Volume 88 Biographies 48: Xue Andou, Shen Wenxiu, Cui Daogu

列傳第四十八薛安都沈文秀崔道固

Biography 48: Xue Andou, Shen Wenxiu, and Cui Daogu

薛安都，河東汾陰人也。世為強族，同姓有三千家。父廣，為宗豪，高祖定關、河，以為上黨太守。安都少以勇聞，身長七尺八寸，便弓馬。索虜使助秦州刺史北賀汨擊反胡白龍子，滅之。由是為偽雍、秦二州都統，州各有刺史，都統總其事。元嘉二十一年，索虜主拓跋燾擊芮芮大敗，安都與宗人薛永宗起義，永宗營汾曲，安都襲得弘農。會北地人蓋吳起兵，遂連衡相應。燾自率眾擊永宗，滅其族，進擊蓋吳。安都料眾寡不敵，率壯士辛靈度等，棄弘農歸國。太祖延見之，求北還構扇河、陝，招聚義眾。上許之，給錦百匹，雜繒三百匹。復襲弘農，虜已增戍，城不可克，蓋吳又死，乃退還上洛。世祖鎮襄陽，板為揚武將軍、北弘農太守。虜漸強盛，安都乃歸襄陽。從叔沈亦同歸國，官至綏遠將軍、新野太守。

Xue Andou was from Fenyin in Hedong commandery. His family had been a powerful clan for generations, with three thousand households bearing the same surname. His father Guang was a leading figure of the clan. When Emperor Gaozu secured Guanzhong and the Yellow River lands, he made Guang Administrator of Shangdang. Andou won early renown for bravery. He stood seven feet eight inches tall and excelled at archery and horsemanship. The Northern Wei employed him to aid Qinzhou Inspector Bei He'ni in crushing the rebel Hu chieftain Bairongzi. He was then made overall commander of the Yong and Qin prefectures under the Wei regime. Each prefecture had its own inspector, while he held supreme military authority over both. In the twenty-first year of Yuanjia, the Northern Wei emperor Tuoba Tao was routed in a campaign against the Rouran. Andou joined his kinsman Xue Yongzong in rebellion. Yongzong established his camp on the Fen River bend while Andou seized Hongnong by surprise. When Gai Wu of Beidi took up arms as well, their forces joined in mutual support. Tao led his army in person against Yongzong, annihilated his entire clan, and then marched on Gai Wu. Seeing that he was badly outnumbered, Andou led a band of stalwarts including Xin Lingdu, abandoned Hongnong, and defected to the Song court. Emperor Wu received him in audience. Andou asked permission to return north and raise rebellion along the Yellow River and in Shaanxi, rallying loyal partisans. The emperor agreed and presented him with one hundred bolts of brocade and three hundred bolts of assorted silks. He struck at Hongnong once more, but the Wei had strengthened its garrison and the city could not be taken. With Gai Wu dead as well, he fell back to Shangluo. While Prince Jun held Xiangyang, he appointed Andou General Who Displays Martiality and Administrator of Northern Hongnong. As the Northern Wei grew increasingly powerful, Andou withdrew to Xiangyang. His father's younger cousin Shen defected with him and eventually rose to General Who Pacifies the Distance and Administrator of Xinye.

二十七年，隨王誕版安都為建武將軍，隨柳元景向關、陝，率步騎居前，所向克捷，事在元景傳。軍還，誕版為後軍行參軍。二十九年，除始興王濬征北行參軍，加建武將軍。魯爽向虎牢，安都復隨元景北出，即據關城，期俱濟河取蒲阪。會爽退，安都復率所領隨元景引還。仍伐西陽五水蠻。

In year 27, Prince Dan of Sui commissioned Andou as General Who Establishes Martiality. Marching with Liu Yuanjing into Guanzhong and Shaanxi, he led the van with infantry and cavalry and won victory wherever he fought. The full account appears in Yuanjing's biography. After the campaign, Dan appointed him acting aide-de-camp of the rear army. In year 29 he was made acting aide-de-camp on the northern expedition under Prince Jun of Shixing, with the additional rank of General Who Establishes Martiality. When Lu Shuang marched on Hulao, Andou again accompanied Yuanjing north. They seized Tong Pass at once and planned to cross the Yellow River together and take Puban. When Shuang pulled back, Andou led his troops back with Yuanjing. He then campaigned against the Five-Water Man tribes of Xiyang.

世祖伐逆，轉參軍事，加寧朔將軍，領馬軍，與柳元景俱發。四月十四日，至朱雀航，橫矛瞋目，叱賊將皇甫安民等曰：「賊弑君父，何心事之！」世祖踐阼，除右軍將軍。五月四日，率所領騎為前鋒，直入殿庭。賊尚有數百人，一時奔散。以功封南鄉縣男，食邑五百戶。安都從征關、陝，至臼口，夢仰頭視天，正見天門開，謂左右曰：「汝見天門開不？」至是歎曰：「夢天開，乃中興之象邪！」

When Prince Jun marched against the usurper, Andou was transferred to staff duty, promoted to General Who Pacifies the North, and placed in command of the cavalry. He set out with Liu Yuanjing. On the fourteenth day of the fourth month they reached Zhuque Ford. Andou leveled his spear, glared, and shouted at the rebel generals Huangfu Anmin and the rest: "These rebels murdered their sovereign and lord—why would you serve them?" When Prince Jun took the throne, Andou was appointed General of the Right Army. On the fourth day of the fifth month he led his cavalry as vanguard and charged straight into the palace courtyard. Several hundred rebels still held the hall, but in a moment they all fled and scattered. For his service he was enfeoffed as Baron of Nanxiang with a fief of five hundred households. On the Guan-Shaan campaign, Andou dreamed at Jiukou that he looked up and saw the Gate of Heaven standing open. He asked his attendants, "Do you see the Gate of Heaven open?" Now he sighed and said, "A dream of heaven opening—surely that was an omen of dynastic restoration!"

