1
源賀，自署河西王禿髮傉檀之子也。 傉檀為乞伏熾磐所滅，賀自樂都來奔。 賀偉容貌，善風儀。 世祖素聞其名，及見，器其機辯，賜爵西平侯，加龍驤將軍。 謂賀曰：「卿與朕源同，因事分姓，今可為源氏。」 從擊叛胡白龍，又討吐京胡，皆先登陷陳。 進號平西將軍。
Yuan He was a son of Tufa Rutan, who had proclaimed himself King of Hexi. After Rutan was overthrown by Qifu Chipan, He fled from Ledu to offer his allegiance. He was a man of striking looks and dignified presence. Emperor Taiwu had heard of him long before; at their first meeting he was impressed by his sharp mind, made him Marquis of Xiping, and appointed him General Who Gallops Like a Dragon. The emperor told him, "You and I spring from the same source; circumstances split our clans, but from now on you shall bear the surname Yuan." He took part in the suppression of the rebel Bai Long and in campaigns against the Tujing Hu, always among the first to storm the enemy ranks. He was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West.
2
世祖征涼州，以賀為鄉導。 詔問攻戰之計，賀對曰：「姑臧城外有四部鮮卑，各為之援。 然皆是臣祖父舊民，臣願軍前宣國威信，示其福禍，必相率歸降。 外援既服，然後攻其孤城，拔之如反掌耳。」 世祖曰：「善。」 於是遣賀率精騎歷諸部招慰，下三萬餘落，獲雜畜十餘萬頭。 及圍姑臧，由是無外慮，故得專力攻之。 涼州平，遷征西將軍，進號西平公。 又從征蠕蠕，擊五城、吐京胡，討蓋吳諸賊，皆有功。 拜散騎常侍。 從駕臨江，為前鋒大將。 賀為人雄果，每遇強寇，輒自奮擊。 世祖戒之曰：「兵凶戰危，不宜輕犯，卿可運籌處分，勿恃身力也。」 賀本名破羌，是役也，世祖曰：「人之立名，宜其得實，[1]何可濫也。」 賜名賀焉。 拜殿中尚書。
On Emperor Taiwu's Liangzhou campaign, He served as pathfinder. Asked for a battle plan, He said, "Four Xianbei divisions outside Guzang each supply the city with support. Yet they were all once my grandfather's people. Let me go ahead of the army and proclaim the empire's authority, showing them what they stand to gain or lose—they will surely come over in droves. Once their outside support is won over, you can strike the isolated city and take it as easily as turning your hand." Emperor Taiwu said, "Well said." He then sent He with picked cavalry to tour the tribes and win them over. More than thirty thousand households came in, and over a hundred thousand head of livestock were gathered. When the siege of Guzang began, there was no longer any threat from outside, so the army could throw its full weight against the city. After Liangzhou was pacified, he was made General Who Campaigns West and promoted to Duke of Xiping. He also joined campaigns against the Rouran, fought at Wucheng and against the Tujing Hu, and helped put down Gai Wu and other rebels, distinguishing himself in each. He was appointed regular attendant at the palace secretariat. He accompanied the emperor on the Yangzi campaign as commander of the vanguard. By nature he was bold and fierce; whenever he met a strong foe he would throw himself into the fight. Emperor Taiwu warned him, "War is cruel and battle dangerous—you must not rush in so lightly. Leave the planning to your staff and do not stake everything on your own arm." He's original name had been Poqiang, "Smash the Qiang." After this campaign Emperor Taiwu said, "A man's name ought to fit what he truly is;[1] it must not be given lightly." He was given the name He, "Celebrate." He was appointed director of the palace secretariat.
3
南安王余為宗愛所殺也，賀部勒禁兵，靜遏外內，與南部尚書陸麗決議定策，翼戴高宗。 令麗與劉尼馳詣苑中，奉迎高宗，賀守禁中為之內應。 俄而麗抱高宗單騎而至，賀乃開門。 高宗即位，社稷大安，賀有力焉。 轉征北將軍，加給事中。 以定策之勳，進爵西平王。 高宗即位，班賜百僚，謂賀曰：「朕大賚善人，卿其任意取之，勿謙退也。」 賀辭，固使取之，賀唯取戎馬一匹而已。
After Prince of Nan'an Yu was murdered by Zong'ai, He rallied the palace guard, kept order within and without, and with Lu Li of the southern secretariat devised the plan to place Emperor Wencheng on the throne. He sent Li and Liu Ni at full speed to the imperial park to bring back Emperor Wencheng, while he held the palace gates as their contact within. Soon Li arrived with the young emperor in his arms, riding alone, and He threw open the gates. When Emperor Wencheng ascended the throne the realm was secured, and He had done much to make it so. He was transferred to general who campaigns north and made supervising attendant. For his role in securing the succession he was enfeoffed as Prince of Xiping. At his accession the emperor distributed rewards to the court and told He, "I mean to reward the worthy handsomely—take whatever you like and do not hold back out of modesty." He demurred; when the emperor insisted, he accepted only one warhorse.
4
是時，斷獄多濫，賀上書曰：「案律：謀反之家，其子孫雖養他族，追還就戮，所以絕罪人之類，彰大逆之辜； 其為劫賊應誅者，兄弟子姪在遠，道隔關津，皆不坐。 竊惟先朝制律之意，以不同謀，非絕類之罪，故特垂不死之詔。 若年十三已下，家人首惡，計謀所不及，愚以為可原其命，沒入縣官。」 高宗納之。 出為征南將軍、冀州刺史，改封隴西王，賀上書曰：「臣聞：人之所寶，莫寶於生全； 德之厚者，莫厚於宥死。 然犯死之罪，難以盡恕，權其輕重，有可矜恤。 今勁寇遊魂於北，狡賊負險於南，其在疆埸，猶須防戍。 臣愚以為自非大逆、赤手殺人之罪，其坐贓及盜與過誤之愆應入死者，皆可原命，謫守邊境。 是則已斷之體，更受全生之恩； 徭役之家，漸蒙休息之惠。 刑措之化，庶幾在茲。 虞書曰『流宥五刑』，此其義也。 臣受恩深重，無以仰答，將違闕庭，豫增係戀，敢上瞽言，唯加裁察。」 高宗納之。 已後入死者，皆恕死徙邊。 久之，高宗謂羣臣曰：「源賀勸朕宥諸死刑，徙充北番諸戍，自爾至今，一歲所活殊為不少，生濟之理既多，邊戍之兵有益。 卿等事朕，致何善意也？ 苟人人如賀，朕治天下復何憂哉！ 顧憶誠言，[2]利實廣矣。」 羣臣咸曰：「非忠臣不能進此計，非聖明不能納此言。」
Judicial punishments were then often excessive. He submitted a memorial: "The law provides that in cases of treason, even sons and grandsons raised in other households are hunted down and executed, so that the line of the guilty may be cut off and the gravity of rebellion made plain; yet for robbery warranting death, brothers, sons, and nephews living far away beyond passes and barriers are not punished. I take it that the intent of the previous reign in framing the law was that those who did not share in the plot should not suffer extinction, and therefore issued the special edict sparing their lives. Children thirteen and under, though of the chief culprit's household, cannot have shared in the design. I humbly propose that their lives be spared and they be enrolled as government dependents." Emperor Wencheng accepted the proposal. He was sent out as general who campaigns south and inspector of Jizhou, and was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Longxi. He wrote: "I have heard that among all things men prize, none is prized like life itself; and among the deepest acts of virtue, none is deeper than sparing the condemned. Yet crimes warranting death cannot all be forgiven outright; still, when their gravity is weighed, some deserve compassion. Powerful foes still haunt the north and crafty rebels hold the south's defiles; the frontiers still need garrison troops. I humbly propose that except for treason and murder with one's own hand, all who would die for corruption, theft, or lesser faults may be spared and sent to serve on the frontier. Men already condemned to die would receive the gift of life anew; and households burdened with corvée would gradually know relief. The age when punishments need seldom be used might draw near. The Book of Yu speaks of banishment and pardon in place of the five punishments—this is that very principle. I have received such deep favor that I cannot repay it; as I am soon to leave the capital my attachment only grows. I venture this humble counsel and beg your judgment." Emperor Wencheng accepted it. Thereafter all who would have been executed were spared and sent to the border garrisons. Some time later Emperor Wencheng told the court, "Yuan He persuaded me to spare those condemned to death and send them to the northern posts. In the year since, the number of lives saved has been considerable, many more people have been given a chance to live, and the frontier garrisons have gained useful men. You who serve me—what comparable good have you done for me? If every one of you were like He, what would I have left to worry about in ruling the realm! When I think back on his honest counsel,[2] the good it has done is immense." The ministers all replied, "Only a loyal minister could propose such a measure, and only a sage ruler could accept it."
5
賀之臨州，鞫獄以情，徭役簡省。 武邑郡姦人石華告沙門道可與賀謀反，有司以聞。 高宗謂羣臣曰：「賀誠心事國，朕為卿等保之，無此明矣。」 乃精加訊檢，華果引誣。 於是遣使者詔賀曰：「卿以忠誠款至，著自先朝，以丹青之潔而受蒼蠅之汙。 朕登時研檢，已加極法，故遣宣意。 其善綏所莅，勿以囂謗之言致損慮也。」 賀上書謝，書奏，高宗顧謂左右曰：「以賀之忠誠，尚致其誣，不若是者，可無慎乎！」 時考殿最，賀治為第一，賜衣馬器物，班宣天下。 賀上表請代，朝議以賀得民情，不許。 在州七年，乃徵拜太尉。
In his province He tried cases on their merits and lightened corvée burdens. A local scoundrel named Shi Hua in Wuyi commandery accused the monk Daoke of plotting rebellion with He, and the matter was reported to the throne. Emperor Wencheng told the court, "He serves the state with utter loyalty. I stake my word on him before you all—this charge is plainly false." A careful investigation followed, and Hua confessed to fabricating the charge. The emperor then sent an envoy with an edict: "Your loyalty has been beyond question since the previous reign, yet like pure vermilion you have been smeared by flies. I looked into the matter at once and have already punished the accuser to the full extent of the law. I send this word so you will know my mind. Continue to govern your province well, and do not let malicious gossip trouble you." He submitted a letter of thanks. When it was read, Emperor Wencheng turned to his attendants and said, "If even a man as loyal as He can be slandered, how much more must lesser men watch their step!" In the annual review of officials his administration ranked first. He was rewarded with robes, horses, and gifts, and the honor was announced throughout the empire. He asked to be relieved of his post, but the court held that he had won the people's affection and refused. After seven years in the province he was recalled and appointed grand commander.
