Volume 87 Biographies 47: Xiao Huikai, Yin Yan

列傳第四十七蕭惠開殷琰

Biographies 47: Xiao Huikai and Yin Yan

蕭惠開，南蘭陵人，征西將軍思話子也。初名慧開，後改慧為惠。少有風氣，涉獵文史，家雖貴戚，而居服簡素。初為秘書郎，著作並名家年少。惠開意趣與人多不同，比肩或三年不共語。外祖光祿大夫沛郡劉成戒之曰：「汝恩戚家子，當應將迎時俗，緝外內之歡。如汝自業，將無小傷多異，以取天下之疾患邪？」惠開曰：「人間宜相緝和，甚如慈旨。但不幸耿介，恥見作凡人，畫龍未成，故遂至於多忤耳。」轉太子舍人。與汝南周朗同官友善，以偏奇相尚。轉尚書水部郎，始興王濬征北府主簿，南徐州治中從事史，徙汝陰王友；又為南徐州別駕，中書侍郎，江夏王義恭大將軍大司馬從事中郎。

Xiao Huikai, a native of Nan Lanling, was the son of Xiao Sihua, General Who Pacifies the West. He was first named Huikai; later he changed the character hui (clever) to hui (kindness). As a young man he had force of character and read widely in letters and history. Though his clan was among the great affinal kin, he dressed and lived simply. He began as a Secretariat Gentleman, one of the gifted young men attached to the Secretariat and the Imperial Library. Huikai's temperament set him far apart from others; he might stand beside a colleague for three years without exchanging a word. His maternal grandfather Liu Cheng of Pei, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, warned him: "As a son of an imperial affinal house, you should court the customs of the day and bind up goodwill inside and outside the clan. If you keep to your own way, will you not, by countless petty frictions and eccentricities, bring the world's resentment down on your head?" Huikai replied: "It is true that men ought to live in mutual harmony, exactly as your gracious counsel urges. Yet I am unhappily stiff-necked by nature and cannot bear to be counted a common man. The dragon is still unfinished on the wall—that is why I offend so often." He was then made Attendant of the Heir Apparent. He became close with Zhou Lang of Runan, who held the same post; the two admired each other's unconventional genius. He rose through Gentleman of the Ministry of Works, Water Section; chief clerk on Prince Jun of Shixing's Pacifying-North staff; Registrar of the Southern Xu inspectorate; and Companion to the Prince of Ruyin; and later as Vice-Director of Southern Xu, Gentleman Attendant at the Palace Secretariat, and staff officer on Prince Yigong of Jiangxia's Grand Marshal and Grand General council.

孝建元年，自太子中庶子轉黃門侍郎，與侍中何偃爭積射將軍徐沖之事。偃任遇甚隆，惠開不為之屈，偃怒，使門下推彈之。惠開乃上表解職曰：「陛下未照臣愚，故引參近侍。臣以職事非長，故委能何偃，凡諸當否，不敢參議。竊見積射將軍徐沖之為偃命所黜，臣愚懷謂有可申，故聊設微異。偃恃恩使貴，欲使人靡二情，便訶脅主者。手定文案，割落臣議，專載己辭。雖天照廣臨，竟未見察臣理，違顏咫尺，致茲壅濫，則臣之受劾，蓋何足悲。但不順侍中，臣有其咎，當而行之，不知何過。且議之不允，未有彈科，省心揆天，了知在宥。臣不能謝愆右職，改意重臣，刺骨鑠金，將在朝夕。乞解所忝，保拙私庭。」時偃寵方隆，由此忤旨，別敕有司以屬疾多，免惠開官。思話素恭謹，操行與惠開不同，常以其峻異，每加嫌責。及見惠開自解表，自歎曰：「兒子不幸與周朗周旋，理應如此。」杖之二百。尋重除中庶子。

In the first year of the Xiaojian era he was promoted from Junior Mentor of the Heir Apparent to Gentleman at the Yellow Gate and clashed with Attendant-in-Ordinary He Yan over the dismissal of Rapid-Fire General Xu Chong. Yan enjoyed extraordinary favor at court, but Huikai refused to bow to him. Enraged, Yan ordered the Secretariat to investigate and impeach him. Huikai thereupon memorialized to resign, writing: "Your Majesty, not yet seeing how slow-witted I am, drew me into your intimate service. Finding myself unfit for the work, I left matters to the capable He Yan and did not venture to debate what was right or wrong. Yet I saw that Rapid-Fire General Xu Chong had been cashiered on Yan's orders; it seemed to my humble judgment that the case could be reopened, and I offered a modest objection. Yan, trusting in imperial grace, played the grand delegate; wanting no divided loyalty, he immediately hectored and intimidated the chief clerk. He personally revised the draft, struck out my comments, and entered only his own language. Though heaven's light shines wide, my argument was never seen; with Your Majesty's face within a pace, such blockage arose—if I am punished for that, I can hardly call it tragic. Yet if fault lies in not yielding to the Attendant-in-Ordinary, I own it; when the act was required, I do not know what crime was committed. Besides, the discussion was not adopted, but no charge was framed; weighing my heart against heaven, I know full well I stand within forgiveness. I cannot atone in office while bending before a powerful minister; calumny sharp enough to pierce bone and melt metal will arrive any day. I beg to be relieved of the post I dishonor and to guard my awkward self within my own gates." Yan's influence was then at its peak; Huikai had offended the throne. A special edict directed the authorities to remove him from office on the pretext that too many of his household were ill. Sihua had always been reverent and cautious; his ways differed from Huikai's, and he often reproached his son for harsh eccentricity. When he read Huikai's resignation he sighed: "The boy was ill-fated to consort with Zhou Lang; no wonder it came to this." He had him beaten two hundred strokes. Soon afterward he was reappointed Junior Mentor.

丁父艱，居喪有孝性，家素事佛，凡為父起四寺，南岸南岡下，名曰禪岡寺；曲阿舊鄉宅，名曰禪鄉寺；京口墓亭，名曰禪亭寺；所封封陽縣，名曰禪封寺。謂國僚曰：「封秩蓋鮮，而兄弟甚多，若使全關一人，則在我所讓。若使人人等分，又事可悲恥。寺眾既立，自宜悉供僧眾。」由此國秩不復下均。服除，除司徒左長史。大明二年，出為海陵王休茂北中郎長史、寧朔將軍、襄陽太守，行雍州州府事。善於為政，威行禁止。襲封封陽縣侯。還為新安王子鸞冠軍長史，行吳郡事。惠開妹當適桂陽王休範，女又當適世祖子，發遣之資，應須二千萬。乃以為豫章內史，聽其肆意聚納，由是在郡著貪暴之聲。入為尚書吏部郎，不拜，徙御史中丞。世祖與劉秀之詔曰：「今以蕭惠開為憲司，冀當稱職。但一往服領，已自殊有所震。」及在任，百僚畏憚之。

