Volume 26 Treatises 21: Government Offices 1

隋書卷二十六志第二十一

Book of Sui, Volume 26, Treatise 21

百官上

Government Offices, Part 1

《易》曰：「天尊地卑，乾坤定矣，卑高既陳，貴賤位矣。」是以聖人法乾坤以作則，因卑高以垂教，設官分職，錫珪胙土。由近以制遠，自中以統外。內則公卿大夫士，外則公侯伯子男。咸所以協和萬邦，平章百姓，允厘庶績，式敘彝倫。其由來尚矣。然古今異制，文質殊途。或以龍表官，或以云紀職。放勳即分命四子，重華乃爰置九官，夏倍于虞，殷倍于夏，周監二代，沿革不同。其道既文，置官彌廣。逮于戰國，戎馬交馳，雖時有變革，然猶承周制。秦始皇廢先王之典，焚百家之言，創立朝儀，事不師古，始罷封侯之制，立郡縣之官。太尉主五兵，丞相總百揆，又置御史大夫，以貳於相。自餘眾職，各有司存。漢高祖除暴甯亂，輕刑約法，而職官之制，因於嬴氏，其間同異，抑亦可知。光武中興，聿遵前緒，唯廢丞相與御史大夫，而以三司綜理眾務。洎于叔世，事歸台閣，論道之官，備員而已。魏、晉繼及，大抵略同，爰及宋、齊，亦無改作。梁武受終，多循齊舊，然而定諸卿之位，各配四時，置戎秩之官，百有餘號。陳氏繼梁，不失舊物。高齊創業，亦遵後魏，台省位號，與江左稍殊，所有節文，備詳於志。有周創據關右，日不暇給，洎乎克清江、漢，爰議憲章。酌禜鎬之遺文，置六官以綜務，詳其典制，有可稱焉。高祖踐極，百度伊始，複廢周官，還依漢、魏。唯以中書為內史，侍中為納言，自餘庶僚，頗有損益。煬帝嗣位，意存稽古，建官分職，率由舊章。大業三年，始行新令。于時三川定鼎，萬國朝宗，衣冠文物，足為壯觀。即而以人從欲，待下若仇，號令日改，官名月易。尋而南征不復，朝廷播遷，圖籍注記，多從散逸。今之存錄者，不能詳備焉。

The Book of Changes says: "Heaven is honored and earth is lowly; thus Qian and Kun are fixed. When high and low are set forth, noble and base take their places. Accordingly, the sage modeled himself on Heaven and Earth to establish standards, used rank to teach the people, set up offices and divided responsibilities, and granted jade tablets and fiefs. From the center he governed the periphery; from what was near he controlled what was far. Within the court were dukes, ministers, grand masters, and servicemen; beyond it were feudal lords ranked as duke, marquis, earl, viscount, and baron. All this served to harmonize the myriad states, bring order to the people, manage affairs faithfully, and maintain the moral order of society. The origins of this system are indeed very old. Yet institutions differ between past and present, and the ornate and the plain follow different paths. Some dynasties named offices after dragons; others recorded duties with cloud designations. Emperor Yao divided duties among his four sons; Emperor Shun established the Nine Ministers. Xia doubled the offices of Yu, Yin doubled those of Xia, and Zhou took both earlier dynasties as models—each changing and continuing in its own way. As civilization grew more refined, the number of offices steadily increased. By the Warring States period, armies clashed ceaselessly; though reforms occurred from time to time, the Zhou system was still largely retained. Qin Shihuang abolished the institutions of the former kings, burned the writings of the hundred schools, and created new court ritual without deferring to antiquity. He abolished enfeoffment and established commandery and county administration. The Grand Commandant commanded the five armies; the Chancellor oversaw all government affairs; and the Grand Censor was established as the Chancellor's deputy. All other offices each had their own departments. Emperor Gaozu of Han suppressed violence and restored order, lightened punishments and simplified laws, yet the system of offices followed that of Qin; the similarities and differences between them may still be discerned. When Emperor Guangwu restored the dynasty, he largely followed earlier practice, abolishing only the Chancellor and Grand Censor and using the Three Excellencies to manage all affairs. By the late Han, real power passed to the Secretariat, and the high counselors existed only to fill posts. Wei and Jin followed in succession and were largely the same; through Song and Qi as well, there were no major reforms. When Emperor Wu of Liang received the mandate, he largely followed Qi practice; yet he fixed the ranks of the various ministers according to the four seasons and established more than a hundred military-rank offices. The Chen dynasty succeeded Liang and retained the old institutions. When Northern Qi was founded, it also followed Later Wei; the titles of the central offices differed somewhat from those south of the Yangzi, and the relevant regulations are set forth in detail in the treatise. When Northern Zhou established itself in the Guanzhong region, it had scarcely a moment's rest; only after pacifying the Jiang and Han regions did it turn to drafting statutes. Drawing on the surviving texts of the Zhou rites, it established the Six Offices to manage affairs; examining its institutions, there is much that deserves praise. When Emperor Gaozu of Sui ascended the throne and the hundred institutions were just beginning, he again abolished the Zhou offices and returned to the Han and Wei pattern. Only the Secretariat was renamed the Inner Secretariat, and the Attendant-in-Ordinary was renamed Chief Counselor; among the remaining officials there were considerable additions and reductions. When Emperor Yang succeeded to the throne, his intent was to examine antiquity; in establishing offices and dividing duties, he generally followed the old regulations. In the third year of Daye, the new ordinances were first put into effect. At that time the capital was firmly established, the myriad states paid court homage, and the rites, robes, and cultural artifacts were truly magnificent. Soon afterward he indulged every desire, treated subordinates like enemies, changed orders daily, and altered office titles monthly. Before long the southern campaign did not return, the court was driven into exile, and many records, registers, and annotations were scattered and lost. What survives in the present record cannot be complete in every detail.

梁武受命之初，官班多同宋、齊之舊，有丞相、太宰、太傅、太保、大將軍、大司馬、太尉、司徒、司空、開府儀同三司等官。諸公及位從公開府者，置官屬。有長史、司馬、諮議參軍，掾屬從事中郎、記室、主簿、列曹參軍、行參軍、舍人等官。其司徒則有左、右二長史，又增置左西掾一人，自餘僚佐，同於二府。有公則置，無則省。而司徒無公，唯省舍人，余官常置。開府儀同三司，位次三公，諸將軍、左右光祿大夫，優者則加之，同三公，置官屬。

At the beginning of Emperor Wu of Liang's reign, the official ranks largely followed the old pattern of Song and Qi. There were the offices of Chancellor, Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Grand Protector, Grand General, Grand Marshal, Grand Commandant, Minister over the Masses, Minister of Works, and Opener of an Office with Equal Privilege to the Three Excellencies. For all dukes and those of rank equal to dukes who opened offices, staff officials were established. There were the offices of Chief Administrator, Major, Advisory Aide, Staff Secretary, Attendant Secretary, Recorder, Chief Clerk, Department Aides, Acting Aide, and Attendant, among others. The Minister over the Masses had left and right Chief Administrators; one additional Left Western Secretary was also established. The remaining staff followed the two offices. When there was a duke, they were established; when there was none, they were abolished. When there was no duke as Minister over the Masses, only the Attendants were abolished; the remaining offices were regularly established. Opener of an Office with Equal Privilege to the Three Excellencies ranked next after the Three Excellencies. Superior generals and Left and Right Masters of Brilliant Happiness were given this title; equal to the Three Excellencies, they established staff officials.

特進，舊位從公。武帝以鄧禹列侯就第，特進奉朝請，是特引見之稱，無官定體。於是革之。

Special Advancement: formerly its rank followed that of a duke. When Emperor Wu saw that Deng Yu, as an enfeoffed marquis living in retirement, held the title Special Advancement with Court Attendance, he recognized that this was merely a title for special audience and had no fixed institutional form. Thereupon he reformed it.

尚書省，置令，左、右僕射各一人。又置吏部、祠部、度支、左戶、都官、五兵等六尚書。左右丞各一人。吏部、刪定、三公、比部、祠部、儀曹、虞曹、主客、度支、殿中、金部、倉部、左戶、駕部、起部、屯田、都官、水部、庫部、功論、中兵、外兵、騎兵等郎二十三人。令史百二十人，書令史百三十人。

The Department of State Affairs had one Director and one Left and one Right Vice Director. There were also six Ministers of the Department: Personnel, Rites, Revenue, Left Households, Justice, and Five Armies. There was one Left and one Right Assistant Director. There were twenty-three Directors: Personnel, Review and Fixation, Three Excellencies, Comparison, Rites, Ceremonial, Parks, Foreign Guests, Revenue, Palace Affairs, Gold, Granaries, Left Households, Chariots, Construction, Garrison Fields, Justice, Waterways, Armories, Merit Evaluation, Central Military, External Military, and Cavalry. There were 120 Clerks and 130 Writing Clerks.

尚書掌出納王命，敷奏萬機。令總統之。僕射副令，又與尚書分領諸曹。令闕，則左僕射為主。其祠部尚書多不置，以右僕射主之。若左、右僕射並闕，則置尚書僕射以掌左事，置祠部尚書以掌右事。然則尚書僕射、祠部尚書不恆置矣。又有起部尚書，營宗廟宮室則權置之。事畢則省，以其事分屬都官、左戶二尚書。左、右丞各一人，佐令、僕射知省事。左掌台內分職儀、禁令、報人章，督錄近道文書章表奏事，糾諸不法。右掌台內藏及廬舍、凡諸器用之物，督錄遠道文書章表奏事。凡諸尚書文書，詣中書省者，密事皆以挈囊盛之，封以左丞印。自晉以後，八座及郎中多不奏事。天監元年詔曰：「自禮闈陵替，曆茲永久，郎署備員，無取職事。糠粃文案，貴尚虛閑，空有趨墀之名，了無握蘭之實。曹郎可依昔奏事。」自是始奏事矣。三年，置侍郎，視通直郎。其郎中在職勤能，滿二歲者，轉之。又有五都令史，與左、右丞共知所司。舊用人常輕，九年詔曰：「尚書五都，職參政要，非但總領眾局，亦乃方軌二丞。頃雖求才，未臻妙簡，可革用士流，每盡時彥，庶同持領，秉此群目。」於是以都令史視奉朝請。其年，以太學博士劉納兼殿中都，司空法曹參軍劉顯兼吏部都，太學博士孔虔孫兼金部都，司空法曹參軍蕭軌兼左戶都，宣毅墨曹參軍王顒兼中兵都。五人並以才地兼美，首膺茲選矣。駕部又別領車府署，庫部領南、北武庫二署令丞。

The Department of State Affairs managed the receipt and dispatch of royal commands and the presentation of the myriad affairs of state. The Director presided over all of it. The Vice Directors assisted the Director and also shared with the Ministers in overseeing the various bureaus. When the Director's post was vacant, the Left Vice Director took charge. The Minister of Rites was often not established; the Right Vice Director presided over that office. If both Left and Right Vice Directors were vacant, a Vice Director of the Department was established to manage left affairs, and a Minister of Rites was established to manage right affairs. Thus the Vice Director of the Department and the Minister of Rites were not permanently established. There was also a Minister of Construction, established provisionally when ancestral temples or palaces were being built. When the work was finished it was abolished, and its duties were divided between the Ministers of Justice and Left Households. There was one Left and one Right Assistant Director to assist the Director and Vice Directors in managing departmental affairs. The Left Assistant Director managed internal division of duties, protocol, prohibitions, seals for reporting personnel, supervised and recorded near-route documents, memorials, and reports, and corrected all irregularities. The Right Assistant Director managed the department's internal stores, quarters, and all utensils and goods, and supervised and recorded distant-route documents, memorials, and reports. For all documents of the Department of State Affairs sent to the Secretariat, confidential matters were placed in leather pouches and sealed with the Left Assistant Director's seal. From Jin onward, the Eight Seats and Directors often did not present memorials. In the first year of Tianjian an edict said: "Since the ritual offices declined, a long time has passed; the Director's offices exist only to fill posts and have no real duties. Their work is chaff-filled paperwork prized for idle leisure; they have the name of rushing to the court hall but none of the reality of holding the orchid seal. Department Directors may present memorials as in former times. From this time memorial presentation began again. In the third year, Vice Directors were established, equal in rank to Direct Regular Attendants. Directors who served diligently and capably for two full years were transferred to these posts. There were also five Capital Clerks who, together with the Left and Right Assistant Directors, managed their respective departments. Formerly those appointed to these posts were often held in low esteem. In the ninth year an edict said: "The five Capital Clerks of the Department of State Affairs participate in important government affairs; they not only oversee all bureaus but also stand on equal footing with the two Assistant Directors. Recently, though talent has been sought, the finest selections have not yet been achieved. They should be drawn from the scholar-official class, always selecting the outstanding men of the age, so that they may jointly hold the reins and oversee these many offices. Thereupon Capital Clerks were treated as equal to Court Attendants. That year, the Imperial Academy Erudite Liu Na was additionally appointed Capital Clerk of Palace Affairs; Liu Xian, Legal Bureau Aide of the Minister of Works, was additionally appointed Capital Clerk of Personnel; Kong Qiansun, Imperial Academy Erudite, was additionally appointed Capital Clerk of Gold; Xiao Gui, Legal Bureau Aide of the Minister of Works, was additionally appointed Capital Clerk of Left Households; and Wang Yong, Ink Bureau Aide of the Propagation of Martial Virtue, was additionally appointed Capital Clerk of Central Military. All five were men of combined talent and standing, and were the first to receive this selection. The Chariots Department also separately oversaw the Charrion Office; the Armories Department oversaw the Directors of the Southern and Northern Military Storehouses.

門下省置侍中、給事黃門侍郎各四人，掌侍從左右，擯相威儀，盡規獻納，糾正違闕。監令嘗禦藥，封璽書。侍中高功者，在職一年，詔加侍中祭酒，與侍郎高功者一人，對掌禁令，公車、太官、太醫等令，驊騮廄丞。

The Palace Secretariat had four Attendants-in-Ordinary and four Gentlemen Attendants of the Yellow Gate, who attended at the ruler's side, arranged ceremonial dignity, offered remonstrance and advice, and corrected violations and omissions. They supervised the imperial medicines and sealed the edicts. For Attendants-in-Ordinary of high merit, after one year in office an edict added the title Attendant-in-Ordinary Libationer; together with one highly meritorious Gentleman Attendant, they jointly managed prohibitions, the Directors of the Public Chariots, Grand Provisioner, Imperial Physician, and the Director of the Hualiu Stable.

集書省置散騎常侍、通直散騎常侍各四人。員外散騎常侍無員。散騎侍郎、通直郎各四人。又有員外散騎侍郎、給事中、奉朝請、常侍侍郎，掌侍從左右，獻納得失，省諸奏聞文書。意異者，隨事為駁。集錄比詔比璽，為諸優文策文，平處諸文章詩頌。常侍高功者一人為祭酒，與侍郎高功者一人，對掌禁令，糾諸逋違。

The Secretariat for Drafting had four Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue and four Direct Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue. Extra Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue had no fixed quota. There were four Gentlemen of the Loose Retinue and four Direct Attendants. There were also Extra Gentlemen of the Loose Retinue, Gentlemen for Attending to Affairs, Court Attendants, and Regular Attendant Gentlemen, who attended at the ruler's side, offered advice on gains and losses, and reviewed all memorials submitted for the ruler's attention. Where they found disagreement, they rebutted the matter as appropriate. They collected and recorded edicts and seal-proclamations, drafted laudatory documents and policy essays, and edited essays, poems, and eulogies. One highly meritorious Regular Attendant served as Libationer; together with one highly meritorious Gentleman Attendant, they jointly managed prohibitions and corrected all delinquencies.

駙馬、奉車、車騎三都尉，並無員。駙馬以加尚公主者，無班秩。

The Commandants of the Imperial Son-in-Law, Chariot Service, and Chariots and Cavalry had no fixed quota. Imperial Son-in-Law was conferred on those who married imperial princesses and carried no formal rank.

散騎常侍、通直散騎常侍、員外散騎常侍，舊並為顯職，與侍中通官。宋代以來，或輕或雜，其官漸替。天監六年革選，詔曰：「在昔晉初，仰惟盛化，常侍、侍中，並奏帷幄，員外常侍，特為清顯。陸始名公之胤，位居納言，曲蒙優禮，方有斯授。可分門下二局，委散騎常侍尚書案奏，分曹入集書。通直常侍，本為顯爵，員外之選，宜參舊准人數，依正員格。」自是散騎視侍中，通直視中丞，員外視黃門郎。

Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue, Direct Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue, and Extra Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue were formerly all eminent offices and shared office with Attendants-in-Ordinary. From the Song period onward they were sometimes devalued or mixed with other duties, and the office gradually declined. In the sixth year of Tianjian, when the selection system was reformed, an edict said: "In former times at the beginning of Jin, reflecting on that flourishing age, Regular Attendants and Attendants-in-Ordinary both presented memorials within the inner curtain; Extra Regular Attendants were especially clear and eminent. Lu Kai, descendant of a famous house, held the position of Chief Counselor and received special favor before this appointment was granted. The two bureaus of the Palace Secretariat may be divided, entrusting Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue with Department memorials, each bureau entering the Secretariat for Drafting. Direct Regular Attendant was originally an eminent rank; selections for Extra posts should follow the old quota of numbers according to the regular establishment. From this time Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue were treated as equal to Attendants-in-Ordinary, Direct Regular Attendants as equal to Censor-in-Chief, and Extra Attendants as equal to Gentlemen of the Yellow Gate.

