Volume 79 Biographies 39: Wen Wuwang

列傳第三十九文五王

Biography 39: The Five Princes of Emperor Wen

竟陵王誕廬江王禕武昌王渾海陵王休茂桂陽王休範

Prince Dan of Jingling, Prince Yi of Lujiang, Prince Hun of Wuchang, Prince Xiumao of Hailing, and Prince Xiufan of Guiyang

竟陵王誕，字休文，文帝第六子也。元嘉二十年，年十一，封廣陵王，食邑二千戶。二十一年，監南兗州諸軍事、北中郎將、南兗州刺史，出鎮廣陵。尋以本號徙南徐州刺史。二十六年，出為都督雍、梁、南北秦四州、荊州之竟陵、隨二郡諸軍事、後將軍、雍州刺史。

Prince Dan of Jingling, whose courtesy name was Xiuwen, was the sixth son of Emperor Wen. In the twentieth year of Yuanjia, when he was eleven, he was enfeoffed as Prince of Guangling with a fief of two thousand households. The following year he was made supervisor of military affairs in Southern Yan, General Who Pacifies the North, and governor of that province, and took up his post at Guangling. Shortly afterward, while keeping the same rank, he was transferred to govern Southern Xu. In the twenty-sixth year he was sent out as commander over Yong, Liang, Northern and Southern Qin, and the Jingzhou districts of Jingling and Sui, with the rank of Rear General and the governorship of Yong.

以廣陵彫弊，改封隨郡王。上欲大舉北討，以襄陽外接關、河，欲廣其資力，乃罷江州軍府，文武悉配雍州，湘州入台稅租雜物，悉給襄陽。及大舉北伐，命諸蕃並出師，莫不奔敗；唯誕中兵參軍柳元景先克弘農、關、陝三城，多獲首級，關、洛震動，事在元景傳。會諸方並敗退，故元景引還。徵誕還京師，遷都督廣、交二州諸軍事、安南將軍、廣州刺史，當鎮始興，未行；改授都督會稽、東陽、新安、臨海、永嘉五郡諸軍事、安東將軍、會稽太守，給鼓吹一部。

Because Guangling had been worn down and impoverished, he was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Suixiang. The emperor planned a major northern campaign. Because Xiangyang lay on the frontier toward the passes and the Yellow River, he sought to strengthen it: he abolished the Jiangzhou military headquarters and reassigned all its officials and troops to Yongzhou, and diverted Xiangzhou's tax levies and assorted goods from the capital to Xiangyang. When the great northern expedition was launched, every princely command was ordered to take the field, and all ended in rout; only Liu Yuanjing, a staff officer on Dan's central army, first took Hongnong and the passes at Guan and Shan, capturing many heads and shaking the Guan and Luo region; the full account is in Yuanjing's biography. When every front had collapsed and pulled back, Yuanjing withdrew as well. Dan was recalled to the capital and appointed commander over Guang and Jiao, General Who Pacifies the South, and governor of Guang, with orders to garrison Shixing, but he never took up the post; Instead he was made commander over Kuaiji, Dongyang, Xin'an, Linhai, and Yongjia, General Who Pacifies the East, and governor of Kuaiji, with a full ceremonial guard of pipes and drums.

元兇弑立，以揚州浙江西屬司隸校尉，浙江東五郡立會州，以誕為刺史。世祖入討，遣沈慶之兄子僧榮間報誕，又遣寧朔將軍顧彬之自魯顯東入，受誕節度。誕遣參軍劉季之與彬之並勢，自頓西陵，以為後繼。劭遣將華欽、庾導東討，與彬之弟相逢于曲阿之奔牛塘，路甚狹，左右皆悉入菰封，彬之軍人多齎籃屐，於菰葑中夾射之，欽等大敗。事平，征誕為持節、都督荊、湘、雍、益、寧、梁、南北秦八州諸軍事、衛將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史。誕以位號正與浚同，惡之，請求回改。乃進號驃騎將軍，加班劍二十人，餘如故。南譙王義宣不肯就征，以誕為侍中、驃騎大將軍、揚州刺史，開府如故。改封竟陵王，食邑五千戶。顧彬之以奔牛之功，封陽新縣侯，食邑千戶，季之零陽縣侯，食邑五百戶。

After the usurper Liu Shao murdered his way to the throne, the western half of the Zhe River region in Yangzhou was placed under the Director of the Retainers, the five eastern Zhe commanderies were organized as Kuai Province, and Dan was made its governor. When Emperor Xiaowu marched east to suppress Shao, he sent Shen Qingzhi's nephew Seng Rong with a secret message to Dan, and dispatched General Who Pacifies the North Gu Binzhi east from Luxian to serve under Dan's command. Dan sent his aide Liu Jizhi to combine forces with Binzhi, while he himself held Xiling as a reserve. Shao sent Hua Qin and Yu Dao east to attack. They met Binzhi's younger brother at Ben Niu Pond near Qu'e, where the road was narrow and reed marshes closed in on both sides. Binzhi's men, many wearing basket-shoes, fired from the reeds on either flank and routed Qin's force completely—the victory later known as Ben Niu. After the rebellion was crushed, Dan was summoned to court with the staff of command, made commander over Jing, Xiang, Yong, Yi, Ning, Liang, and Northern and Southern Qin, Defender General, with an establishment equal to the Three Excellencies, and governor of Jing. Dan found that his title and rank matched those of Prince Jun exactly and took offense, asking that they be altered. He was then promoted to General of Agile Cavalry with twenty sword-bearing guards, while his other privileges remained unchanged. When Prince Yixuan of Nanqiao refused to obey the summons to court, Dan was made Attendant-in-Ordinary, Grand General of Agile Cavalry, and governor of Yangzhou, retaining his former establishment. He was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Jingling with a fief of five thousand households. For the victory at Ben Niu, Gu Binzhi was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yangxin with one thousand households, and Liu Jizhi as Marquis of Lingyang with five hundred.

明年，義宣舉兵反，有荊、江、兗、豫四州之力，勢震天下。上即位日淺，朝野大懼；上欲奉乘輿法物，以迎義宣，誕固執不可，然後處分。加誕節，仗士五十人，出入六門。上流平定，誕之力也。初討元兇，與上同舉兵，有奔牛之捷，至是又有殊勳。上性多猜，頗相疑憚。而誕造立第舍，窮極工巧，園池之美，冠于一時。多聚才力之士，實之第內，精甲利器，莫非上品，上意愈不平。孝建二年，乃出為使持節、都督南徐、兗二州諸軍事、太子太傅、南徐州刺史，侍中如故。上以京口去都密邇，猶疑之。大明元年秋，又出為都督南兗、南徐、兗、青、冀、幽六州諸軍事、南兗州刺史，餘如故。誕既見猜，亦潛為之備，至廣陵，因索虜寇邊，修治城隍，聚糧治仗。嫌隙既著，道路常云誕反。

The following year Yixuan rose in rebellion with the armies of Jing, Jiang, Yan, and Yu behind him, and his power seemed to shake the whole empire. The emperor had only lately ascended the throne, and fear gripped court and countryside alike; the emperor even considered sending out the imperial carriage and regalia to welcome Yixuan; Dan adamantly opposed this, and only then did the court settle on a course of resistance. Dan was granted the staff of command, fifty armed guards, and the right to pass through all six palace gates. The pacification of the upper Yangzi was largely Dan's doing. In the first campaign against the usurper he had taken up arms alongside the emperor and won the victory at Ben Niu; now he had distinguished himself once more. The emperor was deeply suspicious by nature and grew wary of him. Meanwhile Dan built mansions of extraordinary craftsmanship, with gardens and ponds whose beauty surpassed anything of the age. He gathered talented and capable men to fill his residence, stocked it with the finest armor and weapons, and the emperor's resentment only deepened. In the second year of Xiaojian he was sent out with the staff of command as commander over Southern Xu and Yan, Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, and governor of Southern Xu, while retaining his post as Attendant-in-Ordinary. Because Jingkou lay so close to the capital, the emperor remained uneasy. In the autumn of the first year of Daming he was transferred again as commander over Southern Yan, Southern Xu, Yan, Qing, Ji, and You, and governor of Southern Yan, his other titles unchanged. Once under suspicion, Dan began preparing in secret as well. At Guangling he used raids by the northern barbarians as a pretext to repair the walls and moats and to stockpile grain and arms. As the breach became obvious, rumor on every road had it that Dan was about to rebel.

三年，建康民陳文紹上書曰：「私門有幸，亡大姑元嘉中蒙入臺六宮，薄命早亡，先朝賜贈美人，又聽大姑二女出入問訊。父饒，司空誕取為府史，恆使入山圖畫道路，勤劇備至，不敢有辭，不復聽歸，消息斷絕。姑二女去年冒啟歸訴，蒙陛下聖恩，賜敕解饒吏名。誕見符至，大怒，喚饒入交問：『汝欲死邪？訴臺求解。』饒即答：『官比不聽通家信，消息斷絕。若是姊為啟聞，所不知。』誕因問饒：『汝那得入臺？』饒被問，依實啟答。既出，誕主衣莊慶、畫師王強語饒：『汝今年敗，汝姊誤汝。官云小人輩敢持臺家逼我。』饒因叛走歸，誕即遣王強將數人逐，突入家內縛錄，將還廣陵。至京口客舍，乃陊死井中，託云『饒懼罪自殺』。抱痛懷冤，冒死歸訴。」吳郡民劉成又詣闕上書，告誕謀反，稱：「息道龍昔伏事誕，親見姦狀。又見誕在石頭城內，修乘輿法物，習倡警蹕。道龍私獨憂懼，向伴侶言之，語頗漏泄，誕使大吏令監內執道龍，道龍逸走，誕怒鞭殺監，又捕殺道龍。」又豫章民陳談之上書訴枉，稱：「弟詠之昔蒙誕採錄，隨從歷鎮；大駕南下，為誕奉送箋書，經涉危險，時得上聞。聖明登阼，恩澤周普，回改小人，使命微勤，賜署臺位。詠之恆見誕與左右小人莊慶、傅元祀潛圖姦逆，言詞醜悖，每云：『天下方是我家有，汝等不憂不富貴。』又常疏陛下年紀姓諱，往巫鄭師憐家祝詛。詠之既聞此語，又不見其事，恐一旦事發，橫罹其罪，密以告建康右尉黃宣達，并有啟聞，希以自免。元祀弟知詠之與宣達來往，自嫌言語漏泄，即具以告誕。誕大怒，令左右飲詠之酒，逼使大醉，因言詠之乘酒罵詈，遂被害。自顧冤枉，事有可哀。」其年四月，上乃使有司奏曰：

In the third year a Jiankang commoner named Chen Wenshao submitted a memorial: "Our family was once fortunate: my late elder aunt entered the palace harem during Yuanjia; she died young, and the former court posthumously granted her the title of Beauty. Her two daughters were permitted to visit us with news from the palace. My father Rao was taken on as a clerk by Minister Dan and constantly sent into the mountains to survey roads. The labor was crushing and he dared not refuse; he was no longer allowed to go home, and we heard nothing from him. Last year the two daughters ventured to petition on their return home, and by Your Majesty's grace an edict was issued releasing Rao from official service. When Dan saw the edict arrive, he flew into a rage, summoned Rao, and demanded: "Do you want to die? Petitioning the court for release?" Rao answered at once: "Your lordship would not allow any word to reach my family; we had heard nothing. If my sisters made the petition, I knew nothing of it." Dan then asked: "How did you ever enter the palace?" Rao, pressed for an answer, told the truth. After he left, Dan's master of robes Zhuang Qing and the painter Wang Qiang told him: "You are finished this year; your sisters have destroyed you. The lord said these wretches dare use the palace household to pressure me." Rao fled home, but Dan sent Wang Qiang with several men in pursuit. They burst into the house, seized him, and hauled him back toward Guangling. At an inn in Jingkou he was thrown down a well and killed, with the story put about that "Rao, fearing punishment, took his own life." Bearing this grief and injustice, I risk death to bring this plea." A man of Wu commandery named Liu Cheng also came to the palace with a memorial accusing Dan of rebellion. He wrote: "My son Dao Long once served Dan and saw his treachery with his own eyes. He also saw Dan inside Shitou city preparing the imperial carriage and regalia and rehearsing the ceremonial music and progress of an emperor. Dao Long confided his fears to his companions, and word leaked out. Dan ordered the chief clerk to have the inner guard seize him; Dao Long escaped. Dan had the guard flogged to death in his rage and then hunted down and killed Dao Long. A man of Yuzhang named Chen Tan also submitted a memorial of grievance: "My younger brother Yongzhi was once recruited by Dan and followed him through his successive postings; when the imperial army marched south, he carried Dan's letters of submission through great danger and managed to get word to the court. When Your Majesty ascended the throne, grace spread everywhere; this humble man was reformed, given a minor assignment for small service, and granted a post at court. Yongzhi constantly saw Dan with his cronies Zhuang Qing and Fu Yuansi secretly plotting treason, speaking in vile and rebellious terms, often saying: "The realm under Heaven is our family's to take; you need not worry about wealth or rank." He also wrote out Your Majesty's age, name, and tabooed characters and sent them to the shaman Zheng Shilian's household for curses. Yongzhi heard these words but never saw the plot carried out; fearing that when matters came to a head he would be punished anyway, he secretly informed the Right Commandant of Jiankang, Huang Xuanda, and also sent a report to the court, hoping to save himself. Yuansi's younger brother learned of Yongzhi's contact with Xuanda, feared that his own words had leaked, and reported everything to Dan. Dan was furious. He had his men force wine on Yongzhi until he was drunk, then claimed Yongzhi had cursed and reviled him while intoxicated, and had him killed. Looking back on this injustice, the case is pitiable indeed." In the fourth month of that year the emperor ordered the relevant offices to submit a memorial:

臣聞神極尊明，大儀所以貞觀；皇天峻邈，玄化所以幽宣。故能經緯氓俗，大庇黔首。庶道被八紘，不遺疏賤之賞；威格天區，豈漏親貴之罰。此不刊之鴻則，古今之恆訓。

Your servant has heard that when the divine pole shines with supreme clarity, the great norm of the realm stands firm; when August Heaven towers in its remoteness, the hidden transformation of the Way is proclaimed in the depths. Thus the ruler can weave order through the customs of the people and shelter all the black-haired masses beneath his care. So that the Way may reach the eight corners of the earth, withholding no reward even from the remote and lowly; and awe may reach the heavens themselves—how could punishment be withheld from kin and nobles alike? This is the great and unchanging principle, the eternal teaching of past and present.