On his father's death he mourned with true filial piety. The household had long been Buddhist; for his father he founded four temples: below the southern hill on the south bank, called Chan Ridge Temple; at the ancestral home in Qu'a, Chan Village Temple; at the grave pavilion in Jingkou, Chan Pavilion Temple; and in his fief of Fengyang county, Chan Feng Temple. He told his fief staff: "The enfeoffment yields little, and my brothers are numerous. If one man took the whole income, that would be my own surrender of share. If everyone received an equal slice, the thing would be both pitiful and shameful. Now that the temples stand, the revenue ought to go entirely to the monks." After that the fief stipend was no longer divided among the household. When mourning ended he was made Left Chief Clerk of the Minister of State. In the second year of Daming he went out as chief clerk to Prince Xiumao of Hailing, General Who Pacifies the North, and Administrator of Xiangyang, with acting charge of the Yong provincial government. He governed well; his authority was felt and his bans obeyed. He inherited the marquisate of Fengyang county. He returned as Champion Chief Clerk to Prince Ziluan of Xin'an, acting as prefect of Wu commandery. His younger sister was to marry Prince Xiufan of Guiyang and his daughter a son of the reigning emperor; their send-off would cost some twenty million cash. He was therefore made Interior Governor of Yuzhang and allowed to levy as he saw fit; in the commandery he earned a name for grasping cruelty. He entered court as Gentleman of the Ministry of Personnel but declined the appointment and was transferred to Imperial Censor. The Emperor wrote to Liu Xiuzhi: "We now set Xiao Huikai over the inspectorate and expect him to fill the role. But even one prior tour in office has already set people unusually on edge." Once in post, every officer in the bureaucracy feared him.

八年，入為侍中。詔曰：「惠開前在憲司，奉法直繩，不阿權戚，朕甚嘉之。可更授御史中丞。」母憂去職。起為持節、督青冀二州諸軍事、輔國將軍、青冀二州刺史，不行。改督益、寧二州刺史，持節、將軍如故。惠開素有大志，至蜀，欲廣樹經略，善於述事，對賓僚及士人說收牂牁、越巂以為內地，綏討蠻、濮，闢地徵租；聞其言者，以為大功可立。太宗即位，進號冠軍將軍，又進平西將軍，改督為都督。晉安王子勛反，惠開乃集將佐謂之曰：「湘東太祖之昭，晉安世祖之穆，其於當璧，並無不可。但景和雖昏，本是世祖之嗣，不任社稷，其次猶多。吾奉武、文之靈，兼荷世祖之眷，今便當投袂萬里，推奉九江。」乃遣巴郡太守費欣壽領二千人東下，為巴東人任叔兒起義所邀，欣壽敗沒，陝口道不復通。更遣州治中程法度領三千人步出梁州，又為氐賊楊僧嗣所斷。

In the eighth year he became Attendant at the Imperial Secretariat. An edict read: "While Imperial Censor, Huikai enforced the law impartially and did not court powerful families; We praise this highly. Let him again be appointed Imperial Censor." He left office to mourn his mother. When recalled to service he was made Commissioner with Insignia, commander of Qing and Ji, General Who Assists the State, and inspector of both provinces, but he did not take up the post. His commission was changed to Yi and Ning, with the same insignia and rank. Huikai had long nursed grand ambitions. In Shu he meant to widen imperial strategy, was eloquent in counsel, and told retainers and local scholars of recovering Zangge and Yuexi as heartland territory, of pacifying the Man and Pu tribes, opening new lands and collecting tribute; those who listened believed magnificent deeds lay within reach. When Emperor Taizong succeeded, Huikai was promoted to General Who Establishes the Army and then to General Who Pacifies the West, and his commission was retitled from commander to governor. When Prince Zixun of Jin'an rose in rebellion, Huikai assembled his staff and said: "Prince Dong of Xiang is Taizong's son by the main house; Prince Jin'an is the late emperor's son by the consort branch—either could legitimately receive the realm. Emperor Jinghe was muddled, yet he remained the late emperor's heir; unfit for the throne, there were still others ahead. I carry the shades of Emperors Wu and Wen and the late emperor's favor alike; I shall now gird myself and march ten thousand li to set up Jiujiang." He dispatched Fei Xinshou, governor of Ba, eastward with two thousand men; Ren Shuer of Ba rose in loyalist revolt and ambushed him. Xinshou was destroyed, and the route through Shaan Pass was severed. He next sent the provincial registrar Cheng Fadu with three thousand foot soldiers toward Liang, but the Di chieftain Yang Sengsi blocked them.

先是，惠開為治，多任刑誅，蜀土咸懷猜怨。及聞欣壽沒，法度又不得前，晉原一郡遂反，於是諸郡悉應之，並來圍城。城內東兵不過二千，凡蜀人惠開疑之，皆悉遣出。子勛尋平，蜀人並欲屠城，以望厚賞。惠開每遣軍出戰，未嘗不捷，前後所摧破殺傷不可勝計。外眾逾合，勝兵者十餘萬人。時天下已平，太宗以蜀土險遠，赦其誅責，遣惠開弟惠基步道使蜀，具宣朝旨。惠基既至涪，而蜀人志在屠城，不欲使王命遠達，遏留惠基不聽進。惠基率部曲破其渠帥馬興懷等，然後得前。惠開奉旨歸順，城圍得解。

Earlier Huikai had governed chiefly through harsh punishment; the people of Shu nursed suspicion and hate. When word came that Xinshou was dead and Fadu could not get through, Jinyuan rebelled; every commandery followed, and all marched to encircle the capital. Inside the city the eastern troops were fewer than two thousand; every man of Shu whom Huikai doubted was expelled. Soon Prince Zixun was crushed; the Shu people all wanted to slaughter the city for lavish bounty. Whenever he sent troops out they never returned defeated; the enemy broken, crushed, wounded, and slain were beyond reckoning. The besieging hosts swelled; their fighting men passed a hundred thousand. The empire was already at peace; Taizong, considering Shu remote and steep, forgave the indictment and sent Huikai's brother Huikai overland to announce the full court decree. At Fu the Shu men still meant to sack Chengdu and did not want the imperial message to arrive; they held Huikai back and refused him passage. Huikai broke the band of Ma Xinghuai and the other leaders with his own following, and only then pressed on. Huikai accepted the amnesty and submitted; the encirclement dissolved.

