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任城王
The Prince of Rencheng
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任城王雲，年五歲，恭宗崩，號哭不絕聲。 世祖聞之而呼，抱之泣曰：「汝何知而有成人之意也！」 和平五年封，拜使持節、侍中、征東大將軍、和龍鎮都大將。 顯祖時，拜都督中外諸軍事、中都坐大官，聽理民訟，甚收時譽。
Yun, Prince of Rencheng, was only five when Gongzong died, yet he wept without stopping. Shizu heard and called for him, took him in his arms, and wept. "How is it you already have a grown man's heart?" In Heping year 5 he received his fief and was made Bearer of the Staff, Palace Attendant, Grand General Who Conquers the East, and commander of Helong Garrison. Under Xianzu he commanded all armies at court and in the field, directed the Inner Palace at the Center, heard civil suits, and won wide renown.
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延興中，顯祖集羣僚，欲禪位於京兆王子推。 王公卿士，莫敢先言。 雲進曰：「陛下方隆太平，臨覆四海，豈得上違宗廟，下棄兆民。 父子相傳，其來久矣，皇魏之興，未之有革。 皇儲正統，聖德夙章。 陛下必欲割捐塵務，頤神清曠者，冢副之寄，宜紹寶曆，若欲捨儲，[1]輕移宸極，恐非先聖之意，駭動人情。 又，天下是祖宗之天下，而陛下輒改神器，上乖七廟七靈，下長姦亂之道，此是禍福所由，願深思慎之。」 太尉源賀又進曰：「陛下今欲外選諸王而禪位于皇叔者，臣恐春秋蒸嘗，昭穆有亂，脫萬世之後，必有逆饗之譏，深願思任城之言。」 東陽公元丕等進曰：「皇太子雖聖德夙彰，然實沖幼。 陛下富於春秋，始覽機政，普天景仰，率土傒心，欲隆獨善，不以萬物為意，其若宗廟何，其若億兆何！」 顯祖曰：「儲宮正統，受終文祖，羣公相之，有何不可。」 於是傳位於高祖。
In the Yanxing era Xianzu gathered his ministers, intending to abdicate to Zitui, Prince of Jingzhao. Among kings, dukes, and grandees none dared speak first. Yun stepped forward. "Your Majesty is raising an age of peace and holds all under heaven—how could you turn your back on the ancestral temples and cast off the people? Father passing rule to son is an ancient way; since Imperial Wei rose, that line has never been broken. The crown prince holds the orthodox succession; his sagely virtue was long plain to see. If Your Majesty truly means to lay down worldly cares and dwell in clarity, the heir's charge should carry on the succession; but to discard the heir[1] and lightly move the throne—I fear that is not what the sages intended and will shock the realm. Moreover, the realm belongs to the ancestral temples, not to a whim that shifts the sacred vessel—offending the seven temples above and feeding rebellion below. Fortune and ruin turn on such a step. I beg Your Majesty to weigh it deeply." Grand Commandant Yuan He added, "To choose an outer prince and abdicate to the imperial uncle will disorder the zhao and mu lines at the seasonal sacrifices and invite, ages hence, the reproach of inverted rites. I beg Your Majesty heed the Prince of Rencheng." Yuan Pi of Dongyang and others said, "The crown prince's virtue is plain, yet he is still a child. Your Majesty is in your prime and has only begun to govern; the realm looks up to you. To seek private ease and ignore the ten thousand things—what becomes of the temples, what of the people?" Xianzu said, "The heir holds the orthodox line, receives the mandate from Wenzu, and will have the lords' aid—what could be impossible?" Thereupon he abdicated to Gaozu.
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後蠕蠕犯塞，雲為中軍大都督，從顯祖討之，遇於大磧。 事具蠕蠕傳。 後仇池氐反，以雲為征西大將軍討平之。 除都督徐兗二州緣淮諸軍事、征東大將軍、開府、徐州刺史。 雲以太妃蓋氏薨，[2]表求解任，顯南安王城陽王章武王樂陵王安定王
When the Rouran raided the frontier Yun was made Grand Commander of the Center Army, followed Xianzu to war, and met them on the Great Marsh. The campaign is recorded in the Rouran biography. When the Chouchi Di rebelled he was made Grand General Who Conquers the West and pacified them. He was then made commander of Huai-border armies in Xu and Yan, Grand General Who Conquers the East with an open office, and inspector of Xuzhou. When his grand consort Lady Gai died,[2] Yun asked to resign. What follows: the Princes of Nan'an, Chengyang, Zhangwu, Leling, and Anding
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1.1.1英子攸
From Ying: his son You
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1.1.2攸弟中山文莊王熙 （附子景獻仲獻叔獻叔仁／叔仁子琳）
You's younger brother Xi, Prince Wenzhuang of Zhongshan (By adoption: Jingxian, Zhongxian, Shuxian, and Shuren; Shuren's son Lin)
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1.1.3熙弟誘 （附子始伯）
Xi's younger brother You (Adopted son Shibo)
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1.1.4誘弟東平文貞王略 （附子景式）
You's younger brother Lue, Prince Wenzhen of Dongping (Adopted son Jingshi)
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1.1.5略弟纂 （附子子獻）
Lue's younger brother Zuan (Adopted son Zixian)
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1.1.6熙異母弟武邑王義興 （附子述）
Xi's younger half-brother Yixing, Prince of Wuyi (Adopted son Shu)
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1.2.1子魯郡王肅 （附子道與）
His son Su, Prince of Lu commandery (Adopted son Daoyu)
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2.2.1子城陽文獻王徽 （附子延）
His son Hui, Prince Wenxian of Chengyang (Adopted son Yan)
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2.2.2徽長兄顯魏
Hui's elder brother Xianwei
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2.2.3徽次兄顯恭 （附子彦昭）
Hui's second elder brother Xiangong (Adopted son Yanzhao)
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2.2.4顯恭弟襄城郡王旭
Xiangong's younger brother Xu, Prince of Xiangcheng commandery
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3.1.1長子章武莊武王融 （附子景哲、朗、黃頭）
His eldest son Rong, Prince Zhuangwu of Zhangwu (Adopted sons Jingzhe, Lang, and Huangtou)
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3.1.2融弟東安王凝 （附子彦友）
Rong's younger brother Ning, Prince of Dong'an (Adopted son Yanyou)
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3.1.3凝弟漁陽王湛 （附子俊）
Ning's younger brother Zhan, Prince of Yuyang (Adopted son Jun)
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3.1.4凝弟晏
Ning's younger brother Yan
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4.1.1子樂陵惠王景略 （附子霸）
His son Jinglue, Prince Hui of Leling (Adopted son Ba)
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4.1.2景略弟慶略 （附子子政）
Jinglue's younger brother Qinglue (Adopted son Zizheng)
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4.1.3慶略弟洪略
Qinglue's younger brother Honglue
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4.1.4洪略弟子業
Honglue's younger brother Ziye
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5.2.1子超 （附子孝景）
His son Chao (Adopted son Xiaojing)
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5.3.1子緒 （附子南郡王長春）
His son Xu (Adopted son Changchun, Prince of Nan commandery)
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5.5.1子叔遵
His son Shuzun
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南安惠王楨
Zhen, Prince Hui of Nan'an
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南安王楨，皇興二年封，加征南大將軍、中都大官，尋遷內都大官。 高祖即位，除涼州鎮都大將。 尋以綏撫有能，加都督西戎諸軍事、征西大將軍、領護西域校尉、儀同三司、涼州刺史。 徵為內都大官，出為使持節、侍中、本將軍、開府、長安鎮都大將、雍州刺史。 楨性忠謹，事母以孝聞，賜帛千匹以褒之。
Zhen, Prince of Nan'an, was enfeoffed in Huangxing year 2, made Grand General Who Conquers the South and Director of the Inner Palace at the Center, and soon moved to the inner directorate. At Gaozu's accession he was made commander of Liangzhou Garrison. Soon, for skill in pacification, he was added commander of Western Rong armies, Grand General Who Conquers the West, Protector-General of the Western Regions, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Liangzhou. He was recalled to the inner directorate, then sent out as Bearer of the Staff and Palace Attendant with his former rank, an open office, command of Chang'an Garrison, and the Yongzhou inspectorate. Zhen was loyal and careful, famed for filial service to his mother; the court gave him a thousand bolts of silk in praise.
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徵赴講武，高祖引見於皇信堂，戒之曰：「翁孝行著於私庭，令問彰於邦國，每欽忠懿，思一言展，故因講武，遠徵赴闕。 仰戀仁慈，情在未已。 但長安鎮年飢民儉，理須綏撫，不容久留，翁今還州，其勤隱恤，無令境內有飢餒之民。 翁既國之懿親，終無貧賤之慮。 所宜慎者，略有三事：一者，恃親驕矜，違禮僭度； 二者，傲慢貪奢，不恤政事； 三者，飲酒遊逸，不擇交友。 三者不去，患禍將生，但能慎此，足以全身遠害，光國榮家，終始之德成矣。」 而楨不能遵奉，後乃聚斂肆情。 文明太后、高祖並臨皇信堂，引見王公，太后令曰：「汝陰王天賜、南安王楨不順法度，黷貨聚斂，依犯論坐，將至不測。 卿等為當存親以毀令，為欲滅親以明法？」 羣臣咸以二王託體先皇，宜蒙矜恕。 太后不答。 高祖乃詔曰：「南安王楨以懿戚之貴，作鎮關右，不能潔己奉公，助宣皇度，方肆貪欲，殖貨私庭，放縱姦囚，壅絕訴訟，貨遺諸使，邀求虛稱，二三之狀，皆犯刑書。 昔魏武翦髮以齊眾，叔向戮弟以明法，克己忍親，以率天下。 夫豈不懷，有為而然耳。 今者所犯，事重疇日，循古推刑，實在難恕。 皇太后天慈寬篤，恩矜國屬，每一尋惟高宗孔懷之近，發言哽塞，悲慟于懷； 且以南安王孝養之名，聞於內外； 特一原恕，削除封爵，以庶人歸第，禁錮終身。」
Called to the martial review, Gaozu received him in the Hall of Imperial Trust and warned him: "Your filial conduct shines at home and your fair name in the realm; I have long wished to hear you speak, and so at the review I summoned you from afar. I still yearn for your counsel; my heart is not satisfied. Yet Chang'an has known famine and the people are straitened; the post must be pacified and cannot keep you long. Return to your province, comfort the hidden poor, and let no one within your borders go hungry. As a prince of the blood you need never fear want. What you must guard against are three things: first, pride of kinship that breaks ritual and oversteps bounds; second, arrogance, greed, and luxury without care for government; third, wine, wandering, and careless company. If you do not cast these off, ruin will follow; if you heed them, you may keep your person safe, harm at bay, and bring honor to throne and house from first to last." Zhen could not obey; afterward he amassed wealth as he pleased. Empress Dowager Wenming and Gaozu received the princes in the Hall of Imperial Trust. The empress dowager said, "Prince Tiansi of Ruyin and Prince Zhen of Nan'an break the law, profane office, and hoard wealth. By statute they face death. Will you preserve kin and ruin the law, or destroy kin to make the law plain?" The ministers all said both princes bore Gaozong's flesh and should be spared. The empress dowager did not reply. Gaozu then decreed: "Prince Zhen of Nan'an, by grace of close kin, held the west of the Pass yet would not keep himself clean or aid the throne's measure; he indulged greed, stocked his private hall, freed wicked prisoners, blocked suits, bribed envoys, and sought empty praise—each count violates the penal code. Cao Cao of Wei once cut his hair to discipline the army; Shuqiu Xiang killed his brother to clarify the law—men who restrained themselves and bore kin away to lead the realm. Did they not love them? They had a duty and acted. Today's crimes outweigh yesterday's; by ancient precedent punishment is hard to spare. The empress dowager's kindness is deep; pitying the imperial kin, each time she thinks of Gaozong's close embrace her words choke and grief fills her; and because Prince Zhen of Nan'an is famed within and without for filial care; she has granted one pardon: his title is struck off, he returns home a commoner, and is confined for life."
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後高祖南伐，楨從至洛，及議遷都，首從大計，高祖甚悅。 楨母劉太妃薨，高祖親幸臨慰。 及葬，贈布帛綵五百段。 又以楨議定遷都，復封南安王，食邑一千戶。 出為鎮北大將軍、相州刺史。 高祖餞楨於華林都亭。 詔曰：「從祖南安，既之蕃任，將曠違千里，豫懷惘戀。 然今者之集，雖曰分歧，實為曲宴，並可賦詩申意。 射者可以觀德，不能賦詩者，可聽射也。 當使武士彎弓，文人下筆。」 高祖送楨於階下，流涕而別。
When Gaozu marched south Zhen followed to Luoyang; at the debate over moving the capital he was first to endorse the great plan, and Gaozu was greatly pleased. When his mother Grand Consort Liu died, Gaozu went in person to console him. At the burial he was given five hundred lengths of cloth and silk. Because he had helped settle the capital move, he was re-created Prince of Nan'an with a thousand-household fief. He was sent out as Grand General Who Guards the North and inspector of Xiangzhou. Gaozu saw him off at the Pavilion of the Imperial Grove. The edict read, "My paternal uncle of Nan'an goes to his frontier post; soon we shall be a thousand li apart, and I already feel regret. Yet today's gathering, though a farewell, is truly a feast bent to joy—all may compose poems to speak their hearts. Archery reveals virtue; those who cannot write may watch the bow. Let warriors bend the bow and scholars set brush to paper. Gaozu walked him down the steps and parted in tears.
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太和二十年五月至鄴，入治日，暴風大雨，凍死者十數人。 楨又以旱祈雨于羣神。 鄴城有石虎廟，人奉祀之。 楨告虎神像云：「三日不雨，當加鞭罰。」 請雨不驗，遂鞭像一百。 是月疽發背，薨。 諡曰惠，贈帛一千匹，及葬，又賜帛千匹，遣黃門郎監護喪事。 及恒州刺史穆泰謀反，楨知而不告，雖薨，猶追奪爵封，國除。 有五子。
In Taihe twentieth year, fifth month, he reached Ye; on his first day in office a violent wind and great rain struck, and several tens died of cold. During drought he again prayed for rain to the host of spirits. Ye had a Stone Tiger shrine that the people worshipped. Zhen addressed the Stone Tiger image: "If there is no rain in three days, I shall add the whip's punishment. The prayer failed; he whipped the image a hundred strokes. That month a carbuncle broke out on his back and he died. He was posthumously titled Prince Hui; a thousand bolts of silk were granted, and at burial another thousand, with a Yellow Gate Gentleman to oversee the rites. When Hengzhou inspector Mu Tai rebelled, Zhen knew and did not report; though dead, his title was posthumously stripped and the fief abolished. He had five sons.
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中山獻武王英
Ying, Prince Xianwu of Zhongshan
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子英，字虎兒。 性識聰敏，博聞強記，便弓馬，解吹笛，微曉醫術。 高祖時，為平北將軍、武川鎮都大將、假魏公。 未幾，遷都督梁益寧三州諸軍事、安南將軍、領護西戎校尉、仇池鎮都大將、梁州刺史。
His son Ying, courtesy name Hu'er. Clever and keen, broadly learned with a strong memory, he was skilled at bow and horse, could play the flute, and knew a little medicine. Under Gaozu he was General Who Pacifies the North, commander of Wuchuan Garrison, and Acting Duke of Wei. Soon he was made commander of armies in Liang, Yi, and Ning, General Who Pacifies the South, Protector-General of the Western Rong, commander of Chouchi Garrison, and inspector of Liangzhou.