謹按元嘉之末，天綱崩褫，人神哀憤，含生喪氣。司空竟陵王誕義兼臣子，任居藩維。進不能泣血提戈，忘身徇節；退不能閉關拒險，焚符斬使。遂至拜受偽爵，欣承榮寵，沈淪姦逆，肆於昏放。以妻故司空臣湛之女，誅亡余類，單舟遄遣，披猖千里，事哀行路，賊忍無親，莫此為甚。

We respectfully report: at the end of Yuanjia the celestial order collapsed; men and spirits alike grieved and raged, and all living things lost heart. Minister Dan, Prince of Jingling, bore the double duty of subject and son and held a frontier command at the realm's pillar. When he should have advanced, he did not weep blood and take up arms, forgetting himself in loyal service; when he should have held back, he did not shut the passes, burn the credentials, and behead the envoys. Instead he bowed and accepted the usurper's titles, gladly receiving honors from a rebel court, and sank into treachery, dissipation, and license. Because his wife was the daughter of the executed Minister Chen Zhan, whose entire clan had been wiped out, he sent her off alone in a single boat at full speed across a thousand li—a sight that moved every traveler on the road. In treachery and cruelty toward his own kin, nothing could exceed this.

故山陰傅僧祐，誠亮國朝，義均休戚。重門峻衛，不能拒折簡之使；岩險千里，不能庇匹夫之身。乃更助虐憑凶，抽兵勒刃，遂使頓仆牢井，死不旋踵，妻子播流，庭筵莫立，見之者流涕，聞之者含歎。及神鋒首路，欃槍東指，風卷四嶽，電埽三江。誕猶持疑兩端，陰規進退。陛下頻遣書檄，告譬殷勤，方改姦圖，末乃奉順。分遣弱旅，永塞符文，宴安所蒞，身不越境，悖禮忘情，不顧物議，彎弧躍馬，務是畋遊，致奔牛有崩碎之陳，新亭無獨克之術。假威義銳，乞命皇旅，竟有何勞，而論功伐。既妖祲廓清，大明升曜，幽顯宅心，遠邇雲集。誕忽星行之悲，違開泰之慶，遲回顧望，淹逾旬朔。逆黨陳叔兒等，泉寶钜億，資貨不貲，誕收籍所得，不歸天府，辭稱天軍，實入私室。又太官東傳，舊有獻御，喪亂既平，猶加斷遏，珍羞庶品，回充私膳。於號諱之辰，遽甘滋之品，當惟新之始，絕苞苴之貢，忠孝兩忘，敬愛俱盡。乃徵引巫史，潛考圖緯，自謂體應符相，富貴可期，悖意醜言，不可勝載。遂復遙諷朝廷，占求官爵，侮蔑宗室，詆毀公卿，不義不昵，人道將盡。荷任神州，方懷姦慝，每窺向宸御，妄生規幸；多樹淫祀，顯肆祅詛，遂在石頭，潛修法物；傳警稱蹕，擬則天行，皆已駭暴觀聽，彰布朝野。

The late Fu Sengyou of Shanyin was loyal and upright toward the dynasty, sharing its fortunes and its perils. Though his gates were barred and his guards stern, he could not refuse the envoy bearing a summons; though his cliffs and defiles stretched a thousand li, he could not protect a single common man's life. He then aided the tyrant further, drew troops and forced blades upon him, and cast him down a prison well to die on the spot. Wife and children were scattered, the household left in ruins—those who saw it wept, those who heard it sighed. When the imperial army took the field and the comet pointed east, wind swept the four sacred peaks and lightning scoured the three rivers. Dan still wavered between two sides and secretly plotted whether to advance or hold back. Your Majesty sent letter after letter with earnest admonition; only then did he abandon his treacherous designs and at last submit. He sent only weak detachments and blocked the imperial credentials; though the campaign was at his doorstep, he would not cross his border. He defied ritual, ignored public opinion, bent his bow and leapt to horseback for the hunt alone—so that at Ben Niu the army was shattered and at Xinting there was no hope of victory fought alone. Riding on Yixuan's strength, he begged mercy from the imperial army—what real labor had he done that merit should be claimed? Once the evil omens were cleared away and the great brightness of Daming rose, the seen and unseen alike gave their hearts to the throne, and far and near gathered like clouds. Dan suddenly affected the grief of a falling star and defied the celebration of the new reign; he lingered and looked back, delaying more than a full month. The rebel Chen Shuer and his followers held treasure in the hundreds of millions; Dan registered what he seized but did not return it to the imperial treasury, claiming it was for the imperial army while in fact it went into his private store. Moreover he intercepted the Eastern Kitchen relay that by old custom presented delicacies to the throne—even after the turmoil had ended—and diverted its fine foods to his private table. On the days of mourning taboo he feasted on rich delicacies; at the beginning of the new reign he cut off tribute gifts—filial piety and loyalty alike forgotten, reverence and love alike cast aside. He summoned shamans and clerks, secretly examined prophetic texts, and declared that his body matched the omens of rule and that wealth and honor awaited him—rebellious and vile speech beyond all reckoning. He mocked the court from afar, sought offices and ranks by divination, insulted the imperial clan, and slandered the high ministers—unrighteous and without natural affection; the way of humanity was nearly at an end. Holding office over the heartland of the empire, he harbored treacherous designs, constantly peering toward the imperial residence and nursing vain hopes; he set up illicit sacrifices, openly practiced demonic curses, and at Shitou secretly prepared the regalia of an emperor; proclaiming warnings and rehearsing the imperial progress, modeling himself on the Son of Heaven—all of which has shocked every witness and spread plainly through court and countryside.

昔內難甫寧，珍瑋散佚，有御刀利刃，擅價諸夏，天府禁器，歷代所珍。誕密加購賞，頓藏私室。賊義宣初平，餘黨逃命，誕含縱罔忌，私竊招納，名工細巧，悉匿私第。又引義宣故將裘興為己腹心，事既彰露，猶執欺罔，公文面啟，矯稱舊隸。加以營幹制館，僭擬天居，引石征材，專擅興發，驅迫士族，役同輿皁，殫木土之姿，窮吞併之勢。故會稽宣長公主受遇二祖，禮級尊崇，臣湛之亡身徇國，追榮典軍。誕以廣拓宅宇，地妨藝植，輒逼遺孤，頓相驅徙。遂令神主宵遷，改卜委巷，宗戚含傷，行路掩涕。又緣谿兩道，積代通衢，誕拓宇開垣，擅斷其一。致使徑塗擁隔，川陸阻礙，神怒民怨，毒遍幽顯。

When the internal strife was just pacified, precious treasures were scattered and lost—including imperial blades and sharp swords prized throughout the realm, treasures of the imperial storehouse cherished by every dynasty. Dan secretly bought them up and hoarded them in his private chambers. When the rebel Yixuan was first defeated, his remnant followers fled for their lives; Dan sheltered them without restraint, secretly recruiting them, and hid master craftsmen in his private residence. He also took Yixuan's former general Qiu Xing as his intimate confidant; when this was exposed, he still lied—in an official memorial to the throne he falsely claimed Xing was an old retainer. Moreover he undertook vast construction and built halls modeled on the imperial palace, requisitioning stone and timber at will, driving the gentry like carriage lackeys, exhausting every resource of wood and earth, and pushing annexation to its limit. The late Princess Chang of Kuaiji had been honored by the two founding emperors with the highest ritual rank; Minister Chen Zhan gave his life for the state and was posthumously honored as Director of the Army. To expand his mansions, Dan pressed the orphaned survivors to move wherever his building plans required, driving them from their lands. He forced the ancestral tablets to be moved by night to a mean back alley; kinsmen grieved and travelers on the road wept. Moreover along two roads by the stream that had been public thoroughfares for generations, Dan expanded his walls and arbitrarily blocked one of them. This blocked the direct routes and obstructed river and land traffic; spirits and people alike raged, and outrage spread everywhere.

故丞相臨川烈武王臣道規，名德茂親，勳光常策，異禮殊榮，受自先旨者。嗣王臣義慶受任西夏，靈寢暫移，先帝親枉鑾輿，拜辭路左，恩冠終古，事絕常班。誕又以廟居宅前，固請毀換，詔旨不許，怨懟彌極。

The late Chancellor, Prince Daogui of Linchuan, was a kinsman of illustrious virtue whose merit shines in the eternal records; he received exceptional honors by the former emperor's decree. Prince Yiqing was appointed in Western Xia; when the ancestral tomb was temporarily moved, the late emperor personally drove his carriage to bow and take leave by the roadside—an honor surpassing all antiquity. Because a temple stood before his residence, Dan repeatedly demanded its demolition; when the edict refused, his resentment grew extreme.

有靦面目，豺狼為性，規牧江都，希廣兵力，天德尚弘，甫申所請，仍謂應住東府，宜為中台，貪冒無厭，人莫與比。雖聖慈全救，每垂容納，而虐戾不悛，姦詖彌甚。受命還鎮，猜怨愈深，忠規正諫，必加鴆毒，諂瀆膚躁，是與比周。又矯稱符敕，設榜開募，事發辭寢，委罪自下。及錄事徐靈壽以常署受坐，將就囚執，舀韓近恭，中護軍遣吏夏嗣伯密相屬請，求寬桎梏。且王僧達臨刑之啟事，高闍即戮之辭，皆稱潛驛往來，遙相要契，醜聲穢問，宣著遐邇，含識能言，孰不憤歎。又獲吳郡民劉成、豫章民陳談之、建康民陳文紹等並如訴狀，則姦情猜志，歲月增積。

Shameless and wolfish by nature, he schemed to hold Jiangdu and expand his armies; though the court had just granted his request, he still claimed he ought to dwell in the Eastern Palace and hold the Central Secretariat—greedy beyond compare. Though the emperor's compassion repeatedly spared and indulged him, he did not repent of his cruelty, and his treachery grew worse. Ordered back to his post, his suspicion deepened; loyal counsel he answered with poison, while flatterers became his closest companions. He forged imperial credentials and posted recruitment notices; when exposed he changed his story and blamed subordinates. When the recorder Xu Lingshou was implicated in a routine matter and about to be imprisoned, Han Jingong was summoned, and the Director of the Guardians of the Heir Apparent sent the clerk Xia Sibo with secret pleas to loosen his bonds. Moreover Wang Sengda's final memorial and Gao Ge's words at execution both spoke of secret messages and distant conspiracies; foul rumors spread far and wide, and who among the knowing did not rage and sigh? Moreover Liu Cheng of Wu, Chen Tan of Yuzhang, and Chen Wenshao of Jiankang were examined, and their petitions proved true—his treacherous designs had accumulated over years.

昔周德初升，公旦有流言之釁，魯道方泰，季子斷逵泉之誅。近則淮厲覆車於前，義康襲軌於後，變發柴奇，禍成范、謝，亦皆以義奪親，情為憲屈。況乃上悖天經，下誣政道，結釁於無妄之辰，希幸于文明之日，皇穹所不覆，厚土所不容。夫無禮之誡，臣子所宜服膺；幹紀之刑，有國所應慎守。

In antiquity, when Zhou's virtue first rose, the Duke of Zhou faced slander; when Lu flourished, the younger son halted an execution at Kuiquan. Recently Prince Huai's fate warned from the front and Yikang's from behind; disasters involving Chai Qi, Fan, and Xie all showed righteousness overcoming kinship and private feeling yielding to law. How much more when one rebels against Heaven above and corrupts government below, plotting treason in a time of peace and hoping for fortune in an age of civilization—Heaven will not shelter him, earth will not bear him. The warning against breach of ritual is what every subject should take to heart; and the punishment for violating the statutes is what every state must uphold.

臣等參議，宜下有司，絕誕屬籍，削爵土，收付延尉法獄治罪。諸所連坐，別下考論。伏願遠尋宗周之重，近監興亡之由，割恩棄私，俯順群議，則卜世靈根，於茲克固，鴻勳盛烈，永永無窮。陛下如復隱忍，未垂三思，則覆皇基於七百，擠生民於塗炭。此臣等所以夙夜危懼，不敢避鈇鉞之誅者也。

We jointly propose that the relevant offices strike Dan from the clan registers, strip his rank and fief, and deliver him to the Minister of Justice for trial and punishment. All those implicated should be separately investigated and judged. We humbly pray that Your Majesty look back to the Zhou founders and the causes of rise and fall, set aside private favor, and heed our counsel—then the dynasty's foundation will be secured and its glory endure forever. If Your Majesty again shows forbearance and does not reflect deeply, you will overturn the foundation of seven hundred years and drive the people into misery. This is why we lie awake in fear and dare not shrink from the axe, even at the cost of our lives.