時太宗遣惠開宗人寶首水路慰勞益州，寶首欲以平蜀為功。更獎說蜀人，於是處處蜂起，凡諸離散者，一時還合。渠帥趙燕、句文章等，與寶首屯軍於上，去成都六十里，眾號二十萬人。惠開欲遣擊之，將佐咸曰：「攻破蜀賊，誠不為難。但慰勞使至，未獲奉受，而遣兵相距，何以自明本心。」惠開曰：「今水陸四斷，表啟路絕，寶首或相誣陷，謂我不奉朝旨。我之欲戰，本在通使；使若得通，則誠心達矣。」乃作啟事，具陳事情，使腹心二人帶啟，戒之曰：「須賊破路開，便躍馬馳去。」遣永寧太守蕭惠訓、別駕費欣業萬兵並進，與戰，大破之，生禽寶首，囚於成都縣獄。所遣使至，上使執送寶首，除惠開晉平王休祐驃騎長史、南郡太守，不拜。泰始四年，還至京師。

Taizong had also sent their kinsman Baoshou by river to console Yi province; Baoshou hoped to win credit by finishing the pacification himself. He stirred the Shu people anew until revolt flared everywhere; every scattered band reunited at once. Chieftains Zhao Yan, Gou Wenzhang, and others joined Baoshou in camp sixty li above Chengdu, claiming two hundred thousand men. Huikai meant to attack them, but his officers said: "Beating the Shu rebels would not be difficult. Yet the imperial comforter has come and we have not yet received his orders; if we fight him now, how will we prove our loyalty?" Huikai said: "Land and water are blocked on every side; no memorial can get through. Baoshou may accuse me of defying the throne. I fight precisely to clear a path for the envoy; once he passes, my loyalty will be plain." He drafted a full report of events, gave it to two trusted men, and charged them: "When the enemy breaks and the road opens, spur your horses and ride." He sent Administrator Xiao Huixun of Yongning and Vice-Director Fei Xinye with ten thousand men; they won a crushing victory, took Baoshou alive, and jailed him in Chengdu county. When his messenger arrived, the throne ordered Baoshou sent to the capital; Huikai was offered champion chief clerk to Prince Xiuyou of Jinping and prefect of Nan, but declined. In the fourth year of Taishi he returned to the capital.

初，惠開府錄事參軍到希微負蜀人債將百萬，為責主所制，未得俱還。惠開與希微共事不厚，以為隨其同上，不能攜接得還，意恥之。廄中凡有馬六十匹，悉以乞希微償責，其意趣不常皆如是。先劉瑀為益州，張悅代之，瑀去任，凡所攜將佐有不樂反者，必逼制將還。語人曰：「隨我上，豈可為張悅作西門客邪！」惠開自蜀還，資財二千餘萬，悉散施道路，一無所留。

Earlier his registrar Dao Xihui owed the Shu nearly a million in cash; creditors detained him and he could not leave with the staff. Huikai had never been close to him; he felt ashamed that a man who had followed him upstream could not be brought home. He had sixty horses in the stable and gave every one to Xihui to settle the debt—his temper was always of this sort. When Liu Yu had governed Yi, Zhang Yue succeeded him; on leaving, Yu forced every reluctant subordinate to march back with him. He told them: "You came upriver with me—will you now be Zhang Yue's gate guest on the west side?" Returning from Shu with more than twenty million in goods, Huikai scattered it all along the road and kept none.

五年，又除桂陽王休範征北長史、南東海太守。其年，會稽太守蔡興宗之郡，而惠開自京口請假還都，相逢於曲阿。惠開先與興宗名位略同，又經情款，自以負釁摧屈，慮興宗不能詣己，戒勒部下：「蔡會稽部伍若借問，慎不得答。」惠開素嚴，自下莫敢違犯。興宗見惠開舟力甚盛，不知為誰，遣人歷舫訊，惠開有舫十餘，事力二三百人，皆低頭直去，無一人答者。

In the fifth year he was again champion chief clerk to Prince Xiufan of Guiyang and prefect of Eastern Hai. That year Cai Xingzong departed for Kuaiji while Huikai, on leave from Jingkou, was returning to court; they met at Qu'a. They had once been peers and friendly; now, disgraced and humbled, he feared Xingzong would not visit him and ordered his men: "If anyone from Administrator Cai of Kuaiji inquires, do not answer." Huikai was famously stern; not one subordinate dared disobey. Xingzong saw a mighty flotilla and sent men boat to boat to learn who it was. Huikai had more than ten craft and two or three hundred retainers; every man kept his head down and sailed on in silence.

復為晉平王休祐驃騎長史，太守如故。六年，除少府，加給事中。惠開素剛，至是益不得志，寺內所住齋前，有向種花草甚美，惠開悉剗除，列種白揚樹。每謂人曰：「人生不得行胸懷，雖壽百歲，猶為夭也。」發病歐血，吐如肝肺者甚多。除巴陵王休若征西長史、寧朔將軍、南郡太守，未拜。七年，卒，時年四十九。子睿嗣，齊受禪，國除。惠開與諸弟並不睦，惠基使益州，遂不相見。與同產弟惠明亦著嫌隙云。

He was again made champion chief clerk to Prince Xiuyou of Jinping, retaining the prefecture. In the sixth year he was made Minister of the Privy Purse with the added title Giver of Affairs. Huikai had always been unyielding; now he was still more thwarted. In the garden before his monastic quarters stood fine flowering plants; he uprooted them all and planted rows of white poplars instead. He would say: "If a man cannot live out what is in his heart, a hundred years of life is still an early death." He fell ill, retched blood, and brought up masses that looked like liver and lung. He was named chief clerk to Prince Xiuruo of Baling, General Who Pacifies the North, and prefect of Nan, but declined the posts. In the seventh year he died at forty-nine. His son Rui succeeded him; when the Qi dynasty took the throne, the fief was abolished. Huikai was estranged from all his brothers; once Huikai was posted to Yi, they never saw one another again. He was said to be at sharp odds even with his uterine brother Huiming.

殷琰，陳郡長平人也。父道鸞，衡陽王義季右軍長史。琰少為太祖所知，見遇與琅邪王景文相埒。初為江夏王義恭征北行參軍，始興王濬後軍主簿，出為鄱陽、晉熙太守，豫州治中從事史，廬陵內史。臧質反，棄郡奔北皖。琰性有計數，欲進退保全，故不還都邑。事平，坐繫尚方，頃之被宥。除海陵王國郎中令，不拜。臨海王子頊為冠軍將軍、吳興太守，以琰為錄事參軍，行郡事。復為豫州別駕，太宰戶曹屬，丹陽丞，尚書左丞，少府，尋陽王子房冠軍司馬，行南豫州，隨府轉右軍司馬，又徙巴陵王休若左軍司馬。

Yin Yan was a native of Changping in Chen commandery. His father Dao Luan had been Right Army Chief Clerk to Prince Jiji of Hengyang. The Founder noticed Yan in his youth and favored him almost as much as Prince Jingwen of Langye. He began as Pacifying-North staff officer to Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, then rear-army chief clerk to Prince Jun of Shixing, then prefect of Poyang and Jinxī, Xu registrar, and interior governor of Luling. When Zang Zhi rebelled, he abandoned his post and fled to North Wan. Yan was shrewd by nature and meant to keep his options open, so he did not go back to the capital. After the rebellion ended he was held in the Imperial Workshop, then soon pardoned. He was offered chief commandant of the Principality of Hailing but declined. When Prince Zixiang of Linhai became General Who Establishes the Army and prefect of Wuxing, Yan served as recorder with acting charge of the commandery. He was Xu vice-director, staff in the Grand Mentor's household office, Danyang assistant magistrate, Secretariat left assistant, privy purse minister, champion staff officer to Prince Zifang of Xunyang with acting Southern Xu, then right-army staff officer on the prince's staff, and finally left-army staff officer to Prince Xiuruo of Baling.