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高祖南伐，為梁漢別道都將。 後大駕臨鍾離，詔英率眾備寇境上。 英以大駕親動，勢傾東南，漢中有可乘之會，表求進討，高祖許之。 師次沮水，蕭鸞將蕭懿遣將尹紹祖、梁季羣等領眾二萬，徼山立柵，分為數處，居高視下，隔水為營。 英乃謀曰：「彼帥賤民慢，莫能相服，眾而無上，罔知適從。 若選精卒，并攻一營，彼不相救，我克必矣。 若克一軍，四營自拔。」 於是簡兵三面騰上，果不相救。 既破一處，四營俱潰，生擒梁季羣，斬三千餘級，俘七百人。 鸞白馬戍將其夜逃潰。 乘勝長驅，將逼南鄭，漢川之民，以為神也，相率歸附。
On Gaozu's southern campaign he commanded the separate Liang-Han column. When the imperial carriage reached Zhongli, an edict ordered Ying to guard the frontier with his troops. Seeing the emperor advance in person and momentum pour toward the southeast, Ying judged Hanzhong open, asked to strike, and Gaozu agreed. The army halted at the Ju River. Xiao Yi's general Xiao Yi sent Yin Shaozu and Liang Jiqun with twenty thousand men to seize the heights, raise palisades in several places, and camp across the water looking down. Ying counseled, "Their leaders despise the men and cannot command them. A host without a head does not know whom to follow. Choose crack troops and strike one camp together—they will not aid one another and we are sure to win. Break one camp and the other four will collapse of themselves." He picked troops and charged on three sides; as he foresaw, they did not aid one another. One position fell and all four camps broke; Liang Jiqun was taken alive, more than three thousand beheaded, seven hundred captured. Luan's garrison at White Horse fled in the night and dissolved. Pressing the victory he drove toward Nanzheng; the people of Hanzhong took him for a god and submitted in waves.
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梁州民李天幹等詣英降，待以國士之禮。 天幹等家在南鄭之西，請師迎接，英遣迎之。 蕭懿聞而遣將姜脩率眾追襲，逮夜交戰，頗有殺傷。 脩後屢敗，復更請軍。 懿遣眾赴之，迎者告急。 英率騎一千，倍道赴救。 未至，賊已退還。 英恐其入城，別遣統軍元拔以隨其後，英徼其前，合擊之，盡俘其眾。 懿續遣軍，英不虞賊至，且眾力已疲，軍少人懼，咸欲奔走。 英乃緩騎徐行，神色自若，登高望賊，東西指麾，狀似處分，然後整列而前。 賊謂有伏兵。 俄然賊退，乘勢追殄，遂圍南鄭。 禁止三軍，一無所犯，遠近皆供租運。
Li Tian'gan of Liangzhou and others surrendered to Ying and were treated as champions of the state. Tian'gan's kin lay west of Nanzheng; he asked for troops to fetch them, and Ying sent escorts. Xiao Yi heard and sent Jiang Xiu in pursuit; they fought at night with heavy casualties. Xiu was beaten again and again and asked for more troops. Yi sent reinforcements; the escort party cried urgent need. Ying led a thousand horse at double march to rescue them. Before he arrived the enemy had already withdrawn. Fearing they would enter the city, he sent Commandery General Yuan Ba to follow behind while he himself blocked the front; together they took the whole force. Yi sent more troops; Ying did not expect them, his men were weary and few, and all wished to run. Ying slowed his horse, face calm, climbed high to view the enemy, gestured east and west as if disposing troops, then re-formed ranks and advanced. The enemy thought ambush lay in wait. Soon they withdrew; he pursued, destroyed them, and besieged Nanzheng. He forbade his three armies every violation; near and far the people brought grain.
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先是，英未至也，蕭懿遣軍主范潔領三千餘人伐獠。 潔聞大軍圍城，欲還救援。 英遣統軍李平敵、李鐵騎等收合巴西、晉壽土人，以斷其路。 潔以死決戰，遂敗平敵之軍。 英候其稍近，以奇兵掩之，盡皆擒獲。 攻圍九十餘日，戰無不克。 被敕班師。 英於是先遣老弱，身勒精卒留後，遣使與懿告別。 懿以為詐也，英還一日，猶閉門不開。 二日之後，懿乃遣將追英。 英親自殿後，與士卒下馬交戰，賊眾莫敢逼之。 四日四夜，然後賊退，全軍而還。 會山氐並反，斷英歸路。 英勒眾奮擊，且戰且行，為流矢所中，軍人莫有知者。 以功遷安南大將軍，賜爵廣武伯。 在仇池六載，甚有威惠之稱。 父憂，解任。
Before Ying arrived, Xiao Yi had sent Army Commander Fan Jie with more than three thousand men against the Liao. Jie heard the great army had besieged the city and turned back to rescue it. Ying sent Li Pingdi, Li Tieqi, and others to rally men of Baxi and Jinshou and cut Jie's road. Jie fought to the death and broke Pingdi's force. Ying waited until they drew near, then ambushed and took them all. The siege ran more than ninety days; every assault succeeded. Orders came to withdraw. Ying first sent off the old and weak, kept crack troops in the rear himself, and sent a messenger to bid Yi farewell. Yi thought it a ruse; a full day after Ying left the gates stayed shut. Two days later Yi sent a general in pursuit. Ying brought up the rear himself, fought dismounted with his men, and the enemy dared not press close. For four days and four nights the enemy hung back; then they withdrew and the whole army returned intact. Just then the mountain Di rebelled and cut his road home. He drove his men in fierce attack, fighting as he marched; a stray arrow struck him, and none knew. For merit he was made Grand General Who Pacifies the South and Baron of Guangwu. Six years at Chouchi won him a great name for stern kindness. At his father's death he resigned.
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後英還京師，上表曰：「臣聞取亂悔亡，有國之常道； 陳師鞠旅，因機而致發。 竊以區區寶卷，罔顧天常，憑恃山河，敢抗中國。 今妖逆數亡，驕縱日甚，威侮五行，怠棄三正，淫刑以逞，虐害無辜。 其雍州刺史蕭衍東伐秣陵，掃土興兵，順流而下，唯有孤城，更無重衞。 此則皇天授我之日，曠載一逢之秋，事易走丸，理同拾芥，此而不乘，將欲何待。 臣乞躬率步騎三萬，直指沔陰，據襄陽之城，斷黑水之路。 昏虐君臣，自相魚肉。 我居上流，威震遐邇，長驅南出，進拔江陵。 其路既近，不盈五百，則三楚之地，一朝可收，岷蜀之道，自成斷絕。 又命揚徐二州，聲言俱舉，緣江焚毀，靡使所遺。 建業窮蹙，魚遊釜內。 士治之師再興，孫皓之縛重至，齊文軌而大同，混天地而為一。 伏惟陛下暫闢旒纊，少垂聽覽，獨決聖心，無取疑議，此期脫爽，并吞未日。」 事寢不報。 英又奏曰：「臣聞乘虛討弱，事在速舉，因危攻昧，徼捷可期。 今寶卷亂常，骨肉相賊，蕃戍鼎立，莫知所歸。 義陽孤絕，密邇天境，外靡糧援之期，內無兵儲之固。 此乃臨焚之鳥，不可去薪； 授首之寇，何容緩斧。 若此行有果，則江右之地，斯為經略之基； 如脫否也，非直後舉難圖，亦或居安生疾。 [1]今豫州刺史司馬悅已戒嚴垂邁，而東豫州刺史田益宗方擬守三關，請遣軍司為之節度。」 世宗遣直寢羊靈引為軍司。 以軍功拜吏部尚書，以前後軍功進爵常山侯。
Later, back in the capital, he memorialized: "I have heard that seizing disorder and repenting ruin is a state's constant way; arraying troops is to strike when opportunity offers. I venture that petty Baojuan, heedless of heaven's law, trusts his mountains and rivers and dares resist the Middle Kingdom. His rebels are several times broken, yet arrogance grows daily; he insults the Five Agents, neglects the calendar, tortures at will, and harms the innocent. His Yongzhou inspector Xiao Yan attacks Moling eastward, sweeps the land, raises troops, and drifts downriver—leaving only a lone city without a second guard. This is the day heaven grants us, an autumn that comes once in vast ages; the task is easy as rolling a pellet, simple as plucking a mustard seed—if we do not ride this moment, what shall we wait for? I beg to lead thirty thousand foot and horse straight to the north bank of the Mian, hold Xiangyang, and cut the Black Water road. Their benighted ruler and ministers will devour one another like fish. Holding the upper stream we shake the far reaches; a long drive south will seize Jiangling. The road is near—less than five hundred li—then the Three Chu may fall in a morning and the road to Min and Shu will cut itself off. Order Yang and Xu to proclaim a joint rising, burn along the river, and leave nothing behind. Jianye will be cornered—a fish in the cauldron. The army of a well-governed state will rise again, Sun Hao's bonds will return, the text and wheel will be one, heaven and earth merged. I bow and beg Your Majesty to set aside the capstrings awhile, incline your ear, decide in your sage heart without doubtful counsel—if this season slips away, the day of swallowing whole is not yet here." The memorial was shelved without reply. Ying memorialized again: "I hear that striking weakness through void lies in swift action; attacking peril through obscurity promises sudden merit. Now Baojuan disorders the constant; kin turn on kin; frontier garrisons stand like tripods and none knows where to turn. Yiyang stands alone, close to our border; without grain from outside, within it has no arms store. This is a bird facing the blaze—you cannot remove the fuel; a foe offering his head—how can the axe be slow? If this march succeeds, the lands south of the river become the base of further planning; if it fails, later efforts grow hard—and even in peace sickness may grow. [1]Inspector of Yuzhou Sima Yue has already ordered alert and is about to march, while East Yuzhou inspector Tian Yizong plans to hold the Three Passes—please send an army supervisor to command them. Shizong sent Direct Attendant Yang Lingyin as army supervisor. For military merit he was made Minister of the Masters of Writing; for further victories he was advanced to Marquis of Changshan.
38
英奏：「謹案學令：諸州郡學生，三年一校所通經數，因正使列之，然後遣使就郡練考。 臣伏惟聖明，崇道顯成均之風，蘊義光膠序之美，是以太學之館久置於下國，四門之教方構於京瀍。 計習訓淹年，聽受累紀，然儁造之流應問於魏闕，不革之輩宜返於齊民，使就郡練考，覈其最殿。 頃以皇都遷構，江揚未一，故鄉校之訓，弗遑正試。 致使薰蕕之質，均誨學庭； 蘭蕭之體，等教文肆。 今外宰京官，銓考向訖，求遣四門博士明通五經者，道別校練，依令黜陟。」 詔曰：「學業墮廢，為日已久，非一使能勸，比當別敕。」
Ying memorialized: "According to the school ordinance, provincial students are every three years examined on classics mastered, listed by the regular envoy, then an envoy drills and examines in the commandery. I bow before sage brightness that exalts the Way, displays the academy's wind, stores righteousness, and shines the glue-and-lacquer schools—therefore the Grand Academy stood long in the provinces and the Four Gates were just raised at the capital ford. Training runs years, study many cycles—yet the outstanding should be questioned at the Wei gate and the unfit returned to the people, examined in the commanderies and ranked highest to lowest. Recently, with the capital moved and Jiang and Yang not yet one, commandery schools could not hold the regular trial. Wormwood and artemisia alike sit in the school court; orchid and mugwort alike are taught in the literary stalls. Outer prefects and capital officials have finished review; I ask to send Four Gates doctors versed in the Five Classics to examine by the Way and promote or demote by ordinance. The edict answered, "Scholarly work has lain in ruin for long—not one envoy can restore it; a separate decree will follow."
39
尋詔英使持節、假鎮南將軍、都督征義陽諸軍事，率眾南討。 蕭衍司州刺史蔡道恭聞英將至，遣其驍騎將軍楊由率城外居民三千餘家，於城西南十里賢首山即嶺為三柵，作表裏之勢。 英勒諸軍圍賢首壘，焚其柵門。 楊由乃驅水牛，從營而出，繼之以兵。 軍人避牛，師遂退下。 尋分兵圍守。 其夜，柵民任馬駒斬由以降。 三軍館穀，降民安堵。 蕭衍遣其平西將軍曹景宗、後將軍王僧炳等率步騎三萬來救義陽。 僧炳統眾二萬據鑿峴，景宗率一萬繼後。 英遣冠軍將軍元逞、揚烈將軍曹文敬進據樊城以抗之。 英部勒將士，掎角討之，大破僧炳軍，俘斬四千餘人。 英又於士雅山結壘，與景宗相抗，分遣諸統，伏於四山，示之以弱。 衍將馬仙琕率眾萬餘，來掩英營。 英命諸軍偽北誘之，既至平地，統軍傅永等三軍擊之，賊便奔退。 進擊潰之，斬首二千三百級，斬賊羽林監軍鄧終年。 仙琕又率一萬餘人，重來決戰。 英勒諸將，隨便分擊，又破之，復斬賊將陳秀之。 統軍王買奴別破東嶺之陣，斬首五百。 道恭憂死，驍騎將軍、行州事蔡靈恩復憑窮城，短兵日接。 景宗、仙琕知城將拔，盡銳決戰，一日三交，皆大敗而返。 靈恩勢窘，遂降。 三關戍聞之，亦棄城而走。 詔曰：「知賊城已下，復克三關，展威闢境，聲略宣振，公私稱泰，良以欣然。 將軍淵規內斷，忠謨外舉，受律揚旌，克申廟算，雖方叔之制蠻荊，邵虎之掃淮浦，匹茲蔑如也。 新州初附，宜廣經略，想善加檢督，必令周固，有所委付，然後凱旋耳。」 初，高祖之平漢陽，英有戰功，許復其封，反為顯達所敗，遂寢。 是役也，世宗大悅，乃復之，改封中山王，食邑一千戶，遣大使、鴻臚少卿睦延吉持節就拜。 英送蔡靈恩及衍尚書郎蔡僧勰、前軍將軍、義陽太守馮道要，游擊將軍鮑懷慎，天門太守王承伯，平北府司馬宗象，平北府諮議參軍伏粲，給事中、寧朔將軍蔡道基，中兵參軍龐脩等數十人。 詔曰：「會平江南，此等便可放歸也。」 英既還，世宗引見，深嘉勞之，後增封一千戶。
Soon he was made Bearer of the Staff, Acting General Who Pacifies the South, commander of armies on Yiyang, and led troops south. Xiao Yan's Sizhou inspector Cai Daogong heard Ying was coming and sent Fierce-Cavalry General Yang You with more than three thousand households from outside the city to Xianshou Mountain ten li southwest, where they took the ridge for three palisades in inner-outer array. Ying besieged the Xianshou stronghold and burned the palisade gates. Yang You drove water buffalo from the camp with troops behind. Soldiers dodged the buffalo and the army fell back downhill. Soon he divided troops to surround and hold them. That night the palisade man Ren Maju beheaded You and surrendered. The three armies fed on captured grain; the surrendered people were settled in peace. Xiao Yan sent General Who Pacifies the West Cao Jingzong and Rear General Wang Sengbing with thirty thousand foot and horse to rescue Yiyang. Sengbing held Zao Pass with twenty thousand; Jingzong followed with ten thousand. Ying sent Champion General Yuan Cheng and Yanglie General Cao Wenjing to hold Fancheng against them. Ying arrayed his men, attacked corner to corner, and broke Sengbing's army, capturing or killing more than four thousand. He built a camp on Shiya Mountain against Jingzong, sent commanders to ambush on four mountains, and feigned weakness. Yan's general Ma Xianzun led more than ten thousand to strike Ying's camp. Ying feigned retreat north to lure them; on level ground Commandery General Fu Yong and three armies struck and the enemy fled at once. Pressing the attack he routed them, beheading more than two thousand three hundred and killing the enemy Forest Guard supervisor Deng Zhongnian. Ma Xianbi rallied another ten thousand men and returned for a final clash. Ying drove his commanders to strike wherever chance offered, routed them once more, and beheaded the Liang general Chen Xiuzhi. Army commander Wang Mainu broke the East Ridge line on his own and took five hundred heads. Dao Gong died of grief; Cai Ling'en, Valiant Cavalry General acting as governor, still held the doomed city as hand-to-hand fighting met day after day. Jingzong and Xianbi, seeing the city was lost, threw in every man for three battles in a single day—and were routed each time. Cornered, Ling'en surrendered. Hearing the news, the Three Passes garrisons abandoned their posts and fled. The throne wrote: "The rebel stronghold is down and the Three Passes retaken—might spread across the frontier, your name and plan ringing far; court and country rejoice, and so do I. You read the enemy within and laid loyal plans without; under law you raised the standard and fulfilled what the ancestors had plotted. Fang Shu taming the south, Shao Hu clearing the Huai—beside this they are nothing. Xinzhou has only just submitted—extend your strategy there, oversee it well until all is secure, entrust what must be entrusted, and then march home in triumph." Earlier, when Gaozu pacified Hanyang, Ying had earned merit and a promise to restore his fief—but Xianda defeated him and the grant was shelved. This time Shizong was delighted: the fief was restored as Prince of Zhongshan, one thousand households, and Grand Envoy Mu Yanji of the Court for Diplomatic Relations came with credentials to invest him on the spot. Ying sent up Cai Ling'en and dozens more—among them Yan's attendant Cai Sengrui, Feng Daoyao of Yiyang, Bao Huaixin, Wang Chengbo, Zong Xiang, Fu Can, Cai Daoji, and Pang Xiu. An edict followed: "When the lands south of the Yangzi are pacified, release them all to go home." When Ying returned, Shizong received him, praised him at length, and later added another thousand households.