從弟道生，亦以軍功為大司馬參軍。犯罪，為秣陵令庾淑之所鞭。安都大怒，乃乘馬從數十人，令左右執矟，欲往殺淑之。行至朱雀航，逢柳元景。元景遙問：「薛公何處去？」安都躍馬至車後曰：「小子庾淑之鞭我從弟，今詣往刺殺之。」元景慮其不可駐，乃紿之曰：「小子無宜適，卿往與手，甚快。」安都既回馬，復追呼之：「別宜與卿有所論。」令下馬入車。既入車，因責讓之曰：「卿從弟服章言論，與寒細不異，雖復人士，庾淑之亦何由得知？且人身犯罪，理應加罰，卿為朝廷勳臣，宜崇奉法憲，云何放恣，輒欲於都邑殺人？非唯科律所不容，主上亦無辭以相宥。」因載之俱歸，安都乃止。其年，以憚直免官。

His younger cousin Daosheng likewise won appointment as an aide in the Grand Marshal's office through military service. He committed an offense and was flogged by Yu Shuzhi, magistrate of Moling. Andou flew into a rage. Mounting his horse with several dozen followers, he ordered his men to take up spears and set out to kill Shuzhi. On the way he reached Zhuque Ford and met Liu Yuanjing. Yuanjing called from a distance, "Lord Xue, where are you bound?" Andou spurred up to the rear of Yuanjing's carriage and said, "That wretch Yu Shuzhi flogged my cousin. I am on my way to kill him." Yuanjing feared he could not be stopped and so deceived him. "The wretch deserves no better," he said. "Go and deal with him yourself—that will be most satisfying." Andou had already turned his horse when Yuanjing called after him again, "Wait—I have something else to discuss with you." He told him to dismount and get into the carriage. Once Andou was inside, Yuanjing rebuked him. "Your cousin's dress and speech are no different from a commoner's. Even if he were a gentleman of standing, how was Yu Shuzhi to know? Besides, when a man commits an offense he deserves punishment. You are a meritorious servant of the court and ought to uphold the law. How can you give way to rage and try to kill a man in the capital? The statutes forbid it, and the emperor would have no grounds to pardon you." He then took Andou back with him, and Andou abandoned his plan. That same year he was dismissed from office for his blunt and fearless manner.

孝建元年，復除左軍將軍。二月，魯爽反叛，遣安都及冗從僕射胡子反、龍驤將軍宗越率步騎據歷陽。爽遣將鄭德玄戍大峴，德玄使前鋒楊胡與輕兵向歷陽。安都遣宗越及歷陽太守程天祚逆擊破之，斬胡與及其軍副。德玄復使其司馬梁嚴屯峴東，安都幢主周文恭晨往偵候，因而襲之，悉禽；賊未敢進。世祖詔安都留三百人守歷陽，渡還採石，遷輔國將軍、竟陵內史。四月，魯爽使弟瑜率三千人出小峴，爽尋以大眾阻大峴。又遣安都步騎八千度江，與歷陽太守張幼緒等討爽。安都軍副建武將軍譚金率數十騎挑戰，斬其偏帥。幼緒恇怯，輒引軍退還，安都復還歷陽。臧質久不至，世祖復遣沈慶之濟江督統諸軍。爽軍食少，引退，慶之使安都率輕騎追之；四月丙戌，及爽於小峴，爽自與腹心壯騎繼後。譚金先薄之，不能入，安都望見爽，便躍馬大呼，直往刺之，應手而倒，左右範雙斬爽首。爽累世梟猛，生習戰陳，咸云萬人敵。安都單騎直入，斬之而反，時人皆云關羽之斬顏良，不是過也。進爵為侯，增邑五百戶，并前千戶。

In the first year of Xiaojian, he was reappointed General of the Left Army. In the second month, when Lu Shuang rebelled, the court sent Andou, Supernumerary Attendant Hu Zifan, and General of the Dragon Cavalry Zong Yue with infantry and cavalry to hold Liyang. Shuang sent his general Zheng Dexuan to garrison Great Xian. Dexuan dispatched his vanguard Yang Hu with light troops toward Liyang. Andou sent Zong Yue and Liyang Administrator Cheng Tianzuo to intercept and rout them, beheading Yang Hu and his second-in-command. Dexuan sent his major Liang Yan to encamp east of Xian. Andou's banner commander Zhou Wengong went out at dawn to scout and then attacked, capturing them all. The rebels did not dare advance further. Emperor Xiaowu ordered Andou to leave three hundred men to hold Liyang, cross back to Caishi, and promoted him to General Who Supports the State and Interior Minister of Jingling. In the fourth month Lu Shuang sent his younger brother Yu with three thousand men through Little Xian, while Shuang himself soon blocked Great Xian with his main army. The court again sent Andou with eight thousand infantry and cavalry across the Yangzi, together with Liyang Administrator Zhang Youxu and others, to campaign against Shuang. Andou's deputy, General Who Establishes Martiality Tan Jin, led several dozen horsemen to offer battle and beheaded an enemy flank commander. Youxu proved timid and withdrew his troops abruptly, so Andou fell back to Liyang again. Zang Zhi was slow to arrive, so Emperor Xiaowu sent Shen Qingzhi across the river to take overall command of the armies. Shuang's army ran short of provisions and withdrew. Qingzhi ordered Andou to pursue with light cavalry. On bingxu day of the fourth month they caught Shuang at Little Xian. Shuang himself followed with his trusted bodyguard cavalry. Tan Jin closed with the enemy first but could not break through. Andou spotted Shuang, spurred his horse forward with a great shout, and drove his spear straight at him. Shuang fell at the blow, and his attendant Fan Shuang cut off his head. Shuang came from a line famed for fierceness and had trained in warfare from childhood. Men said he was a match for ten thousand. Andou charged in alone, killed him, and rode back. Men of the day said it was no less than Guan Yu's slaying of Yan Liang. He was promoted to marquis, with five hundred additional households added to his fief for a total of one thousand.

