1
李穆李穆,字顯慶,自雲隴西成紀人,漢騎都尉陵之後也。 陵沒匈奴,子孫代居北狄,其後隨魏南遷,複歸汧、隴。 祖斌,以都督鎭髙平,因家焉。 父文保,早卒,及穆貴,贈司空。 穆風神警俊,倜儻有奇節。 周太祖首建義旗,穆便委質,釋褐統軍。 永熙末,奉迎魏武帝,授都督,封永平縣子,邑三百戸。 又領鄕兵,累以軍功進爵爲伯。 從太祖撃齊師於芒山,太祖臨陣墮馬,穆突圍而進,以馬策撃太祖而詈之,授以從騎,潰圍倶出。 賊見其輕侮,謂太祖非貴人,遂緩之,以故得免。 旣而與穆相對泣,顧謂左右曰:「成我事者,其此人乎!」 卽令撫慰關中,所至克定,擢授武衞將軍、儀同三司,進封安武郡公,增邑一千七百戸,賜以鐵券,恕其十死。 尋加開府,領侍中。 初,芒山之敗,穆以驄馬授太祖。 太祖於是廄内驄馬盡以賜之,封穆姊妹皆爲郡縣君,宗從舅氏,頒賜各有差。 轉太僕。 從於謹破江陵,增邑千戸,進位大將軍。 撃曲沔蠻,破之,授原州刺史,拜嫡子惇爲儀同三司。 穆以二兄賢、遠並爲佐命功臣,而子弟布列淸顯,穆深懼盈滿,辭不受拜。 太祖不許。 俄遷雍州刺史,兼小塚宰。 周元年,增邑三千戸,通前三千七百戸。 又別封一子爲升遷伯。 穆讓兄子孝軌,許之。
Li Mu, whose style name was Xianqing, claimed descent from Longxi Chengji in the Yun region and from Han Cavalry Commandant Li Ling. After Li Ling died in Xiongnu captivity, his line lived among the northern tribes for generations until, under Wei, they moved south again and settled back in the Qian and Long region. His grandfather Bin had served as area commander at Gaoping and established the family there. His father Wenbao died young; when Mu rose to prominence, the court posthumously appointed Wenbao Minister of Works. Mu was quick-witted and striking in appearance, with an open, unconventional spirit and a reputation for exceptional resolve. As soon as the Zhou founder raised his standard of revolt, Mu pledged himself to the cause and, on entering service, was appointed an army commander. Near the end of Yongxi he helped escort Emperor Wu of Wei to power, received an area command, and was enfeoffed as Viscount of Yongping with three hundred households. He also commanded local militia and, on the strength of repeated battlefield honors, was promoted to marquis. At Mangshan, fighting Qi alongside the founder, Mu saw his lord thrown from his horse in the press of battle. He charged into the encirclement, lashed and cursed the founder as though he were a common soldier, handed over his escort, and together they broke free. The enemy, seeing such apparent disrespect, assumed the fallen rider was no great man and eased off—thus the founder escaped. Afterward he wept with Mu face to face and said to those around him, "The man who made my cause succeed—is it not this one?" He then sent Mu to pacify Guanzhong, where every district Mu reached was brought to order. Mu was promoted to General of the Martial Guard with the privileges of the Three Excellencies, created Duke of Anwu with an added fief of seventeen hundred households, and granted an iron certificate forgiving ten capital crimes. Shortly afterward he was granted an independent staff and appointed Palace Attendant as well. At the Mangshan rout, Mu had already given the founder his own piebald charger. In gratitude the founder gave Mu every piebald horse in the royal stables, enfeoffed each of Mu's sisters as a commandery or county lady, and distributed rewards among his kin, clients, and maternal uncles according to rank. He was then appointed Grand Master of the Stud. After taking part with Yu Jin in the fall of Jiangling, he received another thousand households in his fief and was promoted to Grand General. He campaigned against the Qu and Mian tribes, defeated them, was made governor of Yuanzhou, and his eldest son Dun was granted the rank equal to the Three Excellencies. With both his elder brothers Xian and Yuan counted among the dynasty's founding ministers and his sons and kinsmen already holding prominent offices, Mu feared the family had risen too high and refused the appointment. The founder would not hear of it. He was soon transferred to governor of Yongzhou while also serving as junior overseer of the imperial tombs. In the first year of the Zhou regime his fief grew by three thousand households, bringing the total to thirty-seven hundred. Another son was separately enfeoffed as Marquis of Shengqian. Mu asked that the title go to his nephew Xiaogui instead, and the court agreed.
2
宇文護執政,穆兄遠及其子植倶被誅,穆當從坐。 先是,穆知植非保家之主,毎勸遠除之,遠不能用。 及遠臨刑,泣謂穆曰:「顯慶,吾不用汝言,以至於此,將複奈何!」 穆以此獲免,除名爲民,及其子弟亦免官。 植弟淅州刺史基,當坐戮,穆請以二子代基之命,護義而兩釋焉。 未幾,拜開府儀同三司、直州刺史,複爵安武郡公。 武成中,子弟免官爵者悉複之。 尋除少保,進位大將軍。 歳餘,拜小司徒,進位柱國,轉大司空。 奉詔築通洛城。 天和中,進爵申國公,持節綏集東境,築武申、旦郛、慈澗、崇德、安民、交城、鹿盧等諸鎭。 建德初,拜太保。 歳餘,出爲原州總管。 數年,進位上柱國,轉并州總管。 大象初,加邑至九千戸,拜大左輔,總管如故。
Under Yuwen Hu's regency, Mu's brother Yuan and Yuan's son Zhi were both executed, and Mu was liable to punishment as an associate. Long before this, Mu had seen that Zhi would ruin the house and had repeatedly urged Yuan to remove him, but Yuan would not listen. At the execution ground Yuan wept and told Mu, "Xianqing, I ignored your advice and have come to this—what is left to do now?" Because of this plea Mu was spared, though he was struck from the rolls and reduced to commoner status, and his sons and younger kin were also dismissed from office. Zhi's younger brother Ji, governor of Xizhou, was also marked for death; Mu offered two of his own sons in Ji's place, and Hu, honoring the gesture, spared them all. Before long he was restored to the rank of commissioner equal to the Three Excellencies and governor of Zhizhou, and his ducal title of Anwu was revived. During the Wucheng reign, every son and younger kinsman who had lost rank had it restored. He was soon appointed Junior Guardian and promoted to Grand General. A year later he became Junior Minister of Education, was advanced to Pillar of the State, and then transferred to Grand Minister of Works. On imperial orders he oversaw construction of Tongluo city. During Tianhe he was created Duke of Shen and, bearing the imperial staff, pacified the eastern marches while founding garrisons at Wushen, Danfu, Cijian, Chongde, Anmin, Jiaocheng, Lulu, and elsewhere. At the start of the Jiande era he was named Grand Guardian. A year later he was posted as area commander of Yuanzhou. Several years on he was promoted to Supreme Pillar of the State and transferred to area commander of Bingzhou. Early in the Daxiang era his fief reached nine thousand households, he was made Grand Left Assistant, and he retained his command.