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蕭衍遣將軍寇肥梁，詔英使持節，加散騎常侍、征南將軍、都督揚徐二道諸軍事，率眾十萬討之，所在皆以便宜從事。 詔英曰：「賊勢滋甚，圍逼肥梁，邊將後規，以至於此。 故有斯舉，必期勝捷，而出軍淹滯，肥梁已陷。 聞之惋懣，實乖本圖。 今眾軍雲集，十有五萬，進取之方，其算安在？ 克殄之期，復當遠近？ 竟以幾日可至賊？ 所必勝之規，何者為先？ 故遣步兵校尉、領中書舍人王雲指取機要。」 英表陳事機。 乃擊破陰陵，斬衍將二十五人及虜首五千餘級。 又頻破賊軍於梁城，斬其支將四十二人，殺獲及溺死者將五萬。 衍中軍大將軍、臨川王蕭宏，尚書右僕射柳惔等大將五人沿淮南走，[2]凡收米三十萬石。 詔勞英曰：「知大摧鯨寇，威振南海，江浦無塵，三楚卷壒，聲被荒隅，同軌斯始，公私慶慰，良副朕懷。 便當乘威藉響，長驅吳會，翦拉遺燼，截彼東南也。」
Xiao Yan sent troops against Fei Liang; Ying was given the staff, made scattered-cavalier attendant-in-ordinary and General Who Pacifies the South, and commander of Yang and Xu with a hundred thousand men, free to act as he saw fit. The throne told Ying: "The enemy grows stronger by the day and presses Fei Liang; frontier commanders dawdled until we reached this pass. We sent you expecting sure victory—yet the host stalled, and Fei Liang is lost. The news wounds me; it is far from what we intended. Now a hundred fifty thousand stand ready. What is your plan of attack? How soon will they be destroyed—weeks or months? How many days until you meet the enemy? Of the moves that must win, which comes first? I send Infantry Commandant Wang Yun of the Secretariat to hear your plans." Ying memorialized on the situation. He smashed Yinling, beheaded twenty-five of Yan's generals, and took more than five thousand heads. Again and again he broke Yan's armies at Liangcheng, killed forty-two subordinate commanders, and left nearly fifty thousand dead, captured, or drowned. Yan's Central Army Grand General Xiao Hong of Linchuan, Right Vice Director Liu Yan, and five other great commanders fled south along the Huai;[2] thirty myriads of grain were seized. An edict praised him: "You have shattered the great foe, your might shaking the southern sea; the river shores are clean, the Three Chu lie in dust, your fame reaches the wild marches, and the realm begins to walk one path—court and country rejoice, as I do. Ride that momentum long into Wu and Kuai, cut the last embers, and break their hold on the southeast."
41
英追至于馬頭，衍馬頭戍主委城遁走，遂圍鍾離。 詔曰：「師行已久，士馬疲瘠，賊城險固，卒難攻屠。 冬春之交，稍非勝便，十萬之眾，日費無貲。 方圖後舉，不待今事。 且可密裝徐嚴，為振旅之意，整疆完土，開示威略。 左右蠻楚，素應逃亡，或竄山湖，或難制掠。 若凶渠黠黨，有須翦除者，便可撲掃，以清疆界。 如其強狡憑阻，未易致力者，亦不煩肆兵。 凱旋遲近，不復委曲。」 英表曰：「臣奉辭伐罪，志殄逋寇，想敵量攻，期至二月將末三月之初，理在必克。 但自此月一日以來，霖雨連併，可謂天違人願。 然王者行師，舉動不易，不可以少致睽淹，便生異議。 臣亦諦思。 若入三月已後，天晴地燥，憑陵是常。 如其連雨仍接，不得進攻者，臣已更高邵陽之橋，防其汎突。 意外洪長，慮其破橋，臣亦部分造船，復於鍾離城隨水狹處，營造浮橋，至三月中旬，橋必克成。 晴則攻騰，雨則圍守，水陸二圖，以得為限。 實願朝廷特開遠略，少復賜寬，假以日月，無使為山之功，中途而廢。」 詔曰：「大軍野次，已成勞久，攻守之方，理可豫見。 比頻得啟，制勝不過暮春，及省後表，復期孟夏之末。 彼土蒸濘，無宜久淹。 勢雖必取，乃將軍之深計； 兵久力殆，亦朝廷之所憂。 故遣主書曹道往觀軍勢，使還，一一具聞。」 [3]及道還，英猶表云「可克」。
Ying pursued to Matou; Yan's garrison commander fled, and he besieged Zhongli. An edict said: "The campaign has run long; men and horses are spent; the city is steep and hard to storm. Winter turning to spring is no season for victory; a hundred thousand mouths cost a fortune each day. We mean to strike later—do not hang everything on this siege. Secretly ready the Xu line as if for withdrawal, secure the borders, and show your strategy. The Chu barbarians left and right have always fled—some into lakes and hills, some to raid where none can hold them. If vicious ringleaders must be cut down, sweep them and clear the frontier. If they hold defiles you cannot take without waste, do not waste troops on them. When you come home, near or far, I leave to you." Ying replied: "I came to punish rebels and meant to destroy them; gauging the foe, I set the end of the second month or the start of the third for victory. Yet since the first of this month rain has not stopped—Heaven against our wish. Still, a king's army does not turn for a little mud; we must not quarrel over a short delay. I have thought hard on this. If March brings clear skies and dry ground, we can ride them down. If the rains continue and we cannot attack, I have raised the Shaoyang bridge against flood assault. If the flood breaks the bridge, I am building boats and a pontoon at the narrows by Zhongli—by mid-March it will stand. Sun—we storm; rain—we siege: land and water, two plans, success our only measure. I beg the court to look far, grant more time, and not abandon a mountain's labor halfway." The throne answered: "The host has camped long; attack and defense should be plain. Your letters promised victory by late spring; the next set midsummer. That country is steam and mud—not fit to linger in. Taking the city is your deep plan; troops long abroad and spent—that is what the court fears. I send Director of Documents Cao Dao to see your host; let him report everything." [3] When Dao returned, Ying still wrote that the city could be taken.
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四月，水盛破橋，英及諸將狼狽奔走，士眾沒者十有五六。 英至揚州，遣使送節及衣冠、貂蟬、章綬。 詔以付典。 有司奏英經算失圖，案劾處死，詔恕死為民。
In the fourth month flood broke the bridge; Ying and his officers fled in disorder, and one or two soldiers in ten drowned. At Yangzhou he sent back his staff, robes, marten cap, and seals. An edict sent them to the imperial storehouse. The ministries impeached him for failed strategy and sought death; the throne spared his life and made him a commoner.
43
後京兆王愉反，英復王封，邑一千戶，除使持節，假征東將軍、都督冀州諸軍事。 英未發而冀州已平。 時郢州治中督榮祖潛引蕭衍軍，以義陽應之，三關之戍，並據城降衍。 郢州刺史婁悅嬰城自守。 懸瓠城民白早生等殺豫州刺史司馬悅，據城南叛。 衍將齊苟仁率眾守懸瓠。 悅子尚華陽公主，并為所劫。 詔英使持節、都督南征諸軍事、假征南將軍，出自汝南。 世宗引英謂之曰：「婁悅綏御失和，銓衡闇於簡授，故使郢民引寇，關戍外奔，義陽孤窘，有倒懸之切。 王國之邵虎，威名宿震，故屈王親總元戎，掃清氛穢。 昔衞霍以匈奴之故，居無寧歲，今南疆不靖，王不得以屢勞為辭也。」 英對曰：「臣才非韓白，識闇孫吳，徒以宗室之長，頻荷推轂之寄。 規略淺短，失律喪師，宜章子反之戮，以謝天下。 陛下慈深念屨，愛等鍾牛，使臣得同荀伯，再生明世，誓追孟氏，以報復為期。 關郢微寇，何足平殄，滅賊方略，已在臣目中，願陛下勿勞聖慮也。」 世宗曰：「截彼東南，再清隨楚，所望於將軍。 鍾離一眚，豈足以損大德。 今王董彼三軍，朕無憂矣。」
When Prince Yu of Jingzhao rebelled, Ying's title was restored at one thousand households; he was given the staff as acting General Who Pacifies the East and commander of Ji. Before he marched, Ji was already quiet. Yingzhou supervisor Rongzu secretly brought in Xiao Yan's troops; Yiyang joined them, and every Three Passes garrison surrendered. Inspector Lou Yue shut the walls and held on. At Xuancheng, Bai Zaosheng and others killed Inspector Sima Yue, seized the south wall, and rebelled. Yan's Qi Gouren held Xuancheng with an army. Yue's son, who had married the Princess of Huayang, was taken hostage as well. Ying was ordered out from Runan with the staff, command of the southern campaign, and acting General Who Pacifies the South. Shizong told him: "Lou Yue lost his grip; the wrong men were posted, so Ying drew in the foe, the passes emptied, and Yiyang hangs by a thread. You are our Shao Hu—your name alone should clear the air. I bend a prince to lead the host and sweep the filth away. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing knew no peaceful year while the Xiongnu lived; the south is unquiet—you may not refuse because you are weary." Ying answered: "I am no Han Xin or Bai Qi, no Sun Wu or Wu Qi—only as senior prince I have been trusted again and again with the chariot pole. My plans were shallow; I lost the law and lost the army—I ought to die like Zengzi's son, to answer the world. Your mercy is deep—you spare even worn shoes, love me like a sacrificial ox; let me be Xun Bo reborn, follow Mencius, and repay you. These border fleas are nothing; I already see how to crush them—trouble yourself no further." Shizong said: "I look to you to cut the southeast and clear Sui and Chu again. One disaster at Zhongli cannot stain great merit. Lead the three armies—I have no fear."
44
世宗以邢巒頻破早生，詔英南赴義陽。 英以眾少，累表請軍，世宗弗許。 而英輒與邢巒分兵共攻懸瓠，克之，乃引軍而進。 初苟仁之據懸瓠，衍寧朔將軍張道凝等率眾據楚城，聞英將至，棄城南走。 英追擊，斬道凝及衍虎賁中郎曹苦生，盡俘其眾。 既次義陽，將取三關，英策之曰：「三關相須如左右手，若克一關，兩關不待攻而定。 攻難不如攻易，東關易攻，宜須先取，即黃石公所謂戰如風發，攻如河決。」 英恐其并力於東，乃使長史李華率五統向西關，分其兵勢。 身督諸軍向東關。 先是，馬仙琕使雲騎將軍馬廣率眾拒屯於長薄，軍主胡文超別屯松峴。 英至長薄，馬廣夜遁入於武陽，英進師攻之。 聞衍遣其冠軍將軍彭瓫生、驃騎將軍徐超秀援武陽。 英乃緩軍，曰：「縱之使入此城，吾先曾觀其形勢，易攻耳，吾取之如拾遺也。」 諸將未之信。 瓫生等既入武陽，英促圍攻之，六日而廣等降。 於是進擊黃峴，衍太子左衞率李元履棄城奔竄。 又討西關，衍司州刺史馬仙琕亦即退走，果如英策。 凡擒其大將六人，支將二十人，卒七千，米四十萬石，軍資稱是。
Because Xing Luan had already broken Zaosheng, Shizong sent Ying south to Yiyang. Ying, short of men, begged for troops; Shizong refused. Yet he joined Xing Luan, took Xuancheng together, and marched on. While Gouren held Xuancheng, Zhang Daoning held Chucheng; hearing Ying approached, they fled south. Ying ran them down, killed Daoning and Cao Kusheng of the Tiger Guard, and took every man. At Yiyang he planned the Three Passes: "They need each other like two hands—take one, and the other two fall without a fight. Strike the easy, not the hard. The East Pass is weak—take it first, as the Yellow Stone Elder said: fight like wind, strike like a broken river." Fearing a concentration in the east, he sent Chief Clerk Li Hua with five columns against the West Pass to split their strength. He led the main force to the East Pass. Earlier Ma Xianbi had posted Ma Guang at Changbo and Hu Wenchao at Songxian. At Changbo, Ma Guang slipped away by night into Wuyang; Ying followed and besieged him. Word came that Yan's Champion Peng Fusheng and Flying Cavalry Xu Chaoxiu were marching to relieve Wuyang. Ying slowed his march. "Let them in—I know that ground; it is easy. I will take it as one picks up what was dropped." His officers did not believe him. Once Fusheng was inside, Ying pressed the siege; in six days Ma Guang surrendered. He struck Huangxian; Yan's Left Guard Leader Li Yuanyi fled. He took the West Pass; Ma Xianbi fled at once—just as Ying had foreseen. He took six great generals, twenty subordinates, seven thousand men, four hundred thousand piculs of grain, and full stores.