中書省置監、令各一人，掌出內帝命。侍郎四人，功高者一人，主省內事。又有通事舍人、主事令史等員，及置令史，以承其事。通事舍人，舊入直閤內。梁用人殊重，簡以才能，不限資地，多以他官兼領。其後除通事，直曰中書舍人。

The Secretariat had one Supervisor and one Director, who managed the issuance of the emperor's commands. There were four Vice Directors; the one of highest merit managed internal affairs of the department. There were also Attendants for General Affairs, Chief Clerks, and other posts, as well as Clerks established to carry out the work. Attendants for General Affairs formerly entered duty within the inner gate. Liang held this appointment in special esteem, selecting by ability without limiting family background; many held it concurrently with other offices. Later the title Attendant for General Affairs was abolished and they were directly called Secretaries of the Secretariat.

秘書省置監、丞各一人，郎四人，掌國之典籍圖書。著作郎一人，佐郎八人，掌國史，集注起居。著作郎謂之大著作，梁初周舍、裴子野，皆以他官領之。又有撰史學士，亦知史書。佐郎為起家之選。

The Imperial Library had one Supervisor and one Assistant Director and four Directors, who managed the state's classics and books. There was one Master of Writing and eight Assistant Directors, who managed the national history and collected and annotated the records of daily attendance. The Master of Writing was called the Grand Master of Writing; in the early Liang, Zhou She and Pei Ziye both held it concurrently with other offices. There were also Scholar-Historians for Compilation, who also managed historical records. Assistant Director was the entry-level selection for office.

謁者台，僕射一人，掌朝覲賓饗之事。屬官謁者十人，掌奉詔出使拜假，朝會擯贊。高功者一人為假史，掌差次謁者。

The Herald Office had one Vice Director, who managed affairs of court audience and guest banquets. Subordinate officials included ten Heralds, who managed missions bearing edicts, leave requests, and arrangement and praise at court assemblies. The one of highest merit served as Acting Clerk and managed the assignment of Heralds.

諸卿，梁初猶依宋、齊，皆無卿名。天監七年，乙太常為太常卿，加置宗正卿，以大司農為司農卿，三卿是為春卿。加置太府卿，以少府為少府卿，加置太僕卿，三卿是為夏卿。以衛尉為衛尉卿，廷尉為廷尉卿，將作大匠為大匠卿。三卿是為秋卿。以光祿勳為光祿卿，大鴻臚為鴻臚卿，都水使者為太舟卿，三卿是為冬卿。凡十二卿，皆置丞及功曹、主簿。而太常視金紫光祿大夫，統明堂、二廟、太史、太祝、廩犧、太樂、鼓吹、乘黃、北館、典客館等令丞，及陵監、國學等。又置協律校尉、總章校尉監、掌故、樂正之屬，以掌樂事。太樂又有清商署丞，太史別有靈台丞。詔以為陵監之名，不出前誥，且宗廟憲章，既備典禮，園寢職司，理不容異，諸正陵先立監者改為令。於是陵置令矣。

The various ministers: in the early Liang they still followed Song and Qi and had no ministerial titles. In the seventh year of Tianjian, the Grand Master of Ceremonies was renamed Minister of Ceremonies; the Minister of the Imperial Clan was also established—these three ministers were the Spring Ministers. The Minister of the Grand Granary was established; the Minister of the Palace Stores was renamed Minister of the Palace Stores; the Minister of the Imperial Stud was also established—these three were the Summer Ministers. The Commandant of the Guards was renamed Commandant of the Guards; the Commandant of Punishments was renamed Commandant of Punishments; the Master of Construction was renamed Master of Construction. These three were the Autumn Ministers. The Supervisor of the Masters of Brilliant Happiness was renamed Minister of Brilliant Happiness; the Grand Herald was renamed Minister of the Grand Herald; the Commissioner of Waterways was renamed Minister of Great Vessels—these three were the Winter Ministers. In all there were twelve ministers; each had an Assistant Director, Merit Clerk, and Chief Clerk. The Minister of Ceremonies was treated as equal to the Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Cord; he oversaw the Directors and Assistant Directors of the Bright Hall, Two Temples, Grand Astrologer, Grand Sacrificer, Stable Sacrifices, Grand Music, Drum and Pipe, Chariot Service, Northern Lodge, and Guest Reception Hall, as well as Tomb Supervisors and the National Academy. Harmony Regulators, General Regulation Supervisors, Archivists, and Music Masters were also established to manage musical affairs. Grand Music also had an Assistant Director of the Clear Shang Office; the Grand Astrologer separately had an Assistant Director of the Spirit Tower. An edict held that the title Tomb Supervisor did not appear in earlier proclamations; since the regulations for ancestral temples were already complete in the canonical rites, the duties of managing imperial tombs could not be treated differently, and all Tomb Supervisors previously established at major tombs were changed to Directors. Thereupon Directors were established for the tombs.

國學，有祭酒一人，博士二人，助教十人，太學博士八人。又有限外博士員。天監四年，置五經博士各一人。舊國子學生，限以貴賤，帝欲招來後進，五館生皆引寒門俊才，不限人數。大同七年，國子祭酒到溉等，又表立正言博士一人，位視國子博士。置助教二人。

The National Academy had one Libationer, two Erudites, ten Assistant Instructors, and eight Erudites of the Imperial Academy. There were also Extra Erudites beyond the regular quota. In the fourth year of Tianjian, one Erudite for each of the Five Classics was established. Formerly students of the National Academy were limited by noble and base status; the emperor wished to recruit promising young men, and students of the Five Halls were all drawn from talented men of humble families without limit on numbers. In the seventh year of Datong, the National Academy Libationer Dao Gai and others also memorialized to establish one Erudite of Standard Speech, equal in rank to the National Academy Erudite. Two Assistant Instructors were established.

宗正卿，位視列曹尚書，主皇室外戚之籍。以宗室為之。

The Minister of the Imperial Clan was treated as equal to a Minister of a Department; he managed the registers of the imperial clan and maternal relatives. A member of the imperial clan held the post.

司農卿，位視散騎常侍，主農功倉廩。統太倉、導官、籍田、上林令，又管樂游、北苑丞，左右中部三倉丞，莢庫、荻庫、箬庫丞，湖西諸屯主。天監九年，又置勸農謁者，視殿中禦史。

The Minister of the Grand Granary was treated as equal to a Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue; he managed agricultural work and granaries. He oversaw the Directors of the Grand Granary, Guiding Granary, Registered Fields, and Upper Forest, and also managed the Assistant Directors of the Music Park and Northern Park, the Assistant Directors of the Left, Right, and Central Three Granaries, and the Assistant Directors of the Bean Storehouse, Reed Storehouse, and Bamboo Storehouse, as well as the Chiefs of the various garrison fields west of the lake. In the ninth year of Tianjian, Agricultural Encouragement Heralds were also established, treated as equal to Palace Censors.

太府卿，位視宗正，掌金帛府帑。統左右藏令、上庫丞，掌太倉、南北市令。關津亦皆屬焉。

The Minister of the Palace Treasury was treated as equal to the Minister of the Imperial Clan; he managed gold, silk, and the treasury stores. He oversaw the Directors of the Left and Right Storehouses and the Assistant Director of the Upper Storehouse, and managed the Directors of the Grand Granary and the Southern and Northern Markets. Pass checkpoints and ferry stations also fell under his jurisdiction.

少府卿，位視尚書左丞，置材官將軍、左中右尚方、甄官、平水署、南塘邸稅庫、東西冶、中黃、細作、炭庫、紙官、柴署等令丞。

The Minister of the Palace Stores was treated as equal to the Left Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs; he established the General of Works Materials, the Left, Central, and Right Masters of Upper Works, the Master of the Foundry, the Office of Level Waterways, the Southern Pond Tax Storehouse, the Eastern and Western Smelting Works, the Central Yellow Office, Fine Craftsmanship, the Charcoal Storehouse, the Paper Office, and the Firewood Office, each with Directors and Assistant Directors.

衛僕卿，位視黃門侍郎，統南馬牧、左右牧、龍廄、內外廄丞。又有弘訓太僕，亦置屬官。

The Minister of the Imperial Stud was treated as equal to a Gentleman Attendant of the Yellow Gate; he oversaw the Directors of the Southern Horse Pasture, Left and Right Pastures, Dragon Stable, and Inner and Outer Stables. There was also the Propagation of Instruction Imperial Stud, which also had subordinate officials.

衛尉卿，位視侍中，掌宮門屯兵。卿每月、丞每旬行宮徼，糾察不法。統武庫令、公車司馬令。又有弘訓衛尉，亦置屬官。

The Commandant of the Guards was treated as equal to an Attendant-in-Ordinary; he managed the garrison troops of the palace gates. The Minister inspected the palace monthly and the Assistant Director every ten days, correcting all irregularities. He oversaw the Director of the Military Storehouse and the Director of the Public Chariots and Cavalry. There was also the Propagation of Instruction Commandant of the Guards, which also had subordinate officials.

廷尉卿，梁國初建，曰大理，天監元年，複改為廷尉。有正、監、平三人。元會，廷尉三官與建康三官，皆法冠玄衣朝服，以監東、西、中華門。手執方木，長三尺，方一寸，謂之執方。四年，置胄子律博士，位視員外郎。

The Commandant of Punishments: when Liang was first established it was called the Court of Great Reason; in the first year of Tianjian it was again changed to Commandant of Punishments. There were three officials: Director, Supervisor, and Assessor. At the New Year's assembly, the three officials of the Commandant of Punishments and the three officials of Jiankang all wore law caps and dark robes in court dress to supervise the Eastern, Western, and Central Chinese Gates. They held in their hands a square piece of wood three feet long and one inch square, called the Holder of the Square. In the fourth year, an Erudite of Military Law for the Crown Prince was established, equal in rank to an Extra Director.

大匠卿，位視太僕，掌土木之工。統左、右校諸署。

The Master of Construction was treated as equal to the Minister of the Imperial Stud; he managed earth and wood construction. He oversaw the Left and Right School and various offices.

光祿卿，位視太子中庶子，掌宮殿門戶。統守宮、黃門、華林園、暴室等令。又有左右光祿、金紫光祿、太中、中散等大夫，並無員，以養老疾。

The Minister of Brilliant Happiness was treated as equal to the Crown Prince's Supervisor of the Household; he managed the palace gates and doorways. He oversaw the Directors of the Palace Guard, Yellow Gate, Hualin Park, and Punishment Office. There were also the Left and Right Masters of Brilliant Happiness, Masters of the Gold Seal and Purple Cord, Grand Masters of Palace Attendance, and Masters of Palace Attendance, all without fixed quota, to support the aged and infirm.

鴻臚卿，位視尚書左丞，掌導護贊拜。

The Minister of the Grand Herald was treated as equal to the Left Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs; he managed guidance, protection, and ceremonial praise.

太舟卿，梁初為都水台，使者一人，參軍事二人，河堤謁者八人。七年，改焉。位視中書郎，列卿之最末者也。主舟航堤渠。

The Minister of Great Vessels: in the early Liang it was the Waterways Office, with one Commissioner, two Aides, and eight Waterway Heralds. In the seventh year it was changed. Its rank was treated as equal to a Secretary of the Secretariat; it was the lowest among the ranked ministers. It managed boats, navigation, dikes, and canals.

大長秋，主諸宦者，以司宮闈之職。統黃門、中署、奚官、暴室、華林等署。

The Grand Director of the Palace Domain managed all eunuchs and oversaw the duties of the inner palace. He oversaw the Yellow Gate, Central Office, Palace Women, Punishment Office, and Hualin offices.

領軍，護軍，左、右衛、驍騎、遊騎等六將軍，是為六軍，又有中領、中護，資輕於領、護。又左右前後四將軍，左右中郎將，屯騎、步騎、越騎、長水、射聲等五營校尉，武賁、冗從、羽林三將軍，積射、強弩二軍，殿中將軍、武騎之職，皆以分司丹禁，侍衛左右。天監六年，置左右驍騎、左右遊擊將軍，位視二率。改舊驍騎曰雲騎，遊擊曰遊騎，降左右驍、遊一階。又置硃衣直閣將軍，以經為方牧者為之。其以左右驍、遊帶領者，量給儀從。

The Commander-in-Chief, Protector-General, Left and Right Guard, Valiant Cavalry, and Mobile Cavalry Generals—these were the Six Armies; there were also Central Commander-in-Chief and Central Protector-General, whose qualifications were lower than those of the Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General. There were also the Front, Left, Right, and Rear Four Generals, Left and Right Commandants of the Central Guard, the Five Camp Commandants of Garrison Cavalry, Foot Cavalry, Yue Cavalry, Long River, and Shooter Sound, the Three Generals of the Martial Tiger, Attendant Retinue, and Forest of Feathers, the Two Armies of Accumulated Shooter and Strong Crossbow, and the Palace Generals and Martial Cavalry—all dividing duties within the vermilion forbidden zone to attend and guard at the ruler's side. In the sixth year of Tianjian, Left and Right Valiant Cavalry and Left and Right Mobile Attack Generals were established, equal in rank to the Two Commanders. The old Valiant Cavalry was renamed Cloud Cavalry and Mobile Attack was renamed Mobile Cavalry; Left and Right Valiant and Mobile were lowered one step. Scarlet-Robed Direct Gate Generals were also established, filled by those who had served as regional governors. For those who held Left and Right Valiant and Mobile concurrently, ceremonial attendants were granted according to measure.

太子太傅一人，位視尚書令。少傅一人，位視左僕射。天監初，又置東宮常侍，皆散騎常侍為之。

The Crown Prince's Grand Tutor: one person, rank equal to the Director of the Department of State Affairs. Junior Tutor: one person, rank equal to the Left Vice Director. In the early Tianjian period, Eastern Palace Regular Attendants were also established, all filled by Regular Attendants of the Loose Retinue.

詹事，位視中護軍，任總宮朝。二傅及詹事，各置丞、功曹、主簿。五官、家令、率更令僕各一人。家令，自宋、齊已來，清流者不為之。天監六年，帝以三卿陵替，乃詔革選。家令視通直常侍，率更、僕視黃門三等，皆置丞。中大通三年，以昭明太子妃居金華宮，又置金華家令。

Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household: rank equal to the Central Protector-General; he had overall charge of the palace court. The Two Tutors and the Superintendent each had an Assistant Director, Merit Clerk, and Chief Clerk. Five Officers, Director of the Household, and Commandant of the Watch and Gate: one each. Director of the Household: from Song and Qi onward, men of pure lineage did not hold this post. In the sixth year of Tianjian, because the three ministers had declined, the emperor ordered a reform of selections. Director of the Household was treated as equal to Direct Regular Attendant; Commandant of the Watch and Gate and Steward were treated as equal to the third rank of Yellow Gate; all had Assistant Directors. In the third year of Zhongtong, because the Crown Prince Zhao Ming's consort resided at Jinhua Palace, a Jinhua Director of the Household was also established.

左、右衛率各一人，位視禦史中丞。各有丞。左率領果毅、統遠、立忠、建寧、陵鋒、夷寇、祚德等七營，右率領崇榮、永吉、崇和、細射等四營。二率各置殿中將軍十人，員外將軍十人，正員司馬四人。又有員外司馬督官。共屯騎、步兵、翊軍三校尉各一人，謂之三校。旅賁中郎將、冗從僕射各一人，謂之二將。左、右積弩將軍各一人。門大夫一人，視謁者僕射。

Left and Right Commandants of the Guard: one each, rank equal to Censor-in-Chief. Each had an Assistant Director. The Left Commander led the seven camps of Guoyi, Tongyuan, Lizhong, Jianning, Lingfeng, Yikou, and Zoude; the Right Commander led the four camps of Chongrong, Yongji, Chonghe, and Xishe. Each of the Two Commanders established ten Palace Generals, ten Extra Generals, and four regular Majors. There were also Extra Majors supervising officials. Together the Commandants of Garrison Cavalry, Foot Cavalry, and Support Army: one each—these were called the Three Commandants. Central Commandant of the Imperial Guard and Vice Director of the Attendant Retinue: one each—these were called the Two Generals. Left and Right Accumulated Crossbow Generals: one each. Gate Grand Master: one person, treated as equal to Vice Director of Heralds.

中庶子四人，功高者一人為祭酒。行則負璽，前後部護駕。

Supervisors of the Household: four persons; the one of highest merit served as Libationer. When traveling he carried the seal; he escorted the ruler before and behind.

中舍人四人，功高者一人，與中庶子祭酒共掌其坊之禁令。又有通事守舍人、典事守舍人、典法守舍人員。

Attendants of the Household: four persons; the one of highest merit, together with the Libationer among the Supervisors of the Household, jointly managed the prohibitions of that quarter. There were also Attendants for General Affairs, Custodian Attendants, and Custodian of Law Attendants.

庶子四人，掌侍從左右，獻納得失。高功者一人，與高功舍人共掌其坊之禁令。

Junior Supervisors: four persons, who attended at the ruler's side and offered advice on gains and losses. The one of highest merit, together with the highly meritorious Attendant, jointly managed the prohibitions of that quarter.

舍人十六人，掌文記。通事舍人二人，視南台禦史，多以餘官兼職。典經局洗馬八人，位視通直郎。置典經守舍人、典事守舍人員。又有外監殿局，內監殿局，導客局，齋內局，主璽、主衣、扶侍等局，門局，錫庫局，內廄局，中藥藏局，食官局，外廄局，車廄局等，各置有司，以承其事。

Attendants: sixteen persons, who managed written records. Attendants for General Affairs: two persons, treated as equal to Southern Office Censors; many held the post concurrently with other offices. Masters of the Classics Bureau: eight persons, rank equal to Direct Attendant. Custodian Attendants of the Classics Bureau and Custodian Attendants for Affairs were established. There were also the Outer Supervisory Palace Bureau, Inner Supervisory Palace Bureau, Guest Guidance Bureau, Inner Quarters Bureau, Seal-Holding Bureau, Robe-Holding Bureau, Attendance Bureau, Gate Bureau, Tin Storehouse Bureau, Inner Stable Bureau, Central Medicine Storehouse Bureau, Food Office Bureau, Outer Stable Bureau, Chariot Stable Bureau, and others; each had responsible officials to carry out the work.