3
髙祖作相,尉迥之作亂也,遣使招穆。 穆鎖其使,上其書。 穆子士榮,以穆所居天下精兵處,陰勸穆反。 穆深拒之,乃奉十三環金帶於髙祖,蓋天子之服也。 穆尋以天命有在,密表勸進。 髙祖旣受禪,下詔曰:「公旣舊德,且又父党,敬惠來旨,義無有違。 便以今月十三日恭膺天命。」 俄而穆來朝,髙祖降坐禮之,拜太師,贊拜不名,眞食成安縣三千戸。 於是穆子孫雖在繈褓,悉拜儀同,其一門執象笏者百餘人。 穆之貴盛,當時無比。 穆上表乞骸骨,詔曰:「朕初臨宇内,方藉嘉猷,養老乞言,實懷虚想。 七十致仕,本爲常人。 至若呂尚以期頤佐周,張蒼以華皓相漢,髙才命世,不拘恆禮,遲得此心,留情規訓。 公年旣耆舊,筋力難煩,今勒所司,敬蠲朝集。 如有大事,須共謀謨,別遣侍臣,就第詢訪。」
While Yang Jian was still regent, Yuchi Jiong's rebellion prompted Jiong to send envoys to win Mu over. Mu detained the envoys and forwarded their message to the regent. Mu's son Shirong, noting that Bingzhou held the empire's finest troops, secretly urged his father to rebel. Mu firmly refused and instead sent Yang Jian a thirteen-ring gold belt, the sort worn only by a Son of Heaven. Soon afterward, convinced that Heaven's mandate had found its man, Mu sent a secret memorial urging Yang Jian to take the throne. Once Yang Jian had accepted the abdication, he issued an edict: "You are a man of long service and of my father's generation; I honor your counsel and in duty cannot refuse it. I shall therefore reverently assume the Mandate on the thirteenth of this month. When Mu soon came to court, the emperor left his seat to receive him in person, appointed him Grand Preceptor with the honor that his name need not be spoken in congratulatory bows, and granted him the income of three thousand households in Chengan county. Thereafter even Mu's infant descendants were granted ranks equal to the Three Excellencies, and more than a hundred members of the household carried ivory court tablets. No family in the realm matched Mu's eminence at that time. Mu memorialized asking to retire. The emperor replied, "I have only just begun to rule the realm and still depend on good counsel; to honor the aged and seek their advice is a wish close to my heart. Retirement at seventy was meant for ordinary men. Yet Lü Shang aided Zhou at a hundred years, and Zhang Cang served Han in great old age—men of rare gifts are not bound by common rules. I have long hoped for your guidance and mean to keep it. You are advanced in years and should not be wearied; I order the relevant offices to excuse you from court assemblies. On great matters that require counsel, I shall send palace attendants to your house to consult you."
4
時太史奏云,當有移都之事。 上以初受命,甚難之。 穆上表曰:
At that time the court astrologer reported that the capital would have to be moved. The emperor, having only just taken power, was deeply reluctant. Mu submitted a memorial that read:
5
帝王所居,隨時興廢,天道人事,理有存焉。 始自三皇,暨夫兩漢,有一世而屢徙,無革命而不遷。 曹、馬同洛水之陽,魏、周共長安之内,此之四代,蓋聞之矣。 曹則三家鼎立,馬則四海尋分,有魏及周,甫得平定,事乃不暇,非曰師古。 往者周運將窮,禍生華裔,廟堂冠帶,屢睹姦回,士有苞藏,人稀柱石。 四海萬國,皆縱豺狼,不叛不侵,百城罕一。 伏惟陛下膺期誕聖,秉籙受圖,始晦君人之德,俯從將相之重。 内翦群凶,崇朝大定,外誅巨猾,不日肅淸。 變大亂之民,成太平之俗,百靈符命,兆庶謳歌。 幽顯樂推,日月塡積,方屈箕、潁之志,始順内外之請。 自受命神宗,弘道設教,陶冶與陰陽合德,覆育共天地齊旨。 萬物開闢之初,八表光華之旦,視聽以革,風俗且移。 至若帝室天居,未議經創,非所謂發明大造,光贊惟新。 自漢已來,爲喪亂之地,爰從近代,累葉所都。 未嘗謀龜問筮,瞻星定鼎,何以副聖主之規,表大隨之德? 竊以神州之廣,福地之多,將爲皇家興廟建寢,上玄之意,當別有之。 伏願遠順天人,取決卜筮,時改都邑,光宅區夏。 任子來之民,垂無窮之業,應神宮於辰極,順和氣於天壤,理康物阜,永隆長世。 臣日薄桑楡,位髙軒冕,經邦論道,自顧缺然。 丹赤所懷,無容噤默。
The seat of emperors rises and falls with the times; in Heaven's way and human affairs alike, there is reason in the change. From the Three Sovereigns through the two Han dynasties, some reigns saw several moves in a single age, and no change of dynasty passed without relocating the capital. The houses of Cao and Sima both ruled from the south bank of the Luo, while Wei and Zhou both held Chang'an—four dynasties everyone knows. Under Cao the realm split three ways; under the Sima it soon fractured again; only Wei and Zhou achieved lasting order, and even then had no leisure to follow ancient precedent in choosing a capital. When Zhou's mandate was failing, disaster spread through the civilized world; court after court saw treachery among the gentry, while men fit to be pillars of state grew scarce. Across the realm wolves ran unchecked; a city that neither rebelled nor was overrun was a rarity among hundreds. Your Majesty was born to the age, received Heaven's mandate, and at first hid the virtue of a ruler while humbly serving as general and minister. Within a morning you cut down the rebels at home; within days you swept the great villains abroad. You turned a people ravaged by chaos into a realm at peace; spirits showed their approval and the masses sang your praise. Heaven and earth alike urged you on; omens piled up like sun and moon; only then did you set aside the reclusion of Ji and Ying and heed the plea of court and realm. Since assuming the throne you have spread the Way and set teaching in place, molding the people in harmony with yin and yang and nurturing them with the breadth of Heaven and Earth. At the dawn of a new creation, when the world first brightened, sight and hearing were transformed and customs began to change. Yet the imperial residence has not even been planned anew—hardly what one expects of a founding reign meant to renew the realm. Since Han it has been a land of ruin, and for generations the recent dynasties have merely reused it as their capital. Never once have you divined with tortoise and milfoil or read the stars to fix the sacred tripod—how can that satisfy a sage ruler's design or display Great Sui's virtue? Surely in this vast realm, among its many blessed places, Heaven intends another site where the dynasty may raise its temples and palaces. I beg Your Majesty to heed Heaven and the people, decide by divination, move the capital in good time, and let your glory dwell in the heart of the realm. May the people come willingly, your rule endure without end, your palace answer the pole star, harmony flow through the land, order flourish and goods abound, and your reign prosper for ages. I am old, my sunset near, yet I hold the highest rank; in governing the state I know myself wanting. What loyalty demands cannot be left unsaid.
6
上素嫌臺城制度迮小,又宮内多鬼妖,蘇威嘗勸遷,上不納。 遇太史奏狀,意乃惑之。 至是,省穆表,上曰:「天道聰明,已有徴應,太師民望,復抗此請,則可矣。」 遂從之。 歳餘,下詔曰:「禮制凡品,不拘上智,法備小人,不防君子。 太師、上柱國、申國公,器宇弘深,風猷遐曠,社稷佐命,公爲稱首,位極帥臣,才爲人傑,萬頃不測,百煉彌精。 乃無伯玉之非,豈有顏回之貳,故以自居寥廓,弗關憲網。 然王者作教,惟旌善人,去法弘道,示崇年德。 自今已後,雖有愆罪,但非謀逆,縱有百死,終不推問。」
The emperor had long found the palace quarter cramped and believed the inner palace haunted; Su Wei had urged a move before, but the emperor had refused. The astrologer's report now unsettled him. Reading Mu's memorial, he said, "Heaven has already shown its sign, and the Grand Preceptor, the people's pillar, presses this request again—it shall be done." He agreed. More than a year later an edict declared, "Rites bind common men, not the wisest; laws restrain petty offenders, not true gentlemen. The Grand Preceptor, Supreme Pillar of the State, and Duke of Shen possesses vast bearing and far-reaching vision; among the founders of the dynasty he stands first, among commanders at the summit, among men a paragon—deep as the sea, tempered a hundred times. He has none of Bo Yu's failings nor Yan Hui's disloyalty, and therefore stands above the ordinary reach of the law. Yet a king's teaching honors the good; to set law aside and exalt the Way is to honor age and virtue. Henceforth, whatever his faults, unless they involve treason, even crimes warranting a hundred deaths shall never be prosecuted."
