1
鄭羲崔辯
Zheng Xi and Cui Bian
2
鄭羲，字幼驎，滎陽開封人，魏將作大匠渾之八世孫也。 曾祖豁，慕容垂太常卿。 父曄，不仕，娶于長樂潘氏，生六子，粗有志氣，而羲第六，文學為優。 弱冠舉秀才，尚書李孝伯以女妻之。 高宗末，拜中書博士。
Zheng Xi, courtesy name Youlin, came from Kaifeng in Xingyang. He was the eighth-generation descendant of Hun, who had served as Director of Palace Construction under the state of Wei. His great-grandfather Huo had been Grand Master of Ceremonies under Murong Chui of Former Yan. His father Ye never held office. He married into the Pan clan of Changle and fathered six sons, all men of some spirit. Xi was the sixth of them and excelled in literary learning. When he came of age he was recommended as a xiucai candidate, and Li Xiaobo of the Masters of Writing gave him his daughter in marriage. Near the end of Emperor Gaozong's reign he was appointed Erudite of the Secretariat.
3
天安初，劉彧司州刺史常珍奇據汝南來降，顯祖詔殿中尚書元石為都將赴之，并招慰淮汝，遣羲參石軍事。 到上蔡，珍奇率文武三百人來迎，既相見，議欲頓軍於汝北，未即入城。 羲謂石曰：「機事尚速，今珍奇雖來，意未可量，不如直入其城，奪其管籥，據有府庫，雖出其非意，要以全制為勝。」 石從羲言，遂策馬徑入其城。 城中尚有珍奇親兵數百人，在珍奇宅內。 石既克城，意益驕怠，置酒嬉戲，無警防之虞。 羲謂石曰：「觀珍奇甚有不平之色，可嚴兵設備，以待非常。」 其夜，珍奇果使人燒府廂屋，欲因救火作難，以石有備，乃止。 明旦，羲齎白虎幡慰郭邑，眾心乃定。
Early in the Tian'an era, Chang Zhenqi, Liu Yu's inspector of Sizhou, held Runan and defected to the north. Emperor Xianzu appointed Yuan Shi of the Palace Secretariat supreme commander to accept him and to pacify the Huai and Ru regions, and dispatched Xi to serve on Shi's staff. When they reached Shangcai, Zhenqi came out with three hundred civil and military officials to welcome them. After the meeting the commanders debated halting the army north of the Ru rather than entering the city immediately. Xi told Shi, "In matters of opportunity, speed is everything. Zhenqi may have come over, but his intentions are still uncertain. Better to ride straight into the city, seize the keys of office, and take the treasuries. It may catch him off guard, but full control is how we win." Shi took his advice and spurred his horse straight through the gates. Several hundred of Zhenqi's personal troops were still quartered in his residence inside the city. Once the city was his, Shi grew arrogant and careless. He set out wine and amused himself, giving no thought to security. Xi warned Shi, "Zhenqi looks deeply discontent. You should keep the troops on alert and post guards against any surprise." That night Zhenqi did send men to set fire to the government outbuildings, hoping to stage a revolt under cover of the blaze. Because Shi was prepared, the plot came to nothing. The next morning Xi toured the outer districts bearing the white-tiger banner of reassurance, and the people's minds were calmed.
4
明年春，又引軍東討汝陰。 劉彧汝陰太守張超城守不下，石率精銳攻之，不克，遂退至陳項，議欲還軍長社，待秋擊之。 諸將心樂早還，咸稱善計。 羲曰：「今張超驅市人，負擔石，[1]蟻聚窮城，命不延月，宜安心守之。 超食已盡，不降當走，可翹足而待，成擒物也。 而欲棄還長社，道塗懸遠，超必修城深壍，多積薪穀，將來恐難圖矣。」 石不納，遂旋師長社。 至冬，復往攻超，超果設備，無功而還。 歷年，超死，楊文長代戍，食盡城潰，乃克之，竟如羲策。 淮北平，遷中書侍郎。
The following spring the army marched east again to attack Ruyin. Zhang Chao, Liu Yu's administrator of Ruyin, held the city and could not be dislodged. Shi led elite troops against him but failed, then fell back to Chenxiang. The commanders debated withdrawing to Changshe and waiting until autumn to renew the attack. The generals were eager to get home and all praised the plan. Xi objected: "Zhang Chao has only market folk shouldering stones, [1] packed like ants into a doomed city. He cannot last a month. We should sit tight and wait him out. When his grain runs out he will either surrender or flee. We can sit with folded legs and take him at leisure—it is a prize already as good as won. If we pull back to Changshe now, the march is long and Chao will surely repair his walls, deepen his moats, and stockpile fuel and grain. When we return he will be far harder to take." Shi would not listen and marched back to Changshe. That winter they attacked Chao again. He had fortified as Xi had predicted, and the expedition came to nothing. Years later Chao died. Yang Wenchang took over the garrison. When supplies ran out the city fell apart and the northerners took it—just as Xi had foreseen. After the Huai region was pacified he was promoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat.
5
延興初，陽武人田智度，年十五，妖惑動眾，擾亂京索。 以羲河南民望，為州郡所信，遣羲乘傳慰諭。 羲到，宣示禍福，重加募賞，旬日之間，眾皆歸散。 智度奔潁川，尋見擒斬。 以功賜爵平昌男，加鷹揚將軍。
Early in the Yanxing era, a fifteen-year-old named Tian Zhidu of Yangwu used sorcery to rouse a following and threw the capital region into turmoil. Because Xi enjoyed the people's trust throughout Henan and was respected by local officials, the court sent him by fast carriage to reassure the populace. When Xi arrived he explained the consequences of rebellion and offered generous rewards for those who stood down. Within ten days the crowd had scattered. Zhidu fled to Yingchuan and was soon captured and executed. For this service he was ennobled as Baron of Pingchang and given the additional rank of General Who Rouses the Hawks.
6
高祖初，兼員外散騎常侍，假寧朔將軍、陽武子，使於劉準。 中山王叡，[2]寵幸當世，並置王官，羲為其傅。 是後歷年不轉，資產亦乏，因請假歸，遂磐桓不返。 及李沖貴寵，與羲姻好，乃就家徵為中書令。 文明太后為父燕宣王立廟於長安，初成，以羲兼太常卿，假滎陽侯，具官屬，詣長安拜廟，刊石建碑於廟門。 還，以使功，仍賜侯爵，加給事中。 出為安東將軍、西兗州刺史，假南陽公。 羲多所受納，政以賄成。 性又嗇吝，民有禮餉者，皆不與杯酒臠肉，西門受羊酒，東門酤賣之。 以李沖之親，法官不之糾也。 酸棗令鄭伯孫、鄄城令童騰、別駕賈德、治中申靈度，並在任廉貞，勤恤百姓，羲皆申表稱薦，時論多之。 文明太后為高祖納其女為嬪，徵為祕書監。
Early in Emperor Gaozu's reign he served concurrently as supernumerary Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, with acting rank as General Who Pacifies the North and Viscount of Yangwu, and was sent on embassy to Liu Zhun of the south. Prince Rui of Zhongshan [2] was the favorite of his day and maintained a full princely household; Xi became his tutor. For years afterward he received no promotion and his means grew thin. He asked leave to return home and then simply stayed away. When Li Chong rose to power and favor—he was related to Xi by marriage—the court summoned Xi from his home to serve as Director of the Secretariat. Empress Dowager Wenming had built a temple at Chang'an for her father, Prince Xuan of Yan. When it was finished she appointed Xi concurrent Grand Master of Ceremonies, with acting rank as Marquis of Xingyang and a full staff, to travel to Chang'an for the dedication and to carve and set up a stele at the gate. On his return his embassy was rewarded with a permanent marquisate and the additional post of Attendant Within the Yellow Gates. He was sent out as General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Western Yanzhou, with acting rank as Duke of Nanyang. Xi accepted bribes freely and ran his administration through graft. He was miserly as well. When commoners brought him gifts of courtesy he would not offer them so much as a cup of wine or a slice of meat. He accepted sheep and wine at the west gate and sold them out the east. Because of his connection to Li Chong, the judicial authorities never called him to account. The magistrates Zheng Bosun of Suanzao and Tong Teng of Juancheng, the vice-prefect Jia De, and the chief clerk Shen Lingdu all served with integrity and cared diligently for the people. Xi memorialized recommending each of them, and public opinion commended him for it. When Empress Dowager Wenming took his daughter as a consort for Emperor Gaozu, Xi was recalled to serve as Director of the Palace Library.
7
太和十六年卒，贈帛五百匹。 尚書奏諡曰宣，詔曰：「蓋棺定諡，先典成式，激揚清濁，治道明範。 故何曾幼孝，良史不改『繆醜』之名； 賈充寵晉，直士猶立『荒公』之稱。 羲雖宿有文業，而治闕廉清。 稽古之効，未光於朝策； 昧貨之談，已形於民聽。 諡以善問，殊乖其衷。 又前歲之選，匪由備行充舉，自荷後任，勳績未昭。 尚書何乃情遺至公，愆違明典！ 依諡法：博聞多見曰『文』，不勤成名曰『靈』。 可贈以本官，加諡文靈。」
He died in the sixteenth year of Taihe (492). The court granted five hundred bolts of silk for his funeral. The Masters of Writing proposed the posthumous name Xuan ("Splendid"). The emperor replied in an edict: "Fixing the posthumous name when the coffin is closed is the established rule of antiquity, meant to exalt the worthy and condemn the base—a clear standard for governance. He Zeng was filial from childhood, yet honest historians did not change his name to anything but Miu Chou—"Deceptive and Ugly"; Jia Chong was the favorite of Jin, yet upright scholars still gave him the title Duke Huang—"Reckless." Xi had long been known for literary accomplishment, but in office he lacked integrity. His scholarship never translated into enlightened court policy; and talk of his greed had already reached the people's ears. To give him a flattering posthumous name would be wholly contrary to the facts. Moreover, his recent appointment was not based on fully qualified merit, and since taking higher office he had shown no distinguished service. How could the Masters of Writing, out of personal feeling, abandon fairness and violate the clear statutes! By the rules of posthumous naming: broad learning and wide knowledge warrant Wen—"Cultivated"; achieving a reputation without real effort warrants Ling—"Unworthy." Grant him his former rank and add the posthumous name Wen Ling—"Cultivated yet Unworthy."
8
長子懿，字景伯。 涉歷經史，善當世事。 解褐中散，尚書郎，稍遷驃騎長史、尚書吏部郎、太子中庶子，襲爵滎陽伯。 懿閑雅有治才，為高祖所器遇，拜長兼給事黃門侍郎、司徒左長史。 世宗初，以從弟思和同咸陽王禧之逆，與弟通直常侍道昭俱坐緦親出禁。 拜太常少卿，加冠軍將軍，出為征虜將軍、齊州刺史，尋進號平東將軍。 懿好勸課，善斷決，雖不潔清，義然後取，百姓猶思之。 永平三年卒。 贈本將軍、兗州刺史，諡曰穆。
His eldest son Yi, courtesy name Jingbo, was versed in the classics and histories and adept at the affairs of his day. He entered service as Palace Attendant and Master of Writing, then rose through Chief Clerk of the Rapid Cavalry, Director of the Personnel Section, and Vice Director of the Crown Prince's Household, inheriting the barony of Xingyang. Refined and capable in administration, Yi won Emperor Gaozu's favor and was appointed Senior Concurrent Attendant Within the Yellow Gates and Chief Clerk of the Left under the Minister of State. Early in Emperor Shizong's reign, because his cousin Sikong was implicated in Prince Xi's rebellion, Yi and his younger brother Daozhao, Direct Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, were both punished as distant kin and dismissed from office. He was later appointed Vice Director of the Grand Master of Ceremonies with the additional rank of Champion General, then sent out as General Who Punishes the Barbarians and inspector of Qizhou, soon promoted to General Who Pacifies the East. Yi encouraged agriculture and judged cases well. Though not spotlessly honest, he took only what he could justify, and the people still remembered him with affection. He died in the third year of Yongping (510). He was posthumously granted his former general's rank and the post of inspector of Yanzhou, with the posthumous name Mu—"Solemn."