6
蠕蠕寇邊，賀從駕追討，破之。 顯祖將傳位于京兆王子推，時賀都督諸軍屯漠南，乃馳傳徵賀。 賀既至，乃命公卿議之。 賀正色固執不可。 即詔賀持節奉皇帝璽綬以授高祖。
When the Rouran raided the frontier he joined the emperor's pursuit and routed them. When Emperor Xianzu prepared to abdicate in favor of Zituo, Prince of Jingzhao, He was commanding the armies south of the desert and was summoned by urgent dispatch. When He arrived, the emperor ordered the high officials to deliberate. He spoke with grave insistence that the plan must not proceed. An edict then ordered He to bear the imperial credentials and present the seal and cord to Emperor Gaozu.
7
是歲，河西敕勒叛，遣賀率眾討之，降二千餘落，倍道兼行，追賊黨郁朱于等至枹罕，大破之，斬首五千餘級，虜男女萬餘口、雜畜三萬餘頭。 復追統萬、高平、上邽三鎮叛敕勒至于金城，斬首三千級。 賀依古今兵法及先儒耆舊之說，略採至要，為十二陳圖以上之。 顯祖覽而嘉焉。
That year the Tiele of Hexi rebelled. He led a force against them and received the submission of more than two thousand households. Forcing the pace, he pursued Yuzhuyu and his fellows to Fuhan, won a great victory, took more than five thousand heads, and captured over ten thousand men and women and more than thirty thousand head of livestock. He went on to pursue rebel Tiele from the garrisons of Tongwan, Gaoping, and Shanggui as far as Jincheng and took three thousand heads. Drawing on classical military texts and the teachings of earlier strategists, he distilled the essentials into twelve battle-array diagrams and presented them to the throne. Emperor Xianzu read them with approval.
8
賀以年老辭位，詔不許。 又詔都督三道諸軍，屯于漠南。 是時，每歲秋冬，遣軍三道並出，以備北寇，至春中乃班師。 賀以勞役京都，又非禦邊長計，乃上言：「請募諸州鎮有武健者三萬人，復其徭賦，厚加賑恤，分為三部。 二鎮之間築城，城置萬人，給強弩十二床，武衞三百乘。 弩一床，給牛六頭； 武衞一乘，給牛二頭。 多造馬槍及諸器械，使武略大將二人以鎮撫之。 冬則講武，春則種殖，並戍並耕，則兵未勞而有盈畜矣。 又於白道南三處立倉，運近州鎮租粟以充之，足食足兵，以備不虞，於宜為便。 不可歲常舉眾，連動京師，令朝庭恒有北顧之慮也。」 事寢不報。
He asked to retire on account of age, but the emperor refused. He was again ordered to command the three frontier armies encamped south of the desert. Each autumn and winter three armies marched out together against the northern foe and did not return until spring. He argued that the campaigns wore out the capital and were no lasting defense of the frontier, and proposed: "Recruit thirty thousand able men from the provinces and garrisons, exempt them from corvée and taxes, grant them generous support, and divide them into three corps. Build a fort between each pair of garrisons, garrison each with ten thousand men, and equip each with twelve heavy crossbows and three hundred war carts. Each crossbow would require six oxen; each war cart, two oxen. Stockpile lances and other arms, and place two seasoned generals in command of each district. They would drill in winter and farm in spring, standing guard and tilling together, so the army would not be exhausted yet stores would overflow. Establish three granaries south of the White Road and ship grain from nearby provinces to fill them. With full stores and a standing force ready for any emergency, the frontier would be secure at far less cost. The court should not have to mobilize the capital every year and live in perpetual fear of the northern frontier." The proposal was shelved without reply.
9
又上書稱病篤，乞骸骨，至于再三，乃許之。 朝有大議皆就詢訪，又給衣藥珍羞。 太和元年二月，療疾於溫湯，高祖、文明太后遣使者屢問消息，太醫視疾。 患篤，還京師。 賀乃遺令敕諸子曰：「吾頃以老患辭事，不悟天慈降恩，爵逮於汝。 汝其毋傲吝，毋荒怠，毋奢越，毋嫉妬； 疑思問，言思審，行思恭，服思度； 遏惡揚善，親賢遠佞； 目觀必真，耳屬必正； 誠勤以事君，清約以行己。 吾終之後，所葬時服單櫝，足申孝心，芻靈明器，一無用也。」 三年秋薨，年七十三。 贈侍中、太尉、隴西王印綬，諡曰宣，賻雜綵五百匹，賜轀輬車及命服、溫明祕器，陪葬于金陵。
He memorialized again, declaring himself gravely ill and begging to retire; only after repeated pleas was he released. On weighty matters of state the court still sought his counsel, and he was supplied with robes, medicines, and fine foods. In the second month of Taihe 1 he took the waters at the hot springs. Emperor Gaozu and Empress Dowager Wenming sent envoys repeatedly to inquire after him, and court physicians attended him. When his illness worsened he returned to the capital. He left final instructions to his sons: "I resigned not long ago on account of age and illness, never imagining that Heaven's grace would extend so far that rank would reach even to you. Be neither arrogant nor miserly, neither dissolute nor idle, neither extravagant nor presumptuous, neither envious nor spiteful; when in doubt, think and ask; in speech, think and weigh your words; in conduct, think and act with respect; in dress, think and keep within your station; restrain evil and promote good, draw near to the worthy and keep flatterers at a distance; let the eye see truly and the ear listen rightly; serve your lord with sincerity and diligence, and conduct yourselves with purity and restraint. When I am gone, bury me in my ordinary clothes in a plain coffin—that is filial piety enough. Straw figures and grave goods are of no use whatsoever." In the autumn of the third year he died, aged seventy-three. He was posthumously made attendant-in-ordinary and grand commander, with the seal and cord of Prince of Longxi, and given the posthumous title Xuan. Five hundred bolts of mixed silks were sent as funeral gifts, together with an imperial bier, court robes, and secret burial vessels; he was buried by accompaniment at Jinling.
10
長子延，性謹厚好學。 初以功臣子拜侍御中散，賜爵武城子，西冶都將。 [3]卒，贈涼州刺史、廣武侯，諡曰簡。 子鱗襲。
His eldest son Yan was prudent, steady, and devoted to learning. At first, as the son of a meritorious minister, he was made attendant censor in the imperial secretariat, enfeoffed as Baron of Wucheng, and appointed commandant of the western foundry. [3] He died and was posthumously made inspector of Liangzhou and Marquis of Guangwu, with the posthumous title Jian. His son Lin inherited his rank.
11
延弟思禮，後賜名懷，謙恭寬雅，有大度。 高宗末，為侍御中散。 父賀辭老，詔懷受父爵，拜征南將軍。 尋為持節、督諸軍，屯於漠南。 還，除殿中尚書，出為長安鎮將、雍州刺史。 清儉有惠政，善於撫恤，劫盜息止，流民皆相率來還。 歲餘，復拜殿中尚書，加侍中，參都曹事。 又督諸軍征蠕蠕，六道大將咸受節度。 遷尚書令，參議律令。 後例降為公。 除司州刺史。 從駕南征，加衞大將軍，領中軍事。 以母憂去職，賜帛三百匹、穀千石。 十九年，除征北大將軍、夏州刺史，轉都督雍岐東秦諸軍事、征西大將軍、雍州刺史。
Yan's younger brother Silu, later given the name Huai, was modest, gracious, and magnanimous. At the end of Emperor Wencheng's reign he served as attendant censor in the imperial secretariat. When his father He retired, an edict had Huai inherit his father's title and appointed him general who campaigns south. Soon he was given imperial credentials and command of the armies south of the desert. On his return he was made director of the palace secretariat, then sent out as garrison commander of Chang'an and inspector of Yongzhou. He governed with frugality and kindness, comforted the people well, and banditry ceased; refugees returned in droves. After a year he was again made director of the palace secretariat and attendant-in-ordinary, and took part in central administration. He again commanded the armies against the Rouran, and the six route commanders all served under him. He was promoted to director of the masters of writing and helped draft laws and ordinances. Later, by precedent, his princely rank was reduced to duke. He was appointed inspector of Sizhou. On the southern campaign he was made grand general of the guard and placed in charge of central military affairs. He left office to mourn his mother and was granted three hundred bolts of silk and a thousand piculs of grain. In the nineteenth year he was made grand general who campaigns north and inspector of Xiazhou, then transferred to supervise military affairs in Yong, Qi, and eastern Qin, and made grand general who campaigns west and inspector of Yongzhou.
12
景明二年，徵為尚書左僕射，加特進。 時有詔，以姦吏犯罪，每多逃遁，因眚乃出，並皆釋然。 自今已後，犯罪不問輕重，而藏竄者悉遠流。 若永避不出，兄弟代徙。 懷乃奏曰：「謹按條制：逃吏不在赦限。 竊惟聖朝之恩，事異前宥，諸流徙在路，尚蒙旋反，況有未發而仍遣邊戍？ 按守宰犯罪，逃走者眾，祿潤既優，尚有茲失，及蒙恩宥，卒然得還。 今獨苦此等，恐非均一之法。 如臣管執，謂宜免之。」 書奏，門下以成式既班，駁奏不許。 懷重奏曰：「臣以為法貴經通，治尚簡要，刑憲之設，所以網羅罪人。 苟理之所備，不在繁典； 行之可通，豈容峻制。 此乃古今之達政，救世之恒規。 伏尋條制，勳品已下，罪發逃亡，遇恩不宥，仍流妻子。 雖欲抑絕姦途，匪為通式。 謹按事條，侵官敗法，專據流外，豈九品已上，人皆貞白也？ 其諸州守宰，職任清流，至有貪濁，事發逃竄，而遇恩免罪。 勳品已下，獨乖斯例。 如此，則寬縱上流，法切下吏，育物有差，惠罸不等。 又謀逆滔天，輕恩尚免，[4]吏犯微罪，獨不蒙赦，使大宥之經不通，開生之路致壅，進違古典，退乖今律，輒率愚見，以為宜停。」 書奏，世宗納之。
In Jingming 2 he was recalled as left vice director of the masters of writing and granted extraordinary advancement. An edict then declared that corrupt officials who fled when charged would all be released whenever a general amnesty was proclaimed. Henceforth, regardless of the gravity of the offense, all who fled and hid were to be exiled to distant regions. If they never came forward, their brothers would be sent into exile in their stead. Huai memorialized: "The regulations provide that fugitive officials are not within the scope of amnesty. Yet the grace of this court differs from earlier pardons: exiles already on the road are allowed to return—how much less should those not yet fled be sent to the frontier? Prefects and magistrates who commit crimes often flee, yet with their generous salaries they are pardoned and suddenly restored. To punish only the lower ranks while sparing the higher would not be equal justice. In my humble view this measure should be withdrawn." The memorial was rejected by the secretariat on the grounds that the new rule had already been promulgated. Huai memorialized again: "Law should be steady and clear, governance simple; punishments exist to catch wrongdoers. When principle is fully served, prolix codes are unnecessary; when practice can proceed smoothly, harsh systems have no place. This has been sound governance in every age and the constant rule of humane rule. The regulations provide that officials below meritorious rank who flee when charged are denied amnesty and their wives and children are banished. Though meant to cut off corruption, this is no universal rule. Usurpation and violation of law are punished—but are all officials of the ninth rank and above pure? Prefects and magistrates of pure-stream offices grow corrupt, flee when exposed, yet escape punishment through amnesty. Only those below meritorious rank suffer the harsher rule. The high are indulged while the low are harshly punished—favor and penalty are unequal. Treason against heaven itself may be pardoned,[4] yet minor official offenses alone are denied amnesty, blocking the great pardon and choking off mercy. This violates ancient precedent and present law alike. I humbly urge that it be withdrawn." Emperor Shizong accepted the memorial.