45
還朝，除尚書僕射。 永平三年，英薨，給東園祕器、朝服一具、帛七百匹，贈司徒公，諡曰獻武王。 英五子。
Back at court he became Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. In Yongping year 3 he died; the court gave secret funeral gear, court robes, seven hundred bolts of silk, posthumous rank as Duke of the Secretariat, and the title Prince Xianwu. Ying had five sons.
46
英子攸
Ying's son: You
47
攸，字玄興，東宮洗馬。 早卒，贈散騎侍郎。
You, courtesy name Xuanxing, served as Eastern Palace Preceptor. He died young and was posthumously made Scattered Cavalier Attendant.
48
攸弟中山文莊王熙 （附子景獻仲獻叔獻叔仁／叔仁子琳）
You's younger brother: Xi, Prince Wenzhuang of Zhongshan (Sons: Jingxian, Zhongxian, Shuxian, Shuren; Shuren's son: Lin)
49
攸弟熙，字真興。 好學，俊爽有文才，聲著於世，然輕躁浮動。 英深慮非保家之主，常欲廢之，立第四子略為世子，宗議不聽，略又固請，乃止。 起家祕書郎，延昌二年襲封，累遷兼將作大匠，拜太常少卿、給事黃門侍郎，尋轉光祿勳。 時領軍于忠執政。 熙，忠之壻也，故歲中驟遷。 尋除平西將軍、東秦州刺史，進號安西將軍，祕書監。 尋以本將軍授相州刺史。 熙以七月入治，其日大風寒雨，凍死者二十餘人，驢馬數十匹。 熙聞其祖父前事，心惡之。 又有蛆生其庭。
You's brother Xi, courtesy name Zhenxing. He loved books, was brilliant and literary, famed in his day—yet frivolous and restless. Ying feared he would ruin the house and tried to make his fourth son Lüe heir; the clan refused, and Lüe refused too—so he desisted. He entered service as a secretariat attendant, inherited in Yanxi year 2, rose through construction and ritual posts to Yellow Gate attendant-in-ordinary, then Minister of the Household. Yu Zhong, area commander-in-chief, held the government. Xi was Zhong's son-in-law and was promoted with unnatural speed. Soon he was Pacify-the-West General and Eastern Qinzhou inspector, then Pacify-the-Qin General and palace librarian. He was then made inspector of Xiangzhou under the same rank. He took office in the seventh month; that day a gale and cold rain killed more than twenty men and dozens of pack animals. He brooded on his grandfather's fate. Maggots bred in his courtyard.
50
初，熙兄弟並為清河王懌所昵，及劉騰、元叉隔絕二宮，矯詔殺懌，熙乃起兵，上表曰：「臣聞安危無常，時有休否。 臣早屬休明，晚逢多難。 自皇基綿茂，九葉承光，高祖、世宗，徽明相襲。 皇太后聖敬自天，德同馬鄧； 至尊神叡纂御，神鑒燭遠。 四海晏如，八表歸化。 而領軍將軍元叉寵藉外親，叨榮左右，豺狼為心，飽便反嚙。 遂使二宮阻隔，溫凊闕禮，又太傅清河王橫被屠害。 致使忠臣烈士，喪氣闕庭； 親賢宗戚，憤恨內外。 妄指鹿馬，孰能踰之； 王董權逼，方此非譬。 臣仰瞻雲闕，泣血而生，以細草不除，將為爛漫，況叉悖逆如此，孰可忍之！ 臣忝籍枝蕚，思盡力命，碎首屠肝，甘之若薺。 今輒起義兵，實甲八萬，大徒既進，文武爭先，與并州刺史、城陽王徽，恒州刺史、廣陽王淵，徐州刺史、齊王蕭寶夤等，同以今月十四日俱發。 庶仰憑祖宗之靈，俯罄義夫之命，掃翦兇醜，更清京邑。 臣親總三軍，星邁赴難，置兵溫城，伏聽天旨。 王公宰輔，或世著忠烈，或宿佩恩顧，如能同力，翦除元叉，使太后至尊忻然奉對者，臣即解甲散兵，赴謝朝闕。 臣雖才乖昔人，位居蕃屏，寧容坐觀姦醜，虛受榮祿哉！」 熙兵起甫十日，為其長史柳元章、別駕游荊、魏郡太守李孝怡率諸城人，鼓譟而入，殺熙左右四十餘人，執熙，置之高樓，并其子弟。 叉遣尚書左丞盧同斬之於鄴街，傳首京師。
Once he and his brothers had been close to Prince Yi of Qinghe; when Liu Teng and Yuan Cha walled off the palaces and forged an edict to kill Yi, Xi raised troops and wrote: "Safety and danger have no fixed hour. I was born to brightness and met only hardship. Nine generations have flourished since Gaozu and Shizong. The Empress Dowager's virtue equals Ma and Deng; His Majesty rules with divine sight. The realm is calm; the eight directions submit. Yet Yuan Cha, favored through kin, sits at the emperor's side with a wolf's heart—fed full, he bites. He walled off the Two Palaces, ended the rites of filial care, and had Prince Yi of Qinghe butchered. Loyal men lost heart at the gate; kin and worthies seethed within and without. Calling deer horses—who can outdo that? Wang Mang and Dong Zhuo beside this are nothing. I weep blood beneath the cloud gate—uncut grass becomes a jungle; Cha's crime is worse—who can bear it? I am of the imperial branch and will spend life and liver gladly. I raise eight myriad men in arms; with Prince Hui of Chengyang, Prince Yuan of Guangyang, and Xiao Baoyin of Qi I march on the fourteenth. By our ancestors' shades we will scour the villains and clear the capital. I lead three armies to Warm City and wait on Heaven's word. Princes and ministers famed for loyalty—join me, cut down Cha, restore the Empress Dowager and the Son of Heaven to one another, and I will lay down arms at the gate. I hold a frontier fief—how can I watch villains and still draw salary?" Ten days after he rose, his chief clerk, vice director, and Wei governor led the townsfolk in, killed forty of his men, seized Xi and his sons, and held them in a tower. Cha sent Lu Tong to behead him in the streets of Ye and sent his head to the capital.
51
始熙妃于氏知熙必敗，不從其謀，自初哭泣不絕，至於熙死。 熙臨刑為五言詩，示其僚吏曰：「義實動君子，主辱死忠臣。 何以明是節，將解七尺身。」 與知友別曰：「平生方寸心，殷勤屬知己。 從今一銷化，悲傷無極已。」
His wife Lady Yu knew he would fail, refused his plot, and wept without stop until he died. Facing death he wrote five lines for his staff: "Righteousness stirs the noble heart; a lord's shame calls the loyal man to die. How shall I show this faith? I give up seven feet of flesh." To friends he said: "All my life one heart I gave to friends. Now it melts away—grief without end."
52
熙既蕃王之貴，加有文學，好奇愛異，交結偉俊，風氣甚高，名美當世，先達後進，多造其門。 始熙之鎮鄴也，知友才學之士袁翻、李琰、李神儁、王誦兄弟、裴敬憲等咸餞於河梁，賦詩告別。 及熙將死，復與知故書曰：「吾與弟並蒙皇太后知遇，兄據大州，弟則入侍，殷勤言色，恩同慈母。 今皇太后見廢北宮，太傅清河王橫受屠酷，主上幼年，獨在前殿。 君親如此，無以自安，故率兵民建大義於天下。 但智力淺短，旋見囚執，上慚朝廷，下愧相知。 本以名義干心，不得不爾，流腸碎首，復何言哉！ 昔李斯憶上蔡黃犬，陸機想華亭鶴唳，豈不以恍惚無際，一去不還者乎？ 今欲對秋月，臨春風，藉芳草，蔭花樹，廣召名勝，賦詩洛濱，其可得乎？ 凡百君子，各敬爾宜，為國為身，善勗名節，立功立事，為身而已，吾何言哉！」 時人憐之。
A frontier prince and a man of letters, he sought out brilliant company; the age praised him, and many came to his door. When he left for Ye, Yuan Fan, Li Shenjun, the Wang brothers, Pei Jingxian, and others saw him off at River Bridge with poems. Before death he wrote to friends: "My brother and I were cherished by the Empress Dowager—he in a great province, I at court—treated like sons. Now she is confined in the North Palace, Prince Yi was butchered, and the boy emperor sits alone. I could not rest; I raised arms in the name of righteousness. My wits were short; I was seized at once—shame to the court, shame to you. Duty drove me; guts spill—what more can I say? Li Si remembered Shangcai's yellow dog; Lu Ji the crane at Huating—gone, never back. I will not face the moon, the wind, the grass, the trees, or poems on the Luo again. Live for the state and for yourselves; make merit; I have no more words." Men pitied him.
53
又熙於任城王澄薨前，夢有人告之曰：「任城當死。 死後二百日外，君亦不免。 若其不信，試看任城家。」 熙夢中顧瞻任城第舍，四面牆崩，無遺堵焉。 熙惡之，覺而以告所親。 及熙之死也，果如所夢。 兄弟三人，每從英征伐，在軍貪暴，或因迎降逐北，至有斬殺無辜，多增首級，以為功狀。 又于忠之誣郭祚、裴植也，忠意未決害之，由熙勸奬，遂至極法，世以為冤。 及熙之禍，議者以為有報應焉。
Before Prince Cheng of Ren died, Xi dreamed a voice said, "Ren will die. Two hundred days later you will not escape. If you doubt it, look at Ren's mansion." In the dream he saw Ren's walls fall on every side to the ground. He woke in dread and told his kin. When he died, it was as the dream had said. All three followed Ying to war and grew greedy and cruel—sometimes killing the innocent among surrendering fugitives to pad their body counts. When Yu Zhong framed Guo Zuo and Pei Zhi, Xi urged him on to execution—the world called it injustice. When Xi fell, men said it was retribution.
54
靈太后反政，贈使持節、都督冀定瀛相幽五州諸軍事、大將軍、太尉公、冀州刺史，增本封一千戶，諡曰文莊王。
When Empress Dowager Ling returned to power, she restored him as commander of five provinces, Grand General, Grand Commandant, added a thousand households, and titled him Prince Wenzhuang.
55
長子景獻，次仲獻，次叔獻，並與熙同被害。 後贈景獻中軍將軍、青州刺史，葬以王禮； 仲獻左將軍、兗州刺史； 叔獻右將軍、齊州刺史。
Jingxian, Zhongxian, and Shuxian died with him. Jingxian was later made Central Army General and Qingzhou inspector and buried as a prince; Zhongxian as Left General and Yanzhou inspector; Shuxian as Right General and Qizhou inspector.
56
叔獻弟叔仁，以年幼獲全，與母于氏徙朔州。 孝昌初，靈太后詔叔仁歸京師，還其財宅，襲先爵。 除征虜將軍、通直散騎常侍。 孝莊初，遇害於河陰，贈衞大將軍、儀同三司、并州刺史。
Young Shuren was spared and sent to Shuozhou with his mother Lady Yu. In the first year of Xiaochang Ling ordered Shuren home, restored his estate, and let him inherit. He became General Who Subdues the Barbarians and regular attendant for direct transmission. At Xiaozhuang's accession he died at Heyin and was posthumously made Guard General with honor equal to the Three Dukes and inspector of Bingzhou.
57
子琳，襲。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Lin succeeded. When Qi took the throne, the fief was reduced as custom required.
58
熙弟誘 （附子始伯）
Xi's younger brother: You (Son: Shibo)
59
熙弟誘，字惠興。 自員外郎稍遷通直郎、太子中庶子、征虜將軍、衞尉少卿，出為右將軍、南秦州刺史。 叉斬之於岐州，妻子得不坐。 追贈車騎大將軍、雍州刺史，後贈儀同三司，追封都昌縣開國伯，食邑八百戶，諡曰恭。
Xi's brother You, courtesy name Huixing. He rose from outer attendant to crown prince's central attendant, Guard vice director, then Right General and Southern Qinzhou inspector. Cha executed him in Qizhou; his family was spared. He was posthumously made Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Yongzhou inspector, later equal to the Three Dukes, founding Earl of Duchang with eight hundred households, titled Gong.
60
子始伯，襲。 給事中。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Shibo succeeded. Shibo served as palace attendant. When Qi took the throne, the title was reduced by precedent.
61
誘弟東平文貞王略 （附子景式）
You's younger brother: Lüe, Prince Wenzhen of Dongping (Son: Jingshi)
62
誘弟略，字儁興。 才氣劣於熙，而有和邃之譽。 自員外郎稍遷羽林監、通直散騎常侍、冠軍將軍、給事黃門侍郎。
You's brother Lüe, courtesy name Junxing. Less brilliant than Xi, he was known for calm depth. He rose through the feathered forest, scattered cavalier, champion general, to Yellow Gate attendant-in-ordinary.
63
清河王懌死後，叉黜略為懷朔鎮副將。 未及赴任，會熙起兵，與略書來去。 尋值熙敗，略遂潛行，自託舊識河內司馬始賓。 始賓便為荻筏，夜與略俱渡盟津，詣上黨屯留縣栗法光。 法光素敦信義，忻而納之。 略舊識刁雙時為西河太守，略復歸之。 停止經年，雙乃令從子昌送略潛遁江左。 蕭衍甚禮敬之，封略為中山王，邑一千戶，宣城太守。
After Prince Yi's death, Cha demoted him to deputy at Huaishuo Garrison. Before he took post, Xi rebelled and letters passed between the brothers. When Xi fell, Lüe fled in secret to Shi Bin, interior minister of Henei. Bin built a reed raft; by night they crossed the Meng Ford to Li Faguang at Tunliu in Shangdang. Faguang, a man of faith, welcomed him gladly. Lüe's friend Diao Shuang was Western River governor; Lüe went to him next. He stayed a year; Shuang's nephew Chang smuggled him south of the Yangzi. Xiao Yan honored him, made him Prince of Zhongshan with a thousand households, and Xuancheng governor.
64
俄而徐州刺史元法僧據城南叛，州內士庶皆為法僧擁逼。 衍乃以略為大都督，令詣彭城，接誘初附。 略至，屯於河南，為安樂王鑒所破，略唯數十騎入城。 衍尋遣其豫章王綜鎮徐州，徵略與法僧同還。 略雖在江南，自以家禍，晨夜哭泣，身若居喪。 又惡法僧為人，與法僧言，未嘗一笑。 衍復除略衡州刺史，未行。 會綜以城歸國，綜長史江革、司馬祖暅、將士五千人悉見擒虜。 肅宗敕有司悉遣革等還南，因以徵略。 衍乃備禮遣之。
Soon Yuan Faseng rebelled at Xuzhou and dragged the province with him. Yan made Lüe grand commander and sent him to Pengcheng to win new submits. Lüe camped south of the River; Prince Jian of Anle routed him, and only a few dozen horsemen reached the city. Yan sent Prince Zong of Yuzhang to hold Xuzhou and recalled Lüe and Faseng. In the south he wept day and night for his family's ruin, living as in mourning. He despised Faseng and never smiled in his presence. Yan named him inspector of Hengzhou; he never went. When Zong turned the city over to Wei, his chief clerk Jiang Ge, marshal Zu Yang, and five thousand troops were taken captive. Suzong ordered the court to return Ge and the rest to the south and to summon Lue home. Yan then sent him away with full ceremony.