皇弟、皇子府，置師，長史，司馬，從事中郎，諮議參軍，及掾屬中錄事、中記室、中直兵等參軍，功曹史，錄事、記室、中兵等參軍，文學，主簿，正參軍、行參軍、長兼行參軍等員。嗣王府則減皇弟皇子府師、友、文學、長兼行參軍。蕃王府則又減嗣王從事中郎，諮議參軍，掾屬錄事、記室、中兵參軍等員。自此以下，則並不登二品。

For the households of imperial younger brothers and princes there were established Tutor, Chief Administrator, Major, Attendant Secretary, Advisory Aide, and Aides including Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, Central Direct Military Aide, Merit Clerk, Recorder, Central Military Aide, Literary Scholar, Chief Clerk, Regular Aide, Acting Aide, and Senior Concurrent Acting Aide. For successor princes' households, the Tutor, Friend, Literary Scholar, and Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of the imperial younger brother and prince households were reduced. For feudal princes' households, the Attendant Secretary, Advisory Aide, and Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides of successor princes were further reduced. From this level downward, none ranked in the second grade.

王國置郎中令、將軍、常侍官。又置典祠令、廟長、陵長、典醫丞、典府丞、典書令、學官令、食官長、中尉、侍郎、執事中尉、司馬、謁者、典衛令、舍人、中大夫、大農等官。嗣王國則唯置郎中令、中尉、常侍、大農等員。蕃王則無常侍。自此以下，並不登二品。

Princely states established Directors of Gentlemen, Generals, and Regular Attendant officials. They also established Directors of Sacrificial Affairs, Temple Chiefs, Tomb Chiefs, Directors of the Medical Bureau, Directors of the Treasury Bureau, Directors of Documents, Directors of the Academy, Chiefs of the Food Office, Central Commandant, Vice Director, Acting Central Commandant, Major, Herald, Director of the Guard Bureau, Attendant, Grand Master, and Grand Agriculture officials. Successor princely states had only Directors of Gentlemen, Central Commandant, Regular Attendant, and Grand Agriculture, as recorded here. Feudal princes had no Regular Attendant, as recorded here. From this level downward, none ranked in the second grade, as recorded here.

諸王皆假金獸符第一至第五左，竹使符第一至第十左。諸公侯皆假銅獸符，竹使符第一至第五。名山大澤不以封。鹽鐵金銀銅錫，及竹園別都，宮室園圃，皆不以屬國。

All princes were granted gold beast talismans of the first through fifth ranks on the left, and bamboo envoy talismans of the first through tenth ranks on the left, as recorded here. All dukes and marquises were granted bronze beast talismans and bamboo envoy talismans of the first through fifth ranks, as recorded here. Famous mountains and great marshes were not granted as fiefs, as recorded here. Salt, iron, gold, silver, copper, and tin, as well as bamboo groves and separate commanderies, palace buildings and gardens, were none of them assigned to princely states, as recorded here.

諸王言曰令，境內稱之曰殿下。公侯封郡縣者，言曰教，境內稱之曰第下。自稱皆曰寡人。相以下，公文上事，皆詣典書。世子主國，其文書表疏，儀式如臣而不稱臣。文書下群官，皆言告。諸王公侯國官，皆稱臣。上於天朝，皆稱陪臣。有所陳，皆曰上疏。其公文曰言事。五等諸公，位視三公，班次之。開皇諸侯，位視孤卿、重號將軍、光祿大夫，班次之。開國諸伯，位視九卿，班次之。開國諸子，位視二千石，班次之。開國諸男，位視比二千石，班次之。公已下，各置相、典祠、典書令、典衛長一人。而伯子典書謂之長，典衛謂之丞。男典祠謂之長，典書謂之丞，無典衛。諸公已下，台為選置相，掌知百姓事。典祠已下，自選補上。諸列侯食邑千戶已上，置家丞、庶子員。不滿千戶，則但置庶子員。

Princes addressed themselves as "Command"; within their domains they were addressed as "Your Highness." Dukes and marquises enfeoffed with commanderies and counties addressed themselves as "Instruction"; within their domains they were addressed as "Your Residence." They all addressed themselves as "I, the unworthy one." Below the Chancellor, all official documents and reports were submitted to the Director of Documents, as recorded here. Upon the heir governed the state, his documents and memorials followed the forms of a minister but did not call himself minister. Documents issued to subordinate officials all said "Proclamation." All officials of princely, ducal, and marquis states called themselves ministers, as recorded here. Upon appearing at the imperial court, all called themselves accompanying ministers. Upon making representations, all said "Submitting a memorial." Their official documents said "Reporting an affair." Dukes of the five ranks—rank equal to the Three Excellencies, precedence next after them. Marquises who founded states under Kaihuang—rank equal to Solitary Ministers, Heavy-Titled Generals, and Masters of Brilliant Happiness; precedence next after them. Earls who founded states—rank equal to the Nine Ministers; precedence next after them. Viscounts who founded states—rank equal to two-thousand-shi; precedence next after them. Barons who founded states—rank equal to equivalent two-thousand-shi; precedence next after them. From dukes downward, each established one Chancellor, Director of Sacrificial Affairs, Director of Documents, and Chief of the Guard Bureau, as recorded here. For earls and viscounts, Director of Documents was called Chief and Chief of the Guard Bureau was called Assistant Director, as recorded here. For barons, Director of Sacrificial Affairs was called Chief, Director of Documents was called Assistant Director, and there was no Chief of the Guard Bureau, as recorded here. From dukes downward, the central offices selected and appointed the Chancellor, who managed the affairs of the common people, as recorded here. From Director of Sacrificial Affairs downward, they selected and filled posts themselves, as recorded here. Every ranked marquises with fiefs of one thousand households or more, Household Assistant and Junior Supervisor posts were established. For those with fewer than one thousand households, only a Junior Supervisor was established, as recorded here.

州刺史二千石，受拜之明日，辭宮廟而行。州置別駕、治中從事各一人，主簿，西曹、議曹從事，祭酒從事，部傳從事，文學從事，各因其州之大小而置員。郡置太守，置丞。國曰內史。郡丞，三萬戶以上，置佐一人。

Prefects of provinces at two-thousand-shi rank, on the day after receiving appointment, paid respects at the ancestral temple and then departed, as recorded here. Provinces established one Administrative Aide and one Supervising Aide each, a Chief Clerk, Western Bureau Aide, Advisory Aide, Libationer Aide, Dispatch Aide, and Literary Aide—the number of each depending on the size of the province, as recorded here. Commanderies established a Grand Administrator and an Assistant Director, as recorded here. Princely states were called Inner Secretaries, as recorded here. For commandery Assistant Directors, in commanderies of thirty thousand households or more, one Assistant was established, as recorded here.

縣為國曰相，大縣為令，小縣為長，皆置丞、尉。郡縣置吏，亦各准州法，以大小而制員。郡縣吏有書僮，有武吏，有醫，有迎新、送故等員。亦各因其大小而置焉。

Counties in princely states were called Chancellors; large counties had Magistrates and small counties had Chiefs—all with Assistant Directors and Commandants, as recorded here. Commanderies and counties established clerks according to provincial regulations, with numbers determined by size, as recorded here. Commandery and county clerks included scribes, military clerks, physicians, and posts for welcoming new officials and seeing off departing ones, as recorded here. The number of each also depended on size, as recorded here.

天監初，武帝命尚書刪定郎濟陽蔡法度，定令為九品。秩定，帝於品下注一品秩為萬石，第二第三為中二千石，第四第五為二千石。至七年，革選，徐勉為吏部尚書，定為十八班。以班多者為貴，同班者，則以居下者為劣。

At the beginning of Tianjian, Emperor Wu ordered Cai Fadu, Director of Review and Fixation in the Department of State Affairs, to fix the ordinances into nine grades, as recorded here. Upon the ranks were fixed, the emperor annotated the first grade as ten-thousand-shi, the second and third as middle two-thousand-shi, and the fourth and fifth as two-thousand-shi. By the seventh year, when selections were reformed, Xu Mian as Minister of Personnel fixed them as eighteen classes, as recorded here. Those with more classes were more honored; where classes were equal, the one lower in the list was inferior, as recorded here.

丞相、太宰、太傅、太保、大司馬、大將軍、太尉、司徒、司空，為十八班。

Chancellor, Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Grand Protector, Grand Marshal, Grand General, Grand Commandant, Minister over the Masses, and Minister of Works. These offices belonged to the eighteen class.

諸將軍開府儀同三司、左右光祿開府儀同三司，為十七班。

Generals who opened offices with equal privilege to the Three Excellencies, and Left and Right Masters of Brilliant Happiness who opened such offices. These offices belonged to the seventeen class.

尚書令、太子太傅、左右光祿大夫，為十六班。

Director of the Department of State Affairs, Crown Prince's Grand Tutor, and Left and Right Masters of Brilliant Happiness. These offices belonged to the sixteen class.

尚書左僕射，太子少傅，尚書僕射、右僕射，中書監，特進，領、護軍將軍，為十五班。

Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Crown Prince's Junior Tutor, Vice Directors of the Department of State Affairs, Supervisor of the Secretariat, Special Advancement, Commander-in-Chief, and Protector-General. These offices belonged to the fifteen class.

中領、護軍，吏部尚書，太子詹事，金紫光祿大夫，太常卿，為十四班。

Central Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General, Minister of Personnel, Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household, Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Cord, and Minister of Ceremonies. These offices belonged to the fourteen class.

中書令，列曹尚書，國子祭酒，宗正、太府卿，光祿大夫，為十三班。

Director of the Secretariat, Ministers of the various departments, National Academy Libationer, Ministers of the Imperial Clan and Palace Treasury, and Master of Brilliant Happiness. These offices belonged to the thirteen class.

侍中，散騎常侍，左、右衛將軍，司徒左長史，衛尉卿，為十二班。

Attendant-in-Ordinary, Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue, Left and Right Guard Generals, Left Chief Administrator of the Minister over the Masses, and Commandant of the Guards. These offices belonged to the twelve class.

御史中丞，尚書吏部郎，秘書監，通直散騎常侍，太子左、右二衛率，左、右驍騎，左、右遊擊，太中大夫，皇弟皇子師，司農，少府、廷尉卿，太子中庶子，光祿卿，為十一班。

Censor-in-Chief, Director of Personnel in the Department of State Affairs, Supervisor of the Imperial Library, Direct Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue, Left and Right Commandants of the Crown Prince's Guard, Left and Right Valiant Cavalry, Left and Right Mobile Attack, Grand Master of Palace Attendance, Tutors of imperial younger brothers and princes, Minister of the Grand Granary, Ministers of the Palace Stores and Punishments, Supervisors of the Crown Prince's Household, and Minister of Brilliant Happiness. These offices belonged to the eleven class.

給事黃門侍郎，員外散騎常侍，皇弟皇子府長史，太僕、大匠卿，太子家令、率更令、僕，揚州別駕，中散大夫，司徒右長史，雲騎，遊騎，皇弟皇子府司馬，硃衣直閣將軍，為十班。

Gentleman Attendant of the Yellow Gate, Extra Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue, Chief Administrator of imperial younger brother and prince households, Ministers of the Imperial Stud and Construction, Directors of the Crown Prince's Household, Commandant of the Watch and Gate, and Steward, Yangzhou Administrative Aide, Master of Palace Attendance, Right Chief Administrator of the Minister over the Masses, Cloud Cavalry and Mobile Cavalry Generals, Major of imperial younger brother and prince households, and Scarlet-Robed Direct Gate General. These offices belonged to the ten class.

尚書左丞，鴻臚卿，中書侍郎，國子博士，太子庶子，揚州中從事，皇弟皇子公府從事中郎，太舟卿，大長秋，皇弟皇子府諮議，嗣王府長史，前左右後四軍、嗣王府司馬，庶姓公府長史，司馬，為九班。

Left Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, Minister of the Grand Herald, Secretary of the Secretariat, National Academy Erudite, Junior Supervisor of the Crown Prince, Yangzhou Supervising Aide, Attendant Secretary of imperial younger brother and ducal households, Minister of Great Vessels, Grand Director of the Palace Domain, Advisory Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households, Chief Administrator of successor princes' households, Front, Left, Right, and Rear Four Generals and Major of successor princes' households, Chief Administrator and Major of commoner ducal households. These offices belonged to the nine class.

秘書丞，太子中舍人，司徒左西掾，司徒屬，皇弟皇子友，散騎侍郎，尚書右丞，南徐州別駕，皇弟皇子公府掾屬，皇弟皇子單為二衛司馬，嗣王庶姓公府從事中郎，左、右中郎將，嗣王庶姓公府諮議，皇弟皇子之庶子府長史、司馬，蕃王府長史、司馬，庶姓持節府長史、司馬，為八班。

Assistant Director of the Imperial Library, Attendant of the Crown Prince's Household, Left Western Secretary and Secretary of the Minister over the Masses, Friend of imperial younger brothers and princes, Gentleman of the Loose Retinue, Right Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, Southern Xuzhou Administrative Aide, Staff Secretary of imperial younger brother and ducal households, Major of imperial younger brother and prince households serving solely as Two Guard Majors, Attendant Secretary of successor and commoner ducal households, Left and Right Commandants of the Central Guard, Advisory Aide of successor and commoner ducal households, Chief Administrator and Major of junior prince and commoner ducal households, Chief Administrator and Major of feudal princes' households, and Chief Administrator and Major of commoner households holding staff of authority. These offices belonged to the eight class.

五校，東宮三校，皇弟皇子之庶子府中錄事、中記室、中直兵參軍，南徐州中從事，皇弟皇子之庶子府、蕃王府諮議，為七班。

Five Commandants, Three Commandants of the Eastern Palace, Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of junior prince households, Southern Xuzhou Supervising Aide, and Advisory Aides of junior prince and feudal princes' households. These offices belonged to the seven class.

太子洗馬，通直散騎侍郎，司徒主簿，尚書侍郎，著作郎，皇弟皇子府功曹史，五經博士，皇弟皇子府錄事、記室、中兵參軍，皇弟皇子荊江雍郢南兗五州別駕，領、護軍長史、司馬，嗣王庶姓公府掾屬，南台治書侍御史，廷尉三官，謁者僕射，太子門大夫，嗣王庶姓公府中錄事、中記室、中直兵參軍，庶姓府諮議，為六班。

Master of the Classics Bureau of the Crown Prince, Direct Regular Gentleman of the Loose Retinue, Chief Clerk of the Minister over the Masses, Secretary of the Department of State Affairs, Master of Writing, Merit Clerk of imperial younger brother and prince households, Erudite of the Five Classics, Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides of imperial younger brother and prince households, Administrative Aides of Jing, Jiang, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Chief Administrator and Major of Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General households, Staff Secretary of successor and commoner ducal households, Southern Office Supervising Censor, Three Officials of the Commandant of Punishments, Vice Director of Heralds, Gate Grand Master of the Crown Prince, Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of successor and commoner ducal households, and Advisory Aide of commoner households. These offices belonged to the six class.

尚書郎中，皇弟皇子文學及府主簿，太子太傅、少傅丞，皇弟皇子湘豫司益廣青衡七州別駕，皇弟皇子荊江雍郢南兗五州中從事，嗣王庶姓荊江雍郢南兗五州別駕，太常丞，皇弟皇子國郎中令、三將，東宮二將，嗣王府功曹史，庶姓公府錄事、記室、中兵參軍，皇弟皇子之庶子府、蕃王府中錄事、中記室、中直兵參軍，為五班。

Director of the Department of State Affairs, Literary Scholar and Chief Clerk of imperial younger brother and prince households, Assistant Directors of the Crown Prince's Two Tutors, Administrative Aides of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Supervising Aides of Jing, Jiang, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Administrative Aides of Jing, Jiang, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for successor and commoner households, Assistant Director of Ceremonies, Directors of Gentlemen and Three Generals of imperial younger brother and prince states, Two Generals of the Eastern Palace, Merit Clerk of successor princes' households, Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides of commoner ducal households, Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of junior prince and feudal princes' households. These offices belonged to the five class.

給事中，皇弟皇子府正參軍，中書舍人，建康三官，皇弟皇子北徐北兗梁交南梁五州別駕，皇弟皇子湘豫司益廣青衡七州別駕、中從事，嗣王庶姓湘豫司益廣青衡七州別駕，嗣王庶姓荊江雍郢南兗五州中從事，宗正、太府、衛尉、司農、少府、廷尉、太子詹事等丞，積射、強弩將軍，太子左右積弩將軍，皇弟皇子國大農，嗣王國郎中令，嗣王庶姓公府主簿，皇弟皇子之庶子府蕃王府功曹史，皇弟皇子之庶子府蕃王府錄事、記室、中兵參軍，為四班。

Gentleman for Attending to Affairs, Regular Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households, Secretary of the Secretariat, Three Officials of Jiankang, Administrative Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Administrative Aides and Supervising Aides of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Administrative Aides of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for successor and commoner households, Supervising Aides of Jing, Jiang, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for successor and commoner households, Assistant Directors of the Ministers of the Imperial Clan, Palace Treasury, Guards, Grand Granary, Palace Stores, Punishments, and Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household, Accumulated Shooter and Strong Crossbow Generals, Left and Right Accumulated Crossbow Generals of the Crown Prince, Grand Agriculture of imperial younger brother and prince states, Director of Gentlemen of successor princes' states, Chief Clerk of successor and commoner ducal households, Merit Clerk of junior prince and feudal princes' households, and Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides of junior prince and feudal princes' households. These offices belonged to the four class.