時王玄謨距南郡王義宣、臧質於梁山，安都復領騎為支軍。賊有水步營在蕪湖，安都遣將呂興壽率數十騎襲之，賊眾驚亂，斬首及赴水死者甚眾。義宣遣將劉湛之及質攻玄謨，玄謨命眾軍擊之，使安都引騎出賊陣右。譚金三歷賊陳，乘其隙縱騎突之，諸將係進。是朝，賊馬軍發蕪湖，欲來會戰，望安都騎甚盛，隱山不敢出。賊陣東南猶堅，安都橫擊陷之，賊遂大潰。安都隊主劉元儒於艦中斬湛之首。轉太子左衛率。大明元年，虜向無鹽，東平太守劉胡出戰失利。二月，遣安都領馬軍北討，東陽太守沈法系水軍向彭城，並受徐州刺史申坦節度。上戒之曰：「賊若可及，便盡力殄之。若度已回，可過河耀威而反。」時虜已去，坦求回軍討任榛，見許。安都當向左城，左城去滑臺二百餘里，安都以去虜鎮近，軍少不宜分行。至東坊城，遇任榛三騎，討擒其一，餘兩騎得走。任榛聞知，皆得逃散。時天旱，水泉多竭，人馬疲困，不能遠追。安都、法系並白衣領職，坦繫尚方。任榛大抵在任城界，積世逋叛所聚，所在皆棘榛深密，難為用師，故能久自保藏，屢為民患。安都明年復職，改封武昌縣侯，加散騎常侍。七年，又加征虜將軍，為太子左衛率十年，終世祖世不轉。

At that time Wang Xuanmo was holding Prince Yixuan of Nanjun and Zang Zhi at Liangshan. Andou again led the cavalry as a supporting force. The rebels had combined river and land camps at Wuhu. Andou sent his general Lü Xingshou with several dozen horsemen to strike them. The enemy panicked, and many were beheaded or drowned trying to escape into the water. Yixuan sent his generals Liu Chenzhi and Zang Zhi to attack Xuanmo. Xuanmo ordered a general assault and sent Andou to lead the cavalry out on the enemy's right flank. Tan Jin charged through the enemy lines three times. Finding an opening, he unleashed his cavalry in a thrust, and the other generals pressed forward in turn. That morning rebel cavalry set out from Wuhu intending to join the battle, but seeing Andou's formidable horsemen they hid in the hills and dared not come out. The enemy line still held firm in the southeast until Andou struck across it and broke through. The rebels then collapsed in rout. Andou's squad leader Liu Yuanru cut off Liu Chenzhi's head aboard a ship. He was transferred to Leader of the Left Guards of the Heir Apparent. In the first year of Daming, the Northern Wei advanced on Wuyan. Dongping Administrator Liu Hu went out to fight and was defeated. In the second month the court sent Andou north at the head of the cavalry while Dongyang Administrator Shen Faxing led the naval force toward Pengcheng. Both operated under Xuzhou Inspector Shen Tan. The emperor warned them, "If the enemy can be overtaken, destroy them with all your strength. If they have already turned back, cross the river to display your might and then withdraw." By then the Northern Wei had already withdrawn. Tan asked to turn the army against the bandit Ren Zhen, and permission was granted. Andou was to march on Zuocheng, more than two hundred li from Huatai. He judged that they were too close to the Wei garrisons and that with so few troops they should not divide their forces. At Dongfangcheng they encountered three of Ren Zhen's horsemen, captured one, and let the other two escape. When Ren Zhen heard what had happened, his entire band was able to flee and scatter. A drought had dried up most of the springs. Men and horses were exhausted and could not pursue far. Andou and Faxing were both stripped to plain dress while retaining their posts, and Tan was imprisoned in the Imperial Workshop. Ren Zhen's band operated chiefly in Rencheng, where generations of fugitives and rebels had gathered. The country was thick with brambles and thorn scrub, making campaigns difficult, so the bandits could hold out for years and repeatedly plague the populace. The following year Andou was restored to office, enfeoffed as Marquis of Wuchang, and given the additional post of Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary. In year 7 he was again given the additional rank of General Who Subdues the Barbarians. He served ten years as Leader of the Left Guards of the Heir Apparent and was never transferred throughout Emperor Xiaowu's reign.