65
略之將還也，衍為置酒餞別，賜金銀百斤，衍之百官，悉送別江上，遣其右衞徐確率百餘人送至京師。 肅宗詔光祿大夫刁雙境首勞問，又敕徐州賜絹布各一千匹。 除略侍中、義陽王，食邑一千戶。 還達石人驛亭，詔宗室、親黨、內外百官先相識者，聽迎之近郊。 賜帛三千匹，宅一區，粟五千石，奴婢三十人。 其司馬始賓除給事中、領直後，栗法光本縣令，刁昌東平太守，刁雙西兗州刺史。 其略所至，一餐一宿之處，無不霑賞。
As Lue prepared to leave, Yan gave a farewell feast and a hundred jin of gold and silver; every Liang minister saw him off on the river, and Xu Que of the Right Guard led a hundred men to escort him to the capital. Suzong sent Grand Master of Splendid Happiness Diao Shuang to the frontier to welcome him and ordered a thousand bolts each of silk and cloth for Xuzhou. He was named attendant-in-ordinary and prince of Yiyang with a thousand-household fief. At Shiren post station an edict let clan kin, relatives, and any courtier who already knew him meet him in the near suburbs. He received three thousand bolts of silk, a mansion, five thousand shi of grain, and thirty slaves. His old marshal Shi Bin became supervising attendant and led the Straight Rear; Li Faguang became his home-county magistrate; Diao Chang became Dongping administrator; Diao Shuang became Western Yanzhou inspector. Every inn or house that had fed or lodged him even once was showered with gifts.
66
尋改封東平王，又拜車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫、儀同三司、領左衞將軍，侍中如故。 又本官領國子祭酒，遷大將軍、尚書令。 [4]靈太后甚寵任之，其見委信，殆與元徽相埒。 於時天下多事，軍國萬端，略守常自保，無他裨益，唯唯具臣而已。
Soon he was re-created prince of Dongping and named general of chariots and cavalry, left grand master of splendid happiness, equal in honor to the three dukes, and commander of the left guard while keeping attendant-in-ordinary. He kept the national university directorship and was promoted to great general and director of the masters of writing. [4] Empress Dowager Ling doted on him; her trust in him nearly matched Yuan Hui's. The realm was in turmoil and state and army affairs endless; Lue held to routine, looked after himself, and offered nothing beyond a yes-man's compliance.
67
尒朱榮，略之姑夫，略素所輕忽，略又黨於鄭儼、徐紇，榮兼銜之。 榮入洛也，見害於河陰。 贈以本官，加太保、司空、徐州刺史，諡曰文貞。
Erzhu Rong was his uncle by marriage and a man he had long despised; Lue also backed Zheng Yan and Xu He, and Rong hated him twice over. When Rong took Luoyang, Lue died in the Heyin massacre. Posthumously he kept his ranks and was added grand guardian, minister of works, and Xuzhou inspector, styled Wen Zhen.
68
子景式，襲。 武定中，北廣平太守。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Jingshi succeeded. Under Wuding he governed Northern Guangping. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
69
略弟纂 （附子子獻）
Lue's younger brother Zuan (Appended son: Zixian)
70
略弟纂，字紹興，頗有將略。 為司徒祭酒。 聞熙舉兵，因逃奔於鄴，至即見擒，與熙俱死。 追封北平縣公，贈安北將軍、恒州刺史，改封高唐縣開國侯，食邑八百戶。
Lue's younger brother Zuan, styled Shaoxing, showed real talent in war. He served as libationer of the ministry of rites. When Xi rose in arms he fled to Ye, was seized at once, and died with him. Posthumously he was made duke of Beiping county and given general who pacifies the north and Hengzhou inspector, then re-created founding marquis of Gaotang with eight hundred households.
71
子子獻，襲。 卒於涇州司馬。
His son Zixian succeeded. He died as Jingzhou vice director.
72
熙異母弟武邑王義興 （附子述）
Xi's younger half-brother, Prince of Wuyi Yixing (Appended son: Shu)
73
熙異母弟義興，出後叔父並洛。 肅宗初，除員外散騎侍郎。 及熙之遇害也，義興以別後，故得不坐。 稍遷輔國將軍、通直散騎常侍。 孝莊初，於河陰遇害。 贈中軍將軍、瀛州刺史。 後贈散騎常侍、征東將軍，餘如故。 義興妻，趙郡李氏。 李頗有婦工，為尒朱榮妻所親昵。 永安中，追封義興燕郡王，邑五百戶，尋改封鉅鹿王，又改封武邑王。
Xi's half-brother Yixing was adopted by their uncle Bingluo. Early in Suzong's reign he was made outer attendant cavalier in ordinary service. When Xi was destroyed, Yixing escaped punishment because he had been adopted away. He rose to general who assists the state and regular attendant cavalier in ordinary service. Early in Xiaozhuang's reign he died at Heyin. Posthumously he was named general of the central army and Yingzhou inspector. Later he was also given regular attendant cavalier in ordinary service and general who pacifies the east; other ranks unchanged. Yixing's wife was Lady Li of Zhao commandery. Lady Li was skilled in women's crafts and close to Erzhu Rong's wife. In Yong'an Yixing was posthumously made prince of Yan commandery with five hundred households, then prince of Julu, then prince of Wuyi.
74
子述，襲。 天平中，通直郎。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Shu succeeded. Under Tianping he was regular attendant. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
75
扶風王怡
Prince of Fufeng Yi
76
英弟怡，起家步兵校尉，轉城門校尉，遷鄯善鎮將。 所在貪暴，為有司所糾，逃竄得免。 延昌中，卒。 莊帝初，以尒朱榮婦兄，超贈驃騎大將軍、太尉公、雍州刺史、扶風王。
Ying's younger brother Yi rose from footsoldier commandant to city-gate commandant and then Shanshan garrison general. Every post found him greedy and brutal; impeached, he fled and escaped. He died in the Yanchang era. Early in Xiaozhuang's reign, as Erzhu Rong's brother-in-law, he was posthumously raised to general of agile cavalry, grand duke, Yongzhou inspector, and prince of Fufeng.
77
子魯郡王肅 （附子道與）
Son: Prince of Lu Su (Appended son: Daoyu)
78
子道與，襲。 除前將軍。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Daoyu succeeded. He was named general of the van. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
79
東海王曄
Prince of Donghai Ye
80
曄字華興，小字盆子。 性輕躁，有膂力。 起家祕書郎，稍遷通直散騎常侍。 莊帝初，封長廣王，邑一千戶。 出為太原太守，行并州事。 尒朱榮之死也，世隆等奔還并州，與尒朱兆會於建興，乃推曄為主，大赦所部，號年建明。 尋為世隆等所廢。 前廢帝立，封曄為東海王，邑萬戶。 出帝初，坐事賜死於第。 無子，爵除。
Ye, styled Huaxing, childhood name Penzi. He was frivolous and rash, with uncommon strength. He began in the secretariat and rose to regular attendant cavalier in ordinary service. Early in Xiaozhuang's reign he was made prince of Changguang with a thousand households. He went out as Taiyuan administrator and acting Bingzhou commissioner. After Erzhu Rong's death Shilong fled to Bingzhou, joined Erzhu Zhao at Jianxing, set Ye on the throne, amnestied their command, and declared the Jianming era. Soon Shilong and his party deposed him. When the former deposed emperor took the throne, Ye was made prince of Donghai with ten thousand households. Early in the Deposed Emperor's reign he was sentenced to death in his own house. He left no heir and the fief was extinguished.
81
城陽康王長壽
Prince Kang of Chengyang Changshou
82
城陽王長壽，皇興二年封，拜征西大將軍、外都大官。 出為沃野鎮都大將。 性聰惠，善撫接，在鎮甚有威名。 延興五年薨，諡康王。
Changshou was enfeoffed prince of Chengyang in Huangxing year 2 and named general who pacifies the west and grand director of the outer court. He went out as grand general of Woye garrison. Clever and skilled at winning men, he held great authority in his command. He died in Yanxing year 5 and was posthumously styled Kang.
83
長子多侯
Eldest son: Duohou
84
長子多侯，早卒。
The eldest son Duohou died young.
85
次子城陽懷王鸞
Second son: Prince Huai of Chengyang Luan
86
次子鸞，字宣明。 始繼叔章武敬王，及兄卒，還襲父爵。 身長八尺，腰帶十圍，以武藝著稱。 頻為北都大將。 [5]高祖時，拜外都大官，又出為持節、都督河西諸軍事、征西大將軍、領護西戎校尉、涼州鎮都大將。 改鎮立州，以鸞為涼州刺史，姑臧鎮都大將，餘如故。
The second son Luan, styled Xuanming. He first succeeded his uncle, Prince Jing of Zhangwu; when his brother died he returned to his father's fief. Eight chi tall, with a ten-wei belt, he was famed for martial prowess. He was repeatedly named grand general of the northern capital. [5] Under Gaozu he became grand director of the outer court, then bearer of the staff, commander of Hexi, general who pacifies the west, protector of the western Rong, and Liangzhou garrison grand general. The garrison became a province; Luan was made Liangzhou inspector and Guzang garrison grand general, other ranks unchanged.
87
後朝于京師。 會車駕南討，領鎮軍將軍。 定都洛陽，高祖幸鄴，詔鸞留守。 乃開建五等，食邑一千戶。 除使持節，征南大將軍，都督豫荊郢三州、河內山陽東郡諸軍事，與安南將軍盧淵、李佐攻赭陽，不克，敗退而還。 時高祖幸瑕丘，鸞請罪行宮。 高祖引見鸞等，責之曰：「卿等總率戎徒，義應奮節，而進不能夷拔賊城，退不能殄茲小寇，虧損王威，罪應大辟。 朕革變之始，事從寬貸，今捨卿等死罪，城陽降為定襄縣王，削戶五百。 古者，軍行必載廟社之主，所以示其威惠各有攸歸，今徵卿等敗軍之罪於社主之前，以彰厥咎。」 後以留守之功，還復本封，增邑二百戶。 除冠軍將軍、河內太守，轉并州刺史。 世宗初，除平東將軍、青州刺史。 後轉安北將軍、定州刺史。
Later he came to court. When the emperor marched south on campaign, he was named general who stabilizes the army. When the capital was set at Luoyang, Gaozu went to Ye and left Luan to hold the city. When the five ranks were instituted his fief stood at a thousand households. He was bearer of the staff, general who pacifies the south, and commander of Yu, Jing, and Ying and of Henei, Shanyang, and Dong; with Lu Yuan and Li Zuo he attacked Zheyang, failed, and retreated beaten. Gaozu was then at Xiaqiu; Luan asked to come to the field palace and accept punishment. Gaozu received Luan and the rest and rebuked them: "You commanded armies and owed the utmost loyalty; yet you could neither take the rebel city nor crush this petty foe—you have shamed the throne and deserve death. At the start of my reforms I show mercy; I spare your lives; the prince of Chengyang is reduced to prince of Dingxiang county and loses five hundred households. Antiquity required temple tablets and altar spirits on campaign to show where authority and mercy lay; I now call your defeat before those spirits to expose your fault." Later, for holding the capital, his original title was restored and two hundred households added. He was named general who overcomes the enemy and Henei administrator, then Bingzhou inspector. Early in Shizong's reign he became general who pacifies the east and Qingzhou inspector. Later he was made general who pacifies the north and Dingzhou inspector.
88
鸞愛樂佛道，修持五戒，不飲酒食肉，積歲長齋。 繕起佛寺，勸率百姓，共為土木之勞，公私費擾，頗為民患。 世宗聞而詔曰：「鸞親唯宗懿，作牧大州，民物殷繁，綏寧所屬，宜克己厲誠，崇清樹惠，而乃驟相徵發，專為煩擾，編戶嗷嗷，家懷嗟怨。 北州土廣，姦亂是由，準法尋愆，應加肅黜。 以鸞戚屬，情有未忍，可遣使者，以義督責，奪祿一周，微示威罰也。」
Luan loved Buddhism; he kept the five precepts, ate no meat and drank no wine, and fasted for years. He raised temples, pressed the people into earth-and-timber labor, and harassed public and private purse alike until he was a plague on the land. Shizong heard and issued an edict: "Luan is imperial kin governing a populous province; his charge is peace, yet he has repeatedly conscripted labor for temples alone; households wail and every family grieves. The north is vast and disorder breeds there; by law his faults warrant dismissal. As kin, I spare him full disgrace; send an envoy to rebuke him and withhold one year's salary as a token punishment."
89
正始二年薨，時年三十八。 贈帛六百匹，詔中書舍人王雲宣旨臨弔，贈鎮北將軍、冀州刺史，諡懷王。
He died in Zhengshi year 2, aged thirty-eight. Six hundred bolts of silk were granted; Wang Yun of the secretariat was sent to announce the throne's condolences; posthumously he was general who guards the north and Jizhou inspector, styled Huai.
90
子城陽文獻王徽 （附子延）
Son: Prince Wenxian of Chengyang Hui (Appended son: Yan)
91
子徽，字顯順。 粗涉書史，頗有吏才。 世宗時，襲封。 除游擊將軍，出為河內太守。 在郡清整，有民譽。 徵拜長兼散騎常侍。
His son Hui, styled Xianshun. He had dipped into histories and showed real talent for office. Under Shizong he inherited the fief. He was named general of raiding cavalry and Henei administrator. In the commandery he ruled cleanly and won the people's praise. He was recalled as acting regular attendant cavalier in ordinary service.
92
肅宗時，除右將軍、涼州刺史。 徽以徑途阻遠，固請不行。 除散騎常侍。 其年，除後將軍、并州刺史。 先是，州界夏霜，禾稼不熟，民庶逃散，安業者少。 徽輒開倉賑之，文武咸共諫止。 徽曰：「昔汲長孺，郡守耳，尚輒開倉，救民災弊，況我皇家親近，受委大藩，豈可拘法而不救民困也。」 先給後表。 肅宗嘉之。 加安北將軍。 後拜安西將軍、秦州刺史。 詔書旦至夕發。 徽以將之秦部，請詣闕恭授，仍表啟固陳，請不之職。 改授輔國將軍，加度支尚書，進號鎮軍將軍。 于時，戎馬在郊，王師屢敗，徽以軍旅之費，上國封絹二千匹、粟一萬石以助軍用。 肅宗不納。 又以本官兼吏部尚書，加侍中、征東將軍，遷衞將軍、右光祿大夫。 拜尚書左僕射，轉車騎將軍、儀同三司，固辭不拜，聽解侍中，然後受詔。 尋除尚書令，加開府、西道行臺，不行。
Under Suzong he became general of the right and Liangzhou inspector. The road to Liangzhou was long and hard; Hui begged off. He was made regular attendant cavalier in ordinary service. That year he was named general of the rear and Bingzhou inspector. Earlier summer frost had struck the province, crops failed, people fled, and few could keep their fields. Hui opened the granaries at once; civil and military officers alike tried to stop him. Hui said: "Ji Changru was only a commandery chief yet opened the granaries in famine—how can a prince of the blood, entrusted with a great frontier, cling to statute and let the people starve?" He gave grain first and reported afterward. Suzong praised him. He was also named general who pacifies the north. Later he was made general who pacifies the west and Qinzhou inspector. The edict came at dawn and he left that evening. Bound for Qin, he asked to receive the seal at court and memorialized again and again to decline the post. He was shifted to general who assists the state, made director of revenue in the masters of writing, and promoted to general who stabilizes the army. War had reached the suburbs and the royal army kept losing; Hui gave two thousand bolts of silk and ten thousand shi of grain from his fief for the campaign. Suzong refused the gift. He also held personnel in the masters of writing, attendant-in-ordinary, general who pacifies the east, then general of the guard and right grand master of splendid happiness. He was made left vice director of the masters of writing, then general of chariots and cavalry with equal honor to the three dukes; he refused until allowed to shed attendant-in-ordinary, then accepted. Soon he was director of the masters of writing with opening of the office and western touring secretariat, but would not take the field post.