太子舍人，司徒祭酒，皇弟皇子公府祭酒，員外散騎侍郎，皇弟皇子府行參軍，太子太傅少傅五官功曹主簿，二衛司馬，公車令，胄子律博士，皇弟皇子越桂甯霍四州別駕，皇弟皇子北徐北兗梁交南梁五州中從事，嗣王庶姓北徐北兗梁交南梁五州別駕，湘豫司益廣青衡七州中從事，嗣王庶姓公府正參軍，皇弟皇子之庶子府蕃王府曹主簿，武衛將軍，光祿丞，皇弟皇子國中尉，太僕大匠丞，嗣王國大農，蕃王國郎中令，庶姓持節府中錄事、中記室、中直兵參軍，北館令，為三班。

Attendant of the Crown Prince, Libationer of the Minister over the Masses, Libationer of imperial younger brother and ducal households, Extra Gentleman of the Loose Retinue, Acting Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households, Five Officers, Merit Clerks, and Chief Clerks of the Crown Prince's Two Tutors, Majors of the Two Guards, Director of Public Chariots, Erudite of Military Law for the Crown Prince, Administrative Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Supervising Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Administrative Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for successor and commoner households, Supervising Aides of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for successor and commoner households, Regular Aide of successor and commoner ducal households, Chief Clerks of the various bureaus of junior prince and feudal princes' households, Martial Guard General, Assistant Director of Brilliant Happiness, Central Commandant of imperial younger brother and prince states, Assistant Directors of the Imperial Stud and Construction, Grand Agriculture of successor princes' states, Director of Gentlemen of feudal princes' states, Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of commoner households holding staff of authority, and Director of the Northern Lodge. These offices belonged to the three class.

秘書郎，著作佐郎，揚、南徐州主簿，嗣王庶姓公府祭酒，皇弟皇子單為領護詹事二衛等五官、功曹、主簿，太學博士，皇弟皇子國常侍，奉朝請，國子助教，皇弟皇子越桂甯霍四州中從事，皇弟皇子荊江雍郢南兗五州主簿，嗣王庶姓越桂甯霍四州別駕，嗣王庶姓北徐北兗梁交南梁五州中從事，鴻臚丞，尚書五都令史，武騎常侍，材官將軍，明堂二廟帝陵令，嗣王府庶姓公府行參軍，皇弟皇子之庶子府正參軍，蕃王國大農，庶姓持節府錄事、記室、中兵參軍，庶姓持節府功曹史，為二班。

Secretary of the Imperial Library, Assistant Master of Writing, Chief Clerks of Yang and Southern Xuzhou, Libationer of successor and commoner ducal households, Five Officers, Merit Clerks, and Chief Clerks of imperial younger brother and prince households serving solely as Commander-in-Chief, Protector-General, Superintendent, and Two Guard households, Erudite of the Imperial Academy, Regular Attendant of imperial younger brother and prince states, Court Attendant, Assistant Instructor of the National Academy, Supervising Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Chief Clerks of Jing, Jiang, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Administrative Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for successor and commoner households, Supervising Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for successor and commoner households, Assistant Director of the Grand Herald, Five Capital Clerks of the Department of State Affairs, Martial Cavalry Regular Attendant, General of Works Materials, Directors of the Bright Hall, Two Temples, and Imperial Tombs, Acting Aides of successor princes' and commoner ducal households, Regular Aide of junior prince households, Grand Agriculture of feudal princes' states, Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides of commoner households holding staff of authority, and Merit Clerk of commoner households holding staff of authority. These offices belonged to the two class.

揚南徐州西曹祭酒從事，皇弟皇子國侍郎，嗣王國常侍，揚南徐州議曹從事，東宮通事舍人，南台侍御史，太舟丞，二衛殿中將軍，太子二率殿中將軍，皇弟皇子之庶子府蕃王府行參軍，蕃王國中尉，皇弟皇子湘豫司益廣青衡七州主簿，皇弟皇子荊雍郢南兗四州西曹祭酒議曹從事，皇弟皇子江州西曹從事、祭酒議曹祭酒部傳從事，嗣王庶姓越桂甯霍四州中從事，嗣王庶姓荊江雍郢南兗五州主簿，庶姓持節府主簿，汝陰巴陵二國郎中令，太官、太樂、太市、太史、太醫、太祝、東西冶、左右尚方、南北武庫、車府等令，為一班。

Western Bureau Libationer and Aides of Yang and Southern Xuzhou, Vice Director of imperial younger brother and prince states, Regular Attendant of successor princes' states, Advisory Aides of Yang and Southern Xuzhou, Attendant for General Affairs of the Eastern Palace, Southern Office Attending Censor, Assistant Director of Great Vessels, Palace Generals of the Two Guards, Palace Generals of the Crown Prince's Two Commanders, Acting Aides of junior prince and feudal princes' households, Central Commandant of feudal princes' states, Chief Clerks of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Jing, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Western Bureau Aide, Libationer Aide, Advisory Aide, and Dispatch Aide of Jiangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Supervising Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for successor and commoner households, Chief Clerks of Jing, Jiang, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for successor and commoner households, Chief Clerk of commoner households holding staff of authority, Directors of Gentlemen of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, and Directors of the Grand Provisioner, Grand Music, Grand Market, Grand Astrologer, Grand Physician, Grand Sacrificer, Eastern and Western Smelting Works, Left and Right Masters of Upper Works, Southern and Northern Military Storehouses, and Chariot Office—one class.

位不登二品者，又為七班。皇弟皇子府長兼參軍，皇弟皇子國三軍、嗣王國侍郎、蕃王國常侍、揚南徐州文學從事，殿中禦史、庶姓持節府除正參軍、太子家令丞、二衛殿中員外將軍、太子二率殿中員外將軍、鎮蠻安遠護軍度支校尉等司馬，皇弟皇子北徐北兗梁交南梁五州主簿、皇弟皇子湘豫司益廣青衡七州西曹祭酒議曹從事，皇弟皇子荊雍郢三州從事史，江州議曹從事，南兗州文學從事，嗣王庶姓湘豫司益廣青衡七州主簿、嗣王庶姓荊雍郢南兗四州西曹祭酒議曹從事，嗣王庶姓江州西曹從事、祭酒部傳從事、勸農謁者，汝陰巴陵二王國大農，郡公國郎中令，為七班。

Those whose rank did not reach the second grade were further divided into seven classes, as recorded here. Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households, Three Generals of imperial younger brother and prince states, Vice Director of successor princes' states, Regular Attendant of feudal princes' states, Literary Aide of Yang and Southern Xuzhou, Palace Censor, Regular Aide excluding commoner households holding staff of authority, Assistant Director of the Crown Prince's Household, Extra Palace Generals of the Two Guards and Crown Prince's Two Commanders, Majors of Pacification of Barbarians, Pacification of the Distant, Protector-General Revenue Control Commandant, and others, Chief Clerks of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Clerk-Aides of Jing, Yong, and Yingzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Advisory Aide of Jiangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Literary Aide of Southern Yanzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Chief Clerks of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for successor and commoner households, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Jing, Yong, Ying, and Southern Yanzhou for successor and commoner households, Western Bureau Aide and Libationer and Dispatch Aides of Jiangzhou for successor and commoner households, Agricultural Encouragement Herald, Grand Agriculture of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, Director of Gentlemen of ducal states, and Director of Gentlemen of county marquis states. These offices belonged to the seven class.

皇弟皇子國典書令，嗣王國三軍，蕃王國侍郎，領護詹事五官功曹，皇弟皇子府參軍督護，嗣王府長兼參軍，庶姓公府長兼參軍，庶姓持節府板正參軍，皇弟皇子越桂甯霍四州主簿，皇弟皇子北徐北兗梁交南梁五州西曹祭酒議曹從事，嗣王庶姓北徐北兗梁交南梁五州主簿，嗣王庶姓湘豫司益廣青衡七州西曹祭酒議曹從事，皇弟皇子豫司益廣青五州文學從事，湘衡二州從事，嗣王庶姓荊霍郢三州從事史，江州議曹從事，南兗州文學從事，汝陰巴陵二王國中尉，皇弟皇子之庶子縣侯國郎中令，郡公國大農，縣公國郎中令，為六班。

Director of Documents of imperial younger brother and prince states, Three Generals of successor princes' states, Vice Director of feudal princes' states, Five Officers and Merit Clerk of Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General households, Military Supervisor of imperial younger brother and prince households, Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of successor princes' households, Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of commoner ducal households, Provisional Regular Aide of commoner households holding staff of authority, Chief Clerks of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Chief Clerks of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for successor and commoner households, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Xiang, Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, Qing, and Hengzhou for successor and commoner households, Literary Aides of Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, and Qingzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Clerk-Aides of Xiang and Hengzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Clerk-Aides of Jing, Huo, and Yingzhou for successor and commoner households, Advisory Aide of Jiangzhou for successor and commoner households, Literary Aide of Southern Yanzhou for successor and commoner households, Central Commandant of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, Director of Gentlemen of junior prince county marquis states, Grand Agriculture of ducal states, and Director of Gentlemen of county duke states. These offices belonged to the six class.

皇弟皇子國三令，嗣王國典書令，蕃王國三軍，皇弟皇子公府東曹督護，嗣王府庶姓公府參軍督護，皇弟皇子之庶子長兼參軍，蕃王府長兼參軍，二衛正員司馬督，太子二率正員司馬督，領護主簿，詹事主簿，二衛功曹，太常五官功曹，石頭戍軍功曹，庶姓持節府行參軍，皇弟皇子越桂甯霍四州西曹祭酒議曹從事，皇弟皇子北徐北兗梁交南梁五州文學從事，嗣王庶姓越桂甯霍四州主簿，嗣王庶姓北徐北兗梁交南梁五州西曹祭酒議曹從事，嗣王庶姓豫司益廣青五州文學從事，湘衡二州從事，汝陰巴陵二王國常侍，郡公國中尉，縣侯國郎中令，皇弟皇子府功曹督護，為五班。

Three Directors of imperial younger brother and prince states, Director of Documents of successor princes' states, Three Generals of feudal princes' states, Eastern Bureau Military Supervisor of imperial younger brother and ducal households, Military Supervisor of successor and commoner ducal households, Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of junior prince households, Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of feudal princes' households, Regular Supervising Majors of the Two Guards, Regular Supervising Majors of the Crown Prince's Two Commanders, Chief Clerk of Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General households, Chief Clerk of the Superintendent's household, Merit Clerk of the Two Guards, Five Officers and Merit Clerk of Ceremonies, Merit Clerk of the Shitou Garrison, Acting Aide of commoner households holding staff of authority, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Literary Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Chief Clerks of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for successor and commoner households, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for successor and commoner households, Literary Aides of Yu, Si, Yi, Guang, and Qingzhou for successor and commoner households, Clerk-Aides of Xiang and Hengzhou for successor and commoner households, Regular Attendant of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, Central Commandant of ducal states, Director of Gentlemen of county marquis states, and Military Supervisor of Merit of imperial younger brother and prince households. These offices belonged to the five class.

嗣王國三令，蕃王國典書令，嗣王府功曹督護，庶姓公府東曹督護，皇弟皇子之庶子府參軍督護，蕃王府參軍督護，二衛員外司馬督，太子二率員外司馬督，二衛主簿，太常主簿，宗正等十一卿五官功曹，石頭戍軍主簿，庶姓持節府板行參軍，皇弟皇子越桂甯霍四州文學從事，嗣王庶姓越桂甯霍四州西曹祭酒議曹從事，嗣王庶姓北徐北兗梁交南梁五州文學從事，汝陰巴陵二王國侍郎，縣公國中尉，為四班。

Three Directors of successor princes' states, Director of Documents of feudal princes' states, Military Supervisor of Merit of successor princes' households, Eastern Bureau Military Supervisor of commoner ducal households, Military Supervisor of junior prince households, Military Supervisor of feudal princes' households, Extra Supervising Majors of the Two Guards, Extra Supervising Majors of the Crown Prince's Two Commanders, Chief Clerks of the Two Guards, Chief Clerk of Ceremonies, Five Officers and Merit Clerks of the eleven ministers including the Minister of the Imperial Clan, Chief Clerk of the Shitou Garrison, Provisional Acting Aide of commoner households holding staff of authority, Literary Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for imperial younger brothers and princes, Western Bureau Libationer and Advisory Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for successor and commoner households, Literary Aides of Northern Xu, Northern Yan, Liang, Jiao, and Southern Liangzhou for successor and commoner households, Vice Director of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, Central Commandant of county duke states, and Vice Director of feudal princes' states. These offices belonged to the four class.

蕃王國三令，皇弟皇子之庶子府蕃王府功曹督護，宗正等十一卿主簿，庶姓持節府長兼參軍，嗣王庶姓越桂甯霍四州文學從事，郡公國侍郎，為三班。

Three Directors of feudal princes' states, Military Supervisors of Merit of junior prince and feudal princes' households, Chief Clerks of the eleven ministers including the Minister of the Imperial Clan, Senior Concurrent Acting Aide of commoner households holding staff of authority, Literary Aides of Yue, Gui, Ning, and Huozhou for successor and commoner households, Vice Director of ducal states. These offices belonged to the three class.

庶姓持節府參軍督護，汝陰巴陵二王國典書令，縣公國侍郎，為二班。

Military Supervisor of commoner households holding staff of authority, Director of Documents of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, Vice Director of county duke states. These offices belonged to the two class.

庶姓持節府功曹督護，汝陰巴陵二王國三令，郡公國典書令，為一班。

Military Supervisor of Merit of commoner households holding staff of authority, Three Directors of the Yuyin and Baling princely states, Director of Documents of ducal states—one class.

又著作正令史，集書正令史，尚書度支三公正令史，函典書、殿中外監、齋監、東堂監、尚書都官左降正令史，諸州鎮監、石頭城監、琅邪城監、東宮外監、殿中守舍人，齋臨、東宮典經守舍人，上庫令，太社令，細作令，導官令，平水令，太官市署丞，正廚丞，酒庫丞，柴署丞，太樂庫丞，別局校丞，清商丞，太史丞，太醫二丞，中藥藏丞，東冶小庫等三丞，作堂金銀局丞，木局丞，北武庫二丞，南武庫二丞，東宮食官丞，上林丞，湖西磚屯丞，祇箬庫丞，紋絹簟席丞，國子典學，材官司馬，宣陽等諸門候，東宮導客守舍人，運署謁者，都水左右二裝五城謁者，石城宣城陽新屯謁者，南康建安晉安伐船謁者，晉安練葛屯主，為三品蘊位。

Also, Regular Chief Clerks of Masters of Writing, Regular Chief Clerks of the Secretariat for Drafting, Regular Chief Clerks of the Three Excellencies in the Revenue Department, Regular Chief Clerks of the Document Office, Palace Inner and Outer Supervisors, Quarters Supervisors, Eastern Hall Supervisors, and Left and Right Reduced Regular Chief Clerks of the Justice Department in the Department of State Affairs, Supervisors of garrisons and prefectures, Shitou City Supervisor, Langya City Supervisor, Eastern Palace Outer Supervisor, Palace Custodian Attendants, Quarters Attendant, Eastern Palace Classics Custodian Attendants, Director of the Upper Storehouse, Director of the Grand Altar, Director of Fine Craftsmanship, Director of the Guiding Granary, Director of Level Waterways, Assistant Director of the Grand Market Office of the Grand Provisioner, Assistant Director of the Main Kitchen, Assistant Director of the Wine Storehouse, Assistant Director of the Firewood Office, Assistant Director of the Grand Music Storehouse, Assistant Director of the Separate Bureau School, Assistant Director of Clear Shang, Assistant Director of the Grand Astrologer, two Assistant Directors of the Grand Physician, Assistant Director of the Central Medicine Storehouse, three Assistant Directors of the Eastern Smelting Small Storehouse, Assistant Director of the Hall Gold and Silver Bureau, Assistant Director of the Wood Bureau, two Assistant Directors of the Northern Military Storehouse, two Assistant Directors of the Southern Military Storehouse, Assistant Director of the Eastern Palace Food Office, Assistant Director of the Upper Forest, Assistant Director of the Lake West Brick Garrison Field, Assistant Director of the Bamboo Storehouse, Assistant Director of the Patterned Silk and Mat Bureau, National Academy Classics Instructor, Major of the Works Materials Office, Gatekeepers of Xuanyang and other gates, Eastern Palace Guest Guidance Custodian Attendants, Transport Office Herald, Left and Right Equipment Five-City Heralds of the Waterways Office, Shicheng, Xuancheng, and Yangxin Garrison Heralds, Nankang, Jian'an, and Jin'an Ship-Requisition Heralds, and Chief of the Jin'an Silk Garrison Field—third-grade reserve rank.

又門下集書主事通正令史，中書正令史，尚書正令史，尚書監籍正令史，都正令史，殿中內監，題閤監，婚局監，東宮門下通事守舍人，東宮典書守舍人，東宮內監，殿中守舍人，題閤監，乘黃令，右藏令，籍田令，廩犧令，梅根諸冶令，典客館令，太官四丞，庫存丞，太樂丞，東冶太庫丞，左尚方五丞，右尚方四丞，東宮衛庫丞，司農左右中部倉丞，廷尉律博士，公府舍人，諸州別署監，山陰獄丞，為三品勳位。

Also, Regular Chief Clerks for General Affairs of the Palace Secretariat and Secretariat for Drafting, Regular Chief Clerks of the Secretariat, Regular Chief Clerks of the Department of State Affairs, Regular Chief Clerk of Registry Supervision in the Department of State Affairs, Regular Chief Clerk of the Capital, Palace Inner Supervisor, Title Gate Supervisor, Marriage Bureau Supervisor, Eastern Palace Secretariat Attendants for General Affairs, Eastern Palace Document Custodian Attendants, Eastern Palace Inner Supervisor, Palace Custodian Attendants, Title Gate Supervisor, Director of Chariot Service, Director of the Right Storehouse, Director of Registered Fields, Director of Stable Sacrifices, Director of the Meigen Smelting Works, Director of the Guest Reception Hall, four Assistant Directors of the Grand Provisioner, Assistant Director of the Treasury Storehouse, Assistant Director of Grand Music, Assistant Director of the Eastern Smelting Grand Storehouse, five Assistant Directors of the Left Master of Upper Works, four Assistant Directors of the Right Master of Upper Works, Assistant Director of the Eastern Palace Guard Storehouse, Assistant Directors of the Left and Right Central Granaries of the Minister of the Grand Granary, Erudite of Penal Law of the Commandant of Punishments, Attendants of ducal households, Supervisors of separate prefectural offices, Assistant Director of the Shanyin Prison, and third-grade merit rank, as recorded here.

