Volume 58: Yang Bo

楊播，字延慶，自云恒農華陰人也。高祖結，仕慕容氏，卒於中山相。曾祖珍，太祖時歸國，卒於上谷太守。祖真，河內、清河二郡太守。父懿，延興末為廣平太守，有稱績。高祖南巡，吏人頌之，加寧遠將軍，賜帛三百匹。徵為選部給事中，有公平之譽。除安南將軍、洛州刺史，未之任而卒。贈以本官，加弘農公，諡曰簡。

Yang Bo, whose style name was Yanching, claimed to be a native of Huayin in Hengong commandery. His great-grandfather Jie had served the Murong and ended his career as chief minister of Zhongshan. His great-grandfather Zhen came over to the Wei during the reign of Emperor Daowu and died in office as Administrator of Shanggu. His grandfather Zhen had served as Administrator of both Henei and Qinghe. His father Yi, late in the Yanxing period, served as Administrator of Guangping and won renown for his accomplishments. During a southern progress by Emperor Xiaowen, local officials and the populace lauded Yi; he was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Distant and awarded three hundred bolts of silk. He was recalled to court as an attendant in the Selection Bureau, where he earned a name for impartiality. He was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Governor of Luozhou, but died before he could assume the office. Posthumously he was granted his former rank, ennobled as Duke of Hongnong, and given the posthumous epithet Jian, meaning Simple.

播本字元休，太和中，高祖賜改焉。母王氏，文明太后之外姑。播少修整，奉養盡禮。擢為中散，累遷給事，領中起部曹。以外親，優賜亟加，前後萬計。進北部給事中。詔播巡行北邊，高祖親送及戶，戒以軍略。未幾，除龍驤將軍、員外常侍，轉衞尉少卿，常侍如故。與陽平王頤等出漠北擊蠕蠕，大獲而還。高祖嘉其勳，賜奴婢十口。遷武衞將軍，復擊蠕蠕，至居然山而還。

Bo had originally been styled Yuanxiu; during the Taihe reign period Emperor Xiaowen gave him the new style name Yanching. His mother, of the Wang clan, was a maternal aunt of Empress Dowager Wenming. From youth Bo was neat in deportment and punctilious in discharging his filial duties. He rose to Palace Attendant, then successively to a post in the Secretariat, directing the central works bureau. As a maternal relative of the throne, he received extraordinary largesse again and again, amounting to tens of thousands of pieces over the years. He was promoted to Northern Attendant of the Secretariat. When Bo was ordered to tour the northern border, Emperor Xiaowen saw him to the gate and briefed him on strategy. Soon he was made General Flying Dragon and supernumerary chamberlain, then Vice-Director of the Palace Guards while retaining his court attendant status. With Prince Yangping Yi and others he campaigned north of the desert against the Rouran and came back laden with spoils. Emperor Xiaowen commended his achievement and granted him ten household slaves. He was promoted to General of the Martial Guards and once more struck the Rouran, withdrawing only after reaching Juran Mountain.

除左將軍，尋假前將軍。隨車駕南討，至鍾離。師回，詔播領步卒三千、騎五百為眾軍殿。時春水初長，賊眾大至，舟艦塞川。播以諸軍渡淮未訖，嚴陳南岸，身自居後。諸軍渡盡，賊眾遂集，於是圍播。乃為圓陳以禦之，身自搏擊，斬殺甚多。相拒再宿，軍人食盡，賊圍更急。高祖在北而望之，既無舟船，不得救援。水勢稍減，播領精騎三百歷其舟船，大呼曰：「今我欲渡，能戰者來。」賊莫敢動，遂擁眾而濟。高祖甚壯之，賜爵華陰子，尋除右衞將軍。

He was made General of the Left and shortly thereafter given acting rank as vanguard general. He accompanied the emperor on the southern expedition as far as Zhongli. On the withdrawal, Bo was ordered to take three thousand infantry and five hundred cavalry as rearguard for the entire army. The spring floods were rising, and enemy forces came up in strength until boats and ships clogged the river. Since the main forces had not yet finished crossing the Huai, Bo drew up a tight formation on the south bank and placed himself at the rear. Once the armies had crossed, the enemy massed and surrounded Bo. He formed a circular defense and fought in the front ranks himself, killing a great many of the enemy. The standoff lasted two days and nights; the troops ran out of provisions and the enemy ring drew tighter. Emperor Xiaowen watched from the north bank, but with no boats at hand he could not send relief. As the flood eased, Bo led three hundred elite horsemen through the enemy fleet and shouted, "I am crossing now—whoever dares, come and fight!" None of the enemy stirred, and he brought his men safely across. Emperor Xiaowen was deeply impressed and ennobled him as Viscount of Huayin; soon after he was appointed General of the Right Guards.