9
子恭業，襲爵。 武定三年，坐與房子遠謀逆，伏誅。
His son Gongye inherited the title. In the third year of Wuding (545) he was executed for plotting rebellion with Fang Ziyuan.
10
懿弟道昭，字僖伯。 少而好學，綜覽羣言。 初為中書學生，遷祕書郎，拜主文中散，徙員外散騎侍郎、祕書丞、兼中書侍郎。
Yi's younger brother Daozhao, courtesy name Xibo, loved learning from youth and read widely across the schools of thought. He began as a student of the Secretariat, then served as Secretary of the Palace Library, Chief Palace Attendant for Drafting, Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary Outside the Regular Establishment, Secretary of the Palace Library, and Concurrent Vice Director of the Secretariat.
11
從征沔漢，高祖饗侍臣於懸瓠方丈竹堂，道昭與兄懿俱侍坐焉。 樂作酒酣，高祖乃歌曰：「白日光天無不曜，江左一隅獨未照。」 彭城王勰續歌曰：「願從聖明兮登衡會，萬國馳誠混江外。」 鄭懿歌曰：「雲雷大振兮天門闢，率土來賓一正歷。」 邢巒歌曰：「舜舞干戚兮天下歸，文德遠被莫不思。」 道昭歌曰：「皇風一鼓兮九地匝，戴日依天清六合。」 高祖又歌曰：「遵彼汝墳兮昔化貞，未若今日道風明。」 宋弁歌曰：「文王政教兮暉江沼，寧如大化光四表。」 高祖謂道昭曰：「自比遷務雖猥，與諸才儁不廢詠綴，遂命邢巒總集敍記。 當爾之年，卿頻丁艱禍，每眷文席，常用慨然。」 尋正除中書郎，轉通直散騎常侍。 北海王詳為司徒，以道昭與琅邪王秉為諮議參軍。
On the campaign against the Mian and Han regions, Emperor Gaozu feasted his ministers in the square-zhanger bamboo hall at Xuanhuo. Daozhao and his brother Yi were both in attendance. As the music played and the wine flowed, Emperor Gaozu sang: "The white sun fills the sky and leaves nothing unlit—yet one corner south of the Yangtze still lies in shadow." Prince Xie of Pengcheng took up the verse: "May we follow the sage brilliance to the great assembly, and all lands beyond the river rush to join in loyalty." Zheng Yi sang: "Cloud and thunder shake the heavens—the celestial gate opens wide; all within the realm come as guests to one true calendar." Xing Luan sang: "Shun danced with shield and axe and the realm submitted; civil virtue spreads afar and none fail to ponder it." Daozhao sang: "One beat of the imperial wind circles the nine regions; bearing the sun and leaning on heaven, the six directions are made clear." Emperor Gaozu sang again: "Along the banks of the Ru the ancients taught steadfast virtue—yet nothing matches the brightness of the Way's wind today." Song Bian sang: "King Wen's governance shone on the river marshes—how can it compare to the great transformation that illuminates the four quarters?" Emperor Gaozu told Daozhao, "Since moving the capital my duties have been overwhelming, yet with you talented men I have never stopped composing verse. I have ordered Xing Luan to compile a record of it all. In those years you suffered repeated bereavements. Whenever I thought of our literary gatherings I was deeply moved." Soon afterward he was appointed full Master of Writing of the Secretariat, then transferred to Direct Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary. When Prince Xiang of Beihai became Minister of State, he appointed Daozhao and Prince Bing of Langye as his advisory staff officers.
12
遷國子祭酒，道昭表曰：「臣竊以為：崇治之道，必也須才； 養才之要，莫先於學。 今國子學堂房粗置，弦誦闕爾。 城南太學，漢魏石經，丘墟殘毀，藜藋蕪穢，遊兒牧豎，為之歎息，有情之輩，實亦悼心，況臣親司，而不言露。 伏願天慈回神紆盻，賜垂鑒察。 若臣微意，萬一合允，求重敕尚書、門下，考論營制之模，則五雍可翹立而興，毀銘可不日而就。 樹舊經於帝京，播茂範於不朽。 斯有天下者之美業也。」 不從。
He was appointed Chancellor of the National University. Daozhao memorialized: "Your servant ventures to believe that the path to exalted governance necessarily requires talent; and the essential of nurturing talent is nothing before learning. Today the halls of the National University are only roughly in place, and the sound of study has fallen silent. South of the city the Imperial University and the Han and Wei stone classics lie in ruins, choked with weeds. Even wandering boys and herdboys sigh at the sight; men of feeling are heartsick. How much more should your servant, who holds this office, fail to speak? I humbly pray that Your Majesty will turn a gracious eye and grant your inspection. If my humble proposal should meet with approval, I ask that Your Majesty again command the Masters of Writing and the Chancellery to plan the models for reconstruction. Then the Five Yong could rise again at once, and the ruined steles could be restored within days. To plant the ancient classics in the imperial capital and spread a lasting model of excellence— this is the supreme achievement of one who holds the realm." The court did not adopt his proposal.
13
廣平王懷為司州牧，以道昭與宗正卿元匡為州都。 道昭又表曰：「臣聞唐虞啟運，以文德為本； 殷周致治，以道藝為先。 然則，禮樂者為國之基，不可斯須廢也。 是故周敷文教，四海宅心； 魯秉周禮，強齊歸義。 及至戰國紛紜，干戈遞用，五籍灰焚，羣儒坑殄，賊仁義之經，貴戰爭之術，遂使天下分崩，黔黎荼炭，數十年間，民無聊生者，斯之由矣。 爰暨漢祖，於行陳之中，尚優引叔孫通等。 光武中興於撥亂之際，乃使鄭眾、范升校書東觀。 降逮魏晉，何嘗不殷勤於篇籍，篤學於戎伍。 伏惟大魏之興也，雖羣凶未殄，戎馬在郊，然猶招集英儒，廣開學校，用能闡道義於八荒，布盛德於萬國，教靡不懷，風無不偃。 今者乘休平之基，開無疆之祚，定鼎伊瀍，惟新寶曆，九服感至德之和，四垠懷擊壤之慶。 而蠢爾閩吳，阻化江湫，先帝爰震武怒，戎車不息。 而停鑾佇蹕，留心典墳，命故御史中尉臣李彪與吏部尚書、任城王澄等妙選英儒，以崇文教。 澄等依旨，置四門博士四十人，其國子博士、太學博士及國子助教，宿已簡置。 伏尋先旨，意在速就，但軍國多事，未遑營立。 自爾迄今，垂將一紀，學官凋落，四術寢廢。 遂使碩儒耆德，卷經而不談； 俗學後生，遺本而逐末。 進競之風，實由於此矣。 伏惟陛下欽明文思，玄鑒洞遠。 越會未款，務修道以來之； 遐方後服，敷文教而懷之。 垂心經素，優柔墳籍。 將使化越軒唐，德隆虞夏。 是故屢發中旨，敦營學館，房宇既修，生徒未立。 臣學陋全經，識蔽篆素，然往年刪定律令，謬預議筵。 謹依準前修，尋訪舊事，參定學令，事訖封呈。 自爾迄今，未蒙報判。 但廢學歷年，經術淹滯。 請學令并制，早敕施行，使選授有依，生徒可準。」 詔曰：「具卿崇儒敦學之意，良不可言。 新令尋班，施行無遠，可謂職思其憂，無曠官矣。」
When Prince Huai of Guangping became governor of Sizhou, he appointed Daozhao and Yuan Kuang, Director of the Imperial Clan, as his provincial staff commanders. Daozhao memorialized again: "Your servant has heard that when Tang and Yu inaugurated their rule, they took civil virtue as their foundation; and that Yin and Zhou achieved good government by putting the Way and the arts first. Thus rites and music are the foundation of the state and cannot be abandoned even for a moment. When Zhou spread civil teaching, the four seas gave their hearts to the throne; when Lu upheld the Zhou rites, even mighty Qi submitted in righteousness. But when the Warring States erupted in chaos, arms followed arms in succession. The Five Classics were burned to ash and the scholars were buried alive. Men treated the scriptures of benevolence and righteousness as enemies and prized the arts of war. The realm split apart and the common people suffered bitterly; for decades the people had no way to live—and this was why. Even Han's founder, amid the marching columns of war, still favored and drew in Shusun Tong and others. Emperor Guangwu, restoring order amid chaos, had Zheng Zhong and Fan Sheng collate books at the Eastern Pavilion. Down through Wei and Jin, which ruler did not diligently cherish the written heritage and study earnestly even in the military camps? I humbly consider the rise of Great Wei: though many enemies were not yet destroyed and war-horses stood at the suburbs, the court still gathered eminent scholars and broadly opened schools, and thereby was able to spread the Way and righteousness through the eight directions, broadcast flourishing virtue to all lands—none whom teaching did not win over, no region where the transforming wind did not bend. Today, building on an era of peace and opening boundless fortune, the dynasty has fixed the capital at Yi and Luo and renewed the sacred calendar. The nine domains feel the harmony of supreme virtue, and the four quarters share the joy of a flourishing age. Yet foolish Min and Wu still resist civilization at the river's edge. The late emperor roused martial wrath, and the war-chariots have not ceased. Yet he halted the imperial progress and turned his heart to the classics, ordering the former Censor-in-Chief Li Biao, the Minister of the Masters of Writing Prince Cheng of Rencheng, and others to select eminent scholars and elevate civil learning. Cheng and his colleagues obeyed and appointed forty Erudites of the Four Gates; the National University erudites, Imperial University erudites, and assistants had already been chosen. I recall that the original intent was swift completion, but military and state affairs left no leisure to build. From then until now nearly twelve years have passed. The schools have decayed and the four arts lie abandoned. Great scholars and venerable elders now roll up their classics and fall silent; while vulgar students abandon the root and chase the branch. The fever of scrambling for advancement truly stems from this. Your Majesty reveres bright culture and reflection, with insight penetrating to the farthest reaches. Though Yue and Kuai have not yet submitted in good faith, you devote yourself to cultivating the Way to draw them in; for distant lands and late submitters you spread civil teaching and win their hearts. You bend your heart to the classics and treat the canonical texts with gentle devotion. You will make civilization surpass the age of Xuanyuan and Tang and virtue tower above Yu and Xia. Therefore you have repeatedly issued edicts earnestly building the schools. The halls are repaired, yet the students are not yet enrolled. Your servant's learning is shallow and my understanding of the classics incomplete. Yet in former years, when laws and statutes were revised, I was admitted to the deliberation council. I followed the former regulations, sought out old precedents, and helped draft the school statutes, which I sealed and presented when finished. From then until now I have received no reply. Yet learning has been abandoned for years and classical studies stagnate. I ask that the school statutes and regulations be commanded for early promulgation, so that appointments have a basis and students a standard." An edict replied: "Your intent to exalt Confucianism and encourage learning truly cannot be expressed in words. The new statutes will soon be promulgated and put into effect without delay. This is truly attending to one's duties with care—no neglect of office."