其州二十三，並列其高下，選擬略視內職。郡守及丞，各為十班。縣制七班。用人各擬內職云。

The twenty-three provinces were all ranked high and low; selections were made with reference to inner offices, as recorded here. Grand Administrators and Assistant Directors of commanderies—ten classes each. Counties were fixed at seven classes, as recorded here. Appointments at each level were modeled on inner offices, as recorded here.

又詔以將軍之名，高卑舛雜，命更加厘定。於是有司奏置一百二十五號將軍。以鎮、衛、驃騎、車騎，為二十四班。內外通用。四征、東南西北，止施外。四中，軍、衛、撫、護，止施內。為二十三班。八鎮東南西北，止施在外。左右前後，止施在內。為二十二班。八安東西南北，止施在外。左右前後，止施在內。為二十一班。四平、東南西北。四翊，左右前後。為二十班。凡三十五號，為一品。是為重號將軍。忠武、軍師，為十九班。武臣、爪牙、龍騎、雲麾，為十八班。代舊前後左右四將軍。鎮兵、翊師、宣惠、宜毅，為十七班。代舊四中郎。十號為一品。智威、仁威、勇威、信威、嚴威，為十六班。代舊征虜。智武、仁武、勇武、信武、嚴武，為十五班。代舊冠軍。十號為一品，所謂五德將軍者也。輕車、征遠、鎮朔、武旅、貞毅，為十四班。代舊輔國。凡將軍加大者，唯至貞毅而已。通進一階。優者方得比加位從公。凡督府，置長史司馬諮議諸曹，有錄事記室等十八曹。天監七年，更置中錄事、中記室、中直兵參軍各一人。寧遠、明威、振遠、電耀、威耀，為十三班。代舊寧朔。十號為一品。武威、武騎、武猛、武壯、飆武，為十二班。電威、馳銳、追鋒、羽騎、突騎，為十一班。十號為一品。折沖、冠武、和戎、安壘、猛烈，為十班。掃狄、雄信、掃虜、武銳、摧鋒，為九班。十號為一品。略遠、貞威、決勝、開遠、光野，為八班。厲鋒、輕銳、討狄、蕩虜、蕩夷，為七班。十號為一品。武毅、鐵騎、樓船、宣猛、樹功，為六班。克狄、平虜、討夷、平狄、威戎，為五班。十號為一品。伏波、雄戟、長劍、沖冠、雕騎，為四班、佽飛、安夷、克戎、綏狄、威虜，為三班。十號為一品。前鋒、武毅、開邊、招遠、金威，為二班。綏虜、蕩寇、殄虜、橫野、馳射，為一班。十號為一品。凡十品，二十四班。亦以班多為貴。其製品十，取其盈數。班二十四，以法氣序。制簿悉以大號居後，以為選法自小遷大也。前史所記，以位得從公，故將軍之名，次於台槐之下。至是備其班品，敘于百司之外。其不登二品，應須軍號者，有牙門、代舊建威。期門，代舊建武。為八班。候騎、代舊振威。熊渠，代舊振武。為七班。中堅、代舊奮威。典戎，代舊奮武。為六班。戈船、代舊揚威。繡衣，代舊揚武。為五班。執訊、代舊廣威。行陣，代舊廣武。為四班。鷹揚為三班。陵江為二班。偏將軍、裨將軍，為一班。凡十四號，別為八班，以象八風。所施甚輕。又有武安、鎮遠、雄義，擬車騎。為二十四班。四撫東南西北，擬四征。為二十三班。四甯東南西北，擬四鎮。為二十二班。四威東南西北，擬四安。為二十一班。四綏東南西北，擬四平。為二十班。凡十九號，為一品。安遠、安邊，擬忠武、軍師。為十九班。輔義、安沙、衛海、撫河，擬武臣等四號。為十八班。平遠、撫朔、甯沙、航海、擬鎮兵等四號。為十七班。凡十號，為一品。翊海、朔野、拓遠、威河、龍幕，擬智威等五號。為十六班。威隴、安漠、綏邊、寧寇、梯山，擬智武等五號。為十五班。凡十號，為一品。寧境、綏河、明信、明義、威漠，擬輕車等五號。為十四班。安隴、向義、宣節、振朔、候律，擬寧遠等五號。為十三班。凡十號，為一品。平寇、定遠、陵海、寧隴、振漠，擬武威等五號。為十二班。馳義、橫朔、明節、執信、懷德，擬電威等五號。為十一班。凡十號，為一品。撫邊、定隴、綏關、立信、奉義，擬折沖等五號。為十班。綏隴、甯邊、定朔、立節、懷威，擬掃狄等五號。為九班。凡十號，為一品。懷關、靜朔、掃寇、甯河、安朔，擬略遠等五號。為八班。揚化、超隴、執義、來化、度嶂，擬厲鋒等五號。為七班。凡十號，為一品。平河、振隴、雄邊、橫沙、甯關，擬武毅等五號。為六班。懷信、宣義、弘節、浮遼、鑿空，擬克狄等五號。為五班。凡十號，為一品。捍海、款塞、歸義、陵河、明信，擬伏波等五號。為四班。奉忠、守義、弘信、仰化、立義，擬亻次飛等五號。為三班。凡十號，為一品。綏方、奉正、承化、浮海、度河，擬先鋒等五號。為二班。懷義、奉信、歸誠、懷澤、伏義，擬綏虜等五號。為一班。凡十號，為一品。大凡一百九號將軍，亦為十品，二十四班。正施於外國。

An edict also held that the names of generals were confused in high and low rank, and ordered further clarification, as recorded here. Thereupon the responsible officials memorialized to establish one hundred twenty-five general titles, as recorded here. Guardian, Defender, Fast Cavalry, and Chariots and Cavalry. These offices belonged to the twenty four class. Used both within and without, as recorded here. Four Campaign Generals—East, South, North, and West—were conferred only outside the capital, as recorded here. Four Central Generals—Army, Guard, Pacification, and Protection—were conferred only within the capital, as recorded here. Twenty-three classes, as recorded here. Eight Garrison Generals of East, South, North, and West were conferred only outside, as recorded here. Left, Right, Front, and Rear were conferred only within, as recorded here. Twenty-two classes, as recorded here. Eight Pacification Generals of East, South, North, and West were conferred only outside, as recorded here. Left, Right, Front, and Rear were conferred only within, as recorded here. Twenty-one classes, as recorded here. Four Suppression Generals—east, South, North, and West. Four Support Generals—left, Right, Front, and Rear. Twenty classes, as recorded here. In all thirty-five titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. These were the Heavy-Titled Generals, as recorded here. Loyal Martial and Military Advisor. These offices belonged to the nineteen class. Martial Minister, Talon and Fang, Dragon Cavalry, and Cloud Banner. These offices belonged to the eighteen class. These replaced the former Front, Rear, Left, and Right Four Generals. Garrison Troops, Support Army, Propagation of Grace, and Propagation of Resolution. These offices belonged to the seventeen class. These replaced the former Four Commandants of the Central Guard. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Wise Authority, Benevolent Authority, Valiant Authority, Trustworthy Authority, and Stern Authority. These offices belonged to the sixteen class. These replaced the former Campaign Against the Barbarians General. Wise Martial, Benevolent Martial, Valiant Martial, Trustworthy Martial, and Stern Martial. These offices belonged to the fifteen class. These replaced the former Champion General. Ten titles constituted the first grade—the so-called Five Virtue Generals, as recorded here. Light Chariot, Campaign Distant, Garrison North, Martial Travel, and Steadfast Resolution. These offices belonged to the fourteen class. These replaced the former Assistant State General. Every generals with the added title, it extended only to Steadfast Resolution. Generally they advanced one class, as recorded here. Only the superior could be treated as equal to rank following a duke, as recorded here. All supervisory offices established Chief Administrators, Majors, Advisory Aides, and various bureaus, with Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and eighteen other bureaus, as recorded here. In the seventh year of Tianjian, Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides were additionally established, one each, as recorded here. Pacification Distant, Bright Authority, Quell Distant, Lightning Glory, and Authority Glory. These offices belonged to the thirteen class. These replaced the former Pacification North General. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Martial Prestige, Martial Cavalry, Martial Fierce, Martial Strong, and Storm Martial. These offices belonged to the twelve class. Lightning Prestige, Galloping Sharpness, Pursuing Vanguard, Feather Cavalry, and Charging Cavalry. These offices belonged to the eleven class. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Break the Ranks, Crown Martial, Harmonize the Barbarians, Secure the Ramparts, and Fierce Assault. These offices belonged to the ten class. Sweep the Di, Trustworthy Campaign, Sweep the Barbarians, Martial Sharpness, and Crush the Vanguard. These offices belonged to the nine class. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Strategy Distant, Steadfast Prestige, Decisive Victory, Open Distant, and Clear the Wilds. These offices belonged to the eight class. Fierce Vanguard, Light Sharpness, Campaign Di, Sweep the Barbarians, and Sweep the Yi. These offices belonged to the seven class. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Martial Resolution, Iron Cavalry, Tower Ship, Propagation of Fierce, and Establish Merit. These offices belonged to the six class. Subdue the Di, Pacify the Barbarians, Campaign the Yi, Pacify the Di, and Prestige Over the Barbarians. These offices belonged to the five class. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Subdue the Waves, Heroic Halberd, Long Sword, Rush the Crown, and Carved Cavalry: four classes; Flying Attendant, Pacify the Yi, Subdue the Barbarians, Pacify the Di, and Prestige Over the Barbarians. These offices belonged to the three class. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Vanguard, Martial Resolution, Open the Border, Summon the Distant, and Golden Prestige. These offices belonged to the two class. Pacify the Barbarians, Sweep the Bandits, Exterminate the Barbarians, Sweep the Wilds, and Galloping Archer—one class. Ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. In all ten grades, twenty-four classes, as recorded here. Again, more classes meant higher honor, as recorded here. The system of ten grades took the full number, as recorded here. Twenty-four classes followed the sequence of the qi, as recorded here. The register was arranged with the great titles at the rear, so that the selection method moved from small to great, as recorded here. Former histories record that by rank one could follow a duke; therefore the names of generals were listed below the Three Excellencies, as recorded here. Now their classes were fully established and arranged outside the hundred offices, as recorded here. For those not reaching the second grade who required military titles, there were Gate Guard, replacing the old Establish Prestige, as recorded here. Palace Guard, replacing the old Establish Martial, as recorded here. Eight classes, as recorded here. Outrider Cavalry, replacing the old Quell Prestige, as recorded here. Bear Bridge, replacing the old Quell Martial, as recorded here. Seven classes, as recorded here. Central Vanguard, replacing the old Stir Prestige, as recorded here. Manage the Army, replacing the old Stir Martial, as recorded here. Six classes, as recorded here. War Boat, replacing the old Raise Prestige, as recorded here. Embroidered Robe, replacing the old Raise Martial, as recorded here. Five classes, as recorded here. Execute Prisoners, replacing the old Broad Prestige, as recorded here. Battle Array, replacing the old Broad Martial, as recorded here. Four classes, as recorded here. Eagle Raise. These offices belonged to the three class. Cross the River. These offices belonged to the two class. Lieutenant General and Vice General—one class. In all fourteen titles, separately forming eight classes, to correspond to the eight winds, as recorded here. They were conferred very lightly, as recorded here. There were also Martial Pacification, Garrison Distant, and Heroic Righteousness, corresponding to Chariots and Cavalry. Twenty-four classes, as recorded here. Four Pacification Generals of East, South, North, and West, corresponding to the Four Campaign Generals. Twenty-three classes, as recorded here. Four Tranquility Generals of East, South, North, and West, corresponding to the Four Garrison Generals. Twenty-two classes, as recorded here. Four Prestige Generals of East, South, North, and West, corresponding to the Four Pacification Generals. Twenty-one classes, as recorded here. Four Pacification Generals of East, South, North, and West, corresponding to the Four Suppression Generals. Twenty classes, as recorded here. In all nineteen titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Pacification Distant and Pacification Border, corresponding to Loyal Martial and Military Advisor. Nineteen classes, as recorded here. Assist Righteousness, Pacify the Sands, Guard the Sea, and Pacify the River, corresponding to the four titles of Martial Minister and others. Eighteen classes, as recorded here. Pacify Distant, Pacify North, Tranquilize the Sands, and Navigate the Sea, corresponding to the four titles of Garrison Troops and others. Seventeen classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Assist the Sea, North Wilderness, Extend Distant, Prestige River, and Dragon Tent, corresponding to the five titles of Wise Authority and others. Sixteen classes, as recorded here. Prestige Longxi, Pacify the Desert, Pacify the Border, Pacify the Bandits, and Ladder Mountain, corresponding to the five titles of Wise Martial and others. Fifteen classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Tranquilize the Border, Pacify the River, Bright Trust, Bright Righteousness, and Prestige Desert, corresponding to the five titles of Light Chariot and others. Fourteen classes, as recorded here. Pacify Longxi, Turn to Righteousness, Proclaim Restraint, Quell North, and Await the Law, corresponding to the five titles of Pacification Distant and others. Thirteen classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Pacify the Bandits, Settle Distant, Cross the Sea, Pacify Longxi, and Quell the Desert, corresponding to the five titles of Martial Prestige and others. Twelve classes, as recorded here. Gallop to Righteousness, Cross North, Bright Restraint, Hold Trust, and Cherish Virtue, corresponding to the five titles of Lightning Prestige and others. Eleven classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Pacify the Border, Settle Longxi, Pacify the Pass, Establish Trust, and Uphold Righteousness, corresponding to the five titles of Break the Ranks and others. Ten classes, as recorded here. Pacify North, Pacify the River, Sweep the Bandits, Quell North, and Cherish the Pass, corresponding to the five titles of Fierce Vanguard and others. Nine classes, as recorded here. Cross the Barrier, Offer Transformation, Healthy Righteousness, Surpass Longxi, and Raise Transformation, corresponding to the five titles of Martial Resolution and others. Eight classes, as recorded here. Tranquilize the Pass, Cross the Sands, Heroic Border, Quell Longxi, and Pacify the River, corresponding to the five titles of Subdue the Di and others. Seven classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Bore the Void, Float Distant, Propagate Restraint, Proclaim Righteousness, and Cherish Trust, corresponding to the five titles of Subdue the Waves and others. Pacify the River, Quell Longxi, Heroic Border, Cross the Sands, and Tranquilize the Pass, corresponding to the five titles of Martial Resolution and others. Six classes, as recorded here. Cherish Trust, Proclaim Righteousness, Propagate Restraint, Float Distant, and Bore the Void, corresponding to the five titles of Subdue the Di and others. Five classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Defend the Sea, Win Over the Frontier, Return to Righteousness, Cross the River, and Bright Trust, corresponding to the five titles of Subdue the Waves and others. Four classes, as recorded here. Uphold Loyalty, Guard Righteousness, Propagate Trust, Look Up to Transformation, and Establish Righteousness, corresponding to the five titles of Flying Attendant and others. Three classes, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. Pacify the Region, Uphold Rectitude, Receive Transformation, Float the Sea, and Cross the River, corresponding to the five titles of Vanguard and others. Two classes, as recorded here. Cherish Righteousness, Uphold Trust, Return in Sincerity, Cherish Grace, and Subdue Righteousness, corresponding to the five titles of Pacify the Barbarians and others. One class, as recorded here. In all ten titles constituted the first grade, as recorded here. In all there were one hundred nine general titles, also in ten grades and twenty-four classes, as recorded here. They were conferred properly on foreign states, as recorded here.

