1
長孫覽長孫覽,字休因,河南洛陽人也。 祖稚,魏太師、假黃鉞、上党文宣王。 父紹遠,周小宗伯、上党郡公。 覽性弘雅,有器量,略涉書記,尤曉鐘律。 魏大統中,起家東宮親信。 周明帝時,為大都督。 武帝在籓,與覽親善,及即位,彌加禮焉,超拜車騎大將軍。 每公卿上奏,必令省讀。 覽有口辯,聲氣雄壯,凡所宣傳,百僚屬目,帝每嘉歎之。 覽初名善,帝謂之曰:「朕以萬機,委卿先覽。」 遂賜名焉。 及誅宇文護,以功進封薛國公。 其後曆小司空。 從平齊,進位柱國,封第二子寬管國公。 宣帝時,進位上柱國、大司徒,俄曆同、涇二州刺史。 高祖為丞相,轉宜州刺史。
Zhangsun Lan, whose courtesy name was Xiuyin, came from Luoyang in Henan. His grandfather Zhi had served as the Northern Wei's Grand Preceptor, held the provisional yellow battle-axe, and bore the title Prince Wenxuan of Shangdang. His father Shaoyuan had been the Northern Zhou's Junior Director of the Imperial Clan and Duke of Shangdang commandery. Lan was open and elegant in temperament, had breadth of mind, knew something of clerical work, and was particularly skilled in pitch pipes and musical theory. During the Northern Wei's Datong era he began his career as an intimate attendant in the crown prince's household. Under Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou he held the post of Grand Commander-in-Chief. While Yuwen Yong was still heir apparent he was close to Lan; once he became emperor he treated him with even greater honor and promoted him at a stroke to General of Chariots and Cavalry. Whenever ministers of state presented memorials, the emperor invariably had Lan review them first. Lan was a gifted speaker with a powerful voice; whenever he delivered an imperial message the entire court watched him, and the emperor repeatedly expressed his admiration. Lan had originally been named Shan. The emperor told him, "I am placing the weight of government upon you to review matters first." With that he gave him his present name. After Yuwen Hu was killed, Lan was raised to Duke of Xue for his part in the plot. He later served in turn as Junior Minister of Works. He took part in the conquest of Northern Qi, was promoted to Pillar of State, and his second son Kuan was enfeoffed as Duke of Guan. Under Emperor Xuan he rose to Supreme Pillar of State and Grand Minister of Education, and before long served in succession as governor of Tong and Jing prefectures. While Yang Jian was still Chancellor, Lan was reassigned as governor of Yi Prefecture.
2
開皇二年,將有事於江南,征為東南道行軍元帥,統八總管出壽陽,水陸俱進。 師臨江,陳人大駭。 會陳宣帝卒,覽欲乘釁遂滅之,監軍高熲以禮不伐喪而還。 上常命覽與安德王雄、上柱國元諧、李充、左僕射高熲、右衛大將軍虞慶則、吳州總管賀若弼等同宴,上曰:「朕昔在周朝,備展誠節,但苦猜忌,每致寒心。 為臣若此,竟何情賴? 朕之於公,義則君臣,恩猶父子。 朕當與公共用終吉,罪非謀逆,一無所問。 朕亦知公至誠,特付太子,宜數參見之,庶得漸相親愛。 柱臣素望,實屬於公,宜識朕意。」 其恩禮如此。 又為蜀王秀納覽女為妃。 其後以母憂去職。 歲餘,起令復位。 俄轉涇州刺史,所在並有政績。 卒官。 子洪嗣。 仕曆宋順臨三州刺史、司農少卿、北平太守。 從子熾熾字仲光,上党文宣王稚之曾孫也。 祖裕,魏太常卿、冀州刺史。 父兕,周開府儀同三司、熊絳二州刺史、平原侯。 熾性敏慧,美姿儀,頗涉群書,兼長武藝。 建德初,武帝尚道法,尤好玄言,求學兼經史、善於談論者,為通道館學士。 熾應其選,與英俊並遊,通涉彌博。 建德二年,授雍州倉城令,尋轉盩啡令。 頻宰二邑,考績連最,遷崤郡守。 入為禦正上士。 高祖作相,擢為丞相府功曹參軍,加大都督,封陽平縣子,邑二百戶。 遷稍伯下大夫。 其年王謙反,熾從信州總管王長述溯江而上。 以熾為前軍,破謙一鎮,定楚、合等五州,擒偽總管荊山西元振,以功拜儀同三司。 及高祖受禪,熾率官屬先入清宮,即日授內史舍人、上儀同三司。 尋以本官攝判東宮右庶子,出入兩宮,甚被委遇。 加以處事周密,高祖每稱美之。 授左領軍長史,持節,使于東南道三十六州,廢置州郡,巡省風俗。 還授太子僕,加諫議大夫,攝長安令。 與大興令梁毗俱為稱職。 然毗以嚴正聞,熾以寬平顯,為政不同,部內各化。 尋領右常平監,遷雍州贊治,改封饒良縣子。 遷鴻臚少卿。 後數歲,轉太常少卿,進位開府儀同三司。 複持節為河南道二十八州巡省大使,于路授吏部侍郎。 大業元年,遷大理卿,複為西南道大使,巡省風俗。 擢拜戶部尚書。 吐谷渾寇張掖,令熾率精騎五千擊走之,追至青海而還,以功授銀青光祿大夫。 六年,幸江都宮,留熾于東都居守,仍攝左候衛將軍事。 其年卒官,時年六十二。 諡曰靜。 子安世,通事謁者。 熾弟晟晟字季晟,性通敏,略涉書記,善彈工射,趫捷過人。 時周室尚武,貴遊子弟鹹以相矜,每共馳射,時輩皆出其下。 年十八,為司衛上士。 初未知名,人弗之識也,唯高祖一見,深嗟異焉,乃攜其手而謂人曰:「長孫郎武藝逸群,適與其言,又多奇略。 後之名將,非此子邪?」
In Kaihuang 2 (582), with war planned against the south, he was appointed campaigning commander-in-chief of the Southeast Circuit, leading eight area commanders from Shouyang in a combined land-and-water advance. As his forces approached the Yangtze, the Chen court was thrown into panic. When Emperor Xuan of Chen died, Lan wanted to exploit the moment and destroy Chen outright, but the supervising commander Gao Hui held that one must not campaign during a period of mourning and pulled the army back. The emperor frequently had Lan dine with Prince Ande Xiong, Supreme Pillar of State Yuan Xie, Li Chong, Left Vice Director Gao Hui, General of the Right Guard Yu Qingze, and Wu Prefecture area commander He Ruo Bi, and said, "When I was still in the Zhou court I served with complete loyalty, yet I lived under endless suspicion and was repeatedly left heartsick. What bond of trust can a minister have in such circumstances? In my dealings with you, duty makes us sovereign and subject, yet in feeling we are as father and son. I intend to share lasting prosperity with you; short of plotting rebellion, you need fear no inquiry from me. I know your loyalty as well, and I am placing you especially in the service of the crown prince; visit him often so that affection may grow between you. The chief support of the realm and its enduring hope truly lie with you—bear my meaning in mind." Such was the depth of favor and courtesy shown him. He also had Lan's daughter marry Prince Xiu of Shu. He later resigned to observe mourning for his mother. A little over a year later he was recalled to office. Before long he was made governor of Jing Prefecture; in every post he won a record of good governance. He died while still holding office. His son Hong inherited his line. Hong served in turn as governor of Song, Shun, and Lin prefectures, as Vice Minister of the Imperial Granaries, and as governor of Beiping. His nephew Zhangsun Chi—Chi, whose