1
上谷公紇羅，神元皇帝之曾孫也。 初，從太祖自獨孤如賀蘭部，招集舊戶，得三百家，與弟建議，勸賀訥推太祖為主。 及太祖登王位，紇羅常翼衞左右。 又從征伐，有大功。 紇羅有援立謀，特見優賞。 及即帝位，與弟建同日賜爵為公。 卒。
Heluo, Duke of Shanggu, was a great-grandson of Emperor Shenyuan. Early on he followed Taizu from the Dugu to the Helan, rallied three hundred old households, and with his brother Jian urged Henai to make Taizu their leader. After Taizu took the kingship, Heluo served constantly at his side. He campaigned as well and won great distinction. Because Heluo had helped raise Taizu to power, he received exceptional favor. When Taizu became emperor, he enfeoffed Heluo and Jian as dukes on the same day. He passed away.
2
子題，少以雄武知名，賜爵襄城公。 從征中山，受詔徇下諸郡，撫慰新城，皆安化樂業。 進爵為王。 擊慕容驎於義臺，中流矢薨。 帝以太醫令陰光為視療不盡術，伏法。
His son Ti won early fame for valor and was made Duke of Xiangcheng. On the Zhongshan campaign he was ordered to sweep the lower commanderies; he pacified Xincheng, and the people settled gladly to their trades. He was promoted to prince. He fought Murong Lin at Yitai, took an arrow in flight, and died. The emperor held that Grand Physician Yin Guang had not done all he could and had him put to death.
3
子悉襲，降爵為襄城公。 卒，贈襄城王。
His son Xiji inherited the line but was demoted to Duke of Xiangcheng. When he died he was posthumously made Prince of Xiangcheng.
4
建德公嬰文，神元皇帝之後也。 少明辯，有決斷，太宗器之。 典出納詔命，常執機要。 世祖踐阼，拜護東夷校尉，進爵建德公，鎮遼西。 卒。
Yingwen, Duke of Jiande, descended from Emperor Shenyuan. Clever and resolute from youth, he won Emperor Taizong's esteem. He oversaw the issuing and receipt of edicts and routinely held the keys of state. At Shizu's accession he became Protector of the Eastern Yi, was raised to Duke of Jiande, and garrisoned Liaoxi. He died in office.
5
真定侯陸，神元皇帝之後也。 世祖時，以武功頗蒙恩遇，拜散騎常侍，賜爵真定侯。 卒。
Lu, Marquis of Zhending, was of Emperor Shenyuan's line. Under Shizu his battlefield service won repeated favor: he became scattered cavalier attendant-in-ordinary and Marquis of Zhending. He passed away.
6
陸曾孫軌，字法寄，稍遷洛陽令。 時天下多事，軌惟以深刻遇下，死多酷濫，識者非之。 孝靜時，鄴宮創制，以軌為營構使。 除徐州刺史。 軌風望既陋，又無學術，雖歷名位，時人輕之。 卒於州。
Lu's great-grandson Gui, styled Faji, rose step by step to magistrate of Luoyang. In troubled times Gui ruled his subordinates with pitiless severity; many died from his excesses, and men of judgment condemned him. Under Emperor Xiaojing, when the Ye palace was first laid out, Gui was put in charge of building it. He was transferred to Inspector of Xuzhou. Gui's standing was already low and he had no scholarship; for all his grand titles, his contemporaries held him cheap. He died while serving in the province.
7
武陵侯因，章帝之後也。 從太祖平中原，以功封曲逆侯。 世祖時，改爵武陵。
Yin, Marquis of Wuling, came down from Emperor Zhang. He followed Taizu in pacifying the Central Plain and was enfeoffed Marquis of Quni for his service. Under Shizu his fief was changed to Wuling.
8
長樂王壽樂，章帝之後也。 位選部尚書，南安王，改封長樂王。 高宗即位，壽樂有援立功，拜太宰、大都督、中外諸軍、錄尚書事。 矜功，與尚書令長孫渴侯爭權，並伏法。
Shoule, Prince of Changle, was of Emperor Zhang's line. He served as Minister of the Selection Bureau and Prince of Nan'an before his fief was changed to Changle. At Gaozong's accession Shoule was rewarded for helping put him on the throne with Grand Preceptor, grand commander, command of all armies within and without, and the post of recorder of the Masters of Writing. He grew proud of his service and wrestled for power with Chief of the Masters of Writing Zhangsun Kehou; both men were executed.
9
望都公頹，昭帝之後也。 隨太祖平中原，賜爵望都侯。 世祖以頹美儀容，進止可觀，使迎左昭儀於蠕蠕，進爵為公。 卒。
Tui, Duke of Wangdu, descended from Emperor Zhao. He followed Taizu in pacifying the Central Plain and received Marquis of Wangdu. Shizu thought Tui handsome and dignified in bearing and sent him to fetch the Left Esteemed Consort from the Ruru; his title was raised to duke. He passed away.
10
曲陽侯素延，桓帝之後也。 以小統從太祖征討諸部，初定并州，為刺史。 太祖之驚於栢肆也，并州守將封竇真為逆，素延斬之。 時太祖意欲撫悅新附，悔參合之誅，而素延殺戮過多，坐免官。 中山平，拜幽州刺史。 豪奢放逸，左遷上谷太守。 後賜爵曲陽侯。 時太祖留心黃老，欲以純風化俗，雖乘輿服御，皆去彫飾，咸尚質儉，而素延奢侈過度，太祖深銜之。 積其過，因徵，坐賜死。
Suyan, Marquis of Quyang, was of Emperor Huan's line. He began as a petty commander under Taizu in tribal campaigns; when Bing was first pacified he became its inspector. When Taizu was thrown into alarm at Baixi, the Bing garrison commander Feng Douzhen turned rebel and Suyan cut off his head. Taizu then meant to win over the newly submitted and regretted the slaughter at Canhe, yet Suyan had killed far too many and was removed from office. After Zhongshan fell he was made Inspector of You. Luxurious and unrestrained, he was demoted to Administrator of Shanggu. Later he was enfeoffed Marquis of Quyang. Taizu then turned to Huang-Lao, hoping to refine the people through plain ways: even imperial carriages and robes lost their ornament, yet Suyan's extravagance went beyond measure, and Taizu nursed a deep grudge. When his faults piled high he was summoned and granted death.
11
順陽公郁，桓帝之後也。 少忠正亢直。 初以羽林中郎內侍，勤幹有稱。 高宗時，位殿中尚書。 從高宗東巡臨海，以勞賜爵順陽公。 高宗崩，乙渾專權，隔絕內外，百官震恐，計無所出。 郁率殿中衞士數百人從順德門入，欲誅渾。 渾懼，逆出問郁曰：「君入何意？」 郁曰：「不見天子，羣臣憂懼，求見主上。」 渾窘怖，謂郁曰：「今大行在殯，天子諒闇，故未接百官，諸君何疑？」 遂奉顯祖臨朝。 後渾心規為亂，朝臣側目，郁復謀殺渾，為渾所誅。 顯祖錄郁忠正，追贈順陽王，諡曰簡。
Yu, Duke of Shunyang, came down from Emperor Huan. From boyhood he was loyal, upright, and unyielding. He first entered service as a palace-guard cadet within the inner quarters, where diligence won him a name. Under Gaozong he became Director of the Palace Secretariat. He accompanied Gaozong on an eastern tour to the sea and, for his exertions, was made Duke of Shunyang. After Gaozong's death Yifu Hun seized power, sealing court from capital; officials trembled and knew no remedy. Yu led several hundred palace guards through Shunde Gate to kill Hun. Hun, afraid, came out to meet him and asked, "My lord, why have you entered? Yu said, "We have not seen the Son of Heaven; the ministers are anxious and beg audience with their lord." Hun, cornered and afraid, said, "The late emperor still lies in state and the Son of Heaven keeps mourning seclusion, so he has not yet received you—why this suspicion? He then brought Xianzu out to preside at court. Later Hun turned his mind to treason and the court watched him with sidelong eyes. Yu plotted again to kill him and was slain by Hun. Xianzu honored Yu's loyalty, posthumously raised him to Prince of Shunyang, and styled him Jian.
12
宜都王目辰，桓帝之後也。 初以羽林郎從太祖南伐至江。 高宗即位，以勞累遷侍中、尚書左僕射，封南平公。 乙渾之謀亂也，目辰與兄郁議欲殺渾，事泄被誅，目辰逃隱得免。 顯祖傳位，有定策勳。 高祖即位，遷司徒，封宜都王，除雍州刺史，鎮長安。 目辰性亢直耿介，不為朋黨，朝臣咸憚之。 然好財利，在州，政以賄成。 有罪伏法，爵除。
Muchen, Prince of Yidu, was of Emperor Huan's line. He first followed Taizu south as a palace guard, campaigning as far as the Yangtze. At Gaozong's accession his long service won him attendant-in-ordinary, left vice director of the Masters of Writing, and the dukedom of Nanping. When Yifu Hun rose in treason, Muchen and his brother Yu planned his death; the plot was exposed and Muchen was sentenced, but he hid and escaped. When Xianzu abdicated in favor of the new emperor he had helped fix the succession. At Gaozu's accession he became Minister over the Masses and Prince of Yidu, then left court to serve as Inspector of Yong and garrison Chang'an. Muchen was stiff, upright, and aloof, never joining cliques, and the court feared him. Yet he loved gain, and in Yong his rule ran on bribes. He was executed for a crime and his fief was extinguished.
13
穆帝長子六脩，少而兇悖。 穆帝五年，遣六脩為前鋒，與輔相衞雄、范班及姬澹等救劉琨。 帝躬統大兵為後繼。 劉粲懼，焚燒輜重，突圍遁走。 縱騎追之，殺傷甚眾。 帝因大獵於壽陽山，陳閱皮肉，山為變赤。 及晉懷帝為劉聰所執，穆帝遣六脩與桓帝子普根率精騎助劉琨。 初穆帝少子比延有寵，欲以為後。 六脩出居新平城，而黜其母。 六脩有驊騮駿馬，日行五百里，穆帝欲取以給比延。 後六脩來朝，穆帝又命拜比延，六脩不從。 穆帝乃坐比延於己所乘步輦，使人導從出遊。 六脩望見，以為穆帝，謁伏路左，及至，乃是比延，慚怒而去。 召之，不還。 穆帝怒，率眾伐之。 帝軍不利，六脩殺比延。 帝改服微行民間，有賤婦人識帝，遂暴崩。 普根先守于外，聞難，率眾來赴。 攻六脩，滅之。
Liuxiu, Emperor Mu's eldest son, was violent and unruly from childhood. In Emperor Mu's fifth year he sent Liuxiu ahead with the assisting minister Wei Xiong, Fan Ban, Jitan, and others to relieve Liu Kun. The emperor himself led the main host as rear guard. Liu Can, in fear, burned his wagons, broke out, and fled. Pursuing cavalry killed and wounded a great multitude. The emperor then hunted on Shouyang Mountain, laid out flesh and hides for inspection, and the slopes ran red. When Jin's Emperor Huai fell into Liu Cong's hands, Emperor Mu sent Liuxiu and Emperor Huan's son Pugen with elite horsemen to help Liu Kun. Emperor Mu had long favored his youngest son Biyan and meant to make him heir. Liuxiu was sent to live at Xincheng and his mother was cast aside. Liuxiu owned a dappled bay that could run five hundred li in a day; Emperor Mu wanted it for Biyan. When Liuxiu later came to court, Emperor Mu again ordered him to bow to Biyan, and Liuxiu refused. Emperor Mu set Biyan on his own walking palanquin and sent attendants to escort him on parade. Liuxiu saw the procession from afar and, thinking it the emperor, bowed by the roadside—only to find Biyan and stalk away in shame and rage. When summoned he would not come back. Enraged, Emperor Mu marched against him in force. The imperial army fared badly, and Liuxiu killed Biyan. The emperor disguised himself among commoners; a humble woman recognized him, and he died suddenly. Pugen had been holding the field; hearing of the disaster he hurried in with troops. He struck Liuxiu down and wiped him out.