7
薨於第,年七十七。 遺令曰:「吾荷國恩,年宦已極,啓足歸泉,無所複恨。 竟不得陪玉鑾於岱宗,預金泥於梁甫,眷眷光景,其在斯乎!」 詔遣黃門侍郎監護喪事,賵馬四匹,粟麥二千斛,布絹一千匹。 贈使持節、冀定趙相瀛毛魏衞洛懷十州諸軍事、冀州刺史。 諡曰明。 賜以石槨、前後部羽葆鼓吹、轀輬車。 百僚送之郭外。 詔遣太常卿牛弘齎哀冊,祭乙太牢。 孫筠嗣。 穆長子惇惇子筠筠父惇,字士獻,穆長子也。 仕周,官至安樂郡公、鳳州刺史,先穆卒。 筠幼以穆功,拜儀同。 ,以嫡孫襲爵。 仁壽初,叔父渾忿其吝嗇,陰遣兄子善衡賊殺之。 求盜不獲,髙祖大怒,盡禁其親族。 初,筠與從父弟瞿曇有隙,時渾有力,遂證瞿曇殺之。 瞿曇竟坐斬,而善衡獲免。 四年,議立嗣。 邳公蘇威奏筠不義,骨血相殺,請絶其封。 上不許。 惇弟怡惇弟怡,官至儀同,早卒,贈渭州刺史。 怡弟雅怡弟雅,少有識量。 周保定中,屢以軍功封西安縣男,拜大都督。 天和中,從元定征江西,時諸軍失利,遂沒於陳。 後得歸國,拜開府儀同三司,領左右軍。 其年,從太子西征吐谷渾,雅率歩騎二千,督軍糧於洮河,爲賊所躡,相持數日。 雅患之,遂與偽和,虜備稍解,縱奇兵撃破之。 賜奴婢百口,封一子爲侯。 後拜齊州刺史,俄征還京。 數載,授瀛州刺史。 髙祖作相,鎭靈州以備胡。 還授大將軍,遷荊州總管,加邑八百戸。 開皇初,進爵爲公。 雅弟恆雅弟恆,官至鹽州刺史,封陽曲侯。 恆弟榮恆弟榮,官至合州刺史、長城縣公。 榮弟直榮弟直,官至車騎將軍、歸政縣侯。 直弟雄直弟雄,官至柱國、密國公、驃騎將軍。 雄弟渾雄弟渾,最知名。 渾字金才,穆第十子也。 姿貌瑰偉,美須髯。 起家周左侍上士。 尉迥反於鄴,時穆在并州,髙祖慮其爲迥所誘,遣渾乘驛往布腹心。 穆遽令渾入京,奉熨斗於髙祖,曰:「願執威柄以熨安天下也。」 髙祖大悅。 又遣渾詣韋孝寬所而述穆意焉。 適遇平鄴,以功授上儀同三司,封安武郡公。 開皇初,進授象城府驃騎將軍。 晉王廣出籓,渾以驃騎領親信,從往揚州。 ,從左僕射楊素爲行軍總管,出夏州北三百里,破突厥阿勿俟斤於納遠川,斬首五百級。 進位大將軍,拜左武衞將軍,領太子宗衞率。
He died at home at the age of seventy-seven. His final instructions read, "I have received the state's grace and risen as high as a man may; with feet shrouded I go down to the springs and have no further regret. Only that I could not follow the imperial carriage to Mount Tai nor take part in the feng and shan rites at Liangfu—how I still yearn for that glory!" The emperor sent a Yellow Gate Attendant to oversee the funeral and granted four horses, two thousand hu of grain, and a thousand bolts of cloth and silk as condolence gifts. He was posthumously appointed bearer of the staff with command over the ten provinces Ji, Ding, Zhao, Xiang, Ying, Mao, Wei, Wey, Luo, and Huai, and as governor of Jizhou. His posthumous name was Ming. The court granted a stone sarcophagus, imperial funeral music, and a enclosed funeral carriage. The officials escorted the coffin beyond the city wall. The emperor sent Minister of Rites Niu Hong with the lamentation text, and on the second day of mourning offered the great sacrifice. His grandson Yun succeeded him. Mu's eldest son was Dun; Dun's son was Yun. Dun, styled Shixian, was Mu's eldest son. He served the Zhou, rose to Duke of Anle and governor of Fengzhou, and died before his father. While still a child, Yun was granted rank equal to the Three Excellencies on account of Mu's merit. As Mu's legitimate grandson he inherited the family title. Early in the Renshou era his uncle Hun, resenting Yun's stinginess, secretly sent his nephew Shanheng to murder him. When the killers could not be found, Emperor Wen flew into a rage and had the entire clan placed under detention. Yun had long been at odds with his cousin Qutan; Hun, who then held real power, testified that Qutan was the murderer. Qutan was executed, while Shanheng went free. In the fourth year the court debated who should inherit the title. Su Wei, Duke of Pi, argued that Yun's line was tainted by kin-slaying and asked that the fief be extinguished. The emperor refused. Dun's younger brother Yi rose to rank equal to the Three Excellencies, died young, and was posthumously named governor of Weizhou. Yi's younger brother Ya showed unusual judgment even in youth. During the Baoding era he won repeated battlefield honors, was created Baron of Xi'an, and appointed grand commander. During Tianhe he followed Yuan Ding's campaign in Jiangxi; when the armies were defeated he was captured by Chen. After returning home he was made commissioner equal to the Three Excellencies and placed in command of the Left and Right Armies. That same year he joined the crown prince's western campaign against Tuyuhun, leading two thousand infantry and cavalry to oversee grain transport on the Tao River. Enemy forces shadowed him and the two sides remained locked for days. Ya, worried by the stalemate, feigned a truce; as the enemy relaxed their guard he sent a surprise force and routed them. He received a hundred servants and one son was enfeoffed as marquis. He was later made governor of Qizhou and soon recalled to the capital. Several years on he was appointed governor of Yingzhou. While Yang Jian was still regent, Ya garrisoned Lingzhou against the northern tribes. Recalled to court, he was made Grand General and area commander of Jingzhou, with eight hundred added households in his fief. Early in Kaihuang he was promoted to duke. Ya's younger brother Heng became governor of Yanzhou and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Yangqu. Heng's younger brother Rong rose to governor of Hezhou and Duke of Changcheng. Rong's younger brother Zhi became General of the Chariots and Cavalry and Marquis of Guizheng. Zhi's younger brother Xiong rose to Pillar of the State, Duke of Mi, and General of the Agile Cavalry. Xiong's younger brother Hun was the most famous of them all. Hun, styled Jincai, was Mu's tenth son. He was imposing in stature, with a handsome beard. He entered service under Zhou as a Left Attendant Senior Gentleman. When Yuchi Jiong rebelled at Ye, Mu was at Bingzhou; fearing Jiong might win him over, Yang Jian sent Hun posthaste to speak plainly with him. Mu at once sent Hun to the capital with an iron presented to Yang Jian, saying, "May you take authority in hand and press the realm smooth." Yang Jian was delighted. He also sent Hun to Wei Xiaokuan's headquarters to convey Mu's intent. When Ye fell he was rewarded with senior rank equal to the Three Excellencies and created Duke of Anwu. Early in Kaihuang he was promoted to General of the Agile Cavalry at Xiangfu Garrison. When Prince Guang of Jin left for his fiefdom, Hun accompanied him to Yangzhou as commander of agile cavalry and head of his trusted guard. Serving under Left Vice Minister Yang Su as campaign commander, he marched three hundred li north of Xiazhou, defeated the Türk leader Abugujin on the Nayuan River, and took five hundred heads. He was promoted to Grand General, made General of the Left Martial Guard, and placed in command of the crown prince's imperial clan guard.