14
道昭又表曰：「竊惟鼎遷中縣，年將一紀，縉紳褫業，俎豆闕聞，遂使濟濟明朝，無觀風之美，非所以光國宣風，納民軌義。 臣自往年以來，頻請學令，並置生員，前後累上，未蒙一報，故當以臣識淺濫官，無能有所感悟者也。 館宇既修，生房粗構，博士見員，足可講習。 雖新令未班，請依舊權置國子學生，漸開訓業，使播教有章，儒風不墜，後生覩徙義之機，學徒崇知新之益。 至若孔廟既成，釋奠告始，揖讓之容，請俟令出。」 不報。
Daozhao memorialized again: "Your servant ventures to consider: since the capital moved to the central region, nearly twelve years have passed. The gentry have lost their occupations and ritual has fallen silent. The abundant morning court lacks the beauty of observing the people's customs—this is not how to glorify the state, spread transforming influence, and bring the people into the paths of righteousness. Your servant has repeatedly requested school statutes and the enrollment of students, submitting memorial after memorial without a single reply. Perhaps my knowledge is shallow, my office undeserved, and I am incapable of inspiring any response. The halls are repaired, student quarters roughly built, and the erudites on staff are sufficient for instruction. Though the new statutes are not yet promulgated, I ask that National University students be provisionally enrolled by former authority, gradually opening instruction so that teaching has order, Confucian learning does not fall, later students see the path toward righteousness, and learners honor the benefit of new knowledge. As for the Confucian temple now completed and the libation sacrifice about to begin, the ceremonial forms of bowing and yielding should wait until the statutes are issued. No reply was given.
15
遷祕書監、滎陽邑中正。 出為平東將軍、光州刺史，轉青州刺史，將軍如故。 復入為祕書監，加平南將軍。 熙平元年卒，贈鎮北將軍、相州刺史，諡曰文恭。
He was transferred to Director of the Palace Library and Rectifier of Xingyang district. He was sent out as General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Guangzhou, then transferred to inspector of Qingzhou, retaining his general's rank. He returned to serve as Director of the Palace Library with the additional rank of General Who Pacifies the South. He died in the first year of Xiping (516). He was posthumously granted General Who Guards the North and the post of inspector of Xiangzhou, with the posthumous name Wengong—"Cultivated and Reverent."
16
道昭好為詩賦，凡數十篇。 其在二州，政務寬厚，不任威刑，為吏民所愛。
Daozhao loved to compose poetry and fu; he left several dozen pieces. In both provinces his administration was generous and mild; he did not rely on harsh punishments, and officials and commoners loved him.
17
子嚴祖，頗有風儀，粗觀文史。 歷通直郎、通直常侍。 輕躁薄行，不修士業，傾側勢家，乾沒榮利，閨門穢亂，聲滿天下。 出帝時，御史中尉綦儁劾嚴祖與宗氏從姊姦通。 人士咸耻言之，而嚴祖聊無愧色。 孝靜初，除驃騎將軍、左光祿大夫、鴻臚卿。 出為北豫州刺史，仍本將軍。 罷州還，除鴻臚卿。 卒，贈都督豫兗潁三州諸軍事、□□將軍、司空公、豫州刺史。
His son Yanzu had considerable bearing and a rough acquaintance with letters and histories. He served as Direct Attendant and Direct Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary. He was frivolous and rash, neglecting the scholar's calling, currying favor with powerful families and seizing profit by crooked means. His household was foul and disorderly, and his reputation filled the realm. During the reign of Emperor Chu, Censor-in-Chief Qi Jun impeached Yanzu for adultery with a paternal cousin of the Zong clan. Men of standing were ashamed to speak of it, yet Yanzu showed hardly a trace of shame. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he was appointed General of Rapid Cavalry, Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, and Director of the Court for Dependencies. He was sent out as inspector of Northern Yuzhou, retaining his former general's rank. When he left his province and returned, he was appointed Director of the Court for Dependencies. When he died he was posthumously granted command over military affairs of Yu, Yan, and Ying provinces, the rank of [missing] General, Duke of the Ministry of Works, and inspector of Yuzhou.
18
嚴祖弟敬祖，性亦粗疏。 起家著作佐郎。 鄭儼之敗也，為鄉人所害。
Yanzu's younger brother Jingzu was also coarse and careless by nature. He began his career as Assistant Gentleman of the Palace Library. When Zheng Yan was defeated, he was killed by men of his home district.
19
敬祖弟述祖，武定中，尚書。
Jingzu's younger brother Shuzu served as Master of Writing during the Wuding era.
20
述祖弟遵祖，祕書郎。 卒，贈輔國將軍、光州刺史。
Shuzu's younger brother Zunzu was Secretary of the Palace Library. When he died he was posthumously granted General Who Assists the State and the post of inspector of Guangzhou.
21
遵祖弟順，[3]卒於太常丞。
Zunzu's younger brother Shun [3] died while serving as Assistant Director of the Grand Master of Ceremonies.
22
自靈太后預政，淫風稍行，及元叉擅權，公為姦穢。 自此素族名家，遂多亂雜，法官不加糾治，婚宦無貶於世，有識咸以歎息矣。
From the time Empress Dowager Ling took part in government, licentious ways gradually spread. When Yuan Cha monopolized power, public conduct became foul and corrupt. From this the great families of good standing fell into disorder. Law officers did not investigate, and marriage and office carried no stigma in the world. Men of insight all sighed over it.
23
羲五兄：長白驎，次小白，次洞林，次叔夜，次連山。 並恃豪門，多行無禮，鄉黨之內，疾之若讎。
Xi had five elder brothers: the eldest Bailin, then Xiaobai, Donglin, Shuye, and Lianshan. All relied on their powerful house and often acted without propriety. Within their home districts they were hated like enemies.
24
白驎孫道慓，隨郡太守。
Bailin's grandson Daosao was administrator of Suijun.
25
小白，中書博士。
Xiaobai was Erudite of the Secretariat.
26
子胤伯，有當世器幹。 自中書博士遷侍郎，轉司空長史。 高祖納其女為嬪。 出為建威將軍、東徐州刺史，轉廣陵王征東府長史，帶齊郡內史。 卒於鴻臚少卿，諡曰簡。
His son Yinbo had talent and capacity fit for his age. From Erudite of the Secretariat he was promoted to Attendant, then Chief Clerk of the Minister of Works. Emperor Gaozu took his daughter as a consort. He was sent out as General Who Establishes Might and inspector of Eastern Xuzhou, then transferred to Chief Clerk of Prince of Guangling's Eastern Campaign Headquarters, concurrently serving as Internal Administrator of Qi Commandery. He died while serving as Vice Director of the Court for Dependencies, with the posthumous name Jian—"Simple."
27
子希儁，未官而亡。 子道育，武定中，開封太守。
His son Xijun died before taking office. His son Daoyu was administrator of Kaifeng during the Wuding era.
28
希儁弟幼儒，好學修謹，時望甚優。 丞相、高陽王雍以女妻之。 歷尚書郎、通直郎、司州別駕，有當官之稱。 卒，贈散騎常侍、安東將軍、兗州刺史，諡景。 幼儒亡後，妻淫蕩兇悖，肆行無禮。 子敬道、敬德，並亦不才，俱走於關右。 幼儒從兄伯猷每謂所親曰：「從弟人才，足為令德，不幸得如此婦，今死復重死，可為悲嘆。」
Xijun's younger brother Youru loved learning and was cultivated and careful; his contemporary reputation was excellent. The Chancellor, Prince Yong of Gaoyang, gave him his daughter in marriage. He served as Master of Writing, Direct Attendant, and Vice-Prefect of Sizhou, earning a reputation for fulfilling his duties. When he died he was posthumously granted Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, General Who Pacifies the East, and inspector of Yanzhou, with the posthumous name Jing. After Youru's death his wife was licentious, violent, and rebellious, wantonly acting without propriety. His sons Jingdao and Jingde were both without talent and fled to the lands west of the passes. Youru's cousin Boyou often said to those close to him: "My cousin's talent was sufficient for fine virtue. Unfortunate to have gotten such a wife—now dead yet doubly dead. It is cause for grief."
29
胤伯弟平城，太尉諮議。 廣陵王羽納其女為妃。 出為東平原太守。 性清狂使酒，為政貪殘。 卒，贈征虜將軍、南青州刺史。
Yinbo's younger brother Pingcheng was Advisory Staff Officer to the Grand Commandant. Prince Yu of Guangling took his daughter as consort. He was sent out as administrator of Eastern Pingyuan. By nature he was unrestrained and given to drink; in government he was greedy and cruel. When he died he was posthumously granted General Who Punishes the Barbarians and inspector of Southern Qingzhou.
30
長子伯猷，博學有文才，早知名。 舉司州秀才，以射策高第，除幽州平北府外兵參軍，轉太學博士，領殿中御史。 與當時名勝，咸申遊款。 肅宗釋奠，詔伯猷錄義。 安豐王延明之征徐州也，引為行臺郎中。 事寧還都，遷尚書外兵郎中，典起居注，以軍功賜爵陽武子。 稍遷散騎常侍、平東將軍。 前廢帝初，以舅氏超授征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫，領國子祭酒。 久之，為車騎將軍、右光祿大夫，轉護軍將軍。 元象初，以本官兼散騎常侍使於蕭衍。 前後使人，蕭衍令其侯王於馬射之日宴對申禮。 伯猷之行，衍令其領軍將軍臧盾與之相接。 議者以此貶之。 使還，除驃騎將軍、南青州刺史。 在州貪惏，妻安豐王元延明女，專為聚斂，貨賄公行，潤及親戚。 戶口逃散，邑落空虛。 乃誣良民，云欲反叛，籍其資財，盡以入己，誅其丈夫，婦女配沒。 百姓怨苦，聲聞四方。 為御史糾劾，死罪數十條，遇赦免，因以頓廢。 齊文襄王作相，每誡厲朝士，常以伯猷及崔叔仁為諭。 武定七年，除太常卿。 其年卒，年六十四。 贈驃騎大將軍、中書監、兗州刺史。
His eldest son Boyou was broadly learned and talented in letters, becoming famous early. He was recommended as xiucai of Sizhou and, through the policy examination with high rank, was appointed Outside Army Staff Officer of the Pacify-the-North Headquarters of Youzhou, then Erudite of the Imperial University and concurrent Palace Censor. He cultivated friendly relations with all the famous worthies of his day. When Emperor Suzong performed the libation sacrifice, he ordered Boyou to record the ritual meanings. When Prince Yanming of Anfeng campaigned against Xuzhou, he recruited Boyou as Bureau Director of the Mobile Headquarters. When the campaign ended he returned to the capital, was transferred to Outside Army Bureau Director of the Masters of Writing, supervised the Imperial Diary, and for military merit was ennobled as Viscount of Yangwu. He was gradually promoted to Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary and General Who Pacifies the East. Early in the Deposed Former Emperor's reign, through his maternal uncle's connection he was exceptionally granted General Who Campaigns East, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal, and concurrent Chancellor of the National University. After a long interval he served as General of the Chariots and Cavalry and Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, then was transferred to General Who Guards the Army. Early in the Yuanxiang era he served concurrently as Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary on embassy to Xiao Yan of Liang. Previous envoys had been received by Xiao Yan's marquises and princes at banquets on horse-archery days with full courtesy. On Boyou's mission, Yan had his Army Commander Zang Dun receive him instead. Commentators used this to demean him. When the embassy returned he was appointed General of Rapid Cavalry and inspector of Southern Qingzhou. In the province he was greedy and grasping. His wife was the daughter of Prince Yuan Yanming of Anfeng; she devoted herself to amassing wealth. Bribes were openly practiced and profit extended to their kin. Households fled and districts were left empty. He falsely accused good commoners of intending rebellion, seized their assets for himself, executed their husbands, and assigned the women to confiscation. The people's resentment was heard in all four directions. The censorate impeached him on dozens of capital offenses. He was spared by an amnesty but fell into sudden ruin. When Prince Wenxiang of Qi served as Chancellor, he often admonished court gentlemen, regularly citing Boyou and Cui Shuren as cautionary examples. In the seventh year of Wuding (549) he was appointed Grand Master of Ceremonies. That year he died, aged sixty-four. He was posthumously granted Grand General of Rapid Cavalry, Supervisor of the Secretariat, and inspector of Yanzhou.