泰始二年正月，索兒、光世竝在省，安都信催令速去，二人俱自省逃出，攜安都諸子及家累，席捲北奔。青州刺史沈文秀、冀州刺史崔道固並皆同反。文秀遣劉彌之、張靈慶、崔僧琁三軍，道固遣子景征、傅靈越領眾，並應安都。彌之等南出下邳，靈越自泰山道向彭城。時濟陰太守申闡據睢陵城起義，索兒率靈越等攻之。安都使同黨裴祖隆守下邳城，彌之等至下邳，改計歸順，因進軍攻祖隆，僧琁不同，率所領歸安都。索兒聞彌之有異志，舍睢陵馳赴下邳，彌之等未戰潰散，竝為索兒所執，見殺。

In the first month of the second year of Taishi, Suo'er and Guangshi were both at court. Andou trusted an urgent message telling him to flee at once. The two men escaped from the palace together, taking Andou's sons and his entire household, and fled north in haste. Qingzhou Inspector Shen Wenxiu and Jizhou Inspector Cui Daogu rebelled as well. Wenxiu sent the armies of Liu Mizhi, Zhang Lingqing, and Cui Sengqin. Daogu sent his son Jingzheng and Fu Lingyue with their forces. All marched to support Andou. Mizhi and the others marched south from Xiapi while Lingyue took the Mount Tai route toward Pengcheng. At that time Jiyin Administrator Shen Chan had risen in loyalist revolt at Suiling. Suo'er led Lingyue and the others to attack him. Andou had his ally Pei Zulong hold Xiapi. When Mizhi and the others reached the city they changed sides and marched against Zulong. Sengqin refused to join them and led his troops back to Andou. Suo'er learned that Mizhi had turned coat, abandoned the siege of Suiling, and galloped to Xiapi. Mizhi's forces collapsed without a fight. Suo'er seized them all and had them executed.

時太宗以申令孫為徐州，代安都。令孫進據淮陽，密有反志，遣人告索兒曰：「欲相從順，而百口在都。可進軍見攻，若戰敗被執，家人可得免禍。」索兒乃遣靈越向淮陽，令孫出城，為相距之形，既而奔散，北投索兒。索兒使令孫說闡令降，闡既降，索兒執闡及令孫，並殺之。索兒因引軍渡淮，軍糧不給，掠奔百姓穀食。太宗遣齊王率前將軍張永、寧朔將軍垣山寶、王寬、員外散騎侍郎張寘震、蕭順之、龍驤將軍張季和、黃文玉等諸軍北討。其年五月，軍次平原，索兒等率馬步五千，列陳距戰，擊大破之。索兒又虜掠民穀，固守石樑，齊王又率鎮北參軍趙曇之、呂湛之擊之。索兒軍無資實，所資野掠，既見攻逼，無以自守，於是奔散；又追破之於葛家白鵠。索兒走向樂平縣界，為申令孫子孝叔所斬。安都子道智、大將范雙走向合肥，詣南汝陰太守裴季降。

At that time Emperor Ming appointed Shen Lingsun to Xuzhou in Andou's place. Lingsun advanced and occupied Huaiyang, secretly plotting rebellion. He sent a message to Suo'er: "I wish to join you, but my entire family is held in the capital. March against me as though in earnest. If I am defeated and captured, my family may be spared." Suo'er sent Lingyue against Huaiyang. Lingsun came out of the city and staged a show of resistance, then broke and fled north to join Suo'er. Suo'er had Lingsun persuade Chan to surrender. Once Chan submitted, Suo'er seized both men and had them killed. Suo'er then led his army across the Huai. With provisions running short, his men plundered grain from fleeing civilians. Emperor Ming sent the Prince of Qi north at the head of an army including Forward General Zhang Yong, General Who Pacifies the North Yuan Shanbao, Wang Kuan, Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier Zhang Zhenzhen, Xiao Shunzhi, General of the Dragon Cavalry Zhang Jihe, Huang Wenyu, and others. In the fifth month of that year the army reached Pingyuan. Suo'er and the others drew up five thousand horse and foot to give battle and were utterly defeated. Suo'er plundered civilian grain again and held firm at Shiliang. The Prince of Qi led Northern Garrison aides Zhao Tanzhi and Lü Zhanzhi against him once more. Suo'er's army had no real supplies and lived on countryside plunder. Once the attack closed in, they could no longer hold out and broke and fled. They pursued them again and routed them at Gejia Baihu. Suo'er fled toward Leping County and was beheaded by Xiaoshu, son of Shen Lingsun. Andou's son Daozhi and the great general Fan Shuang fled toward Hefei and surrendered to Pei Ji, Administrator of Southern Ruyin.

時武衛將軍王廣之領軍隸劉勔，攻殷琰於壽陽。傅靈越奔逃，為廣之軍人所生禽，厲聲曰：「我傅靈越也。汝得賊何不即殺？」生送詣勔，勔躬自慰勞，詰其叛逆。對曰：「九州唱義，豈獨在我。」勔又問：「四方阻逆，無戰不禽，主上皆加以曠蕩，即其才用。卿何不早歸天闕，乃逃命草間乎？」靈越答曰：「薛公舉兵淮北，威震天下，不能專任智勇，委付子侄，致敗之由，實在於此。然事之始末，備皆參豫，人生歸於一死，實無面求活。」勔壯其意，送還京師。太宗欲加原宥，靈越辭對如一，終不回改，乃殺之。靈越，清河人也。時輔國將軍、山陽內史程天祚據郡同安都，攻圍彌時，然後歸順。