13
其年，除車騎大將軍、涼州大中正。 懷奏曰：「南賊遊魂江揚，職為亂逆，肆厥淫昏，月滋日甚，貴臣重將，靡有孑遺，崇信姦回，昵比閹豎，內外離心，骨肉猜叛。 蕭寶融僭號於荊郢，其雍州刺史蕭衍勒兵而東襲，上流之眾已逼其郊。 廣陵、京口各持兵而懷兩望，鍾離、淮陰並鼎峙而觀得失。 秣陵孤危，制不出門。 君子小人，並罹災禍，延首北望，朝不及夕。 斯實天啟之期，吞并之會。 乘厥蕭牆之釁，藉其分崩之隙，東據歷陽，兼指瓜步，緣江鎮戍，達於荊郢。 然後奮雷電之威，布山河之信，則江西之地，不刃自來，吳會之鄉，指期可舉。 昔士治有言，皓若暴死，更立賢主，文武之官，各得其任，則勁敵也。 若蕭衍克就，上下同心，非直後圖之難，實亦揚境危逼。 何則？ 壽春之去建鄴，七百而已，山川水陸，彼所諳利。 脫江湘無波，君臣效職，藉水憑舟，倐忽而至，壽春容不自保，江南將若之何？ 今寶卷邑居有土崩之形，邊城無繼援之兆，清蕩江區，實在今日。 臣受恩既重，不敢不言。」 詔曰：「不君不臣，江南常弊，有粟不食，其在斯矣。 上天將欲亡之，諸蕃又願取之，人事天道，孰云匪會？ 但以養害，仁者不為。 且十月五日，衍軍已達大航，其大傷小亡之勢，久應有決。 假令天罰寶卷，衍兵獲進，則衍之主佐，又是亂亡遺孽，皇靈其能久祐之乎？ 今之所矜者，正以南黔企德，邊書繼至，殄悴之氓，理須救接。 若爾者，揚州兵力，配積不少，但可速遣任城，委以處分，別加慰勉，令妙盡邊算也。」 以衍事克，遂停。
That year he was made grand general of chariots and cavalry and chief rectifier of Liangzhou. Huai memorialized: "The southern regime wanders like a ghost along the Yangzi. Its rulers are rebels who grow more dissolute by the day. Noble ministers and great generals have been destroyed without exception. They trust villains and dote on eunuchs; court and country are divided, kin turn against kin. Xiao Baorong has set up a rival court in Jing and Ying, while his inspector of Yongzhou Xiao Yan marches east with an army and forces from the upper Yangzi already press the capital's outskirts. Guangling and Jingkou hold their armies and wait to see which side wins; Zhongli and Huaiyin stand like rival poles watching the outcome. Moling stands isolated and helpless, its rulers powerless beyond the city gates. Gentle and simple alike suffer disaster, craning their necks toward the north, their deliverance uncertain from one day to the next. This is truly the season Heaven has opened for conquest and union. Seize the turmoil within their walls and the cracks in their unity: hold Liyang in the east, threaten Guabu, and plant garrisons along the river as far as Jing and Ying. Then strike with thunderous force and proclaim your faith across the land—the region west of the river will submit without a blow, and Wu and Kuai will fall within reach. Shi Zhi once said that if Sun Hao died suddenly and a worthy ruler took the throne with able ministers in their posts, Wu would be a formidable foe again. If Xiao Yan succeeds and unites the court, not only will later conquest grow harder—the Yangzhou frontier itself will be gravely threatened. Why? Shouchun lies only seven hundred li from Jianye, over terrain they know by water and land alike. If the rivers were calm and ruler and ministers united, they could come by water in a flash. Shouchun could not hold, and what then for the south? Baojuan's throne already totters; border cities have no hope of relief. To sweep the Yangzi region clean must be done now. I have received such great favor that I dare not remain silent." The edict replied: "The south's constant failing is that it has neither true ruler nor true minister—grain in the storehouses yet none to govern. That is the case here. Heaven wishes to destroy them and every border state would seize them—human affairs and Heaven's way, who can say they do not coincide? Yet to nurture harm for one's own gain—a benevolent ruler will not do it. Moreover, on the fifth of the tenth month Yan's army had already reached Dahang. The great crushing the small should long since have reached its outcome. Even if Heaven punishes Baojuan and Yan advances, Yan and his followers are themselves remnants of a doomed regime—can the imperial spirit long protect them? What we must pity now is that the southern people look to our virtue; border reports come in succession, and these wasted folk must be rescued. Yangzhou has no lack of troops. Send the Prince of Rencheng at once, entrust the frontier to him, encourage him well, and let him carry out the border strategy to the full." When Yan succeeded, the plan was dropped.
14
懷又表曰：「昔世祖昇遐，南安在位，出拜東廟，為賊臣宗愛所弒。 時高宗避難，龍潛苑中，宗愛異圖，神位未定。 臣亡父先臣賀與長孫渴侯、陸麗等表迎高宗，[5]纂徽寶命。 麗以扶負聖躬，親所見識，蒙授撫軍大將軍、司徒公、平原王。 興安二年，追論定策之勳，進先臣爵西平王。 皇興季年，顯祖將傳大位於京兆王。 先臣時都督諸將，屯於武川，被徵詣京，特見顧問。 先臣固執不可，顯祖久乃許之，遂命先臣持節授皇帝璽綬於高祖。 至太和十六年，麗息叡狀秘書，[6]稱其亡父與先臣援立高宗，朝廷追錄，封叡鉅鹿郡開國公。 臣時丁艱草土，不容及例。 至二十年，除臣雍州刺史，臨發奉辭，面奏先帝，申先臣舊勳。 時敕旨但赴所臨，尋當別判。 至二十一年，車駕幸雍，臣復陳聞，時蒙敕旨，征還當授。 自宮車晏駕，遂爾不白。 竊惟先臣遠則援立高宗，寶曆不墜； 近則陳力顯祖，神器有歸。 如斯之勳，超世之事。 麗以父功而獲河山之賞，[7]臣有家勳，不霑茅社之賜。 得否相懸，請垂裁處。」 詔曰：「宿老元丕，云如所訴，訪之史官，頗亦言此。 可依比授馮翊郡開國公，邑百戶。」 [8]
Huai memorialized again: "When Emperor Taiwu died, the Prince of Nan'an held the throne. Going out to worship at the Eastern Temple, he was murdered by the traitor Zong'ai. Emperor Wencheng was in hiding in the imperial park while Zong'ai plotted and the throne stood vacant. My late father He, with Zhangsun Kehou, Lu Li, and others, memorialized to welcome Emperor Wencheng[5] and secure the imperial mandate. Li, who had borne the emperor in his own arms, was made general who pacifies the army, duke of the masses, and Prince of Pingyuan. In Xing'an 2, for his role in securing the succession, my father was advanced to Prince of Xiping. In the last year of Huangxing, Emperor Xianzu prepared to pass the throne to the Prince of Jingzhao. My father then commanded the armies at Wuchuan, was summoned to the capital, and received special audience. My father firmly opposed the plan until Emperor Xianzu at last agreed, and ordered him to present the imperial seal and cord to Emperor Gaozu. In Taihe 16, Li's son Rui submitted a memorial[6] claiming that his father and mine had together placed Emperor Wencheng on the throne. The court reviewed the record and enfeoffed Rui as Duke of Julu with a state fief. I was then in mourning and could not press my claim. In the twentieth year I was appointed inspector of Yongzhou. On departing I addressed the late emperor in person and pleaded my father's old service. I was told only to proceed to my post and that judgment would follow. In the twenty-first year, when the emperor visited Yong, I raised the matter again and was told that on my recall I would receive my due. Since the emperor's death I have not been able to press my claim. My father, in the distant past, helped place Emperor Wencheng on the throne and preserved the dynasty; in recent times he served Emperor Xianzu and secured the transfer of the throne. Such service transcends ordinary merit. Li received a state fief for his father's service,[7] yet I, with equal family merit, have received no such grant. The disparity is unjust. I beg your judgment." The edict replied: "The veteran Yuan Pi confirms your account, and the historiographers largely agree. You are accordingly enfeoffed as Duke of Fengyi with a state fief of one hundred households." End of edict.