14
吉陽男比干，太祖族弟也。 以司衞監討白澗丁零有功，賜爵吉陽男。 後為南道都將，戰沒。
Bigan, Baron of Jiyang, was Taizu's younger clansman. As Director of Palace Guards he campaigned against the Baijian Dingling with success and was made Baron of Jiyang. Later, commanding the southern army, he fell in battle.
15
江夏公呂，太祖族弟也。 從世祖平涼州有功，封江夏公，位外都大官，委以朝政，大見尊重。 卒，贈江夏王，陪葬金陵。
Lü, Duke of Jiangxia, was Taizu's younger clansman. He followed Shizu in pacifying Liang, was made Duke of Jiangxia, headed the outer court, and was entrusted with state affairs to great honor. He died and was posthumously made Prince of Jiangxia, buried beside the imperial tombs at Jinling.
16
高涼王孤，平文皇帝之第四子也。 多才藝，有志略。 烈帝之前元年，國有內難，昭成如襄國。 後烈帝臨崩，顧命，迎昭成立之，社稷可安。 及崩，羣臣咸以新有大故，內外未安，昭成在南，來未可果，比至之間，恐生變詐，宜立長君以鎮眾望。 次弟屈，剛猛多變，不如孤之寬和柔順，於是大人梁蓋等殺屈，共推孤。 孤曰：「吾兄居長，自應繼位，我安可越次而處大業。」 乃自詣鄴奉迎，請身留為質。 石虎義而從之。 昭成即位，乃分國半部以與之。 薨。
Gu, Prince of Gaoliang, was Emperor Pingwen's fourth son. Gifted in many arts, he was a man of resolve and design. In the year before Emperor Lie's reign began, civil strife broke out and Emperor Zhaocheng went to Xiangguo. As Emperor Lie lay dying he charged them: bring Zhaocheng back and enthrone him, and the realm will be secure. At his death the ministers judged the realm too unsettled for a distant heir: Zhaocheng was still in the south, and until he came they feared intrigue; they argued that an elder lord should be set up at once to steady men's hearts. The next brother Qu was brutal and unpredictable, nothing like Gu's mildness; the elders Liang Gai and others killed Qu and pressed Gu to rule. Gu said, "My elder brother should reign by right. How could I leap over him to seize the throne? He went in person to Ye to fetch him, offering to stay behind as hostage. Moved by his honor, Shi Hu agreed. When Zhaocheng came to the throne he gave Gu half the realm. He died in his princely rank.
17
子斤，失職懷怒，構寔君為逆，死於長安。 太祖時，以孤勳高，追封高涼王，諡曰神武。
His son Jin, stripped of office and bitter, framed the Veritable Lord for treason and met his end at Chang'an. In Taizu's day Gu's service was judged supreme; he was posthumously made Prince of Gaoliang, styled Shenwu.
18
斤子樂真，[2]頻有戰功，後襲祖封。 太宗初，改封平陽王。 薨。
Jin's son Lezhen, [2] won repeated honors in war and later inherited his grandfather's fief. At the opening of Taizong's reign he was made Prince of Pingyang. He passed away.
19
子禮，襲本爵高涼王。 薨，諡懿王。
His son Li took up the old title, Prince of Gaoliang. He died and was styled Prince Yi.
20
子那，襲爵。 拜中都大官。 驍猛善攻戰。 正平初，坐事伏法。 顯祖即位，追那功，命子紇紹封。 薨。
His son Na inherited the fief. He was made chief officer of the central court. Bold in assault, he excelled in battle. Early in Zhengping he was executed for a crime. At Xianzu's accession he honored Na's service and had his son He continue the line. He died in office.
21
子大曹，性愿直。 高祖時，諸王非太祖子孫者，例降爵為公。 以大曹先世讓國功重，曾祖樂真勳著前朝，改封太原郡公。 卒，無子，國除。 世宗又以大曹從兄子洪威紹。 恭謙好學，為潁川太守，有政績。 孝靜初，在潁川聚眾應關西，齊獻武王遣將討平之。
His son Dacao was plain and upright by nature. Under Gaozu, princes outside Taizu's direct line were routinely demoted from prince to duke. Dacao's house had twice earned the throne's debt—Gu's abdication and Lezhen's battlefield fame—so he was made Duke of Taiyuan commandery instead. He died childless and the fief lapsed. Emperor Shizong later had Dacao's cousin's son Hongwei carry on the line. Humble, eager to learn, he governed Yingchuan with a record of real achievement. Early in Xiaojing he raised men at Yingchuan in answer to the Guanxi rising; the Prince of Qi, Duke Xianwu, sent generals who crushed him.
22
禮弟陵，世祖賜爵襄邑男。 進爵為子。 卒。
Li's younger brother Ling received Baron of Xiangyi from Shizu. He was promoted to viscount. He passed away.
23
子瓌，位柔玄鎮司馬。
His son Gui served as major at Rouxuan garrison.
24
瓌子鷙，字孔雀。 容貌魁壯，腰帶十圍。 為羽林隊仗副。 高祖末，以征討有功，賜爵晉陽男。 累遷領軍、畿部都督。
Gui's son Zhi, whose style was Kongque, "Peacock." He was huge in frame, his belt ten arm-spans round. He served as deputy commander of a Feathered Forest detachment. Late in Gaozu's reign his campaigns won him Baron of Jinyang. He rose to Director of the Guards and commander of the capital district.
25
武泰元年，尒朱榮至河陰，殺戮朝士，鷙與榮共登高冢俯而觀之，自此後與榮合。 元顥之逼也，鷙從駕北迎。 既到河內，欲入城，鷙奏曰：「河內晝則閉門，夜引駕入，此之意趣，難以測量。 本圖有在，願便發邁。」 帝從之，前至長子，以尒朱榮赴援，除鷙車騎將軍，封華山王。 莊帝既殺尒朱榮，榮從子兆為亂，帝欲率諸軍親討，鷙與兆陰通，乃勸帝曰：「黃河萬仞，寧可卒渡。」 帝遂自安。 及兆入殿，鷙又約止衞兵。 帝見逼，京邑破，皆由鷙之謀。 孝靜初，入為大司馬，加侍中。
In Wutai year one Erzhu Rong came to Heyin and butchered the court; Zhi climbed a mound beside him to watch the killing, and afterward threw in his lot with Rong. When Yuan Hao closed in, Zhi rode north with the emperor to meet relief. At Henei, when the emperor wished to enter the city, Zhi memorialized: "By day its gates stay shut and by night they would admit you—such intentions are impossible to read. Your design still holds; I urge you to march on at once." The emperor agreed and pushed on to Changzi; when Erzhu Rong came to the rescue, Zhi was made General of Agile Cavalry and Prince of Huashan. After Emperor Zhuang killed Erzhu Rong, Rong's kinsman Zhao rose in revolt; the emperor meant to take the field himself, but Zhi was in secret with Zhao and urged him, "The Yellow River is ten thousand ren deep—will you ford it in haste?" The emperor took ease and stayed put. When Zhao entered the hall Zhi also held back the palace guards. The emperor was cornered and the capital fell—all by Zhi's design. Early in Xiaojing he entered court as Grand Marshal with the added rank of attendant-in-ordinary.
26
鷙有武藝，木訥少言，性方厚，每息直省闥，雖暑月不解衣冠。 曾於侍中高岳之席，咸陽王坦恃力使酒，陵侮一坐，眾皆下之，不敢應答。 坦謂鷙曰：「孔雀老武官，何因得王？」 鷙即答曰：「斬反人元禧首，是以得之。」 眾皆失色，鷙怡然如故。 興和三年薨，贈假黃鉞、尚書令、司徒公。
Zhi was a fighter, slow of tongue and sparing of words, but upright and steady; on gate duty in midsummer he would not loosen cap or gown. At a feast of Attendant-in-Chief Gao Yue, Prince of Xianyang Tan, drunk on his strength, bullied the table until every man shrank silent. Tan said to Zhi, "Peacock, you old soldier—how did you become a prince?" Zhi answered at once, "I took the rebel Yuan Xi's head—that is how." The room went white; Zhi sat easy as ever. He died in the third year of Xinghe and was posthumously given acting yellow battle-axe, director of the Masters of Writing, and Duke of the Masses.
27
子大器，襲爵。 後與元瑾謀害齊文襄王，見害。
His son Daqi inherited the fief. Later he joined Yuan Jin in a plot against Prince Wenxiang of Qi and was put to death.
28
孤孫度，太祖初賜爵松滋侯，位比部尚書。 卒。
Gu's grandson Du, enfeoffed Marquis of Songzi under early Taizu, served as director of comparative review. He passed away.
29
子乙斤，襲爵襄陽侯。 顯祖崇舊齒，拜外都大官，甚見優重。 卒
His son Yijin took up Marquis of Xiangyang. Xianzu, honoring his years, made him chief of the outer court and treated him with great weight. He died in office.
30
子平，字楚國，襲世爵松滋侯。 以軍功賜艾陵男。 卒。
His son Ping, styled Chuguo, inherited the hereditary marquisate of Songzi. Battle honors won him Baron of Ailing. He passed away.