及大通三年，有司奏曰：「天監七年，改定將軍之名，有因有革。普通六年，又置百號將軍，更加刊正，雜號之中，微有移異。大通三年，奏移甯遠班中明威將軍進輕車班中，以輕車班中征遠度入甯遠班中。又置安遠將軍代貞武，宣遠代明烈。其戎夷之號，亦加附擬，選序則依此承用。」遂以定制。轉則進一班。黜則退一班。班即階也。同班以優劣為前後。有鎮、衛、驃騎、車騎同班。四中、四征同班。八鎮同班。八安同班。四平、四翊同班。忠武、軍師同班。武臣、爪牙、龍騎、雲麾、冠軍同班。鎮兵、翊師、宣惠、宣毅四將軍，東南西北四中郎將同班。智威、仁威、勇威、信威、嚴威同班。智武、仁武、勇武、信武、嚴武同班。謂為五德將軍。輕車、鎮朔、武旅、貞毅、明威同班。甯遠、安遠、征遠、振遠、宣遠同班。威雄、威猛、威烈、威振、威信、威勝、威略、威風、威力、威光同班。武猛、武略、武勝、武力、武毅、武健、武烈、武威、武銳、武勇同班。猛毅、猛烈、猛威、猛銳、猛震、猛進、猛智、猛武、猛勝、猛駿同班。壯武、壯勇、壯烈、壯猛、壯銳、壯盛、壯毅、壯志、壯意、壯力同班。驍雄、驍桀、驍猛、驍烈、驍武、驍勇、驍銳、驍名、驍勝、驍迅同班。雄猛、雄威、雄明、雄烈、雄信、雄武、雄勇、雄毅、雄壯、雄健同班。忠勇、忠烈、忠猛、忠銳、忠壯、忠毅、忠捍、忠信、忠義、忠勝同班。明智、明略、明遠、明勇、明烈、明威、明勝、明進、明銳、明毅、同班。光烈、光明、光英、光遠、光勝、光銳、光命、光勇、光戎、光野同班。飆勇、飆猛、飆烈、飆銳、飆奇、飆決、飆起、飆略、飆勝、飆出同班。龍驤、武視、雲旗、風烈、電威、雷音、馳銳、追銳、羽騎、突騎同班。折沖、冠武、和戎、安壘、超猛、英果、掃虜、掃狄、武銳、摧鋒同班。開遠、略遠、貞威、決勝、清野、堅銳、輕銳、拔山、雲勇、振旅同班。超武、鐵騎、樓船、宣猛、樹功、克狄、平虜、棱威、昭威、威戎同班。伏波、雄戟、長劍、沖冠、雕騎、佽飛、勇騎、破敵、克敵、威虜同班。前鋒、武毅、開邊、招遠、金威、破陣、蕩寇、殄虜、橫野、馳射同班。牙門、期門同班。候騎、熊渠同班。中堅、典戎同班。執訊、行陣同班。伏武、懷奇同班。偏、裨將軍同班。凡二百四十號，為四十四班。

In the third year of Datong, the responsible officials memorialized—"In the seventh year of Tianjian, the names of generals were changed—some retained, some reformed. In the sixth year of Putong, one hundred general titles were additionally established and further corrected; among the miscellaneous titles there were slight shifts, as recorded here. In the third year of Datong it was memorialized to move Bright Authority General from the Pacification Distant class into the Light Chariot class, and to move Campaign Distant from the Light Chariot class into the Pacification Distant class, as recorded here. Pacification Distant General was also established to replace Steadfast Martial, and Propagation Distant to replace Bright Assault, as recorded here. The barbarian titles were also given corresponding models; the sequence of selection followed this arrangement, as recorded here. Thereupon it was fixed as the standard. On promotion one advanced one class, as recorded here. On demotion one retreated one class, as recorded here. Class was the same as rank, as recorded here. Within the same class, superiority and inferiority determined precedence, as recorded here. Guardian, Defender, Fast Cavalry, and Chariots and Cavalry shared the same class rank. Four Central and Four Campaign Generals shared the same class rank. Eight Garrison Generals shared the same class rank. Eight Pacification Generals shared the same class rank. Four Suppression and Four Support Generals shared the same class rank. Loyal Martial and Military Advisor shared the same class rank. Martial Minister, Talon and Fang, Dragon Cavalry, Cloud Banner, and Champion shared the same class rank. Garrison Troops, Support Army, Propagation of Grace, and Propagation of Resolution Generals and the Four Commandants of the Central Guard of East, South, North, and West shared the same class rank. Wise Authority, Benevolent Authority, Valiant Authority, Trustworthy Authority, and Stern Authority shared the same class rank. Wise Martial, Benevolent Martial, Valiant Martial, Trustworthy Martial, and Stern Martial shared the same class rank. These were called the Five Virtue Generals, as recorded here. Light Chariot, Garrison North, Martial Travel, Steadfast Resolution, and Bright Authority shared the same class rank. Pacification Distant, Pacification Distant, Campaign Distant, Quell Distant, and Propagation Distant shared the same class rank. Prestige Hero, Prestige Fierce, Prestige Assault, Prestige Quake, Prestige Trust, Prestige Victory, Prestige Strategy, Prestige Wind, Prestige Power, and Prestige Light shared the same class rank. Martial Fierce, Martial Strategy, Martial Victory, Martial Power, Martial Resolution, Martial Robust, Martial Assault, Martial Prestige, Martial Sharpness, and Martial Valor shared the same class rank. Fierce Resolution, Fierce Assault, Fierce Prestige, Fierce Sharpness, Fierce Quake, Fierce Advance, Fierce Wisdom, Fierce Martial, Fierce Victory, and Fierce Swift shared the same class rank. Strong Martial, Strong Valor, Strong Assault, Strong Fierce, Strong Sharpness, Strong Flourish, Strong Resolution, Strong Aspiration, Strong Intent, and Strong Power shared the same class rank. Valiant Hero, Valiant Outstanding, Valiant Fierce, Valiant Assault, Valiant Martial, Valiant Valor, Valiant Sharpness, Valiant Name, Valiant Victory, and Valiant Swift shared the same class rank. Heroic Fierce, Heroic Prestige, Heroic Bright, Heroic Assault, Heroic Trust, Heroic Martial, Heroic Valor, Heroic Resolution, Heroic Strong, and Heroic Robust shared the same class rank. Loyal Valor, Loyal Assault, Loyal Fierce, Loyal Sharpness, Loyal Strong, Loyal Resolution, Loyal Defense, Loyal Trust, Loyal Righteousness, and Loyal Victory shared the same class rank. Bright Wisdom, Bright Strategy, Bright Distant, Bright Valor, Bright Assault, Bright Prestige, Bright Victory, Bright Advance, Bright Sharpness, and Bright Resolution shared the same class rank. Glorious Assault, Glorious Bright, Glorious Hero, Glorious Distant, Glorious Victory, Glorious Sharpness, Glorious Mandate, Glorious Valor, Glorious Barbarians, and Glorious Wilds shared the same class rank. Storm Valor, Storm Fierce, Storm Assault, Storm Sharpness, Storm Marvel, Storm Decision, Storm Rise, Storm Strategy, Storm Victory, and Storm Emergence shared the same class rank. Dragon Charger, Martial Vision, Cloud Banner, Wind Assault, Lightning Prestige, Thunder Sound, Galloping Sharpness, Pursuing Sharpness, Feather Cavalry, and Charging Cavalry shared the same class rank. Break the Ranks, Crown Martial, Harmonize the Barbarians, Secure the Ramparts, Super Fierce, Heroic Fruit, Sweep the Barbarians, Sweep the Di, Martial Sharpness, and Crush the Vanguard shared the same class rank. Open Distant, Strategy Distant, Steadfast Prestige, Decisive Victory, Clear the Wilds, Firm Sharpness, Light Sharpness, Uproot the Mountain, Cloud Valor, and Quell the Army shared the same class rank. Super Martial, Iron Cavalry, Tower Ship, Propagation of Fierce, Establish Merit, Subdue the Di, Pacify the Barbarians, Edge Prestige, Proclaim Prestige, and Prestige Over the Barbarians shared the same class rank. Subdue the Waves, Heroic Halberd, Long Sword, Rush the Crown, Carved Cavalry, Flying Attendant, Valiant Cavalry, Break the Enemy, Subdue the Enemy, and Prestige Over the Barbarians shared the same class rank. Vanguard, Martial Resolution, Open the Border, Summon the Distant, Golden Prestige, Break the Array, Sweep the Bandits, Exterminate the Barbarians, Sweep the Wilds, and Galloping Archer shared the same class rank. Gate Guard and Palace Guard shared the same class rank. Outrider Cavalry and Bear Bridge shared the same class rank. Central Vanguard and Manage the Army shared the same class rank. Execute Prisoners and Battle Array shared the same class rank. Subdue Martial and Cherish the Marvelous shared the same class rank. Lieutenant General and Vice General shared the same class rank. In all two hundred forty titles, forming forty-four classes, as recorded here.

又雍州置甯蠻校尉，廣州置平越中郎將，北涼、南秦置西戎校尉，南秦、梁州置平戎校尉，甯州置鎮蠻校尉，西陽、南新蔡、晉熙、廬江等郡，置鎮蠻護軍，武陵郡置安遠護軍，巴陵郡置度支校尉。皆立府，隨府主號輕重而不為定。其將軍施于外國者，雄義、鎮遠、武安同班，擬鎮、衛等三號。四撫同班，擬四征，四威同班。擬四安。四綏同班，擬四平。安遠、安邊同班，擬忠武等號。撫河、衛海、安沙、輔義同班，擬武臣等號。航海、甯沙、撫朔、平遠同班，擬鎮兵等號。龍幕、威河、和戎、拓遠、朔野、翊海同班，擬智威等號。梯山、寧寇、綏邊、安漠、威隴五號同班，擬智武等號。威漠、明義、昭信、綏河、寧境同班，擬輕車等號。候律、振朔、宣節、向義、安隴同班，擬寧遠等號。振漠、寧隴、陵海、安遠、平寇同班，擬威雄等號。懷德、執信、明節、橫朔、馳義同班，擬武猛等號。安朔、寧河、掃寇、靜朔、懷關同班，擬驍雄等號。度嶂、奉化、康義、超隴、揚化同班，擬猛烈等號。甯關、橫沙、雄邊、振隴、平河同班，擬忠勇等號。鑿空、浮遼、弘節、宣義、懷信同班，擬明智等號。明信、陵河、歸義、款塞、捍海同班，擬光烈等號。立義、仰化、弘信、守義、奉忠同班，擬飆勇等號。奉誠、立誠、建誠、顯誠、義誠同班，擬龍驤等號。尉遼、寧渤、綏嶺、威塞、通侯同班，擬折沖等號。掃荒、威荒、定荒、開荒、理荒同班，擬開遠等號。奉節、掃節、建節、效節、伏節同班，擬超武等號。渡河、陵海、承化、奉正、綏方同班，擬伏波等號。伏義、懷澤、歸誠、奉信、懷義同班，擬前鋒等號。凡一百二十五將軍，二十八班，並施外國戎號，准於中夏焉。大同四年，魏彭城王爾硃仲遠來降，以為定洛大將軍，仍使其北討，故名云。

Yongzhou also established a Pacification of Barbarians Commandant; Guangzhou established a Pacification of Yue Central Commandant; Northern Liang and Southern Qin established a Western Barbarians Commandant; Southern Qin and Liangzhou established a Pacification of Barbarians Commandant; Ningzhou established a Garrison Barbarians Commandant; Xiyang, Southern Xincai, Jinxi, and Lujiang commanderies established Garrison Barbarians Protector-Generals; Wuling Commandery established a Pacification Distant Protector-General; and Baling Commandery established a Revenue Control Commandant, as recorded here. Offices were all established; they followed the weight of the household lord's title and were not fixed, as recorded here. For generals conferred on foreign states, Heroic Righteousness, Garrison Distant, and Martial Pacification were the same class, corresponding to the three titles of Guardian and others. Four Pacification Generals were the same class, corresponding to the Four Campaign Generals; Four Prestige Generals shared the same class rank. Modeled on the Four Pacification Generals, as recorded here. Four Tranquility Generals were the same class, corresponding to the Four Suppression Generals. Pacification Distant and Pacification Border were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Loyal Martial and others. Pacify the River, Guard the Sea, Pacify the Sands, and Assist Righteousness were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Martial Minister and others. Navigate the Sea, Tranquilize the Sands, Pacify North, and Pacify Distant were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Garrison Troops and others. Dragon Tent, Prestige River, Harmonize the Barbarians, Extend Distant, North Wilderness, and Assist the Sea were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Wise Authority and others. Ladder Mountain, Pacify the Bandits, Pacify the Border, Pacify the Desert, and Prestige Longxi were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Wise Martial and others. Prestige Desert, Bright Righteousness, Bright Trust, Pacify the River, and Tranquilize the Border were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Light Chariot and others. Await the Law, Quell North, Proclaim Restraint, Turn to Righteousness, and Pacify Longxi were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Pacification Distant and others. Quell the Desert, Pacify Longxi, Cross the Sea, Pacification Distant, and Pacify the Bandits were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Prestige Hero and others. Cherish Virtue, Hold Trust, Bright Restraint, Cross North, and Gallop to Righteousness were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Martial Fierce and others. Pacify North, Pacify the River, Sweep the Bandits, Quell North, and Cherish the Pass were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Valiant Hero and others. Cross the Barrier, Offer Transformation, Healthy Righteousness, Surpass Longxi, and Raise Transformation were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Fierce Assault and others. Tranquilize the Pass, Cross the Sands, Heroic Border, Quell Longxi, and Pacify the River were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Loyal Valor and others. Bore the Void, Float Distant, Propagate Restraint, Proclaim Righteousness, and Cherish Trust were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Bright Wisdom and others. Bright Trust, Cross the River, Return to Righteousness, Win Over the Frontier, and Defend the Sea were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Glorious Assault and others. Establish Righteousness, Look Up to Transformation, Propagate Trust, Guard Righteousness, and Uphold Loyalty were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Storm Valor and others. Uphold Sincerity, Establish Sincerity, Build Sincerity, Display Sincerity, and Righteous Sincerity were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Dragon Charger and others. Pacify Liao, Tranquilize Bo, Pacify the Ridge, Prestige Frontier, and Pass the Marches were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Break the Ranks and others. Sweep the Wilderness, Prestige Wilderness, Settle the Wilderness, Open the Wilderness, and Govern the Wilderness were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Open Distant and others. Uphold Restraint, Sweep Restraint, Establish Restraint, Effect Restraint, and Submit Restraint were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Super Martial and others. Cross the River, Cross the Sea, Receive Transformation, Uphold Rectitude, and Pacify the Region were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Subdue the Waves and others. Subdue Righteousness, Cherish Grace, Return in Sincerity, Uphold Trust, and Cherish Righteousness were the same class, corresponding to the titles of Vanguard and others. In all one hundred twenty-five generals, twenty-eight classes, all conferred on foreign barbarian titles, equivalent to those of central China, as recorded here. In the fourth year of Datong, Erzhu Zhongyuan, Prince of Pengcheng of Wei, came over in surrender and was made Grand General of Settling Luoyang; he was still sent north to campaign, hence the name, as recorded here.

陳承梁，皆循其制官，而又置相國，位列丞相上。並丞相、太宰、太傅、太保、大司馬、大將軍，並以為贈官。定令，尚書置五員，郎二十一員。其餘並遵梁制，為十八班，而官有清濁。自十二班以上並詔授，表啟不稱姓。從十一班至九班，禮數複為一等。又流外有七班，此是寒微士人為之。從此班者，方得進登第一班。其親王起家則為侍中。若加將軍，方得有佐史，無將軍則無府，止有國官。皇太子塚嫡者，起家封王，依諸王起家。余子並封公，起家中書郎。諸王子並諸侯世子，起家給事。三公子起家員外散騎侍郎，令僕子起家秘書郎。若員滿，亦為板法曹，雖高半階，望終秘書郎下。次令僕子起家著作佐郎，亦為板行參軍。此外有揚州主簿、太學博士、王國侍郎、奉朝請、嗣王行參軍，並起家官，未合發詔。諸王公參佐等官，仍為清濁。或有選司補用，亦有府牒即授者，不拘年限，去留隨意。在府之日，唯賓遊宴賞，時複修參，更無餘事。若隨府王在州，其僚佐等，或亦得預催督。若其驅使，便有職務。其衣冠子弟，多自修立，非氣類者，唯利是求，暴物亂政，皆此之類。國之政事，並由中書省。有中書舍人五人，領主事十人，書吏二百人。書吏不足，並取助書。分掌二十一局事，各當尚書諸曹，並為上司，總國內機要，而尚書唯聽受而已。被委此官，多擅威勢。其庶姓為州，若無將軍者，謂之單車。郡縣官之任代下，有迎新送故之法，餉饋皆百姓出，並以定令。其所製品秩，今列之云。

Chen succeeded Liang and all followed its institutional offices; they also established a Chancellor of State, ranking above the Chancellor, as recorded here. Chancellor, Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Grand Protector, Grand Marshal, and Grand General were all posthumous offices, as recorded here. Upon the ordinances were fixed, the Department of State Affairs had five Ministers and twenty-one Directors. The rest all followed the Liang system of eighteen classes, and offices were distinguished as pure or impure, as recorded here. From the twelfth class upward all were appointed by edict; memorials and reports did not use surnames, as recorded here. From the eleventh class to the ninth class, ceremonial treatment formed another grade, as recorded here. Outside the regular ranks there were seven classes; these were held by men of humble origin, as recorded here. Only from this class could one advance to the first class, as recorded here. Imperial princes began office as Attendants-in-Ordinary, as recorded here. Where a general's title was added, then staff clerks were permitted; without a general's title there was no office, only state officials. The Crown Prince's eldest son by the primary consort began office enfeoffed as a prince, following the same entry as other princes, as recorded here. Other sons were all enfeoffed as dukes and began office as Secretaries of the Secretariat, as recorded here. All princes' sons and all marquises' heirs began office as Gentlemen for Attending to Affairs, as recorded here. Sons of Directors and Vice Directors began office as Extra Gentlemen of the Loose Retinue; sons of Directors began office as Secretaries of the Imperial Library, as recorded here. Where the quota was full, they became provisional Legal Bureau Aides; though half a class higher, they ultimately ranked below Secretaries of the Imperial Library. Next, sons of Vice Directors began office as Assistant Masters of Writing, also as provisional Acting Aides, as recorded here. Beyond these there were Yangzhou Chief Clerks, Imperial Academy Erudites, Vice Directors of princely states, Court Attendants, and Acting Aides of successor princes—all entry-level offices not yet subject to edict, as recorded here. Staff and aides of all princes and dukes were still distinguished as pure or impure, as recorded here. Some were appointed by the selection office; some received appointment directly from the household document—without regard to term limits, departure and retention at will, as recorded here. While in the household, they only joined in guest banquets and entertainments, occasionally attending to official business; there were no other duties, as recorded here. Where they followed the prince to his province, their staff and aides might also participate in supervision and urging. Where they were sent on missions, then they had real duties. Many sons of the gentry cultivated themselves; those not of the same kind sought only profit, plundering goods and disturbing government—all were of this sort, as recorded here. The state's government affairs all passed through the Secretariat, as recorded here. The administration maintained five Secretaries of the Secretariat, ten Chief Clerks, and two hundred writing clerks. Upon writing clerks were insufficient, assistant scribes were also taken. They divided management of twenty-one bureaus, each corresponding to the various departments of the Department of State Affairs, all serving as superiors and controlling the inner secrets of the state, while the Department of State Affairs only received and listened, as recorded here. Those entrusted with this office often wielded excessive power, as recorded here. For commoners serving as provincial governors, if there was no general's title, they were called Single Chariot, as recorded here. Upon commandery and county officials were replaced, there were methods for welcoming the new and seeing off the old; provisions and gifts were all supplied by the common people and were fixed by ordinance. The grades and ranks they established are listed below, as recorded here.