courtesy name was Zhongguang, was a great-grandson of Prince Wenxuan of Shangdang, Zhi. His grandfather Yu had been the Northern Wei's Director of Imperial Sacrifices and governor of Ji Prefecture. His father Si had held the Northern Zhou rank of General-in-Chief with the ceremonial equipage of the Three Excellencies, governed Xiong and Jiang prefectures, and been enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingyuan. Chi was clever and perceptive by nature, striking in appearance, well read across many fields, and accomplished in the martial arts as well. Early in the Jiande era Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou favored Daoist teaching and especially loved abstruse discourse; he sought men versed in the classics and histories who could debate well and made them scholars of the Hall of the Way. Chi was chosen for this company and moved among the finest minds of the day, broadening his learning still further. In Jiande 2 (573) he was appointed magistrate of Cangcheng in Yong Prefecture, and soon afterward was transferred to magistrate of Dangyin. After governing two districts in succession with top evaluations, he was promoted to administrator of Xiao commandery. He was summoned to court as Senior Clerk of the Imperial Censorate. When Yang Jian became Chancellor, Chi was raised to Merit Officer in the chancellor's office, given the additional rank of Grand Commander, and enfeoffed as Viscount of Yangping with a fief of two hundred households. He was soon promoted to Junior Grand Master of the Left. In that same year Wang Qian rose in rebellion; Chi accompanied Area Commander Wang Changshu up the Yangtze. Chi served as vanguard, stormed one of Qian's strongpoints, pacified five prefectures including Chu and He, captured the rebel area commander Yuan Zhen west of Jing Mountain, and for this was made a general with the ceremonial equipage of the Three Excellencies. When Yang Jian accepted the throne, Chi led the officials in first entering to secure the palace; that same day he was appointed Palace Scribe and Senior General with the ceremonial equipage of the Three Excellencies. Before long, while keeping his original post, he was made acting Right Vice Director of the crown prince's household and passed between the two palaces, enjoying deep trust. Because he managed affairs with meticulous care, the emperor often spoke well of him. He was made chief clerk of the Left Guards, given credentials, and dispatched as commissioner to thirty-six prefectures on the Southeast Circuit to reorganize prefectures and commanderies and inspect local customs. On his return he was appointed Steward of the Crown Prince, given the additional rank of Remonstrating Counselor, and made acting magistrate of Chang'an. He and Liang Pi, magistrate of Daxing, were both considered exemplary in office. Pi was known for strict uprightness, Chi for mild fairness; though their methods differed, each brought order to his jurisdiction. Before long he oversaw the Right Ever-Normal Granary, was promoted to assistant administrator of Yong Prefecture, and his title was changed to Viscount of Raoliang. He was promoted to Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. Some years later he became Vice Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple and was advanced to General-in-Chief with the ceremonial equipage of the Three Excellencies. He again bore credentials as touring commissioner for twenty-eight prefectures on the Henan Circuit and, while on tour, was appointed Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel. In Daye 1 (605) he was made Director of the Court of Judicial Review and again sent as commissioner on the Southwest Circuit to inspect local customs. He was promoted to Minister of Revenue. When the Tuyuhun attacked Zhangye, Chi was sent with five thousand elite cavalry to repulse them, pursued them to Qinghai, and returned; for this he received the title Silver-Gleaming Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. In the sixth year, when the emperor traveled to the Jiangdu Palace, Chi was left at the Eastern Capital as commandant and also given acting command of the Left Houwei Guard. He died in office that same year, at the age of sixty-two. He was given the posthumous name Jing ("Tranquil"). His son Anshi served as Master of Ceremonies for Receiving Guests. Chi's younger brother Zhangsun Sheng—Sheng, whose courtesy name was Jisheng, was quick-witted and responsive, knew something of clerical work, excelled at archery and mounted shooting, and was unusually nimble. The Northern Zhou court then prized martial arts, and young men of noble families vied with one another; whenever they rode and shot together, none of his peers could match him. At eighteen he was a senior clerk in the Ministry of Guards. At first he was unknown and no one took notice of him, but the High Ancestor, on meeting him once, was struck with wonder, took his hand, and said to those present, "This young Zhangsun's martial prowess is beyond the common run; to judge by his speech he also holds many remarkable stratagems. The great commander of a later day—will it not be he?"