上不許，有司又固請，乃貶爵為侯，遣令之國。上將誅誕，以義興太守垣閬為兗州刺史，配以羽林禁兵，遣給事中戴明寶隨閬襲誕，使閬以之鎮為名。閬至廣陵，誕未悟也。明寶夜報誕典籤蔣成，使明晨開門為內應。成以告府舍人許宗之，宗之奔入告誕。誕驚起，呼左右及素所畜養數百人，執蔣成，勒兵自衛。明旦將曉，明寶與閬率精兵數百人卒至，天明而門不開，誕已列兵登陴，自在門上斬蔣成，焚兵籍，赦作部徒系囚，開門遣腹心率壯士擊明寶等，破之。閬即遇害，明寶奔逃，自海陵界得還。

The emperor refused; when the offices petitioned again, Dan was only degraded to marquis and ordered to depart for his fief. The emperor planned to execute Dan. He appointed Yuan Lang, governor of Yixing, as governor of Yan, gave him Forbidden Guards, and sent Attendant Dai Mingbao with him to strike Dan under the pretext of taking up his post. Lang reached Guangling, and Dan still did not suspect. Mingbao secretly informed Dan's registrar Jiang Cheng to open the gate the next morning as an inside collaborator. Cheng told the residence aide Xu Zongzhi, who ran in to warn Dan. Dan started up in alarm, summoned his attendants and several hundred retainers he had long kept, seized Jiang Cheng, and marshaled troops to defend himself. At dawn Mingbao and Lang arrived with several hundred elite troops, but the gate remained shut. Dan had drawn up his men on the walls, personally beheaded Jiang Cheng at the gate, burned the military registers, freed workshop prisoners, and sent his trusted warriors out to rout Mingbao's force. Lang was killed on the spot; Mingbao fled and escaped back across the Hailing border.

上乃遣車騎大將軍沈慶之率大眾討誕。誕焚燒郭邑，驅居民百姓，悉使入城，分遣書檄，要結近遠。時山陽內史梁曠家在廣陵，誕執其妻子，遣使要曠，曠斬使拒之。誕怒，滅其家。誕奉表投之城外，曰：「往年元兇禍逆，陛下入討，臣背凶赴順，可謂常節。及丞相構難，臧、魯協從，朝野恍惚，鹹懷憂懼，陛下欲百官羽儀，星馳推奉，臣前後固執。方賜允俞，社稷獲全，是誰之力？陛下接遇殷勤，累加榮寵，驃騎、揚州，旬月移授，恩秩頻加，復賜徐、兗，仰屈皇儲，遠相餞送。臣一遇之感，感此何忘，庶希偕老，永相娛慰。豈謂陛下信用讒言，遂令無名小人來相掩襲，不任枉酷即加誅剪。雀鼠貪生，仰違詔敕。今親勒部曲，鎮捍徐、兗。先經何福，同生皇家；今有何愆，便成胡、越？陵鋒奮戈，萬沒豈顧，蕩定以期，冀在旦夕。右軍、宣蘭，爰及武昌，皆以無罪，並遇枉酷，臣有何過，復致於此。陛下宮帷之醜，豈可三緘。臨紙悲塞，不知所言。」世祖忿誕，左右腹心同籍朞親並誅之，死者以千數。或有家人已死，方自城內叛出者。

The emperor then sent General of Chariots and Cavalry Shen Qingzhi at the head of a great army to suppress Dan. Dan burned the suburbs, drove all the residents into the city, and sent proclamations far and wide to rally supporters. The Shanyang administrator Liang Kuang's family was in Guangling; Dan seized his wife and children and sent envoys to summon him, but Kuang beheaded the envoys and refused. Dan in his rage exterminated the entire household. Dan sent a memorial out beyond the walls, saying: "In former years, when the usurper committed his crimes, Your Majesty marched to suppress him, and I turned from the wicked to the righteous—that was only my proper duty. When the Chancellor raised rebellion and Zang and Lu joined him, court and countryside were in turmoil. Your Majesty wished to send the officials with imperial regalia to urge submission, but I repeatedly refused. Only then was consent granted and the altars of state preserved—whose doing was that? Your Majesty treated me with earnest kindness, heaping honors upon me—General of Agile Cavalry, governor of Yangzhou, transferred within weeks, then Xu and Yan as well, even bending the heir apparent to send him far in farewell. I was moved by a single meeting—how could I forget? I hoped we would grow old together in mutual trust and joy. Who would have thought Your Majesty would trust slander and send nameless petty men to attack me by surprise, unable to bear wrongful cruelty and at once order my execution? Like sparrow and rat I cling to life and have disobeyed your edict. Now I personally lead my troops to defend Xu and Yan. What blessing did we once share, born of the same imperial house; what fault have I now that we have become strangers like Hu and Yue? I will charge the front and brandish my weapons; though ten thousand perish I will not look back; I expect pacification within days. The Right Army, Xuanlan, and Wuchang—all innocent, all met wrongful cruelty; what fault have I that I should come to this again? Your Majesty's shame within the palace curtains—how can it be sealed thrice over? Facing this paper, grief chokes me; I know not what more to say." Emperor Xiaowu was furious at Dan; his attendants, intimates, and nearest kin of the same register were all executed—the dead numbered in the thousands. Some whose families had already been killed only then defected from within the city.

車駕出頓宣武堂，內外纂嚴。慶之進廣陵，誕幢主韓道元來降。豫州刺史宗愨、徐州刺史劉道隆率眾來會。誕中兵參軍柳光宗、參軍何康之、劉元邁、幢主索智朗謀開城北門歸順，未期而康之所鎮隊主石貝子先眾出奔，康之懼事泄，夜與智朗斬關而出。誕禽光宗殺之。光宗，柳元景從弟也。康之母在城內，亦為誕所殺。

The emperor went out and halted at the Hall of Martial Display; strict guard was drawn up throughout the capital. Qingzhi advanced on Guangling, and Dan's banner commander Han Daoyuan surrendered. The governors of Yu and Xu, Zong Que and Liu Daolong, led their armies to join him. Dan's staff officers Liu Guangzong, He Kangzhi, Liu Yuanmai, and banner commander Suo Zhilang plotted to open the north gate and surrender; before the appointed time Kangzhi's squad leader Shi Beizi fled ahead of the rest, and Kangzhi, fearing exposure, cut the gate bars by night and escaped with Zhilang. Dan seized Guangzong and killed him. Guangzong was the younger cousin of Liu Yuanjing. Kangzhi's mother, who was still in the city, was also killed by Dan.

誕見眾軍大集，欲棄城北走，留中兵參軍申靈賜居守，自將騎步數百人，親信並隨，聲云出戰，邪趨海陵道。誕將周豐生馳告慶之，慶之遣龍驤將軍武念追躡。誕行十餘里，眾並不欲去，請誕還城。誕曰：「我還，卿能為我盡力不？」眾皆曰：「願盡力。」左右楊承伯牽誕馬曰：「死生且還保城，欲持此安之？速還尚得入，不然，敗矣。」慶之所遣將戴寶之單騎前至，刺誕殆獲，誕懼，乃馳還。武念去誕遠，未及至，故誕得向城。既至，曰：「城上白鬚，非沈公邪？」左右曰：「申中兵。」誕乃入。以靈賜為驃騎府錄事參軍，王璵之為中軍長史，世子景粹為中軍將軍，州別駕范義為中軍長史，其餘府州文武，皆加秩。

Seeing the armies massing, Dan planned to abandon the city and flee north. He left Shen Lingci to hold the city and himself led several hundred cavalry and infantry, claiming to go out to battle but turning toward the Hailing road. Dan's general Zhou Fengsheng galloped to inform Qingzhi, who sent General Wu Nian in pursuit. After more than ten li, his men all refused to go on and begged Dan to return to the city. Dan said: "If I return, will you all fight for me with all your strength?" They all answered: "We will fight with all our strength." His attendant Yang Chengbo seized Dan's horse and said: "Whether we live or die, we must hold the city—where do you think you can go out here? Return quickly and we can still get in; otherwise we are lost." Dai Baozhi, whom Qingzhi had sent ahead, came alone on horseback and nearly struck Dan down; Dan in fear galloped back. Wu Nian was still far behind and had not yet arrived, so Dan was able to reach the city. When he arrived he said: "The white beard on the wall—is that not Master Shen?" His attendants said: "Central Army Major Shen." Dan then entered the city. He appointed Lingci recorder of the Agile Cavalry headquarters, Wang Yuzhi senior aide of the central army, his heir Jingcui central army general, and Fan Yi senior aide of the central army; all other civil and military officers received promotions.

先是，右衛將軍垣護之、左軍將軍崔道固、屯騎校尉龐番虯、太子旅賁中郎將殷孝祖破索虜還，至廣陵，上並使受慶之節度。司州刺史劉季之，誕故佐也，驍果有膂力，梁山之役，又有戰功，增邑五百戶。在州貪殘，司馬翟弘業諫爭甚苦，季之積忿，置毒藥食中殺之。少年時，宗愨共蒱戲，曾手侮加愨，愨深銜恨。至是愨為豫州刺史，都督司州，季之慮愨為禍，乃委官間道欲歸朝廷。會誕反，季之至盱眙，盱眙太守鄭瑗以季之素為誕所遇，疑其同逆，因邀道殺之，送首詣道隆。時誕亦遣間信要季之，及季之首至，沈慶之送以示誕。季之缺齒，垣護之亦缺，誕謂眾曰：「此垣護之頭，非劉季之也。」

Earlier, Generals Yuan Huzhi, Cui Daogu, Colonel Pang Fanqiu, and Major Yin Xiaozu, having defeated the northern barbarians, reached Guangling, and the emperor placed them all under Qingzhi's command. The governor of Si, Liu Jizhi, had been Dan's former aide, bold and powerful; at Liangshan he won merit again and his fief was increased by five hundred households. In his province he was greedy and cruel; his administrator Zhai Hongye remonstrated bitterly, and Jizhi in resentment poisoned his food and killed him. In youth he had played dice with Zong Que and once struck him with his hand; Que bore a deep grudge. By then Que was governor of Yu and commander of Si; Jizhi feared Que would harm him, resigned his office, and tried to return to court by secret paths. When Dan rebelled, Jizhi reached Xuyi; the governor Zheng Yuan, knowing Jizhi had long served Dan, suspected him of joining the rebellion, ambushed and killed him on the road, and sent his head to Daolong. Dan had also sent a secret summons to Jizhi; when Jizhi's head arrived, Shen Qingzhi sent it to show Dan. Jizhi was missing teeth, and Yuan Huzhi was too; Dan told the crowd: "This is Yuan Huzhi's head, not Liu Jizhi's."

誕幢主公孫安期率兵隊出降。誕初閉城拒使，記室參軍賀弼固諫再三，誕怒，抽刃向之，乃止。或勸弼出降，弼曰：「公舉兵向朝廷，此事既不可從；荷公厚恩，又義無違背，唯當死明心耳。」乃服藥自殺。弼字仲輔，會稽山陰人也。有文才。贈車騎將軍、山陽、海陵二郡太守，長史如故。幢主王璵之賞募數百人，從東門出攻龍驤將軍程天祚營，斷其弩弦，天祚擊破之，即走還城。誕又加申靈賜南徐州刺史。軍主馬元子踰城歸順，追及殺之，乃於城內建列立壇誓，誕將歃血，其所署輔國將軍孟玉秀曰：「陛下親歃。」群臣皆稱萬歲。

Dan's banner commander Gongsun Anqi led his troop out in surrender. When Dan first closed the city and refused the envoys, his recorder He Bi remonstrated again and again; Dan in anger drew his blade toward him, then stopped. Some urged Bi to surrender; Bi said: "My lord has raised troops against the court—that I cannot follow; yet I have received his deep grace, and in righteousness I cannot betray him—I can only die to prove my loyalty." He then took poison and killed himself. Bi, whose courtesy name was Zhongfu, was a man of Shanyin in Kuaiji. He had literary talent. He was posthumously made General of Chariots and Cavalry and governor of Shanyang and Hailing, with his former rank as senior aide. Banner commander Wang Yuzhi recruited several hundred men, went out the east gate to attack General Cheng Tianzuo's camp, and cut his crossbow strings; Tianzuo routed them and they fled back into the city. Dan again promoted Shen Lingci to governor of Southern Xu. Army commander Ma Yuanzi climbed over the wall to surrender but was pursued and killed. Within the city they set ranks and erected an altar for oath; as Dan was about to drink the blood oath, his appointed General Meng Yuxiu said: "Your Majesty should drink in person." The assembled ministers all cried "Long live the Emperor!"

初，誕使黃門呂曇濟與左右素所信者，將世子景粹藏於民間，謂曰：「事若濟，斯命全脫，如其不免，可深埋之。」分以金寶，齊送出門，並各散走。唯曇濟不去，攜負景粹，十餘日，乃為沈慶之所捕得，斬之。

Earlier Dan had sent the Yellow Gate Lü Tanji with trusted attendants to hide his heir Jingcui among the common people, saying: "If we succeed, he may be saved; if not, bury him deep. He divided gold and jewels among them, sent them all out the gate, and each scattered and fled. Only Tanji did not leave; carrying Jingcui on his back, after more than ten days he was captured by Shen Qingzhi and beheaded.