31
子萇，高祖時，襲爵松滋侯，例降侯，賜艾陵伯。 萇性剛毅，雖有吉慶事，未嘗開口而笑。 高祖遷都，萇以代尹留鎮。 除懷朔鎮都大將，因別賜萇酒，雖拜飲，而顏色不泰。 高祖曰：「聞公一生不笑，今方隔山，[3]當為朕笑。」 竟不能得。 高祖曰：「五行之氣，偏有所不入。 六合之間，亦何事不有。」 左右見者，無不扼腕大笑。 世宗時，為北中郎將，帶河內太守。 萇以河橋船絙路狹，不便行旅，又秋水汎漲，年常破壞，乃為船路，遂廣募空車從京出者，[4]率令輸石一雙，累以為岸。 橋闊，來往便利，近橋諸郡，無復勞擾，公私賴之。 歷位度支尚書、侍中、雍州刺史。 卒，諡曰成。 萇中年以後，官位微達，乃自尊倨，閨門無禮，昆季不穆，性又貪虐，論者鄙之。
His son Chang inherited Songzi under Gaozu but, by the usual rule, was demoted from marquis to Baron of Ailing. Chang was iron by nature; even at weddings and feasts he never smiled. When Gaozu moved the capital, Chang stayed behind as acting chief of Dai to hold the north. He was transferred to commander at Huaishuo; Gaozu sent him wine apart from the court, and though he bowed and drank, his face never eased. Gaozu said, "They tell me you have never laughed in all your days—now mountains lie between us, [3] so laugh once for me." Even so Chang would not smile. Gaozu said, "Among the five phases, some temperaments never take a given element. Under heaven, what wonder does not exist?" The attendants clutched their sides and roared with laughter. Under Shizong he was northern central army general and concurrent Administrator of Henei. Chang found the He Bridge towpath too narrow for traffic and the autumn floods too ruinous, so he opened a boat channel and pressed every empty cart leaving the capital [4] to haul a load of stone until banks rose on either side. The crossing widened, travel eased, and neighboring commanderies were spared the old corvée; public and private alike prospered by it. He served as director of revenue, attendant-in-ordinary, and Inspector of Yong. He died and was styled Cheng. Only in middle age did Chang's modest offices ripen into pride: at home he abandoned ritual, quarreled with his kin, and grew greedy and harsh, and men of judgment scorned him.
32
萇子子華，字伏榮，襲爵。 孝莊初，除齊州刺史。 先是，州境數經反逆，邢杲之亂，人不自保。 而子華撫集豪右，委之管籥，眾皆感悅，境內帖然。 而性甚褊急，當其急也，口不擇言，手自捶擊。 長史鄭子湛，子華親友也，見侮罵，遂即去之。 子華雖自悔厲，終不能改。 在官不為矯潔之行，凡有餽贈者，辭多受少，故人不厭其取。 鞠獄訊囚，務加仁恕。 齊人樹碑頌德。
Chang's son Zihua, styled Furong, took up the fief. At the opening of Emperor Zhuang's reign he became Inspector of Qi. The province had long been torn by revolt; in Xing Tuo's rising no one could keep himself safe. Zihua rallied the great clans, gave them authority, and won their hearts until the land lay quiet. Yet he was quick-tempered: in a rage he spoke without restraint and struck out with his own fists. His chief clerk and friend Zheng Zihan bore his abuse once too often and walked away. Zihua repented and strained to reform, but the habit held. He never played the hypocrite in office: when gifts came he refused the bulk and took little, so men did not begrudge him. In trials he leaned toward mercy. The people of Qi raised a stele to his virtue.
33
後除濟州刺史。 尒朱兆之入洛也，齊州城人趙洛周逐刺史丹陽王蕭贊，表濟南太守房士達攝行州事。 洛周子元顯先隨子華在濟州，邀路改表，請子華復為齊州刺史。 子華母房氏，曾就親人飲食，夜還大吐，人以為中毒，甚憂懼，子華遂掬吐盡噉之，其母乃安。 尋以母憂還都。
Later he was transferred to Inspector of Ji. When Erzhu Zhao took Luoyang, Zhao Luozhou of Qi drove out Inspector Xiao Zan, Prince of Danyang, and asked Jinan Administrator Fang Shida to govern the province. Luozhou's son Yuanxian, who had served under Zihua in Ji, waylaid the dispatch and rewrote it to restore Zihua to Qi. Zihua's mother, Lady Fang, fell violently ill after a relative's feast; fearing poison, the household panicked until Zihua ate her vomit and she recovered her ease. Soon he left for the capital in mourning for her.
34
孝靜初，除南兗州刺史。 弟子思通使關西，朝廷使右衞將軍郭瓊收之。 子思謂瓊僕曰：「速可見殺，何為久執國士！」 子華謂子思曰：「由汝粗疏，令我如此。」 以頭叩牀，涕泣不自勝。 子思以手捋鬚，顧謂子華曰：「君惡體氣。」 尋與子思俱死於門下外省。
Early in Xiaojing he was made Inspector of southern Xuzhou. His nephew Zisi was sent to Guanxi; the court dispatched Right Guard General Guo Qiong to arrest him. Zisi told Qiong's man, "Kill me now—why keep a servant of the realm in bonds?" Zihua cried to Zisi, "Your rashness has brought me to this." He beat his head on the bed and wept without restraint. Zisi smoothed his beard and told Zihua, "You have a sour stomach." Soon both men were killed in the outer office below the gate.
35
子思，字眾念，性剛暴，恒以忠烈自許。 元天穆當朝權，以親從薦為御史中尉。 先是，兼尚書僕射元順奏，以尚書百揆之本，至於公事，不應送御史。 [5]至子思，奏曰：
Zisi, styled Zhongnian, was fierce by nature and prided himself on fierce loyalty. While Yuan Tianmu held power he entered the Censorate as chief rectifier through family ties. Before this, Yuan Shun, acting vice director of the Masters of Writing, argued that since that office is the root of government, routine business should not be routed to the censors. [5] When Zisi came into the post, he submitted a memorial that said:
36
案御史令云：「中尉督司百僚； 治書侍御史糾察禁內。」 又云：「中尉出行，車輻前驅，除道一里，王公百辟避路。」 時經四帝，前後中尉二十許人，奉以周旋，未曾暫廢。 府寺臺省，並從此令。 唯肅宗之世，為臨洮舉哀，故兼尚書左僕射臣順不肯與名，又不送簿。 故中尉臣酈道元舉而奏之，而順復啟云：「尚書百揆之本，令僕納言之貴，不宜下隸中尉，送名御史。」 尋亦蒙敕，聽如其奏。 從此迄今，使無準一。
The Censorate regulations state: "The Director oversees the hundred offices; the drafting clerk investigates misconduct inside the palace." They also say that when the Director travels abroad, his carriage hub goes before him, the road is cleared for a li, and kings, dukes, and all ranks step aside." Four reigns had passed; some twenty directors in succession had lived by that rule, and it had never lapsed even briefly. Every ministry, directorate, terrace, and secretariat followed it. Only under Emperor Xiaozong, during mourning for Lintao, had the acting left vice director Shun refused to list his name or send the attendance register. The former Director Li Daoyuan reported him; Shun answered with another petition: "The Masters of Writing are the root of government; vice directors who speak for the throne should not be made subordinates of the Director and have their names delivered to the Censorate." Soon an edict approved his request. Since then there had been no single standard.
37
臣初上臺，具見其事，意欲申請決議，但以權兼，未宜便爾。 日復一日，遂歷炎涼。 去月朔旦，臺移尚書索應朝名帳，而省稽留不送。 尋復移催并主吏，忽為尚書郎中裴獻伯後注云：「案舊事，御史中尉逢臺郎於複道，中尉下車執板，郎中車上舉手禮之。 以此而言，明非敵體。」 臣既見此，深為怪愕。 旋省二三，未解所以。 正謂都省別被新式，改易高祖舊命，即遣移問，事何所依。 又獲尚書郎中王元旭報，出蔡氏漢官，似非穿鑿。 始知裴、王亦規壞典謨，兩人心欲自矯。 臣案漢書宣秉傳云，詔徵秉為御史中丞，與司隸校尉、尚書令俱會殿庭，並專席而坐，京師號之為三獨坐。 又尋魏書崔琰傳、晉文陽□傅嘏傳，皆云既為中丞，百僚震悚。 [6]以此而言，則中丞不揖省郎蓋已久矣，憲臺不屬都堂，亦非今日。 又尋職令云：「朝會失時，即加彈糾。」 則百官簿帳，應送上臺，灼然明矣。 又皇太子以下違犯憲制，皆得糾察，則令僕朝名宜付御史，又亦彰矣。 不付名至，否臧何驗？ 臣順專執，未為平通，先朝曲遂，豈是正法？
When I first took my seat on the terrace I saw the whole affair and meant to petition for a firm ruling, but my post was only concurrent and I hesitated to move too soon. Days became months until seasons had turned. On the first of last month the terrace asked the Masters of Writing for the court attendance roster; the secretariat held it back. A second demand named the chief clerk; then Pei Xianbo, a gentleman of the Masters of Writing, added a marginal note: "By old precedent, when the Director meets a terrace gentleman in the covered passage, the Director dismounts with his tablet while the gentleman salutes from the carriage. That shows they are not equals." I was astonished when I read it. I turned it over again and again and could not see the reasoning. I assumed the secretariat had received some new rule and set aside Emperor Gaozu's old order, and sent notice asking what authority they relied on. Wang Yuanxu, another gentleman of the Masters of Writing, answered with a passage from Cai Yong's Han Offices; it did not look far-fetched. Then I understood that Pei and Wang meant to break the statutes—each trying to excuse himself. The Han shu biography of Xuan Bing records an edict summoning him as Director of the Censorate; he met in the hall with the Director of the Secretariat Police and the Director of the Masters of Writing, each with his own seat—the capital called them the Three Who Sit Alone. I also searched the Wei shu life of Cui Yan and the Jin life of Fu Gu of Wenyang, where one character is lost in the source; both say that once he was Director the hundred offices trembled. [6] So the Director has not bowed to secretariat gentlemen in a long time, and the Censorate has never belonged to the secretariat—none of this began yesterday. The office statutes also say: "Late arrival at court is impeached on the spot." Registers of the hundred offices must therefore be sent to the terrace—plain as daylight. Anyone from the crown prince down who breaks the statutes may be investigated; vice directors' court names should go to the Censorate—equally obvious. Without those names, how is merit or fault to be judged? Shun's stubbornness is not equitable; that the previous court indulged him was not proper law.
38
謹案尚書郎中臣裴獻伯、王元旭等，望班士流，早參清宦，輕弄短札，斐然若斯，苟執異端，忽焉至此，此而不綱，將隳朝令。 請以見事免獻伯等所居官，付法科處。 尚書納言之本，令僕百揆之要，同彼浮虛，助之乖失，宜明首從，節級其罪。
Pei Xianbo, Wang Yuanxu, and the rest stand among the elite and entered pure office early, yet they toyed with brief notes to this effect; clinging to perverse views they have come to this—if this goes unpunished, court orders will collapse. I ask that Xianbo and the others be removed from office on the evidence before us and handed to the penal offices. The Masters of Writing are the root of counsel and the vice directors the pivot of government; aiding this error is empty vanity—the ringleaders should be named and punished by degree.
39
詔曰：「國異政，不可據之古事。 付司檢高祖舊格，推處得失以聞。」 尋從子思奏。 仍為元天穆所忿，遂停。 元顥之敗，封安定縣子。 孝靜時，位侍中而死。
The edict answered: "States differ in government; ancient precedents cannot decide this. Let the relevant office examine Emperor Gaozu's old regulations, weigh the rights and wrongs, and report." Shortly afterward the court followed Zisi's memorial. Yuan Tianmu, resentful, blocked it anyway. After Yuan Hao's defeat he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Anding. Under Emperor Xiaojing he rose to Attendant-in-Ordinary and died.