31
伯猷弟仲衡，武定中，儀同開府中郎。
Boyou's younger brother Zhongheng served as Bureau Director of the Office Equal to the Three Excellencies during the Wuding era.
32
仲衡弟輯之，解褐奉朝請，領侍御史，以軍功賜爵城臯男。 稍遷黎陽太守。 屬元顥入洛，令其舅范遵鎮守滑臺，與輯之隔岸相對。 遵潛軍夜渡，規欲掩襲，輯之率厲城民，拒河擊之，遵遂遁走。 朝廷嘉之，除司州別駕。 尋轉司空長史，遷鎮南將軍、金紫光祿大夫。 孝靜初，除征南將軍、東濟北太守，帶肥城戍主，男如故。 天平四年卒，時年四十九。 贈都督北豫梁二州諸軍事、驃騎將軍、度支尚書、北豫州刺史。
Zhongheng's younger brother Jizhi, upon entering service, served as Court Gentleman for Attendance and concurrent Attending Censor, and for military merit was ennobled as Baron of Chenggao. He was gradually promoted to administrator of Liyang. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, he ordered his maternal uncle Fan Zun to guard Huatai, facing Jizhi across the river. Zun crossed by night intending a surprise attack. Jizhi rallied the townspeople, repelled them at the river, and Zun fled. The court commended him and appointed him Vice-Prefect of Sizhou. Soon he was transferred to Chief Clerk of the Minister of Works and promoted to General Who Guards the South and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal. Early in Emperor Xiaojing's reign he was appointed General Who Campaigns South and administrator of Eastern Jibei, concurrently Garrison Commander of Feicheng, retaining his baronage. He died in the fourth year of Tianping (537), aged forty-nine. He was posthumously granted command over military affairs of Northern Yu and Liang provinces, General of Rapid Cavalry, Minister of Revenue, and inspector of Northern Yuzhou.
33
輯之弟懷孝，武定中，司徒諮議。
Jizhi's younger brother Huaixiao served as Advisory Staff Officer to the Minister of State during the Wuding era.
34
洞林子敬叔，[4]司州都官從事、滎陽邑中正，濮陽太守。 坐貪穢除名。
Donglin's son Jingshu [4] served as Attendant of the Capital Punishments Section of Sizhou, Rectifier of Xingyang district, and administrator of Puyang. He was dismissed from office for greed and corruption.
35
子籍，字承宗。 徐州平東府長史。
His son Ji, courtesy name Chengzong, served as Chief Clerk of the Pacify-the-East Headquarters of Xuzhou.
36
籍弟瓊，字祖珍，有強幹之稱。 自太尉諮議為范陽太守，治頗有聲。 卒，贈太常少卿。 孝昌中，弟儼寵要，重贈安東將軍、青州刺史。 瓊兄弟雍睦，其諸娣姒亦咸相親愛，閨門之內有無相通，為時人所稱美。 子道邕，歿關西。 儼事在恩倖傳。
Ji's younger brother Qiong, courtesy name Zuzhen, had a reputation for strong capability. From Advisory Staff Officer to the Grand Commandant he became administrator of Fanyang, where his governance earned a good reputation. When he died he was posthumously granted Vice Director of the Grand Master of Ceremonies. In the Xiaochang era, because his younger brother Yan was favored and influential, he was again posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Qingzhou. The Qiong brothers were harmonious, and their sisters-in-law also loved one another. Within the household they shared freely without distinction, which men of the time praised. His son Daoyong died in the lands west of the passes. Yan's affairs are recorded in the Biographies of Favored Retainers.
37
敬叔弟士恭，燕郡太守。 孝昌中，因儼之勢，除衞尉少卿，尋遷左將軍、瀛州刺史。 時葛榮寇竊河北，州城淪陷，不獲之鎮。 尋除征北將軍、金紫光祿大夫，又遷衞將軍、右光祿大夫。 永熙中卒。 贈驃騎將軍、冀州刺史，重贈尚書左僕射，諡曰貞。
Jingshu's younger brother Shigong was administrator of Yancheng. In the Xiaochang era, through Yan's influence, he was appointed Vice Director of the Court for Dependencies, then transferred to Left General and inspector of Yingzhou. At that time Ge Rong raided Hebei; the provincial city fell and he could not take up his post. Soon he was appointed General Who Campaigns North and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal, then transferred to General of the Guards and Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. He died in the Yongxi era. He was posthumously granted General of Rapid Cavalry and inspector of Jizhou, and again posthumously granted Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, with the posthumous name Zhen—"Upright."
38
長子子貞，司空掾。 遷從事中郎、南兗州開府司馬。
His eldest son Zizhen was a clerk of the Minister of Works. He was transferred to Attendant, then Staff Officer of the Southern Yanzhou Headquarters.
39
子貞弟子湛，齊濟二州長史、光祿大夫。
Zizhen's nephew Zhan served as Chief Clerk of Qi and Ji provinces and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.
40
子湛弟昭伯，武定中，東平太守。
Zhan's younger brother Zhaobo was administrator of Dongping during the Wuding era.
41
昭伯弟子嘉，早卒。
Zhaobo's nephew Jia died young.
42
子大護，武定中，司空戶曹參軍。
Jia's son Dahu served as Household Staff Officer of the Minister of Works during the Wuding era.
43
叔夜子伯夏，司徒諮議、東萊太守。 卒，贈冠軍將軍、太常少卿、青州刺史。
Shuye's son Boxia was Advisory Staff Officer to the Minister of State and administrator of Donglai. When he died he was posthumously granted Champion General, Vice Director of the Grand Master of Ceremonies, and inspector of Qingzhou.
44
子忠，字周子。 右軍將軍、鎮遠將軍。 卒，贈平東將軍、徐州刺史。
His son Zhong, courtesy name Zhouzi, served as Right Army General and General Who Guards the Distance. When he died he was posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Xuzhou.
45
弟豪，長水校尉、東平原太守。
His younger brother Hao was Commandant of the Chang River and administrator of Eastern Pingyuan.
46
伯夏弟謹，字仲恭。 琅邪太守。
Boxia's younger brother Jin, courtesy name Zhonggong, was administrator of Langye.
47
子嵩賓，歷尚書郎、員外常侍，稍遷至左光祿大夫。 卒。
His son Songbin served as Master of Writing, Attendant Outside the Regular Establishment, and was gradually promoted to Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. He died.
48
連山，性嚴暴，撾撻僮僕，酷過人理。 父子一時為奴所害，斷首投馬槽下，乘馬北逝。 其第二子思明，驍勇善騎射，披髮率村義，馳騎追之，及於河。 奴乘馬投水，思明止將從不聽放矢，乃自射之，一發而中，落馬隨流，眾人擒執至家，臠而殺之。 思明及弟思和，並以武功自効。 思明至驍騎將軍、直閤將軍，坐弟思和同元禧逆徙邊。 會赦，卒於家。 後贈冠軍將軍、濟州刺史。
Lianshan was severe and violent by nature, beating servants beyond all human reason. Father and son were killed by their slaves, their heads cut off and thrown under the horse trough. The killers rode north and fled. His second son Siming was brave and skilled in horse-archery. With hair unbound he led village volunteers in pursuit and caught them at the river. The slave rode into the water. Siming stopped his followers from shooting and shot himself—one arrow struck home. The man fell from his horse and drifted with the current. They seized him, brought him home, and cut him to pieces. Siming and his younger brother Sihe both achieved merit through military skill. Siming rose to General of Rapid Cavalry and Direct Camp General. He was punished for his younger brother Sihe's involvement in Yuan Xi's rebellion and exiled to the frontier. He encountered an amnesty and died at home. Later he was posthumously granted Champion General and inspector of Jizhou.