後從駕討崔慧景、蕭衍於鄧城，破之，進號平東將軍。時車駕耀威沔水，上巳設宴，高祖與中軍、彭城王勰賭射，左衞元遙在勰朋內，而播居帝曹。遙射侯正中，籌限已滿。高祖曰：「左衞籌足，右衞不得不解。」播對曰：「仰恃聖恩，庶幾必爭。」於是彎弓而發，其箭正中。高祖笑曰：「養由基之妙，何復過是。」遂舉卮酒以賜播曰：「古人酒以養病，朕今賞卿之能，可謂今古之殊也。」從到懸瓠，除太府卿，進爵為伯。

He later accompanied the emperor against Cui Huijing and Xiao Yan at Dengcheng, routed them, and was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East. While the court was displaying its power on the Han River, an Upper Si festival banquet was held. Emperor Xiaowen and Prince Pengcheng Xie of the central army wagered at archery: Yuan Yao of the Left Guards was in Xie's party, Bo in the emperor's. Yao's arrow struck the target squarely, filling his quota of scoring markers. The emperor said, "The Left Guards have met their tally—the Right Guards must now answer the challenge." Bo replied, "With Your Majesty's grace behind me, I mean to try my best." He drew his bow and loosed; the arrow struck the center of the target. The emperor laughed and said, "The legendary Yang Youji could do no better than that." He raised a cup of wine and gave it to Bo, saying, "In antiquity wine was taken as medicine; today I reward your skill—how the times have changed." He accompanied the court to Xuancai, was appointed Director of the Imperial Treasury, and was raised to the rank of marquis.

景明初，兼侍中，使恒州，贍恤寒乏。轉左衞將軍。出除安北將軍、并州刺史，固辭，乃授安西將軍、華州刺史。至州借民田，為御史王基所劾，削除官爵。延昌二年，卒于家。子侃等停柩不葬，披訴積年，至熙平中乃贈鎮西將軍、雍州刺史，并復其爵，諡曰壯。

Early in the Jingming era he served concurrently as Palace Attendant and was dispatched to Hengzhou to relieve the poor and needy. He was transferred to General of the Left Guards. He was appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Bingzhou but firmly declined; he was then given General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Huazhou instead. Once in office he borrowed land from commoners; Censor Wang Ji impeached him and he was stripped of rank and title. In the second year of Yanzhang he died at home. His son Kan and others refused burial and petitioned year after year; only in the Xiping period was Bo posthumously made General Who Guards the West and Governor of Yongzhou, his titles restored, and the posthumous epithet Zhuang, meaning Stalwart, conferred.

侃，字士業。頗愛琴書，尤好計畫。時播一門，貴滿朝廷，兒姪早通，而侃獨不交遊，公卿罕有識者。親朋勸其出仕，侃曰：「苟有良田，何憂晚歲，但恨無才具耳。」

Kan, whose style name was Shiye. He was fond of music and books and had a particular gift for strategy. By then the Yang clan of Bo's line filled the court with nobles, and his sons and nephews had wide connections early on; Kan alone kept to himself, and few grandees even knew who he was. Relatives urged him to take office; Kan said, "With good land one need not fear old age—I only regret that I lack the talent for it."

年三十一，襲爵華陰伯。釋褐太尉、汝南王悅騎兵參軍。揚州刺史長孫稚請為錄事參軍。蕭衍豫州刺史裴邃治合肥城，規相掩襲，密購壽春郭人李瓜花、袁建等令為內應。邃已纂勒兵士，有期日矣，而慮壽春疑覺，遂謬移云：「魏始於馬頭置戍，如聞復欲修白捺舊城。若爾，便稍相侵逼，此亦須營歐陽，設交境之備。今板卒已集，唯聽信還。」佐僚咸欲以實答之，云無修白捺意。而侃曰：「白捺小城，本非形勝。邃好小黠，今集兵遣移，虛搆是言，得無有別圖也？」稚深悟之，乃云：「錄事可造移報。」侃移曰：「彼之纂兵，想別有意，何為妄構白捺也！他人有心，予忖度之，勿謂秦無人也。」邃得移，謂已知覺，便爾散兵。瓜花等以期契不會，便相告發，伏辜者十數家。邃後竟襲壽春，入羅城而退。遂列營於黎漿、梁城，日夕鈔掠。稚乃奏侃為統軍。