前廢帝永光元年，除黃門侍郎，出為山陽王休祐右軍長史、南梁郡太守。休祐入朝，琰仍行府州事。太宗泰始元年，以休祐為荊州，欲以吏部郎張岱為豫州刺史。會晉安王子勛反，即以琰督豫、司二州、南豫州之梁郡諸軍事、建武將軍、豫州刺史，以西汝陰太守龐道隆為琰長史，殿中將軍劉順為司馬。順勸琰同子勛。琰家累在京邑。意欲奉順，而土人前右軍參軍杜叔寶、前陳南頓二郡太守皇甫道烈、道烈從弟前馬頭太守景度、前汝南潁川二郡太守龐天生、前睢陽令夏侯季子等，並勸琰同逆。琰素無部曲，門義不過數人，無以自立，受制於叔寶等。太宗遣冗從僕射柳倫領軍助，驃騎大將軍山陽王休祐又遣中兵參軍鄭瑗說琰令還。二人至，即與叔寶合。叔寶者，杜坦之子，既土豪鄉望，內外諸軍事並專之。

In the first year of Yongguang under the Deposed Emperor he became Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, then right-army chief clerk to Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang and prefect of Nanliang. When Xiuyou went to court, Yan continued to run the princely headquarters and the province. In Taizong's first year Xiuyou was shifted to Jing, and the court meant to appoint Ministry of Personnel Gentleman Zhang Dai inspector of Yu. When Prince Zixun of Jin'an rose, Yan was made commander of Yu and Si and of Liang in Southern Xu, General Who Establishes Martial Might, and Yu inspector; Pang Daolong of Western Ruyin became his chief clerk and Liu Shun of the palace guard his marshal. Shun pressed Yan to side with Zixun. Yan's whole family remained in the capital. He meant to obey Shun, but local strongmen—former staff officer Du Shubao, former prefect Huangfu Daolie of Chen and Nandun, Daolie's cousin former Matou prefect Jingdu, former Runan and Yingchuan prefect Pang Tiansheng, former Suiyang magistrate Xiahou Jizi, and others—all pushed him toward rebellion. Yan had no private troops and only a handful of household retainers; unable to stand alone, he fell under Shubao's control. Taizong sent Supernumerary Attendant Liu Lun with reinforcements, and Grand General Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang sent staff officer Zheng Yuan to call Yan back. Both men, on arrival, threw in with Shubao. Shubao, son of Du Tan, was the leading local magnate and kept every military matter in his own hands.

弋陽太守卜天生據郡同逆，斷梁州獻馬得百餘匹。邊城令宿僧護起義斬天生，傳首京邑。太宗嘉之，以為龍驤將軍，封建興縣侯，食邑三百戶。時綏戎將軍、汝南、新蔡二郡太守周矜起義於懸瓠，收兵得千餘人。袁顗遺信誘矜司馬汝南人常珍奇，以金鈴為信。珍奇即日斬矜，送首詣顗，顗以珍奇為汝南、新蔡二郡太守。太宗追贈矜本官，以義陽內史龐孟虯為司州刺史，領隨郡太守。孟虯不受命，起兵同子勛。子勛召孟虯出尋陽，而以孟虯子定光行義陽郡事。

Bu Tiansheng, prefect of Yiyang, joined the revolt, seized over a hundred tribute horses bound for Liang province, and held the commandery. Su Sengdu, magistrate of Biancheng, rose in loyalist revolt, killed Tiansheng, and sent his head to the capital. Taizong rewarded him with the title General of the Dragon Host and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Jianxing with three hundred households. Meanwhile Zhou Jin, General Who Pacifies the Rong and prefect of Runan and Xincai, rebelled at Xuanhu and mustered over a thousand men. Yuan Yi sent Chang Zhenqi, Jin's Runan marshal, a letter of enticement with a gold bell as pledge. Zhenqi killed Jin the same day, sent his head to Yi, and Yi appointed Zhenqi prefect of Runan and Xincai. Taizong restored Jin's former rank posthumously and named Pang Mengjiao of Yiyang interior governor inspector of Si, with acting charge of Suixiang. Mengjiao refused the order and took arms for Zixun. Zixun called Mengjiao to Xunyang and left his son Dingguang to govern Yiyang.

太宗知琰逼迫土人，事不獲已，猶欲羈縻之。以琰兄前中書郎瑗為司徒右長史，子邈為山陽王休祐驃騎參軍。子勛遣使以琰為輔國將軍、梁郡太守，後又加豫州，假節督南豫數郡。杜叔寶求琰上佐，龐道隆慮其為禍，乃請奉表使尋陽。琰即以叔寶為長史、梁郡太守。休祐步入朝，家內猶分停壽陽，琰資給供贍，事盡豐厚。

Taizong knew Yan was coerced by the locals and still hoped to win him back. He promoted Yan's brother, former secretariat gentleman Yuan, to right chief clerk of the Minister of State, and Yan's son Miao to staff officer on Prince Xiuyou's council. Zixun's agents made Yan General Who Assists the State and Liang prefect, then added Yu province with acting insignia over several southern Xu districts. Shubao demanded a senior aide; Daolong, fearing trouble, asked to carry a memorial to Xunyang. Yan then made Shubao chief clerk and Liang prefect. Xiuyou had gone to court while his family remained at Shouyang; Yan furnished them with lavish support.

二年正月，太宗遣輔國將軍劉勔率寧朔將軍呂安國西討，休祐出鎮歷陽，為諸軍總統。時徐州刺史薛安都亦據彭城反，募能生禽琰、安都，封千戶縣侯，賜布絹各二千匹。二月，勔進軍小峴。初，合肥戍主、南汝陰太守薛元寶委郡奔子勛，前太守朱輔之據城歸順。琰遣攻輔之，輔之敗走。琰以前右軍參軍裴季為南汝陰太守，季又歸順，太宗即而授之。琰所用象縣令許道蓮亦率二百人歸降，太宗以為馬頭太守。三月，上又遣寧朔將軍劉懷珍、段僧愛、龍驤將軍姜產之馬步三軍，助勔討琰。義軍主黃回募江西楚人千餘，斬子勛所置馬頭太守王廣元，以回為龍驤將軍。淮西人前奉朝請鄭墨率子弟部曲及淮右郡起義於陳郡城，有眾一萬，太宗以為司州刺史。後虜寇淮西，戰敗見殺，追贈冠軍將軍。

In the second year, first month, Taizong sent Liu Yan, General Who Assists the State, west with Lü Anguo, General Who Pacifies the North; Xiuyou took the field at Liyang as overall commander. Xue Andu, Xu inspector, also held Pengcheng in revolt; the throne promised a thousand-household marquisate and two thousand bolts of silk to whoever captured Yan or Andu alive. In the second month Liu Yan marched to Little Xian. The Hefei garrison chief and Southern Ruyin prefect Xue Yuanbao had earlier deserted to Zixun; former prefect Zhu Fuzhi held the city for the court. Yan attacked Fuzhi, who was beaten and fled. Yan named Pei Ji, a former right-army staff officer, Southern Ruyin prefect; when Ji defected, Taizong confirmed him. Xu Daolian, Yan's magistrate of Xiang, also surrendered with two hundred men and was made Matou prefect. In the third month the court sent Liu Huaizhen and Duan Song'ai, Generals Who Pacify the North, and Jiang Chanzi, General of the Dragon Host, with horse and foot to reinforce Liu Yan against Yin Yan. Loyalist leader Huang Hui raised a thousand-odd western Jiang Chu fighters, killed Zixun's Matou prefect Wang Guangyuan, and was made General of the Dragon Host. Former Court Gentleman Zheng Mo of western Huai led kin, retainers, and Huai-west commanderies in revolt at Chen city with ten thousand men and was named Si inspector. Later he was killed fighting northern raiders in Huai west and was posthumously made General Who Establishes the Army.