8
初,穆孫筠卒,髙祖議立嗣,渾規欲紹之,謂其妻兄太子左衞率宇文述曰:「若得襲封,當以國賦之半毎歳奉公。」 述利之,因入白皇太子曰:「立嗣以長,不則以賢。 今申明公嗣絶,遍觀其子孫,皆無賴,不足以當榮寵。 唯金才有勳於國,謂非此人無可以襲封者。」 太子許之,竟奏髙祖,封渾爲申國公,以奉穆嗣。 大業初,轉右驍衞將軍。 六年,有詔追改穆封爲郕國公,渾仍襲焉。 累加光祿大夫。 九年,遷右驍衞大將軍。
When Mu's grandson Yun died and the court debated the succession, Hun schemed to inherit the title. He told his brother-in-law Yuwen Shu, commander of the crown prince's Left Guard, "If I gain the succession I will give you half the fief's annual revenue every year." Shu saw his profit and told the crown prince, "An heir should be the eldest son, or if not, the most worthy. Duke Shen's line is now extinct, and none of his descendants are fit to bear such honor. Only Jincai has served the state with distinction; no one else should inherit the title." The crown prince agreed, and the memorial eventually reached the emperor: Hun was created Duke of Shen to continue Mu's sacrifices. Early in the Daye era he was transferred to General of the Right Valiant Guard. In the sixth year an edict retroactively changed Mu's title to Duke of Bi, which Hun continued to hold. He was repeatedly promoted to Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. In the ninth year he became Grand General of the Right Valiant Guard.
9
渾旣紹父業,日增豪侈,後房曳羅綺者以百數。 二歳之後,不以俸物與述。 述大恚之,因醉,乃謂其友人於象賢曰:「我竟爲金才所賣,死且不忘!」 渾亦知其言,由是結隙。 後帝討遼東,有方士安伽陀,自言曉圖讖,謂帝曰:「當有李氏應爲天子。」 勸盡誅海内凡姓李者。 述知之,因誣構渾於帝曰:「伽陀之言信有徴矣。 臣與金才夙親,聞其情趣大異。 常日數共李敏、善衡等,日夜屛語,或終夕不寐。 渾大臣也,家代隆盛,身捉禁兵,不宜如此。 願陛下察之。」 帝曰:「公言是矣,可覓其事。」 述乃遣武賁郎將裴仁基表告渾反,卽日發宿衞千余人付述,掩渾等家,遣左丞元文都、御史大夫裴蘊雜治之。 案問數曰,不得其反狀,以實奏聞。 帝不納,更遣述窮治之。 述入獄中,召出敏妻宇文氏謂之曰:「夫人,帝甥也,何患無賢夫! 李敏、金才,名當妖讖,國家殺之,無可救也。 夫人當自求全,若相用語,身當不坐。」 敏妻曰:「不知所出,惟尊長教之。」 述曰:「可言李家謀反,金才嘗告敏雲:'汝應圖籙,當爲天子。 今主上好兵,勞擾百姓,此亦天亡隋時也,正當共汝取之。 若複渡遼,吾與汝必爲大將,毎軍二萬餘兵,固以五萬人矣。 又發諸房子侄,内外親婭,並募從征。 吾家子弟,決爲主帥,分領兵馬,散在諸軍,伺候間隙,首尾相應。 吾與汝前發,襲取禦營,子弟響起,各殺軍將。 一日之間,天下足定矣。」 述口自傳授,令敏妻寫表,封雲上密。 述持入奏之,曰:「已得金才反狀,並有敏妻密表。」 帝覽之泣曰:「吾宗社幾傾,賴親家公而獲全耳。」 於是誅渾、敏等宗族三十二人,自餘無少長,皆徙嶺外。 渾從父兄威渾從父兄威,開皇初,以平蠻功,官至上柱國、黎國公。 穆兄子詢詢字孝詢。 父賢,周大將軍。 詢沉深有大略,頗渉書記。 仕周納言上士,俄轉内史上士,兼掌吏部,以幹濟聞。 ,武帝幸雲陽宮,拜司衞上士,委以留府事。 周衞王直作亂,焚肅章門,詢於内益火,故賊不得入。 帝聞而善之,拜儀同三司,遷長安令。 累遷英果中大夫。 屢以軍功,加位大將軍,賜爵平髙郡公。
After inheriting the family fortune, Hun grew more extravagant by the day; his inner quarters held hundreds of women draped in silk. Within two years he stopped paying Shu his promised share. Shu was furious; drunk one day he told his friend Yu Xiangxian, "Jincai cheated me—I will remember this to my grave!" Hun heard of it, and from then on they were enemies. Later, during the Liaodong campaign, the Daoist An Jiatuo claimed knowledge of prophecies and told the emperor, "A man of the Li clan is destined to become Son of Heaven." He urged that every Li in the empire be killed. Shu seized on this and denounced Hun to the emperor: "Jiatuo's prophecy already has proof. I have long known Jincai, and his conduct of late is deeply strange. He meets constantly with Li Min, Shanheng, and others, whispering behind screens day and night, sometimes without sleep till dawn. Hun is a great minister of an eminent house who commands the palace guard—such behavior is unfitting. I beg Your Majesty to investigate." The emperor said, "You are right. Find proof." Shu sent Guard General Pei Renji to accuse Hun of treason, and that same day gave him more than a thousand palace guards to raid Hun's household. Assistant Minister Yuan Wendu and Censor-in-Chief Pei Yun were ordered to investigate jointly. After days of interrogation they found no proof of rebellion and reported as much. The emperor rejected their finding and sent Shu to press the case further. Shu entered the prison, summoned Min's wife, Lady Yuwen, and said, "Madam, you are the emperor's niece—why lack for a worthy husband? Li Min and Jincai fit the omen—the state will kill them, and nothing can save them. Save yourself: if you speak as I tell you, you will not be punished." Min's wife said, "I do not know what to do—only tell me, my lord." Shu said, "Say the Li family plotted treason. Tell them Jincai once said to Min, 'You are marked in the prophecies—you should be Son of Heaven. The emperor loves war and harries the people—Heaven is ending Sui, and we should seize it together. If we cross to Liaodong again, you and I will command armies of twenty thousand each—fifty thousand men in all. The princes' sons and nephews, our kin by marriage inside and out, will all be drafted for the campaign. Our kinsmen will command separate forces scattered through the armies, watching for the moment to strike in concert. You and I will move first, seize the imperial camp, and our kin will rise and kill the generals. In a single day the realm will be ours." Shu dictated every word and had Min's wife write the memorial, seal it, and submit it in secret. Shu presented it to the throne, saying, "I have proof of Jincai's treason, together with Min's wife's secret memorial." The emperor wept as he read it and said, "The dynasty nearly fell—it was saved only by my father-in-law." Thirty-two members of Hun's and Min's clans were executed, and all the rest, young and old alike, were exiled beyond the Ling ranges. Hun's paternal cousin Wei, who early in Kaihuang won honors pacifying the southern tribes, rose to Supreme Pillar of the State and Duke of Li. Mu's nephew Xun, whose style name was Xiaoxun. His father Xian had been a Zhou Grand General. Xun was reserved and far-sighted, with considerable skill in written administration. Under Zhou he served as Senior Gentleman of the Chancellery, soon moved to the Palace Secretariat while also overseeing the Ministry of Personnel, and won a reputation for efficiency. When Emperor Wu visited Yunyang Palace, Xun was appointed Senior Gentleman of the Palace Guards and entrusted with affairs left behind at the capital. When Prince Zhi of Wei rebelled and burned the Sushang Gate, Xun set additional fires inside so the rebels could not break in. The emperor praised him, granted rank equal to the Three Excellencies, and made him magistrate of Chang'an. He rose through several posts to Valiant Fruit Grand Master of the Palace. Repeated battlefield honors brought him to Grand General and Duke of Pinggao.