3
宣帝時,突厥攝圖請婚于周,以趙王招女妻之。 然周與攝圖各相誇競,妙選驍勇以充使者,因遣晟副汝南公宇文神慶送千金公主至其牙。 前後使人數十輩,攝圖多不禮,見晟而獨愛焉,每共遊獵,留之竟歲。 嘗有二雕,飛而爭肉,因以兩箭與晟曰:「請射取之。」 晟乃彎弓馳往,遇雕相攫,遂一發而雙貫焉。 攝圖喜,命諸子弟貴人皆相親友,冀昵近之,以學彈射。 其弟處羅侯號突利設,尤得眾心。 而為攝圖所忌,密托心腹,陰與晟盟。 晟與之遊獵,因察山川形勢,部眾強弱,皆盡知之。 時高祖作相,晟以狀白高祖。 高祖大喜,遷奉車都尉。
Under Emperor Xuan, the Türk qaghan Shetu sought a marriage alliance with Zhou, and Prince Zhao's daughter was given to him as wife. Zhou and Shetu each tried to outshine the other by selecting the boldest warriors as envoys, and Sheng was sent as deputy to the Duke of Runan, Yuwen Shenqing, to escort the Princess of a Thousand Gold to the qaghan's headquarters. Dozens of envoys had come before and after, and Shetu had treated most of them with little courtesy, but he took a special liking to Sheng, hunted with him constantly, and kept him for an entire year. Once two hawks were fighting in the air over a piece of meat; Shetu handed Sheng two arrows and said, "Shoot them down for me." Sheng bent his bow, spurred forward, found the birds locked together, and brought down both with a single arrow. Delighted, Shetu had his younger kinsmen and nobles befriend Sheng so that they might stay close to him and learn his archery. His younger brother Chuluohou, who bore the title Tuli she, enjoyed exceptional popularity. Shetu envied him, however; Chuluohou secretly placed his trust in confidants and entered a covert alliance with Sheng. On their hunting expeditions Sheng surveyed the terrain, the strength of the tribes, and their dispositions until he knew them through and through. Yang Jian was then Chancellor; Sheng laid out what he had learned before him. The High Ancestor was delighted and promoted him to Master of the Imperial Carriages.
4
至開皇元年,攝圖曰:「我周家親也,今隋公自立而不能制,複何面目見可賀敦乎」? 因與高寶寧攻陷臨渝鎮,約諸面部落謀共南侵。 高祖新立,由是大懼,修築長城,發兵屯北境,命陰壽鎮幽州,虞慶則鎮并州,屯兵數萬人以為之備。 晟先知攝圖、玷厥、阿波、突利等叔侄兄弟各統強兵,俱號可汗,分居四面,內懷猜忌,外示和同,難以力征,易可離間,因上書曰:「臣聞喪亂之極,必致升平,是故上天啟其機,聖人成其務。 伏惟皇帝陛下當百王之末,膺千載之期,諸夏雖安,戎場尚梗,興師致討,未是其時,棄於度外,又複侵擾。 故宜密運籌策,漸以攘之,計失則百姓不甯,計得則萬代之福。 吉凶所系,伏願詳思。 臣於週末,忝充外使,匈奴倚伏,實所具知。 玷厥之於攝圖,兵強而位下,外名相屬,內隙已彰,鼓動其情,必將自戰。 又處羅侯者,攝圖之弟,奸多而勢弱,曲取於眾心,國人愛之,因為攝圖所忌,其心殊不自安,跡示彌縫,實懷疑懼。 又阿波首鼠,介在其間,頗畏攝圖,受其牽率,唯強是與,未有定心。 今宜遠交而近攻,離強而合弱,通使玷厥,說合阿波,則攝圖回兵,自防右地。 又引處羅,遣連奚、霫,則攝圖分眾,還備左方。 首尾猜嫌,腹心離阻,十數年後,承釁討之,必可一舉而空其國矣。」 上省表大悅,因召與語。 晟複口陳形勢,手畫山川,寫其虛實,皆如指掌。 上深嗟異,皆納用焉。 因遣太僕元暉出伊吾道,使詣玷厥,賜以狼頭纛,謬為欽敬,禮數甚優。 玷厥使來,引居攝圖使上。 反間既行,果相猜貳。 授晟車騎將軍,出黃龍道,齎幣賜奚、霫、契丹等,遣為嚮導,得至處羅侯所,深布心腹,誘令內附。
In Kaihuang 1 (581) Shetu said, "I am kin to the house of Zhou, yet now the Duke of Sui has seized power and I cannot stop him—how can I face the qaghan?" He joined Gao Baoning in storming Lin Prefecture's Yu Pass and conspired with the tribal chiefs of the various departments for a joint southern invasion. The emperor had only just ascended the throne and was deeply alarmed; he repaired the Great Wall, posted troops along the northern border, placed Yin Shou at You Prefecture and Yu Qingze at Bing Prefecture, and stationed tens of thousands of men in readiness. Sheng had long known that Shetu, Dianjue, Abo, Tuli, and other kinsmen each commanded powerful forces, all called themselves qaghan, and held separate domains on four sides; inwardly suspicious yet outwardly cordial, they could not easily be crushed by force but could readily be divided; he therefore memorialized, "I have heard that the depth of disorder must give way to great peace, and that Heaven opens the moment for the sage to complete the work. Your Majesty stands at the close of a long line of kings and has received the mandate of a new age; though the heartland is settled, the northern frontier remains troubled; to march in force is not yet timely, yet to ignore the tribes is only to invite fresh raids. Secret strategy should therefore be applied to wear them down step by step; failure would leave the people unquiet, success would secure the welfare of generations to come. Upon this good or ill fortune turns; I beg Your Majesty to weigh it with care. At the close of the Zhou dynasty I had the honor of serving abroad as envoy and came to know the Türks' strengths and weaknesses in detail. Dianjue stands to Shetu with strong forces but inferior rank; though linked in name, the breach within is already plain, and if their passions are provoked they will turn on each other. Chuluohou, Shetu's younger brother, is crafty and popular yet militarily weak; beloved by the tribes, he is envied by Shetu, lives in deep unease, and