93
時靈太后專制，朝綱頹褫。 徽既居寵任，無所匡弼，與鄭儼之徒，更相阿黨。 外似柔謹，內多猜忌，睚眦之忿，必思報復。 識者嫉之。 又不能防閑其妻于氏，遂與廣陽王淵姦通。 及淵受任軍府，每有表啟，論徽罪過，雖涉誣毀，頗亦實焉。
Empress Dowager Ling ruled alone and court discipline rotted. Though favored, Hui corrected nothing; he and Zheng Yan's circle traded factions. Outwardly mild, inwardly suspicious, he repaid every slight. Knowing men despised him. He could not restrain his wife Lady Yu, who took Prince Yuan of Guangyang as lover. When Yuan commanded the army staff, every memorial denounced Hui; much of the slander was true.
94
莊帝踐阼，拜司州牧，尋除司徒，仍領牧。 元顥入洛，徽從莊帝北巡，及車駕還宮，以與謀之功，除侍中、大司馬、太尉公，加羽葆、鼓吹，增邑通前二萬戶，餘官如故。 徽表辭官封，前後屢上。 又啟云：「河上之功，將士之力，求回所封，加諸勳義。」 徽為莊帝親待，內懼榮寵，故有此辭，以防外議。 莊帝識其意，聽其辭封，不許讓官。
When Xiaozhuang took the throne, Hui became Sizhou governor, then minister of education while keeping the governorship. When Yuan Hao took Luoyang, Hui followed Xiaozhuang north; on the return, for the plot's merit he was attendant-in-ordinary, grand marshal, and grand duke with canopy and martial music, his fief raised to twenty thousand households, other ranks unchanged. Hui memorialized to decline rank and fief again and again. He also wrote: "The victory on the river belonged to the soldiers; return my fief to them." Xiaozhuang favored him; fearing excess honor, he declined to blunt gossip. Xiaozhuang saw through him, let the fief go, and kept the offices.
95
徽後妻，莊帝舅女。 侍中李彧，帝之姊婿。 徽性佞媚，善自取容，挾內外之意，宗室親戚莫與比焉。 遂與彧等勸帝圖榮，莊帝亦先有意。 榮死，世隆等屯據不解。 除徽太保，仍大司馬、宗師、錄尚書事，總統內外。 徽本意謂榮死後，枝葉自應散亡。 及尒朱宗族，聚結謀難，徽算略無出，憂怖而已。 性多嫉妬，不欲人居其前。 每入參謀議，獨與帝決。 朝臣有上軍國籌策者，並勸帝不納，乃云小賊何慮不除。 又吝惜財用，自家及國。 於是有所賞錫，咸出薄少，或多而中減，與而復追。 徒有糜費，恩不感物。 莊帝雅自約狹，尤亦徽所贊成。 太府少卿李苗，徽司徒時司馬也，徽待之頗厚。 苗每致忠言，徽自得志，多不採納。 苗謂人曰：「城陽本自蜂目，而豺聲復將露也。」
Hui's second wife was the emperor's cousin by marriage. Attendant-in-Ordinary Li Yu was the emperor's brother-in-law. Fawning and skilled at currying favor, he used court and clan ties as no other prince could match. With Yu and the rest he urged the emperor to move against Rong; Xiaozhuang had long meant to. After Rong's death Shilong's faction held together and would not disperse. Hui was made grand guardian while keeping grand marshal, imperial clan mentor, and recorder of the masters of writing, commanding court and camp. He had assumed Rong's kin would scatter once Rong was dead. When the Erzhu clan gathered to rebel, Hui had no plan—only fear. Jealous by nature, he would brook no one ahead of him. In council he alone decided with the emperor. When ministers offered strategy, he told the emperor to reject it, calling the Erzhu a trifle easily crushed. He was miserly with his own purse and the state's alike. Rewards were always thin, or large gifts halved, or granted and then clawed back. Money was wasted yet gratitude never followed. Xiaozhuang was frugal by nature, and Hui above all encouraged it. Li Miao of the imperial treasury had been Hui's vice director when he was minister of education; Hui treated him well. Miao often spoke plainly; once Hui had power, he seldom listened. Miao told others: "The prince of Chengyang was born with bee eyes—and now the jackal's howl is coming."
96
及尒朱兆之入，禁衞奔散，莊帝步出雲龍門。 徽乘馬奔度，帝頻呼之，徽不顧而去。 遂走山南，至故吏寇彌宅。 彌外雖容納，內不自安，乃怖徽云，官捕將至，令其避他所。 使人於路邀害，送屍於尒朱兆。
When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang the guards broke; Xiaozhuang walked out the Cloud Dragon Gate. Hui spurred his horse across; the emperor called again and again, but Hui would not turn back. He fled south of the mountains to his old clerk Kou Mi's house. Mi sheltered him outwardly but inwardly feared him; he terrified Hui with word that arrest was near and sent him elsewhere. He had men ambush and kill him on the road and sent the body to Erzhu Zhao.
97
出帝初，贈使持節、侍中、太師、大司馬、錄尚書事、司州牧，諡曰文獻。
Early in the Deposed Emperor's reign he was posthumously bearer of the staff, attendant-in-ordinary, grand preceptor, grand marshal, recorder of the masters of writing, and Sizhou governor, styled Wenxian.
98
子延，襲爵。 武定末，官至太子中庶子。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Yan succeeded. Late in Wuding he rose to junior mentor of the heir apparent. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
99
徽長兄顯魏
Hui's elder brother: Xianwei
100
徽兄顯魏，給事中、司徒掾。 卒，贈輔國將軍、東豫州刺史。
Hui's elder brother Xianwei was supervising attendant and aide of the ministry of education. He died and was posthumously general who assists the state and Eastern Yuzhou inspector.
101
徽次兄顯恭 （附子彦昭）
Hui's second elder brother: Xiangong (Appended son: Yanzhao)
102
徽次兄顯恭，字懷忠。 揚州別駕，以軍功封平陽縣開國子，邑三百戶。 孝莊初，除北中郎將，遷左將軍、東徐州刺史。 入為安東將軍、大司農卿。 尋除中軍將軍、荊州刺史。 莊帝既殺尒朱榮，乃除顯恭使持節、都督晉建南汾三州諸軍事、鎮西將軍、兼尚書左僕射、西北道行臺、晉州刺史。 尒朱兆入洛後，死於晉陽。 出帝初，贈衞大將軍、并州刺史，重贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司。
Hui's second elder brother Xiangong, styled Huaizhong. He was Yangzhou vice director and, for military merit, founding marquis of Pingyang with three hundred households. Early in Xiaozhuang's reign he was general of the north center, then general of the left and Eastern Xuzhou inspector. He came in as general who pacifies the east and grand minister of agriculture. Soon he was general of the central army and Jingzhou inspector. After Xiaozhuang killed Erzhu Rong, Xiangong was bearer of the staff, commander of Jin, Jian, and Nanfen, general who pacifies the west, left vice director of the masters of writing, northwestern touring secretariat, and Jinzhou inspector. After Erzhu Zhao took Luoyang he died at Jinyang. Early in the Deposed Emperor's reign he was posthumously general of the guard and Bingzhou inspector; later also general of chariots and cavalry with equal honor to the three dukes.
103
子彥昭，襲。 武定中，漁陽太守。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Yanzhao succeeded. Under Wuding he governed Yuyang. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
104
顯恭弟襄城郡王旭
Xiangong's younger brother: Prince of Xiangcheng Xu
105
顯恭弟旭，字顯和。 莊帝時，封襄城郡王，邑一千戶。 武定末，位至大司馬。 齊受禪，爵例降。
Xiangong's younger brother Xu, styled Xianhe. Under Xiaozhuang he was prince of Xiangcheng commandery with a thousand households. Late in Wuding he rose to grand marshal. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
106
章武敬王太洛
Prince Jing of Zhangwu Tailuo
107
章武王太洛，皇興二年薨。 追贈征北大將軍、章武郡王，諡曰敬。 無子。 高祖初，以南安惠王第二子彬為後。
Prince of Zhangwu Tailuo died in Huangxing year 2. Posthumously he was general who pacifies the north and prince of Zhangwu commandery, styled Jing. He left no heir. Early in Gaozu's reign Bin, second son of Prince Hui of Nan'an, was made his heir.
108
嗣子彬
Heir: Bin
109
彬，字豹兒，襲爵。 勇健有武用。 出為使持節、都督東秦豳夏三州諸軍事、鎮西大將軍、西戎校尉、統萬鎮都大將、朔州刺史。 [6]以貪惏削封。 是時吐京胡反，詔彬持節，假平北將軍，行汾州事，率并肆之眾往討之，胡平，仍除征虜將軍、汾州刺史。 胡民去居等六百餘人，保險謀反，扇動徒類。 彬請兵二萬，有司奏許之。 高祖大怒曰：「何有動兵馬理也！ 可隨宜肅治若不能權方靜帖，必須大眾者，則先斬刺史，然後發兵。」 彬奉詔大懼，而率州兵，身先將士，討胡平之。 太和二十三年卒。 賜錢十萬、絹二百匹，贈以本官，加散騎常侍。 彬有五子。
Bin, styled Bao'er, succeeded. Brave and martial. He went out bearer of the staff, commander of Eastern Qin, Bin, and Xia, general who pacifies the west, protector of the western Rong, Tongwan garrison grand general, and Shuozhou inspector. [6] Greed cost him part of his fief. When the Tujing Hu rebelled, Bin was bearer of the staff, acting general who pacifies the north, and acting Fenzhou commissioner; he led Bing and Si troops to crush them, then was named general who punishes the barbarians and Fenzhou inspector. More than six hundred Hu households under Quju held the passes and stirred their clans to revolt. Bin asked for twenty thousand men; the court approved. Gaozu raged: "What reason is there to march an army! Quiet them by whatever means fit; if you cannot settle it without a host, behead the inspector first, then raise the army." Bin took the edict to heart and was terrified; he led the provincial troops in person at the head of his men, attacked the rebels, and pacified them. He died in Taihe year 23. The court granted one hundred thousand cash and two hundred bolts of silk, restored his former rank posthumously, and added Regular Attendant at the Palace Secretariat. Bin had five sons.
110
長子章武莊武王融 （附子景哲、朗、黃頭）
Eldest son: Rong, Prince Zhuangwu of Zhangwu (Sons: Jingzhe, Lang, and Huangtou)
111
長子融，字永興。 儀貌壯麗，衣冠甚偉，性通率，有豪氣。 高祖時，拜祕書郎。 世宗初，復先爵，除驍騎將軍。
The eldest son, Rong, styled himself Yongxing. He was imposing in looks and splendid in dress; open by nature, with a bold spirit. Under Gaozu he was made a secretariat gentleman. When Shizong came to the throne his father's title was restored and he was named General of Valiant Cavalry.
112
蕭衍遣將，寇逼淮陽，梁城陷沒，詔融假節、征虜將軍、別將南討，大摧賊眾，還復梁城。 于時，揚州刺史元嵩為奴所害，敕融行揚州事。 尋除假節、征虜將軍、并州刺史。
Liang's Xiao Yan sent generals against Huaiyang and took Liang city. Rong was commissioned as acting commissioner and General Who Pacifies the Barbarians to lead the southern strike force; he broke the enemy badly and retook Liang city. When Yang inspector Yuan Song was murdered by a slave, Rong was ordered to govern the province. Soon he was made acting commissioner, General Who Pacifies the Barbarians, and inspector of Bing.
113
及世宗崩，兼司空，營陪景陵。 拜宗正卿，以本官行瀛州事，遇疾不行。 未幾，除散騎常侍、平東將軍、青州刺史。 還為祕書監，遷中護軍，進號撫軍將軍，領河南尹，加征東將軍。 性尤貪殘，恣情聚斂，為中尉糾彈，削除官爵。 汾夏山胡叛逆，連結正平、平陽，詔復融前封，征東將軍、持節、都督以討之。 融寡於經略，為胡所敗。 久之，加散騎常侍、衞將軍、左光祿大夫。
After Shizong's death he was named Minister of Works and supervised work at Jingling. He was made director of the imperial clan and, retaining his rank, was to govern Ying—but illness kept him from setting out. Before long he was Regular Attendant, General Who Pacifies the East, and Qing inspector. He came back as secretariat supervisor, became central guardian of the army, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army, took Henan as intendant, and was further named General Who Campaigns East. Greedy and cruel by nature, he plundered at will until the commandant of justice impeached him and stripped rank and office. Mountain Hu in Fen and Xia rose, tying Zhengping to Pingyang. An edict restored Rong's title, named him General Who Campaigns East with staff and overall command, and sent him against them. Rong lacked strategy and the Hu routed him. Long afterward he was again Regular Attendant, General of the Guard, and Grand Master of Splendid Virtue on the Left.
114
後賊帥鮮于脩禮寇暴瀛定二州，長孫稚等討之，失利。 除融車騎將軍，為前驅左軍都督，與廣陽王淵等共討脩禮。 師渡交津，葛榮殺脩禮而自立。 轉營至白牛邏，輕騎擊融。 融苦戰終日，更無外援，遂大奔敗，於陳見殺。 肅宗為舉哀於東堂，賜東園祕器、朝服一具、綵二千八百段，贈侍中、都督雍華岐三州諸軍事、本將軍、司空、雍州刺史。 尋以融死王事，進贈司徒，加前後部鼓吹。 諡曰莊武。
Later the bandit Xianyu Xiuli ravaged Ying and Ding; Zhangsun Zhi and others attacked him and lost. Rong was made General of the Chariots and Cavalry and forward commander of the left army; with Prince Yuan of Guangyang and others he marched against Xiuli. As the host crossed Jiaojin Ford, Ge Rong killed Xiuli and took command himself. Rong's camp moved to the White Ox palisade, where light horse struck him. Rong fought all day without relief, was utterly broken, and fell in the field. Suzong mourned him in the Eastern Hall, granted state funeral gear, court dress, and twenty-eight hundred lengths of colored silk, and posthumously named him palace attendant, commander-in-chief over Yong, Hua, and Qi, with his former general's rank, Minister of Works, and Yong inspector. Soon, because he had died in royal service, he was further posthumously made Minister of Education with full guard music before and behind. Posthumous title: Zhuangwu.
115
子景哲，襲。 武定中，開府、儀同三司。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Jingzhe inherited. In Wuding he opened a bureau with Three Precedents parity. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
116
景哲弟朗，即後廢帝，語在帝紀。
Jingzhe's younger brother Lang became the later deposed emperor; his life is in the annals.