15
又詔為使持節，加侍中、行臺，巡行北邊六鎮、恒燕朔三州，賑給貧乏，兼採風俗，考論殿最，事之得失，皆先決後聞。 自京師遷洛，邊朔遙遠，加連年旱儉，百姓困弊。 懷銜命巡撫，存恤有方，便宜運轉，有無通濟。 時后父于勁勢傾朝野，勁兄于祚與懷宿昔通婚，時為沃野鎮將，頗有受納。 懷將入鎮，祚郊迎道左，懷不與語，即劾祚免官。 懷朔鎮將元尼須與懷少舊，亦貪穢狼藉，置酒請懷，謂懷曰：「命之長短，由卿之口，豈可不相寬貸？」 懷曰：「今日之集，乃是源懷與故人飲酒之坐，非鞫獄之所也。 明日公庭，始為使人撿鎮將罪狀之處。」 尼須揮淚而已，無以對之。 懷既而表劾尼須。 其奉公不撓，皆此類也。
He was also made envoy with imperial credentials, attendant-in-ordinary, and mobile secretariat, to tour the six northern garrisons and the provinces of Heng, Yan, and Shuo, relieve the poor, examine local customs, and assess officials—all to be decided on the spot and reported afterward. Since the move from Pingcheng to Luoyang the northern frontier had grown remote, and years of drought had left the people in desperate want. Huai carried out his mission with skill, relieving distress effectively and moving supplies so that want and plenty were balanced. The empress's father Yu Jin then dominated the court. Jin's elder brother Yu Zuo, who had long been allied to Huai by marriage, was garrison commander of Woye and had taken many bribes. As Huai entered the region, Zuo met him on the road; Huai would not speak with him and immediately impeached him and stripped him of office. Yuan Nixu, garrison commander of Huaishuo, was an old friend of Huai's youth and equally corrupt. He set out wine and said, "My fate is in your hands—surely you will show leniency?" Huai replied, "Today we are old friends drinking together—not holding court. Tomorrow in open court I shall be the envoy examining a garrison commander's crimes." Nixu could only weep and had no reply. Huai soon memorialized to impeach him. His integrity in public service was always of this sort.
16
懷又表曰：「景明以來，北蕃連年災旱，高原陸野，不任營殖，唯有水田，少可菑畝。 然主將參僚，專擅腴美，瘠土荒疇給百姓，因此困弊，日月滋甚。 諸鎮水田，請依地令分給細民，先貧後富，若分付不平，令一人怨訟者，鎮將已下連署之官，各奪一時之祿，四人已上奪祿一周。 北鎮邊蕃，事異諸夏，往日置官，全不差別。 沃野一鎮，自將已下八百餘人，黎庶怨嗟，僉曰煩猥。 邊隅事尠，實少畿服，請主帥吏佐五分減二。」 詔曰：「省表具恤民之懷，已敕有司一依所上，下為永準。 如斯之比，不便於民，損化害政者，其備列以聞。」 時細民為豪強陵壓，積年枉滯，一朝見申者，日有百數。 所上事宜便於北邊者，凡四十餘條，皆見嘉納。
Huai memorialized again: "Since Jingming the north has suffered drought year after year. The high plateaus cannot be farmed; only paddy fields offer any harvest. Yet commanders and their staffs seize the best land and leave only poor soil to the people, who grow poorer by the day. I propose that garrison paddy fields be distributed to the people according to the land law, the poor first. If the distribution is unfair and even one man complains, the garrison commander and all signing officials shall forfeit one term's salary, or one full year's salary if four or more are involved. The northern garrisons differ from the central provinces, yet offices were established without distinction. At Woye garrison alone there were more than eight hundred officials from the commander down, and the people universally complained of the burden. Frontier duties are light and far from the capital; I propose reducing commanders and staff by two-fifths." The edict replied: "Your memorial shows genuine care for the people. The relevant offices are ordered to follow your proposals and make them permanent policy. Report any similar measures that burden the people or harm good governance." Common people long oppressed by powerful families saw hundreds of old wrongs redressed in a single day. More than forty proposals for the northern frontier were all praised and adopted.
17
正始元年九月，有告蠕蠕率十二萬騎六道並進，欲直趨沃野、懷朔，南寇恒代。 詔懷以本官，加使持節、侍中，出據北蕃，指授規略，隨須徵發，諸所處分皆以便宜從事。 又詔懷子直寢徽隨懷北行。 詔賜馬一匹、細鎧一具、御矟一枚。 懷拜受訖，乃於其庭跨鞍執矟，躍馬大呼，顧謂賓客曰：「氣力雖衰，尚得如此。 蠕蠕雖畏壯輕老，我亦未便可欺。 今奉廟勝之規，總驍捍之眾，足以擒其酋帥，獻俘闕下耳。」 時年六十一。 懷至雲中，蠕蠕亡遁。
In the ninth month of Zhengshi 1 it was reported that the Rouran were advancing with a hundred and twenty thousand horsemen in six columns toward Woye and Huaishuo, intending to raid Heng and Dai. Huai was ordered to hold his existing post, made envoy with credentials and attendant-in-ordinary, sent to the northern frontier to direct strategy, mobilize troops as needed, and act on his own authority where expedient. His son Zhi and grandson Hui were ordered to accompany him north. He was granted a horse, a suit of fine armor, and an imperial spear. After receiving them he mounted in his courtyard, seized the spear, spurred his horse, and shouted to his guests, "My strength may be failing, but I can still do this. The Rouran may despise the old and fear the young, but they shall not find me easy prey. With the court's strategy behind me and brave troops at my command, I shall capture their chiefs and present them at the palace gates." He was sixty-one years old. When Huai reached Yunzhong the Rouran had already fled.
18
懷旋至恒代，案視諸鎮左右要害之地，可以築城置戍之處。 皆量其高下，揣其厚薄，及儲糧積仗之宜，犬牙相救之勢，凡表五十八條。 表曰：「蠕蠕不覊，自古而爾。 遊魂鳥集，水草為家，中國患者，皆斯類耳。 歷代驅逐，莫之能制。 雖北拓榆中，遠臨瀚海，而智臣勇將，力算俱竭，胡人頗遁，中國以疲。 于時賢哲，思造化之至理，推生民之習業。 量夫中夏粒食邑居之民、蠶衣儒步之士，荒表茹毛飲血之類、鳥宿禽居之徒，親校短長，因宜防制。 知城郭之固，暫勞永逸。 自皇魏統極，都於平城，威震天下，德籠宇宙。 今定鼎成周，去北遙遠。 代表諸蕃北固，高車外叛，尋遭旱儉，戎馬甲兵，十分闕八。 去歲復鎮陰山，庶事蕩盡，遣尚書郎中韓貞、宋世量等檢行要險，防遏形便。 謂準舊鎮東西相望，令形勢相接，築城置戍，分兵要害，勸農積粟，警急之日，隨便翦討。 如此則威形增廣，兵勢亦盛。 且北方沙漠，夏乏水草，時有小泉，不濟大眾。 脫有非意，要待秋冬，因雲而動。 若至冬日，冰沙凝厲，遊騎之寇，終不敢攻城，亦不敢越城南出，如此北方無憂矣。」 世宗從之。 今北鎮諸戍東西九城是也。 遷驃騎大將軍。
On his return to Heng and Dai he surveyed the garrisons for sites where forts and posts could be built. He measured terrain, assessed defenses, planned grain stores and arms depots, and arranged mutual support between posts, memorializing fifty-eight proposals in all. He wrote: "The Rouran have never been tamed, from antiquity to the present. They wander like ghosts and birds, making their home in grass and water—all who plague the central realms are of this kind. Dynasty after dynasty drove them off without mastering them. Though the frontier was pushed to Yuzhong and the Han Sea, wise ministers and brave generals exhausted every resource while the nomads slipped away and the empire grew weary. Sages then pondered the laws of nature and the ways of different peoples. They compared the settled, grain-farming people of the central realms with the raw-flesh nomads beyond the frontier and devised defenses suited to each. They knew that walled cities bring brief toil and lasting security. Since the Wei unified the realm and made Pingcheng its capital, its might shook the world. Now the capital stands at Luoyang, far from the north. Though the north was secured, the Gaoche rebelled abroad; drought and famine followed, and eight-tenths of horses and arms were gone. Last year's Yin Mountain campaign exhausted everything. Han Zhen, Song Shiliang, and others were sent to survey the passes and plan defenses. They proposed linking the old garrisons east and west, building forts and posts, garrisoning vital points, encouraging farming and storing grain, so that on alarm troops could strike at will. Thus our prestige would grow and our military strength increase. The northern desert lacks water and grass in summer; small springs cannot sustain large armies. If they mean mischief, they must wait until autumn and winter. In winter, when ice binds the sand, roaming cavalry will not dare attack our cities or cross south of the walls—the north will be secure." Emperor Shizong accepted the proposal. These are the nine frontier cities east and west of the northern garrisons today. He was promoted to grand general of agile cavalry.
19
時武興氐王楊紹先叔集起反叛，詔懷使持節、侍中、都督平氐諸軍事以討之，須有興廢，任從權計。 其邢巒、李煥並禀節度。 三年六月卒，年六十三。 詔給東園祕器、朝服一具、衣一襲、錢二十萬、布七百匹、蠟三百斤，贈司徒、冀州刺史。 兼吏部尚書盧昶奏：「太常寺議諡曰，懷體尚寬柔，器操平正，依諡法，柔直考終曰『靖』，宜諡靖公。 司徒府議，懷作牧陝西，民餘惠化，入總端貳，朝列歸仁，依諡法，布德執義曰『穆』，宜諡穆公。 二諡不同。」 詔曰：「府、寺所執，並不克允，愛民好與曰『惠』，可諡惠公。」
When the Di king Yang Shaoxian's uncle Jiqi rebelled, Huai was sent as envoy with credentials and attendant-in-ordinary to suppress him, with full discretion to act as he saw fit. Xing Luan and Li Huan both served under his command. He died in the sixth month of the third year, aged sixty-three. He was granted secret burial vessels, court robes, a suit of clothes, two hundred thousand cash, seven hundred bolts of cloth, and three hundred jin of wax, and was posthumously made duke of the masses and inspector of Jizhou. Lu Chang of the ministry of personnel reported that the court of imperial sacrifices proposed the posthumous title Jing, meaning gentle and upright to the end. The secretariat of the duke of the masses proposed Mu, for spreading virtue and upholding righteousness. The two proposals differed. The edict ruled: "Neither proposal fully fits. Loving the people and delighting in generosity is Hui—he shall be posthumously titled Duke Hui."
20
懷性寬容簡約，不好煩碎，恒語人曰：「為貴人，理世務當舉綱維，何必須太子細也。 譬如為屋，但外望高顯，楹棟平正，基壁完牢，風雨不入，足矣。 斧斤不平，斲削不密，非屋之病也。」 又性不飲酒而喜以飲人，好接賓友，雅善音律，雖在白首，至宴居之暇，常自操絲竹。 懷有七子。
Huai was tolerant and unpretentious, disliking petty detail. He often said, "A nobleman governing affairs should grasp the main lines—why fuss over every thread? Building a house needs only a lofty appearance, straight pillars and beams, solid walls, and shelter from wind and rain—that is enough. Rough axes and uneven carving are not the house's fault." He did not drink himself but loved to host others; he welcomed guests and was skilled in music—even in old age he would play string and bamboo instruments at leisure. Huai had seven sons.