though he appears accommodating is inwardly fearful. Abo, caught between them, is timid and irresolute, somewhat afraid of Shetu and pulled along in his wake, siding with whoever is stronger and never firm in allegiance. The policy now should be to ally with those far off and strike those near, to separate the strong and unite the weak: send envoys to Dianjue and draw Abo to our side, and Shetu will have to wheel his army back to defend the west. Win over Chuluohou and connect him with the Xi and Mohe as well, and Shetu will have to split his forces to guard the east. Caught between mutual suspicion and a divided heart, within a dozen years or so, when occasion offers, a single campaign should suffice to destroy their power entirely." The emperor read the memorial with great delight and summoned him for a private audience. Sheng again described the situation in person, sketched the mountains and rivers, and laid out their strengths and weaknesses with the clarity of a map in his palm. The emperor marveled and adopted every point. He therefore dispatched the Master of the Imperial Stud Yuan Hui by the Yiwu route to Dianjue, presenting a wolf-head banner and treating him with exaggerated respect and lavish ceremony. When Dianjue's envoy arrived, he was seated above Shetu's envoy. Once the policy of sowing discord took effect, the Türks indeed turned suspicious and divided among themselves. Sheng was made General of Chariots and Cavalry, marched out by the Yellow Dragon route, presented gifts to the Xi, Mohe, Khitan, and others, and used them as guides until he reached Chuluohou, won his confidence, and persuaded him to submit to the dynasty.
5
二年,攝圖四十萬騎自蘭州入,至於周盤,破達奚長儒軍,更欲南入。 玷厥不從,引兵而去。 時晟又說染幹詐告攝圖曰:「鐵勒等反,欲襲其牙。」 攝圖乃懼,回兵出塞。
In the second year Shetu led four hundred thousand horsemen in from Lan Prefecture to Zhoupan, routed Chief of the West Daxi Changru's army, and prepared to drive farther south. Dianjue refused to join him and withdrew with his forces. Sheng also had Rangan send a false report to Shetu: "The Tiele tribes have risen and mean to attack your headquarters." Terrified, Shetu wheeled his army back beyond the border.
6
後數月,突厥大入,發八道元帥分出拒之。 阿波至涼州,與竇榮定戰,賊帥累北。 時晟為偏將,使謂之曰:「攝圖每來,戰皆大勝。 阿波才入,便即致敗,此乃突厥之恥,豈不內愧於心乎? 且攝圖之與阿波,兵勢本敵。 今攝圖日勝,為眾所崇,阿波不利,為國生辱。 攝圖必當因以罪歸於阿波,成其夙計,滅北牙矣。 願自量度,能禦之乎?」 阿波使至,晟又謂之曰:「今達頭與隋連和,而攝圖不能制。 可汗何不依附天子,連結達頭,相合為強,此萬全之計。 豈若喪兵負罪,歸就攝圖,受其戮辱邪?」 阿波納之,因留塞上,使人隨晟入朝。 時攝圖與衛王軍遇,戰于白道,敗走至磧。 聞阿波懷貳,乃掩北牙,盡獲其眾而殺其母。 阿波還無所歸,西奔玷厥,乞師十余萬,東擊攝圖,複得故地,收散卒數萬,與攝圖相攻。 阿波頻勝,其勢益張。 攝圖又遣使朝貢,公主自請改姓,乞為帝女,上許之。
Some months later the Türks raided in force, and eight campaigning commanders-in-chief were sent out on separate routes to meet them. Abo reached Liang Prefecture and fought Dou Rongding; the Türk leader was beaten back again and again. Sheng, then a subordinate commander, sent word to Abo: "Whenever Shetu takes the field he wins a great victory. You have scarcely crossed the border and already been defeated—is this not a shame to all the Türks? Can you not feel the sting of it? Moreover, Shetu and Abo were once evenly matched in strength. Now Shetu wins victory after victory and rises in the people's esteem, while your setbacks bring dishonor on the realm. Shetu will surely use this to blame you and carry out his old plan to destroy the Northern Headquarters. Measure your own strength—can you stand against him?" When Abo's envoy came, Sheng told him further, "Datou is now allied with Sui, yet Shetu cannot restrain him. Why not submit to the Son of Heaven and join with Datou? Together you would be formidable—this is the sure course. Is it wiser to lose your army, bear disgrace, and return to Shetu only to be killed and shamed?" Abo agreed, stayed on the border, and sent envoys to accompany Sheng to court. Shetu then met Prince Wei's army at Baidao, was defeated, and fled into the desert. Learning that Abo was disloyal, he suddenly attacked the Northern Headquarters, seized Abo's followers, and killed Abo's mother. Abo, with nowhere to turn, fled west to Dianjue and borrowed more than a hundred thousand men; marching east he struck Shetu, recovered his old lands, rallied tens of thousands of scattered troops, and fought him again. Abo won battle after battle and his power swelled. Shetu again sent tribute to court; the princess asked to take the imperial surname and be adopted as the emperor's daughter, and the emperor agreed.