49
子先護，少有武幹。 解褐員外郎，轉通直郎。 莊帝之居藩也，先護深自結託。 及尒朱榮稱兵向洛，靈太后令先護與鄭季明等固守河梁，先護聞莊帝即位於河北，遂開門納榮。 以功封平昌縣開國侯，邑七百戶。 轉通常侍，[5]加鎮北將軍。 尋除前將軍、廣州刺史、假平南將軍、當州都督。 時妖賊劉舉於濮陽起逆，詔先護以本官為東道都督討舉平之。 還鎮。 後元顥入洛，莊帝北巡，先護據州起義兵，不受顥命。 顥遣尚書令、臨淮王彧率眾討之，[6]先護出城拒戰。 莊帝還京，嘉其誠節，除使持節、散騎常侍、都督襄廣二州諸軍事、鎮南將軍，刺史如故，進爵郡公，增邑一千三百戶。 尋轉征西將軍、東雍州刺史、假車騎將軍、當州都督，常侍如故。 未之任，又轉都督二豫東雍三州諸軍事、征東將軍、豫州刺史，餘官如故。 又兼尚書右僕射、二豫郢潁四州行臺。 尋除車騎將軍、左衞將軍。 及尒朱榮死，徐州刺史尒朱仲遠擁兵向洛，前至東郡。 諸軍出討，不能制之。 乃詔先護以本官假驃騎將軍、大都督，領所部與行臺楊昱同討之。 莊帝又遣都督賀拔勝討仲遠，勝於陳降賊，戰士離心。 尋聞京師不守，先護部眾逃散，遂竄伏於南境。 前廢帝初，仲遠遣人招誘之，既出而害焉。 出帝時，贈持節、都督青齊濟兗四州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、青州刺史，開國如故。
His son Xianhu from youth had martial capacity. Upon leaving the russet he served as Attendant Outside the Regular Establishment and was transferred to Direct Attendant. When Emperor Zhuang was still in his princely residence, Xianhu deeply attached himself to him. When Erzhu Rong raised troops toward Luoyang, Empress Dowager Ling ordered Xianhu with Zheng Jiming and others to hold the River Bridge. Xianhu heard that Emperor Zhuang had been enthroned in Hebei and opened the gate to admit Rong. For his merit he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingchang district, with a fief of seven hundred households. He was transferred to Regular Attendant [5] and given the additional rank of General Who Guards the North. Soon he was appointed Forward General, inspector of Guangzhou, acting General Who Pacifies the South, and regional commander of the province. At that time the sorcerer-rebel Liu Ju rose in Puyang. An edict ordered Xianhu, in his former office, to serve as Eastern Route Commander to attack and pacify Ju. He returned to his garrison. Later Yuan Hao entered Luoyang; Emperor Zhuang toured the north, and Xianhu raised righteous troops in the province, refusing Hao's orders. Hao sent the Minister of the Masters of Writing, Prince Yu of Huai'nan, to lead troops against him. [6] Xianhu went out of the city to give battle. When Emperor Zhuang returned to the capital, he commended Xianhu's loyalty and appointed him Bearer of the Staff, Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, commander of military affairs of Xiang and Guang provinces, General Who Guards the South, inspector unchanged, promoted to Duke of the commandery with fief increased by 1,300 households. Soon he was transferred to General Who Campaigns West, inspector of Eastern Yongzhou, acting General of the Chariots and Cavalry, regional commander of the province, Attendant unchanged. Before taking up the post he was again transferred to commander of military affairs of Second Yu, Eastern Yong, and Yuzhou, other offices unchanged. He was also appointed Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Mobile Headquarters of Second Yu, Ying, and Ying provinces. Soon he was appointed General of the Chariots and Cavalry and Left General of the Guards. When Erzhu Rong died, Erzhu Zhongyuan of Xuzhou gathered troops toward Luoyang and advanced to Dongjun. The armies went out to attack but could not control him. An edict then ordered Xianhu, in his former office with acting rank as General of Rapid Cavalry and Supreme Commander, to lead his command with Mobile Headquarters Yang Yu to attack him. Emperor Zhuang also sent Regional Commander Heba Sheng to attack Zhongyuan. Sheng surrendered to the enemy at Chen and the warriors lost heart. Soon they heard the capital was lost. Xianhu's troops scattered and he hid in the southern marches. At the beginning of the Deposed Former Emperor's reign, Zhongyuan sent men to entice him; once he came out he was killed. In Emperor Chu's time he was posthumously granted Bearer of the Staff, commander of military affairs of Qing, Qi, Ji, and Yan provinces, Grand General of Rapid Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, inspector of Qingzhou, his marquisate unchanged.
50
思和，歷太尉中兵參軍。 同元禧之逆，伏法。
Sihe served as Middle Army Staff Officer of the Grand Commandant. Together with Yuan Xi's rebellion he was executed.
51
子康業，通直郎。 出帝時，坐事賜死。
His son Kangye was Direct Attendant. In Emperor Chu's time he was sentenced to death for an offense.
52
子彬，武定末，齊王相國中兵參軍。
His son Bin, at the end of Wuding, was Middle Army Staff Officer to the Prince of Qi, Chancellor of State.
53
思和弟季長，太學博士。 卒。
Sihe's younger brother Jichang was Erudite of the Imperial University. He died.
54
子喬，歷司州治中、驃騎將軍、左光祿大夫。
His son Qiao served as Chief Clerk of Sizhou, General of Rapid Cavalry, and Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.
55
羲叔父簡，簡孫尚，壯健有將略。 屢為統軍，東西征討，以軍功賜爵汝陽男。 歷位尚書郎、步兵校尉、驍騎將軍，遷輔國將軍、太尉司馬。 出為濟州刺史，將軍如故。 為政寬簡，百姓安之。 卒，贈本將軍、豫州刺史，諡曰惠。
Xi's paternal uncle Jian; Jian's grandson Shang was robust and had military strategy. Repeatedly serving as supreme commander on eastern and western campaigns, he was ennobled as Baron of Ruyang for military merit. He served as Master of Writing, Commandant of Footsoldiers, General of Rapid Cavalry, and was transferred to General Who Assists the State and Chief Clerk of the Grand Commandant. He was sent out as inspector of Jizhou, retaining his general's rank. His government was generous and simple; the people were at peace. When he died he was posthumously granted his former general's rank and inspector of Yuzhou, with the posthumous name Hui—"Kind."
56
子貴賓，襲。 解褐北海王國常侍。 員外散騎侍郎，稍遷尚書金部郎。 以公坐免官。 久之，兼太尉屬。 卒，贈征虜將軍、荊州刺史。
His son Guibin inherited. Upon leaving the russet he served as Regular Attendant of the Prince of Beihai's kingdom. Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary Outside the Regular Establishment; he was gradually promoted to Master of the Gold Section of the Masters of Writing. He was dismissed from office for a public offense. After a long interval he concurrently served as Attendant of the Grand Commandant. When he died he was posthumously granted General Who Punishes the Barbarians and inspector of Jingzhou.
57
子景裕，襲。 武定末，儀同開府行參軍。
His son Jingyu inherited. At the end of Wuding he was Mobile Staff Officer of the Office Equal to the Three Excellencies.
58
貴賓弟次珍，卒於員外常侍。 贈安東將軍、光州刺史。
Guibin's younger brother Cizhen died while serving as Attendant Outside the Regular Establishment. He was posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Guangzhou.
59
貴賓異母弟大倪、小倪。 皆粗險薄行，好為劫盜，侵暴鄉里，百姓毒患之。 普泰中，並為尒朱仲遠所殺。
Guibin's younger half-brothers Dani and Xiaoni were both coarse, dangerous, and of shallow conduct, fond of robbery and plunder, invading their home districts. The people suffered bitterly from them. In the Putai era both were killed by Erzhu Zhongyuan.
60
尚從父兄雲，字道漢。 歷雁門、濮陽二郡，貪穢狼籍。 肅宗時，納賄劉騰，得為龍驤將軍、安州刺史。 坐選舉受財，為御史所糾，因暴病卒。
Shang's elder cousin's son Yun, courtesy name Daohan, He served in Yanmen and Puyang, greedy and corrupt beyond reckoning. In Emperor Suzong's time he bribed Liu Teng and was made General of the Dragon Cavalry and inspector of Anzhou. The censorate impeached him for taking bribes in selections and he died suddenly of illness.
61
雲從父兄子敬賓，自祕書郎稍遷輔國將軍、中散大夫、魏郡太守、金紫光祿大夫。
Yun's elder cousin's son Jingbin rose from Secretary of the Palace Library to General Who Assists the State, Palace Attendant, administrator of Wei Commandery, and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with the Golden Seal.
62
子士淵，司空行參軍。
His son Shiyuan was Mobile Staff Officer of the Minister of Works.
63
羲從父兄德玄。 顯祖初，自淮南內附，拜滎陽太守。
Xi's elder cousin's son Dexuan. Early in Emperor Xianzu's reign he submitted from Huainan and was appointed administrator of Xingyang.
64
子子考，太和中，復為滎陽太守。 卒，贈冠軍將軍、豫州刺史、開封侯，諡曰惠。
His son Zikao again served as administrator of Xingyang in the Taihe era. When he died he was posthumously granted Champion General, inspector of Yuzhou, Marquis of Kaifeng, with the posthumous name Hui—"Kind."
65
子洪建，太尉祭酒。 同元禧之逆，與弟祖育同伏法。 永安中，特追贈平東將軍、齊州刺史。
His son Hongjian was Libationer of the Grand Commandant. Together with Yuan Xi's rebellion he and his younger brother Zuyu were both executed. In the Yong'an era he was specially posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Qizhou.
66
子士機，性識不周，多有短失。 歷散騎侍郎、司空從事中郎、中書郎。 卒。
His son Shiji was limited in understanding and had many faults. He served as Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, Attendant of the Minister of Works, and Master of Writing of the Secretariat. He died.
67
子道蔭，武定末，開府行參軍。
His son Daoyin served as Mobile Staff Officer of the Office Equal to the Three Excellencies at the end of Wuding.
68
祖育，太尉祭酒。 亦特贈平東將軍、豫州刺史。
Zuyu, Libationer of the Grand Commandant. He was also specially posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the East and inspector of Yuzhou.
69
祖育弟仲明，奉朝請，稍遷太尉屬。 以公強當世，為從弟儼所昵，除滎陽太守。 儼慮世難，欲以東道託之。 建義初，仲明弟季明遇害河陰。 儼後歸之，欲與起兵，尋為城民所殺。
Zuyu's younger brother Zhongming was Court Gentleman for Attendance and was gradually promoted to Attendant of the Grand Commandant. Because of his public power in the age he was favored by his cousin Yan and was appointed administrator of Xingyang. Yan, fearing the troubles of the age, wished to entrust the eastern route to him. At the beginning of Jianyi, Zhongming's younger brother Jiming was killed at Heyin. Yan later returned and wished to raise troops with him, but was soon killed by the city folk.
70
仲明兄洪健，李沖女壻。 建義初，莊帝以仲明舅氏之親，其弟與謀扶戴，仲明之死也，且有奉國之意，乃追封安平縣開國侯、邑七百戶，贈侍中、車騎大將軍、儀同三司、尚書左僕射、雍州刺史。
Zhongming's elder brother Hongjian was son-in-law to Li Chong. At the beginning of Jianyi, Emperor Zhuang, because of Zhongming's kinship as maternal uncle and because his death had shown intent to serve the state, posthumously enfeoffed him as Marquis of Anping district with seven hundred households and granted Attendant, General of the Chariots and Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and inspector of Yongzhou.
71
長子道門，仲明初謀起義，令道門說大都督李叔仁於大梁。 叔仁始欲同舉，後聞莊帝已立，叔仁子拔江乃斬道門。 建義中，特贈立節將軍、瓜州刺史。
His eldest son Daomen—when Zhongming first plotted the uprising he sent Daomen to persuade Supreme Commander Li Shuren at Daliang. Shuren at first wished to join, but later heard Emperor Zhuang had been enthroned; Shuren's son Baojiang then beheaded Daomen. In the Jianyi era he was specially posthumously granted General Who Establishes Integrity and inspector of Guazhou.
72
道門弟孝邕，襲。 天保初，爵隨例降。
Daomen's younger brother Xiaoyong inherited. At the beginning of Tianbao the title was reduced according to precedent.
73
仲明弟季亮，司徒城局參軍、員外常侍。 卒，贈散騎常侍、撫軍將軍、青州刺史。
Zhongming's younger brother Jiliang was Staff Officer of the City Bureau of the Minister of State and Attendant Outside the Regular Establishment. When he died he was posthumously granted Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, General Who Pacifies the Army, and inspector of Qingzhou.