40
萇弟珍字金雀，襲爵艾陵男。 [7]世宗時，曲事高肇，遂為帝寵昵。 彭城王勰之死，珍率壯士害之。 後卒於尚書左僕射。
Chang's younger brother Zhen, courtesy name Golden Sparrow, inherited the barony of Ailing. [7] Under Emperor Shizong he curried favor with Gao Zhao and won the emperor's intimate trust. When Prince of Pengcheng Xie died, Zhen led strong men to kill him. He later died as Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
41
平弟長生，位游、騎擊將軍。 卒。 孝莊時，以子天穆貴盛，贈司空。
Ping's younger brother Changsheng was General of the Mobile Corps and Striking Cavalry. He died. Under Emperor Xiaozhuang, because his son Tianmu had grown powerful, he was posthumously made Minister of Works.
42
天穆，性和厚，美形貌，善射，有能名。 年二十，起家員外郎。 六鎮之亂，尚書令李崇、廣陽王深北討，天穆奉使慰勞諸軍。 路出秀容，尒朱榮見其法令齊整，有將領氣，深相結託，約為兄弟。 未幾，榮請天穆為行臺，朝廷不許，改授別將，令赴秀容。 是時，北鎮紛亂，所在蜂起，六鎮蕩然，無復蕃捍，惟榮當職路衝，招聚散亡。 天穆為榮腹心，除并州刺史。
Tianmu was mild and open-handed, handsome, skilled with the bow, and known for ability. At twenty he entered service as a supernumerary gentleman. During the Six Garrisons rebellion, Li Chong, Director of the Masters of Writing, and Prince of Guangyang Shen marched north; Tianmu was sent to comfort the troops. Passing Xiurong, Erzhu Rong saw his commands in good order and a commander's bearing; they bonded deeply and swore brotherhood. Soon Rong asked that Tianmu be made mobile-office commissioner; the court refused and made him a separate commander bound for Xiurong. The north was in chaos; the Six Garrisons were gone and the border undefended—only Rong, on the main road, gathered wanderers. Tianmu was Rong's confidant and was made regional inspector of Bingzhou.
43
及榮赴洛，天穆參其始謀，乃令天穆留後，為之繼援。 莊帝踐阼，天穆以榮之眷昵，特除太尉，封上黨王，徵赴京師。 榮之討葛榮，詔天穆為前軍都督，率京師之眾以赴之。 榮擒葛榮，天穆增封，通前三萬戶。 尋監國史，錄尚書事，開府，世襲并州刺史。
When Rong marched on Luoyang Tianmu helped plot the move; Rong left him behind as rear guard. At Xiaozhuang's accession, through Rong's favor, Tianmu was made Grand Commandant and Prince of Shangdang and summoned to court. When Rong campaigned against Ge Rong, an edict made Tianmu commander of the van with the capital armies. After Rong captured Ge Rong, Tianmu's fief rose to thirty thousand households in all, counting earlier grants. Soon he supervised the national history, recorded Masters of Writing affairs, opened a government office, and held Bingzhou in perpetuity.
44
初，杜洛周、鮮于脩禮為寇，瀛冀諸州人多避亂南向。 幽州前北平府主簿河間邢杲，[8]擁率部曲，屯據鄚城，以拒洛周、葛榮，垂將三載。 及廣陽王深等敗後，杲南渡居青州北海界。 靈太后詔流人所在皆置命屬郡縣，選豪右為守令以撫鎮之。 時青州刺史元世儁表置新安郡，以杲為太守，未報。 會臺申汰簡所授郡縣，[9]以杲從子子瑤資蔭居前，乃授河間太守。 杲深耻恨，於是遂反。 所在流人先為土人凌忽，聞杲起逆，率來從之，旬朔之間，眾踰十萬。 劫掠村塢，毒害民人，齊人號之為「𦧟榆賊」。 先是，河南人常笑河北人好食榆葉，故因以號之。 杲東掠光州，盡海而還。 又破都督李叔仁軍。 詔天穆與齊獻武王討大破之。 杲乃請降，傳送京師，斬之。 增天穆邑萬戶。
Earlier Du Luozhou and Xianyu Xiuli had raided, and many in Ying and Ji fled south. Xing Gao of Hejian, [8] former chief clerk of Northern Ping, led his band and held Moying against Luozhou and Ge Rong for nearly three years. After Shen, Prince of Guangyang, was defeated, Gao went south and settled on the Beihai border in Qingzhou. Empress Dowager Ling ordered refugees registered to commanderies and counties, with local magnates as administrators to pacify them. Regional Inspector of Qingzhou Yuan Shijun asked to create Xin'an commandery and make Gao administrator; no reply came. When the terrace reviewed county appointments, [9] Gao's nephew Ziyao ranked higher by inherited privilege and received Hejian instead. Gao was shamed to the bone and rebelled. Refugees long bullied by locals heard and joined him; within a month his force passed a hundred thousand. They looted villages and harmed civilians; Qi people called them the Bald-elm Bandits. Henan men had mocked Hebei men for eating elm leaves—hence the nickname. Gao raided east into Guang province to the sea and back. He also broke the army of Area Commander Li Shuren. An edict sent Tianmu and the King of Qi Xianwu to crush them. Gao surrendered, was sent to the capital, and beheaded. Tianmu's fief grew by ten thousand households.
45
時元顥乘虛陷滎陽，天穆聞莊帝北巡，自畢公壘北渡，會車駕於河內。 尒朱榮以天時炎熱，欲還師，天穆苦執不可，榮乃從之。 莊帝還宮，加太宰，羽葆、鼓吹； 增邑，通前七萬戶。
Yuan Hao seized Yingyang; hearing the emperor had gone north, Tianmu crossed from Bigong Rampart and met him at Henei. Erzhu Rong, finding the heat fierce, wished to withdraw; Tianmu insisted and Rong yielded. When Xiaozhuang returned to the palace Tianmu was made Grand Preceptor with feather canopy and martial pipes; his fief rose to seventy thousand households in all.
46
天穆以疏屬，本無德望，憑藉尒朱，爵位隆極，當時燻灼，朝野傾悚，王公已下每旦盈門，受納財貨，珍寶充積。 而寬柔容物，不甚見疾於時。 莊帝以其榮黨，外示寵敬，詔天穆乘車馬出入大司馬門。 天穆與榮相倚，情寄特甚。 榮常以兄禮事之，而尒朱世隆等雖榮子姪，位遇已重，畏憚天穆，俯仰承迎。 天穆曾言世隆之失，榮即加杖，其相親任如此。 莊帝內畏惡之，與榮同時見殺。 前廢帝初，贈丞相、柱國大將軍、雍州刺史，假黃鉞，諡曰武昭。
A distant kinsman without standing, he rode the Erzhu to the summit of rank; court and country trembled; kings and dukes packed his gate each dawn with gifts until treasures piled high. Yet he was broad and easy with people and not much hated. Xiaozhuang, because he was Rong's man, showed outward favor and let him pass the Great Sima Gate by carriage or horse. He and Rong leaned on each other with uncommon trust. Rong treated him as an elder brother; Shilong and the other Erzhu nephews, though already grandees, feared Tianmu and bowed to please him. Once Tianmu named Shilong's fault and Rong had Shilong beaten at once—such was their bond. The emperor feared and hated him inwardly; he was killed with Rong. At the Deposed Emperor's accession he was posthumously made Chancellor, pillar general, and regional inspector of Yongzhou, with the yellow battle-axe lent, posthumous name Martial-Splendid.
47
子儼，襲，美才貌。 位都官尚書。 及齊受禪，聞敕召，假病，遂怖而卒。
His son Yi inherited—talented and handsome. He was Director of the Ministry of Justice. When Qi received the mandate he heard the summons, feigned illness, and died of fear.
48
西河公敦，平文帝之曾孫也。 太祖初，從征，被堅執銳，名冠諸將。 後從征中山，所向無前。 太宗時，拜中都大官。 世祖時，進爵西河公，寵遇彌篤。 卒，子撥襲。
Duke of Xihe Dun was a great-grandson of Emperor Pingwen. At the start of Taizu's wars he followed on campaign in hard mail with a sharp edge, first among the generals. Later, campaigning against Zhongshan, none could stand before him. Under Emperor Taizong he was made Grand Palace Steward of the Center. Under Emperor Shizu he was advanced to Duke of Xihe and favored still more. He died; his son Bo inherited.
49
司徒石，平文帝之玄孫也。 忠勇有膽略，尤善騎射。 從世祖南討，至瓜步。 位尚書令，雍州刺史。 歷比部侍郎、華州刺史，[10]累遷征南大將軍。 卒，贈司徒公。
Minister of Works Shi was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Pingwen. Loyal, brave, and resourceful, especially skilled at mounted archery. He followed Shizu south as far as Guabu. He was Director of the Masters of Writing and regional inspector of Yongzhou. He served as vice director of the Ministry of Revenue and regional inspector of Hua, [10] and rose to General Who Conquers the South. He died and was posthumously made Duke of Works.
50
武衞將軍謂，烈帝之第四子也。 寬雅有將略，常從太祖征討有功，除武衞將軍。 後謝老歸家，顯祖善禮遇之，賜几杖服物，致膳於第。 卒，賜祕器。
General of the Martial Guard Wei was the fourth son of Emperor Lie. Broad and refined, with real military grasp, he followed Taizu on campaign with merit and was made General of the Martial Guard. Later he retired; Emperor Xianzu honored him with couch, staff, robes, and meals sent to his house. He died and was granted secret burial goods.
51
子烏真，膂力絕人。 隨太祖征伐，屢有戰功，官至鉅鹿太守。
His son Wuzhen had strength beyond other men. Following Taizu he won repeated battle merit and rose to administrator of Julu.
52
子興都，聰敏剛毅。 高宗時，為河間太守，賜爵樂城子。 為政嚴猛，百姓憚之。 顯祖初，以子丕貴重，進爵樂城侯。 謝老歸家，顯祖益禮之，賜几杖服物，致膳於第。 其妻婁氏，為東陽王太妃。 卒，追贈定州刺史、河間公，諡曰宣。
His son Xingdu was clever, keen, and hard. Under Emperor Gaozong he governed Hejian and was made Viscount of Lecheng. He ruled sternly and the people feared him. When Xianzu came to the throne, because his son Pi was eminent, he was advanced to Marquis of Lecheng. He retired again; Xianzu honored him further with couch, staff, robes, and meals at his house. His wife Lady Lou was consort-dowager to the Prince of Dongyang. At his death he was posthumously made regional inspector of Dingzhou and Duke of Hejian, posthumous name Xuan.
53
子提，襲父侯爵。
His son Ti inherited the marquisate.
54
提弟丕，世祖擢拜羽林中郎。 從駕臨江，賜爵興平子。 顯祖即位，累遷侍中。 丞相乙渾謀反，丕以奏聞。 詔丕帥元賀、牛益得收渾，誅之，遷尚書令，改封東陽公。
Ti's younger brother Pi was promoted by Shizu to Gentleman of the Feathered Forest. On the river campaign he was granted the viscounty of Xingping. When Xianzu took the throne he rose in succession to Attendant-in-Ordinary. When Chancellor Yi Hun plotted treason, Pi reported it. An edict had Pi lead Yuan He and Niu Yide to seize and kill Hun; he became Director of the Masters of Writing and Duke of Dongyang.