7
四年,遣晟副虞慶則使於攝圖,賜公主姓為楊氏,改封大義公主。 攝圖奉詔,不肯起拜,晟進曰:「突厥與隋俱是大國天子,可汗不起,安敢違意。 但可賀敦為帝女,則可汗是大隋女婿,奈何無禮,不敬婦公乎?」 攝圖乃笑謂其達官曰:「須拜婦公,我從之耳。」 於是乃拜詔書。 使還稱旨,授儀同三司、左勳衛車騎將軍。
In the fourth year Sheng accompanied Yu Qingze to Shetu's camp, gave the princess the surname Yang, and enfeoffed her as Princess Dayi. Shetu received the edict but would not rise to bow. Sheng stepped forward and said, "Türks and Sui are both great powers under Heaven; if the qaghan will not rise, we dare not press him. But Kehedun is the emperor's daughter, which makes you the Great Sui's son-in-law—how can you be so rude as not to honor your father-in-law?" Shetu laughed and told his nobles, "I must bow to my father-in-law—I will do as he says." With that he bowed to the edict. On their return, with the mission deemed successful, Sheng was appointed a general with the ceremonial equipage of the Three Excellencies and General of Chariots and Cavalry of the Left Merit Guard.
8
七年,攝圖死,遣晟持節拜其弟處羅侯為莫何可汗,以其子雍閭為葉護可汗。 處羅侯因晟奏曰:「阿波為天所滅,與五六千騎在山谷間,伏聽詔旨,當取之以獻。」 乃召文武議焉。 樂安西元諧曰:「請就彼梟首,以懲其惡。」 武陽公李充曰:「請生將入朝,顯戮以示百姓。」 上謂晟曰:「於卿何如?」 晟對曰:「若突厥背誕,須齊之以刑。 今其昆弟自相夷滅,阿波之惡,非負國家,因其困窮,取而為戮,恐非招遠之道,不如兩存之。」 上曰:「善。」 八年,處羅侯死,遣晟往吊,仍齎陳國所獻寶器以賜雍閭。
In the seventh year Shetu died; Sheng was dispatched with credentials to invest his younger brother Chuluohou as Qaghan Mohe and his son Yonglu as Yabghu Qaghan. Chuluohou reported through Sheng, "Abo has been brought low by Heaven and lingers in the valleys with five or six thousand horsemen, waiting on your command; I will seize him and present him as captive." The court then debated the matter. Yuan Xie of Le'an said, "Let them behead him where he stands to punish his crimes. Li Chong, Duke of Wuyang, said, "Bring him alive to the capital and execute him publicly as an example." The emperor asked Sheng, "What is your view?" Sheng answered, "If the Türks were openly rebellious, punishment would be fitting. But now they are destroying one another. Abo's wrong was not against our state; to kill him in his extremity would not win the distant tribes. Better to let both survive." The emperor said, "Well said." In the eighth year Chuluohou died; Sheng was sent to mourn him and carried treasures that Chen had presented to bestow upon Yonglu.
9
十三年,流人楊欽亡入突厥,詐言彭公劉昶共宇文氏女謀欲反隋,稱遣其來,密告主。 雍閭信之,乃不修職貢。 又遣晟出使,微觀察焉。 公主見晟,乃言辭不遜,又遣所私胡人安遂迦共欽計議,扇惑雍閭。 晟至京師,具以狀奏。 又遣晟往索欽,雍閭欲勿與,謬答曰:「檢校客內,無此色人。」 晟乃貨其達官,知欽所在,夜掩獲之,以示雍閭,因發公主私事,國人大恥。 雍閭執遂迦等,並以付晟。 上大喜,加授開府,仍遣入籓,蒞殺大義公主。 雍閭又表請婚,僉議將許之。 晟又奏曰:「臣觀雍閭,反覆無信,特共玷厥有隙,所以依倚國家。 縱與為婚,終當必叛。 今若得尚公主,承藉威靈,玷厥、染幹必又受其徵發。 強而更反,後恐難圖。 且染幹者,處羅侯之子也,素有誠款,於今兩代。 臣前與相見,亦乞通婚,不如許之,招令南徙,兵少力弱,易可撫馴,使敵雍閭,以為邊捍。」 上曰:「善。」 又遣慰喻染幹,許尚公主。
In the thirteenth year the exile Yang Qin fled to the Türks and falsely claimed that Duke Peng Liu Chang and a daughter of the Yuwen house were plotting to rebel against Sui and that he had been sent to inform them in secret. Yonglu believed him and stopped sending tribute. Sheng was again sent as envoy to observe him closely. The princess received Sheng with insolent speech and sent her private agent, the Hu man Ansuijia, to conspire with Qin and stir Yonglu to revolt. On reaching the capital Sheng laid the whole matter before the throne. He was sent again to demand Qin; Yonglu tried to withhold him and answered falsely, "We have searched our guests and found no such person." Sheng bribed Yonglu's nobles, learned Qin's whereabouts, seized him in a night raid, and showed him to Yonglu, exposing the princess's misconduct and shaming the nation. Yonglu arrested Ansuijia and the rest and delivered them to Sheng. The emperor was delighted, promoted him to General-in-Chief, and sent him back into the Türk lands to execute Princess Dayi. Yonglu again petitioned for a marriage alliance, and the court was inclined to agree. Sheng memorialized again, "Yonglu is fickle and untrustworthy; he clings to us only because he is at odds with Dianjue. Grant him a princess and he will rebel in the end. Once he has an imperial princess and borrows her prestige, Dianjue and Rangan will again be subject to his demands. When he grows strong he will turn on us again, and then he will be hard to control. Rangan, the son of Chuluohou, has shown sincere loyalty across two reigns. He too once asked for a marriage when I met him; better to grant it, move him south, and since his forces are few and weak, pacify him easily and set him against Yonglu as a border shield." The emperor said, "Agreed." He sent envoys to reassure Rangan and promised him an imperial princess.