74
季亮弟季明，釋褐太學博士。 正光中，譙郡太守，帶渦陽戍主。 頻為蕭衍遣將攻圍，兵糧寡少，外援不接，季明孤城自守，卒得保全。 朝廷嘉之，封安德縣開國伯，邑七百戶。 累遷平東將軍、光祿少卿。 武泰中，潛通尒朱榮，謀奉莊帝。 及在河陽，遂為亂兵所害。 事寧，追封南潁川郡開國公，食邑千五百戶，贈驃騎大將軍、尚書左僕射、司空公、定州刺史。
Jiliang's younger brother Jiming, upon leaving the russet, was Erudite of the Imperial University. In the Zhengguang era he was administrator of Qiao Commandery, concurrently Garrison Commander of Woyang. Repeatedly attacked and besieged by generals sent by Xiao Yan, with few troops and grain and no relief, Jiming held the isolated city and preserved it. The court commended him and enfeoffed him as Baron of Ande district with seven hundred households. He was repeatedly promoted to General Who Pacifies the East and Vice Director of Splendid Happiness. In the Wutai era he secretly communicated with Erzhu Rong, plotting to enthrone Emperor Zhuang. At Heyang he was killed by mutinous troops. When affairs were settled he was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Southern Yingchuan commandery with 1,500 households and granted Grand General of Rapid Cavalry, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, Duke of the Ministry of Works, and inspector of Dingzhou.
75
子昌，襲。 武定末，司徒城局參軍。 天保初，爵隨例降。
His son Chang inherited. At the end of Wuding he was Staff Officer of the City Bureau of the Minister of State. At the beginning of Tianbao the title was reduced according to precedent.
76
崔辯，字神通，博陵安平人。 學涉經史，風儀整峻。 顯祖徵拜中書博士。 散騎侍郎、平遠將軍、武邑太守。 政事之餘，專以勸學為務。 年六十二，卒。 贈安南將軍、定州刺史，諡曰恭。
Cui Bian, courtesy name Shentong, came from Anping in Boling. He studied the classics and histories; his bearing was orderly and stern. Emperor Xianzu summoned and appointed him Erudite of the Secretariat. Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, General Who Pacifies the Distance, administrator of Wuyi. Apart from government affairs he devoted himself solely to encouraging learning. He died at age sixty-two. He was posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the South and inspector of Dingzhou, with the posthumous name Gong—"Reverent."
77
長子景儁，梗正有高風，好古博涉。 以經明行修，徵拜中書博士。 歷侍御史、主文中散。 受敕接蕭頤使蕭琛、范雲，高祖賜名為逸。 後為員外散騎侍郎，與著作郎韓興宗參定朝儀。 雅為高祖所知重，遷國子博士，每有公事，逸常被詔獨進。 博士特命，自逸始。 轉通直散騎常侍、廷尉少卿。 卒，朝廷悼惜之，贈以本官。
His eldest son Jingjun was upright with lofty character and loved antiquity with broad learning. For clarity in the classics and cultivation in conduct he was summoned and appointed Erudite of the Secretariat. He served as Attending Censor and Chief Palace Attendant for Drafting. He received orders to receive the envoys of Xiao Yan, Xiao Chen and Fan Yun; Emperor Gaozu granted him the name Yi. Later he was Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary Outside the Regular Establishment and with Authoring Gentleman Han Xingzong helped fix court ritual. He was well known and valued by Emperor Gaozu; he was transferred to Erudite of the National University. Whenever there was public business Yi was often ordered to enter alone. Special orders to erudites began with Yi. He was transferred to Direct Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary and Vice Director of the Court of Justice. When he died the court mourned him and posthumously granted his former office.
78
子巨倫，字孝宗。 幼孤，及長，歷涉經史，有文學武藝。 以世宗挽郎，除冀州鎮北府墨曹參軍、太尉記室參軍。
His son Julun, courtesy name Xiaozong, Orphaned in youth, when grown he ranged through the classics and histories and had both literary learning and martial skill. As a mourning officer for Emperor Shizong he was appointed Ink Bureau Staff Officer of the Pacify-the-North Headquarters of Jizhou and Recording Staff Officer of the Grand Commandant.
79
叔楷為殷州，巨倫仍為長史、北道別將。 在州陷賊，斂恤亡存，為賊所義。 葛榮聞其才名，欲用為黃門侍郎。 巨倫心惡之。 至五月五日，會集官僚，令巨倫賦詩，巨倫乃曰：「五月五日時，天氣已大熱。 狗便呀欲死，牛復吐出舌。」 以此自晦，獲免。 未幾，潛結死士數人，夜中南走，逢賊遊騎數百，俱恐不濟。 巨倫曰：「寧南死一寸，豈北生一尺也！」 便欺賊曰：「吾受敕而行。」 賊不信，共爇火觀敕。 火未然，巨倫手刃賊帥，餘人因與奮擊，殺傷數十人，賊乃四潰，得馬數匹而去。 夜陰失道，惟看佛塔戶而行。 到洛，朝廷嘉之，授持節、別將北討。 初，楷喪之始，巨倫收殯倉卒，事不周固，至是遂偷路改殯，并竊家口以歸。 尋授國子博士。
His uncle Kai served as inspector of Yinzhou; Julun remained as Chief Clerk and Northern Route Deputy Commander. In the province they fell to bandits; he gathered and comforted the dead and living and was regarded with righteousness by the bandits. Ge Rong heard his talent and wished to use him as Attendant Within the Yellow Gates. Julun hated this in his heart. On the fifth day of the fifth month they gathered officials and ordered Julun to compose a poem. Julun said, "On the fifth day of the fifth month the weather is already very hot. Dogs open their jaws as if to die; oxen stick out their tongues again." By this he obscured himself and was spared. Before long he secretly joined several men willing to die and fled south by night, encountering several hundred bandit patrol horsemen; all feared they would not succeed. Julun said, "Better to die an inch in the south than live a foot in the north!" He then deceived the bandits, saying, "I am traveling on imperial orders." The bandits did not believe him and together lit a fire to view the edict. Before the fire caught, Julun slew the bandit chief with his own hand; the rest joined in striking fiercely, killing and wounding dozens. The bandits scattered and they obtained several horses and fled. In the dark night they lost the road and could only proceed by watching the doors of pagodas. When they reached Luoyang the court commended him and appointed him Bearer of the Staff and Deputy Commander of the Northern Campaign. Earlier, at the beginning of Kai's mourning, Julun had gathered the burial in haste and matters were not thorough. Now he secretly changed the route of the coffin and also stole household members to return. Soon he was appointed Erudite of the National University.
80
莊帝即位，假節、中堅將軍、東濮陽太守，假征虜將軍、別將。 時河北紛梗，人士避賊，多住郡界，歲儉飢乏，巨倫傾資贍恤，務相全濟，時類高之。 元顥入洛，據郡不從。 莊帝還宮，行西兗州事，封漁陽縣開國男，邑二百戶，尋除光祿大夫。 三年卒，時年四十四。
When Emperor Zhuang was enthroned he was given acting staff, General of the Firm Center, administrator of Eastern Puyang, acting General Who Punishes the Barbarians, and Deputy Commander. At that time Hebei was in turmoil and gentlemen fleeing bandits mostly stayed within the commandery. In years of famine Julun poured out his resources to support them, striving to preserve them all—men of the time esteemed him. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang he held the commandery and did not submit. When Emperor Zhuang returned to the palace he acted for Western Yanzhou, was enfeoffed as Baron of Yuyang district with two hundred households, and soon was appointed Grand Master of Splendid Happiness. He died in the third year, aged forty-four.
81
子武，襲。 武定中，懷州衞軍府錄事參軍。 齊受禪，爵例降。
His son Wu inherited. In the Wuding era he was Recording Staff Officer of the Guards Army Headquarters of Huaizhou. When Qi received the mandate the title was reduced according to precedent.
82
初，巨倫有姊，明惠有才行，因患眇一目，內外親類莫有求者，其家議欲下嫁之。 巨倫姑趙國李叔胤之妻，高明慈篤，聞而悲感曰：「吾兄盛德，不幸早世，豈令此女屈事卑族！」 乃為子翼納之，時人歎其義。 崔氏與翼書詩數十首，辭理可觀。
Earlier Julun had an elder sister, bright and capable, who because of illness had one eye blinded. No kin sought her in marriage, and the family discussed marrying her beneath their station. Julun's aunt, wife of Li Shuyin of Zhao, was lofty, bright, kind, and sincere. Hearing this she was moved to grief and said, "My brother's great virtue—unfortunate to die early. How can I let this girl submit to a low clan!" She then took her as wife for her son Yi. Men of the time praised her righteousness. The Cui clan and Yi exchanged several tens of poems; the reasoning and style were admirable.
83
逸弟模，字叔軌。 身長八尺，圍亦如之。 出後其叔。 雅有志度。 起家奉朝請，歷太尉祭酒、尚書金部郎中、太尉主簿，轉中郎，遷太子家令。 以公事免。 神龜中，詔復本資，除冠軍將軍、中散大夫。 出除魯陽太守。 正光二年，襄陽民密求款附，詔模為別將，隸淮南王世遵，率眾赴之。 事覺，模焚襄陽邑郭而還。 坐不克，免官。 及蕭寶夤討關隴，引模為西征別將，屢有戰功，除持節、光祿大夫、都督別道諸軍事，加安東將軍。 万俟醜奴遣將郝虎南侵，模攻破其營，擒虎。 以功封槐里縣開國伯，邑五百戶。 於時將督敗歿者多，模挫敵持重，號為名將。 後假征東將軍、行岐州事。 未幾，擊賊入深，沒於陳。 贈撫軍將軍、相州刺史。 永熙中，追錄前勳，又贈都督定相冀三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、相州刺史。 子士護。
Yi's younger brother Mo, courtesy name Shugui, He stood eight chi tall and his girth matched his height. He was adopted out to his uncle. By nature he had lofty ambition and measure. He began as Court Gentleman for Attendance, served as Libationer of the Grand Commandant, Master of the Gold Section, Chief Clerk of the Grand Commandant, was transferred to Attendant, and promoted to Director of the Crown Prince's Household. He was dismissed for a public offense. In the Shengui era an edict restored his former salary and he was appointed Champion General and Palace Attendant. He was appointed administrator of Luyang. In the second year of Zhengguang the people of Xiangyang secretly sought to submit. An edict made Mo Deputy Commander under Prince Shizun of Huainan, who led troops to go there. When the affair was exposed, Mo burned the outer districts of Xiangyang and returned. He was punished for failure and dismissed from office. When Xiao Baoyin campaigned against Guan and Long, he recruited Mo as Western Campaign Deputy Commander. He won repeated victories and was appointed Bearer of the Staff, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, commander of the separate route's military affairs, with the additional rank of General Who Pacifies the East. Chounu of Wanqi sent his general Hao Hu south to invade; Mo broke his camp and captured Hu. For his merit he was enfeoffed as Baron of Huaili district with five hundred households. At that time many supervising generals were defeated and killed; Mo checked the enemy, held his ground, and was called a famous general. Later he was given acting rank as General Who Campaigns East and acted for Qizhou. Before long he attacked bandits and went too deep; he perished in battle. He was posthumously granted General Who Pacifies the Army and inspector of Xiangzhou. In the Yongxi era his former achievements were recorded again, and he was again granted command over military affairs of Ding, Xiang, and Ji provinces, Grand General of Rapid Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Xiangzhou. His son Shihu.