10
髙祖爲丞相,尉迥作亂,遣韋孝寬撃之,以詢爲元帥長史,委以心膂。 軍至永橋,諸將不一,詢密啓髙祖,請重臣監護。 髙祖遂令髙熲監軍,與熲同心協力,唯詢而已。 及平尉迥,進位上柱國,改封隴西郡公,賜帛千匹,加以口馬。
When Yang Jian was chancellor and Yuchi Jiong rebelled, he sent Wei Xiaokuan against him and made Xun the commander's chief clerk, entrusting him as his closest adviser. At Yongqiao the generals quarreled; Xun secretly memorialized Yang Jian asking that a senior minister be sent to supervise the army. Yang Jian sent Gao Jiong to supervise the campaign, and in the work of the war only Xun stood beside Jiong as his true partner. After Jiong's defeat he was promoted to Supreme Pillar of the State, created Duke of Longxi, and granted a thousand bolts of silk together with servants and horses.
11
,引杜陽水灌三趾原,詢督其役,民賴其利。 尋檢校襄州總管事。 歳餘,拜顯州總管。 數年,以疾征還京師,中使顧問不絶。 卒於家,時年四十九,上悼惜者久之。 諡曰襄。 有子元方嗣。 詢弟崇崇字永隆,英果有籌算,膽力過人。 周元年,以父賢勳,封乃樂縣侯。 時年尚小,拜爵之日,親族相賀,崇獨泣下。 賢怪而問之,對曰:「無勳於國,而幼少封侯,當報主恩,不得終於孝養,是以悲耳。」 賢由此大奇之。 起家州主簿,非其所好,辭不就官,求爲將兵都督。 隨宇文護伐齊,以功最,擢授儀同三司。 尋除小司金大夫,治軍器監。 建德初,遷少侍伯大夫,轉少承禦大夫,攝太子宮正。 周武帝平齊,引參謀議,以幼加授開府,封襄陽縣公,邑一千戸。 尋改封廣宗縣公,轉太府中大夫,暦工部中大夫,遷右司馭。 髙祖爲丞相,遷左司武上大夫,加授上開府儀同大將軍。 尋爲懷州刺史,進爵郡公,加邑至二千戸。 尉迥反,遣使招之。 崇初欲相應,後知叔父穆以并州附髙祖,慨然太息曰:「闔家富貴者數十人,値國有難,竟不能扶傾繼絶,複何面目處天地間乎!」 韋孝寬亦疑之,與倶臥起。 其兄詢時爲元帥長史,毎諷諭之,崇由是亦歸心焉。 及破尉惇,拜大將軍。 旣平尉迥,授徐州總管,尋進位上柱國。
He directed the Duyang River to irrigate Sanzhi Plain, supervised the work himself, and the people profited from it. He was soon appointed acting area commander of Xiangzhou. A year later he became area commander of Xianzhou. Several years on, illness brought him back to the capital, and palace envoys visited him continually. He died at home at forty-nine, and the emperor mourned him for a long while. His posthumous name was Xiang. His son Yuanfang succeeded him. Xun's younger brother Chong, styled Yonglong, was bold and resourceful, with courage and strength beyond ordinary men. In the first year of Northern Zhou, on the strength of his father Xian's service, he was created Marquis of Naile county. He was still very young, and on the day the title was conferred his relatives all congratulated one another—Chong alone burst into tears. Xian was puzzled and asked why. Chong answered, "I have done nothing for the state, yet I am made a marquis while still a boy. I should repay my sovereign's kindness, but that means I can never see my filial duties through to the end—and that is why I weep." From that moment Xian regarded him with deep wonder. His first appointment was as a prefectural chief clerk, but the desk work did not suit him. He refused the post and asked instead for a military command. He followed Yuwen Hu against Qi and, for outstanding service, was promoted to the rank of Equal to the Three Excellencies. Shortly afterward he was appointed Junior Grand Master of the Directorate of Metals and put in charge of the armory. Early in the Jiande era he was moved to Junior Attendant Baron, then to Junior Bearer of the Imperial Carriage, and served concurrently as director of the crown prince's household. After Emperor Wu of Zhou conquered Qi, Chong was called into council on military planning. Though still young, he was granted an independent staff, created Duke of Xiangyang, and given a fief of one thousand households. His title was soon changed to Duke of Guangzong. He served as Grand Master of the Grand Treasury, then of the Ministry of Works, and was appointed Right Director of the Imperial Stud. When Yang Jian became chancellor, Chong was made Left Director of Military Affairs and additionally granted supreme open-office rank as General Equal in Honor to a Grand General. He was soon appointed governor of Huaizhou, promoted to commandery duke, and his fief was raised to two thousand households. When Wei Jiong rose in rebellion, he sent envoys to win Chong over. At first Chong meant to join Jiong, but when he learned that his uncle Mu had pledged Bingzhou to Yang Jian, he sighed and said, "Our clan holds rank and riches by the dozen, yet when the realm is in peril we cannot shore up what is falling or carry on what is broken—what right have we to walk under heaven?" Wei Xiaokuan still distrusted him and never let him out of sight, sleeping and waking at his side. His elder brother Xun, then chief secretary to the field commander, urged him daily, and Chong at last gave his full loyalty to Yang Jian. After the defeat of Wei Dun, he was appointed Grand General. When Jiong's rebellion was crushed, Chong became area commander of Xuzhou and was soon promoted to Supreme Pillar of the State.
12
,除幽州總管。 突闕犯塞,崇輒破之。 奚、霫、契丹等懾其威略,爭來内附。 其後突厥大爲寇掠,崇率歩騎三千拒之,轉戰十余日,師人多死,遂保於砂城。 突厥圍之。 城本荒廢,不可守禦,曉夕力戰,又無所食,毎夜出掠賊營,複得六畜,以繼軍糧。 突厥畏之,厚爲其備,毎夜中結陣以待之。 崇軍苦饑,出輒遇敵,死亡略盡,遲明奔還城者,尚且百許人,然多傷重,不堪更戰。 突厥意欲降之,遣使謂崇曰:「若來降者,封爲特勤。」 崇知必不免,令其士卒曰:「崇喪師徒,罪當死,今日效命以謝國家。 待看吾死,且可降賊,方便散走,努力還鄕。 若見至尊,道崇此意。」 乃挺刃突賊,複殺二人。 賊亂射之,卒於陣,年四十八。 贈豫鄎申永澮亳六州諸軍事、豫州刺史,諡曰壯。 子敏嗣。 崇子敏敏字樹生。 髙祖以其父死王事,養宮中者久之。 及長,襲爵廣宗公,起家左千牛。 美姿儀,善騎射,歌舞管絃,無不通解。 開皇初,周宣帝后封樂平公主,有女娥英,妙擇婚對,敕貴公子弟集弘聖宮者,日以百數。 公主親在帷中,並令自序,並試技藝。 選不中者,輒引出之。 至敏而合意,竟爲姻媾。 敏假一品羽儀,禮如尚帝之女。 後將侍宴,公主謂敏曰:「我以四海與至尊,唯一女夫,當爲汝求柱國。 若授餘官,汝愼無謝。」 及進見上,上親禦琵琶,遣敏歌舞。 旣而大悅,謂公主曰:「李敏何官?」 對曰:「一白丁耳。」 上因謂敏曰:「今授汝儀同。」 敏不答。 上曰:「不滿爾意邪? 今授汝開府。」 敏又不謝。 上曰:「公主有大功於我,我何得向其女婿而惜官乎! 今授卿柱國。」 敏乃拜而蹈舞。 遂於坐發詔授柱國,以本官宿衞。 後避諱,改封經城縣公,邑一千戸。 暦蒲、豳、金、華、敷州刺史,多不蒞職,常留京師,往來宮内,侍從游宴,賞賜超於功臣。 後幸仁壽宮,以爲岐州刺史。
He was then appointed area commander of Youzhou. Whenever the Turks crossed the border, Chong drove them back. The Xi, Mohe, Khitan, and other peoples, awed by his reputation on the frontier, submitted one after another. Later the Turks launched a major invasion. Chong met them with three thousand foot and horse soldiers and fought for more than ten days until most of his men were dead, then withdrew into Sand Fort. The Turks surrounded the fort. The place was a ruin and nearly indefensible. They fought from dawn to dusk without food, and every night raided the Turkish camp for livestock to keep the army alive. The Turks grew wary of these raids and each night formed up in battle order to meet them. Chong's starving men met the enemy every time they sortied, until almost none were left. By dawn barely a hundred had straggled back to the fort, most too badly wounded to fight again. The Turks wanted his surrender and sent a messenger saying, "If you yield, you will be made a tegin." Knowing death was certain, Chong told his men, "I