相國，丞相，太宰，太傅，太保，大司馬，大將軍，太尉，司徒，司空，開府儀同三司，已上秩萬石。巴陵王、汝陰王后，尚書令，已上秩中二千石。品並第一。

Chancellor of State, Chancellor, Grand Preceptor, Grand Tutor, Grand Protector, Grand Marshal, Grand General, Grand Commandant, Minister over the Masses, Minister of Works, and Opener of an Office with Equal Privilege to the Three Excellencies—all ranked at ten-thousand-shi and above. After the kings of Baling and Yuyin, and the Director of the Department of State Affairs—all ranked at middle two-thousand-shi and above. All were grade one, as recorded here.

中書監，尚書左右僕射，特進，太子二傅，左右光祿大夫，已上中二千石。品並第二。

Supervisor of the Secretariat, Left and Right Vice Directors of the Department of State Affairs, Special Advancement, Crown Prince's Two Tutors, and Left and Right Masters of Brilliant Happiness—all middle two-thousand-shi and above. All were grade two, as recorded here.

中書令，侍中，散騎常侍，領、護軍，中領、護軍，吏部尚書，列曹尚書，金紫光祿大夫，光祿大夫，已上並中二千石。左右衛將軍，禦史中丞，已上二千石。太後衛尉、太僕、少府三卿，太常、宗正、太府、衛尉、司農、少府、廷尉、光祿、大匠、太僕、鴻臚、太舟等卿，太子詹事，國子祭酒，已上中二千石。揚州刺史，凡單車刺史，加督進一品，都督進二品。不論持節假節，揚州、徐州加督，進二品右光祿已下。加都督，第一品尚書令下。南徐、東揚州刺史，皇弟皇子封國王世子，品並第三。

Director of the Secretariat, Attendant-in-Ordinary, Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue, Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General, Central Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General, Minister of Personnel, Ministers of the various departments, Master of the Gold Seal and Purple Cord, and Master of Brilliant Happiness. All ranked at middle two-thousand-shi. Left and Right Guard Generals and Censor-in-Chief. They received two,000 shi or more. Three ministers of the Empress Dowager's Guard, Imperial Stud, and Palace Stores; Ministers of Ceremonies, Imperial Clan, Palace Treasury, Guards, Grand Granary, Palace Stores, Punishments, Brilliant Happiness, Construction, Imperial Stud, Grand Herald, and Great Vessels; Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household; and National Academy Libationer—all middle two-thousand-shi and above. Prefect of Yangzhou; for all Single Chariot prefects, adding Supervisor advanced one grade; adding Commander-in-Chief advanced two grades, as recorded here. Regardless of holding staff of authority or seal of authority, for Yangzhou and Xuzhou adding Supervisor advanced two grades below Right Master of Brilliant Happiness, as recorded here. Adding Commander-in-Chief advanced below grade-one Director of the Department of State Affairs, as recorded here. Prefects of Southern Xu and Eastern Yangzhou, and heirs of imperial younger brothers, princes, enfeoffed princes, and state princes. All were classified as grade three.

通直散騎常侍，員外散騎常侍，黃門侍郎，已上二千石。秘書監，中二千石。左右驍騎、左右遊擊等將軍，太子中庶子，已上二千石。太子左右衛率，二千石硃衣直閣，雲騎、游騎將軍，中書侍郎，已上千石。尚書左右丞，尚書、吏部侍郎、郎中，已上六百石。尚書郎中與吏部郎同列，今品同。太子三卿，太中、中散大夫，司徒左右長史，已上千石。諸王師，依秩減之例。國子博士，千石。荊江南兗郢湘雍等州刺史，六州加督，進在第三品東揚州下。加都督，進在第二品右光祿下。嗣王、蕃王、郡公、縣公等世子，品並第四。

Direct Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue, Extra Regular Attendant of the Loose Retinue, and Gentleman Attendant of the Yellow Gate. They received two,000 shi or more. Supervisor of the Imperial Library. They ranked at middle two-thousand-shi. Left and Right Valiant Cavalry and Mobile Attack Generals and Supervisor of the Crown Prince's Household. They received two,000 shi or more. Left and Right Commandants of the Crown Prince's Guard: two-thousand-shi; Scarlet-Robed Direct Gate; Cloud Cavalry and Mobile Cavalry Generals; Secretary of the Secretariat. They received one,000 shi or more. Left and Right Assistant Directors of the Department of State Affairs, Secretaries and Directors of Personnel in the Department of State Affairs—six-hundred-shi and above. Directors of the Department of State Affairs and Directors of Personnel were listed together; now their grades were the same, as recorded here. Three ministers of the Crown Prince, Grand Master of Palace Attendance, and Master of Palace Attendance, and Left and Right Chief Administrators of the Minister over the Masses. They received one,000 shi or more. Tutors of princes—according to the rule of reduced rank. National Academy Erudite. The stipend was one,000 shi. Prefects of Jing, Jiang, Southern Yan, Ying, Xiang, and Yongzhou; for the six provinces adding Supervisor, advancement was below grade-three Eastern Yangzhou, as recorded here. Adding Commander-in-Chief, advancement was below grade-two Right Master of Brilliant Happiness, as recorded here. Heirs of successor princes, feudal princes, commandery dukes, and county dukes. All were classified as grade four.

秘書丞，明堂、太廟、帝陵等令，已上六百石。散騎侍郎，前左右後軍將軍，左右中郎將，已上千石。大長秋，二千石。太子中舍人、庶子，六百石。豫益廣衡等州，青州領冀州，北兗北徐等州，梁州領南秦州，司南梁交越桂霍寧等十五州，加督，進在第四品雍州下。加都督，進在第三品南徐州下。不言秩。丹陽尹，中二千石。會稽太守，二千石。加督，進在第四品雍州下。加都督進在第三品南徐州下。諸郡若督及都督，皆以此差次為例。吳郡、吳興二太守，二千石。侯世子，不言秩。皇弟皇子府諮議參軍，八百石。皇弟皇子府板諮議參軍，不言秩。皇弟皇子府長史，千石。皇弟皇子府板長史，不言秩。皇弟皇子府司馬，千石。皇弟皇子府板司馬，不言秩。皇弟皇子公府從事中郎，六百石。品並第五。

Assistant Director of the Imperial Library and Directors of the Bright Hall, Grand Temple, and Imperial Tombs—six-hundred-shi and above. Gentleman of the Loose Retinue, Front, Left, Right, and Rear Generals, and Left and Right Commandants of the Central Guard. They received one,000 shi or more. Grand Director of the Palace Domain. The stipend was two,000 shi. Attendant and Junior Supervisor of the Crown Prince's Household. They were paid six hundred shi. Yu, Yi, Guang, and Heng provinces; Qingzhou governing Jizhou; Northern Yan and Northern Xu provinces; Liangzhou governing Southern Qinzhou; and the fifteen provinces of Si, Southern Liang, Jiao, Yue, Gui, Huo, and Ning—adding Supervisor advanced below grade-four Yongzhou. Adding Commander-in-Chief advanced below grade-three Southern Xuzhou, as recorded here. Rank was not stated, as recorded here. Director of Danyang. They ranked at middle two-thousand-shi. Grand Administrator of Kuaiji. The stipend was two,000 shi. Adding Supervisor advanced below grade-four Yongzhou, as recorded here. Adding Commander-in-Chief advanced below grade-three Southern Xuzhou, as recorded here. Every commanderies with Supervisor or Commander-in-Chief, this sequence was the standard. Grand Administrators of Wu and Wuxing. The stipend was two,000 shi. Heirs of marquises. No formal rank was assigned. Advisory Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households—eight-hundred-shi. Provisional Advisory Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households. No formal rank was assigned. Chief Administrator of imperial younger brother and prince households. The stipend was one,000 shi. Provisional Chief Administrator of imperial younger brother and prince households. No formal rank was assigned. Major of imperial younger brother and prince households. The stipend was one,000 shi. Provisional Major of imperial younger brother and prince households. No formal rank was assigned. Attendant Secretary of imperial younger brother and ducal households. They were paid six hundred shi. All grade five, as recorded here.

通直散騎侍郎，千石。著作郎，六百石。步兵、射聲、長水、越騎、屯騎五校尉，並千石。太子洗馬，六百石。太子步兵、翊軍、屯騎三校尉，並秩同台校。司徒左西掾屬，並本秩四百石。依減秩例。皇弟皇子友，依減秩例。皇弟皇子公府屬，本秩四百石。依減秩例。五經博士，六百石。子男世子，不言秩。萬戶以上郡太守、內史、相，嗣王府、皇弟皇子之庶子府諮議參軍，六百石。板者不言秩。嗣王府、皇弟皇子之庶子府長史、司馬，並八百石。嗣王府官減正王府一階。其板長史、司馬，並不言秩。庶姓公府諮議參軍，六百石。與嗣王府同。其板者並不言秩。庶姓公府長史、司馬，並八百石。其板者並不言秩。嗣王庶姓公府從事中郎，六百石。皇帝皇子府中錄事參軍、板府中錄事參軍，中記室參軍、板中記室參軍，中直兵參軍、板中直兵參軍，揚州別駕中從事，皇弟皇子南徐荊江南兗郢湘雍州別駕中從事，並不言秩，品並第六。

Direct Regular Gentleman of the Loose Retinue. The stipend was one,000 shi. Master of Writing. They were paid six hundred shi. Five Commandants of Foot Soldiers, Shooter Sound, Long River, Yue Cavalry, and Garrison Cavalry—all one-thousand-shi. Master of the Classics Bureau of the Crown Prince. They were paid six hundred shi. Three Commandants of Foot Soldiers, Support Army, and Garrison Cavalry of the Crown Prince—all equal in rank to the platform Commandants. Left Western Secretary and Secretary of the Minister over the Masses—all original rank four-hundred-shi. Their rank was reduced under the standard rule. Friend of imperial younger brothers and princes—according to the rule of reduced rank. Staff Secretary of imperial younger brother and ducal households—original rank four-hundred-shi. Their rank was reduced under the standard rule. Erudite of the Five Classics. They were paid six hundred shi. Heirs of viscounts and barons. No formal rank was assigned. Grand Administrators, Inner Secretaries, and Chancellors of commanderies of ten thousand households or more, and Advisory Aides of successor princes' and junior princes' households. They were paid six hundred shi. Provisional appointees. No formal rank was assigned. Chief Administrator and Major of successor princes' and junior princes' households—all eight-hundred-shi. Offices of successor princes' households were one grade lower than regular princes' households, as recorded here. Provisional Chief Administrators and Majors. No formal rank was assigned. Advisory Aide of commoner ducal households. They were paid six hundred shi. Same as successor princes' households, as recorded here. Provisional appointees. No formal rank was assigned. Chief Administrator and Major of commoner ducal households—all eight-hundred-shi. Provisional appointees. No formal rank was assigned. Attendant Secretary of successor and commoner ducal households. They were paid six hundred shi. Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of emperor and prince households, and provisional Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides; Supervising Aide of Yangzhou; Administrative and Supervising Aides of Southern Xu, Jing, Jiang, Southern Yan, Ying, Xiang, and Yongzhou for imperial younger brothers and princes—all rank not stated; all grade six.

給事中，六百石，員外散騎侍郎，秘書著作佐郎，並四百石。依減秩例。奉車、駙馬都尉，武賁中郎將，羽林監，冗從僕射，已上並六百石。謁者僕射，千石。南台治書侍御史，六百石。太子舍人，二百石。依減秩例。太子門大夫，六百石。太子旅賁中郎將、冗從僕射，並秩同台將。司徒主簿，依減秩例。司徒祭酒，不言秩。領護軍長史、司馬，廷尉正、監、平，並六百石。皇弟皇子府錄事記室中兵等參軍、板錄事記室中兵等參軍、功曹史、主簿，公府祭酒，並不言秩。皇弟皇子文學，依減秩例。嗣王庶姓公府掾屬，並本秩四百石。依減秩例。太子二傅丞，並六百石。蕃王府諮議參軍，四百石。蕃王府板諮議參軍，不言秩。蕃王府長史、司馬，六百石。板者並不言秩。庶姓持節府諮議參軍，四百石。庶姓非公不持節將軍置長史，六百石。庶姓持節府板諮議參軍，不言秩。庶姓持節府長史、司馬，並六百石。板者皆不言秩。嗣王府、皇弟皇子之庶子、及庶姓公府中錄事中記室中直兵參軍、及板中錄事中記室中直兵參軍，並不言秩。不滿萬戶太守、內史、相，二千石。丹陽、會稽、吳郡、吳興及萬戶郡丞，並六百石。建康令，千石。建康正、監、平，秩同廷尉。品並第七。

Gentleman for Attending to Affairs—six-hundred-shi; Extra Gentleman of the Loose Retinue and Assistant Master of Writing of the Imperial Library: all four-hundred-shi. Their rank was reduced under the standard rule. Commandants of Chariot Service and Imperial Son-in-Law, Central Commandant of the Imperial Guard, Forest of Feathers Supervisor, and Vice Director of the Attendant Retinue—all six-hundred-shi and above. Vice Director of Heralds. The stipend was one,000 shi. Southern Office Supervising Censor. They were paid six hundred shi. Attendant of the Crown Prince. They were paid two hundred shi. Their rank was reduced under the standard rule. Gate Grand Master of the Crown Prince. They were paid six hundred shi. Central Commandant of the Imperial Guard and Vice Director of the Attendant Retinue of the Crown Prince—all equal in rank to the platform generals. Chief Clerk of the Minister over the Masses—according to the rule of reduced rank. Libationer of the Minister over the Masses. No formal rank was assigned. Chief Administrator and Major of Commander-in-Chief and Protector-General households, and Director, Supervisor, and Assessor of the Commandant of Punishments—all six-hundred-shi. Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, provisional Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, Merit Clerk, and Chief Clerk of imperial younger brother and prince households, and Libationer of ducal households—all rank not stated. Literary Scholar of imperial younger brothers and princes—according to the rule of reduced rank. Staff Secretary of successor and commoner ducal households—all original rank four-hundred-shi. Their rank was reduced under the standard rule. Assistant Directors of the Crown Prince's Two Tutors—all six-hundred-shi. Advisory Aide of feudal princes' households. They were paid four hundred shi. Provisional Advisory Aide of feudal princes' households. No formal rank was assigned. Chief Administrator and Major of feudal princes' households. They were paid six hundred shi. Provisional appointees. No formal rank was assigned. Advisory Aide of commoner households holding staff of authority. They were paid four hundred shi. Chief Administrator established for commoner generals not holding staff of authority who were not dukes. They were paid six hundred shi. Provisional Advisory Aide of commoner households holding staff of authority. No formal rank was assigned. Chief Administrator and Major of commoner households holding staff of authority—all six-hundred-shi. Provisional appointees. No formal rank was assigned. Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of successor princes', junior princes', and commoner ducal households, and provisional Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides—all rank not stated. Grand Administrators, Inner Secretaries, and Chancellors of commanderies of fewer than ten thousand households. The stipend was two,000 shi. Assistant Directors of Danyang, Kuaiji, Wu, Wuxing, and commanderies of ten thousand households—all six-hundred-shi. Magistrate of Jiankang. The stipend was one,000 shi. Director, Supervisor, and Assessor of Jiankang—equal in rank to the Commandant of Punishments. All grade seven, as recorded here.

中書通事舍人，依減秩例。積射、強弩、武衛等將軍，公車令，太子左右積弩將軍，並六百石。奉朝請武騎常侍，依減秩例。太后三卿、十二卿、大長秋等丞，並六百石。左右衛司馬，不言秩。太子詹事丞，胄子律博士，並六百石。皇弟皇子府正參軍、板正參軍、行參軍、板行參軍，嗣王府、皇弟子皇子之庶子府錄事記室中兵參軍、板錄事記室中兵參軍、功曹史、主簿，庶姓非公不持節諸將軍置主簿，庶姓公府錄事記室中兵參軍、板錄事記室中兵參軍、主簿，嗣王庶姓公府祭酒，蕃王府中錄事記室直兵參軍、板中錄事記室直兵參軍、，庶姓持節府中錄事記室直兵參軍、及板中錄事記室直兵參軍，太子太傅、五官功曹史、主簿，少傅、五官功曹史、主簿，已上並不言秩。太學博士，六百石。國子助教，司樽郎，安蠻戎越校尉中郎將府等長史，六百石。蠻戎越等府佐無定品。自隨主軍號輕重。小府減大府一階。蠻戎越校尉中郎將等府板長史，不言秩。蠻戎越校尉中郎將等司馬，六百石。板者不言秩。庶姓南徐荊江南兗郢湘雍等州別駕中從事，不言秩。不滿萬戶已下郡丞，六百石。五千戶已上縣令、相，一千石。皇弟皇子國郎中令、大農、中尉，並六百石。品並第八。

Attendant for General Affairs of the Secretariat—according to the rule of reduced rank. Accumulated Shooter, Strong Crossbow, and Martial Guard Generals, Director of Public Chariots, and Left and Right Accumulated Crossbow Generals of the Crown Prince—all six-hundred-shi. Court Attendant and Martial Cavalry Regular Attendant—according to the rule of reduced rank. Assistant Directors of the three ministers of the Empress Dowager, twelve ministers, and Grand Director of the Palace Domain—all six-hundred-shi. Majors of the Left and Right Guards. No formal rank was assigned. Assistant Director of the Superintendent of the Crown Prince's Household and Erudite of Military Law for the Crown Prince—all six-hundred-shi. Regular Aide, provisional Regular Aide, Acting Aide, and provisional Acting Aide of imperial younger brother and prince households; Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, provisional Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, Merit Clerk, and Chief Clerk of successor princes', junior princes', and junior princes' households; Chief Clerk established for commoner generals not holding staff of authority; Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, provisional Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, and Chief Clerk of commoner ducal households; Libationer of successor and commoner ducal households; Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides, and provisional Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of feudal princes' households; Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides, and provisional Central Recorder, Central Recorder of Affairs, and Central Direct Military Aides of commoner households holding staff of authority; Five Officers, Merit Clerks, and Chief Clerks of the Crown Prince's Grand Tutor and Junior Tutor—all rank not stated. Erudite of the Imperial Academy. They were paid six hundred shi. Assistant Instructor of the National Academy, Master of the Wine Vessel, and Chief Administrator of the Pacification of Barbarians, Barbarians, and Yue Central Commandant households. They were paid six hundred shi. Staff of barbarian and Yue households had no fixed grade, as recorded here. They followed the weight of the household lord's military title, as recorded here. Small households were one grade lower than large households, as recorded here. Provisional Chief Administrators of barbarian and Yue Commandant and Central Commandant households. No formal rank was assigned. Majors of barbarian and Yue Commandant and Central Commandant households. They were paid six hundred shi. Provisional appointees. No formal rank was assigned. Administrative and Supervising Aides of Southern Xu, Jing, Jiang, Southern Yan, Ying, Xiang, and Yongzhou for commoners. No formal rank was assigned. Assistant Directors of commanderies of fewer than ten thousand households. They were paid six hundred shi. Magistrates and Chancellors of counties of five thousand households or more. The stipend was one,000 shi. Director of Gentlemen, Grand Agriculture, and Central Commandant of imperial younger brother and prince states—all six-hundred-shi. All grade eight, as recorded here.