誕所署平南將軍虞季充又出降書。上使慶之於桑里置烽火三所。誕又遣千餘人自北門攻強弩將軍苟思達營，龍驤將軍宗越擊破之。開東門掩攻劉道隆營，復為殷孝祖及員外散騎侍郎沈攸之所破。誕又加申靈賜左長史，王璵之右長史，范義左司馬、左將軍，孟玉秀右司馬、右將軍。范義母妻子並在城內，有勸義出降，義曰：「我人吏也，且豈能作何康活邪！」義字明休，濟陽考城人也。早有世譽。

Dan's appointed General Who Pacifies the South, Yu Jichong, again sent out a letter of surrender. The emperor had Qingzhi set up three beacon-fire stations at Sangli. Dan again sent more than a thousand men from the north gate to attack General Gou Sida's camp; General Zong Yue routed them. They opened the east gate for a surprise assault on Liu Daolong's camp but were again routed by Yin Xiaozu and Shen Youzhi, Extraordinary Gentleman of the Scattered Cavalry. Dan further promoted Shen Lingci to left senior aide, Wang Yuzhi to right senior aide, Fan Yi to left staff major and left general, and Meng Yuxiu to right staff major and right general. Fan Yi's mother, wife, and children were all in the city, and some urged him to surrender. He said, "I am Dan's man—how could I pull a He Kang and live through it! Yi, whose courtesy name was Mingxiu, was from Kaocheng in Jiyang. He had enjoyed a fine reputation from early on.

五月十九日夜，有流星大如斗杆，尾長十餘丈，從西北來墜城內，是謂天狗。占曰：「天狗所墜，下有伏尸流血。」誕又遣二百人出東門攻劉道產營，別遣疑兵二百人出北門。沈攸之於東門奮短兵接戰，大破之。門者又為苟思達所破。誕又遣數百人出東門攻寧朔司馬劉勔營，攸之又破之。廣陵城舊不開南門，云開南門者，不利其主，至誕乃開焉。彭城邵領宗在城內，陰結死士，欲襲誕。先欲布誠於慶之，乃說誕求為間諜，見許。領宗既出，致誠畢，復還城內，事泄，誕鞭二百，考問不服，遂支解之。

On the night of the nineteenth of the fifth month a meteor as large as a dipper handle, its tail more than ten zhang long, fell from the northwest into the city—the Celestial Dog. Omens read: "Where the Celestial Dog falls, corpses lie hidden below and blood runs. Dan again sent two hundred men out the east gate against Liu Daochan's camp while dispatching two hundred decoy troops from the north gate. Shen Youzhi fought hand to hand at the east gate and routed them. The attackers at the gate were beaten again by Gou Sida. Dan sent several hundred more out the east gate against Staff Major Liu Mian's camp; Youzhi routed them again. Guangling had never opened its south gate; tradition held that doing so boded ill for the city's master—Dan was the first to open it. Shao Lingzong of Pengcheng, inside the city, secretly assembled men willing to die in order to assassinate Dan. He first wanted to pledge loyalty to Qingzhi, so he persuaded Dan to let him serve as a spy, and Dan agreed. After leaving to signal his loyalty to Qingzhi, Lingzong returned inside the city; when the plot was exposed Dan had him flogged two hundred times and tortured him, but he would not confess, so Dan had him dismembered.

上遣送章二紐，其一曰竟陵縣開國侯，食邑一千戶，募賞禽誕；其二曰建興縣開國男，三百戶，募賞先登。若克外城，舉一烽；克內城，舉兩烽；禽誕，舉三烽。上又遣屯騎校尉譚金、前虎賁中郎將鄭景玄率羽林兵隸慶之。誕復遣三百人自南門攻劉勔土山，為勔所破。

The emperor sent two seal cords: one conferring Marquis Who Establishes the State of Jingling County with a fief of one thousand households and a bounty for capturing Dan alive; the other conferring Baron Who Establishes the State of Jianxing County with three hundred households and a bounty for the first man over the wall. Capture of the outer wall: one beacon. If the inner wall was taken, raise two beacons; If Dan was captured alive, raise three beacons. The emperor also dispatched Tan Jin, Commandant of Escort Cavalry, and former Tiger-Fierce Captain General Zheng Jingxuan with Forest Guard troops to serve under Qingzhi. Dan sent three hundred men from the south gate against Liu Mian's siege mound; Mian repulsed them.

慶之填塹治攻道，值夏雨，不得攻城。上每璽書催督之，前後相繼。及晴，再怒，使太史擇發日，將自濟江。太宰江夏王義恭上表諫曰：「誕素無才略，畜養又寡，自拒王命，士庶離散。城內乏糧，器械不足，徒賴免兵倉頭三四百人，造次相附，恩怨夙結。臣始短慮，謂一旬可殄，而假息流遷，七十餘日。上將受律，群蕃嶽峙，銳卒精旅，動以萬計，大威所震，未有成功。臣雖凡怯，猶懷憤踴。陛下入翦封豕，出討長蛇，兵不血刃，再興七百。而蕞爾小丑，遂延晷漏，致皇赫斯怒，將動乘輿。此實臣下素食駑鈍之責，行留百司，莫不仰慚俯愧。今盛暑被甲，日費千金，天威一麾，孰不幸甚。臣伏尋晉文王征淮南，淹師出二百日，方能制寇。今誕餱糧垂竭，背逆者多；慶之等轉悟遲重之非，漸見乘機之利。且成旨頻降，必應旦夕夷殄。愚又以廣陵塗近，人信易達，雖為江水，約示不難。且睹理者寡，暗塞者眾，忽見雲旗移次，京都既當祗悚，四方之志，必有未達。臣愚伏重思計，今寧不當計小丑，省生命，以安遐邇之情。又以長江險闊，風波難期，王者尚不乘危，況乃泛不測之水。昔魏文濟江，遂有遺州之名，今雖先天不違，動干休慶，龍舟所幸，理必利涉，然居安慮危，不可不懼。私誠款款，冒啟赤心，追用悚汗，不自宣盡。」

Qingzhi filled the moats and built assault paths, but summer rains prevented a siege. The emperor sent a steady stream of imperial letters pressing him to attack. When the weather cleared he grew angry once more, had the Grand Astrologer fix a day of departure, and prepared to cross the Yangtze himself. Grand Preceptor Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia, memorialized in protest: "Dan has never shown talent or strategy and commands few loyal followers; ever since he defied the throne, his soldiers and people have been melting away. The city lacks grain and arms; he depends on a hastily gathered band of three or four hundred conscript soldiers and clerks, bound by old loves and hatreds. I originally hoped he could be crushed within ten days, yet more than seventy days have passed while he lingers on. Your Majesty is ready to take the field; the princes stand massed like peaks; elite troops number in the tens of thousands—yet under all this imperial might there is still no victory. Humble and timid though I am, I burn with frustrated zeal. Your Majesty has cut down monstrous foes without staining a blade and restored the dynasty's glory— yet this wretched rebel has dragged out the siege until Your Sacred Majesty's wrath is aroused and the imperial carriage must stir. This is our fault—idle, sluggish officials eating the state's bread—every office near and far hangs its head in shame. Armies stand in scorching heat in full armor; a thousand gold vanishes each day—and if Heaven's wrath stirs at one gesture, who would not suffer the more for it? I recall that when Emperor Wen of Jin campaigned against Huainan, the army was in the field two hundred days before the enemy was subdued. Dan's provisions are almost gone and defections multiply; Qingzhi and his officers are waking to the cost of delay and beginning to see their opening. And with Your Majesty's repeated orders, he should be wiped out within days. Guangling lies close at hand and news travels quickly; though the Yangtze intervenes, an edict of reassurance would not be hard to send. Few men grasp the logic, and many are closed-minded; a sudden shift of the imperial banners will frighten the capital and leave the realm puzzled. On second thought, would it not be wiser to ignore this petty rebel, spare lives, and calm anxieties across the empire? The Yangtze is wide and treacherous, its storms unpredictable—a true king does not court danger, still less cross waters whose hazards cannot be known. When Emperor Wen of Wei crossed the Yangtze his abandoned boat gave rise to the name of Yizhou; though Heaven smiles on Your Majesty and the dragon barge should pass safely, security demands foresight of danger—we cannot be heedless. With all my private sincerity I dare lay my heart before you; I tremble even to speak, and cannot say all I feel."

七月二日，慶之率眾軍進攻，克其外城，乘勝而進，又克小城。誕聞軍入，與申靈賜走趨後園。隊主沈胤之、義征客周滿、胡思祖馳至，誕執玉鐶刀與左右數人散走，胤之等追及誕於橋上，誕舉刀自衛，胤之傷誕面，因墜水，引出殺之，傳首京邑。時年二十七，因葬廣陵，貶姓留氏。同黨悉誅，殺城內男為京觀，死者數千，女口為軍賞。誕母殷、妻徐，並自殺。追贈殷長寧園淑妃。嘉梁曠誠節，擢為後將軍。封周滿山陽縣侯，食邑四百五十戶，胤之萊陽子，食邑三百五十戶。胡思祖高平縣男食邑二百戶。臨川內羊璿之以先協附誕，伏誅。

On the second of the seventh month Qingzhi led the combined armies in assault, stormed the outer wall, pressed forward, and took the inner citadel as well. When Dan heard the enemy had broken in, he fled with Shen Lingci toward the rear garden. Squad leader Shen Yin zhi, volunteer Zhou Man, and Hu Sizu raced after him. Dan seized a jade-hilted knife and fled with a few attendants; they caught him on a bridge. He fought back and Yin zhi cut his face; he fell into the water, was dragged out and killed, and his head was sent to the capital. He was twenty-seven; he was buried at Guangling and his clan was degraded to the surname Liu (meaning "detained"). All his cohort were put to death; the men of the city were slaughtered and piled into a victory mound, several thousand dead; the women were given out as spoils to the troops. Dan's mother, Lady Yin, and his wife, Lady Xu, both took their own lives. Lady Yin was posthumously honored as Shufei of Changning Garden. Jia Liang was promoted to Rear General for his steadfast loyalty. Zhou Man was made Marquis of Shanyang with a fief of 450 households; Yin zhi was made Viscount of Laiyang with 350 households. Hu Sizu was made Baron of Gaoping with a fief of 200 households. Yang Suanzhi, Interior Secretary of Linchuan, was put to death for having sided with Dan from the start.

誕為南徐州刺史，在京，夜大風飛落屋瓦，城門鹿床倒覆，誕心惡之。及遷鎮廣陵，入城，沖風暴起揚塵，晝晦。又中夜閑坐，有赤光照室，見者莫不怪愕。左右侍直，眠中夢人告之曰：「官鬚髮為矟毦。」既覺，已失髻矣，如此者數十人，誕甚怪懼。大明二年，發民築治廣陵城，誕循行，有人干輿揚聲大罵曰：「大兵尋至，何以辛苦百姓！」誕執之，問其本末，答曰：「姓夷名孫，家在海陵。天公去年與道佛共議，欲除此間民人，道佛苦諫得止。大禍將至，何不立六慎門。」誕問：「六慎門云何？」答曰：「古時有言，禍不入六慎門。」誕以其言狂悖，殺之。又五音士忽狂易見鬼，驚怖啼哭曰：「外軍圍城，城上張白布帆。」誕執錄二十餘日，乃赦之。城陷之日，雲霧晦暝，白虹臨北門，亙屬城內。

While Dan served as governor of Southern Xuzhou in the capital, a night gale tore off roof tiles and overturned the gate barrier; he took it as a bad omen. When he took up his post at Guangling and entered the city, a sudden sandstorm blotted out the daylight. Once at midnight as he sat idle, a red glow filled the room, and all who saw it were terrified. His attendants dreamed that a voice said, "My lord's beard and hair have turned to spear tassels. When they woke their topknots were gone; this happened to dozens of men, and Dan was deeply alarmed. In the second year of Daming, when Dan conscripted the people to rebuild Guangling's walls, a man stepped in front of his carriage and shouted, "The imperial host is nearly here—why torment the common folk! Dan had him seized and questioned; he answered, "My surname is Yi, my name Sun; I live in Hailing. Last year the Lord of Heaven and Dafo debated destroying all the people here, but Dafo pleaded until the plan was abandoned. Great catastrophe is coming—why not build the Gate of Six Cautions? Dan asked, "What is the Gate of Six Cautions? He replied, "There is an old saying: disaster does not pass the Gate of Six Cautions. Dan had him executed for his insane talk. A musician suddenly went mad, claimed to see ghosts, and wailed, "Enemy armies surround the city—white sailcloth hangs from the battlements! Dan held him for more than twenty days, then released him. On the day the city fell, murky clouds blotted out the sky and a white rainbow spanned from the north gate deep into the city.

八年，前廢帝即位，義陽王昶為征北將軍、徐州刺史，道經廣陵，上表曰：「竊聞淮南中霧，眷求遺緒；楚英流殛，愛存丘墓。並難結兩臣，義開二主，法雖事斷，禮或情申。伏見故賊劉誕，稱戈犯節，自貽逆命，膏斧嬰戮，在憲已彰。但尋屬忝皇枝，位叨列辟，一以罪終，魂骸莫赦。生均宗籍，死同匹豎，旅窆委雜，封樹不修。今歲月愈邁，愆流釁往，踐境興懷，感事傷目。陛下繼明升運，鹹與惟新，大德方臨，哀矜未及。夫欒布哭市，義犯雷霆；田叔鉗赭，志於夷戮。況在天倫，何獨無感。伏願稽若前准，降申丹志，乞薄改褊祔，微表窀穸。則朽骨知榮，窮泉識荷。臨紙哽慟，辭不自宣。」詔曰：「征北表如此。省以慨然。誕及妻女，並可以庶人禮葬，並置守衛。」太宗泰始四年，又更改葬，祭以少牢。

In year 8, after the Deposed Emperor's successor took the throne, Prince Chang of Yiyang, en route as General Who Campaigns North and governor of Xuzhou, memorialized from Guangling: "I hear how after the fog over Huainan, posterity still cherishes what was lost; when Chu Ying was exiled and executed, love still kept his grave in mind. In both cases loyalty bound subject to two rulers, and though law severed the tie when the matter ended, rites could still give feeling its voice. Your humble servant observes that the former rebel Liu Dan, who took up arms in breach of duty and brought execution on himself, has already paid the full penalty the law requires. Yet he was of the imperial clan and held princely rank—once his crime was sealed, neither soul nor body received mercy. In life he shared the imperial genealogy; in death he lies like any commoner, his coffin cast aside in neglect, his grave mound untended. Years have passed and old guilt has faded; yet treading this soil moves me, and the sight grieves me. Your Majesty has inherited a bright new reign and renewed all things; your great virtue is still new, and compassion has not yet reached him. Luan Bu wept for Ji in the marketplace, defying imperial wrath; Tian Shu submitted himself in fetters, seeking to share his master's execution. How much more within the bonds of kin—can Your Majesty alone remain unmoved? I beg Your Majesty to follow those precedents, show a little mercy, and grant a modest re-inclusion in the ancestral rites and a simple marking of his tomb. Then his bones in the grave would know honor, and his spirit below would feel your grace. My grief chokes me as I write; words fail to say what I feel. An edict read: "The memorial of the General Who Campaigns North is as follows. I have read it and am deeply moved. Dan, his wife, and his daughters may be buried with commoners' rites, and guards shall be posted at the tomb. In the fourth year of Taishi under Emperor Taizong, the tomb was restored and sacrifices were offered with the secondary livestock rite.