是月，劉順、柳倫、皇甫道烈、龐天生等馬步八千人，東據宛唐，去壽陽三百里。勔率眾軍並進，去順數里立營。在道遇雨，旦始至，壘塹未立，順欲擊之。時琰所遣諸軍並受節度，而以皇甫道烈、土豪柳倫，臺之所遣，順本卑微，不宜統督，唯二軍不受命。至是道烈、倫不同，順不能獨進，乃止。既而勔營壘漸立，不可復攻，因相持守。四月，勔錄事參軍王起、前部賊曹參軍甄澹等五人委勔奔順，順因此出軍攻勔。順幢主樊僧整與臺馬軍主驃騎中兵參軍段僧愛交矟鬥，僧整刺僧愛，殺之，追贈屯騎校尉。僧愛勇冠三軍，軍中並懼。太宗又遣太尉司馬垣閎率軍來會，步兵校尉龐沈之助裴季戍合肥。初，淮南人周伯符說休祐求起義兵，休祐不許，固請，乃遣之。杖策單行，至安豐，收得八百餘人，於淮西為遊兵。珍奇所置弋陽太守郭確遣將軍郭慈孫擊伯符於金丘，琰又遣中兵參軍杜叔寶助之。慈孫等為伯符所敗，並投水死。太宗以伯符為驃騎參軍。

That month Shun, Lun, Daolie, Tiansheng, and others held Wanyang with eight thousand troops, three hundred li from Shouyang. Liu Yan advanced with the main force and camped a few li from Shun. Rain slowed the march; they arrived at dawn with ditches unfinished, and Shun meant to strike at once. Yan's detachments were nominally under his orders, but Daolie and Lun answered to the court, and the low-born Shun was unfit for supreme command—only those two forces refused obedience. Daolie and Lun would not move; Shun could not attack alone and held back. Soon Liu Yan's camp was fortified beyond assault, and the two sides settled into a standoff. In the fourth month Liu Yan's recorder Wang Qi and five others, including former bandit-suppression clerk Zhen Dan, defected to Shun, who then attacked Liu Yan. Shun's standard-bearer Fan Zhengzheng duelled court cavalry leader Duan Song'ai and killed him; Song'ai was posthumously made Colonel of the Garrison Cavalry. Song'ai had been the bravest man in the army, and his death shook the whole force. Taizong sent staff officer Yuan Hong of the Grand Marshal's office with reinforcements and Infantry Commandant Pang Shenzhi to aid Pei Ji at Hefei. Earlier Zhou Bofu of Huainan had begged Xiuyou for leave to raise loyalist troops; Xiuyou refused until Bofu pressed hard, then let him go. He walked alone to Anfeng, collected eight hundred-odd men, and harried the Huai west as a roving band. Guo Que, Zhenqi's Yiyang prefect, sent Guo Cisun against Bofu at Jinqiu; Yan also sent Shubao to help. Cisun was routed; he and his men drowned themselves. Taizong made Bofu a grand-general staff officer.

叔寶本謂臺軍停住歷陽不辦進，順等至，無不瓦解，唯齎一月日糧。既與勔相持，軍食盡，報叔寶送食；叔寶乃發車千五百乘，載米餉順，自以五千精兵防送之。勔聞之，軍副呂安國曰：「劉順精甲八千，而我眾不能居半，相持既久，強弱勢殊，苟復推遷，則無以自立，所賴在彼糧將竭，我食有餘耳。若使叔寶米至，非唯難可復圖，我亦不能持久。今唯有間道襲其米車，出彼不意。若能制之，將不戰走矣。」勔以為然，乃以疲弱守營，簡選千百精手，配安國及軍主黃回等，間路出順後，於橫塘抄之。安國始行，計叔寶尋至，止齎二日熟食，食盡，叔寶不至，將士並欲還。安國曰：「卿等旦已一食，今晚米車不容不至。若其不至，夜去不晚。」叔寶果至，以米車為函箱陣，叔寶於外為遊軍，幢主楊仲懷領五百人居前，與安國、回等相會。仲懷部曲並欲退就叔寶，并力擊安國。仲懷曰：「賊至不擊，復欲何待？且統軍在後，政三二里間，比吾交手，何憂不至。」即便前戰，回所領並淮南楚子，天下精兵，眾力既倍，合戰，便破之。於陣殺仲懷，仲懷所領五百人死盡。叔寶至，而仲懷及士卒伏屍蔽野，回等欲乘勝擊之，安國曰：「彼將自走，不假復擊。」退軍三十里止宿，夜遣騎參候，叔寶果棄米車奔走。安國即復夜往，燒米車，驅牛二千餘頭而還。劉順聞米車見燒，叔寶又走，五月一日夜，眾潰，奔還壽陽，仍走淮西就常珍奇。勔於是方軌而進。

Shubao had assumed the imperial army would stay at Liyang and that Shun's arrival would make everything collapse; he sent only a month's grain. Stalemated with Liu Yan, Shun's grain ran out and he begged Shubao for supplies; Shubao dispatched fifteen hundred grain carts for Shun and escorted them with five thousand elite troops. Liu Yan heard this and his deputy Lü Anguo said: "Shun has eight thousand armored veterans and we are fewer than half his strength. The standoff has gone on too long; if we wait we cannot hold. Our hope is that their grain fails while ours still holds. If Shubao's grain gets through, we can neither win nor last. We must take a hidden road and strike the convoy by surprise. Seize the grain and they will run without a battle." Liu Yan agreed, left weak troops in camp, picked a thousand veterans under Anguo and Huang Hui, and stole behind Shun to ambush the convoy at Hengtang. Anguo reckoned Shubao was near and carried only two days' rations; when these were gone and Shubao still absent, his men wanted to turn back. Anguo said: "You have eaten once today; tonight the carts must come. If they do not, we can withdraw after dark." Shubao came, drew the carts into a box formation, screened them with a flying column, and sent Yang Zhonghuai with five hundred men ahead to meet Anguo and Hui. Zhonghuai's men wanted to fall back on Shubao and hit Anguo together. Zhonghuai said: "The enemy is here—why hold back? What are you waiting for? The main army is two or three li behind; once we engage, they will come." He charged; Hui's Huainan Chu were the finest fighters in the empire, and at double strength they shattered the van at once. Zhonghuai fell in the fight and all five hundred of his men were killed. Shubao arrived to find the field heaped with dead; Hui wanted to press the attack, but Anguo said: "They will run on their own—no need to strike again. They withdrew thirty li and camped; night scouts found Shubao had abandoned the carts and fled. Anguo returned by night, burned the carts, and drove off more than two thousand cattle. Hearing the convoy was burned and Shubao fled, Shun's army collapsed on the night of the first of the fifth month; they fled to Shouyang and then west to join Chang Zhenqi. Liu Yan then marched in full array on Shouyang.