have lost my army and deserve to die. Today I will give my life for the realm. After you see me fall, you may surrender if you must, then scatter and make your way home as best you can. If any of you reach the emperor, tell him what I have said." Then he drew his sword, charged the enemy lines, and killed two more men. The enemy cut him down in a hail of arrows. He died on the field at forty-eight. The court posthumously appointed him overseer of military affairs for Yu, Xi, Shen, Yong, Bian, and Bo and governor of Yuzhou, with the posthumous name Zhuang, "Stalwart." His son Min succeeded him. Chong's son Min, whose style name was Shusheng. Because his father had died in imperial service, Yang Jian kept him in the palace for many years. When he came of age he inherited the title Duke of Guangzong and entered service as a Left Thousand-Bull guardsman. He was handsome in face and bearing, excelled at riding and archery, and mastered every art of song, dance, and music. Early in Kaihuang, the widow of Emperor Xuan of Zhou was created Princess Leping. She had a daughter, Eying, and set about choosing a husband with great care, summoning scores of noble youths each day to Hongsheng Palace. The princess watched from behind a curtain as each candidate introduced himself and displayed his talents. Anyone who failed to please her was dismissed at once. Min alone satisfied her, and in the end the marriage was made. Min was granted the guard insignia of the first rank, and the wedding ceremony matched that of an imperial princess. Before a banquet at court, the princess told Min, "I gave the empire to the emperor, and you are my only son-in-law. I mean to win you the rank of Pillar of the State. If he offers any lesser post, do not thank him." When Min was presented at court, the emperor himself took up the pipa and had Min sing and dance. Delighted, the emperor asked the princess, "What rank does Li Min hold?" She answered, "None at all—he is a commoner." The emperor then told Min, "I appoint you Equal to the Three Excellencies." Min made no response. The emperor said, "Is that not enough for you? Then I grant you an open office." Again Min did not bow his thanks. The emperor said, "Your princess-mother has done great service for me. Why should I begrudge her son-in-law a title? I now create you Pillar of the State." Only then did Min bow and perform the court dance of gratitude. On the spot the emperor issued an edict creating him Pillar of the State, and Min continued on palace guard duty in his existing post. Later, to avoid a tabooed character, his title was changed to Duke of Jingcheng with a fief of one thousand households. He held nominal governorships of Pu, Bin, Jin, Hua, and Fu but rarely went to his posts, staying instead in the capital, moving freely within the palace, joining the emperor's feasts and outings, and receiving rewards greater than those of true merit. On a later visit to Renshou Palace, he was appointed governor of Qizhou.
13
大業初,轉衞尉卿。 樂平公主之將薨也,遺言於煬帝曰:「妾無子息,唯有一女。 不自憂死,但深憐之。 今湯沐邑,乞回與敏。」 帝從之。 竟食五千戸,攝屯衞將軍。 楊玄感反後城大興,敏之策也。 轉將作監,從征髙麗,領新城道軍將,加光祿大夫。 十年,帝複征遼東,遣敏於黎陽督運。 時或言敏一名洪兒,帝疑「洪」字當讖,嘗面告之,冀其引決。 敏由是大懼,數與金才、善衡等屛人私語。 宇文述知而奏之,竟與渾同誅,年三十九。 其妻宇文氏,後數月亦賜鴆而終。 梁睿梁睿,字恃德,安定烏氏人也。 父禦,西魏太尉。 睿少沉敏,有行檢。 周太祖時,以功臣子養宮中者數年。 其後命諸子與睿遊處,同師共業,情契甚歡。 七歳,襲爵廣平郡公,累加儀同三司,邑五百戸。 尋爲本州大中正。 魏恭帝時加開府,改封爲五龍郡公,拜渭州刺史。 周閔帝受禪,征爲禦伯。 未幾,出爲中州刺史,鎭新安,以備齊。 齊人來寇,睿輒挫之,帝甚嘉歎。 拜大將軍,進爵蔣國公,入爲司會。 後從齊王憲拒齊將斛律明月於洛陽,毎戰有功,遷小塚宰。 武帝時,暦敷州刺史、涼安二州總管,倶有惠政,進位柱國。
Early in the Daye era he was made Minister of the Guard. When Princess Leping lay dying, she told Emperor Yang, "I have no sons, only one daughter. I do not fear death for myself, but I grieve for her. Please transfer my fief income to Min." The emperor granted her wish. Min ended up drawing income from five thousand households and served as acting General of the Garrison Guard. After Yang Xuangan's revolt, the plan to build the new capital at Daxing was Min's. He became Director of Palace Construction, joined the campaign against Goguryeo as commander of the Xincheng route army, and was given the additional title of Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. In the tenth year of Daye the emperor launched another Liaodong campaign and sent Min to Liyang to oversee supply transport. Word spread that Min also went by the name Hong'er, and the emperor feared the character hong fulfilled a prophecy. He told Min as much to his face, hoping he would take his own life. Terrified, Min began meeting secretly with Jincai, Shanheng, and others, dismissing attendants to talk in private. Yuwen Shu learned of these meetings and reported them. In the end Min was executed together with the Hun clan at the age of thirty-nine. Several months later his wife, a Yuwen, was also given poison wine and died. Liang Rui, whose style name was Shide, came from Wushi in Anding commandery. His father Yu had served Western Wei as Grand Commandant. From youth Rui was thoughtful and quick-minded, with a reputation for upright conduct. Under the Zhou founder he was raised in the palace for several years as the son of a founding minister. The founder then had his own sons live and study with Rui under the same teachers, and they became close friends. At seven he inherited the title Duke of Guangping and was given the rank of Equal to the Three Excellencies with a fief of five hundred households. He was soon appointed chief rectifier of his home prefecture. Under Emperor Gong of Wei he was granted an open office, created Duke of Wulong, and appointed governor of Weizhou. When Emperor Min of Zhou took the throne, Rui was recalled to serve as Imperial Bearer. Before long he was sent out as governor of Zhongzhou, garrisoning Xin'an against Qi. When Qi raiders attacked, Rui beat them back, and the emperor praised him warmly. He was made Grand General, promoted to Duke of Jiang, and recalled to the capital as Director of Accounts. Later he followed Prince Xian of Qi against the Qi general Hulu Mingyue at Luoyang, distinguishing himself in every engagement, and was appointed Junior Minister of Works. Under Emperor Wu he served as governor of Fu and as area commander of Liang and An, earning a reputation for good government in both posts, and was promoted to Pillar of the State.