At that time Martial Guard General Wang Guangzhi led troops under Liu Yin to attack Yin Yan at Shouyang. Fu Lingyue fled but was captured alive by Guangzhi's soldiers. He cried out: "I am Fu Lingyue. You have the rebel in hand—why not kill him immediately?" He was sent alive to Liu Yin. Yin personally received him with courtesy and questioned him about his rebellion. He replied: "The whole realm rose in righteous protest—surely that was not mine alone." Yin pressed further: "Rebels resisted on every side, and in every battle they were taken. The sovereign has pardoned them all with generous grace and put their abilities to use. Why did you not come back to court at once, instead of fleeing for your life through the grass and brush?" Lingyue answered: "When Lord Xue raised his army north of the Huai, his fame shook the realm. Yet he would not rely wholly on the wise and brave, but handed command to sons and nephews—that is why we were defeated. Still, from beginning to end I had a hand in it all. A man must die once; I truly have no face left with which to beg for my life." Yin admired his spirit and sent him back to the capital. Emperor Ming wished to pardon him, but Lingyue answered just as before and would not relent, so he was put to death. Lingyue was a native of Qinghe. At that time Auxiliary State General and Shanyang Administrator Cheng Tianzuo held his commandery with Andou. After a long siege he finally submitted.

子勛平定，安都遣別駕從事史畢眾愛、下邳太守王煥等奉啟書詣太宗歸款，曰：「臣庸隸荒萌，偷生上國，過蒙世祖孝武皇帝過常之恩，犬馬有心，實感恩遇。是以晉安始唱，投誠孤往，不期生榮，實存死報。今天命大歸，群迷改屬，輒率領所部，束骸待誅，違拒之罪，伏聽湯鑊。」索兒之死也，安都使柳光世守下邳，至是亦率所領歸降。太宗以四方已平，欲示威於淮外，遣張永、沈攸之以重軍迎之。安都謂既已歸順，不應遣重兵，懼不免罪，乃遣信要引索虜。三年正月，索虜遣博陵公尉遲苟人、城陽公孔伯恭二萬騎救之。永等引退，安都開門納虜，虜即授安都徐州刺史、河東公。四年三月，召還桑乾。五年，死於虜中，時年六十。

After Zixun's rebellion was crushed, Andou sent Senior Clerk Bi Zhong'ai, Xiapi Administrator Wang Huan, and others with a memorial to Emperor Ming offering submission. It read: "Your servant, a crude man from the frontier, has lived on in the upper realm and received extraordinary favor from Emperor Xiaowu. Like a loyal beast I remember that grace and am truly grateful for it. When the Prince of Jin'an first raised the cause, I went alone to offer my loyalty, not hoping for honor in life but intending to repay with my death. Now Heaven's mandate has returned and the deluded have changed sides. I lead my troops at once, bound and awaiting punishment, and for the crime of resistance I submit myself to the boiling cauldron." After Suo'er's death Andou had Liu Guangshi hold Xiapi; now he too led his troops in submission. With the realm already pacified, Emperor Ming wished to show force beyond the Huai and sent Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi with a large army to escort him in. Andou believed that once he had submitted, no heavy army should have been sent. Fearing he would not escape punishment, he sent word inviting the Northern Wei. In the first month of year 3 the Northern Wei sent Boling Duke Yuchi Gouren and Chengyang Duke Kong Bogong with twenty thousand cavalry to rescue him. Zhang Yong and the others withdrew. Andou opened the gates to the Northern Wei, who at once made him Inspector of Xuzhou and Duke of Hedong. In the third month of year 4 he was recalled to Sanggan. In year 5 he died in Northern Wei territory at the age of sixty.

初，安都起兵，長史蘭陵儼密欲圖之，見殺。安都未向桑乾，前軍將軍裴祖隆謀殺苟人，舉彭城歸順，事泄，見誅。員外散騎侍郎孫耿之擊索兒戰死，及劉彌之、張靈慶皆戰敗見殺，並為太宗所哀，追贈儼光祿勳，祖隆寧朔將軍、兗州刺史，耿之羽林監，彌之輔國將軍、青州刺史，靈慶寧朔將軍、冀州刺史。

When Andou first raised troops, his chief administrator Lanling Yan secretly plotted against him and was killed. Before Andou departed for Sanggan, Forward Army General Pei Zulong plotted to kill Gouren and surrender Pengcheng to the court. The plot was discovered and he was executed. Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier Sun Gengzhi was killed fighting Suo'er. Liu Mizhi and Zhang Lingqing were also defeated and executed. Emperor Ming mourned them all and posthumously enfeoffed Yan as Grand Master of Splendid Hanour, Zulong as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Yanzhou, Gengzhi as Director of the Forest of Feathers, Mizhi as Auxiliary State General and Inspector of Qingzhou, and Lingqing as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Jizhou.

安都子伯令、環龍，亡命梁、雍二州之間。三年，率亡命數千人襲廣平，執太守劉冥虯，攻順陽，克之，略有義成、扶風，置立守宰。雍州刺史巴陵王休若遣南陽太守張敬兒、新野太守劉攘兵擊破之，並禽。先是，東安、東莞二郡太守張讜守團城，在彭城東北。始同安都，末亦歸順，太宗以為東徐州刺史，復為虜所沒。

Andou's sons Boling and Huanlong became outlaws wandering between Liang and Yong provinces. In year 3 they gathered several thousand outlaws, raided Guangping, seized Administrator Liu Mingqiu, attacked and captured Shunyang, briefly occupied Yicheng and Fufeng, and installed local officials. Yongzhou Inspector the Prince of Baling, Xiu Ruo, sent Nanyang Administrator Zhang Jing'er and Xinye Administrator Liu Rangbing against them. They were defeated and both captured. Earlier Zhang Dan, Administrator of Dong'an and Dongguan, had held Tuan city northeast of Pengcheng. At first he sided with Andou, but later submitted as well. Emperor Ming made him Inspector of Eastern Xuzhou, yet the territory was lost again to the Northern Wei.