10
十七年,染幹遣五百騎隨晟來逆女,以宗女封安義公主以妻之。 晟說染幹率眾南徙,居度斤舊鎮。 雍閭疾之,亟來抄略。 染幹伺知動靜,輒遣奏聞,是以賊來每先有備。
In the seventeenth year Rangan sent five hundred horsemen with Sheng to fetch his bride; a clanswoman was enfeoffed as Princess Anyi and given to him. Sheng persuaded Rangan to move his people south to the old site at Dujin. Yonglu resented this and raided again and again. Rangan reported every movement to court, so the frontier was forewarned whenever Yonglu struck.
11
十九年,染幹因晟奏,雍閭作攻具,欲打大同城。 詔發六總管,並取漢王節度,分道出塞討之。 雍閭大懼,複共達頭同盟,合力掩襲染幹,大戰于長城下。 染幹敗績,殺其兄弟子侄,而部落亡散。 染幹與晟獨以五騎逼夜南走,至旦,行百餘裡,收得數百騎,乃相與謀曰:「今兵敗入朝,一降人耳,大隋天子豈禮我乎? 玷厥雖來,本無冤隙,若往投之,必相存濟。」 晟知其懷貳,乃密遣從者入伏遠鎮,令速舉烽。 染幹見四烽俱發,問晟曰:「城上然烽何也?」 晟紿之曰:「城高地迥,必遙見賊來。 我國家法,若賊少舉二烽,來多舉三烽,大逼舉四烽,使見賊多而又近耳。」 染幹大懼,謂其眾曰:「追兵已逼,且可投城。」 既入鎮,晟留其達官執室以領其眾,自將染幹馳驛入朝。 帝大喜,進授左勳衛驃騎將軍,持節護突厥。 晟遣降虜覘候雍閭,知其牙內屢有災變,夜見赤虹,光照數百里,天狗隕,雨血三日,流星墜其營內,有聲如雷。 每夜自驚,言隋師且至。 並遣奏知,仍請出討突厥。 都速等歸染幹,前後至者男女萬餘口,晟安置之。 由是突厥悅附。 尋以染幹為意利珍豆啟人可汗,賜射于武安殿。 選善射者十二人,分為兩朋。 啟人曰:「臣由長孫大使得見天子,今日賜射,願入其朋。」 許之。 給晟箭六侯,發皆入鹿,啟人之朋竟勝。 時有群飛,上曰:「公善彈,為我取之。」 十發俱中,並應丸而落。 是日百官獲賚,晟獨居多。 尋遣領五萬人,於朔州築大利城以處染幹。 安義公主死,持節送義城公主,複以妻之。 晟又奏:「染幹部落歸者既眾,雖在長城之內,猶被雍閭抄略,往來辛苦,不得甯居。 請徙五原,以河為固,于夏、勝兩州之間,東西至河,南北四百里,掘為橫塹,令處其內,任情放牧,免於抄略,人必自安。」 上並從之。
In the nineteenth year Rangan reported through Sheng that Yonglu was building siege engines to attack Datong. The emperor ordered six area commanders, all under Prince Han, to march beyond the border on separate routes against him. Terrified, Yonglu allied again with Datou; together they fell on Rangan in a great battle below the Great Wall. Rangan was routed; his brothers, sons, and nephews were killed and his tribes scattered. Rangan and Sheng fled south with only five horsemen; by dawn, after more than a hundred li, they had gathered a few hundred riders and said to one another, "Defeated, if we submit we are mere captives—will the Son of Heaven honor us? Dianjue is near and we have no old quarrel with him; if we go to him he will surely shelter us." Sheng saw his wavering and secretly sent a man into Fuyuan Fort to have the beacon fires lit immediately. Seeing four beacons ablaze, Rangan asked Sheng, "Why are the beacon towers burning?" Sheng answered, "The walls are high and the plain wide—they must see the enemy from far off. Our law is: few enemies, two fires; many enemies, three; great force, four—so you see they are numerous and close." Rangan was terrified and told his men, "The pursuers are upon us—we must take refuge in the fort." Inside the fort Sheng left Rangan's noble Zhishi in command of the troops and himself escorted Rangan by relay horse to the capital. The emperor was overjoyed, promoted Sheng to General of Agile Cavalry of the Left Merit Guard, gave him credentials, and made him protector of the Türks. Sheng sent surrendered Türks to watch Yonglu and learned that his camp was plagued by omens—a red rainbow lighting the sky for hundreds of li, a heaven-dog falling, three days of bloody rain, a meteor crashing into his camp with thunder. Each night he woke in alarm, saying the Sui army was coming. Sheng reported everything and again asked leave to campaign against the Türks. Dusu and others returned to Rangan; more than ten thousand men and women came in succession, and Sheng settled them. From this the Türks were won to willing submission. Soon Rangan was invested as Qaghan Yili Zhen Douqi and given an archery contest in the Hall of Martial Peace. Twelve skilled archers were chosen and divided into two teams. The qaghan said, "Through Master Zhangsun I have seen the Son of Heaven; grant me a place on his team in today's contest." Permission was given. Sheng was given six targets and hit every deer; the qaghan's side won. A flock of birds flew by; the emperor said, "You shoot well with the sling—bring them down for me." Ten shots all struck; every bird fell. That day the officials all received gifts, but Sheng received the largest share. Soon he was sent with fifty thousand men to build the great city of Dali at Shuozhou to house Rangan. When Princess Anyi died, he bore credentials, escorted Princess Yicheng, and gave her to Rangan in marriage. Sheng memorialized again, "Rangan's followers are already many; though inside the Great Wall they still suffer Yonglu's raids and cannot live in peace. Move them to Wuyuan with the Yellow River as rampart; between Xia and Sheng prefectures, four hundred li east to west and north to south along the river, dig a trench and let them pasture within it, safe from raids." The emperor approved every point.