At thirty-one he inherited the marquisate of Huayin. On entering service he became cavalry adjutant to Prince Runan Yue, Grand Marshal. Zhangsun Zhi, Governor of Yangzhou, asked that he serve as recording secretary. Pei Sui, Xiao Yan's Governor of Yuzhou, fortified Hefei and planned a coordinated surprise attack, secretly recruiting Li Guahua, Yuan Jian, and others from the suburbs of Shouchun as inside collaborators. Pei had already mustered his troops and fixed a date, but fearing Shouchun might suspect him, he sent a deceptive dispatch: "The Wei have newly garrisoned Matou, and I hear they mean to rebuild the old fort at Bainuo. If that is so, our positions will gradually encroach on each other; we too must fortify Ouyang and prepare defenses along the border. My laborers and troops are already assembled; I await only your word to stand down." The staff all wanted to reply honestly that there was no plan to rebuild Bainuo. Kan said, "Bainuo is a minor post and no strategic prize in itself. Pei is clever in small ways; he has mustered troops and invented this story—surely he has some other design?" Zhi saw through it at once and said, "Recording Secretary, draft the reply." Kan's reply read: "Your mustering of troops surely serves some other purpose—why invent this tale about Bainuo! When another has designs, I can guess them—do not suppose that Qin has no worthy men." Pei received the reply, concluded he had been found out, and disbanded his forces. Guahua and the others, their rendezvous having failed, turned informer on one another; more than ten households paid with their lives. Pei later did raid Shouchun, penetrated the outer wall, and withdrew. He then encamped at Lijiang and Liangcheng and raided the countryside day and night. Zhi then recommended Kan for command of the field army.

侃叔椿為雍州刺史，又請為其府錄事參軍，帶長安令，府州之務多所委決。及蕭寶夤等軍敗，北地功曹毛洪賓據郡引寇，抄掠渭北。侃啟椿自出討之。遂購募戰士，信宿之間得三千餘人，銜枚夜進，至馮翊郡西。賊見大軍卒至，眾情離解，洪賓遂通書送質，乞求自效。於是擒送宿勤明達兄子賊署南平王烏過仁。

Kan's uncle Chun became Governor of Yongzhou and again took Kan on as recording secretary of his staff, with concurrent appointment as magistrate of Chang'an; Kan was entrusted with much of the province's business. After Xiao Baoyin's defeat, Mao Hongbin, merit clerk of Beidi commandery, seized the district and invited raiders, who plundered north of the Wei. Kan urged Chun to take the field in person against them. He recruited fighting men and within two days had more than three thousand; they marched by night with gags in their mouths and reached western Fengyi commandery. The rebels, seeing the army appear so suddenly, lost heart; Hongbin sent letters and hostages offering to submit. They captured and sent off Wuguo Ren, nephew of Suqin Mingda, whom the rebels had made Prince of Nanping.

後雍州刺史蕭寶夤據州反，尚書僕射長孫稚討之，除侃鎮遠將軍、諫議大夫，為稚行臺左丞。尋轉通直散騎常侍。軍次弘農，侃白稚曰：「昔魏武與韓遂、馬超挾關為壘，勝負之理，久而無決。豈才雄相類，算略抗行，當以河山險阻，難用智力。今賊守潼關，全據形勝，縱曹操更出，亦無所騁奇。必須北取蒲坂，飛棹西岸，置兵死地，人有鬬心，華州之圍可不戰而解，潼關之賊必望風潰散。諸處既平，長安自克。愚計可錄，請為明公前驅。」稚曰：「薛脩義已圍河東，薛鳳賢又保安邑，都督宗正珍孫停師虞坂，久不能進，雖有此計，猶用為疑。」侃曰：「珍孫本行陳一夫，因緣進達，可為人使，未可使人。一旦受元帥之任，處分三軍，精神亂矣，寧堪圍賊。河東治在蒲坂，西帶河湄，所部之民，多在東境。脩義驅率壯勇，西圍郡邑，父老妻弱，尚保舊村，若率眾一臨，方寸各亂，人人思歸，則郡圍自解。不戰而勝，昭然在目。」稚從之，令其子彥等領騎與侃於弘農北渡。所領悉是騎士，習於野戰，未可攻城，便據石錐壁。侃乃班告曰：「今且停軍於此，以待步卒，兼觀民情向背，然後可行。若送降名者，各自還村，候臺軍舉烽火，各亦應之，以明降款。其無應烽者，即是不降之村，理須殄戮，賞賚軍士。」民遂轉相告報，未實降者，亦詐舉烽，一宿之間，火光遍數百里內。圍城之寇，不測所以，各自散歸，脩義亦即逃遁。長安平，侃頗有力。