景和元年，遷督青州之東莞、東安二郡諸軍事、建威將軍、青州刺史。時帝狂悖無道，內外憂危，文秀將之鎮，部曲出屯白下，說慶之曰：「主上狂暴如此，土崩將至，而一門受其寵任，萬物皆謂與之同心。且此人性情無常，猜忌特甚，將來之禍，事又難測。今因此眾力，圖之易於反掌，千載一時，萬不可失。」慶之不從。文秀固請非一，言輒流涕，終不回。文秀既行，慶之果為帝所殺。慶之死後，帝遣直閣江方興領兵誅文秀，方興未至，太宗已定亂，馳驛駐之。方興既至，為文秀所執。尋見釋，遣還京師。

In the first year of Jinghe, he was transferred to supervise military affairs in Dongguan and Dong'an of Qingzhou, with the titles General Who Establishes Might and Inspector of Qingzhou. At that time Emperor Qianfei was violent and lawless, and alarm spread inside and outside the court. As Wenxiu was about to leave for his post, his retainers encamped at Baixia and urged Qingzhi: "The sovereign is so savage that the realm is about to collapse, yet our whole house enjoys his trust. Everyone assumes we are of one mind with him. And this man's temper is unstable and his suspicion extreme. The disaster ahead is impossible to predict. With the force we have now, removing him would be easier than turning our hands. Such a moment comes once in a thousand years and must not be lost." Qingzhi refused. Wenxiu pleaded again and again, weeping as he spoke, but could not move him. After Wenxiu had gone, Qingzhi was indeed killed by Emperor Qianfei. After Qingzhi's death Emperor Qianfei sent Privy Attendant Jiang Fangxing with troops to kill Wenxiu. Before Fangxing arrived, Emperor Ming had already ended the turmoil and sent couriers at full gallop to stop him. When Fangxing arrived, Wenxiu took him prisoner. He was soon released and sent back to the capital.

時晉安王子勛據尋陽反叛，六師外討，徵兵於文秀。文秀遣劉彌之、張靈慶、崔僧琁三軍赴朝廷。時徐州刺史薛安都已同子勛，遣使報文秀，以四方齊舉，勸令同逆，文秀即令彌之等回應安都。彌之等尋歸順，事在安都傳。彌之青州強姓，門族甚多，諸宗從相合率奔北海，據城以拒文秀。平原、樂安二郡太守王玄默據琅邪，清河、廣川二郡太守王玄邈據盤陽城，高陽、勃海二郡太守劉乘民據臨濟城，並起義。文秀司馬房文慶謀應之，為文秀所殺。文秀遣軍主解彥士攻北海陷之，乘民從弟伯宗合率鄉兵，復克北海，因率所領向青州所治東陽城。文秀拒之，伯宗戰敗被創，弟天愛扶持將去，伯宗曰：「丈夫當死戰場，以身殉國，安能歸死兒女手中乎！弟可速去，無為兩亡。」乃見殺，追贈龍驤將軍、長廣太守。

At that time the Prince of Jin'an, Zixun, held Xunyang in rebellion. The imperial armies marched out to suppress him and called on Wenxiu for troops. Wenxiu sent the armies of Liu Mizhi, Zhang Lingqing, and Cui Sengqin to march for the court. By then Xuzhou Inspector Xue Andou had already joined Zixun. He sent envoys telling Wenxiu that revolt was rising everywhere and urging him to rebel. Wenxiu at once ordered Mizhi and the others to answer Andou. Mizhi and the others soon submitted; that story is told in Andou's biography. The Mizhi clan was a powerful Qingzhou family with many branches. Their kinsmen gathered, fled to Beihai, and held the city against Wenxiu. Wang Xuanmo, Administrator of Pingyuan and Le'an, held Langye; Wang Xuanyao, Administrator of Qinghe and Guangchuan, held Panyang; Liu Chengmin, Administrator of Gaoyang and Bohai, held Linji—all rose in loyalist revolt. Wenxiu's aide Fang Wenqing plotted to join the loyalists and was killed by Wenxiu. Wenxiu sent army commander Xie Yanshi against Beihai and captured it. Chengmin's cousin Bozong rallied local militia, retook Beihai, and marched toward Dongyang, the seat of Qingzhou. Wenxiu resisted him. Bozong was defeated and wounded. His brother Tian'ai tried to help him away, but Bozong said: "A man should die on the battlefield and give his body for the state. How can he go home to die like a child in women's hands! Brother, go quickly. Do not let us both die." He was then killed and posthumously enfeoffed as General of the Dragon Cavalry and Administrator of Changguang.