廬江王禕，字休秀，文帝第八子也。元嘉二十二年，年十歲，封東海王，食邑二千戶。二十六年，以為侍中、後軍將軍，領石頭戍事。遷冠軍將軍、南彭城、下邳二郡太守、散騎常侍，領戍如故。出為會稽太守，將軍如故。二十九年，遷使持節、都督廣交二州荊州之始興臨安二郡諸軍事、車騎將軍、平越中郎將、廣州刺史。

Prince Yi of Lujiang, whose courtesy name was Xiuxiu, was the eighth son of Emperor Wen. In the twenty-second year of Yuanjia, at age ten, he was enfeoffed as Prince of Donghai with a fief of 2,000 households. In year 26 he was made Palace Attendant and Rear General, and given command of the Shitou garrison. He was promoted to Champion General, governor of Nanpengcheng and Xiapi, and Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, retaining command of the garrison. He was posted as governor of Kuaiji, retaining his general's rank. In year 29 he was made Bearer of the Staff, supervisor of military affairs in Guang and Jiao provinces and Shixing and Lin'an commanderies in Jing Province, General of Chariots and Cavalry, Pacifier of the Yue, and governor of Guangzhou.

昔周室既盛，二叔流言，漢祚方隆，七蕃迷叛，斯實事彰往代，難興自古。雖聖賢御極，宇內紓患。太尉廬江王藉慶皇枝，蚤升寵樹，幼無立德，長缺修聲，淡薄親情，厚結行路，狎昵群細，疏澀人士。

When the Zhou flourished, the Duke of Zhou was slandered by the two uncles; when the Han rose, the seven princely domains rebelled—history shows such crises are as old as empire itself. Even sage rulers, once enthroned, must still pacify the realm. The Grand Commander, Prince of Lujiang, rose early on his birth as an imperial prince; as a youth he built no virtue, as a man he won no good name. He was cold to kin yet warm to strangers, intimate with petty men and distant from worthy gentlemen.

自朕撥亂定宇，受命應天，實尚敦睦，克敷友于，故崇殊爵，超居上臺。而公常懷不平，表於事蹟。公若德深望重，宜膺大統，朕初平暴亂，豈敢當璧，自然推符奉璽，天祚有歸。且朕雖居尊極，不敢自恃，宗室之事，無不諮公。不虞志欲難滿，妄生窺怨，積慝在衿，遂謀社稷。

When I pacified the realm and received Heaven's mandate, I prized kinship and brotherly harmony and therefore elevated him to the highest rank. Yet you have nursed grievance, and your conduct shows it. If your virtue and standing truly outweighed mine, the throne should have been yours; when I first seized power amid chaos I hardly dared claim the Mandate—you would have received the seal by acclamation and Heaven's favor would have found its rightful lord. Though I sit upon the throne, I have never presumed on my own judgment; on every matter touching the imperial clan I consulted you. I never imagined your appetite could not be sated—you nursed secret grievance, clutched malice to your heart, and turned against the throne itself.

曩者四方遘禍，兵斥畿甸，搢紳憂惶，親賢同憤。唯公獨幸厥災，深抃時難，晝則從禽遊肆，夜則縱酒弦歌，側耳視陰，企賊休問。司徒休仁等並各令弟，事兼家國，推鋒履險，各伐一方，蒙霜踐棘，辛勤已甚。況身被矢石，否泰難虞，悠悠之人，尚有信分。公未曾有一函之使，遺半紙之書，志棄五弟，以餌仇賊。自謂身非勳烈，義不參謀，必期凶逆道申，以圖輔相。及皇威既震，群凶肅蕩，九有同慶，萬國含欣。而公容氣更沮，下帷晦跡，每覘天察宿，懷協左道，咒詛禱請，謹事邪巫，常被發跣足，稽首北極，遂圖畫朕躬，勒以名字，或加以矢刃，或烹之鼎鑊。

When disaster struck from every quarter and armies massed at the capital, officials trembled and loyal kinsmen and ministers burned with righteous fury. You alone exulted in the catastrophe—hunting by day and feasting by night—straining to catch news from the shadows, praying the rebels would win. Xiuren, Steward of the Masses, and your other brothers each bore the burdens of throne and kin, took the spear-point into danger, and campaigned in separate realms through frost and thorn—their hardship was beyond measure. They faced arrows and stones with fortune and ruin hanging in the balance—yet even ordinary folk knew their obligation of loyalty. You never sent so much as a letter or half a page—you meant to sacrifice your five brothers as bait for the enemy. Claiming you were no battle hero and owed no counsel, you counted on the rebels' victory so you could become chief minister. When imperial might prevailed and the rebels were crushed, the whole realm rejoiced and every land breathed relief. Yet you only grew more sullen—you shut yourself away, scanned the heavens, embraced sorcery, and served wicked shamans, often with hair loose and feet bare, bowing to the Pole Star; you had my likeness painted, marked with names, pierced with blades, or boiled in pots.

公在江州，得一漢女，云知吉凶，能行厭咒，大設供養，朝夕拜伏，衣裝嚴整，敬事如神；令其祝詛孝武，并及崇憲，祈皇室危弱，統天稱己；巫稱神旨，必得如願，後事發覺，委罪所生，徼幸｛危阝｝｛阝區｝，僅得自免。近又有道士張寶，為公見信，事既彰露，肆之於法。公不知慚懼，猶加營理，遣左右二人，主掌殯含。顯行邪志，罔顧吏司。又挾閹豎陳道明交關不逞，傳驛音意，投金散寶，以為信誓。又使府史徐虎兒招引邊將，要結禁旅，規害台輔，圖犯宮掖。

At Jiangzhou you found a Han woman who claimed to read omens and cast malign spells; you lavished offerings on her, bowing day and night in formal dress and treating her like a deity; you had her curse Emperor Xiaowu and Empress Dowager Chongxian alike, praying the dynasty would weaken so you might rule Heaven in your own name; The witch swore the gods would grant your wish; when the plot was exposed you blamed your birth mother and only narrowly escaped punishment. You also trusted a Daoist named Zhang Bao; when his plot was exposed, he was put to death by law. Unashamed and unafraid, you went on making arrangements, dispatching two attendants to oversee funeral rites. You pursued your wicked designs openly, with no regard for the law. You also conspired with the eunuch Chen Daoming, exchanging messages by courier post and showering gold and jewels as pledges of loyalty. You also sent your clerk Xu Hu'er to recruit border generals, win over the palace guard, target the chief ministers, and plot an assault on the inner palace.

公受性不仁，才非治用，昔忝江州，無稱被徵，前蒞會稽，以罪左黜。公稽古寡聞，嚴而無理，言不暢寒暑，惠不及帷房，朝野所輕，搢紳同侮，豈堪輔相之地，寧任蒞民之職，非唯一朝，有自來矣。

You are unkind by nature and unfit to govern. You served at Jiangzhou without distinction and were recalled; later you were posted to Kuaiji and demoted for misconduct. You affect learning yet know little, and are harsh without reason; your speech is graceless and your kindness never reaches home. Court and country alike despise you, and officials hold you in contempt—you are unfit to be chief minister, let alone govern the people; this has been true for years.

大明之世，迄於永光，公常留中，未嘗外撫，何以在今，方起嫌怨。公少即長人，情無哀戚，侍拜長寧，從祀宗廟，顏無戚狀，淚不垂臉，兄弟長幼，靡有愛心。昔因孝武御筵置酒，心誠不著，於時義陽念遇本薄，遭公此譖，益被猜嫌。朕當時狼狽，不暇自理，賴崇憲太后譬解百端，少蒙申亮，得免殃責。景和狂主，醜毒橫流，初誅宰輔，豺志方扇。于建章宮召朕兄弟，逼酒使醉，公因酒勢，遂肆苦言，云朕及休仁，與太宰親數，往必清閒，贈貺豐厚。朕當時惶駭，五內崩墜，於其語次，劣得小止。往又經在尋陽長公主第，兄弟共集，忽中坐忿怒，厲色見指，以朕行止出入，每不能同，若得稱心，規肆忿憾。惟公此旨，蚤欲見滅，而天道愛善，朕獲南面，不長惡逆，挫公毒心。

Throughout the Daming era and into Yongguang you stayed at court and never held a provincial post—so why do you now nurse suspicion and grievance? Though grown to manhood from youth, you have never known grief; at obeisance in Changning and rites at the ancestral temple your face showed no sorrow and no tear touched your cheek—you have no love for your brothers, elder or younger. Once at Emperor Xiaowu's banquet your insincerity showed plainly; Yiyang was already lightly regarded at court, and after your slander he fell under still deeper suspicion. I was then in such distress I could not defend myself; only Empress Dowager Chongxian's tireless explanations partly cleared my name and spared me punishment. Under Jinghe the mad ruler, cruelty ran unchecked; he began by executing his chief ministers, and his wolfish ambition was just taking wing. At Jianzhang Palace he summoned us brothers and forced us to drink until drunk; emboldened by wine, you then accused me and Xiuren of intimacy with the Grand Counselor, claiming our visits were cozy and our gifts lavish. I was terrified, my heart shattered within me, and only midway through his tirade did I gain a brief respite. Once at the Xunyang Princess's residence, with all of us brothers gathered, you suddenly erupted in mid-feast, pointing at me in fury—my every movement displeased you, and given the chance you would have unleashed your rage. By your own admission you long wished me dead; yet Heaven favors the good—I took the throne, refused to indulge evil, and foiled your murderous designs.

自大明積費，國弊民凋，加景和奢虐，府藏罄盡。朕在位甫爾，恤義具瞻，仍值終阻蜂起，日耗萬金，公卿庶民，傾產歸獻。積受台奉，貲畜優廣。朕踐阼之初，公請故太宰東傳余錢，見入數百萬，內不充養，外不助國，散賜諂諛，遍惠趨隸。推心考行，事類斯比。群小交構，遂生異圖，籍籍之義，轉盈民口。公若地居衡寄，任專八柄，德育於民，勳高於物，勢不自安，於事為可。公既才均櫟木，牽以曲全，因高無民，得守虛靜，而坐作凶咎，自囗深釁。由朕誠感無素，爰至於此，永尋多難，惋慨實深。

Since the Daming era the state has been drained by mounting costs and the people impoverished; Jinghe's extravagance and cruelty emptied the treasury altogether. I had barely taken the throne when all eyes turned to me for mercy and justice, yet the Zhongshu rebellion erupted and gold poured out by the ten thousand daily—nobles and commoners alike stripped their estates to give. You amassed your court stipends until your wealth and livestock overflowed. At the start of my reign you claimed the late Grand Counselor's remaining funds in the east—millions in plain sight—yet spent nothing on your household or the state, showering sycophants and lackeys instead. Judge your conduct honestly, and this is the pattern throughout. Petty schemers wove plots and treasonous designs spread until rumor filled every mouth in the land. Had you held real power, commanded the eight imperial prerogatives, governed with virtue, and towered in merit above all others, restlessness might be understandable. Your talent is useless as corkwood; you were kept on only by bending; elevated yet without popular support, you could have lived in quiet—but instead you courted evil and brought deep guilt upon yourself. Because I lacked constancy in my goodwill, it has come to this—and looking back on so many trials, my grief and regret run very deep.

凡人所行，各有本志。朕博愛尚仁，為日已久，尚能含讎恕辠，著於觸事，豈容於公，不相隱忍。但禍萌易漸，去惡宜疾，負荷之重，寧得坐觀。且蔓草難除，燎火須撲，狡扇之徒，宜時誅剪。已詔司戮，肅正典刑。公身居戚長，情禮兼至，准之常科，顧有惻怛，宜少申國憲，以弔不臧。今以淮南、宣城、歷陽三郡還立南豫州，降公為車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史，削邑千戶，侍中、王如故。

Every man's actions spring from his own intent. I have long cherished broad love and benevolence, and have forgiven enemies time and again in every matter I touch—how could I not have forborne with you? But evil spreads quickly once it takes root, and must be cut down at once; bearing the weight of the realm, how can I sit idle? Weeds are hard to uproot and fire must be stamped out at once—cunning instigators must be cut down without delay. I have already ordered the Minister of Justice to enforce the law. As an elder kinsman you deserve both affection and ceremony; by ordinary law there would be compassion—but some measure of punishment is owed for your wrongdoing. I now reestablish Southern Yu Province from Huainan, Xuancheng, and Liyang commanderies, demote you to General of Chariots and Cavalry with commissioner rank equal to the Three Excellencies and governor of Southern Yu, cut your fief by 1,000 households, and leave your titles as Palace Attendant and prince unchanged.