Later, when Governor Xiao Baoyin rebelled and held Yongzhou, Zhangsun Zhi, Vice Director of the Secretariat, marched against him; Kan was made General Who Guards the Distance and Grand Master of Remonstrance and served as left aide on Zhi's field staff. He was soon transferred to Regular Attendant Direct and Upright. When the army reached Hongnong, Kan told Zhi, "Long ago Cao Cao fought Han Sui and Ma Chao with the Pass as their fortress; victory and defeat hung in the balance for a long time. Was it because their talents were evenly matched and their stratagems equal? No—it was because the rivers and mountains were formidable and strategy alone could not decide the issue. Now the rebels hold Tong Pass and occupy every advantage; even if Cao Cao himself returned, he could work no wonder there. We must seize Puban to the north, send swift boats to the west bank, and place our men where they must fight or die; then the siege of Huazhou will lift without a battle and the rebels at Tong Pass will break and flee. Once the outlying positions are secured, Chang'an will fall of itself. This plan is sound, I believe; let me lead the way for you." Zhi said, "Xue Xiuyi already besieges Hedong, Xue Fengxian holds Anyi, and Commander Zongzheng Zhensun is stuck at Yuban and cannot advance; though your plan is good, I still hesitate." Kan said, "Zhensun was originally a common soldier from Chen who rose by chance; others can command him, but he cannot command others. Give him command of an army and his wits desert him—how can such a man besiege the enemy? The seat of Hedong is at Puban on the west bank; most of its people live on the east bank. Xiuyi has driven the able-bodied west to besiege the towns, leaving the old and weak in their villages; march there once and every household will panic, every man will want to go home, and the siege will collapse without a fight. Victory without fighting is plain to see." Zhi agreed and sent his son Yan with cavalry to cross the river north of Hongnong with Kan. His force was all cavalry, trained for open battle and ill-suited to siege; they took position at Shizhui cliff. Kan then proclaimed, "We halt here to await the infantry and to see which way the people lean; only then will we move. Those who wish to surrender should return to their villages; when our army lights the beacon, each village that surrenders should answer with a fire of its own. Villages that do not answer are villages that refuse surrender; they must be destroyed and the troops rewarded." Word spread from village to village; even those who had not surrendered lit false beacon fires, and within a single night flames blazed across hundreds of li. The besiegers could not understand what was happening and melted away; Xiuyi fled as well. When Chang'an was pacified, Kan had contributed substantially.

建義初，除冠軍將軍、東雍州刺史。其年州罷，除中散大夫，為都督，鎮潼關。還朝，除右將軍、岐州刺史。屬元顥內逼，詔以本官假撫軍將軍為都督，率眾鎮大梁，未發，詔行北中郎將。孝莊徙御河北，執侃手曰：「朕停卿蕃寄移任此者，正為今日。但卿尊卑百口，若隨朕行，所累處大。卿可還洛，寄之後圖。」侃曰：「此誠陛下曲恩，寧可以臣微族，頓廢君臣之義。」固求陪從。至建州，敍行從功臣，自城陽王徽已下凡十人，並增三階。以侃河梁之誠，特加四階。侃固辭，乞同諸人，久乃見許。於是除鎮軍將軍、度支尚書、兼給事黃門侍郎，敷西縣開國公，食邑一千戶。

At the opening of the Jianyi era he was made General Champion and Governor of Eastern Yongzhou. That year the province was abolished; he was made Grand Master of Leisure and appointed commander to hold Tong Pass. On returning to court he was made General of the Right and Governor of Qizhou. When Yuan Hao threatened from within, Kan was ordered to keep his present rank while serving as acting Commander-in-Chief and General Who Pacifies the Army, to lead troops and hold Daliang; before he marched, he was made acting Northern Central Commander. Emperor Xiaozhuang withdrew north of the Yellow River, took Kan by the hand, and said, "I left you in your frontier post and then moved you here precisely for this moment. Yet your whole clan, high and low, numbers a hundred souls; if you come with me, the risk to them will be great. Return to Luoyang and we will plan what comes next." Kan said, "Your Majesty's kindness is extraordinary, but how could I, for the sake of my humble clan, cast aside my duty to my sovereign?" He insisted on accompanying the emperor. At Jianzhou the emperor rewarded those who had accompanied him on the flight; from Prince Chengyang Hui down, ten men in all were each raised three ranks. For Kan's loyalty at the River Bridge crossing, he was given four extra ranks. Kan declined and asked to be treated like the others; only after much persuasion was this allowed. He was then made General Who Guards the Army, Director of the Revenue Section, and concurrent Attendant of the Yellow Gate, ennobled as Duke of Fuxi with a fief of one thousand households.