左右二衛殿中將軍，不言秩。南台侍御史。依秩減例。東宮通事舍人，不言秩。材官將軍，六百石。太子左右二衛率、殿中將軍及丞、嗣王府、皇弟皇子之庶子府正參軍、板正參軍、行參軍、板行參軍，庶姓公府正參軍、板正參軍、蕃王府錄事記室中兵等參軍、板錄事記室中兵等參軍、功曹史、主簿，正參軍、板正參軍、行參軍、板行參軍，庶姓持節府錄事記室中兵等參軍、板錄事記室中兵等參軍、功曹史、主簿庶姓豫益廣衡青冀北兗北徐梁秦司南徐等州別駕中從事史，揚州主簿、西曹及祭酒、議曹二從事，南徐州主簿、西曹、祭酒議曹二從事，皇弟皇子諸州主簿、西曹，已上並不言秩。不滿五千戶已下縣令、相，六百石。皇弟皇子國常侍、侍郎，不言秩。嗣王國郎中令、大農、中尉，並四百石。嗣王國常侍，不言秩。蕃王國郎中令、大農、殿中，並二百石。品並第九。

Palace Generals of the Left and Right Guards. No formal rank was assigned. Southern Office Attending Censor, as recorded here. Their rank was reduced under the standard rule. Attendant for General Affairs of the Eastern Palace. No formal rank was assigned. General of Works Materials. They were paid six hundred shi. Left and Right Commandants of the Crown Prince's Guard, Palace Generals and Assistant Directors, Regular Aide, provisional Regular Aide, Acting Aide, and provisional Acting Aide of successor princes' and junior princes' households; Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, provisional Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, Merit Clerk, and Chief Clerk of feudal princes' households; Regular Aide, provisional Regular Aide, Acting Aide, and provisional Acting Aide; Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, provisional Recorder, Recorder of Affairs, and Central Military Aides, Merit Clerk, and Chief Clerk of commoner households holding staff of authority; Clerk-Aides of Yu, Yi, Guang, Heng, Qing, Ji, Northern Yan, Northern Xu, Liang, Qin, Si, and Southern Xuzhou for commoners; Chief Clerks and Western Bureau, Libationer, and Advisory Aides of Yang and Southern Xuzhou—all rank not stated. Magistrates and Chancellors of counties of fewer than five thousand households. They were paid six hundred shi. Regular Attendant and Vice Director of imperial younger brother and prince states. No formal rank was assigned. Director of Gentlemen, Grand Agriculture, and Central Commandant of successor princes' states—all four-hundred-shi. Regular Attendant of successor princes' states. No formal rank was assigned. Director of Gentlemen, Grand Agriculture, and Palace Affairs of feudal princes' states—all two-hundred-shi. All grade nine, as recorded here.

又有戎號擬官，自一品至於九品，凡二百三十七。鎮衛、驃騎、車騎等三號將軍，擬官品第一。比秩中二千石。四中、軍、撫、衛、權。四征、東南西北。八鎮東南西北，左右前後。等十六號將軍，擬官品第二。秩中二千石。八安、左前右後，東南西北。四翊、左前右後。四平東南西北。等十六號將軍，擬官品第三。秩中二千石。忠武、軍師、武臣、爪牙、龍騎、雲麾、冠軍、鎮兵、翊師、宣惠、宣毅等將軍，四中郎將，智、仁、勇、信、嚴等五威、五武將軍，合二十五號，擬官品第四。秩中二千石。輕車、鎮朔、武旅、貞毅、明威等將軍，將軍加大者至此。凡加大，通進一階。甯、安、征、振、宣等五遠將軍，甯蠻校尉，雍州小府、蠻越校尉中郎將，隨府主軍號輕重。若單作，則減刺史一階。若有將軍，減將軍一階。合十八號，擬官品第五。威雄、猛、烈、震、信、略、勝、風、力、光等十威，武猛、略、勝、力、毅、健、烈、威、銳、勇等十武，猛毅、烈、威、震、銳、進、智、勝、駿等十猛，壯武、勇、烈、猛、銳、威、力、毅、志、意等十壯，驍雄、桀、猛、烈、武、勇、銳、名、勝、迅等十驍，雄猛、威、明、烈、信、武、勇、毅、壯、健等十雄，忠勇、烈、猛、銳、壯、毅、捍、信、義、勝等十忠，明智、略、遠、勇、烈、威、銳、毅、勝、進等十明，光烈、明、英、遠、勝、銳、命、勇、戎、野等十光，飆勇、烈、猛、銳、奇、決、起、勝、略、出等十飆將軍，平越中郎，廣、梁、南秦、南梁、寧等州小府。西戎、平戎、鎮蠻三校尉等，擬官一百四號，品第六。並千石。龍驤、武視、雲旗、風烈、電威、雷音、馳銳、追銳、羽騎、突騎、折沖、冠武、和戎、安壘、超猛、英果、掃虜、掃狄、武銳、摧鋒、開遠、略遠、貞威、決勝、清野、堅銳、輕車、拔山、雲勇、振旅等將軍，擬官三十號，品第七。並六百石。超武、鐵騎、樓船、宣猛、樹功、克狄、平虜、棱威、戎昭、威戎、伏波、雄戟、長劍、沖冠、雕騎、佽飛、勇騎、破敵、克敵、威虜等將軍，鎮蠻護軍，西陽、南新蔡、晉熙、廬江郡小府、鎮蠻安遠護軍、度支校尉，隨府主號輕重。若單作，則減太守內史相一階。若有將軍，減一階。安遠護軍，度支校尉巴陵郡丞等，擬官二十三號，品第八。並六百石。前鋒、武毅、開邊、招遠、金威、破陣、蕩寇、殄虜、橫野、馳射等將軍，擬官十號，品第九。並四百石。諸將起自第六品已下，板則無秩。其雖除不領兵，領兵不滿百人，並除此官而為州郡縣者，皆依本條減秩石。二千石減為千石，千石降為六百石。自四百石降而無秩。其州郡縣，自各以本秩論。凡板將軍，皆降除一品。諸依此減降品秩。其應假給章印，各依舊差，不貶奪。

The court also established military titles modeled on offices, from grade one to grade nine, totaling two hundred thirty-seven. The three general titles of Guardian, Defender, Fast Cavalry, and Chariots and Cavalry were modeled on grade-one offices, as recorded here. Rank equivalent to middle two-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Four Central Generals—Army, Pacification, Guard, and Protection, as recorded here. Four Campaign Generals—East, South, North, and West, as recorded here. Eight Garrison Generals of East, South, North, and West, and Left, Right, Front, and Rear, as recorded here. These sixteen general titles were modeled on grade-two offices, as recorded here. Rank middle two-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Eight Pacification Generals of Left, Front, Right, and Rear, and East, South, North, and West, as recorded here. Four Support Generals of Left, Front, Right, and Rear, as recorded here. Four Suppression Generals of East, South, North, and West, as recorded here. These sixteen general titles were modeled on grade-three offices, as recorded here. Rank middle two-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Loyal Martial, Military Advisor, Martial Minister, Talon and Fang, Dragon Cavalry, Cloud Banner, Champion, Garrison Troops, Support Army, Propagation of Grace, and Propagation of Resolution Generals, Four Commandants of the Central Guard, and the five Prestige and five Martial Generals of Wise, Benevolent, Valiant, Trustworthy, and Stern—twenty-five titles in all—were modeled on grade-four offices, as recorded here. Rank middle two-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Light Chariot, Garrison North, Martial Travel, Steadfast Resolution, and Bright Authority Generals; generals with added titles extended only to this point, as recorded here. Every added titles, generally one advanced one grade. Pacification Distant, Pacification Distant, Campaign Distant, Quell Distant, and Propagation Distant Generals; Pacification of Barbarians Commandant; small households of Yongzhou and barbarian and Yue Central Commandants—following the weight of the household lord's military title. Where held alone, one grade lower than the prefect. Where there was a general's title, one grade lower than the general. Eighteen titles in all were modeled on grade-five offices, as recorded here. Ten Prestige Generals of Hero, Fierce, Assault, Quake, Trust, Strategy, Victory, Wind, Power, and Light; ten Martial Generals of Fierce, Strategy, Victory, Power, Resolution, Robust, Assault, Prestige, Sharpness, and Valor; ten Fierce Generals of Resolution, Assault, Prestige, Sharpness, Quake, Advance, Wisdom, Victory, and Swift; ten Strong Generals of Martial, Valor, Assault, Fierce, Sharpness, Flourish, Resolution, Aspiration, Intent, and Power; ten Valiant Generals of Hero, Outstanding, Fierce, Assault, Martial, Valor, Sharpness, Name, Victory, and Swift; ten Heroic Generals of Fierce, Prestige, Bright, Assault, Trust, Martial, Valor, Resolution, Strong, and Robust; ten Loyal Generals of Valor, Assault, Fierce, Sharpness, Strong, Resolution, Defense, Trust, Righteousness, and Victory; ten Bright Generals of Wisdom, Strategy, Distant, Valor, Assault, Prestige, Sharpness, Resolution, Victory, and Advance; ten Glorious Generals of Assault, Bright, Hero, Distant, Victory, Sharpness, Mandate, Valor, Barbarians, and Wilds; ten Storm Generals of Valor, Assault, Fierce, Sharpness, Marvel, Decision, Rise, Victory, Strategy, and Emergence; and Pacification of Yue Central Commandant and small households of Guang, Liang, Southern Qin, Southern Liang, and Ning provinces—one hundred four titles modeled on grade six. Western Barbarians, Pacification of Barbarians, and Garrison Barbarians Commandants—grade six. All one-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Dragon Charger, Martial Vision, Cloud Banner, Wind Assault, Lightning Prestige, Thunder Sound, Galloping Sharpness, Pursuing Sharpness, Feather Cavalry, Charging Cavalry, Break the Ranks, Crown Martial, Harmonize the Barbarians, Secure the Ramparts, Super Fierce, Heroic Fruit, Sweep the Barbarians, Sweep the Di, Martial Sharpness, Crush the Vanguard, Open Distant, Strategy Distant, Steadfast Prestige, Decisive Victory, Clear the Wilds, Firm Sharpness, Light Sharpness, Uproot the Mountain, Cloud Valor, and Quell the Army Generals—thirty titles modeled on grade seven. All six-hundred-shi, as recorded here. Super Martial, Iron Cavalry, Tower Ship, Propagation of Fierce, Establish Merit, Subdue the Di, Pacify the Barbarians, Edge Prestige, Proclaim Prestige, and Prestige Over the Barbarians Generals; Garrison Barbarians Protector-General; and small households of Xiyang, Southern Xincai, Jinxi, and Lujiang commanderies, Garrison Barbarians Pacification Distant Protector-General, and Revenue Control Commandant—following the weight of the household lord's title. Where held alone, one grade lower than the Grand Administrator, Inner Secretary, or Chancellor. Where there was a general's title, one grade lower. Pacification Distant Protector-General, Revenue Control Commandant, and Assistant Director of Baling Commandery—twenty-three titles modeled on grade eight. All six-hundred-shi, as recorded here. Vanguard, Martial Resolution, Open the Border, Summon the Distant, Golden Prestige, Break the Array, Sweep the Bandits, Exterminate the Barbarians, Sweep the Wilds, and Galloping Archer Generals—ten titles modeled on grade nine. All four-hundred-shi, as recorded here. For generals beginning from grade six downward, provisional appointment carried no rank, as recorded here. Even if appointed but not commanding troops, or commanding fewer than one hundred men, and then serving as provincial, commandery, or county officials—all were reduced in rank according to this article, as recorded here. Two-thousand-shi was reduced to one-thousand-shi; one-thousand-shi was reduced to six-hundred-shi, as recorded here. From four-hundred-shi downward there was no rank, as recorded here. For provinces, commanderies, and counties, each was assessed according to its original rank, as recorded here. Every provisional generals, one grade was reduced. All reductions followed this rule of lowered grade and rank, as recorded here. For seals and insignia to be granted on loan, each followed the old difference and was not degraded, as recorded here.

其封爵亦為九等之差。郡王第一品。秩萬石。嗣王、蕃王、開國郡縣公，第二品。開國郡、縣侯，第三品。開國縣伯，第四品，並視中二千石。開國子，第五品。開國男，第六品。並視二千石。湯沐食侯，第七品。鄉、亭侯，第八品。並視千石。關中、關外侯，第九品。視六百石。

Enfeoffments also had nine grades of difference, as recorded here. Commandery prince—grade one. Rank ten-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Successor princes, feudal princes, and commandery and county dukes who founded states—grade two. Commandery and county marquises who founded states—grade three. County earls who founded states—grade four; all treated as middle two-thousand-shi. Viscounts who founded states—grade five. Barons who founded states—grade six. All treated as two-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Marquises with bath-fief grants—grade seven. District and hamlet marquises—grade eight. All treated as one-thousand-shi, as recorded here. Marquises within and without the passes—grade nine. Treated as six-hundred-shi, as recorded here.

陳依梁制，年未滿三十者，不得入仕。唯經學生策試得第，諸州光迎主簿，西曹左奏及經為挽郎得仕。其諸郡，唯正王任丹陽尹經迎得出身，庶姓尹則不得。必有奇才異行殊勳，別降恩旨敘用者，不在常例。其相知表啟通舉者，每常有之，亦無年常考校黜陟之法。既不為此式，所以勤惰無辨。凡選官無定期，隨闕即補，多更互遷官，未必即進班秩。其官唯論清濁，從濁官得微清，則勝於轉。若有遷授，或由別敕，但移轉一人為官，則諸官多須改動。其用官式，吏部先為白牒，錄數十人名，吏部尚書與參掌人共署奏。敕或可或不可。其不用者，更銓量奏請。若敕可，則付選，更色別，量貴賤，內外分之，隨才補用。以黃紙錄名，八座通署，奏可，即出付典名。而典以名貼鶴頭板，整威儀，送往得官之家。其有特發詔授官者，即宣付詔誥局，作詔章草奏聞。敕可，黃紙寫出門下。門下答詔，請付外施行。又畫可，付選司行召。得詔官者，不必皆須待召。但聞詔出，明日，即與其親入謝後，詣尚書，上省拜受。若拜王公則臨軒。

Chen followed the Liang system—those not yet thirty years of age could not enter office. Only students of the classics who passed the examination, chief clerks of provincial light-welcome offices, Western Bureau left memorialists, and those who had served as pallbearers could enter office, as recorded here. Among the various commanderies, only when a legitimate prince served as Director of Danyang through light-welcome could he begin office; when a commoner served as Director, he could not, as recorded here. Where there were unusual talent, exceptional conduct, or special merit, and separate imperial favor granted appointment, that lay outside the regular rule. Mutual recommendations through provincial memorials and reports occurred from time to time; there was also no regular annual examination for promotion and demotion, as recorded here. Since this was not the established method, diligence and idleness could not be distinguished, as recorded here. Selection of officials had no fixed schedule; as vacancies arose they were filled, and many were transferred among offices without necessarily advancing in class at once, as recorded here. Offices were judged only as pure or impure; advancing from an impure office to a slightly pure one was better than a lateral transfer, as recorded here. Where there was transfer and appointment, it might come through a separate edict; but moving one person to an office often required many other offices to be changed as well. The method of appointment—the Ministry of Personnel first prepared a white document listing several dozen names; the Minister of Personnel and the participating official jointly signed a memorial. The edict might approve or not approve, as recorded here. Where not used, another selection was weighed and submitted. Where the edict approved, it was sent to the selection office, further distinguished by color, measuring noble and base, divided inner and outer, and filled according to talent. Names were copied on yellow paper, jointly signed by the Eight Seats, submitted for approval, and then sent out to the registry office, as recorded here. The registry office pasted the names on crane-head boards, arranged ceremonial dignity, and sent them to the households of those receiving office, as recorded here. For those specially issued edicts appointing to office, it was announced to the Edict and Proclamation Bureau, which drafted the edict text and submitted a memorial, as recorded here. Upon approved, yellow paper copies were issued from the Palace Secretariat. The Palace Secretariat replied to the edict, requesting transmission outside for implementation, as recorded here. It was also marked approved and sent to the selection office for summons, as recorded here. Those receiving edict appointment did not all necessarily wait for summons, as recorded here. Once the edict was issued, the next day they entered with their kin to give thanks; afterward they went to the Department of State Affairs, entered the office, and received appointment, as recorded here. Where appointed duke or prince, they did so at the imperial audience hall.

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