21
長子規，字靈度。 中書學生、羽林監，襲爵。 年三十三卒。
His eldest son Gui, courtesy name Lingdu. He was a student of the secretariat and supervisor of the feathered forest, and inherited his father's title. He died at thirty-three.
22
子肅，襲。 卒。
His son Su inherited the title. He died.
23
子紹，襲。 景明初，詔復王爵，[9]尋除隴西郡開國公。 卒於光祿大夫。 贈度支尚書、冀州刺史，諡曰文。
His son Shao inherited the title. At the beginning of Jingming his princely title was restored;[9] soon he was made Duke of Longxi with a state fief. He died while serving as grand master of splendid happiness. He was posthumously made director of the revenue section and inspector of Jizhou, with the posthumous title Wen.
24
子文遠，襲。 齊受禪，例降。
His son Wenyuan inherited the title. When Qi received the abdication his rank was reduced by precedent.
25
規弟榮，字靈並。 年三十二，卒於司徒掾，贈光州刺史。
Gui's younger brother Rong, courtesy name Lingbing. He died at thirty-two while serving as secretariat aide to the duke of the masses and was posthumously made inspector of Guangzhou.
26
榮弟徽，字靈祚。 年二十八，卒於直閤將軍，特贈洛州刺史，諡曰質。
Rong's younger brother Hui, courtesy name Lingzuo. He died at twenty-eight as general of the direct gate and was specially posthumously made inspector of Luozhou, with the posthumous title Zhi.
27
徽弟玄諒，出後懷弟奐。 卒，贈代郡太守。
Hui's younger brother Xuanliang was adopted as heir to Huai's younger brother Huan. He died and was posthumously made administrator of Dai commandery.
28
玄諒弟子雍，字靈和。 少好文雅，篤志於學，推誠待士，士多歸之。 自祕書郎，除太子舍人、涼州中正。 肅宗踐阼，以宮臣例轉奉車都尉，遷司徒屬。 轉太中大夫、司徒司馬。 除恒農太守，遷夏州刺史。
Xuanliang's nephew Yong, courtesy name Linghe. From youth he loved learning and treated scholars with sincerity; many gathered to him. From secretary he was made household attendant to the heir apparent and chief rectifier of Liangzhou. When Emperor Suzong ascended the throne he was transferred by precedent to commandant of the imperial procession, then to secretariat aide under the duke of the masses. He was promoted to grand master of palace counsel and secretariat marshal. He was made administrator of Hengnong, then inspector of Xiazhou.
29
時沃野鎮人破落汗拔陵首為反亂，所在蜂起，統萬逆胡，與相應接。 子雍嬰城自守，城中糧盡，煮馬皮而食之。 子雍善綏撫，得士心，人人戮力，無有離貳。 以飢饉轉切，欲自出求糧，留子延伯據守。 僚屬僉云：「今天下分析，寇賊萬重，四方音信，莫不斷絕，俄頃之間，變在不意，何宜父子如此分張？ 未若棄城俱去，更展規略。」 子雍泣而謂眾曰：「吾世荷國恩，早受藩寄，此是吾死地，更欲何求！ 然守禦以來，歲月不淺，所患乏糧，不得制勝。 吾今向東州，得數月之食，還與諸人保全必矣。」 遂自率羸弱，向東夏運糧。 延伯與將士送出城外，哭而拜辭，三軍莫不嗚咽。 子雍行數日，為朔方胡帥曹阿各拔所邀，力屈見執。 子雍乃密遣人齎書，間行與城中文武云：「大軍在近，努力圍守，必令諸人福流苗裔。」 又敕延伯令共固守。 子雍雖被囚執，雅為胡人所敬，常以民禮事之。 子雍為陳安危禍福之理，勸阿各拔令降，阿各拔將從之，未果而死。 拔弟桑生代總部眾，竟隨子雍降。 時北海王顥為大行臺，子雍具陳賊可滅之狀。 顥給子雍兵馬，令其先行。 時東夏合境反叛，所在屯結。 子雍轉鬬而前，九旬之中凡數十戰，仍平東夏，徵稅租粟，運於統萬。 於是二夏漸寧。
When Poluohan Baling of Woye garrison first rebelled, uprisings erupted everywhere, and the rebels of Tongwan joined them. Ziyong held the city under siege until grain ran out and the defenders boiled horse hides to eat. Ziyong won his men's hearts through kindness; all fought as one without dissent. As famine grew desperate he resolved to go out for grain himself and leave his son Yanbo to hold the city. His staff objected: "The realm is divided, enemies swarm on every side, and all communication is cut. Disaster may strike at any moment—how can father and son separate? Better to abandon the city together and plan anew." Ziyong wept and told them, "My family has long served the state. This frontier post is my charge and my grave—what more could I want? We have held the city long, but without grain we cannot win. I will go east for supplies. When I return with food for several months, we shall surely hold the city." He then led a small force east to bring back grain. Yanbo and the garrison escorted him beyond the walls, weeping as they took leave; the whole army sobbed. After several days he was intercepted by the Shuo-fang Hu chieftain Cao Ageba and captured. Ziyong secretly sent a letter into the city: "Relief is near. Hold fast, and your descendants shall know blessing." He also ordered Yanbo to hold the city. Though captive, he won the Hu's respect and was treated with courtesy. He urged Ageba to submit by explaining the logic of safety and ruin. Ageba was about to agree when he died. Ageba's brother Sangsheng took command and eventually submitted with Ziyong. The Prince of Beihai Hao was then grand mobile secretariat; Ziyong explained fully how the rebels could be destroyed. Hao gave him troops and ordered him to advance first. The whole eastern region had rebelled and rebels gathered everywhere. Ziyong fought his way forward, engaging in dozens of battles over ninety days, pacified eastern Xia, levied grain, and shipped it to Tongwan. The two Xia regions were gradually pacified.
30
及蕭寶夤等為賊所敗，賊帥宿勤明達遣息阿非率眾邀路。 華州、白水被圍逼，關右騷擾，咫尺不通。 時子雍新平黑城，遂率士馬并夏州募義之民，攜家席卷，鼓行南出。 賊帥康維摩擁率羌胡守鋸谷，斷[嬰瓦]棠橋，子雍與交戰，大破之，生禽維摩。 又攻賊帥契官斤於楊氏堡，破之。 子雍出自西夏，漸至於東，轉戰千里，至是，朝廷始得其委問。 除散騎常侍、使持節、假撫軍將軍、都督、兼行臺尚書。 復破賊帥紇單步胡提於曲沃堡。 肅宗璽書勞勉之。 子雍在白水郡復破阿非軍，多所斬獲。 詔遣侍中、尚書令、城陽王徽於潼關宣旨慰勞。 除中軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫、給事黃門侍郎，封樂平縣開國公，邑一千戶。
When Xiao Baoyin and others were defeated, the rebel chief Suqin Mingda sent his son Afei to block the road. Huazhou and Baishui were besieged; the region west of the passes was in turmoil and communications were cut. Having just pacified Heicheng, Ziyong led his troops and Xiazhou volunteers south with their families, marching to the drum. The rebel Kang Weimo held Jug Valley with Qiang and Hu forces and cut the Yingtang Bridge. Ziyong attacked, routed them, and captured Weimo alive. He also defeated the rebel Qiguanjin at Yang's Fort. Fighting from western Xia eastward over a thousand li, he at last sent detailed reports to the court. He was made regular attendant at the palace secretariat, envoy with credentials, acting general who pacifies the army, supervisor, and concurrent mobile secretariat director. He again defeated the rebel chief Hedan Buhuti at Quwo Fort. Emperor Suzong sent an imperial letter of commendation. At Baishui he again routed Afei's force and took many heads and captives. An edict sent Attendant-in-Ordinary and Director of the Masters of Writing Prince of Chengyang Yuan Hui to Tong Pass to convey the imperial message and offer encouragement. He was made general of the central army, grand master of splendid happiness with golden seal and purple girdle, attendant at the yellow gate, and duke of Leping with a founding fief of one thousand households.
31
還洛，以葛榮久逼信都，詔假子雍征北將軍，為北討都督。 時相州刺史安樂王鑒據鄴反，敕子雍與都督李神軌先討之。 子雍行達湯陰，鑒遣弟斌之夜襲子雍軍，不克，奔敗而返。 子雍乘機繼進，徑圍鄴城，與裴衍、神軌等攻鑒，平之。 改封陽平縣開國公，增邑千五百戶，進號鎮東將軍。 遂與裴衍發鄴以討葛榮，而信都城陷。 除子雍冀州刺史。 餘官如故。 子雍以冀州不守，上書曰：「賊中甚飢，專仰野掠。 今朝廷足食，兵卒飽暖。 高壁深壘，勿與爭鋒，彼求戰則不得，野掠無所獲，不盈數旬，可坐制凶醜。」 時裴衍復表求行，詔子雍與衍速進。 子雍重表固請，如謂不可，乞令裴衍獨行。 若不賜解，求停裴衍。 苟逼同行，[10]取敗旦夕。 詔不聽，遂與衍俱進。 至陽平郡東北漳曲，榮率賊十萬來逼官軍。 子雍戰敗被害，年四十。 朝野痛惜之。 贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司、雍州刺史，公如故。 永安中，重贈司空，諡曰莊穆。
Back in Luoyang, with Ge Rong long besieging Xindu, an edict made Ziyong acting general who pacifies the north and northern campaign commander. Prince of Anle Yuan Jian, inspector of Xiangzhou, held Ye in revolt; Ziyong and Commissioner Li Shengui were ordered to crush him first. Ziyong reached Tangyin; Jian sent his brother Bin to raid the camp by night, failed, and fled back in defeat. Ziyong pressed on, besieged Ye, and with Pei Yan and Shengui defeated Jian and pacified the city. His fief was changed to duke of Yangping with a founding title, his household fief was increased by fifteen hundred, and he was promoted to general who guards the east. He then left Ye with Pei Yan against Ge Rong, but Xindu fell. Ziyong was made inspector of Jizhou. His other offices remained unchanged. Unable to hold Jizhou, Ziyong memorialized: "The rebels are starving and live only by raiding the countryside. The court has ample provisions and the troops are fed and warm. Raise high walls and deep ramparts and refuse battle; denied a fight and unable to raid for food, within weeks we can subdue these villains without stirring. At that point Pei Yan again asked to march, and an edict ordered Ziyong and Yan to advance at once. Ziyong memorialized again and firmly asked that, if the plan was rejected, Pei Yan be allowed to march alone. If he was not relieved of duty, he asked that Pei Yan be stopped. If forced to march together, [10] defeat would come within days. The court refused; he advanced together with Yan. At Zhangqu northeast of Yangping commandery, Rong led a hundred thousand rebels against the government army. Ziyong was defeated and killed; he was forty. Court and country mourned him. Posthumously he was made general of chariots and cavalry, granted honorary three departments rank, and named inspector of Yongzhou; his ducal title remained. In the Yong'an era he was again posthumously made minister of works, with the posthumous name Solemn.