太宗遣青州刺史明僧皓、東莞、東安二郡太守李靈謙率軍伐文秀。玄邈、乘民、僧皓等並進軍攻城，每戰輒為文秀所破，離而復合，如此者十餘。泰始二年八月，尋陽平定，太宗遣尚書度支郎崔元孫慰勞諸義軍，隨僧皓戰敗見殺，追贈寧朔將軍、冀州刺史。上遣文秀弟文炳詔文秀曰：「皇帝前問督青州、徐州之東莞、東安二郡諸軍事、建威將軍、青州刺史，朕去歲撥亂，功振普天，於卿一門，特有殊澤，卿得延命至今，誰之力邪？何故背國負恩，遠同逆豎。今天下已定，四方寧一，卿獨守窮城，何所歸奉？且卿百口在都，兼有墳墓，想情非木石，猶或顧懷。故指遣文炳具相宣示。凡諸逆郎，親為戎首，一不加罪，文炳所具。卿獨何人，而能自立。便可速率部曲，同到軍門，別詔有司，一無所問。如其不爾，國有常刑，非惟戮及弟息，亦當夷卿墳壟，既以謝齊土百姓，亦以勞將士之心。故有今詔。」三年二月，文秀歸命請罪，即安本任。

Emperor Ming sent Qingzhou Inspector Ming Senghao and Dongguan and Dong'an Administrator Li Lingqian to attack Wenxiu. Xuanyao, Chengmin, Senghao, and the others all marched to besiege the city. Wenxiu defeated them in battle after battle. They broke apart and regrouped more than ten times. In the eighth month of the second year of Taishi Xunyang was pacified. Emperor Ming sent Ministerial Clerk for Revenue Cui Yuansun to reward the loyalist armies. He was killed in defeat alongside Senghao and was posthumously enfeoffed as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Jizhou. The court sent Wenxiu's brother Wenbing with an edict that read: "The Emperor addresses the Supervisor of Military Affairs of Dongguan and Dong'an in Qing and Xu, General Who Establishes Might and Qingzhou Inspector: Last year I restored order from chaos and my achievement shook the realm. Your family alone received special grace. That you still live—whose doing is that? Why then betray the state and its kindness, joining rebels far away? The realm is settled and the four quarters are at peace. Why do you alone hold a doomed city? To whom can you still look? Your whole family is in the capital, and your ancestral graves are there too. You cannot be stone and wood; surely some feeling remains. That is why I have sent Wenbing to explain everything to you in full. Of all the rebel leaders, not one was punished, as Wenbing will tell you in detail. Who are you, that you alone should hold out? Come at once with your troops to the army gate. A separate edict to the officials will hold you blameless for everything. If you refuse, the state has fixed punishments. Not only your brothers and sons will die, but your tombs will be destroyed as well—to answer the people of Qi and to satisfy the army. Hence this edict." In the second month of year 3 Wenxiu submitted and begged forgiveness, and was at once restored to his former office.

先是，冀州刺史崔道固亦據歷城同逆，為土人起義所攻，與文秀俱遣信引虜；虜遣將慕輿白曜率大眾援之，文秀已受朝命，乃乘虜無備，縱兵掩擊，殺傷甚多。虜乃進軍圍城，文秀善於撫御，將士咸為盡力，每與虜戰，輒摧破之，掩擊營寨，往無不捷。太宗進文秀號輔國將軍。其年八月，虜蜀郡公拔式等馬步數萬人入西郭，直至城下。文秀使輔國將軍垣諶擊破之。九月，又逼城東。十月，進攻南郭。文秀使員外散騎侍郎黃彌之等邀擊，斬獲數千。四年，又進文秀號右將軍，封新城縣侯，食邑五百戶。虜青州刺史王隆顯於安丘縣又為軍主高崇仁所破，死者數百人。虜圍青州積久，太宗所遣救兵並不敢進，乃以文秀弟征北中兵參軍文靜為輔國將軍，統高密、北海、平昌、長廣、東萊五郡軍事，從海道救青州。文靜至東萊之不其城，為虜所斷遏，不得進，因保城自守，又為虜所攻，屢戰輒克，太宗加其東青州刺史。四年，不其城為虜所陷，文靜見殺。

Earlier Jizhou Inspector Cui Daogu had also held Licheng in rebellion with Wenxiu. Attacked by local loyalist risings, he and Wenxiu both sent word inviting the Northern Wei. The Northern Wei sent General Moyu Baiyao with a large force to relieve them. Wenxiu had already accepted the court's appointment and, catching the enemy unprepared, launched a surprise attack that killed and wounded many. The Northern Wei then advanced and besieged the city. Wenxiu knew how to win men's hearts, and his officers and soldiers fought with all they had. In every clash he broke the enemy, and in raids on their camps he never failed. Emperor Ming promoted Wenxiu to Auxiliary State General. In the eighth month of that year Northern Wei Shu Commandery Duke Ba Shi and others led tens of thousands of horse and foot into the western suburb, right up to the walls. Wenxiu sent Auxiliary State General Yuan Chen to defeat them. In the ninth month the enemy pressed the eastern wall again. In the tenth month they attacked the southern suburb. Wenxiu sent Supernumerary Attendant Cavalier Huang Mizhi and others to intercept them and killed or captured several thousand. In year 4 Wenxiu was promoted again to General of the Right and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xincheng with a fief of five hundred households. Northern Wei Qingzhou Inspector Wang Longxian was again defeated at Anqiu by army commander Gao Chongren, with several hundred killed. The Northern Wei had besieged Qingzhou for a long time, and none of the relief forces Emperor Ming sent dared advance. He therefore made Wenxiu's brother Wen Jing, Northern Campaign Aide of the Central Army, Auxiliary State General over the five commanderies of Gaomi, Beihai, Pingchang, Changguang, and Donglai, and sent him by sea to relieve Qingzhou. Wen Jing reached Buqi in Donglai but was cut off by the Northern Wei and could not advance, so he fortified the city and held it. Though attacked again, he won battle after battle, and Emperor Ming additionally made him Inspector of Eastern Qingzhou. In year 4 Buqi fell to the Northern Wei and Wen Jing was killed.