12
二十年,都藍大亂,為其部下所殺。 晟因奏請曰:「今王師臨境,戰數有功,賊內攜離,其主被殺,乘此招誘,必並來降,請遣染幹部下分頭招慰。」 上許之,果盡來附。 達頭恐怖,又大集兵。 詔晟部領降人,為秦川行軍總管,取晉王廣節度出討。 達頭與王相抗,晟進策曰:「突厥飲泉,易可行毒。」 因取諸藥毒水上流,達頭人畜飲之多死,於是大驚曰:「天雨惡水,其亡我乎?」 因夜遁。 晟追之,斬首千餘級,俘百餘口,六畜數千頭。 王大喜,引晟入內,同宴極歡。 有突厥達官來降,時亦預坐,說言突厥之內,大畏長孫總管,聞其弓聲,謂為霹靂,見其走馬,稱為閃電。 王笑曰:「將軍震怒,威行域外,遂與雷霆為比,一何壯哉!」 師旋,授上開府儀同三司,複遣還大利城,安撫新附。
In the twentieth year Dulü was thrown into turmoil and killed by his own men. Sheng memorialized, "Our army is on the frontier winning victories; the enemy are divided and their lord slain—send Rangan's men to win them over and they will all submit." The emperor agreed, and they all submitted. Datou was terrified and massed a great army again. Sheng was ordered to lead the surrendered Türks as campaigning commander-in-chief of the Qin River Circuit under Prince Guangs of Jin. Facing Datou, Sheng proposed, "The Türks drink from springs—it is easy to poison the water." Drugs were placed upstream; Datou's men and beasts drank and died in great numbers. In alarm he cried, "Heaven sends poisoned rain—has it forsaken me?" He fled in the night. Sheng pursued him, took more than a thousand heads, captured over a hundred men, and seized thousands of livestock. The prince was delighted, brought Sheng within, and feasted with him in high spirits. A surrendered Türk noble who shared the feast said the tribes greatly feared Commander Zhangsun—his bow sounded like thunder, his galloping horse like lightning. The prince laughed and said, "Your anger, General, awes the outer realms and rivals the thunderclap—how splendid!" When the army returned he was made Senior General-in-Chief with the ceremonial equipage of the Three Excellencies and sent back to Dali to pacify the new submissions.
13
仁壽元年,晟表奏曰:「臣夜登城樓,望見磧北有赤氣,長百餘裡,皆如雨足,下垂被地。 謹驗兵書,此名灑血,其下之國必且破亡。 欲滅匈奴,宜在今日。」 詔楊素為行軍元帥,晟為受降使者,送染幹北伐。 二年,軍次北河,值賊帥思力俟斤等領兵拒戰,晟與大將軍梁默擊走之,轉戰六十餘裡,賊眾多降。 晟又教染幹分遣使者,往北方鐵勒等部招攜取之。 三年,有鐵勒、思結、伏利具、渾、斛薩、阿拔、僕骨等十餘部,盡背達頭,請來降附。 達頭眾大潰,西奔吐谷渾。 晟送染幹安置於磧口。
In Renshou 1 (601) Sheng memorialized, "I climbed the city tower at night and saw north of the desert a red mist more than a hundred li long, hanging to earth like bloody rain. The military classics call this 'spilled blood'—the realm beneath it will fall. If we mean to destroy the northern foe, the moment is now." Yang Su was made campaigning commander-in-chief and Sheng commissioner for receiving surrenders, escorting Rangan north. In the second year the army reached the Northern River; the enemy commander Silijin and others resisted; Sheng and Grand General Liang Mo routed them after sixty li of fighting, and many surrendered. Sheng also had Rangan send envoys north to the Tiele and other tribes to win them over. In the third year more than ten tribes—the Tiele, Sijie, Fuliju, Hun, Husai, Abo, Pugu, and others—all abandoned Datou and sought to submit. Datou's forces collapsed and fled west to the Tuyuhun. Sheng escorted Rangan and settled him at Qikou.
14
事畢,入朝,遇高祖崩,匿喪未發。 煬帝引晟於大行前委以內衙宿衛,知門禁事,即日拜左領軍將軍。 遇楊諒作逆,敕以本官為相州刺史,發山東兵馬,與李雄等共經略之。 晟辭曰:「有男行布,今在逆地,忽蒙此任,情所不安。」 帝曰:「公著勤誠,朕之所悉。 今相州之地,本是齊都,人俗澆浮,易可搔擾。 儻生變動,賊勢即張,思所以鎮之,非公莫可。 公體國之深,終不可以兒害義,故用相委,公其勿辭。」 於是遣捉相州。 諒破,追還,轉武衛將軍。
When the campaign ended he returned to court just as Emperor Wen died; the death was kept secret and not yet announced. Emperor Yang took Sheng before the late emperor's bier and entrusted him with the inner palace guard and control of the gates; that day he was made General of the Left Guards. When Yang Liang rebelled, Sheng was ordered to remain in his post but become governor of Xiang Prefecture, raise Shandong troops, and plan the campaign with Li Xiong and others. Sheng declined: "My son Xingbu is in rebel territory; to accept this command unsettles me." The emperor said, "Your loyal service is well known to me. Xiang Prefecture was once the Qi capital; its people are fickle and easily stirred. If trouble flares there the rebels will grow strong; only you can hold it. Your loyalty to the state must not let a son outweigh duty; I entrust this to you—do not refuse." He was sent to take Xiang Prefecture. When Liang was defeated he was recalled and made General of the Martial Guard.