117
子黃頭，襲。 封安定王，改封安平王。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Huangtou inherited. He was first Prince of Anding, then re-created Prince of Anping. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
118
融弟東安王凝 （附子彦友）
Rong's younger brother: Ning, Prince of Dong'an (Son: Yanyou)
119
融弟凝，字定興。 起家恒州征虜錄事參軍，累遷護軍長史。 凝姑，尒朱榮妻。 莊帝初，封東安王，食邑五百戶。 除持節、安東將軍、兗州刺史，轉濟州刺史，仍本將軍。 永熙二年薨，贈持節、都督滄瀛冀三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、冀州刺史。
Rong's younger brother Ning styled himself Dingxing. He began as recorder on the Heng pacification staff and rose to chief clerk to the guardian of the army. Ning's aunt by marriage was Erzhu Rong's wife. When Zhuangdi came to the throne he was created Prince of Dong'an with five hundred households. He was commissioned with staff as General Who Pacifies the East and Yan inspector, then Ji inspector, retaining his general's rank. He died in Yongxi year 2 and was posthumously given staff, overall command in Cang, Ying, and Ji, the rank of General of Agile Cavalry, and the Ji inspectorate.
120
子彥友，襲。 武定中，光祿大夫。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Yanyou inherited. In Wuding he was Grand Master of Splendid Virtue. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
121
凝弟漁陽王湛 （附子俊）
Ning's younger brother: Zhan, Prince of Yuyang (Son: Jun)
122
凝弟湛，字鎮興。 起家祕書郎，轉尚書左司郎中，[7]遷廷尉少卿。 莊帝初，遇害河陰。 贈征東將軍、青州刺史、追封漁陽王，食邑五百戶。
Ning's younger brother Zhan styled himself Zhenxing. He began in the secretariat, became left section chief in the Masters of Writing, [7] and was promoted vice director of the Court of Justice. When Zhuangdi came to the throne he was killed at Heyin. Posthumously he was General Who Campaigns East and Qing inspector, and re-created posthumously as Prince of Yuyang with five hundred households.
123
子俊，襲。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Jun inherited. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
124
凝弟晏
Ning's younger brother: Yan
125
湛弟晏，字俊興。 卒於祕書丞。 贈平東將軍、祕書監、豫州刺史。
Zhan's younger brother Yan styled himself Junxing. He died as secretariat assistant. Posthumously he was General Who Pacifies the East, secretariat supervisor, and Yu inspector.
126
樂陵康王胡兒
Hu'er, Prince Kang of Leling
127
樂陵王胡兒，和平四年薨。 追封樂陵王，贈征北大將軍，諡曰康。
Hu'er, Prince of Leling, died in Heping year 4. He was posthumously created Prince of Leling and General Who Campaigns North, with the posthumous title Kang.
128
嗣子樂陵密王思譽
Heir: Siyu, Prince Mi of Leling
129
無子。 顯祖詔胡兒兄汝陰王天賜之第二子永全後之，襲封，後改名思譽。 高祖初，蠕蠕犯塞，以思譽為鎮北大將軍、北征大都將。 後除使持節、本將軍、領護匈奴校尉、都督、中軍都將。 出為使持節、鎮東大將軍、和龍鎮都大將、營州刺史，加領護東夷校尉，轉為鎮北將軍，行鎮北大將軍。 高祖引見百官於光極堂，謂思譽曰：「恒代路懸，舊都意重，故屈叔父遠臨此任，不可不敬慎所臨，以副朕望。」 及穆泰陰謀不軌，思譽知而不告，恕死，削封為庶人。 太和末，還復其王封。 正始四年薨。 [8]贈光州刺史，諡曰密王。
He had no son. Emperor Xianzu had Yongquan, second son of Hu'er's elder brother Prince Tiansi of Ruyin, succeed the line; he inherited and was later renamed Siyu. Early in Gaozu's reign, when the Rouran struck the border, Siyu was named General Who Guards the North and grand commander of the northern campaign. Later he held full staff, his former general's rank, the colonelcy protecting the Xiongnu, overall command, and the post of central army general. He went out with full staff as General Who Guards the East, grand commander of the He-Long garrison, and Ying inspector, also holding the colonelcy protecting the eastern Yi; he was then transferred to General Who Guards the North and acted as grand general guarding the north. Gaozu received the officials in the Hall of Luminous Pole and told Siyu: "The road to Heng and Dai is long, and the old capital still weighs on the heart—so I have asked my uncle to come far and hold this post. Be reverent and careful in all you govern, and do not fail what I expect of you." When Mu Tai's plot came to light, Siyu had known but said nothing; he was spared execution but stripped to commoner status. Late in Taihe his princely title was restored. He died in Zhengshi year 4. [8] Posthumously he was Guang inspector, with the posthumous title Prince Mi.
130
子樂陵惠王景略 （附子霸）
Son: Jinglue, Prince Hui of Leling (Son: Ba)
131
子景略，字世彥。 世宗時，襲封。 拜驍騎將軍，除持節、冠軍將軍、幽州刺史。 [9]熙平元年薨。 贈本將軍、豫州刺史，賜帛四百匹，諡曰惠王。
His son Jinglue styled himself Shiyan. Under Shizong he inherited the title. He was made General of Valiant Cavalry, then commissioned with staff as General Who Overcomes the Barbarians and You inspector. [9] He died in Xiping year 1. Posthumously he kept his general's rank and was Yu inspector, granted four hundred bolts of silk, with the posthumous title Prince Hui.
132
子霸，字休邦，襲。 武定中，鉅鹿太守。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Ba, styled Xiubang, inherited. In Wuding he was administrator of Julu. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
133
景略弟慶略 （附子子政）
Jinglue's younger brother: Qinglue (Son: Zizheng)
134
景略弟慶略，散騎侍郎。
Jinglue's younger brother Qinglue was an attendant at the palace secretariat in ordinary service.
135
子子政，通直散騎常侍。
His son Zizheng was a regular attendant in direct service.
136
慶略弟洪略
Qinglue's younger brother: Honglue
137
慶略弟洪略，恒農太守、中軍將軍、行東雍州刺史。
Qinglue's younger brother Honglue was administrator of Hengnong, general of the central army, and acting east Yong inspector.
138
洪略弟子業
Honglue's younger brother: Ziye
139
洪略弟子業，平原太守。
Honglue's nephew Ziye was administrator of Pingyuan.
140
安定靖王休
Xiu, Prince Jing of Anding
141
安定王休，皇興二年封，拜征南大將軍、外都大官。 休少而聰慧，治斷有稱。
Xiu, Prince of Anding, was enfeoffed in Huangxing year 2 and named General Who Campaigns South and grand master of the outer court. Clever from boyhood, Xiu was praised for his judgments.
142
高祖初，庫莫奚寇邊，以休為使持節、侍中、都督諸軍事、征東大將軍、領護東夷校尉、儀同三司、和龍鎮將。 休撫防有方，賊乃款附。 入為中都大官。 蠕蠕犯塞，出為使持節、征北大將軍、撫冥鎮大將。 休身先將士，擊虜退之。 入為內都大官，遷太傅。 及開建五等，食邑二千戶。
When Gaozu came to the throne and the Kumo Xi struck the border, Xiu was commissioned with full staff as palace attendant, overall commander, General Who Campaigns East, colonel protecting the eastern Yi, with Three Precedents parity, and commander of the He-Long garrison. Xiu governed and defended with skill; the raiders then came over in good faith. He entered the capital as grand master of the central court. When the Rouran struck again he went out with full staff as General Who Campaigns North and grand commander of the Fuming garrison. Xiu led from the front, struck the barbarians, and drove them off. He came in as grand master of the inner court and was promoted Minister of Education. When the five ranks were first set up, his fief stood at two thousand households.
143
車駕南伐，領大司馬。 高祖親行諸軍，遇休以三盜人徇於六軍，將斬之，有詔赦之。 休執曰：「陛下將遠清衡霍，故親御六師，跋涉野次，軍行始爾，已有姦竊，如其不斬，何以息盜，請必行刑，以肅姦慝。」 詔曰：「大司馬執憲，誠應如是。 但因緣會，朕聞王者之體，亦時有非常之澤，雖違軍法，可特原之。」 休乃奉詔。 高祖謂司徒馮誕曰：「大司馬嚴而秉法，諸軍不可不慎。」 於是六軍肅然。 定都洛邑，休從駕幸鄴。 命休率從駕文武，迎家于平城。 高祖親餞休於漳水之北。
On the southern campaign he served as Grand Marshal. Gaozu was leading the armies in person when Xiu had three thieves displayed before the host and was about to execute them; an edict then pardoned them. Xiu pressed his case: "Your Majesty means to go far and clear Heng and Huo, and so leads the six armies yourself through the wilds. The march has barely begun and thieves already appear. If they are not beheaded, how will theft cease? I beg that the sentence be carried out, to awe the wicked." The throne answered: "The Grand Marshal holds the law—so it should be. Yet chance has put me here, and I have heard that a king's body may at times grant an extraordinary grace; though this breaks military law, let them be specially spared." Xiu then obeyed the edict. Gaozu told Minister of Education Feng Dan: "The Grand Marshal is stern and holds the law—the armies had better take care." After that the six armies stood in awe. When the capital was fixed at Luoyang, Xiu followed the court to Ye. He was ordered to lead the civil and military of the progress and bring the household down from Pingcheng. Gaozu personally saw him off north of the Zhang River.
144
十八年，休寢疾，高祖幸其第，流涕問疾，中使醫藥，相望於路。 薨，賵帛三千匹。 自薨至殯，車駕三臨。 高祖至其門，改服錫衰，[10]素弁加絰。 皇太子、百官皆從行弔禮。 及將葬，又贈布帛二千匹，諡曰靖王。 詔假黃鉞，加羽葆、鼓吹、虎賁、班劍六十三人，悉準三老尉元之儀。 高祖親送出郊，慟哭而返，諸王恩禮莫比焉。 世宗世，配饗廟庭。
In year 18 Xiu took to his bed; Gaozu came to his house, wept, and asked after him, while palace envoys with medicine crowded the road. He died; funeral gifts were three thousand bolts of silk. From his death to encoffining the emperor came three times. Gaozu came to his gate, changed into mourning dress and granted hemp, [10] with plain cap and hemp band. The crown prince and all officials followed in the mourning rites. At burial two thousand more bolts of silk were granted; posthumous title: Prince Jing. An edict lent the yellow axe, with feather canopy, guard music, tiger guards, and sixty-three imperial sword-bearers—all matching the rites for the Three Elders Yuan Yuan. Gaozu escorted him beyond the suburbs, wept on his return, and no prince was ever mourned with such honor. Under Shizong he was given a place in the ancestral temple.
145
長子安
Eldest son: An
146
長子安，幼年早卒。
The eldest son An died in childhood.
147
次子燮
Second son: Xie
148
次子燮，除下大夫。 世宗初，襲拜太中大夫，除征虜將軍、華州刺史。 燮表曰：「謹惟州治李潤堡，雖是少梁舊地，晉、芮錫壤，然胡夷內附，遂為戎落。 城非舊邑先代之名，爰自國初，護羌小戍。 及改鎮立郡，依岳立州，因籍倉府，未刊名實。 竊見馮翊古城，羌魏兩民之交，許洛水陸之際，先漢之左輔，皇魏之右翼，形勝名都，實惟西蕃奧府。 今州之所在，豈唯非舊，至乃居岡飲澗，井谷穢雜，昇降劬勞，往還數里。 譐誻明昏，有虧禮教。 未若馮翊，面華渭，包原澤，井淺池平，樵牧饒廣。 採材華陰，陸運七十； 伐木龍門，順流而下。 陪削舊雉，功省力易，人各為己，不以為勞。 昔宋民無井，穿井而忻得人； 況合城無水，得水而不家慶。 竊聞前政刺史，非是無意，或值兵舉，或遇年災，緣此契闊，稽延至此。 去歲已熟，秋方大登，四境晏安，京師無事。 丁不十錢之費，人無八旬之勤。 損輕益重，乞垂昭鑒。」 遂詔曰：「一勞永逸，便可聽移。」 後除征虜將軍、豳州刺史。 延昌四年薨。 贈本將軍、朔州刺史。
The second son Xie was made lower grand master. When Shizong came to the throne he inherited and was made grand master of the palace, General Who Pacifies the Barbarians, and Hua inspector. Xie submitted a memorial: "I have weighed the seat of Zhou prefecture at Li Run Fort. It lies on old Lesser Liang ground and on Jin and Rui's grant, but once the Hu and Yi came in it turned into a barbarian quarter. The town bears no ancient name from earlier ages; from the dynasty's founding it was only a small garrison guarding the Qiang. When the post became a commandery and a prefecture was raised on a mountain model, name and fact were never fixed in the granary registers. I look at the old city of Fengyi, where Qiang and Wei meet, on the water road between Xu and Luo—Former Han's left-hand guard, august Wei's right wing, a fortress and famous capital, truly the inner treasury of the western marches. Where the prefecture sits now is not merely off the old site; people live on ridges, drink from gullies, wells and lanes are foul and tangled, and every trip up or down costs miles of labor. Noise from dawn to dusk mars ritual and teaching. Fengyi faces Hua and Wei, holds plains and marshes, has shallow wells and level pools, and ample wood and pasture. Timber can be taken at Huayin and hauled overland seventy li; wood can be cut at Longmen and floated downstream. Trimming the old walls saves labor; each man works for himself and does not call it a burden. Once the people of Song had no wells; they dug one and rejoiced to gain a man; how much more when a whole city lacked water—would not every household celebrate once water came? I hear earlier prefects were not without the idea; war or famine always intervened, so the plan was set aside and has waited until now. Last year's harvest was good; this autumn promises a great crop; the borders are quiet and the capital untroubled. Corvée will cost less than ten cash a man; the people need no eighty-day levy. A small cost for a great gain—I beg your clear sight to grant it." The throne answered: "One effort for lasting ease—move as you propose." Later he was General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Bin inspector. He died in Yanzhang year 4. Posthumously he kept his general's rank and was made Shuo inspector.
149
子超 （附子孝景）
Son: Chao (Son: Xiaojing)
150
子超，字化生。 肅宗初，襲。 時以胡國珍封安定公，改封北平王。 拜城門校尉、通直散騎常侍、東中郎將。 尋除光祿大夫，領將作大匠。 後復本封。 尒朱榮之入洛，超避難洛南，遇寇見害。 [11]莊帝初，贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司、岐州刺史。
His son Chao styled himself Huasheng. When Suzong came to the throne he inherited. Because Hu Guozhen had been enfeoffed Duke of Anding, Chao was re-created Prince of Beiping. He was made colonel of the city gates, regular attendant in direct service, and general of the eastern gentlemen. Soon he was Grand Master of Splendid Virtue and director of palace construction. Later his original title was restored. When Erzhu Rong entered Luoyang, Chao fled south of the Luo and was killed by bandits. [11] When Zhuangdi came to the throne he was posthumously General of the Chariots and Cavalry with Three Precedents parity and Qi inspector.