文秀被圍三載，外無援軍，士卒為之用命，無離叛者，日夜戰鬥，甲胄生蟣虱。五年正月二十四日，遂為虜所陷。城敗之日，解釋戎衣，緩服靜坐，命左右取所持節。虜既入，兵刃交至，問曰：「青州刺史沈文秀何在？」文秀厲聲曰：「身是。」因執之，牽出聽事前，剝取衣服。時白曜在城西南角樓，裸縛文秀至曜前，執之者令拜。文秀曰：「各二國大臣，無相拜之禮。」曜命還其衣，為設酒食，鏁送桑乾。其餘為亂兵所殺，死者甚眾。太宗先遣尚書功論郎何如真選青州文武，亦為虜所殺。文秀在桑乾凡十九年，齊之永明四年，病死，時年六十一。

Wenxiu was besieged for three years. With no relief army from outside, his men obeyed him unto death and none deserted. They fought day and night until their armor bred lice from the prolonged siege. On the twenty-fourth day of the first month of year 5 the city finally fell to the Northern Wei. On the day the city fell he laid aside his armor, put on plain clothes, and sat calmly, ordering his attendants to bring the staff of office he carried. Once the Northern Wei entered, blades clashed on every side. They shouted: "Where is Qingzhou Inspector Shen Wenxiu?" Wenxiu answered loudly: "I am he." He was seized, dragged out before the hall of audience, and stripped. Baiyao was then in the southwest corner tower. Wenxiu was bound naked and brought before him; his captors ordered him to bow. Wenxiu said: "We are ministers of two states. There is no custom of bowing to one another." Baiyao ordered his clothes restored, set out wine and food for him, and had him shackled and sent to Sanggan. The rest were slaughtered by the disorderly troops; the dead were very many. Emperor Ming had earlier sent Ministerial Clerk for Merit Evaluation He Ruzhen to select Qingzhou officials. He too was killed by the Northern Wei. Wenxiu spent nineteen years at Sanggan altogether. In Yongming year 4 of Qi he died of illness at the age of sixty-one.

崔道固，清河人也。世祖世，以幹用見知，歷太子屯騎校尉，左軍將軍。大明三年，出為齊、北海二郡太守。民焦恭破古塚，得玉鎧，道固檢得，獻之，執繫恭。入為新安王子鸞北中郎諮議參軍，永嘉王子仁左軍司馬。景和元年，出為寧朔將軍、冀州刺史，鎮歷城。泰始二年，進號輔國將軍，又進號征虜將軍。時徐州刺史薛安都同逆，上即還道固本號為徐州代之。道固不受命，遣子景微、軍主傅靈越率眾赴安都。既而為土人起義所攻，屢戰失利，閉門自守。會四方平定，上遣使宣慰，道固奉詔歸順。先是與沈文秀共引虜，虜既至，固守距之，因被圍逼。虜每進，輒為道固所摧。三年，以為都督冀、青、兗、幽、并五州諸軍事、前將軍、冀州刺史，加節，又進號平北將軍。其年，為虜所陷，被送桑乾，死於虜中。

Cui Daogu was a native of Qinghe. During Emperor Xiaowu's reign he was recognized for practical ability and served as Commandant of Cavalry of the Heir Apparent and General of the Left Army. In the third year of Daming he was sent out as Administrator of Qi and Beihai. A commoner named Jiao Gong broke open an ancient tomb and found jade armor. Daogu investigated, recovered it, presented it to the throne, and had Gong arrested. He entered court as consulting aide-de-camp to the Northern Center General under Prince Luan of Xin'an and as major of the left army under Prince Ren of Yongjia. In the first year of Jinghe, he was sent out as General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Jizhou, with his seat at Licheng. In the second year of Taishi he was promoted to Auxiliary State General and then to General Who Subdues the Barbarians. When Xuzhou Inspector Xue Andou joined the rebellion, the emperor at once restored Daogu's former rank and appointed him to replace Andou at Xuzhou. Daogu refused the appointment and sent his son Jingwei and army commander Fu Lingyue with their troops to join Andou. He was soon attacked by local loyalist forces, suffered repeated defeats, and shut the gates to hold his city. When the empire was pacified, the emperor sent envoys with words of reassurance, and Daogu accepted the edict and submitted. Earlier he and Shen Wenxiu had jointly invited the Northern Wei in. When the Wei arrived, he held firm to resist them and was besieged. Whenever the Northern Wei advanced, Daogu drove them back. In year 3 he was made commander-in-chief of military affairs for Ji, Qing, Yan, You, and Bing, Forward General and Inspector of Jizhou with staff of authority, and promoted to General Who Pacifies the North. That year his city fell to the Northern Wei. He was sent to Sanggan and died in captivity.

史臣曰：《春秋》列國大夫得罪，皆先致其邑而後去，唯邾、莒三臣，書以叛人之目，蓋重地也。安都勤王之略，義闕於藩屏，以地外奔，罪同於三叛。《詩》云：「誰生厲階，至今為梗。」其此之謂乎？

The historian remarks: In the Spring and Autumn Annals, disgraced ministers of the various states always surrendered their fiefs before departing. Only the three ministers of Zhu and Ju are recorded as rebels—because territory mattered that much. Andou's plan to aid the throne fell short of the duty owed a frontier guardian. He fled abroad with his territory in hand, and his guilt was the same as that of the three rebels of Zhu and Ju. The Odes say, "Who raised this perilous stair, that it remains a stumbling-block to this day?" Is this not what is meant?

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