55
高祖時，封東陽王，拜侍中、司徒公。 時有諸疑事三百餘條，敕丕制決，率皆平允。 丕子超生，車駕親幸其第，特加賞賜。 以執心不二，詔賜丕入八議，傳示子孫，犯至百，聽責數恕之； 放其同籍丁口雜使役調，永受復除； [11]若有姦邪人方便讒毀者，即加斬戮。 尋遷太尉、錄尚書事。 時淮南王他、淮陽王尉元、河東王苟頹並以舊老見禮，每有大事，引入禁中，乘步挽，杖于朝，進退相隨。 丕、他、元三人，皆容貌壯偉，腰帶十圍，大耳秀眉，鬚鬢斑白，百僚觀瞻，莫不祗聳。 唯苟頹小為短劣，姿望亦不逮之。 高祖、文明太后重年敬舊，存問周渥，賜以珍寶。 丕聲氣高朗，博記國事，饗讌之際，恒居坐端，必抗音大言，敍列既往成敗。 帝后敬納焉。 然諂事要人，驕侮輕賤，每見王叡、苻承祖，常傾身下之。
Under Gaozu he was made Prince of Dongyang, Attendant-in-Ordinary, and Duke of Works. More than three hundred doubtful cases were sent to him to decide; his judgments were mostly fair. When Pi's son Chao was born the emperor visited his house with special gifts. For undivided loyalty an edict granted Pi the Eight Pardons for his line: crimes up to a hundred lashes might be rebuked and forgiven; males of his household were forever freed from corvée and tax labor; [11] anyone who slandered him by trickery was to be beheaded at once. Soon he was made Grand Commandant and recorder of Masters of Writing affairs. Prince of Huainan Ta, Prince of Huaiyang Wei Yuan, and Prince of Hedong Gou Ti were honored as elders; on great affairs they entered the palace in hand-drawn carriages with staffs at court, moving together. Pi, Ta, and Yuan were imposing men—belts ten spans round, large ears, fine brows, grizzled beards; officials looked on in awe. Only Gou Ti was shorter; his looks did not match. Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming honored age with frequent visits and rich gifts. Pi spoke in a high, clear voice and remembered state affairs; at banquets he sat at the head and recounted past victories and defeats in a ringing voice. The emperor and empress listened with respect. Yet he flattered the powerful and despised the lowly; before Wang Rui or Fu Chengzu he bent low.
56
時文明太后為王叡造宅，故亦為丕造甲第。 第成，帝后親幸之，率百官文武饗落焉。 使尚書令王叡宣詔，賜丕金印一紐。 太后親造勸戒歌辭以賜羣官，丕上疏贊謝。 太后令曰：「臣哉隣哉，隣哉臣哉。 君則亡逸於上，臣則履冰於下。 若能如此，太平豈難致乎？」 及丕妻段氏卒，諡曰恭妃。 又特賜丕金券。
Wenming built a mansion for Wang Rui and likewise a first-rank house for Pi. When it was finished the emperor and empress visited and feasted the civil and military officials there. Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Rui proclaimed an edict granting Pi one golden seal-cord. The empress dowager composed admonitory songs for the officials; Pi thanked her in a memorial. The empress dowager said, "Ministers, neighbors! Neighbors, ministers! The ruler must not idle above; ministers must walk on ice below. If you can be thus, how hard is peace to win?" When Pi's wife Lady Duan died she received the posthumous title Consort Gong. Pi was also specially granted a golden tally.
57
高祖、文明太后引見公卿於皇信堂，太后曰：「今京師旱儉，欲聽飢貧之人出關逐食。 如欲給過所，恐稽延時日，不救災窘，若任其外出，復慮姦良難辨。 卿等可議其所宜。」 丕議：「諸曹下大夫以上，人各將二吏，別掌給過所，州郡亦然，不過三日，給之便訖，有何難也？」 高祖從之，四日而訖。 丕請立東宮，詔曰：「年尚幼小，有何急之？」 丕曰：「臣年在西夕，思觀盛禮，於臣實急。」 不許。 後例降王爵，封平陽郡公。 求致任，詔不許。
Gaozu and Wenming received the ministers in the Hall of Imperial Trust; the empress dowager said, "The capital suffers drought and dearth; I wish to let the hungry poor leave the passes to seek food. Travel permits may cost days we do not have; free departure may mix honest folk with rogues. Debate what is fitting." Pi said: "Let every Masters of Writing gentleman from junior clerk up take two clerks each to issue permits; let commanderies and counties do the same—in three days it would be done. What difficulty?" Gaozu agreed; in four days it was finished. Pi asked to establish the crown prince; the edict answered, "He is still young—what hurry?" Pi said, "My years stand in the western dusk; I long to see the great rite—for me it is urgent." Permission was refused. Later, by precedent, his princely rank was reduced to Duke of Pingyang commandery. He asked to resign; the edict refused.
58
及車駕南伐，丕與廣陵王羽留守京師，並加使持節。 詔丕、羽曰：「留守非賢莫可。 太尉年尊德重，位總阿衡； 羽朕之懿弟，溫柔明斷。 故使二人留守京邑，授以二節，賞罰在手。 其祗允成憲，以稱朕心。」 丕對曰：「謹以死奉詔。」 羽對曰：「太尉宜專節度，臣但可副貳而已。」 高祖曰：「老者之智，少者之決，何得辭也。」 及高祖還代，丕請作歌，詔許之。 歌訖，高祖曰：「公傾朕還車，故親歌述志。 今經構既有次第，故暫還舊京，願後時亦同茲適。」
When the emperor marched south, Pi and Prince of Guangling Yu guarded the capital, both with credential-bearing authority. The edict to Pi and Yu said, "Only the worthy can guard the capital. The Grand Commandant is old and weighty in virtue, his post the pivot of government; Yu is Our splendid younger brother—gentle, warm, clear, and decisive. We send these two to guard the capital with two credentials and reward and punishment in hand. Fulfill the statutes faithfully to match Our heart." Pi answered, "I will obey unto death." Yu answered, "The Grand Commandant should command alone; I can only assist." Gaozu said, "The old have wisdom, the young decision—how can you decline?" When Gaozu returned to Dai, Pi asked to compose a song and was permitted. When the song was done Gaozu said, "You bent Our returning carriage, so We sang Our intent in person. Construction has its order; We return for a time to the old capital—may later days share this joy."
59
及高祖欲遷都，臨太極殿，引見留守之官大議。 乃詔丕等，如有所懷，各陳其志。 燕州刺史穆羆進曰：「移都事大，如臣愚見，謂為未可。」 高祖曰：「卿便言不可之理。」 羆曰：「北有獫狁之寇，南有荊揚未賓，西有吐谷渾之阻，東有高句麗之難。 四方未平，九區未定。 以此推之，謂為不可。 征伐之舉，要須戎馬，如其無馬，事不可克。」 高祖曰：「卿言無馬，此理粗可。 馬常出北方，廄在此置，卿何慮無馬？ 今代在恒山之北，為九州之外，以是之故，遷于中原。」 羆曰：「臣聞黃帝都涿鹿。 以此言之，古昔聖王不必悉居中原。」 高祖曰：「黃帝以天下未定，居于涿鹿，既定之後，亦遷于河南。」 尚書于果曰：[12]「臣誠不識古事，如聞百姓之言，先皇建都於此，無何欲移，以為不可。 中原其如是所由擬。 [13]數有篡奪。 自建邑平城以來，與天地並固，日月齊明。 臣雖管見膚淺，性不昭達，終不以恒代之地，而擬伊洛之美。 但以安土重遷，物之常性，一旦南移，懼不樂也。」 丕曰：「陛下去歲親御六軍討蕭氏，至洛，遣任城王澄宣旨，敕臣等議都洛。 初奉恩旨，心情惶越。 凡欲遷移，當訊之卜筮，審定吉否，然後可。」 高祖謂丕曰：「往在鄴中，司徒公誕、咸陽王禧、尚書李沖等皆欲請龜占移洛吉凶之事。 朕時謂誕等曰，昔周邵卜宅伊洛，乃識至兆。 今無若斯之人，卜亦無益。 然卜者所以決疑，此既不疑，何須卜也。 昔軒轅卜兆龜焦，卜者請訪諸賢哲，軒轅乃問天老，天老謂為善。 遂從其言，終致昌吉。 然則至人之量未然，審於龜矣。 朕既以四海為家，或南或北，遲速無常。 南移之民，朕自多積倉儲，不令窘乏。」 丕曰：「臣仰奉慈詔，不勝喜舞。」 高祖詔羣官曰：「卿等或以朕無為移徙也。 昔平文皇帝棄背率土，昭成營居盛樂； 太祖道武皇帝神武應天，遷居平城。 朕雖虛寡，幸屬勝殘之運，故移宅中原，肇成皇宇。 卿等當奉先君令德，光迹洪規。」 前懷州刺史青龍，前秦州刺史呂受恩等仍守愚固，帝皆撫而答之，辭屈而退。
When Gaozu wished to move the capital he came to the Hall of Supreme Ultimate, summoned the guard officers, and held great debate. He ordered Pi and the others each to speak his mind. Regional Inspector of Yanzhou Mu Ba said, "Moving the capital is great; in my foolish view it cannot yet be done." Gaozu said, "Speak the reasons it cannot be done." Ba said, "North are Xianyun raiders; south Jing and Yang are unsubmitted; west Tuyuhun blocks; east Koguryo is hard. The four quarters are not pacified; the nine regions unsettled. From this I infer it cannot be done. Campaigns need war-horses; without horses nothing succeeds." Gaozu said, "Your point about horses is roughly acceptable. Horses come from the north; the stud is here—why fear there will be none? Dai lies north of Mount Heng, outside the Nine Provinces; for that We move to the central plain." Ba said, "I hear the Yellow Emperor's capital was Zhuolu. So ancient sage kings did not all dwell in the central plain." Gaozu said, "The Yellow Emperor dwelt at Zhuolu while the realm was unsettled; once settled he moved to Henan." Director of the Masters of Writing Yu Guo said: [12] "I truly do not know antiquity; as the people say, the late emperor built here—to move suddenly they think cannot be done. The central plain is what they imagine it to be. [13] There have been many usurpations. Since Pingcheng was founded it has stood firm as heaven and earth, bright as sun and moon. My shallow sight would never compare Heng and Dai to the beauty of Yiluo. Yet honoring the soil and dreading migration are human nature; move south in a day and I fear they will not rejoice." Pi said, "Last year Your Majesty led the Six Armies against the Xiao house to Luoyang; Prince of Renyang Cheng ordered us to debate moving the capital to Luo. When I first received the command my heart was anxious. Any migration should ask the milfoil and tortoise and fix fortune or ill fortune—only then act." Gaozu said to Pi, "At Ye, Dan Duke of Works, Xi Prince of Xianyang, and Li Chong all wished to divine moving to Luo. I told them that in antiquity the Duke of Zhou divined Yiluo and knew the utmost omen. Now there is no one like him; divination is useless. Divination resolves doubt; here there is no doubt—why divine? When Xuanyuan divined, the tortoise scorched; the diviner asked the wise; Xuanyuan asked Tian Lao, who said it was good. He followed that and attained prosperity. The utmost man's measure is not yet settled, yet clearer than tortoise shells. I have made the four seas my home; south or north, slow or fast—no fixed rule. For those who move south I will pile storehouses so they do not suffer want." Pi said, "I received the gracious command and cannot contain my joy." Gaozu told the officials, "Some of you think I will not move. Emperor Pingwen turned his back on the realm; Emperor Zhaocheng built at Shengle; Taizu Daowu by divine martiality answered Heaven and moved to Pingcheng. I, though empty and few, have fortune in an age that conquers the cruel; therefore I move to the central plain and begin the imperial realm. You should carry forward our forebears' virtue and magnify their grand example." Former governors Qinglong of Huaizhou and Lü Shouen of Qinzhou still held obstinately to the old view; the emperor answered each with reassurance until they were silenced and withdrew.