84
模弟楷，字季則。 美風望，性剛梗，有當世幹具。 釋褐奉朝請，員外散騎侍郎、廣平王懷文學。 正始中，以王國官非其人，多被刑戮，惟楷與楊昱以數諫獲免。 後為尚書左主客郎中、伏波將軍、太子中舍人、左中郎將。 以黨附高肇，為中尉所劾，事在高聰傳。 楷性嚴烈，能摧挫豪強，故時人語曰：「莫𢖇 〈都買反〉 𢖆， 〈孤楷反〉 付崔楷。」
Mo's younger brother Kai, courtesy name Jize, He had fine bearing and presence; by nature he was firm and upright and had capacity for his age. Upon leaving the russet he served as Court Gentleman for Attendance, Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary Outside the Regular Establishment, and Literary Scholar to Prince Huai of Guangping. In the Zhengshi era, because princely household officials were unsuitable, many were punished and killed; only Kai and Yang Yu were spared through repeated remonstrance. Later he served as Director of the Left Guest Section of the Masters of Writing, General Who Subdues the Waves, Vice Director of the Crown Prince's Household, and Left Commandant of Cavalry. For attaching himself to Gao Zhao he was impeached by the Censor-in-Chief; the affair is in the biography of Gao Cong. Kai's nature was stern and fierce; he could break the power of the mighty. Thus people of the time said, "Do not haggle-buy— 〈du mai fan〉 haggle— 〈gu kai fan〉 hand it to Cui Kai."
85
於時冀定數州，頻遭水害，楷上疏曰：
At that time several provinces of Ji and Ding suffered flooding year after year; Kai submitted a memorial saying:
86
臣聞有國有家者，莫不以萬姓為心，故矜傷軫於造次，求瘼結於寢興。 黎民阻飢，唐堯致歎； 眾庶斯饉，帝乙罰己。 良以為政與農，實繫民命。 水旱緣茲以得濟，夷險用此而獲安。 頃東北數州，頻年淫雨，長河激浪，洪波汨流，川陸連濤，原隰通望，彌漫不已，汎濫為災。 戶無擔石之儲，家有藜藿之色。 華壤膏腴，變為舄鹵； 菽麥禾黍，化作雚蒲。 斯用痛心徘徊，澘然佇立也。
Your servant has heard that those who possess a state and a family take the myriad people as their heart; thus they grieve and pity in haste and seek relief in rising and resting. When the black-haired people are blocked by hunger, Tang Yao sighed; when the masses suffer famine, Emperor Yi punished himself. Truly government and agriculture are bound to the people's lives. Through this flood and drought may be relieved; through this level and steep terrain may be secured. Recently several provinces of the northeast have had excessive rain year after year. The long river surges; great floods flow in torrents. Rivers and land join in waves; plains and marshes look out on one another. The inundation does not cease and spreads as disaster. Households have no picul of grain in store; families have the color of wild greens. Fertile soil and rich land have become salt marshes; beans, wheat, millet, and hemp have turned into reeds and rushes. This makes one grieve in heart and pace about in sorrow.
87
昔洪水為害四載，流於夏書； 九土既平攸同，紀自虞誥。 亮由君之勤恤，臣用劬勞，日昃忘餐，宵分廢寢。 伏惟皇魏握圖臨宇，總契裁極，道敷九有，德被八荒，槐階棘路，實維英哲，虎門、麟閣，實曰賢明，天地函和，日月光曜。 自比定冀水潦，無歲不飢； 幽瀛川河，頻年汎溢。 豈是陽九厄會，百六鍾期，故以人事而然，非為運極。 昔魏國鹹舄，史起哂之； 茲地荒蕪，臣實為耻。 [7]不揆愚瞽，輒敢陳之。
In antiquity the flood was a calamity for four years, recorded in the Xia Documents; when the nine lands were level all were united, as recorded in the Instructions of Yu. It was because the ruler was diligent in care and ministers labored with effort, forgetting meals at sundown and abandoning sleep at midnight. I bow and consider Great Wei, holding the chart and facing the realm, the Way spread through the nine possessions, virtue covering the eight wilds, the court truly filled with heroes and the worthy—heaven and earth embrace harmony, sun and moon shine bright. Since Ding and Ji have had flood and drought, not a year without famine; You and Ying's rivers overflow year after year. Is this the yang-nine calamity and the hundred-six cycle, thus happening through human affairs rather than the limit of fortune? In former times the state of Wei had salty marshes; Shi Qi laughed at them; this land is desolate and waste—your servant is truly shamed. [7] Not measuring my foolish blindness, I venture to present this.
88
計水之湊下，浸潤無間，九河通塞，屢有變改，不可一準古法，皆循舊隄。 何者？ 河決瓠子，梁楚幾危； 宣防既建，水還舊迹。 十數年間，戶口豐衍。 又決屯氏，兩川分流，東北數郡之地，僅得支存。 及下通靈、鳴，水田一路，往昔膏腴，十分病九，邑居凋離，墳井毀滅。 良由水大渠狹，更不開瀉，眾流壅塞，曲直乘之所致也。 至若量其逶迤，穿鑿涓澮，[8]分立隄堨，所在疏通，預決其路，令無停蹙。 隨其高下，必得地形，土木參功，務從便省。 使地有金隄之堅，水有非常之備。 鈎連相注，多置水口，從河入海，遠邇逕通，[9]瀉其墝潟，泄此陂澤。 九月農罷，量役計功，十月昏正，立匠表度。 縣遣能工，麾畫形勢； 郡發明使，籌察可否。 審地推岸，辨其脈流； 樹板分崖，練厥從往。 別使案檢，分剖是非，[10]瞰睇川原，明審通塞。 當境修治，不勞役遠，終春自罷，未須久功。 即以高下營田，因於水陸，水種秔稻，陸藝桑麻。 必使室有久儲，門豐餘積。
Considering that water flowing down seeps without gap, the nine rivers' passage and blockage have often changed and cannot uniformly follow ancient methods, all tracing old dikes. Why? When the river broke at Huzi, Liang and Chu were nearly endangered; once Xuan and Fang were built, the water returned to its old course. Within ten-odd years household registers flourished. Again it broke at Tunshi; the two rivers divided their flow, and the lands of several northeastern commanderies barely survived. When it opened below to Ling and Ming, one water-rice route—what was once fertile land, nine-tenths sick, settlements scattered, graves and wells destroyed. Truly because the water was great and the channels narrow, with no further opening for discharge, the many streams blocked and choked, and winding and straight courses multiplied—this was the cause. As for measuring its winding course, piercing and cutting small channels, [8] establishing separate dikes and embankments, clearing wherever blocked, deciding routes in advance so there is no stoppage or choke. Following high and low, one must obtain the terrain; earth and wood share the work, striving for convenience and economy. Let the land have the firmness of golden dikes and the water have extraordinary preparedness. Hook and link mutual flow, many water outlets set, from river to sea, far and near paths open, [9] draining the saline lowlands, releasing these marshes and pools. In the ninth month farming ends; measure labor and calculate work. In the tenth month at dusk set craftsmen and mark degrees. Districts send skilled workers to draw the terrain; commanderies dispatch enlightened envoys to investigate what is feasible. Examine the land and push the banks, distinguishing the pulse of flow; set boards to divide cliffs and train the course of passage. Separately send inspectors to divide right and wrong, [10] overlooking rivers and plains, clearly examining passage and blockage. Repair within the borders without laboring the distant, ending by spring without need for long work. Then according to high and low establish fields, using water and land—rice planted in water, mulberry and hemp on land. Surely households will have long stores and gates abundant with surplus grain.
89
其實上葉禦災之方，亦為中古井田之利。 即之近事，有可比倫。 江淮之南，地勢洿下，雲雨陰霖，動彌旬月。 遙途遠運，惟用舟艫； 南畝畬菑，微事耒耜。 而眾庶未為饉色，黔首罕有飢顏。 豈天德不均，致此偏罰，故是地勢異圖，有茲豐餒。 臣既鄉居水際，目覩荒殘，每思鄭白，屢想王李。 夙宵不寐，言念皇家，愚誠丹款，實希效力，有心螢爝，乞暫施行。 使數州士女，無廢耕桑之業； 聖世洪恩，有賑飢荒之士。 鄴宰深笑，息自一朝； 臣之至誠，申於今日。
In truth this is the method of the upper age for warding off disaster, and also the benefit of well-field in middle antiquity. Approaching recent affairs, there is comparable precedent. South of the Yangtze and Huai the terrain is low and wet; cloudy rain often lasts full months. Distant roads and far transport rely only on boats; southern fields are burned over; slight work with plow and hoe. Yet the masses are not famine-colored; the common people rarely show hungry faces. Is Heaven's virtue unequal, bringing this partial punishment? Thus the terrain differs in map and there is this abundance and scarcity. Your servant, dwelling by the waters, has witnessed the desolation with his own eyes, often thinking of Zheng Bai, repeatedly recalling Wang and Li. From early dawn I do not sleep, speaking of the imperial house in my thoughts; my foolish sincerity truly hopes to exert strength, having the heart of a firefly, begging temporary implementation. Let the gentlemen and ladies of several provinces not abandon farming and mulberry; the sage age's great grace will have gentlemen to relieve famine and waste. The Administrator of Ye will laugh deeply, resting from one morning; your servant's utmost sincerity is expressed today.
90
詔曰：「頻年水旱為患，黎民阻飢，靜言念之，昃不遑食，[11]鑒此事條，深協在慮。 但計畫功廣，非朝夕可合，宜付外量聞。」 事遂施行。 楷用功未就，詔還追罷。
An edict said, "Flood and drought have been calamities for years; the people are blocked by hunger. Speaking of it in silence, I have no leisure to eat at sundown. [11] Examining these items deeply accords with my thought. But the planned work is broad and cannot be combined in a morning and evening; it should be sent outside for measurement and report. The matter was then implemented. Kai's labor was not yet finished when an edict recalled and stopped him.
91
久之，京兆王繼為大將軍西討，引楷為司馬。 還，轉後將軍、廣平太守。 後葛榮轉盛，諸將拒擊，並皆失利。 孝昌初，加楷持節、散騎常侍、光祿大夫、兼尚書北道行臺，尋轉軍司。 未幾，分定相二州四郡置殷州，以楷為刺史，加後將軍。 楷至州，表曰：「竊惟殷州地實四衝，居當五裂； 西通長山，東漸臣野。 頃國路康寧，四方有截，仍聚姦宄，桴鼓時鳴。 況今天長喪亂，妖災間起。 定州逆虜，趑趣北界； 鄴下兇燼，蠶噬腹心。 兩處犬羊，勢足并合，城下之戰，匪暮斯朝。 臣以不武，屬此屏捍，實思効力，以弱敵強，析骸煮弩，固此忠節。 但基趾造創，庶事茫然，升儲尺刃，聊自未有，雖欲竭誠，莫知攸濟。 謹列所須兵仗，請垂矜許。 必當虎視一方，遏其侵軼，肅清境內，保全所委。」 詔付外量，竟無所給。
After a long time, Prince Ji of Jingzhao served as great general on the western campaign and recruited Kai as Marshal. On his return he was transferred to Rear General and administrator of Guangping. Later Ge Rong grew ever stronger; the generals resisted and struck but all lost. At the beginning of Xiaochang he was given Kai Bearer of the Staff, Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, Concurrent Master of Writing of the Northern Route Mobile Headquarters; soon he was transferred to Army Supervisor. Before long, dividing Ding and Xiang two provinces and four commanderies, Yinzhou was established, with Kai as inspector and given the additional rank of Rear General. When Kai reached the province he memorialized, "Your servant ventures to consider that Yinzhou's territory is truly a four-way crossroads, situated at a five-part split; west it connects to the long mountains, east it approaches the subject wilds. Recently the national roads were peaceful and the four quarters were restrained, yet villains still gathered and war drums sounded from time to time. Moreover today the long night of disorder, demonic calamities arise in succession. Dingzhou's rebellious barbarians hurry toward the northern border; the fierce flames below Ye gnaw at the heartland. The two packs of dogs and goats have force enough to merge; battle below the walls is not far off, perhaps tomorrow morning. Your servant, though unwarlike, bears this screen and defense and truly thinks to exert strength, using weakness against strength, breaking bones to boil crossbows—such is this loyal resolve. But the foundation is newly created and the hundred affairs are obscure; though wishing to show sincerity, I do not know what will succeed. I respectfully list the arms and equipment needed and beg your compassionate grant. Surely I will glare in one direction, check their invasion and raid, and within the borders make clear and preserve what is entrusted. An edict ordered outside measurement; in the end nothing was supplied.