叔寶斂居民及散卒，嬰城自守。勔與諸軍分營城外，黃回立航渡肥水。叔寶遣馬步三千，欲破航，並柵斷小峴埭，回擊大破之，焚其船柵。

Shubao rallied townsfolk and broken troops and shut himself in the city. Liu Yan ringed the city with camps while Huang Hui threw a pontoon bridge across the Fei. Shubao sent three thousand men to destroy the bridge and bar the Little Xian sluice; Hui routed them and burned their boats and palisades.

休祐與琰書曰：「君本文弱，素無武幹，是遠近所悉，且名器清顯，不應復有分外希覬。近者之事，當是劫於凶豎，不能守節。今大軍長驅，已造城下，勢孤援絕，禍敗交至，顧昔情款，猶有惻然。聖上垂天地之仁，開不世之澤，好生惡殺，遐邇所聞。顧琛、王曇生等皆軍敗迸走，披草乞活，尚蒙恩恕，晏處私門。今神鋒所臨，前無橫陳，況窮城弱眾，殘傷之餘，而欲自固乎！若開門歸順，自可不失富貴；將佐小大，並保榮爵。何故苟困士民，自求齏膾，身膏斧鑊，妻息並盡，老兄垂白，東市受刑邪！幸自思之。信言不爽，有如皎日。」上又遣王道隆齎詔宥琰罪。

Xiuyou wrote to Yan: "You have always been known as a man of letters, not a soldier, and your rank is already high; you should not harbor further ambition. What you have done lately was surely forced on you by ruffians—you could not keep your loyalty. The imperial host is at the walls; you are alone and cut off, ruin upon you—and yet, remembering old friendship, I am still moved to pity. The emperor's mercy spans heaven and earth; his grace is unmatched; he loves life and abhors slaughter—the whole realm knows it. Gu Chen, Wang Tansheng, and others fled defeated, crawled through the grass to beg their lives, and were pardoned to live quietly at home. Where the imperial blades point, nothing blocks their path—will a broken garrison in a doomed city still try to hold out? Open the gates and submit, and you may keep your wealth and rank; and every officer, high or low, will keep his honors. Why torment soldiers and civilians, court the chopping block, doom your wife and children, and send your white-haired elder brother to die at the eastern market! Think on this yourself. My word stands as clear as the noon sun." The emperor also sent Wang Daolong with an edict pardoning Yan's offenses.

勔又與琰書曰：「昔景和凶悖，行絕人倫，昏虐險穢，諫諍杜塞，遂殘毀陵廟，芟刈百僚，縱毒窮凶，靡有紀極。于時人神回遑，莫能自保，中外士庶，咸願一匡。予職在直衛，目所備睹。主上神機天發，指麾克定，橫流塗炭，一朝太平，扶危拯急，實冠終古。而四方持疑，成此乖逆，資斧所臨，每從偃簡。足下以衣冠華胄，信槩夙昭，附戾從違，猶見容養。賢兄長史，階升清列；賢子參軍，亦塞國網。間者進軍宛唐，計由劉順，退眾閉城，當時未了。過蒙朝恩，謬充將帥，蚤承風素，情有依然。今皇威遠申，三方蹙弱，勝敗之勢，皎然可覽。王御史昨至，主上敕、驃騎教、賢兄賢子書，今悉遣送。百代以來，未有弘恩曲宥，乃至於此。且朝廷方宣示大義，惟新王道，何容摽虛辭於士女，失國信於一州。以足下明識淵見，想必不俟終日。如其孤背亭毒，弗忌屠陷者，便當窮兵肆武，究法極刑。將恐貴門無復祭祀之主，墳壟乏掃灑之望。進謝忠臣，退慚孝子，名實兩喪，沒有餘責。扶力略白，幸加研覽。」琰本無反心，事由力屈，叔寶等有降意，前後屢遣送誠箋，而眾心持疑，莫能相一，故歸順之計，每多愆塞，嬰城愈固。弋陽西山蠻田益之起義，攻郭確於弋陽，以益之為輔國將軍，督弋陽西山事。六月，勔築長圍始合。田益之率蠻眾萬餘人攻龐定光於義陽，定光遣從兄文生拒之，為益之所破，見殺，遂圍其城。定光求救於子勛，子勛以定光父孟虯為司州刺史，率精兵五千救義陽，并解壽陽之圍。常珍奇又自懸瓠遣三千人援定光，屯軍柳水。益之不戰，望風奔散。孟虯乘勝進軍向壽陽。初，常珍奇遣周當、垣式寶率數百人送仗與琰。式寶驍勇絕眾，因留守北門，乃率所領，開門掩襲勔，入其營；勔逃避得免，式寶得勔衣帽而去。勔於是乃豎長圍，治攻道於東南角，並填塹。東南角有高樓，隊主趙法進計曰：「外若進攻，必先攻樓，樓頹落，既傷將士，又使人情沮壞，不如先自毀之。」從其言。勔用草茅苞土，擲以塞塹。擲者如雲，城內乃以火箭射之，草未及燃，後土續至，一二日，塹便欲滿。趙法進復獻計，以鐵珠子灌之。珠子流滑，悉緣隙得入，草於是火燃，二日間草盡，塹中土不過二三寸。勔乃作大蝦蟆車載土，牛皮蒙之，三百人推以塞塹。琰戶曹參軍虞挹之造碻車，擊之以石，車悉破壞。