60
帝又將北巡，丕遷太傅、錄尚書事。 頻表固讓，詔斷表啟，就家拜授。 及車駕發代，丕留守，詔曰：「中原始構，須朕營視，在代之事，一委太傅。」 賜上所乘車馬，往來府省。
When the emperor prepared another northern tour, Pi was appointed Grand Tutor and put in charge of the secretariat. Pi memorialized again and again to refuse; the court forbade further petitions and invested him at his residence. As the emperor left Dai, Pi stayed behind. The edict ran: "The heartland is still being built and requires my attention; everything in Dai is left to the Grand Tutor." He was granted the ruler's own carriage and horses for travel to and from the ministries.
61
丕雅愛本風，不達新式，至於變俗遷洛，改官制服，禁絕舊言，皆所不願。 高祖知其如此，亦不逼之，但誘示大理，令其不生同異。 至於衣冕已行，朱服列位，而丕猶常服列在坐隅。 晚乃稍加弁帶，而不能修飾容儀。 高祖以丕年衰體重，亦不強責。 及罷降非太祖子孫及異姓王者，雖較於公爵，而利享封邑，亦不快。 〈疑〉 [14]
Pi clung to the northern ways and resisted the new order: sinicizing custom, moving the capital to Luoyang, changing offices and dress, and forbidding the old tongue—all of it displeased him. Gaozu understood this and did not force him, only setting out the larger rationale so he would not stir opposition. Though court robes and scarlet ranks were already in use, Pi still sat in plain dress off to the side. Only later did he add cap and belt a little, yet he never managed a polished appearance. Gaozu, seeing Pi's age and bulk, did not insist. When kings who were not Taizu's descendants or of other surnames were demoted, though cut to ducal rank they still kept fief income—Pi was unhappy even with that. 〈Passage marked doubtful.〉 The text is deficient.
62
高祖南征，丕表乞少留，思更圖後舉。 會司徒馮誕薨，詔六軍反斾。 丕又以熙薨于代都，表求鑾駕親臨。 詔曰：「今洛邑肇構，跂望成勞，開闢暨今，豈有以天子之重，遠赴舅國之喪？ 朕縱欲為孝，其如大孝何？ 縱欲為義，其如大義何？ 天下至重，君臣道懸，豈宜苟相誘引，陷君不德。 令、僕已下可付法官貶之。」 又詔以丕為都督，領并州刺史。 後詔以平陽畿甸，改封新興公。
During Gaozu's southern campaign Pi asked leave to stay behind awhile, intending to try again later. When Minister Feng Dan died, an edict recalled the six armies. Pi also memorialized that Feng Xi had died at Dai and begged the emperor to come in person. The reply said: "Luoyang is only now rising; the realm waits on that labor. Since the founding, when has a Son of Heaven gone far away for a maternal uncle's mourning? Even if I wished private filial piety, what of the greater filial duty to the realm? Even if I wished private righteousness, what of the greater righteousness owed the state? The empire outweighs all else; ruler and minister stand far apart—how can you coax the throne into discreditable conduct? The Director, Vice Director, and their subordinates are to be referred to the judges for censure." He was also made area commander and given Bingzhou. Later, because Pingyang lay in the metropolitan belt, he was re-enfeoffed as Duke of Xinxing.
63
初，李沖又德望所屬，既當時貴要，有杖情，[15]遂與子超娶沖兄女，即伯尚妹也。 丕前妻子隆同產數人，皆與別居。 後得宮人，所生同宅共產。 父子情因此偏。
Li Chong had long stood for integrity and was then among the great men at court. Pi leaned on that tie [15] and had his son Chao marry Chong's niece, the sister of Bo Shang. Long and the other sons of Pi's first wife each kept separate households. Later palace women bore him children who lived together under one roof and shared the estate. Affection between father and sons was thereby skewed.
64
丕父子大意不樂遷洛。 高祖之發平城，太子恂留於舊京，及將還洛，隆與超等密謀留恂，因舉兵斷關，規據陘北。 時丕以老居并州，雖不預其始計，而隆、超咸以告丕。 丕外慮不成，口雖致難，心頗然之。 及高祖幸平城，推穆泰等首謀，隆兄弟並是黨。 丕亦隨駕至平城，每於測問，令丕坐觀。 隆、超與元業等兄弟並以謀逆伏誅。 有司奏處孥戮，詔以丕應連坐，但以先許不死之詔，躬非染逆之身，聽免死，仍為太原百姓，其後妻二子聽隨。 隆、超母弟及餘庶兄弟，皆徙敦煌。 丕時年垂八十，猶自平城力載，隨駕至洛陽。 高祖每遣左右慰勉之，乃還晉陽。
Pi and his sons were deeply unhappy about the transfer to Luoyang. When Gaozu left Pingcheng, Crown Prince Xun stayed in the old capital; on the return to Luoyang, Long and Chao plotted to detain Xun, cut the passes by force, and hold the region north of Xiao. Pi was aged and in Bingzhou and had not joined the first design, but Long and Chao both informed him. Outwardly he doubted success and spoke against it, yet inwardly he inclined to agree. When Gaozu reached Pingcheng and fixed on Mu Tai and the rest as ringleaders, the Long brothers were counted among the party. Pi followed the court to Pingcheng and was made to sit by while each interrogation proceeded. Long, Chao, and the Yuan Ye brothers were all put to death for treason. The court proposed exterminating their kin; an edict held Pi liable yet, citing the earlier pledge of life and his lack of direct guilt, spared him for commoner status in Taiyuan, letting his later wife and two sons accompany him. The uterine brothers of Long and Chao and the other collateral kin were exiled to Dunhuang. Though nearly eighty, Pi still carried his own baggage from Pingcheng and followed the court to Luoyang. Gaozu sent attendants again and again to console him before he went back to Jinyang.
65
高祖崩，丕自并州來赴，世宗引見之。 以丕舊老，禮有加焉。 尋敕留洛陽。 後宴于華林都亭，特令二子扶侍坐起。 丕仕歷六世，垂七十年，位極公輔，而還為民庶，然猶心戀京邑，不能自絕人事。 尋詔以丕為三老。 景明四年薨，年八十二。 詔贈左光祿大夫、冀州刺史，諡曰平。
After Gaozu's death Pi came from Bingzhou to mourn; Xuanwu granted him an audience. As a survivor of the old court, he was shown added respect. He was soon ordered to stay in Luoyang. Later, at a feast in the Hualin Pavilion, two sons were specially assigned to help him sit and stand. He had served six reigns for nearly seventy years, risen to chief minister, then fallen to commoner rank, yet still clung to the capital and could not withdraw from the world. He was soon named one of the Three Elders. He died in Jingming year 4 at eighty-two. The court posthumously made him Left Grand Master of Splendid Service and inspector of Jizhou, with the posthumous name Ping.
66
長子隆，先以反誅。 隆弟乙升、超，亦同誅。 超弟儁、邕，並有軍功。 儁封新安縣男，邕封涇縣男。
His eldest son Long had already been executed for rebellion. Long's brothers Yisheng and Chao were executed with him. Chao's younger brothers Jun and Yong both won distinction in war. Jun was made Baron of Xin'an; Yong, Baron of Jing.
67
淮陵侯大頭，烈帝之曾孫也。 善騎射，擢為內三郎。 從世祖有戰功，賜爵。 高宗初，封淮陵。 性謹密，帝甚重之。 位寧北將軍，遷右將軍。 卒，贈高平公，諡曰烈。
Datou, Marquis of Huailing, was a great-grandson of Emperor Lie. Skilled in mounted archery, he rose to Inner Third-Rank Gentleman. He followed Taiwu in campaigns, earned merit, and received a noble title. At Wencheng's accession he was enfeoffed at Huailing. Careful and discreet by nature, he was greatly esteemed at court. He rose to General Who Pacifies the North, then Right General. At death he was posthumously made Duke of Gaoping with the posthumous name Lie.
68
河間公齊，烈帝之玄孫也。 少雄傑魁岸，世祖愛其勇壯，引侍左右。 從征赫連昌，世祖馬蹶，賊眾逼帝，齊以身蔽捍，決死擊賊，賊乃退，世祖得上馬。 是日微齊，世祖幾至危殆。 世祖以微服入其城，齊固諫，不許，乃與數人從世祖入。 城內既覺，諸門悉閉。 世祖及齊等因入其宮中，得婦人裙，繫之槊上，世祖乘而上，因此得拔，齊有力焉。 賜爵浮陽侯。 從征和龍，以功拜尚書，進爵為公。 後與新興王俊討禿髮保周，坐事免官爵。
Qi, Duke of Hejian, was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Lie. As a youth he was towering and bold; Taiwu admired his valor and kept him close. In the campaign against Helian Chang the emperor's mount stumbled and the foe closed in; Qi covered him bodily, fought as if to die, drove the enemy back, and the emperor remounted. That day, without Qi, the emperor would almost have perished. When the emperor entered the city in disguise, Qi protested in vain and followed in with a few men. The city soon discovered them and every gate was shut. They entered the palace, took a woman's skirt, lashed it to a spear, and the emperor climbed out on it—Qi had the strength for that escape. He was enfeoffed Marquis of Fuyang. On the Helong campaign he was made Master of Writing for merit and raised to duke. Later, campaigning with Prince Jun of Xinxing against Tufa Baozhou, he lost office and rank for an offense.