出鎮宣城，上遣腹心楊運長領兵防衛。同黨柳欣慰、徐虎兒、陳道明、寗敬之、閭丘邈之、樊平祖、孟敬祖並伏誅。明年六月，上又令有司奏：「禕忿懟有怨言，請免官，削爵土，付宛陵縣獄，依法窮治。」不許。乃遣大鴻臚持節，兼宗正為副奉詔責禕，逼令自殺，時年三十五，即葬宣城。

Posted to Xuancheng, he was placed under guard by the emperor's trusted agent Yang Yunchang and an armed escort. His co-conspirators Liu Xinwei, Xu Hu'er, Chen Daoming, Ning Jingzhi, Luqiu Miaozhi, Fan Pingzu, and Meng Jingzu were all put to death. The following sixth month the emperor ordered a memorial: "Prince Yi nurses resentment and speaks rebelliously; we request his dismissal, stripping of rank and fief, imprisonment in Wannling county, and full prosecution under law." The request was denied. The emperor then sent the Grand Herald with imperial staff and the Director of the Imperial Clan as deputy to deliver an edict condemning Prince Yi and order his suicide. He was thirty-five and was buried at Xuancheng.

子充明，輔國將軍、南彭城、東莞二郡太守。廢徙新安歙縣。後廢帝即位，聽還京邑。順帝升明二年卒，時年二十八，無子。

His son Chongming served as General Who Supports the State and governor of Nanpengcheng and Dongguan. After the deposition he was exiled to She county in Xin'an. When the Deposed Emperor took the throne, he was allowed to return to the capital. He died in Shengming year 2 of Emperor Shun, at age twenty-eight, leaving no sons.

武昌王渾，字休淵，文帝第十子也。元嘉二十四年，年九歲，封汝陰王，食邑二千戶。為後軍將軍，加散騎常侍。索虜南寇，破汝陰郡，徙渾為武昌王。少而凶戾，嘗出石頭，怨左右人，援防身刀斫之。元兇弑立，以為中書令。山陵夕，裸身露頭，往散騎省戲，因彎弓射通直郎周朗，中其枕，以為笑樂。世祖即位，授征虜將軍、南彭城、東海二郡太守，出鎮京口。

Prince Hun of Wuchang, whose courtesy name was Xiuyuan, was the tenth son of Emperor Wen. In the twenty-fourth year of Yuanjia, at age nine, he was enfeoffed as Prince of Ruyin with a fief of 2,000 households. He was made Rear General with the additional title of Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. When the northern barbarians invaded and overran Ruyin commandery, Hun was transferred to the title Prince of Wuchang. Violent and cruel from boyhood, he once left Shitou in a rage and hacked at his attendants with his personal sword. When the usurper Liu Shao seized the throne, Hun was made Director of the Central Secretariat. On the eve of the burial rites he went naked and bareheaded to the Scattered Cavalry offices for sport, bent his bow, and shot Direct Attendant Zhou Lang in the pillow—and laughed. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne, Hun was made General Who Punishes the Barbarians, governor of Nanpengcheng and Donghai, and posted to Jingkou.

上遣員外散騎侍郎戴明寶詰渾曰：「我與汝親則同氣，義則君臣，遣任西蕃，以同磐石，云何一旦反欲見圖？文檄處分，事蹟炳然，不忠不義，乃可至此。豈唯天道助順，逆志難充，如其凶圖獲逞，天下誰當相容？前事不遠，足為鑒戒。加以頻歲釁難，非起外人，唯應相與厲精，以固七百。汝忽復構此，良可悲惋。國雖有典，我亦何忍極法，好自將養，以保松、喬之壽。」逼令自殺，即葬襄陽，時年十七。大明四年，聽還葬母江太妃墓次。太宗即位，追封為武昌縣侯。

The emperor sent Dai Mingbao, Extraordinary Gentleman of the Scattered Cavalry, to rebuke Prince Hun: "We are brothers by blood and sovereign and subject by duty. I posted you to the western frontier as my bedrock—how could you turn against me? Your proclamations and actions speak for themselves—disloyalty and treachery could go no further. Heaven aids the loyal and thwarts rebellion—if your treason succeeded, who under Heaven would accept you? Recent history is near enough to serve as a warning. Moreover, rebellion after rebellion has come from within our own house; we should together steel ourselves to preserve the dynasty's seven-century legacy. That you would plot this again is truly lamentable. Though the law is strict, I cannot bring myself to punish you to the full—take care of yourself and live out your natural span." He was ordered to take his own life and was buried at Xiangyang. He was seventeen. In the fourth year of Daming he was permitted reburial beside the tomb of his mother, Lady Jiang the Grand Consort. When Emperor Ming took the throne, he was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Wuchang county.

王翼之，字季弼，琅邪臨沂人，晉黃門侍郎徽之孫也。官至御史中丞，會稽太守，廣州刺史。諡曰肅子。

Wang Yizhi, whose courtesy name was Jibi, was from Linyi in Langya and grandson of Huizhi, Yellow Gate Attendant under Jin. He rose to Censor-in-Chief, governor of Kuaiji, and governor of Guangzhou. His posthumous epithet was Su (Solemn).

海陵王休茂，文帝第十四子也。孝建二年，年十一，封海陵王，食邑二千戶。大明二年，以為使持節、都督雍、梁、南北秦四州、郢州之竟陵、隨二郡諸軍事、北中郎將、寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史。進號左將軍，增邑千戶。時司馬庾深之行府事，休茂性急疾，欲自專，深之及主帥每禁之，常懷忿怒。左右張伯超至所親愛，多罪過，主帥常加呵責，伯超懼罪，謂休茂曰：「主帥密疏官罪過，欲以啟聞，如此，恐無好。」休茂曰：「為何計？」伯超曰：「唯當殺行事及主帥，且舉兵自衛。此去都數千里，縱大事不成，不失入虜中為王。」休茂從之。夜挾伯超及左右黃靈期、蔡捷世、滕穆之、王寶龍、來承道、彭叔兒、魏公子、陳伯兒、張駟奴、楊興、劉保、餘雙等，率夾轂隊，於城內殺典籤楊慶，出金城，殺司馬庾深之、典籤戴雙。集徵兵眾，建牙馳檄，使佐吏上車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，加黃鉞。侍讀博士荀銑諫爭，見殺。伯超專任軍政，殺害自己。休茂左右曹萬期挺身斫休茂，被創走，見殺。休茂出城行營，諮議參軍沈暢之等率眾閉門拒之。休茂馳還，不得入。義成太守薛繼考為休茂盡力攻城，殺傷甚眾，暢之不能自固，遂得入城，斬暢之及同謀數十人。

Prince Xiumao of Hailing was the fourteenth son of Emperor Wen. In Xiaojian year 2, at age eleven, he was enfeoffed as Prince of Hailing with a fief of 2,000 households. In the second year of Daming he was made Bearer of the Staff, supervisor of military affairs in Yong, Liang, Southern Qin, and Northern Qin provinces and Jingling and Sui commanderies in Ying Province, Northern Central Commandant, Pacifier of the Barbarians, and governor of Yong Province. He was promoted to Left General and his fief increased by 1,000 households. Staff Major Yu Shenzhi then ran the administration; impulsive by nature, Prince Xiumao wanted sole control, but Shenzhi and the chief administrator constantly checked him, and he nursed a growing rage. His favorite attendant Zhang Bochao had many faults and was often scolded by the chief administrator. Fearing punishment, Bochao told Prince Xiumao: "The chief administrator is secretly reporting your misconduct to the court—at this rate, nothing good awaits us." Prince Xiumao asked: "What can we do?" Bochao said: "We must kill the acting administrator and the chief administrator, then raise troops in our own defense. We are thousands of li from the capital—even if the revolt fails, we can still flee north and become kings among the barbarians." Prince Xiumao agreed. That night he took Bochao and his followers Huang Lingqi, Cai Jieshi, Teng Muzhi, Wang Baolong, Lai Chengdao, Peng Shu'er, Wei Gongzi, Chen Bo'er, Zhang Sinu, Yang Xing, Liu Bao, Yu Shuang, and others, led the Jiaogu guard, killed Registrar Yang Qing inside the city, exited through Jincheng gate, and killed Staff Major Yu Shenzhi and Registrar Dai Shuang. He mustered troops, raised his banner and issued proclamations, and had an aide petition for the titles Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Commissioner Equal to the Three Excellencies with the Yellow Battle-Axe. Lecturer Doctor Xun Xian remonstrated with him and was killed. Bochao seized control of military and civil affairs and slaughtered whomever he chose. Prince Xiumao's attendant Cao Wanqi lunged forward and struck at him; wounded, Cao fled and was killed. When Prince Xiumao went out to inspect his camp, Consultant Shen Changzhi and others led troops to shut the gates against him. Prince Xiumao galloped back but could not re-enter the city. Yicheng governor Xue Jikao fought hard for Prince Xiumao and stormed the city with heavy casualties; Shen Changzhi could not hold out, and Xue broke in and beheaded Changzhi and dozens of conspirators.

其日，參軍尹玄慶起義，攻休茂，生禽之，將出中門斬首，時年十七。母妻皆自殺，同黨悉伏誅。城中撓亂，無相統領。時尚書右僕射劉秀之弟恭之為休茂中兵參軍，眾共推行府州事。繼考以兵肋恭之，使作啟事云立義，自乘驛還都，上以為永嘉王子仁北中郎諮議參軍、河南太守，封冠軍縣侯，食邑四百戶。尋事泄，伏誅。恭之坐繫尚方。以玄慶為射聲校尉。有司奏絕休茂屬籍，貶姓為留，上不許。即葬襄陽。

That same day staff officer Yin Xuanqing raised a loyal force, attacked Prince Xiumao, captured him alive, and was about to behead him at the central gate. He was seventeen. His mother and wife killed themselves, and all his co-conspirators were put to death. The city fell into chaos with no one in command. Liu Gongzhi, younger brother of Minister of Works Liu Xiuzhi and Prince Xiumao's middle army staff officer, was pressed by the crowd to take charge of the prefecture. Xue Jikao forced Gongzhi at sword-point to write a memorial claiming loyalty, then rode post-haste to the capital; the emperor rewarded him with the posts of consultant to Prince Ren of Yongjia's Northern Central Commandant and governor of Henan, enfeoffing him as Marquis of Guanjun with a fief of 400 households. Soon the plot was exposed and he was put to death. Gongzhi was imprisoned in the Shangfang workshop for his role in the affair. Yin Xuanqing was appointed Commandant of the Archers Who Shoot at Sound. The responsible officials petitioned to strike Prince Xiumao from the imperial clan register and reduce his surname to Liu, but the emperor refused. He was buried at once at Xiangyang.

庾深之，字彥靜，新野人也。以事先朝見知。元嘉二十九年，自輔國長史為長沙內史。南郡王義宣為荊、湘二州，加深之寧朔將軍，督湘州七郡。明年，義宣為逆，深之據巴陵拒之。轉休茂司馬。見害之旦，子孫亦死。追贈深之冠軍將軍、雍州刺史，荀銑員外散騎侍郎，曹萬期始平太守。

Yu Shenzhi, whose courtesy name was Yanjing, was from Xinye. He won notice through service to the previous reign. In the twenty-ninth year of Yuanjia he was promoted from senior aide to the General Who Supports the State to administrator of Changsha. When Prince Yixuan of Nanjun governed Jing and Xiang, Shenzhi was further made General Who Pacifies the North and put in charge of Xiangzhou's seven commanderies. The next year Prince Yixuan rebelled; Shenzhi held Baling and resisted him. He was transferred to serve as staff major to Prince Xiumao. On the morning he was killed, his children and grandchildren died as well. Shenzhi was posthumously made General Who Overcomes the Enemy and governor of Yong; Xun Xian was made extraordinary gentleman of the scattered cavalry, and Cao Wanqi governor of Shiping.

太宗定亂，以為使持節、都督南徐、徐、南兗、兗四州諸軍事、鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史，給鼓吹一部。時薛安都據彭城反叛，遣從子索兒南侵，休範進據廣陵，督北討諸軍事，加南兗州刺史，進征北大將軍，加散騎常侍，還京口，解兗州，增邑二千戶，受五百戶。泰始五年，征為中書監、中軍將軍、揚州刺史，常侍如故。明年，出為使持節、都督江、郢、司、廣、交五州、豫州之西陽、新蔡、晉熙、湘州之始興四郡諸軍事、征南大將軍、江州刺史。尋加開府儀同三司，未拜，改授都督南徐、徐、南兗、兗、青、冀六州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、南徐州刺史，持節、常侍、開府如故。未拜，以驃騎大將軍還為江州，進督越州諸軍事，給三望車一乘。太宗遺詔，進位司空，改常侍為侍中，加班劍三十人。

After Emperor Ming restored order, Prince Xiufan was made bearer of the staff, commander over Southern Xu, Xu, Southern Yan, and Yan, General Who Pacifies the North, and governor of Southern Xu, with a full ceremonial guard of pipes and drums. When Xue Anadu held Pengcheng in revolt and sent his nephew Suo'er south to raid, Prince Xiufan advanced to Guangling, took command of the northern punitive armies, was further made governor of Southern Yan and promoted to Grand General Who Campaigns North with the additional title regular attendant of the scattered cavalry; he returned to Jingkou, gave up Yanzhou, and received a fief increase of 2,000 households plus 500 more. In the fifth year of Taishi he was recalled as director of the secretariat, central army general, and governor of Yangzhou, keeping his regular attendant rank. The next year he was sent out as bearer of the staff, commander over Jiang, Ying, Si, Guang, and Jiao and the four commanderies of Xiyang, Xincai, Jinxi, and Shixing, Grand General Who Campaigns South, and governor of Jiangzhou. He was soon granted an establishment equal to the Three Excellencies, but before taking it was reassigned to command Southern Xu, Xu, Southern Yan, Yan, Qing, and Ji as Grand General of Agile Cavalry and governor of Southern Xu, keeping bearer of the staff, regular attendant, and open establishment unchanged. Before he could take up the new post he returned to Jiangzhou as Grand General of Agile Cavalry, was further put in charge of Yuezhou's military affairs, and given one Sanwang carriage. Emperor Ming's deathbed edict promoted him to Minister of Works, changed his regular attendant title to attendant-in-ordinary, and added thirty sword-bearing guards.