32
長子延伯，出後從伯。 次子士則，早亡。 士則弟士正、士規，並坐事死。 次楷，字士質，小字那延，襲。 武定中，齊文襄王府參軍，齊受禪，例降。
The eldest son Yanbo was adopted by a paternal uncle. The second son Shize died young. Shize's brothers Shizheng and Shigui both died for crimes. Next came Kai, styled Shizhi, childhood name Nayan, who inherited the title. In the Wuding era he was a staff officer in the household of Prince Wenxiang of Qi; when Qi took the throne, his rank was reduced by precedent.
33
延伯，初為司空參軍事。 時南秦民吳富反叛，詔以河間王琛為都督，延伯叔父子恭為軍司。 延伯為統軍，隨子恭西討，戰必先鋒。 子恭見其年幼，常訶制之而不能禁。
Yanbo first served as staff officer under the minister of works. When the commoner Wu Fu of southern Qin rebelled, Prince of Hejian Yuan Chen was made commissioner and Yanbo's cousin Zigong army secretary. Yanbo was army commander; marching west with Zigong, he always led the vanguard in battle. Zigong, finding him too young, often scolded and restrained him but could not stop him.
34
子雍在夏州，表乞兵援，詔延伯率羽林一千人赴之，城鬬野戰，勇冠三軍。 子雍之向東夏，留延伯城守，付以後事。 延伯與兵士共分湯菜，防固城隍。 及子雍為胡所執，合城憂懼，延伯乃人人曉喻曰：「吾父吉凶不測，方寸焦爛，實難裁割。 但奉命守城，所為處重，若以私害公，誠孝並闕，諸君幸得此心，無虧所寄。」 於是眾感其義，莫不勵憤。 朝廷聞而嘉之。 除龍驤將軍，行夏州事，封五城縣開國子，食邑三百戶。 卒能固守。 及後刺史至，延伯率領義眾還赴子雍，共平黑城。 在[嬰瓦]棠橋戰，先鋒陷陳，身擒維摩。 及至白水，首摧阿非。
At Xiazhou Ziyong asked for reinforcements; Yanbo was ordered to lead a thousand imperial guards to his aid, and in siege and field battle his courage topped the army. When Ziyong marched into eastern Xia, he left Yanbo to hold the city and entrusted him with everything that followed. Yanbo shared thin soup and vegetables with the troops and strengthened the walls and moat. When Ziyong was captured by the Hu, the whole city was terrified; Yanbo addressed the men one by one: "My father's fate is unknown; my heart is torn—it is hard to choose between public duty and private grief. But I am under orders to hold the city, and that duty weighs heavily; if private grief harms public service, both loyalty and filial piety fail. I hope you share this resolve and do not betray what has been entrusted to us. The men were moved by his stand and steeled themselves to fight. The court heard and praised him. He was made general of agile cavalry, acting governor of Xiazhou, and viscount of Wucheng with a founding fief of three hundred households. In the end he held firm. When the new inspector arrived, Yanbo led volunteer troops back to Ziyong and together they pacified Heicheng. At Yingtang Bridge he led the vanguard into the enemy lines and captured Weimo himself. At Baishui he was first to defeat Afei.
35
隨子雍至都，進爵浮陽伯，增封百戶，為諫議大夫。 假冠軍將軍、別將，隨子雍北討。 與葛榮戰歿，時年二十四。 贈持節、平北將軍、涼州刺史，開國如故。
Following Ziyong to the capital, he was raised to baron of Fuyang, given a hundred additional households, and made remonstrance and review grand master. As acting general who establishes victory and separate commander, he followed Ziyong on the northern campaign. He died fighting Ge Rong at the age of twenty-four. Posthumously he was made bearer of the staff, general who pacifies the north, and inspector of Liangzhou; his founding title remained.
36
子孝孫，襲。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Xiaosun inherited the title. When Qi took the throne, his rank was reduced by precedent.
37
子雍弟子恭，字靈順，聰惠好學。 初辟司空參軍事。 司徒祭酒、尚書北主客郎中，攝南主客事。
Ziyong's nephew Zigong, styled Lingshun, was clever and studious. He was first recruited as staff officer under the minister of works. He became director of libations under the minister of education, northern host-guest gentleman in the masters of writing, and concurrently handled southern host-guest affairs.
38
蕭衍亡人許周自稱為衍給事黃門待郎，朝士翕然，咸共信待。 子恭奏曰：「徐州表投化人許團并其弟周等。 究其牒狀，周列云己蕭衍黃門侍郎。 又稱心存山水，不好榮宦，屢曾辭讓，貽彼赫怒，遂被出為齊康郡。 因爾歸國，願畢志嵩嶺。 比加採訪，略無證明； 尋其表狀，又復莫落。 案牒推理，實有所疑。 何者？ 昔夷齊獨往，周王不屈其志； 伯況辭祿，漢帝因成其美。 斯實古先哲王，必有不臣之人者也。 蕭衍雖復崎嶇江左，竊號一隅，至於處物，未甚悖禮。 豈有士辭榮祿而苟不聽之哉？ 推察情理，此則孟浪。 假蕭衍昏狂，[11]不存雅道，逼士出郡，未為死急，何宜輕去生養之土，長辭父母之邦乎？ 若言不好榮官，志願嵩嶺者，初屆之日，即應杖策尋山，負帙沿水，而乃廣尋知己，遍造執事，希榮之心已見，逃宦之志安在？ 昔梁鴻去鄉，終傭吳會； 逄萌浮海，遠客遼東。 並全志養性，逍遙而已，考之事實，何其懸哉？ 又其履歷清華，名位高達，計其家累，應在不輕。 今者歸化，何其孤迥？ 設使當時怱遽，不得攜將，及其來後，家貲產業應見簿斂，尊卑口累亦當從法。 而周兄弟怡然，嘗無憂戚。 若無種族，理或可通，如有不坐，便應是衍故遣，非周投化。 推究二三，真偽難辨，請下徐揚二州密訪，必令獲實，不盈數旬，玉石可覩。」 於是詔推訪，周果以罪歸闕，假稱職位，如子恭所疑。
Xu Zhou, a defector from Xiao Yan, claimed to be Yan's attendant at the yellow gate; court scholars flocked to him and all trusted him. Zigong memorialized: "Xuzhou reported the surrender of Xu Tuan and his brother Zhou and others. Examining their documents, Zhou listed himself as Xiao Yan's yellow gate attendant. He also claimed to love mountains and streams, dislike rank and office, and to have declined repeatedly until Yan's wrath sent him out as governor of Qikang commandery. He then came to our state, wishing to fulfill his aspiration on Mount Song. Further inquiry found almost no proof; and his memorials and records were again sparse. Reviewing the documents, I find real grounds for doubt. Why? Long ago Boyi and Shuqi went their own way, and the Zhou king did not bend their will; Bo Tong declined salary, and the Han emperor honored his choice. This shows that sage kings of old respected men who would not serve as ordinary subjects. Though Xiao Yan held a corner of the land east of the river and usurped a title, in his dealings he was not greatly contrary to ritual. Would he simply ignore a scholar who declined rank and salary? Weighing the circumstances, this claim is implausible. Even if Xiao Yan were mad, [11] abandoned propriety, and forced a scholar from his commandery, that is hardly a matter of life and death—why lightly abandon the land that nurtured you and forever leave your native country? If he truly disliked rank and aspired to Mount Song, he should have taken staff and scrolls to the hills on his first day here; instead he sought patrons everywhere and visited every official—his hunger for glory is plain, and where is his wish to flee office? Long ago Liang Hong left his home and ended as a hired hand in Wu and Kuai; Pang Meng crossed the sea and lived as a distant guest in Liaodong. Both preserved their will and lived freely—compared with the facts, how far apart they are! Moreover his career was distinguished and his rank high; his household dependents cannot have been few. Yet in coming over now, how solitary and abrupt he is! Suppose he fled in haste and could not bring them—after his arrival, household property should be registered and taxed, and dependents of every rank should be accounted for by law. Yet the Zhou brothers are at ease, with no sign of worry or grief. If they have no kin, that might be explained; if some were left behind, it must be that Yan sent Zhou here deliberately rather than that Zhou came of his own accord. Pursue two or three of these points and truth and falsehood cannot easily be told apart; please order secret inquiry in Xu and Yang provinces, and within weeks the genuine and the false will be plain. An edict ordered investigation; Zhou was brought back under charge for falsely claiming rank, just as Zigong had suspected.
39
河州羌却鐵怱反，[12]殺害長吏，詔子恭持節為行臺，率諸將討之。 子恭嚴勒州郡及諸軍，不得犯民一物，輕與賊戰，然後示以威恩，兩旬間悉皆降款。 朝廷嘉之。 正光元年，為行臺左丞，巡行北邊。
Qie Tiecang of the Hezhou Qiang rebelled, [12] killing senior officials; Zigong was ordered as mobile commissioner with imperial credentials to lead the generals against him. Zigong strictly forbade the prefectures, commanderies, and armies to harm the people in the least, fought the rebels cautiously, then showed both sternness and kindness; within twenty days all surrendered. The court praised him. In Zhengguang 1 he was left director of the mobile secretariat, touring the northern frontier.