69
劉義隆將裴方明陷仇池，世祖復授齊前將軍，與建興公古弼討之，遂克仇池，威振羌氐。 復賜爵河間公，與武都王楊保宗對鎮駱谷。 時保宗弟文德說保宗閉險自固。 有期矣，秦州主簿邊因知之，密告齊。 齊晨詣保宗，呼曰：「古弼至，欲宣詔。」 保宗出，齊叱左右扶保宗上馬，馳驛送臺。 諸氐遂推文德為主，求援於劉義隆。 義隆遣將房亮之、苻昭、啖龍等率眾助文德。 齊擊斬殺龍，擒亮之。 氐遂平。 以功拜內都大官。 卒，諡曰敬。
When Liu Yilong's general Pei Fangming seized Chouchi, Taiwu again made Qi Forward General; with Gu Bibie, Duke of Jianxing, he recovered Chouchi and overawed the Qiang and Di. He was again made Duke of Hejian and, with Yang Baozong, Prince of Wudu, jointly held Luogu. Then Baozong's brother Wende urged him to close the defiles and stand on his own. A date was fixed; Bian Yin, registrar of Qinzhou, learned of it and secretly told Qi. At dawn Qi went to Baozong and shouted: "Gu Bibie is here to proclaim the edict." Baozong came out; Qi had his men seize him, mount him, and post him to the capital. The Di thereupon set up Wende and asked Liu Yilong for help. Yilong sent Fang Liangzhi, Fu Zhao, Tan Long, and others to support Wende. Qi attacked, killed Tan Long, and captured Fang Liangzhi. The Di were pacified. For this merit he was made Grand Inner Steward. At death his posthumous name was Jing.
70
長子陵，襲爵。 陵性抗直，天安初，為乙渾所害。
His eldest son Ling succeeded to the title. Ling was blunt and unyielding; in Tian'an year 1 Yihun killed him.
71
陵弟蘭，以忠謹見寵。 高祖初，賜爵建陽子。 卒於武川鎮將。
Ling's brother Lan won favor for loyalty and care. At Gaozu's accession he was made Viscount of Jianyang. He died while commanding Wuchuan garrison.
72
子志，字猛略。 少清辯強幹，歷覽書傳，頗有文才。 為洛陽令，不避強禦，與御史中尉李彪爭路，俱入見，面陳得失。 彪言，御史中尉避承華車蓋，駐論道劍鼓，安有洛陽縣令與臣抗衡。 志言神鄉縣主，普天之下誰不編戶，豈有俯同眾官，避中尉？ [16]高祖曰：「洛陽我之豐沛，自應分路揚鑣。 自今以後，可分路而行。」 及出，與彪折尺量道，各取其半。 高祖謂邢巒曰：「此兒竟可，所謂王孫公子，不鏤自雕。」 巒曰：「露枝霜條，故多勁節，非鸞則鳳，其在本枝也。」 員外郎馮俊，昭儀之弟，恃勢恣撾所部里正。 志令主吏收繫，處刑除官。 由此忤旨，左遷太尉主簿。 俄為從事中郎。
His son Zhi, styled Menglue. In youth he was sharp in debate and forceful in action, widely read, and gifted in letters. As Luoyang magistrate he did not yield to the mighty; he quarreled over the road with Censor-in-Chief Li Biao, and both went in to argue their case before the throne. Biao said: "The censor-in-chief yields to the Chengua canopy and halts for the imperial sword-and-drum procession—how can a county magistrate stand against a minister?" Zhi replied: "I govern the sacred capital; who under heaven is not a registered subject—why should I bow like other officials to the censor-in-chief?" [16] Gaozu said: "Luoyang is my Feng and Pei; of course our roads should diverge. Henceforth you may each keep to your own side of the road." Outside, he and Biao measured the street with a folding rule and each took half. Gaozu told Xing Luan: "The lad has spirit—a true prince's son who needs no chasing to gleam." Luan said: "Frosted boughs bear stout joints; phoenix or simurgh, they belong on the parent stem." Feng Jun, an outer-office attendant and brother of Lady Zhaoyi, bullied the village heads in his district at will. Zhi had the chief clerk seize him, punished him, and struck him from office. This offended the throne and he was demoted to secretary under the Grand Commandant. He was soon made Attendant Gentleman.
73
車駕南征，高祖微服觀戰所，有箭欲犯帝，志以身障之，高祖便得免。 矢中志目，因此一目喪明。 以志行恒州事。 世宗時，除荊州刺史，還朝，御史中尉王顯奏志在州日，抑買良人為婢，兼剩請供。 會赦免。 肅宗初，兼廷尉卿。 後除揚州刺史，賜爵建忠伯。 志在州威名雖減李崇，亦為荊楚所憚。 尋為雍州刺史。
On the southern campaign Gaozu went in disguise to watch the fighting; as an arrow was about to strike him, Zhi covered him with his body and the emperor was spared. The shaft struck Zhi's eye, and he lost sight in it. He was ordered to govern Hengzhou. Under Xuanwu he became inspector of Jingzhou; back at court, Censor Wang Xian charged that in the province he had forced free people into bondage as maidservants and skimmed supplies. An amnesty cleared him. At Xiaozong's accession he also served as Minister of Justice. He was later made inspector of Yangzhou and enfeoffed Baron of Jianzhong. In office his name, though below Li Chong's, still awed Jing and Chu. He was soon transferred to Yongzhou.
74
晚年躭好聲伎，在揚州日，侍側將百人，器服珍麗，冠於一時。 及在雍州，逾尚華侈，聚斂無極，聲名遂損。
In old age he doted on music and players; at Yangzhou nearly a hundred attendants stood by him, with gear and dress unrivaled in splendor. At Yongzhou he grew still more extravagant, extorted without end, and his repute collapsed.
75
及莫折念生反，詔志為西征都督討之。 念生遣其弟天生屯隴口，[17]與志相持。 為賊所乘，遂棄大眾奔還岐州。 賊遂攻城。 刺史裴芬之疑城人與賊潛通，將盡出之，志不聽。 城人果開門引賊，鎖志及芬之送念生，見害。 前廢帝初，贈尚書僕射、太保。
When Moqi Niansheng rose, Zhi was ordered west as campaign commander to crush him. Niansheng sent his brother Tiansheng to hold Longkou [17] and face Zhi. Outmaneuvered, he abandoned the main army and fled to Qizhou. The rebels then laid siege. Inspector Pei Fenzhi suspected the citizens of colluding with the enemy and meant to expel them all; Zhi refused. The people opened the gates to the rebels, chained Zhi and Fenzhi, sent them to Niansheng, and they were killed. Under the Deposed Emperor he was posthumously made Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Grand Guardian.
76
扶風公處真，烈帝之後也。 少以壯烈聞。 位殿中尚書，賜爵扶風公，委以大政，甚見尊禮。 吐京胡曹僕渾等叛，招引朔方胡為援。 處真與高涼王那等討滅之。 性貪婪，在軍烈暴，坐事伏法。
Chuzhen, Duke of Fufeng, was descended from Emperor Lie. As a youth he was famed for boldness. He rose to Director of the Palace Secretariat, was made Duke of Fufeng, entrusted with major policy, and treated with high honor. The Tujing Hu under Cao Puhun rebelled and summoned Shuofang Hu allies. Chuzhen, with Prince Na of Gaoliang and others, crushed them. Greedy by nature and brutal in the field, he was executed for an offense.
77
文安公泥，國之疏族也。 性忠直壯烈，有智畫。 太祖厚遇之，賜爵文安公，拜安東將軍。 卒。
Ni, Duke of Wen'an, was a collateral of the house. He was loyal, blunt, and bold, and skilled in planning. Daowu favored him, made him Duke of Wen'an, and appointed him General Who Pacifies the East. He passed away.
78
子屈，襲爵。 太宗時居門下，出納詔命。 性明敏，善奏事，每合上旨，賜爵元城侯，加功勞將軍，與南平公長孫嵩、白馬侯崔玄伯等並決獄訟。 太宗東巡，命屈行右丞相，山陽侯奚斤行左丞相，命掌軍國，甚有聲譽。 後吐京胡與離石胡出以兵等叛，[18]置立將校，外引赫連屈丐。 屈督會稽公劉潔、永安侯魏勤捍之，勤沒於陳，潔墜馬，胡執送屈丐，唯屈眾猶存。 太宗以屈沒失二將，欲斬之。 時并州刺史元六頭荒淫怠事，乃赦屈令攝州事。 屈縱酒，頗廢政事，太宗積其前後失，檻車徵還，斬於市。
His son Qu succeeded. Under Mingyuan he served at the Gate Department, handling edicts in and out. Clever and quick in memorials, he always hit the mark; he was made Marquis of Yuancheng and General of Meritorious Service, and with Changgun Song of Nanping, Cui Xuanbo of Baima, and others judged legal cases. On Mingyuan's eastern tour Qu served as Right Chancellor and Xi Jin of Shanyang as Left, in charge of army and state, and won great repute. Later the Tujing and Lishi Hu under Chu Yibing and others rebelled [18], appointed officers, and called in Helian Qubing. Qu led Liu Ji of Kuaiji and Wei Qin of Yong'an to resist; Qin died in the ranks, Ji fell and was taken to Qubing, and only Qu's troops were left. Mingyuan, angry that Qu had lost two generals, meant to kill him. Bingzhou inspector Yuan Liutou was dissolute and slack, so Qu was spared and told to take over the province. Qu drank heavily and neglected rule; Mingyuan, weighing old and new faults, had him caged back to the capital and beheaded in the market.
79
子磨渾，少為太宗所知。 元紹之逆也，太宗潛隱於外，磨渾與叔孫俊詐云太宗所在。 紹使帳下二人隨磨渾往，規為逆。 磨渾既得出，便縛帳下詣太宗斬之。 太宗得磨渾，大喜，因為羽翼。 以勳賜爵長沙公，拜尚書，出為定州刺史。 卒。
His son Mohun had been known to Mingyuan since boyhood. In Yuan Shao's revolt Mingyuan hid outside; Mohun and Shusun Jun feigned knowledge of his whereabouts. Shao sent two tent guards after Mohun to plot treason. Mohun got out, bound the guards, brought them to Mingyuan, and they were killed. Mingyuan rejoiced to have Mohun and made him a close ally. For merit he was made Duke of Changsha and Master of Writing, then sent out as inspector of Dingzhou. He passed away.
80
校勘記
Textual notes
81
魏書卷十四諸本目錄此卷注「闕」，百衲本、南本、汲本、局本卷末有宋人校語云：「魏收書神元平文諸帝子孫列傳亡，後人補以北史，又取高氏小史附益之。 後卷魏收舊史亡者皆放此。」 殿本考證云：「魏收書亡，後人所補」。
Wei shu juan 14: Several editions mark this scroll deficient in their tables of contents. Baipu, Nan, Ji, and Ju copies carry a Song note at the juan's end: the Shenyuan and Pingwen descendants chapters of Wei Shou are missing; later editors patched them from Beishi and padded them with Gaoshi xiaoshi. Later volumes with lacunae in Wei Shou's original follow the same rule. The Dian edition's Kaozheng says: "Wei Shou's text is gone; what follows is later supplementation."
82
今方隔山冊府卷二七一 〈三二一四頁〉 「山」下有「河」字。 按文義當有此字。
Now the mountains lie between. Cefu juan 271 〈folio 3214〉 The graph for "river" appears below "mountain." Note: The sense requires that character.