14
髙祖總百揆,代王謙爲益州總管。 行至漢川而謙反,遣兵攻始州,睿不得進。 髙祖命睿爲行軍元帥,率行軍總管於義、張威、達奚長儒、梁升、石孝義歩騎二十萬討之。 時謙遣開府李三王等守通穀,睿使張威撃破之,擒數千人,進至龍門。 謙將趙儼、秦會擁衆十萬,據嶮爲營,周亙三十裡。 睿令將士銜枚出自間道,四面奮撃,力戰破之。 蜀人大駭,睿鼓行而進。 謙將敬豪守劍閣,梁岩拒平林,並懼而來降。 謙又令髙阿那肱、達奚惎等以盛兵攻利州。 聞睿將至,惎分兵據開遠。 睿顧謂將士曰:「此虜據要,欲遏吾兵勢,吾當出其不意,破之必矣。」 遣上開府拓拔宗趣劍閣,大將軍宇文夐詣巴西,大將軍趙達水軍入嘉陵。 睿遣張威、王倫、賀若震、於義、韓相貴、阿那惠等分道攻惎,自午及申,破之。 惎奔歸於謙。 睿進逼成都,謙令達奚惎、乙弗虔城守,親率精兵五萬,背城結陣。 睿撃之,謙不利,將入城,惎、虔以城降,拒謙不内。 謙將麾下三十騎遁走,新都令王寶執之。 睿斬謙於市,劍南悉平。 進位上柱國,總管如故。 賜物五千段,奴婢一千口,金二千兩,銀三千兩,食邑千戸。
When Yang Jian assumed control of the government, Rui replaced Wang Qian as area commander of Yizhou. Rui had reached Hanchuan when Wang Qian rebelled, sent forces against Shizhou, and blocked his advance. Yang Jian appointed Rui campaign commander-in-chief and sent him with two hundred thousand foot and horse soldiers under the generals Yu Yi, Zhang Wei, Daxi Changru, Liang Sheng, and Shi Xiaoyi to crush the rebellion. Qian had sent Li Sanwang and other officers to hold Tonggu Pass. Rui ordered Zhang Wei to break them, took several thousand prisoners, and pushed on to Longmen. Qian's generals Zhao Yan and Qin Hui massed a hundred thousand men in fortified camps along the defiles, stretching some thirty li. Rui sent his men along hidden paths with gag-sticks in their mouths, then struck from all sides at once and broke the enemy line. The Shu forces panicked, and Rui marched forward to the beat of drums. Qian's officers Jing Hao at Jian'ge and Liang Yan at Pinglin both surrendered in fear. Qian then sent Gao Anagong, Daxi Ji, and others with a large force against Lizhou. When Ji learned that Rui was approaching, he split his force and seized Kaiyuan. Rui told his officers, "The enemy holds the key ground and means to block our advance. If we take them by surprise, we are sure to break them." He sent Tuoba Zong toward Jian'ge, Yuwen Xiong toward Baxi, and Zhao Da with a river fleet up the Jialing. Rui sent Zhang Wei, Wang Lun, He Ruo Zhen, Yu Yi, Han Xianggui, Anahui, and others against Ji by separate routes and broke his force between noon and dusk. Ji fled back to Wang Qian. Rui pressed on toward Chengdu. Wang Qian ordered Daxi Ji and Yifu Qian to hold the city while he personally led fifty thousand elite troops and drew up his battle line with the walls at his back. Rui attacked him. Wang Qian was driven back and was about to enter the city, but Ji and Qian surrendered the city and shut the gates against him. Wang Qian escaped with thirty horsemen from his personal guard, but Wang Bao, the magistrate of Xindu, captured him. Rui executed Wang Qian in the marketplace, and all of Jiannan was pacified. Rui was promoted to Supreme Pillar of State, and his command as area commander was unchanged. He received five thousand bolts of goods, a thousand slaves and servants, two thousand taels of gold, three thousand taels of silver, and a fief of one thousand households.
15
睿時威振西川,夷、獠歸附,唯南寧酋帥爨震恃遠不賓。 睿上疎曰:「竊以遠撫長駕,王者令圖,易俗移風,有國恆典。 南寧州,漢世䍧柯之地,近代已來,分置興古、雲南、建寧、硃提四郡。 戸口殷衆,金寶富饒,二河有駿馬、明珠,益寧出鹽井、犀角。 晉太始七年,以益州曠遠,分置寧州。 至偽梁南寧州刺史徐文盛,被湘東征赴荊州,屬東夏尚阻,未遑遠略。 土民爨瓚遂竊據一方,國家遙授刺史。 其子震,相承至今。 而震臣禮多虧,貢賦不入,毎年奉獻,不過數十匹馬。 其處去益,路止一千,硃提北境,卽興戎州接界。 如聞彼人苦其苛政,思被皇風。 伏惟大丞相匡贊聖朝,甯濟區宇,絶後光前,方垂萬代,辟土服遠,今正其時。 幸因平蜀士衆,不煩重興師旅,押獠旣訖,卽請略定南寧。 自盧、戎已來,軍糧須給,過此卽於蠻夷徴稅,以供兵馬。 其寧州、硃提、雲南、西爨,並置總管州鎭。 計彼熟蠻租調,足供城防食儲。 一則以肅蠻夷,二則裨益軍國。 今謹件南寧州郡縣及事意如別。 有大都督杜神敬,昔曾使彼,具所諳練,今並送往。」 書未答,又請曰:「竊以柔遠能邇,著自前經,拓土開疆,王者所務。 南寧州,漢代䍧柯之郡,其地沃壤,多是漢人,旣饒寶物,又出名馬。 今若往取,仍置州郡,一則遠振威名,二則有益軍國。 其處與交、廣相接,路乃非遙。 漢代開此,本爲討越之計。 伐陳之日,複是一機,以此商量,決謂須取。」 髙祖深納之,然以天下初定,恐民心不安,故未之許。 後竟遣史萬歳討平之,並因睿之策也。
By then Rui's prestige dominated western Sichuan; the Yi and Liao peoples submitted, but Cuan Zhen, chieftain of Nanning, alone relied on his remoteness and refused allegiance. Rui submitted a memorial that read: "I hold that to win over distant peoples and hold them under long rule is the true design of a sage king, and to transform customs and shift the tenor of society is the constant duty of any state. Nanning Prefecture was Zangke territory in Han times. In recent generations it has been divided into the four commanderies of Xinggu, Yunnan, Jianning, and Zhuti. Its population is dense, its gold and treasure abundant. The Two Rivers region yields fine horses and luminous pearls; Yining produces salt wells and rhinoceros horn. In the seventh year of the Jin Taishi era, because Yizhou was vast and remote, Ning Prefecture was established separately. This continued until Xu Wensheng, inspector of Nanning under the puppet Liang, was summoned by Xiangdong to march on Jingzhou; the eastern lands were still unsettled, and the court had no leisure for distant campaigns. The local leader Cuan Zan then seized the region for himself, and the court confirmed him as inspector from afar. His son Zhen has held power in succession down to the present day. Yet Zhen falls far short in the observance of vassal propriety: tribute and taxes never reach the court, and his yearly offerings amount to no more than a few dozen horses. The place lies only a thousand li from Yizhou. The northern border of Zhuti directly adjoins Rong Prefecture in Xing Province. I hear that the people there suffer under harsh rule and long to come under the emperor's benevolent sway. I consider that the Grand Chancellor supports the sagely court, brings peace to the realm, outshines those who came before and sets a light for generations to come — to open new lands and bring distant peoples to submission is precisely the task of this moment. Fortunately, with the army that has just pacified Shu, there is no need to raise new forces. Once the Liao peoples have been brought under control, I ask to move swiftly to settle Nanning. From Lu and Rong onward, army provisions would need to be supplied; beyond that, taxes could be levied on the tribal peoples to sustain the troops and horses. At Ning Prefecture, Zhuti, Yunnan, and Western Cuan alike, area-commander posts and garrison towns should be established. The taxes and levies drawn from the settled tribes there should suffice for garrison defense and grain stores. This would both impose order on the tribal peoples and strengthen the army and the state. I now respectfully submit a separate document listing the prefectures and counties of Nanning and the details of the plan. There is also Grand Commander Du Shenjing, who once served as envoy there and knows the region thoroughly; I am sending him along with this memorial." Before any reply arrived, he submitted another request: "I hold that to treat distant peoples with kindness so as to win those nearby is a principle set down in the ancient classics, and that to extend territory and open frontiers is the business of a true king. Nanning Prefecture was the Han commandery of Zangke. Its soil is fertile, most of its people are Han, and it is rich both in treasure and in famed horses. If we take it now and restore prefectures and commanderies there, our prestige will resound in distant lands and the army and state will both gain. The region connects with Jiao and Guang, and the route is not far. When the Han first opened this region, it was intended as a base for campaigns against the Yue. The campaign against Chen presents another opportunity; weighing the matter, I am convinced Nanning must be taken." Yang Jian was deeply persuaded, but because the realm had only just been settled, he feared unsettling the people and did not grant permission. Later he did send Shi Wansui to suppress and pacify the region, following Rui's plan.