40
轉為起部郎。 明堂、辟雍並未建就，子恭上書曰：「臣聞辟臺望氣，軌物之德既高； 方堂布政，範世之道斯遠。 是以書契之重，理冠於造化； 推尊之美，事絕於生民。 至如郊天饗帝，蓋以對越上靈； 宗祀配天，是用酬膺下土。 大孝莫之能加，嚴父以茲為大，乃皇王之休業，有國之盛典。 竊惟皇魏居震統極，總宙馭宇，革制土中，垂式無外。 自北徂南，同卜維於洛食； 定鼎遷民，均氣候於寒暑。 高祖所以始基，世宗於是恢構。 按功成作樂，治定制禮，乃訪遺文，修廢典，建明堂，立學校，興一代之茂矩，標千載之英規。 永平之中，始創雉構，基趾草昧，迄無成功。 故尚書令、任城王臣澄按故司空臣沖所造明堂樣，并連表詔答、兩京模式，奏求營起。 緣期發旨，即加葺繕。 侍中、領軍臣叉，總動作官，[13]宣贊授令。 自茲厥後，方配兵人，或給一千，或與數百，進退節縮，曾無定準，欲望速了，理在難克。 若使專役此功，長得營造，委成責辦，容有就期。 但所給之夫，本自寡少，諸處競借，動即千計。 雖有繕作之名，終無就功之實。 爽塏荒茫，淹積年載，結架崇構，指就無兆。 仍令肄冑之禮，掩仰而不進； 養老之儀，寂寥而不返。 構厦止於尺土，為山頓於一匱，良可惜歟！ 愚謂召民經始，必有子來之歌； 興造勿亟，將致不日之美。 況本兵不多，兼之牽役，廢此與彼，循環無極。 便是輟創禮之重，資不急之費，廢經國之功，供寺館之役，求之遠圖，不亦闕矣？ 今諸寺大作，稍以粗舉，並可徹減，專事經綜，嚴勒工匠，務令克成。 使祖宗有薦配之期，蒼生覩禮樂之富。」 書奏，從之。 除冠軍將軍、中散大夫，又領治書侍御史。
He was transferred to gentleman of the construction bureau. The Bright Hall and Imperial Academy were not yet finished; Zigong submitted a memorial: "I have heard that the raised platform for observing the qi of heaven shows virtue that orders all things; and the square hall for dispensing governance shows a Way that models the world. The weight of writing and record surpasses creation itself; and the beauty of honoring the supreme stands above ordinary human affairs. Sacrifice to Heaven in the suburbs and offerings to the Lord on High respond to the supreme spirits; ancestral worship paired with Heaven repays the charge received over the realm below. Nothing exceeds the greatest filial piety; reverence for the father is its crown—the splendid work of emperors and kings and the grand ceremony of any state. I humbly consider that Great Wei, rooted in the east and holding the ultimate pole, governs heaven and earth, reforms institutions at the center of the land, and sets a model for all beyond. From north to south it divined alike to establish itself at Luoyang; fixed the cauldrons, moved the people, and balanced the climates of cold and heat. Emperor Gaozu laid the foundation; Emperor Shizong expanded the structure. When merit is complete, music follows; when order is settled, rites are fixed—thereupon lost texts were sought, abolished canons restored, the Bright Hall built, schools established, a flourishing model raised for the age, and a standard set for a thousand years. In the Yongping era construction was first begun, but the foundations lay still raw and unformed, and nothing was ever completed. The former minister over the masters of writing, Prince of Rencheng Chen, reviewed the Bright Hall model made by the late minister of works Chong, together with the related memorials, imperial replies, and models of the two capitals, and submitted a request to begin construction. When the appointed date came and the decree went out, work on repairs began at once. The minister of the household and general of the guard, Cha, took overall charge of the construction officials, [13] issuing and relaying orders. After that, laborers were drawn from the army in batches of a thousand here, a few hundred there, increased or cut back without any fixed rule; to expect quick completion was, by any reckoning, impossible. If men were assigned exclusively to this project, kept at the work without interruption, and held accountable until it was finished, the deadline might yet be met. But the men allotted were too few from the start, and every office competed to borrow them until thousands were pulled away at a stroke. Construction existed in name only, and nothing was ever truly finished. The site lay bright and empty, desolate year after year; timber frames and towering structures rose, yet completion seemed nowhere in sight. The rite of martial drill remains suspended, covered over and unperformed; and the ceremony honoring the aged stands abandoned, with no sign of revival. A hall abandoned after a foot of earth is laid, a mountain left unfinished with one basket of soil still to go—what a waste! I believe that when the people are called to begin the work, there will be a song of willing labor; and if construction is not rushed, the beauty of swift completion will follow in its own time. Moreover the army is already small, and with conscript labor pulled now here, now there, the cycle never ends. To set aside the weight of founding rites, spend on what is not urgent, abandon work that sustains the state, and supply labor for temples and halls—can any far-sighted plan afford such neglect? The great temple projects now under way, even if only roughly begun, should all be cut back; concentrate on the Bright Hall and Imperial Academy, keep the craftsmen under strict command, and see the work through to completion. Then the ancestors may receive their offerings on schedule, and the people may witness the full splendor of rites and music. The memorial was submitted and accepted. He was made general who quells the champions and palace attendant of the central staff, and also supervising secretary attendant of the masters of writing.
41
秦益氐反，詔子恭持節為都督、河間王琛軍司以討之。 事平，仍行南秦州事。 及六鎮反，以子恭兼給事黃門郎，持節慰勞。 還，拜河內太守，加後將軍，平絳蜀反。 丹谷、清廉二路險澀不通，以子恭為當郡別將。 [14]俄而建興蜀復反，相與連勢，進子恭為持節、散騎常侍、假平北將軍、征建興都督，仍兼尚書行臺，與正平都督長孫稚合勢進討，大破之。 正平賊帥范明遠與賊帥劉牙奴並面縛請降。 事平，除平南將軍、豫州刺史，尋加散騎常侍、撫軍將軍。
When the Qin and Yi Di rebelled, Zigong was ordered, with imperial credentials, to serve as army secretary under Prince of Hejian Chen and campaign against them. When the campaign ended, he continued to administer southern Qin province. When the Six Garrisons rose in revolt, Zigong was additionally made attendant of affairs at the yellow gate and sent with imperial credentials to comfort the troops. On his return he was appointed administrator of Henei and promoted to rear general, and he pacified the Jiang and Shu rebels. The Dangu and Qinglian passes were treacherous and impassable, and Zigong was made separate commander for the commandery. [14] Soon the Jianxing Shu rebelled again and joined forces; Zigong was promoted to bearer of the staff, regular attendant at the capital gate, acting general who pacifies the north, and commissioner for Jianxing, while still holding the masters of writing mobile bureau. He joined Zhengping commissioner Zhangsun Zhi, advanced together, and routed them. The Zhengping rebel leaders Fan Mingyuan and Liu Yanu both came forward bound and asked to surrender. When the campaign ended he was made general who pacifies the south and governor of Yuzhou, and soon afterward was also given regular attendant at the capital gate and general who pacifies the army.
42
武泰初，郢州刺史元願達以城降蕭衍，詔徵都督尉慶賓還京師，回眾隸子恭以討之。 衍將夏侯夔率眾數萬來寇，遠近不安。 夔乘勢分兵，遂逼新蔡，自攻毛城。 子恭隨方應援，賊並破走。 蕭衍豫州刺史夏侯亶復遣四將，率眾三萬，入圍南頓，北攻陳項。 子恭遣軍禦之，賊復奔退。 加鎮南將軍，又兼尚書行臺。 子恭勒眾渡淮，徙民於淮北，立郡縣，置戍而還。 蕭衍直閤將軍、軍主胡智達等八將，與其監軍閻次洪入寇，屯於州城東北四十餘里。 子恭擊破之，斬智達，生擒次洪。
At the beginning of the Wutai era, Yingzhou governor Yuan Yuanda surrendered his city to Xiao Yan; Wei Qingbin was recalled to the capital, and his troops were placed under Zigong to mount the counterattack. Xiao Yan's general Xiahou Man marched in with tens of thousands of men, and the region was thrown into alarm. Man took advantage of the moment to split his forces, pressed toward Xincai, and himself attacked Maocheng. Zigong sent relief wherever it was needed and drove the enemy back on every front. Xiao Yan's Yuzhou governor Xiahou Dan sent four more generals with thirty thousand men to besiege Nandun and strike north toward Chen and Xiang. Zigong sent troops against them, and the enemy fled once more. He was promoted to general who guards the south and again held the masters of writing mobile bureau. Zigong crossed the Huai with his army, resettled the people north of the river, established prefectures and counties, posted garrisons, and withdrew. Xiao Yan's direct attendant general and army commander Hu Zhida, seven other generals, and their supervising general Yan Cihong invaded and encamped some forty li northeast of the provincial capital. Zigong routed them, killed Zhida, and took Cihong alive.
43
元顥之入洛也，加子恭車騎將軍，子恭不敢拒之，而頻遣間使參莊帝動靜。 未幾，顥敗，車駕還洛，進征南將軍、兼右僕射，假車騎將軍，後加散騎常侍。
When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Zigong was promoted to general of chariots and cavalry. He did not dare refuse, but he repeatedly sent secret envoys to report on Emperor Zhuang's movements. Before long Hao was defeated and the emperor returned to Luoyang. Zigong was promoted to general who campaigns the south and right vice director, given acting rank as general of chariots and cavalry, and later made regular attendant at the capital gate.
44
板橋蠻文石活、石忌麤受蕭衍印節，扇誘黨類，據險寇竊。 子恭躬率將士，徑襲其柵，數日之中，殲殪略盡。 諸蠻款服，咸求輸稅。 徵拜右光祿大夫、給事黃門侍郎，仍本將軍。 錄其前後征討功，封臨潁縣開國侯，食邑六百戶，加散騎常侍。 俄遷侍中。
The Banqiao tribesmen Wen Shihuo and Wen Jicu accepted seals and credentials from Xiao Yan, stirred up their followers, seized the high ground, and launched raids. Zigong led his officers and men in person, struck their stockade directly, and within days had all but wiped them out. The tribes all submitted and asked to pay tribute. He was summoned to court as right director of the imperial household and attendant of affairs at the yellow gate, while retaining his general's rank. His earlier and later campaign achievements were recorded, and he was enfeoffed as marquis of a chief district at Linying with a fief of six hundred households and given regular attendant at the capital gate. Soon afterward he was made minister of the household.
45
尒朱榮之死也，世隆、度律據斷河橋，詔子恭為都督以討之，出頓於大夏門北。 尋而太府卿李苗夜燒河橋，世隆退走，仍以子恭兼尚書僕射，為大行臺、大都督。 尋遷衞將軍、假車騎將軍，率諸將於太行築壘以防之。 既而尒朱兆率眾南出，子恭所部都督史仵龍、羊文義開柵降兆。 子恭退走，為兆所破。 眾既退散，兆因入洛。 子恭竄于緱氏，仍被執送。 俄而見釋。
After Erzhu Rong's death, Shilong and Dulü seized and blocked the river bridge. Zigong was ordered as commissioner to attack them and encamped north of Daxia Gate. Soon Grand Steward Li Miao burned the bridge by night. Shilong withdrew, and Zigong was made vice director of the masters of writing, great mobile bureau, and grand commissioner. Soon he was made general of the guard and acting general of chariots and cavalry, and led the generals to build fortifications in the Taihang Mountains against the enemy. Before long Erzhu Zhao marched south. Two of Zigong's subordinate commissioners, Shi Wulong and Yang Wenyi, opened the gates and surrendered to Zhao. Zigong fell back and was routed by Zhao. Once the army had broken and fled, Zhao entered Luoyang. Zigong fled to Gou Shi but was captured and taken away under guard. He was released shortly afterward.