Liu Yan also wrote to Yan: "Emperor Jinghe was savage and unnatural, cruel and depraved; he silenced all counsel, desecrated the ancestral temples, slaughtered the bureaucracy, and indulged evil without limit. Men and gods alike were in turmoil; court and country longed for deliverance. I served in the palace guard and saw it all with my own eyes. Our lord's genius answered heaven; with a gesture he stilled the flood of blood and ash and restored peace in a day—such rescue of a tottering realm has no parallel in history. Yet the provinces hesitated and rebellion spread; wherever the imperial armies marched, mercy followed. You are a gentleman of eminent house and long-proven honor; even in siding with rebellion you have been treated with forbearance. Your brother the chief clerk has been promoted into the highest offices; your son the staff officer also holds a post in the imperial service. The recent move on Wanyang was Shun's doing; the force withdrew and shut the gates, and the affair was left unsettled. I have been undeservedly honored as commander, yet I have known you long and my regard is unchanged. Imperial might now fills the realm; the rebel zones shrink; who will win is plain to see. Imperial Censor Wang has arrived with the emperor's decree, the grand general's order, and letters to your brother and son—all enclosed. In a hundred generations there has never been mercy so broad. The court is proclaiming a new order; how can you parade false promises to your people and forfeit the empire's trust in a whole province? A man of your insight will surely not wait until the last hour. If you stubbornly reject this mercy and do not fear annihilation, we shall unleash the full force of arms and the utmost penalties of law. Your clan may lack heirs to tend the ancestral rites, your graves none to sweep. You will fail as a loyal servant and shame yourself as a filial son; fame and duty alike destroyed, you will have nothing left. Fu Li offers this brief word and asks you to consider it carefully. Yan had never meant to rebel but was overpowered; Shubao and others wished to surrender and sent repeated pledges of loyalty, yet the garrison could not agree, so every plan to submit failed and the defense only hardened. Tian Yizhi, a tribal leader of western Yiyang, rebelled against Guo Que and was made General Who Assists the State with charge of western Yiyang. In the sixth month Liu Yan completed the long encirclement. Tian Yizhi led ten thousand-odd tribesmen against Pang Dingguang at Yiyang; Dingguang's cousin Wensheng resisted, was defeated and killed, and Yizhi besieged the city. Dingguang called on Zixun, who made his father Mengjiao Si inspector and sent five thousand elite troops to relieve Yiyang and break the siege of Shouyang. Chang Zhenqi sent three thousand men from Xuanhu to reinforce Dingguang at Liushui. Yizhi fled without fighting. Mengjiao marched on Shouyang in triumph. Earlier Chang Zhenqi had sent Zhou Dang and Yuan Shibao with several hundred men to bring arms to Yan. Shibao was exceptionally bold; left to hold the north gate, he sallied out, surprised Liu Yan's camp, and broke in; Liu Yan escaped; Shibao seized his hat and cloak and withdrew. Liu Yan then tightened the siege, opened assault lanes at the southeast corner, and began filling the moat. A tall tower stood at the southeast corner; squad leader Zhao Fujin said: "The attackers will strike the tower first; when it falls it will kill our men and break morale—better destroy it ourselves. They did so. Liu Yan hurled bundles of straw-wrapped earth into the moat. The bundles flew like clouds; the defenders shot fire arrows, but before the straw caught, fresh earth kept coming; within two days the moat was nearly filled. Zhao Fujin proposed pouring iron pellets onto the bundles. The beads slipped through every gap; the straw ignited and burned away in two days, leaving only two or three inches of earth in the moat. Liu Yan built great "toad carts" laden with earth, covered in oxhide, and pushed by three hundred men to fill the moat. Yu's household officer Yu Yizhi built stone-throwing engines and smashed every cart.

初，廬江太守王子仲棄郡奔尋陽，廬江人起義，休祐遣員外散騎侍郎陸悠之助之。劉胡遣其輔國將軍薛道摽渡江煽動群蠻，規自廬江掩襲歷陽，悠之眾弱，退保譙城。司徒建安王休仁遣參軍沈靈寵馳據廬江，道摽後一日方至，悠之自譙城來會，因與道摽相持。七月，龐孟虯至弋陽，勔遣呂安國、垣閎、龍驤將軍陳顯達、驃騎參軍孟次陽拒之。孟虯軍副呂興壽與安國有舊，率所領降。安國進軍，破孟虯於蓼潭，義軍主陳肫又破之於汝水，孟虯走向義陽；義陽已為王玄謨子曇善起義所據，乃逃於蠻中。淮西人鄭叔舉起義擊常珍奇，以為北豫州刺史。

Earlier Lujiang prefect Wang Zizhong had deserted to Xunyang; the people of Lujiang rebelled, and Xiuyou sent secretariat gentleman Lu Youzhi to help them. Liu Hu sent Xue Daobiao, General Who Assists the State, across the Yangzi to rouse the tribes and strike Liyang from Lujiang; Youzhi, outnumbered, fell back to Qiao. Prince Xiuren of Jian'an sent Shen Lingchong to seize Lujiang; Daobiao arrived a day late; Youzhi marched from Qiao to join Shen, and the two held Daobiao at bay. In the seventh month Mengjiao reached Yiyang; Liu Yan sent Lü Anguo, Yuan Hong, Chen Xianda, and Meng Ciyang against him. Mengjiao's deputy Lü Xingshou, an old friend of Anguo's, surrendered with his command. Anguo routed Mengjiao at Liaotan; loyalist leader Chen Tun beat him again on the Ru; Mengjiao fled toward Yiyang; Yiyang was already held by Wang Xuamo's son Tanshan, who had risen in revolt, so Mengjiao fled among the tribes. Zheng Shuju of western Huai rebelled against Chang Zhenqi and was made Northern Yu inspector.

八月，皇甫道烈、柳倫等二十一人聞孟虯敗，並開門出降。勔因此又與琰書曰：「柳倫來奔，具相申述，方承足下跡纏穢亂，心秉忠誠，惘默窮愁，不親戎政。去冬開天之始，愚迷者多，如足下流比，進非社稷宗臣，退無顧命寄託，朝廷既不偏相嫌責，足下亦復無所獨愧。程天祚已舉城歸順，龐孟虯又繼跡奔亡，劉胡困於錢溪，袁顗欲戰不得，推理揆勢，亦安能久。且南方初起，連州十六，擁徒百萬，仲春以來，無戰不北，摧陷殄滅，十無一二。南憑袁顗弱卒，北恃足下孤城，以茲定業，恐萬無一理。方今國網疏略，示舉宏維，比日相白，想亦已具矣。且倫等皆是足下腹心牙爪，所以攜手相捨，非有怨恨也，了知事不可濟，禍害已及故耳。夫擁數千烏合，抗天下之兵，傾覆之狀，豈不易曉。假令六蔽之人，猶當不為其事，況復足下少祖名教，疾沒世無稱者邪。所以復有此白者，實惜華州重鎮，鞠為茂草，兼傷貴門一日屠滅。足下若能封府庫，開四門，宣語文武，示以禍福，先遣咫尺之書，表達誠款，然後素車白馬，來詣轅門，若令足下髮膚不全，兒姪彫耗者，皇天后土，實聞此言。至辭不華，寧復多白。」

In the eighth month Daolie, Lun, and twenty-one others, hearing of Mengjiao's defeat, opened their gates and surrendered. Liu Yan wrote again: "Lun has defected and told me everything. I understand you are caught in rebellion against your will, loyal at heart but silent and withdrawn from command. When the new reign began last winter many were confused; men like you were neither great ministers of state nor bearers of a deathbed charge—the court does not single you out for blame, and you need not bear unique guilt. Cheng Tianzuo has surrendered his city; Mengjiao is in flight; Liu Hu is trapped at Qianxi; Yuan Yi cannot give battle—judge the trend and see it cannot endure. The southern revolt began with sixteen provinces and a million men; since mid-spring every battle has been lost; nine in ten are destroyed. With Yuan Yi's feeble force in the south and your lone city in the north, to build an empire on that has not one chance in ten thousand. The realm is being reordered on a grand scale; you have already heard the full report in recent days. Lun and the others were your closest lieutenants; they left not from spite but because they saw the cause was doomed and ruin at hand. A few thousand rabble against the armies of the empire—how collapse looks is not hard to see. Even a blind fool would refuse this course—how much less a man bred on the classics who dreads leaving no name behind! I write again because I pity this great fortress of Huazhou turning to wasteland and your noble house wiped out in a day. Seal the treasuries, open the gates, tell your officers the choice before them, send a letter of submission, then come in the white cart of surrender—if I harm a hair on your head or one of your kin, let heaven and earth witness my oath. I will not embellish further."