83
遂廣募空車從京出者諸本及北史卷一五「募」字空格，今據冊府卷六七八 〈八一００頁〉 補。
Then widely recruited empty carts leaving the capital. All editions and Beishi juan 15 leave the graph for "recruit" blank; it is supplied from Cefu juan 678 〈folio 8100〉 The reading is supplied.
84
至於公事不應送御史北史卷一五「送」上有「為」字，通志卷八０魏宗室傳「送」下有「名」字。 按「為送」不洽文義。 下文稱元順「不肯與名」，又云：「不宜下隸中尉，送名御史。」 當時所爭在於所謂「公事」即臣僚集會之事，是否開具名冊送御史臺，並非尚書省的「公事」都該送御史臺。 這裏「送」下當脫「名」字。
On whether public business should be sent to the censor: Beishi juan 15 has wei before "send"; Tongzhi juan 80 (Wei imperial clan) has ming after "send." Note: "Wei send" will not parse. Below, Yuan Shun "would not supply the names," and again: "They should not be subordinated to the censor-in-chief; the names should go to the censor." The fight was over whether "public business"—meetings of officials—required name lists to the Censorate, not whether every secretariat matter belonged there. Here ming is lost after "send."
85
又尋魏書崔琰傳晉文陽□傅嘏傳皆云既為中丞百僚震悚錢氏考異卷三八云：「按三國崔琰、傅嘏二傳，並不云為御史中丞。 『晉文陽』或疑『晉陽秋』之譌。 然嘏魏人，非晉人也。」 按此魏書當是王沈魏書。 「晉文陽」或是「晉陽秋」之訛，傅嘏雖魏人，和司馬氏關係很深，可能敍及他的事跡。
Again, Wei shu's Cui Yan and the Jin Wenyang□ life of Fu Jia both say that as censor-in-chief the hundred officials trembled. Qian Daxin, Kaoyi juan 38: "Note: Neither Three Kingdoms life makes them censor-in-chief. 'Jin Wenyang' may corrupt 'Jin Yangqiu.' Yet Jia was a Wei subject, not a Jin one. Note: The Wei shu meant here is Wang Shen's book. "Jin Wenyang" may stand for "Jin Yangqiu"; though Jia was Wei-born, his closeness to the Sima house may have put him in that work.
86
萇弟珍字金雀襲爵艾陵男諸本及北史卷十五「雀」訛「省」，今據墓誌集釋元珍墓誌 〈圖版四四〉 改。 又墓誌稱珍「胙土晉陽男」，不云襲艾陵男。 據上文珍父平傳，襲爵松滋侯，又以軍功賜艾陵男。 平死，長子萇襲松滋侯，其艾陵男爵當由珍襲封，故此傳云云。 據萇傳稱太和降爵，賜艾陵伯，當即在此時改封珍為晉陽男，故誌稱「胙土」，不云「襲爵」。 傳和誌互見，未必傳誤。 此類封爵、歷官、名字、諡號等史、誌不同的很多，凡不能斷定史誤者，今後不一一出校記。
Chang's brother Zhen, styled Jinque, inherited the barony of Ailing. All editions and Beishi juan 15 write que as sheng; the reading follows Yuan Zhen's epitaph in Muzhi jishi 〈plate 44〉 Corrected accordingly. The epitaph also calls Zhen enfeoffed at Jinyang, not heir to Ailing. Per the life of Zhen's father Ping above, he inherited Songzi and received Ailing for military merit. When Ping died, Chang took Songzi; Ailing should have passed to Zhen—hence the biography's wording. Chang's life says that at the Taihe demotion he received Ailing as earl—likely when Zhen was shifted to Jinyang baron, so the epitaph says "fief" rather than "inheritance." Life and epitaph complement each other; the biography need not be in error. Rank, office, name, and posthumous title often diverge between history and epitaph; where the history cannot be proved wrong, notes will not be repeated for every case.
87
幽州前北平府主簿河間邢杲通鑑卷一五二 〈四七五０頁〉 「北平」作「平北」。 按北平郡魏屬平州，不屬幽州，也不得稱「府」。 「平北」乃其時幽州刺史某人所帶的軍號，魏制，五品以上將軍開府置屬，有主簿。 這裏「北平」當是「平北」倒誤。
Youzhou, former registrar of Beiping prefecture, Xing Guo of Hejian. Zizhi tongjian juan 152 〈folio 4750〉 Beiping appears as Pingbei. Note: Beiping commandery belonged to Pingzhou, not Youzhou, and could not be styled a prefecture. "Pingbei" was the army title of a Youzhou inspector; under Wei rules, fifth-rank generals and above who opened offices had registrars. Here Beiping is a transposition for Pingbei.
88
會臺申汰簡所授郡縣諸本及北史卷一五此句作「會臺申休簡授郡縣」。 諸本下並注「疑」字。 通志卷八０如上摘句。 按「休簡授郡縣」不可解，「汰簡所授郡縣」即指汰簡以河北流民設置的僑置郡縣，其中就有原擬以邢杲充任太守的新安郡。 沒有簡去的河間郡又給了杲的從子子瑤，因此「杲深耻恨」。 觀前後文，通志是對的，今據改。
When the secretariat reported culling the granted commanderies and counties: all editions and Beishi juan 15 read "When the secretariat reported rest and simplification in granting commanderies and counties." All editions also mark "doubtful" below. Tongzhi juan 80 has the passage as quoted above. Note: "Rest and simplification in granting commanderies" is nonsense; "culling the granted commanderies and counties" means trimming the refugee prefectures set up for Hebei migrants, including Xin'an, first slated for Guo. When Hejian was not cut, it went to Guo's cousin Ziyao, hence Guo's deep shame and resentment. The context shows Tongzhi is right; the text is emended accordingly.
89
位尚書令雍州刺史歷比部侍郎華州刺史北史卷一五同。 按此傳簡略，疑有脫文。 卷六顯祖紀天安元年記「殿中尚書、鎮西大將軍西河公元石」救懸瓠。 其事又見於卷五六鄭羲傳、卷六一常珍奇傳，不應於石本傳不載。 且如紀所書，石爵為「西河公」。 此傳不云封爵，但稱「司徒」，亦見缺漏。
Offices held: Master of Writing, inspector of Yongzhou, and in turn Vice Director of Revenue and inspector of Huazhou. Beishi juan 15 agrees. Note: The life is abbreviated; text is likely missing. Juan 6 (Xianzu) records that in Tian'an year 1 "Director of the Palace Secretariat, Grand General Who Guards the West, Duke of Xihe Yuan Shi" relieved Xuanchi. The same affair appears in juan 56 (Zheng Yi) and juan 61 (Chang Zhenqi) and ought not be missing from Shi's life. Moreover the annals give Shi the rank Duke of Xihe. This life names no enfeoffment but only "Minister over the Masses"—another lacuna.
90
永受復除諸本「永」作「求」。 按這是元宏給予元丕的特權，並非元丕請求，「求」字不可通。 卷四四苟頹傳、卷九三王叡傳並見「永受復除」語，知這裏「求」乃「永」之訛，今改正。
"Permanently receive exemption from corvée": every edition writes yong (permanent) as qiu (seek). Note: Yuan Hong granted Yuan Pi this privilege; he did not request it, and qiu will not parse. Juan 44 (Gou Ti) and juan 93 (Wang Rui) both have "permanently receive exemption from corvée," proving qiu corrupts yong; corrected here.
91
尚書于果曰諸本「果」作「杲」，通鑑卷一三九 〈四三五二頁〉 作「果」。 按于果附本書卷三一、北史卷二三于栗磾傳。 通鑑是，今據改。
Master of Writing Yu Guo spoke: all editions write Guo as Gao; Zizhi tongjian juan 139 〈folio 4352〉 has Guo. Note: Yu Guo appears in this book juan 31 and Beishi juan 23 (Yu Lüpi). Tongjian is right; the text follows it.
92
中原其如是所由擬此句不可解，必有訛脫，通鑑卷一三九 〈四三五二頁〉 載于果語，無此句，當亦因不可解而刪去，知訛脫已久。
"The Central Plains are as this intends": the line will not parse and must be corrupt or lacunose. Zizhi tongjian juan 139 〈folio 4352〉 Guoyu preserves the passage but not this line; it was likely dropped because it could not be parsed, so the damage is longstanding.
93
雖較於公爵而利享封邑亦不快北本、殿本及北史卷一五「較」作「駮」。 按大意是說雖降封為公，而享受封邑之利，元丕却仍然不快。 但作「較」或「駮」都不易解，當有訛脫。
The clause "though matched against a duke's standing, the profit of a fief still brought no satisfaction" reads "compare" (jiao) as "refute" (bo) in the Northern and Palace editions and in Beishi juan 15. Note: The point is that even after reduction to duke and retention of fief income, Yuan Pi was still unhappy. Neither reading makes good sense; the line is corrupt or incomplete.
94
有杖情諸本「情」下注「疑」字。 按「杖」同「仗」，「杖情」即依恃之情，無可疑。 今刪。
The phrase "zhang sentiment" carries an editorial "?" after "qing" in every witness. Note: "Zhang" equals "rely upon"; "zhang sentiment" means dependence—no emendation is needed. The doubtful mark is removed.
95
豈有俯同眾官避中尉冊府卷二七一 〈三二一四頁〉 、通典卷二四御史中尉條「避」上有「趨」字。 按當時句法，應有此字，當是脫文。
"How could one stoop like the other officials to dodge the Central Commander": Cefu juan 271 〈folio 3214〉 ; Tongdian juan 24 (Censor Central Commander) inserts "hasten" (qu) before "avoid" (bi). Note: Contemporary usage requires the word; it dropped from the text.
96
念生遣其弟天生屯隴口諸本及北史卷一五「隴」作「龍」。 通鑑卷一五０ 〈四六八三頁〉 稱元志與天生「戰於隴口」。 胡注：「隴口，隴坻之口也。」 按卷十肅宗紀正光五年八月，卷五九蕭寶夤傳、卷七三崔延伯傳都說莫折天生在隴東大敗元志。 作「隴」是，今據改。
Niansheng dispatched his brother Tiansheng to hold Longkou; every edition and Beishi juan 15 write the place name "Long" as "Dragon." See Zizhi tongjian, juan 150 〈folio 4683〉 has Yuan Zhi and Tiansheng "battle at Longkou." Hu Sanxing glosses Longkou as the pass at the Long plateau. Note: Suzong's annals (juan 10, Zhenguang 5.8), Xiao Baoyin's biography (juan 59), and Cui Yanbo's biography (juan 73) all place Moqi Tiansheng's great defeat of Yuan Zhi in Longdong. "Long" is the right graph; the text is corrected on that authority.
97
後吐京胡與離石胡出以兵等叛卷二八劉潔傳「出以兵」作「出以眷」，疑作「眷」是。
Afterward the Tujing and Lishi Hu, with Chuyijuan and others, rose in revolt; Liu Ji's biography (juan 28) reads "Chuyijuan" where this annal has "Chuyibing"—"juan" is likely the true form.