15
大業三年,煬帝幸榆林,欲出塞外,陳兵耀武,經突厥中,指於涿郡。 仍恐染幹驚懼,先遣晟往喻旨,稱述帝意。 染幹聽之,因召所部諸國,奚、霫、室韋等種落數十酋長咸萃。 晟以牙中草穢,欲令染乾親自除之,示諸部落,以明威重,乃指帳前草曰:「此根大香。」 染幹遽嗅之曰:「殊不香也。」 晟曰:「天子行幸所在,諸侯躬親灑掃,耘除禦路,以表至敬之心。 今牙中蕪穢,謂是留香草耳。」 染幹乃悟曰:「奴罪過。 奴之骨肉,皆天子賜也,得效筋力,豈敢有辭? 特以邊人不知法耳,賴將軍恩澤而教導之。 將軍之惠,奴之幸也。」 遂拔所佩刀,親自芟草,其貴人及諸部爭放效之。 乃發榆林北境,至於其牙,又東達於薊,長三千里,廣百步,舉國就役而開禦道。 帝聞晟策,乃益嘉焉。 後除淮陽太守,未赴任,複為右驍衛將軍。
In Daye 3 (607) Emperor Yang visited Yulin, planned to march beyond the border in full array through the Türk lands toward Zhuo commandery. Fearing Rangan would be alarmed, he sent Sheng ahead to explain the emperor's purpose. Rangan summoned the tribes under him; dozens of chieftains of the Xi, Mohe, Shiwei, and others assembled. The camp grass was foul; Sheng wished Rangan to clear it himself before the tribes to show imperial authority. Pointing at the grass before the tent he said, "This weed smells fine." Rangan sniffed and said, "It does not smell fine at all." Sheng said, "Wherever the Son of Heaven travels, lords sweep the road themselves to show utmost respect. Your camp is overgrown—you have left weeds as if they were fragrant herbs." Rangan understood: "Your slave has offended. My very flesh and bone are the Son of Heaven's gift—how dare I refuse labor? Only the frontier folk do not know the law; they learn through your kindness. Your kindness is my fortune." He drew his knife and cut the grass himself; nobles and tribes all followed. From Yulin's northern border to the qaghan's camp and east to Ji they opened an imperial road three thousand li long and a hundred paces wide, the whole nation laboring at corvée. The emperor heard of Sheng's scheme and praised him the more. He was later made governor of Huaiyang but did not take up the post and was again made General of the Right Valiant Cavalry.
16
五年,卒,時年五十八。 帝深悼惜之,賵贈甚厚。 後突厥圍雁門,帝歎曰:「向使長孫晟在,不令匈奴至此!」 晟好奇計,務功名。 性至孝,居憂毀瘠,為朝士所稱。 貞觀中,追贈司空、上柱國、齊國公,諡曰獻。 少子無忌嗣。
In the fifth year he died, at the age of fifty-eight. The emperor mourned him deeply and gave lavish funeral gifts. Later, when the Türks besieged Yanmen, the emperor sighed, "Had Zhangsun Sheng lived, the northern tribes would never have reached this! Sheng loved ingenious plans and pursued fame. He was deeply filial; in mourning he wasted away, and the court praised him. In the Zhenguan era he was posthumously made Minister of Works, Supreme Pillar of State, and Duke of Qi, with the posthumous name Xian ("Accomplished"). His youngest son Wuji inherited the line.
17
其長子行布,亦多謀略,有父風。 起家漢王諒庫真,甚見親狎。 後遇諒於并州起逆,率眾南拒官軍,乃留行布城守,遂與豆盧毓等閉門拒諒,城陷,遇害。 次子恆安,以兄功授鷹揚郎將。 史評史臣曰:長孫氏爰自代陰,來儀京洛,門傳鍾鼎,家誓山河。 漢代八王,無以方其茂績; 張氏七葉,不能譬此重光。 覽獨擅雄辨,熾早稱爽俊,俱司禮閣,並統師旅,且公且侯,文武不墜。 晟體資英武,兼包奇略,因機制變,懷彼戎夷。 傾巢盡落,屈膝稽顙,塞垣絕鳴鏑之旅,渭橋有單于之拜。 惠流邊朔,功光王府,保茲爵祿,不亦宜乎!
His eldest son Xingbu was resourceful and had his father's manner. He began as a treasury attendant to Prince Han Yang Liang and was greatly favored. When Liang rebelled at Bing Prefecture, Xingbu held the city with Dou Lu Yu and others and resisted him; when the city fell he was killed. The second son Heng'an, through his brother's service, was appointed General of the Hawkish Valor. The historians comment: The Zhangsun clan, beloved since the northern frontier, came to establish ritual at Luoyang; their house bore noble emblems and bound itself to the realm. The eight kings of Han cannot equal their flourishing merit; the seven generations of the Zhang clan cannot match this renewed splendor. Lan alone excelled in eloquence, Chi was praised early for brilliance; both served in the Ritual Offices and both commanded armies—civil and martial glory undiminished. Sheng was heroic and resourceful, adapting to circumstance and mastering the frontier tribes. He overturned their nests until they knelt in submission; the frontier fell silent of bowstrings, and at the Wei Bridge the qaghan paid homage. His grace reached the northern border and his merit lit the imperial house—was it not right that he keep rank and reward!