92
葛榮自破章武、廣陽二王之後，鋒不可當。 初楷將之州，人咸勸留家口，單身述職。 楷曰：「貪人之祿，憂人之事，如一身獨往，朝廷謂吾有進退之計，將士又誰肯為人固志也？」 遂合家赴州。 三年春，賊勢已逼，或勸減小弱以避之，乃遣第四女、第三兒夜出。 既而召僚屬共論之，咸曰：「女郎出嫁之女，郎君小未勝兵，留之無益，去復何損。 且使君在城，家口尚多，足固將士之意，竊不足為疑。」 楷曰：「國家豈不知城小力弱也，置吾死地，令吾死耳！ 一朝送免兒女，將謂吾心不固。 虧忠全愛，臧獲耻之，況吾荷國重寄也。」 遂命追還。 州既新立，了無禦備之具。 及賊來攻，楷率力抗拒，強弱勢懸，每勒兵士撫厲之，莫不爭奮，咸稱：「崔公尚不惜百口，吾等何愛一身！」 [12]速戰半旬，死者相枕。 力竭城陷，楷執節不屈，賊遂害之，時年五十一。 長子士元舉茂才，平州錄事參軍、假征虜將軍、防城都督，隨楷之州，州陷，亦戰歿。 楷兄弟父子，並死王事，朝野傷歎焉。 贈使持節、散騎常侍、鎮軍將軍、定州刺史。 永熙中，又特贈侍中、都督冀定相三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、冀州刺史。
After Ge Rong broke the Princes of Zhangwu and Guangyang, his edge could not be faced. When Kai was first going to the province, people all urged him to leave his household and go alone to take up office. Kai said, "Taking another's salary means worrying over another's affairs. If I go alone, the court will think I plan to flee, and what officer would hold fast for others?" He then brought his whole family to the province. In the third year spring the bandit force had already pressed close. Some urged sending away the weak, and he sent his fourth daughter and third son out by night. Then he summoned his staff to discuss it. All said, "The young lady is already married out; the young master is too small for arms—keeping them is no benefit, sending them away is no loss. Moreover you are in the city and household members are still many, enough to firm the officers' hearts—we find no grounds for doubt." Kai said, "Does the state not know the city is small and strength weak? It placed me in a death land, intending me to die! If in one morning I send away my children, they will say my heart is not firm. To fail in loyalty and complete love—even slaves would be shamed, how much more one who bears the state's heavy trust. He then ordered them pursued and brought back. The province was newly established and wholly lacked defensive preparations. When bandits came to attack, Kai led resistance. Strong and weak were far apart; each time he urged the soldiers, none failed to struggle fiercely. All said, "Lord Cui does not spare a hundred mouths—why should we love one body!" [12] After rapid battle for half a month, the dead lay pillow to pillow. Strength exhausted, the city fell. Kai held his staff and would not bend; the bandits killed him, aged fifty-one. His eldest son Shiyuan was recommended as maocai, Recording Staff Officer of Pingzhou, acting General Who Punishes the Barbarians, Defense Commander, following Kai to the province; when the province fell he also died in battle. Kai's brothers, sons, and father all died in the king's service; court and country mourned and sighed. He was posthumously granted Bearer of the Staff, Attendant Cavalier-in-Ordinary, General Who Pacifies the Army, and inspector of Dingzhou. In the Yongxi era he was again specially posthumously granted Attendant, commander of military affairs of Ji, Ding, and Xiang provinces, Grand General of Rapid Cavalry, Equal in Honor to the Three Excellencies, and inspector of Jizhou.
93
士元弟士謙、士約，並歿關西。
Shiyuan's younger brothers Shiqian and Shiyue both died in the lands west of the passes.
94
士約弟士順，儀同開府行參軍。
Shiyue's younger brother Shishun was Mobile Staff Officer of the Office Equal to the Three Excellencies.
95
士元息勵德，武定中，司徒城局參軍。
Shiyuan's son Lide served as Staff Officer of the City Bureau of the Minister of State during the Wuding era.
96
史臣曰：鄭羲機識明悟，為時所許，懿兄弟風尚，俱有可觀，故能並當榮遇，其濟美矣。 嚴祖穢薄，忝其家世。 幼儒令問促年，伯猷賄以敗業，惜乎！ 崔辯器業著聞，位不遠到。 逸經明行高，籍甚太和之日，德優官薄，仍世恨之。 模雄壯之烈，楷忠貞之操，殺身成義，臨難如歸。 非大丈夫亦何能以若此！
The historiographer says: Zheng Xi's resourceful insight and clear understanding were acknowledged by the age; the Yi brothers' bearing and conduct were both admirable, and thus they could all meet with honor—how they enhanced the family's beauty! Yanzu's foul baseness disgraced his family line. Youru's fine reputation cut short in years; Boyou's bribes ruined his career—pity! Cui Bian's talent and achievement were renowned; his rank did not reach far. Yi's classics were clear and conduct lofty, greatly esteemed in the Taihe days; virtue was superior but office thin—a regret through the generations. Mo's fierce heroic valor and Kai's loyal steadfast conduct—dying to accomplish righteousness, facing hardship as if returning home. If not a great man, how could one act thus!
97
校勘記
Textual Collation Notes
98
今張超驅市人負擔石諸本「市」下脫「人」字，今據北史卷三五鄭羲傳、冊府卷四五二 〈五三五九頁〉 、卷七二一 〈八五八四頁〉 補。
"Now Zhang Chao drives market folk who shoulder stones": all editions lack "people" after "market"; now supplemented according to the Northern History, juan 35, Zheng Xi biography, and Imperial Readings, juan 452 〈p. 5359〉 、juan 721 〈p. 8584〉 supplement.
99
中山王叡張森楷云：「『王』下當更有一『王』字。」 按魏書對異姓王公例必書姓，這裏當脫一「王」字。 但他處也多如此，今不補，以後也不再出校記。
"Prince of Zhongshan Rui": Zhang Senkai observes that another "Prince" character ought to appear under "Prince." Examining: the Book of Wei when addressing princes of other surnames always writes the surname; here a "Prince" character is probably missing. But elsewhere is also often thus; we do not supplement now, and will not issue collation notes hereafter.
100
遵祖弟順北史卷三五「順」下有「祖」字。 按鄭道昭五子都以「祖」字排行，不應順獨單名，當脫「祖」字。
"Zunzu's younger brother Shun": the Northern History, juan 35, has "zu" after "Shun." Examining: Zheng Daozhao's five sons all used "zu" in their names; Shun alone having a single name is unlikely—the "zu" character is probably missing.
101
洞林子敬叔諸本「子」作「字」，獨殿本作「子」，考證云：「鄭羲五兄，長白驎、次小白、次洞林、次叔夜、次連山，遂各序其子某、孫某。 今觀下文有云：『敬叔弟士恭』，則可知敬叔、士恭皆洞林子，而非其字矣。 今改正。」 按北史卷三五正作「子」。 今從殿本。
"Donglin's son Jingshu": all editions write "zi" (courtesy name); only the Palace edition writes "zi" (son). Textual verification says: "Zheng Xi's five elder brothers: eldest Bailin, next Xiaobai, next Donglin, next Shuye, next Lianshan—then each in turn lists son so-and-so, grandson so-and-so. Now examining below it says 'Jingshu's younger brother Shigong,' then one knows Jingshu and Shigong are both Donglin's sons, not their courtesy names." Now corrected. The Northern History, juan 35, correctly writes "son." Now follow the Palace edition.
102
轉通常侍按「通」下當脫「直」字。
Transferred to Regular Attendant: examining, under "tong" the "zhi" character is probably missing.
103
顥遣尚書令臨淮王彧率眾討之諸本「尚」作「上」。 按卷一八臨淮王譚附彧傳以北史補，不載此事，但云彧於元子攸即位後，自梁還，「累除位尚書令」云云。 元顥入洛，當仍居此官。 這裏「上」顯為「尚」之訛，今改正。
"Hao sent the Minister of the Masters of Writing, Prince of Huai'nan Yu, to lead troops against him": all editions write "shang" (above) for "shang" (Minister). Examining: the biography of Prince Yu of Huai'nan in juan 18 is supplemented from the Northern History and does not record this affair, but says that after Yuan Ziyou's enthronement Yu returned from Liang and was repeatedly appointed Minister of the Masters of Writing. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, he should still have held this office. Here "shang" (above) is clearly a corruption of "shang" (Minister); now corrected.
104
臣實為耻諸本「耻」訛「取」，今據冊府卷四九七 〈五九四八頁〉 改。
"Your servant is truly shamed": all editions corrupt "chi" (ashamed) as "qu" (take); now according to Imperial Readings, juan 497 〈p. 5948〉 corrected.
105
穿鑿涓澮殿本考證云：「『涓』疑應作『溝』。」
"Pierce and cut small channels": the Palace edition textual note says "juan" is suspected to should be "gou" (ditch).
106
遠邇逕通諸本「通」訛「過」，今據冊府卷四九七 〈五九四八頁〉 改。
"Far and near paths open": all editions corrupt "tong" (open) as "guo" (pass); now according to Imperial Readings, juan 497 〈p. 5948〉 corrected.
107
分剖是非諸本「剖」訛「部」，今據冊府 〈同上卷頁〉 改。
"Divide right and wrong": all editions corrupt "pou" (divide) as "bu" (department); now according to Imperial Readings 〈same juan, page〉 corrected.
108
昃不遑食諸本「遑」訛「違」，今據冊府 〈同上卷頁〉 改。
"No leisure to eat at sundown": all editions corrupt "huang" (leisure) as "wei" (violate); now according to Imperial Readings 〈same juan, page〉 corrected.
109
吾等何愛一身諸本無「一」字，北史卷三二崔辯附崔楷傳、冊府卷三七二 〈四四二六頁〉 有。 按「一身」與上「百口」相對。 冊府採魏書而與北史同，知傳本魏書脫去，今據補。
"Why should we love one body": all editions lack "yi" (one); the Northern History, juan 32, Cui Bian appendix Cui Kai biography, and Imperial Readings, juan 372 〈p. 4426〉 have it. Examining: "one body" contrasts with "a hundred mouths" above. Imperial Readings drew from the Book of Wei and agrees with the Northern History, knowing the transmitted Book of Wei lost it; now supplemented accordingly.