薛道摽猶在廬江，劉胡又分兵揚聲向壽陽及合肥。勔遣許道蓮馳赴合肥，助裴季文，又遣黃回、孟次陽乃屯騎校尉段佛榮、武衛將軍王廣之繼之。道摽率其黨薛元寶等攻合肥，勔所遣諸軍未至，為道摽所陷，季文及武衛將軍葉慶祖力戰死之。勔馳遣垣閎總統諸軍攻合肥。是月，劉胡敗走，尋陽平定。太宗遣叔寶從父弟季文至琰城下，與叔寶語，說四方已定，勸令時降。叔寶曰：「我乃信汝，恐為人所誑耳！」叔寶閉絕子勛敗問，有傳者即殺之。時琰子邈東在京邑，繫建康，太宗送邈與琰，令說南賊已平之問，自建康出，便防送就道。議者以為宜聽邈與伯父瑗私相見，不爾無以解城內之惑，不從。邈至，叔寶等果疑，守備方固。十月，薛道摽突圍，與十餘騎走奔淮西，投常珍奇，薛元寶歸降。

Daobiao still held Lujiang while Liu Hu feigned marches on Shouyang and Hefei. Liu Yan rushed Xu Daolian to aid Pei Jiwen at Hefei, then sent Huang Hui, Meng Ciyang, Duan Furong, and Wang Guangzhi in support. Daobiao attacked Hefei with Yuanbao before Liu Yan's reinforcements arrived; Jiwen and Ye Qingzu were killed in fierce fighting. Liu Yan hurried Yuan Hong to take overall command at Hefei. That month Liu Hu was routed and Xunyang fell. Taizong sent Shubao's cousin Jiwen to parley under the walls, saying the realm was pacified and urging surrender. Shubao said: "I might trust you, but I fear others are deceiving me!" Shubao suppressed all news of Zixun's defeat and killed anyone who spread it. Yan's son Miao was held at Jiankang; Taizong sent him to his father with word that the south was pacified, under guard from the moment he left the capital. Counsel held that Miao should be allowed to meet his uncle Yuan privately to clear the garrison's doubts; the court refused. When Miao arrived, Shubao and the rest only grew more suspicious and tightened the defense. In the tenth month Daobiao broke out with a dozen horsemen, fled west to join Chang Zhenqi, and Yuanbao surrendered.

先是，晉熙太守閻湛之據郡同逆，至是沈靈寵自廬江攻之。湛之未知尋陽已敗，固守不降。靈寵乃取諸將破劉胡文書置車中，攻城偽敗，棄車而走。湛之得書大駭，其夜奔逃。十一月，常珍奇乞降，慮不見納，又求救於索虜。太宗即以珍奇為司州刺史，領汝南、新蔡二郡太守。虜亦遣偽帥張窮奇騎萬匹救之。十二月，虜至汝南，珍奇開門納虜，淮西七縣民並連營南奔，劉順亦棄虜歸順。

Earlier Jinxī prefect Yan Zhenzhi had joined the rebellion; Shen Lingchong now attacked him from Lujiang. Zhenzhi, unaware that Xunyang had fallen, held out. Lingchong loaded a cart with documents of Liu Hu's defeat, feigned a rout at the walls, and abandoned the cart in flight. Zhenzhi read the papers, was terrified, and fled that night. In the eleventh month Chang Zhenqi offered to surrender but, fearing refusal, also called on the northern Wei. Taizong immediately confirmed Zhenqi as Si inspector and prefect of Runan and Xincai. The Wei also sent their general Zhang Qiongqi with ten thousand cavalry to his aid. In the twelfth month the Wei reached Runan; Zhenqi admitted them; seven Huai-west counties fled south in bands; Liu Shun also abandoned the Wei and submitted.

南賊降者，太宗並送琰城下，令與城內交言，由是人情沮喪。琰將降，先送休祐內人出城，然後開門。時琰有疾，以板自輿，與諸將帥面縛請罪。勔並撫宥，無所誅戮，自將帥以下，財物資貨，皆以還之，纖毫無所失。虜騎救琰，至師水，聞城陷，乃破義陽，殺掠數千人而去。垣式寶尋復反叛，投常珍奇。以平琰功，劉懷珍封艾縣侯，食邑四百戶，垣閎樂鄉縣侯，孟次陽攸縣子，王廣之蒲圻縣子，陳顯達彭澤縣子，呂安國鍾武縣子，食邑各三百戶，黃回葛陽縣男，食邑二百戶。送琰及偽節還京都。

Taizong paraded southern defectors before the walls to speak with the garrison, and morale inside collapsed. Yan, about to surrender, first sent out Xiuyou's family, then opened the gates. Yan was ill and was carried on a litter; he and his officers came out bound to beg pardon. Liu Yan pardoned them all without executions and returned every item of property down to the last scrap. Wei cavalry marching to relieve Yan reached Shishui, learned the city had fallen, sacked Yiyang, killed thousands, and withdrew. Yuan Shibao soon rebelled again and joined Chang Zhenqi. For pacifying Yan, Huaizhen was made Marquis of Ai with four hundred households; Hong Marquis of Lexiang; Ciyang Viscount of You; Guangzhi Viscount of Puqi; Xianda Viscount of Pengze; Anguo Viscount of Zhongwu, each with three hundred households; Hui Baron of Geyang with two hundred. Yan and the rebel insignia were sent to the capital.

史臣曰：夫求忠臣必於孝子之門，蓋以類得之也。昔啟方說主，跡表遺親，鄧攸淳行，愛兼猶子，雖稟分參差，情紀難一，而均薄等厚，未之或偏。惠開親禮雖篤，弟隙尤著，方寸之內，孝友異情，險於山川，有驗於此也。

The historian remarks: Loyal ministers are sought among filial sons, for like draws like. Qi Fang won his ruler's favor yet abandoned his kin; Deng You was pure in conduct and loved his nephew as a son—though gifts differed and feelings were uneven, they still strove for fairness. Huikai was dutiful in ceremony toward kin, yet his rift with his brothers was glaring; within one breast filial piety and brotherly love pulled apart—more impassable than mountains—and this chapter proves it.

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