46
子彪，字文宗。 子恭存日，轉授臨潁縣開國侯。 武定末，太子洗馬。
His son Biao, styled Wenzong. While Zigong was still alive, he transferred the marquisate of Linying chief district to him. At the end of the Wuding era he served as palace attendant to the crown prince.
47
彪弟文瑤，武定中，襲襄城縣開國男。 齊受禪，爵並降。
Biao's younger brother Wenyao inherited the barony of Xiangcheng chief district during the Wuding era. When Qi accepted the abdication, both titles were reduced.
48
子恭弟纂，字靈秀。 員外散騎侍郎，累遷征虜將軍、通直散騎常侍、涼州大中正，轉太府少卿。 建義初，遇害河陰，年三十七。 贈散騎常侍、征北將軍、定州刺史。
Zigong's younger brother Zuan, styled Lingxiu. He was outside-the-staff regular attendant at the capital gate, then successively general who subdues barbarians, regular attendant at the direct gate, senior rectifier of Liangzhou, and vice director of the grand steward's office. At the beginning of the Jianyi era he was killed at Heyin, at the age of thirty-seven. He was posthumously given regular attendant at the capital gate, general who campaigns the north, and governor of Dingzhou.
49
懷弟奐，字思周，少而謹密。 初為中書學生。 隨父討敕勒，有斬獲之功，遷中散。 前後使檢察州鎮十餘所，皆有功績。 除長樂太守，以母老解官歸養。 卒，無子。
Huai's younger brother Huan, styled Sizhou, was careful and disciplined from youth. He began as a student at the secretariat. He followed his father on campaign against the Chile, won credit in battle, and was promoted to central staff attendant. On more than ten inspection missions to prefectures and garrisons, he achieved results every time. He was appointed administrator of Changle, but resigned to go home and care for his aged mother. He died without heirs.
50
史臣曰：源賀堂堂，非徒武節而已，其翼戴高宗，庭抑禪讓，殆社稷之臣也。 懷幹略兼舉，出內有聲，繼迹賢考，不墜先業。 子雍効立夏方，身亡冀野，惜乎！
The historian writes: Yuan He was a man of presence—not courage alone. He upheld Emperor Wencheng, checked the disorder of succession in court, and was nearly a pillar of the realm. Huai united talent and strategy and won renown at court and beyond, following his worthy father's path without letting the family name decline. Ziyong won distinction in the Xia region and fell in the wilds of Ji—what a loss!
51
校勘記
Collation Notes
52
宜其得實李慈銘云：「『其得』當乙作『得其』。 北史 〈卷二八源賀傳〉 作『宜保其實』，『保』乃『得』字之誤。」
It is fitting that truth be obtained. Li Ciming notes: "qi de should be transposed to read de qi. History of the Northern Dynasties 〈Biography of Yuan He, scroll 28〉 reads yi bao qi shi; bao is a mistaken form of de."
53
顧憶誠言李慈銘云：「『誠言』本當作『忠言』，此或隋人所追改。 下延伯傳『誠孝』二字亦同。」
Looking back on sincere words. Li Ciming notes: "cheng yan originally should read zhong yan; this may have been altered by Sui editors. The same applies to the two characters cheng xiao in Yanbo's biography below."
54
西冶都將諸本「冶」作「治」。 按「西治」無義，隋書卷二七百官志中北齊太府寺所統有「諸冶東道」及「諸冶西道」諸局，乃鑄冶機構。 北齊多本魏制，「西冶都將」當是管理諸冶西道的官員。 舊本「冶」字帶草，以後各本訛作「治」。 今改正。
Director of the Western Smelting Office. All editions read zhi for ye. Comment: "Western Governance" makes no sense. Suishu, scroll 27, Bureaucratic Treatise, lists under the Northern Qi grand steward's office the bureaus "Various Smelting Offices Eastern Route" and "Various Smelting Offices Western Route"—casting and smelting agencies. Northern Qi largely followed Wei institutions; "director of the western smelting office" should be the official in charge of the western smelting route. In older editions ye was written with the grass radical; later copies corrupted it to zhi. Corrected accordingly.
55
輕恩尚免北史卷二八源懷傳「輕」作「經」，這裏「輕」字當是形訛。
Light favor still exempts. Beishi, scroll 28, Biography of Yuan Huai, reads jing for qing; qing here is probably a graphic error.
56
臣亡父先臣賀與長孫渴侯陸麗等表迎高宗北史卷二八「表」作「奉」。 按上文源賀傳、卷四０陸麗傳都說「奉迎高宗」。 這裏「表」字當是「奉」之訛。
Your subject's deceased father, my late father He, together with Zhangsun Kehou, Lu Li, and others, welcomed Emperor Wencheng. Beishi, scroll 28, reads feng for biao. Comment: The Yuan He biography above and scroll 40, Biography of Lu Li, both say "respectfully welcomed Emperor Wencheng." Here biao should be a corruption of feng.
57
麗息叡狀秘書諸本「秘」作「私」，北史卷二八作「秘」。 按「狀私書」不可通。 秘書省掌修史，藏有文書檔案，當是陸叡上狀秘書省，請查核其父所謂「功績」。 這次源懷上表論「功」，下文詔書也說「訪之史官，頗亦言此」。 可知這類前朝臣僚事跡例由秘書所屬史官查核。 「私」乃「秘」字形訛，今據改。
Li's son Rui submitted a memorial to the Secretariat. All editions read si for mi; Beishi, scroll 28, reads mi. Comment: "memorial to the private secretariat" makes no sense. The secretariat oversaw historiography and kept the archives; Lu Rui must have submitted a memorial to the secretariat asking it to verify his father's claimed "merits." On this occasion Yuan Huai memorialized on "merit," and the edict below likewise says, "When the historiographers were consulted, they too largely confirmed it." This shows that the deeds of former officials were routinely checked by the historiographers under the secretariat. Si is a graphic corruption of mi; emended accordingly.
58
麗以父功而獲河山之賞按「麗」乃「叡」之誤，觀上文自見。
Li received the reward of rivers and mountains for his father's merit. Comment: Li is an error for Rui, as the passage above makes clear.
59
可依比授馮翊郡開國公邑百戶北史卷二八「百」上有「九」字。 按公的封戶百戶太少，當脫「九」字。
May be granted by parallel precedent the duke of Fengyi chief district with a fief of one hundred households. Beishi, scroll 28, has jiu before bai. Comment: a fief of one hundred households is too small for a duke; jiu must have dropped out.
60
子紹襲景明初詔復王爵張森楷云：「按懷以正始三年卒，再傳而至紹，不得在景明初也。」 按「景明」年號在「正始」前，哪有源懷未死，爵已傳襲到曾孫之理。 據卷一０孝莊紀建義元年四月稱：「馮翊郡開國公源紹景復先爵隴西王。」 「紹景」即「紹」，傳雙名單稱。 這裏「景明」二字顯誤。
Zishao inherited the edict restoring princely rank in the early Jingming era. Zhang Senkai notes: "Comment: Huai died in the third year of Zhengshi; two generations later, Shao could not have inherited in the early Jingming era. The Jingming reign precedes Zhengshi—how could the title have passed to a great-grandson while Yuan Huai was still alive? According to scroll 10, Annals of Emperor Xiaozhuang, fourth month of the first year of Jianyi: "Yuan Shao Jing, duke of Fengyi chief district, restored the former title of prince of Longxi." Shaojing" means Shao—the biography abbreviates his double name. The reference to the Jingming era here is clearly mistaken.
61
苟逼同行諸本「同」訛「固」，今據冊府卷四二八 〈五０九九頁〉 改。
If forced to travel together: all editions misread tong (together) as gu (firm); emended according to Cefu, scroll 428 〈page 5099〉 —emended accordingly.
62
假蕭衍昏狂諸本「昏」訛「皆」，今據冊府卷四七二 〈五六三四頁〉 改。
Even if Xiao Yan were muddled and mad: all editions misread hun (muddled) as jie (all); emended according to Cefu, scroll 472 〈page 5634〉 —emended accordingly.
63
河州羌却鐵怱反諸本「怱」作「忽」，北史卷二八源子恭傳作「怱」。 按卷九肅宗紀神龜元年七月、卷四二寇讚附寇治傳都作「怱」。 「忽」字訛，今據改。 參卷二七校記[六]。
The Hezhou Qiang leader Que Tiecong rebelled. Most editions read cong as hu; the History of the Northern Dynasties, scroll 28, Biography of Yuan Zigong, has cong. Scroll 9 (Annals of Emperor Suzong, Shengui 1.7) and scroll 42 (Biography of Kou Zan, with Kou Zhi appended) all have cong. Hu is a corruption; emended accordingly. See collation note 6 to scroll 27.
64
侍中領軍臣叉總動作官諸本「總」作「物」，冊府卷五八三 〈六九八二頁〉 作「總勤」。 李慈銘云：「『物』當是『總』字之誤。 因隸俗書『總』作『惣』，遂誤作『物』。」 按「總動」「總勤」不知孰是，「物」字據冊府及李說改作「總」。
Attendant-in-ordinary and commander of the guard Chen Cha supervised the work officers. All editions read zong (supervise) as wu (object); Cefu, scroll 583 〈page 6982〉 reads zong qin (supervise diligently). Li Ciming said, "Wu must be an error for zong (supervise). In clerical and vulgar script zong was written as a variant form, which was then misread as wu." Whether zong dong or zong qin is correct is uncertain; wu is emended to zong on the authority of Cefu and Li Ciming.
65
以子恭為當郡別將百衲本、汲本「當」字下空一格，南、北、殿、局四本「當」下注「闕」字。 按「當郡別將」可通，似無脫文，今不空格，刪「闕」字。
Zigong was made acting separate commander of the commandery. The patchwork and Ji editions leave a blank after dang (acting); four other editions mark que (missing) there. Dang jun bie jiang (acting separate commander of the commandery) makes sense; no blank is inserted and the que (missing) note is removed.
66
元象元年李慈銘、張森楷並云此句下當脫「卒」字。
First year of Yuanxiang. Li Ciming and Zhang Senkai both hold that the word zu (died) has dropped out after this line.