16
睿威惠兼著,民夷悅服,聲望逾重,髙祖陰憚之。 薛道衡從軍在蜀,因入接宴,説睿曰:「天下之望,已歸於隋。」 密令勸進,髙祖大悅。 及受禪,顧待彌隆。 睿複上平陳之策,上善之,下詔曰:「公英風震動,妙算縱橫,淸蕩江南,宛然可見。 迴圈三複,但以欣然。 公旣上才,若管戎律,一舉大定,固在不疑。 但朕初臨天下,政道未洽,恐先窮武事,未爲盡善。 昔公孫述、隗囂,漢之賊也,光武與其通和,稱爲皇帝。 尉佗之於髙祖,初猶不臣。 孫晧之答晉文,書尚雲白。 或尋款服,或卽滅亡。 王者體大,義存遵養,雖陳國來朝,未盡籓節,如公大略,誠須責罪,尚欲且緩其誅,宜知此意。 淮海未滅,必興師旅,若命永襲,終當相屈。 想以身許國,無足致辭也。」 睿乃止焉。
Rui's authority and kindness were both in full view; commoners and tribes alike submitted gladly, and his reputation grew ever weightier — Yang Jian secretly came to fear him. Xue Daheng, who had accompanied the army in Shu, came to a welcoming banquet and said to Rui: "The hope of the empire has already turned to Sui." Rui secretly had him urge Yang Jian to take the throne, and Yang Jian was greatly pleased. When Yang Jian accepted the abdication, his regard and favor toward Rui grew ever greater. Rui again submitted a plan for conquering Chen. The emperor approved it and issued an edict: "Your noble spirit stirs all hearts, your ingenious designs range far and wide — the pacification of the Jiangnan is clearly within reach. I have read it again and again with pleasure. With your supreme talent, if you were placed in command of the armies, a single campaign would bring total victory — of that there is no doubt. But I have only just assumed the throne, and government is not yet fully settled. I fear that to exhaust ourselves in war first would not be the best course. In the past Gongsun Shu and Wei Xiao were enemies of Han, yet Emperor Guangwu treated with them and addressed them as emperors. Zhao Tuo at first refused to submit to Emperor Gaozu of Han. When Sun Hao replied to Emperor Wen of Jin, his letter still used plain white paper. Some soon submitted in good faith; others were swiftly destroyed. A true king's stature is great, and the principle is to nurture rather than destroy. Though Chen has sent envoys to court, it has not yet fulfilled every obligation of a vassal state. By your plan, punishment would indeed be warranted — yet I still wish to delay action for the present. You should understand my meaning. When the Huai-Hai region has yet to be conquered, troops will surely be raised; when you are ordered to take the field, you will in the end be called upon. I know you are devoted to the state with your whole being — there is no need to say more." Rui then dropped the matter.
17
睿時見突厥方強,恐爲邊患,複陳鎭守之策十餘事,上書奏之曰:「竊以戎狄作患,其來久矣。 防遏之道,自古爲難。 所以周無上算,漢收下策,以其倏來忽往,雲屯霧散,強則騁其犯塞,弱又不可盡除故也。 今皇祚肇興,宇内寧一,唯有突厥種類,尚爲邊梗。 此臣所以廢寢與食,寤寐思之。 昔匈奴未平,去病辭宅,先零尚在,充國自劾。 臣才非古烈,而志追昔士。 謹件安置北邊城鎭烽候,及人馬糧貯戰守事意如別,謹並圖上呈,伏惟裁覽。」 上嘉歎久之,答以厚意。
Seeing that the Turks were growing strong and fearing a border threat, Rui again set forth more than ten measures for frontier defense and submitted a memorial: "I hold that the northern tribes have been a source of trouble for a very long time. The means of holding them in check has always been difficult. That is why Zhou found no perfect strategy and Han had to settle for lesser ones: the tribes come and go without warning, mass like clouds and vanish like mist — when strong they raid the frontier, and when weak they cannot be wiped out entirely. Now the dynasty's fortune is newly risen and the realm is united, yet the Turks alone still threaten the frontier. This is why I lose sleep over it and think of nothing else, waking or dreaming. In the past, while the Xiongnu were not yet subdued, Huo Qubing refused a residence; while the Xianlian still held out, Zhao Chongguo offered himself for punishment. My talent falls short of the heroes of old, but my ambition follows theirs. I respectfully submit a separate document on the disposition of northern garrison towns and beacon posts, and on provisions for men, horses, grain stores, and defense, together with maps. I humbly await your review." The emperor praised it at length and replied with warm appreciation.
18
睿時自以周代舊臣,久居重鎭,内不自安,屢請入朝,於是征還京師。 及引見,上爲之興,命睿上殿,握手極歡。 睿退謂所親曰:「功遂身退,今其時也。」 遂謝病於家,闔門自守,不交當代。 上賜以版輿,毎有朝覲,必令三衞輿上殿。 睿初平王謙之始,自以威名太盛,恐爲時所忌,遂大受金賄以自穢。 由是勳簿多不以實,詣朝堂稱屈者,前後百數。 上令有司案驗其事,主者多獲罪。 睿惶懼,上表陳謝,請歸大理。 上慰諭遣之。
Rui, considering himself an old minister of the Zhou who had long held a weighty frontier post, felt uneasy and repeatedly asked to come to court; he was then summoned back to the capital. When he was granted an audience, the emperor rose to receive him, had Rui ascend the hall, and clasped his hand in warm greeting. Afterward Rui told those close to him: "When the work is done, withdraw — now is the time." He then pleaded illness and retired to his home, shut his gates, and kept aloof from public affairs. The emperor granted him a palanquin, and whenever he came to court, the Three Guards were ordered to carry him up to the hall. When Rui had first pacified Wang Qian, he feared that his fame was too great and would excite jealousy, and so he deliberately accepted large bribes to tarnish his own reputation. As a result, the rolls of merit often did not reflect actual deeds, and more than a hundred men came before the court to protest injustice. The emperor ordered the relevant offices to investigate, and many of those chiefly responsible were punished. Rui was alarmed, submitted a memorial of apology, and asked to be handed over to the judicial authorities. The emperor comforted him and sent him home.
19
十五年,從上至洛陽而卒,時年六十五。 諡曰襄。 子洋嗣,官暦嵩、徐二州刺史、武賁郎將。 ,詔追改封睿爲戴公,命以洋襲焉。 【史論】史臣曰:李穆、梁睿,皆周室功臣,髙祖王業初基,倶受腹心之寄。 故穆首登師傅,睿終膺殊寵,觀其見機而動,抑亦民之先覺。 然方魏朝之貞烈,有愧王陵,比晉室之忠臣,終慚徐廣。 穆之子孫,特爲隆盛,硃輪華轂,凡數十人,見忌當時,禍難遄及,得之非道,可不戒歟!
In the fifteenth year he accompanied the emperor to Luoyang and died there, at the age of sixty-five. He was given the posthumous title Xiang. His son Yang succeeded him and served as inspector of Song and Xu provinces and as a commander of the Imperial Guard. An edict retroactively changed Rui's title to Duke of Dai and ordered that Yang inherit the rank. [Historian's Comment] The historiographer writes: Li Mu and Liang Rui were both meritorious ministers of the Zhou house. When Yang Jian's imperial enterprise was first taking shape, both were entrusted with his deepest confidence. Thus Mu was the first raised to Grand Tutor, and Rui in the end received extraordinary favor. In reading how they perceived the moment and acted, they may be counted among those who see ahead of the common run of men. Yet measured against the steadfast martyrs of Wei, they must feel shame before Wang Ling; measured against the loyal ministers of Jin, they must in the end feel shame before Xu Guang. Mu's descendants flourished beyond measure — several dozen of them rode in carriages with vermilion wheels and ornate hubs. Resented by their contemporaries, disaster swiftly overtook them. Wealth gained by improper means — is this not a lesson to heed!