151
子孝景，襲。 武定中，通直郎。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Xiaojing inherited. In Wuding he was gentleman in direct service. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
152
燮弟願平
Xie's younger brother: Yuanping
153
燮弟願平，清狂無行。 高祖末，拜員外郎。 世宗初，遷給事中。 悖惡日甚，殺人劫盜，公私成患。 世宗以其戚近，未忍致之於法，乃免官，禁之別館。 館名愁思堂，冀其克念。 世宗崩，願平乃得出。 靈太后臨朝，以其暴亂不悛，詔曰：「願平志行輕疏，每乖憲典，可還於別館，依前禁錮。」 久之，解禁還家，付師嚴加誨奬。 後拜通直散騎常侍、前將軍。 坐裸其妻王氏於其男女之前，又強姦妻妹於妻母之側。 御史中丞侯剛案以不道，處死，絞刑，會赦免，黜為員外常侍。 孝昌中，卒。
Xie's younger brother Yuanping was wild and without conduct. Late in Gaozu's reign he was made outer gentleman. When Shizong came to the throne he was promoted attendant. His perversity deepened daily—murder, robbery, plunder—until he scourged public and private life alike. Shizong, as a near kinsman, could not bear to punish him by law; he was dismissed and shut in a separate lodge. The lodge was called the Hall of Sorrowful Thought, in hope he would check himself. When Shizong died, Yuanping was let out. When Empress Dowager Ling ruled, his violence still unabated, an edict said: "Yuanping's will and conduct are loose; he constantly breaks the law—return him to the separate lodge and confine him as before." After a long while the confinement was lifted; he went home under tutors who were to admonish him strictly. Later he was regular attendant in direct service and forward general. He was convicted of stripping his wife Lady Wang naked before their children and of forcing his wife's younger sister before his mother-in-law. Imperial censor Hou Gang tried him for unnatural conduct and sentenced him to strangulation; an amnesty spared him and he was demoted to outer attendant in ordinary service. He died in Xiaochang.
154
子緒 （附子南郡王長春）
Son: Xu (Son: Changchun, Prince of Nanjun)
155
子緒，幽州安西府功曹參軍。 莊帝初，直閤將軍。 尋為持節、兼武衞將軍、關右慰勞十二州大使，遂沒吐谷渾。
His son Xu was recorder in the Anxi office of You Province. When Zhuangdi came to the throne he was direct attendant general. Soon he was commissioned with staff as acting martial guard general and envoy comforting the twelve provinces west of the Pass; he then perished among the Tuyuhun.
156
子長春，員外散騎侍郎。 武定初，封南郡王，邑五百戶。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Changchun was outer attendant at the palace secretariat in ordinary service. Early in Wuding he was created Prince of Nanjun with five hundred households. After Qi took the throne, enfeoffments were lowered by precedent.
157
願平弟永平
Yuanping's younger brother: Yongping
158
願平弟永平，征虜將軍、南州刺史。 [12]為城民華延明所害。 太昌初，追贈使持節、侍中、都督定瀛幽三州諸軍事、衞將軍、定州刺史。
Yuanping's younger brother Yongping was General Who Pacifies the Barbarians and Nan inspector. [12] He was killed by a townsman, Hua Yanming. Early in Taichang he was posthumously given full staff, palace attendant, overall command in Ding, Ying, and You, General of the Guard, and Ding inspector.
159
永平弟珍平
Yongping's younger brother: Zhenping
160
永平弟珍平，司州治中。
Yongping's younger brother Zhenping was chief clerk of Zhou Province.
161
子叔遵
Son: Shuzun
162
子叔遵，員外散騎常侍。
His son Shuzun was outer attendant at the palace secretariat in ordinary service.
163
珍平弟貴平
Zhenping's younger brother: Guiping
164
珍平弟貴平，羽林監、轉射聲校尉。 莊帝初，除散騎常侍、宗正少卿，封東萊王，邑百戶。 除平北將軍、南相州刺史。 莊帝既殺尒朱榮，加武衞將軍，兼侍中，為河北、山東慰勞大使。 至定州東北，為幽州大都督侯淵所執，送於晉陽。 後還洛。
Zhenping's younger brother Guiping was supervisor of the feathered forest, then colonel of the archers who shoot by sound. When Zhuangdi came to the throne he was regular attendant and vice director of the imperial clan, created Prince of Donglai with one hundred households. He was General Who Pacifies the North and Nanxiang inspector. After Zhuangdi killed Erzhu Rong he was further martial guard general and concurrent palace attendant, and envoy comforting Hebei and Shandong. Near northeast Ding he was seized by You grand commander Hou Yuan and sent to Jinyang. Later he returned to Luoyang.
165
前廢帝時，以本官行青州事，屬土民崔祖螭作逆，賊徒甚盛，圍逼東陽一百餘日。 貴平率城民固守，又令將士開門交戰。 大軍救至，遂擒祖螭等，斬之。 還，除車騎將軍，加散騎常侍，遷左衞將軍、宗師，又遷車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫、儀同三司。
Under the Former Deposed Emperor he governed Qing with his former rank; the local strongman Cui Zuchi rebelled, his host was large, and Dongyang was besieged for more than a hundred days. Guiping led the townspeople in a stubborn defense and ordered his officers to open the gates and fight. When relief arrived, Zuchi and his fellows were taken and beheaded. On his return he was General of the Chariots and Cavalry with added regular attendant, then left guard general and director of the imperial clan, then again General of the Chariots and Cavalry, Grand Master of Splendid Virtue on the Left, with Three Precedents parity.
166
貴平人才險薄，為出帝所信。 出為青州刺史，又加驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，為幽州大都督侯淵所害。
Guiping was gifted but mean-spirited and thin-skinned, and the Deposed Emperor placed his faith in him. Posted as Qing inspector, he was also named general of agile cavalry, grand guardian, and bearer of the golden halberd with ritual parity to the three excellencies, then slain by Hou Yuan, grand commander of You.
167
史臣曰：南安原始要終，善不掩惡。 英將帥之用，有聲於時。 熙、略兄弟，早播民譽，或才疏志大，或器狹任廣，咸不能就其功名，俱至非命，惜也。 康王不永，鸞起家聲。 徽飾智矯情，外諂內忌，永安之禍，誰任其責？ 宛其死也，固其宜哉。 章武、樂陵，蓋不足數。 靖王聰斷威重，見稱太和，美矣。
The historiographer writes: For the Nan'an line, from first to last, merit never hid fault. Ying's career as a field commander won him a name among his contemporaries. Xi and Lue won public praise early; one aimed too high for his gifts, the other took too wide a brief for his narrow talents—neither finished his career, and both died before their time. A loss. Prince Kang died young; Luan built the family's later fame. Hui dressed up cleverness and played at feeling, servile outwardly and envious within; for the Yong'an disaster, who should answer? That Yuanping should die as he did was only just. Zhangwu and Leling scarcely merit mention. Prince Jing was keen, firm, and commanding, and won praise in the Taihe years—a fine record.
168
校勘記
Textual notes
169
亦或居安生疾諸本「安」訛「要」。 今據冊府卷三八九 〈四六二一頁〉 改。
"Or perhaps ease breeds illness": editions corrupt an (ease) to yao (want). Emended per Cefu juan 389 〈folio 4621〉 The change is adopted.
170
衍中軍大將軍臨川王蕭宏尚書右僕射柳惔等大將五人沿淮南走諸本「右」作「左」。 冊府卷二九０ 〈三四二０頁〉 作「右」。 按卷八世宗紀正始三年九月己丑記此事也作「右僕射柳惔」。 柳惔為右僕射見梁書卷二武帝紀天監三年正月戊申條及卷一二本傳。 「左」字訛，今據改。
"Yan, central-army grand general, Prince of Linchuan Xiao Hong, right vice director Liu Yan, and four other great generals fled south along the Huai": editions read you (right) as zuo (left). Cefu, scroll 290 〈folio 3420〉 The witness has "right." Note: Shizong annals, juan 8, Zhengshi 3.9 jichou, records the same event as "right vice director Liu Yan." Liu Yan's tenure as right vice director is attested in Liang shu juan 2 (Wu annals, Tianjian 3.1 wushen) and juan 12 (his biography). The character "left" is corrupt; the text is emended accordingly.
171
一一具聞諸本「一一」二字訛作「三」，不可通，局本改作「王」。 今據冊府卷四三九 〈五二一二頁〉 改。
"One by one fully reported": editions corrupt the binome "one by one" to "three," which will not parse; the Bureau text reads "Wang." Emended per Cefu juan 439 〈folio 5212〉 The change is adopted.
172
遷大將軍尚書令按墓誌集釋元略墓誌 〈圖版一三九〉 稱「尋遷驃騎大將軍、儀同三司，加國子祭酒，俄涉尚書令」。 北魏大將軍在三公上，元略軍號本是車騎大將軍，一般不可能超遷大將軍。 這裏「大將軍」上當脫「驃騎」二字。
"Transferred to grand general and director of the Masters of Writing": Muzhi jishi, epitaph of Yuan Lue 〈plate 139〉 reads: "Soon made general of agile cavalry and bearer of the golden halberd with ritual parity to the three excellencies, with the added post of chancellor of the imperial university; shortly thereafter he became director of the Masters of Writing." Under Northern Wei, grand general outranked the three excellencies; Yuan Lue's army title had been general of chariots and cavalry. Here the two characters "agile cavalry" must have dropped before "grand general."
173
頻為北都大將按「北」下疑脫「鎮」字。
"Repeatedly grand general of the northern capital": the character zhen (garrison) is probably missing after bei (north).
174
統萬鎮都大將朔州刺史張森楷云：「北史 〈卷一八〉 『朔』作『夏』。 據上文「為統萬鎮都大將」，統萬在夏州，不在朔州，疑魏書誤。 又刺史例不在所督州之外，上文『都督東秦豳夏三州』，無朔州，尤確證也。」 按墓誌集釋元彬墓誌 〈圖版一四九〉 亦作「統萬突鎮都大將、夏州刺史」，張說是。
"Commander-in-chief of Tongwan garrison and inspector of Shuozhou": Zhang Senkai says, "Bei shi 〈juan 18〉 reads Shuo as Xia." The line above makes him commander-in-chief of Tongwan garrison; Tongwan lay in Xia, not Shuo—Wei shu is likely wrong. Moreover, inspectors were not usually posted outside the provinces they commanded; above he "commanded Dong, Qin, and Xia"—with no Shuo—which clinches the point." Note: Muzhi jishi, epitaph of Yuan Bin 〈plate 149〉 also has "commander-in-chief of Tongwan-Tu garrison and inspector of Xia"; Zhang is right.
175
轉尚書左司郎中墓誌集釋元湛墓誌 〈圖版一五二〉 作「尋補尚書左士郎中」。 按晉書卷二四職官志尚書郎條稱西晉時尚書有三十五曹，其中有「左、右士」。 又稱東晉所省尚書諸曹中也有「左、右士」。 知左、右士曹是西晉舊置。 本書卷八一山偉傳 〈補〉 說山偉「後正名士郎」，「名」字當是「左」或「右」之訛，可證北魏有左、右士郎中。 至於「左、右司郎中」，當時並無此官。 通典卷二僕射條附有「左、右司郎中」，云：「隋煬帝三年於尚書都省初置左、右司郎二人」，此即隋書卷二八百官志下煬帝所置之「都司郎」。 隋於諸曹郎中都去「中」字，故此官初置也只稱左、右司郎，直至唐代始名「左、右司郎中」。 隋前不聞有此官。 這裏原文當也是「左士郎中」，與墓誌同，後人以「左士」之名罕見，妄改作「左司郎中」。
"Transferred to langzhong of the left bureau of the Masters of Writing": Muzhi jishi, epitaph of Yuan Zhan 〈plate 152〉 reads: "Soon appointed langzhong of the left scholar bureau." Note: Jin shu juan 24 (offices monograph), Masters of Writing lang entry, lists thirty-five Western Jin bureaus, including "left and right scholar." The same passage notes that Eastern Jin's reductions still retained "left and right scholar" among the Masters of Writing bureaus. So the left and right scholar bureaus were a Western Jin foundation. This book, juan 81, biography of Shan Wei 〈supplement〉 says Shan Wei "later was regularized as lang of the famous scholars"; ming (famous) must corrupt zuo (left) or you (right), proving Northern Wei had left and right scholar langzhong. As for "left and right bureau langzhong," no such office existed then. Tongdian juan 2 (vice directors) appends "left and right bureau langzhong," noting that in Sui Yangdi year 3 two such officers were first set at the Masters of Writing headquarters—the "directors of the headquarters" of Sui shu juan 28 (offices monograph, lower). Sui dropped zhong (central) from bureau lang titles; the post began as left and right bureau lang and only in Tang became "left and right bureau langzhong." Nothing of the sort is attested before Sui. The original here should read "left scholar langzhong," as on the epitaph; later editors, finding "left scholar" unfamiliar, rashly wrote "left bureau langzhong."
176
正始四年薨墓誌集釋元思墓誌 〈圖版一五五〉 「四年」作「三年」。 疑傳誤。
"Died in Zhengshi year 4": Muzhi jishi, epitaph of Yuan Si 〈plate 155〉 reads "fourth year" as "third year." The life is probably wrong.
177
除持節冠軍將軍幽州刺史按墓誌集釋元彥 〈即景略〉 墓誌 〈圖版一五六〉 稱：「延昌之末，遷為持節都督豳州諸軍事、豳州刺史。」 下云「剋莅西蕃」，與豳州地望相合。 這裏「幽」字當是「豳」之訛。
"Appointed bearer of the staff, champion general, and inspector of You": Muzhi jishi, Yuan Yan 〈Jinglue〉 his epitaph 〈plate 156〉 states: "At the end of Yanchang he was made bearer of the staff, commander of Bing armies, and inspector of Bing." Below, "he took up the western frontier" fits Bing's geography. Here You must corrupt Bing.
178
改服錫衰諸本「錫」作「裼」，北史百衲本作「錫」。 按「錫衰」見禮記喪服小記。 「錫」是細布。 「裼」乃「錫」之形訛，今據改。
"Changed mourning to fine hemp": editions read xi (fine hemp) as ti (exposed); Beishi Bai nang has xi. Note: "fine hemp mourning" appears in Liji, "Mourning Garments," minor record. Xi denotes fine cloth. Ti is a graphic corruption of xi; the text is emended accordingly.
179
後復本封尒朱榮之入洛超避難洛南遇寇見害按卷一０莊帝紀武泰元年四月庚子記河陰被殺諸王有「北平王超」，是月甲辰記「以北平王超還復為安定王」。 傳稱生前已復本封，疑誤。 至於紀以超死於河陰之禍，傳稱「遇寇見害」，亦不合。
"Later his original enfeoffment was restored; when Erzhu Rong entered Luoyang, Chao fled south of the Luo for safety, met bandits, and was killed": Zhuangdi annals, juan 10, Wutai 1.4 gengzi, lists princes slain at Heyin, including "Prince of Pingbei Chao"; jiachen that month records "Prince of Pingbei Chao restored as Prince of Anding." The life says he was already restored in life—probably wrong. The annals make Chao die at Heyin while the life says "met bandits and was killed"—another mismatch.
180
願平弟永平征虜將軍南州刺史按地形志無「南州」。 北周於今四川萬縣置南州、南都郡、源陽縣，事在後，見隋書卷二九地理志上巴東郡武寧縣條。 這裏「南」下當脫一字。
"Yuanping's younger brother Yongping, campaign-pacifying general and inspector of Nan": the geography monograph has no "Nan province." Northern Zhou's Nan province, Nandu commandery, and Yuanyang county at modern Wanxian in Sichuan came later, per Sui shu juan 29 (geography, upper), Badong commandery, Wuning county. Here one character must have dropped after "Nan."