休範素凡訥，少知解，不為諸兄所齒遇。太宗常指左右人謂王景文曰：「休範人才不及此，以我弟故，生便富貴。釋氏願生王家，良有以也。」及太宗晚年，晉平王休祐以狠戾致禍，建安王休仁以權逼不見容，巴陵王休若素得人情，又以此見害。唯休範謹澀無才能，不為物情所向，故得自保；而常懷憂懼，恆慮禍及。

Prince Xiufan was dull and inarticulate by nature, slow-witted, and none of his elder brothers treated him as an equal. Emperor Ming often gestured at the men around him and told Wang Jingwen: "Prince Xiufan's talent does not match these men; because he is my younger brother, he was born to wealth and rank. The Buddha's wish to be reborn in a royal house—there is good reason for that." In Emperor Ming's later years Prince Xiuyou of Jinping brought ruin through savage cruelty; Prince Xiuren of Jian'an was destroyed because his power was too threatening; Prince Xiuruo of Baling had always won men's hearts, yet for that very reason was killed. Only Prince Xiufan, cautious, awkward, and without talent, drew no following among men, and so survived; yet he lived in constant dread, always fearing that disaster would reach him.

及太宗晏駕，主幼時艱，素族當權，近習秉政，休範自謂宗戚莫二，應居宰輔，事既不至，怨憤彌結。招引勇士，繕治器械，行人經過尋陽者，莫不降意折節，重加問遺，囗囗留則傾身接引，厚相資給。於是遠近同應，從者如歸。朝廷知其有異志，密相防禦，雖未表形跡，而釁難已成。母荀太妃薨，葬廬山，以示不還之志。解侍中。

When Emperor Ming died, the throne passed to a child in troubled times; low-born families held power and court favorites ruled. Prince Xiufan believed himself without peer among the imperial kin and entitled to a seat among the chief ministers; when that failed to happen, his resentment only deepened. He recruited warriors and repaired weapons. Every traveler passing through Xunyang was met with lowered pride and courtesy, rich gifts and repeated inquiries; those who stayed were received with full devotion and supplied generously. Men near and far answered his call, and followers gathered as though returning home. The court knew he harbored rebellious intent and secretly guarded against him; though he had not yet acted openly, the breach was already made. When his mother, Consort Dowager Xun, died, he buried her on Mount Lu to signal his resolve never to return. He was removed from the post of attendant-in-ordinary.

夫治政任賢，宜親疏相輔，得其經緯，則結繩可及；失其規矩，則危亡可期。漢承戰國之餘，傷周室衰殄，立磐石之宗，而致七國之亂。魏革漢典，創於前失，遂使諸王絕朝聘之禮，是以根疏葉枯，政移異族。今宗室衰微，自昔未有，泰寧之世，足以為譬。孤子忝枝皇族，預關興毀，雖欲忘言，其可得乎！

In governing the state and employing the worthy, kin near and far should assist one another; grasp the warp and woof of affairs, and even rule by knotted cords would suffice; lose measure and rule, and ruin is near at hand. Han inherited the wreckage of the Warring States, mourned the Zhou house's decline, enfeoffed princes firm as bedrock, and thereby brought on the Rebellion of the Seven States. Wei reformed Han institutions to correct earlier failures, yet cut the princes off from court audience and tribute; the roots thinned, the leaves withered, and power passed to another people. Today the imperial house is enfeebled as never before; the age of Taining is warning enough. I, unworthy branch of the imperial clan, am bound up in the dynasty's rise and fall; though I wish to hold my tongue, how can I!

高祖武皇帝升叡三光，滌紛四表。太祖文皇帝欽明冠古，資乾承曆，秉鉞西服，鳴鑾東京，搜賢選能，納奇賞異。孝武皇帝歧嶷天縱，先機雷發，陵波靜亂，宏業中興，儲嗣不腆，遂貽禍難。于時建安王以家難頻遘，宜立長主，明皇帝恢郎淵懿，仁潤含遠，奉戴南面，允合天人。而太尉以年長居卑，怨心形色，柳欣慰等規行不軌，事蹟披猖。驃騎以忤顏失旨，應對不順，在蕃刻削，怨結人鬼。先帝明於號令，豈枉法為親，二王之釁，實自由己。但司徒巴陵王勞謙為國，中流事難，有不世之勳，奉時如天，事兄猶父，非唯令友，信為國器。唐叔之忠，而受管、蔡之罪，親戚哀憤，行路嗟歎。王地籍光潔，德厭民望，並無寸罪，受斃讒邪。先帝穆於友于，留心親戚，去昔事平之後，面受詔誨，禮則君臣，樂則兄弟，升級賜賞，動不移年，撫慰孜孜，恆如不足，豈容一旦鬩牆，致此禍害，良有由也。

Emperor Wu, the High Ancestor, raised his brilliance to the three luminaries and washed away disorder on every frontier. Emperor Wen, the Grand Ancestor, in reverent brilliance surpassed antiquity, received Heaven's mandate, grasped the battle-axe and pacified the west, sounded the imperial carriage in the eastern capital, sought out the worthy, and welcomed and rewarded the extraordinary. Emperor Xiaowu, precocious and Heaven-taught, seized the initiative like thunder, rode the waves and stilled disorder, and revived the great enterprise; yet the heir proved unworthy, and calamity followed. Because Prince Jian'an had repeatedly met with domestic calamity, it was fitting to establish an elder sovereign. Emperor Ming was broad-minded, deep, and virtuous, benevolent and far-reaching; in taking the southern throne he truly accorded with Heaven and men. Yet the Grand Commandant, though the elder, held the lesser rank; resentment showed plainly on his face. Liu Xinwei and others plotted unlawful acts, and their deeds ran wild. The General of Agile Cavalry lost favor by offending the emperor and answering improperly; in his fief he was harshly cut back, and resentment bound the living and the dead. The late emperor was clear in his commands—would he bend the law for kin? The two princes' rebellion truly arose from themselves. But Prince Baling, Minister of Works, toiled humbly for the state; in the crisis at the midstream he won unmatched merit, served the times as Heaven itself, treated his elder brother as a father, was not merely a fine companion but truly an instrument of the state. Like Tang Shu's loyalty, yet he suffered the guilt of Guan and Cai; kinsmen mourned in rage, and travelers on the road sighed in lament. The prince's lineage was bright and pure, his virtue satisfied the people's hopes; he had not a hair's breadth of guilt, yet was destroyed by slander and evil. The late emperor was gracious in brotherly affection and attentive to his kin. After affairs were settled, he received them face to face with edicts and instruction: in ceremony they were monarch and subject, in joy they were brothers; promotions and rewards came within the year, and his comforting care was tireless, always as though it were not enough. How could a sudden breach within the wall bring such calamity? There was truly a cause.

先帝寢疾彌年，體疲膳少，雖神照無虧，而慮有失德，補闕拾遺，責在左右。于時出入臥內，唯有運長、道隆，群細無狀，因疾遘禍，見上不和，知無瘳拯，慮晏駕之日，長王作輔，奪其寵柄，不得自專。是以內假帝旨，外托朝議，諛辭詭貌，萬類千端，升進姦回，屠斥賢哲，外矯天則，內誣人鬼。是以星紀違常，義望失度。昔魏顆擇命，《春秋》美之；秦穆殉良，《詩》有明刺。臣子之節，得失必書，不及匡諫，猶以為罪。交間蒼蠅，驅扇禍戮，爵以貨重，才由貧輕，先帝舊人，無罪黜落，薦致鄉親，遍佈朝省。諂諛親狎者，飛榮玉除；靜立貞粹者，柴門生草。事先關己，雖非必行；若不諮詢，雖是必抑。海內遠近，人誰不知，未解執事，不加斧鉞，遂致先帝有殺弟之名，醜聲遺于君父，格以古義，豈得為忠！先帝崩殂，若無天地，理痛常情，便應赴泣。但兄弟枉酷，已陷讒細，孤子已下，復觸姦機。是以望陵墳而摧裂，想鑾旂而抽慟。雖復才違寄寵，而地屬負荷，顧命之辰，曾不見及。分崩之際，詔出兩豎，天誘其衷，得居乎外。若受制群邪，則玉石同碎矣！以宇宙之基，一旦受制卑瑣，劉氏家國，使小人處分，終古以來，未有斯酷。昔石顯、曹節，方今為優，而望之、仲舉，由以致弊。至於遭逢醜慝，豈有古今者乎！

The late emperor lay ill for years; his body was weary and his meals few. Though his divine clarity was undiminished, he feared lapses in virtue; to remedy omissions and gather what was lost was the duty of those at his side. At that time only Yunzhang and Daolong entered and left the inner bedchamber—vile petty men without decency. Seizing on the illness to bring disaster, seeing the emperor's condition was grave and knowing there was no recovery, they feared that when he passed the elder prince would serve as regent, wrest away their favor and power, and leave them unable to act on their own. Within they borrowed the emperor's command; without they relied on court deliberation. With flattery and false faces, in myriad forms, they promoted the wicked, slaughtered and expelled the worthy, outwardly feigned Heaven's law, and inwardly slandered men and ghosts. Hence the stars and seasons went against the norm, and righteousness and reputation lost their measure. Of old Wei Kuo chose his command—the Spring and Autumn Annals praise him; Duke Mu of Qin sacrificed the worthy—the Odes contain a clear rebuke. The integrity of subject and minister requires that gain and loss be recorded; failure to remonstrate and correct is still counted a fault. Flies buzzing between them drove and fanned slaughter and ruin; rank grew heavy with bribes, talent grew light with poverty; the late emperor's old associates were dismissed without cause; kinsmen were recommended and spread throughout court and ministries. Those who flattered and drew close soared in glory upon the jade steps; those who stood quietly in pure integrity found grass growing at their wicker gates. If a matter touched their interests, even if wrong it would be carried out; if they were not consulted, even if right it would be suppressed. Near and far within the realm, who does not know? Without understanding the matter, you did not apply axe and halberd, and thus left the late emperor with the name of killing his younger brother—a foul reputation bequeathed to ruler and father. Measured by ancient right, how can this be called loyalty! When the late emperor passed away, it was as though Heaven and Earth had vanished; by ordinary human feeling one ought to have rushed to weep. But my brothers suffered cruel injustice and had already fallen into slander and petty plots; I and those below me again touched the machinery of treachery. Therefore gazing at the imperial tombs I am torn apart; thinking of the imperial carriage I break into sobs. Though my talent fell short of the trust placed in me, my position was one of burden; at the hour of the deathbed charge I was not included at all. At the moment of collapse the edict came from two lackeys; Heaven guided my heart, and I was able to remain outside. Had I been subject to that pack of villains, jade and stone would have been shattered together! For the foundation of the realm to be suddenly subject to base and petty men; the Liu house and state left to small men to dispose of—since antiquity there has never been such cruelty. Of old Shi Xian and Cao Jie—today's villains would be their betters; yet even Wang Wangzhi and Chen Fan, through their efforts, led to ruin. As for meeting foul and wicked men—is there any difference between ancient and modern!

諸賢胄籍冠冕，世曆忠貞，位非恩樹，勳豈寵結，憂國勤王，社稷之鎮，豈可含縱讒凶，坐觀傾覆。自惟宋室未殞，得以推移者，正內賴諸賢，防勒姦軌；外有孤子，跨據中流。而人非金石，何能支久，使一虧落，則本根莫庇。當今主上沖幼，宜明典章，征虜之鎮，不見慰省，逆旅往來，尚有顧眄，骨肉何仇，逼使離隔。禽獸之心，橫生疑貳，經由此者，每加約截，同惡相求，有若市賈。以孤子知其情狀，恆恐以此乘之，鉗勒州郡，過見防禦。近遣西南二使，統內宣傳，不容恐懼，即遣啟並有別書。若以孤子有過，便應鳴鼓見伐；如其不爾，宜令各有所歸。與殺不辜，憲有常辟，三公之使，無罪而斬，鄙雖不肖，天子之季父，卑小主者，敢不如是乎！孤子承奉今上，如事先朝，夙宵恭謹，散心雲日，晦望表驛，相從江衢，有何虧違，頓至於此。既已甘心，其可再乎！如往來所說，以孤子納士為尤，此輩懼其身罪，豈為國計。

You worthy men bear noble pedigrees, generation after generation loyal and steadfast; your posts were not planted by favor, your merit not tied to patronage. You worry for the state and serve the throne—the anchors of the altars of soil and grain. How can you tolerate and indulge slander and villainy, sitting by and watching collapse? Reflecting on why the Song house has not yet perished and has been able to carry on, it is precisely because within it relies on you worthy men to guard and restrain the paths of treachery; without, I hold the midstream. Yet men are not metal and stone—how can they endure long? If one should fall, then the root and trunk would have no shelter. Today's sovereign is young and tender; statutes and ordinances should be made clear. The garrison of the Campaigning General receives no comforting inquiry; travelers coming and going still receive a glance of regard—what enmity between flesh and bone forces such separation? With the hearts of birds and beasts, suspicion and divided loyalty arise without cause; those who pass this way are constantly subjected to restraint and interception; the wicked seek one another out like merchants at market. Because I know their circumstances, I constantly fear they will use this to press against me, clamping down on the provinces and commanderies and guarding against me beyond all measure. Recently two envoys were sent southwest to proclaim the court's will within the command; they would not permit fear, and at once dispatched memorials with separate letters. If I am at fault, then drums should be sounded and I should be attacked openly; if not, each side should be allowed to go its own way. To join in killing the innocent—statute has its fixed punishment. Envoys of the Three Excellencies were beheaded though guiltless. Though I am unworthy, as the emperor's youngest uncle, would one who demeans so small a sovereign dare do otherwise! I have served the present emperor as I served the previous court, reverent and careful from early morning to late night, my heart open as sun and cloud; at the dark of the month and the full moon I sent reports by post and traveled together on the river roads—what breach or violation brought me suddenly to this? Since my heart is already resolved, how can there be a second time! As rumor has it, my fault lies in receiving retainers—this crowd fears guilt for themselves; how is that planning for the state?

在昔四豪，列國公子，猶博引廣納，門客三千。況孤子位居鼎司，捍衛畿甸，且今與昔異，鹹所知也。狡虜陵掠，江、淮侵逼，主上年稚，宗室衰微，邪僭用命，親賢結舌，疆場嬰塗炭之苦，征夫有勤役之勞，瓜時不代，齊猶致禍，況長淮戍卒，歷年怨思，不務拓遠強邊，而先事國君親戚，以此求心，何事非亂。又以繕治盆壘，復致囂聲。自晉、宋之災，積貯百萬，孤子到鎮，曾不數千里，且修城池，整郭邑，為治常理，復何足致嫌邪？若以中流清蕩，則任農夫不應實力強兵，作鎮姑孰，俱防寇害，豈得獨嫌於此。昔成王之明，而為流言致惑，若使金縢不開，則周公無以自保。樂毅歸趙，不忍謀燕，況孤子禮則君臣，恩猶父子者乎！所以枕戈泣血，只以兄弟之仇爾。觀其不逞之意，豈可限量。設使遂其虐志，諸君欲安坐得乎！脣亡齒寒，理不難見。桂蠹必除，人邪必翦，枉突徙薪，何勞多力。望便執錄二豎，以謝冤魂，則先帝不失順悌之名，宋世無枉筆之史。

In former times the Four Heroes, princes of rival states, still broadly drew in and widely received retainers—three thousand at their gates. How much more so for me, who stands in the rank of the Tripod Minister and guards the capital region—and today differs from the past, as all know. Crafty barbarians raid and plunder; the Yangzi and Huai are pressed by invasion. The sovereign is young, the imperial house enfeebled; the wicked command at will, the worthy and kin hold their tongues. The frontiers suffer fire and sword; conscript laborers bear forced toil. When the melon season passed without relief, even Qi brought disaster—how much more the long-term garrison soldiers on the Huai, nursing grievance year after year! Instead of extending the far frontier and strengthening the border, you first move against the sovereign's kin—seeking men's hearts thus, what affair would not become rebellion? Again, because I repaired the basin ramparts, uproar was raised anew. Since the calamities of Jin and Song, stores of a million have accumulated. When I reached my post it was not even several thousand li away, and to repair city walls and put the outer towns in order is ordinary governance—how can that be grounds for suspicion? If the midstream is to be kept clear and settled, then Ren Nongfu should not be strengthening his forces in reality; garrisoning at Gushu, both alike guarding against bandits—how can I alone be singled out for suspicion here? Of old King Cheng was enlightened, yet was led astray by slander; had the metal-bound casket not been opened, the Duke of Zhou would have had no way to preserve himself. Yue Yi returned to Zhao and could not bear to plot against Yan—how much more for me, where in ceremony we are monarch and subject and in kindness like father and son! Therefore I sleep upon my spear and weep blood—only for the wrong done to my brothers. Observing their unrestrained intent, how can it be measured or limited? If they are allowed to fulfill their cruel designs, do you gentlemen expect to sit at ease and remain untouched! When the lips are gone the teeth grow cold—the principle is not hard to see. The worm in the cassia must be removed, wicked men must be cut down; to bend the chimney and move the fuel—what need for great force? I hope you will at once arrest and hold the two lackeys, to appease the souls of the wronged; then the late emperor will not lose the name of filial obedience and brotherly respect, and the Song age will have no history written with a crooked brush.

此州地居形要，路枕九江，控弦跨馬，越關而至。重氣輕死，排藪競出，練甲照水，總戈成林，劋此纖隸，何患不克。但千鈞之弩，不為鼷鼠發機，欲使薰蕕內辨，晉陽外息爾。功有所歸，不亦可乎！便當投命有司，謝罪天闕，同奉溫凊，齊心庶事。伊、霍之任，非君而誰；周、邵之職，頗以自許。左提右挈，無愧古人。昔平、勃剛斷，產、祿蚤誅；張、溫趑趄，文台扼腕。事之樞機，得失俄頃，往車今轍，庶無惑焉。近持此意，申之沈攸，其憤難不解諸王致此！既知禍原，銳然奮發，蓄兵厲卒，以俟同舉。張興世發都日，受制凶黨，揚颿直逝，遂不見遇，孤子近遣信申述姦禍，方大惆惋，追恨前迷，比者信使，每申勤款。王奐佐郢，兵權在握，厥督屠枉，朝野嗟痛，猶父之怨，寧可與之比肩。孤子此舉，增其慷慨，義之所勸，其應猶響。諸君或未得此意，故先告懷。徙倚一隅，遲及委問。孤子哀疾尪毀，窮盡無日，庶規史鰍，死不忘本。臨紙荒哽，言不詮第。

This province occupies a strategic position; its roads rest upon the Nine Rivers. Bow in hand and mounted, one crosses the passes and arrives. Men who prize honor above life burst from the thickets in competition; polished armor gleams on the water, spears gathered into a forest—cutting down these petty lackeys, what fear of not prevailing? But a crossbow of a thousand jun does not release its trigger for a tiny mouse; I wish only that fragrant and foul be distinguished within, and the alarm at Jinyang cease without. When merit has its rightful recipient, is that not fitting! Then submit yourselves to the proper authorities, make apology before the throne, together fulfill your duties to the emperor, and with one heart see to the business of state. The role of Yi Yin and Huo Guang falls to no one but you. As for the duties of the Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shao, I venture to claim them as my own. To guide and support from either hand, with no cause for shame before the ancients. Once Chen Ping and Zhou Bo acted with resolute decisiveness, and Lü Chan and Lü Lu were swiftly executed. Zhang and Wen wavered and hung back, while Wen Tai could only wring his hands in despair. The turning point of affairs is won or lost in a moment; learn from the overturned cart of the past, and let there be no confusion now. I have lately pressed this very argument upon Shen You, yet his fury could not be eased—was it the princes who brought matters to this pass! Once the source of the calamity was clear, he roused himself to action, gathered troops and hardened his men, and waited to strike together with us. When Zhang Xingshi departed the capital he was held in thrall to the villainous faction and sailed straight away, so that we never met. I recently sent word laying out the treachery at hand; he was sorely grieved and full of regret for his earlier misjudgment, and of late his messengers have repeatedly pledged his earnest devotion. Wang Huan served as deputy in Ying with military authority firmly in hand; his overseers butchered the innocent, and court and commons alike groaned in anguish. With a grievance like that of an orphaned son, how could one stand shoulder to shoulder with him? This move of mine will only deepen his resolve; where righteousness calls, the answer comes like an echo. You may not yet have understood my meaning; that is why I set out my thoughts here first. I linger here, awaiting your response to what I have laid before you. I am wasted by grave illness, my days all but spent; I only hope to follow the example of Shi Qiu and die without forgetting where I came from. As I face this page I am choked with grief; words cannot say all that I mean.

大雷戍主杜道欣馳下告變。道欣至一宿，休範已至新林，朝廷震動。平南將軍齊王出次新亭壘，領軍將軍劉勔、前兗州刺史沈懷明據石頭，征北將軍張永屯白下，衛將軍袁粲、中軍褚淵、尚書左僕射劉秉等入衛殿省。時事起倉卒，不暇得更處分，開南北二武庫，隨將士意取。

Du Daoxin, commander of the Dalei garrison, galloped down to report the uprising. Within a single night of Daoxin's arrival, Xiufan had already reached Xinlin, and the court was thrown into turmoil. The Prince of Qi, General Who Pacifies the South, marched out and encamped at the Xinting rampart; General-in-Chief Liu Yan and former Yanzhou Inspector Shen Huaiming held Shitou; General Who Pacifies the North Zhang Yong encamped at Baixia; Guard General Yuan Can, Central Army commander Chu Yuan, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Liu Bing, and others entered the palace precincts to defend the throne. The crisis erupted so suddenly that there was no time for further dispositions; the northern and southern armories were thrown open, and officers and men took weapons as they pleased.

休範于新林步上，及新亭壘，自臨城南，於臨滄囗上，以數十人自衛。屯騎校尉黃回見其可乘，乃偽往請降，並宣齊王意旨，休範大悅，以二子德宣、德嗣付回與為質，至即斬之。回與越騎校尉張敬兒直前斬休範首，持還，左右並奔散。

Xiufan marched up from Xinlin to the Xinting rampart, appeared in person south of the city, and on the Lincang □ above kept only several dozen men as his guard. Colonel of Garrison Cavalry Huang Hui saw his opportunity, feigned surrender, and proclaimed the Prince of Qi's terms as well. Xiufan was overjoyed and handed over his two sons Dexuan and Desi to Hui as hostages—and Hui beheaded them on the spot. Hui and Colonel of Rapid Cavalry Zhang Jinger charged straight in and cut off Xiufan's head, then carried it back; his attendants all fled and scattered.

初，休範自新林分遣同黨杜耳、丁文豪、杜墨蠡等，直向朱雀。休範雖死，墨蠡等不相知聞。王道隆率羽林兵在朱雀門內，聞賊至，急召劉勔。勔自石頭來赴，仍進桁南，戰敗，死之。墨蠡等乘勝直入朱雀門，王道隆為亂兵所殺。墨蠡等唱：「太尉至。」休範之死也，齊王遣隊主陳靈寶齎首詣臺，道逢賊，棄首於水，挺身得達。雖唱云已平，而無以為據，眾愈疑惑。張永棄眾於白下，沈懷明於石頭奔散，撫軍典籤茅恬開東府納賊。墨蠡徑至杜姥宅，中書舍人孫千齡開囗明門出降，宮省恇擾，無復固志。時庫藏賞賜已盡，皇太后、太妃剔取宮內金銀器物以充用。羽林監陳顯達率所領於杜姥宅與墨蠡戰，破之。至宣陽御道，諸賊一時奔散，斬墨蠡、文豪及同黨姜伯玉、柳中虔、任天助等。許公輿走還新茶，村民斬送之。晉熙王燮自夏口遣軍平尋陽，德嗣弟青牛、智藏並伏誅。詔建康、秣陵二縣收斂諸軍死者，并殺賊屍，並加藏埋。

Earlier, Xiufan had sent his accomplices Du Er, Ding Wenhao, Du Mol, and others straight toward Zhuque from Xinlin. Though Xiufan was already dead, Mol and the others had no word of it. Wang Daolong was inside Zhuque Gate with the Feathered Forest troops; when he heard the rebels were coming, he urgently summoned Liu Yan. Yan came from Shitou to answer the summons, advanced south of the floating bridge, was defeated, and was killed. Mol and the others pressed their advantage and burst straight through Zhuque Gate; Wang Daolong was slain by the rebel soldiery. Mol and the others shouted: "The Grand Marshal has arrived." When Xiufan fell, the Prince of Qi sent squad leader Chen Lingbao to carry the head to the capital; on the road he ran into the rebels, threw the head into the water, and escaped with his life. Though the shout claimed the crisis was over, there was nothing to prove it, and the people grew only more uncertain. Zhang Yong abandoned his men at Baixia; Shen Huaiming broke and fled at Shitou; Mao Tian, chief clerk of the Pacification Headquarters, opened the Eastern Quarter and let the rebels in. Mol went straight to the Du Lao residence; Sun Qianling, Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat, opened the □ming Gate and surrendered; panic seized the palace offices, and no one held firm. By then the treasury rewards had run out; the Empress Dowager and the Grand Consort stripped gold and silver vessels from within the palace to meet the need. Chen Xianda, Supervisor of the Feathered Forest, led his troops against Mol at the Du Lao residence and routed him. At the Xuanyang imperial avenue the rebels broke and fled all at once; Mol, Wenhao, and their accomplices Jiang Boyu, Liu Zhongqian, and Ren Tianzhu were beheaded. Xu Gongyu fled back toward Xinchá; local villagers beheaded him and sent in his head. Prince Xie of Jinxi sent troops from Xiakou to pacify Xunyang; Desi's younger brothers Qingniu and Zhizang were both put to death. An edict ordered the counties of Jiankang and Moling to collect the dead from the armies and the slain rebels alike and give them all proper burial.

史臣曰：語有之，投鼠而忌器，信矣。阮佃夫、王道隆專用主命，臣行君道，識義之徒，咸思戮以馬劍。休範馳兵象魏，矢及君屋，忠臣義士，莫不銜膽爭先。夫以邪附君，猶或自免，況於仗正順以爭主哉！

The historian writes: There is a saying that when you throw at a rat you must beware of hitting the vessel—and how true that is. Ruan Tianfu and Wang Daolong monopolized the sovereign's authority and acted the ruler's part themselves; every man who understood righteousness wished to cut them down with the ceremonial sword. Xiufan drove his army to the imperial gate-tower; arrows struck the ruler's hall; loyal ministers and righteous men all clenched their resolve and raced to the fore. If even those who clung to the throne through wickedness might sometimes save themselves, how much less could one who relied on righteousness and legitimacy to seize it hope to escape!

Cite this Chapter