及車駕南還，顥令蕭衍將陳慶之守北中城，自據南岸。有夏州義士為顥守河中渚，乃密信通款，求破橋立效，尒朱榮率軍赴之。及橋破，應接不果，皆為顥所屠滅。榮因悵然，將為還計，欲更圖後舉。侃曰：「未審明大王發并州之日，已知有夏州義士指來相應，為欲廣申經略，寧復帝基乎？夫兵散而更合，瘡愈而更戰，持此收功，自古不少，豈可以一圖不全，而眾慮頓廢。今事不果，乃是兩賊相殺，則大王之利矣。若今即還，民情失望，去就之心，何由可保？未若召發民材，[1]惟多縛筏，間以舟楫，沿河廣布，令數百里中，皆為渡勢。首尾既遠，顥復知防何處，一旦得渡，必立大功。」榮大笑曰：「黃門即奏行此計。」於是尒朱兆與侃等遂與馬渚諸楊南渡，[2]破顥子領軍將軍冠受，擒之。顥便南走。車駕入都，侃解尚書，正黃門，加征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫。以濟河之功，進爵濟北郡開國公，增邑五百戶，復除其長子師沖為祕書郎。

When the court returned south, Yuan Hao left Xiao Yan's general Chen Qingzhi to hold Beizhong fortress while he himself held the south bank. A Xiazhou loyalist holding a mid-river islet for Yuan Hao sent secret word offering to defect and destroy the bridge; Erzhu Rong marched to support him. The bridge was broken, but the rendezvous failed and Yuan Hao's forces slaughtered them all. Rong was cast down and prepared to withdraw, planning to try again later. Kan said, "When Your Lordship left Bingzhou, did you already know that Xiazhou men would come to your aid, or did you mean to recover the empire by force of arms? Armies scatter and regroup, wounds heal and men fight again—victory on that basis is common enough in history. How can one setback end the whole enterprise? This failure only means two enemies have destroyed each other—that works to your advantage. Withdraw now and the people will lose heart; who will then stay loyal to you? Better to mobilize the populace, bind rafts in great numbers, mix in boats, and spread them along the river for hundreds of li so that everywhere looks like a crossing in the making. Stretch the line far along the river and Yuan Hao will not know where to defend; cross once and you will win a great victory." Rong laughed and said, "Yellow Gate Attendant, submit that plan at once." Erzhu Zhao and Kan then crossed south with the Yang loyalists of Mazhu, defeated Yuan Hao's son Guanshou, commander of the van, and took him prisoner. Yuan Hao fled south. When the emperor entered the capital, Kan left the Ministry, became regular Yellow Gate Attendant, and was given the additional titles General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. For crossing the river he was raised to Duke of Jibei with five hundred additional households in his fief, and his eldest son Shichong was appointed Secretary.

時所用錢，人多私鑄，稍就薄小，乃至風飄水浮，米斗幾直一千。侃奏曰：「昔馬援至隴西，嘗上書求復五銖錢，事下三府，不許。及援徵入為虎賁中郎，親對光武申釋其趣，事始施行。臣頃在雍州，亦表陳其事，聽人與官並鑄五銖錢，使人樂為，而俗弊得改。旨下尚書，八座不許。以今況昔，即理不殊。求取臣前表，經御披析。」侃乃隨事剖辨，孝莊從之，乃鑄五銖錢，如侃所奏。

Coin in circulation was largely privately cast and grew ever thinner and lighter, until pieces would blow away in the wind or float on water; a dou of rice cost nearly a thousand cash. Kan memorialized, "Long ago, when Ma Yuan reached Longxi, he asked to restore the five-zhu coin; the Three Offices rejected the proposal. When Yuan was recalled as Tiger-Fierce Central Commander, he explained his reasoning to Emperor Guangwu in person, and only then was the reform adopted. When I was in Yongzhou I memorialized on the same point, proposing that private persons and the government alike be allowed to cast five-zhu coins so that people would comply willingly and the currency abuse would end. The order went to the Ministry, but the Eight Seats rejected it. The present case is no different in principle from the past. I ask that my earlier memorial be retrieved and considered by Your Majesty." Kan argued each point in detail; Emperor Xiaozhuang agreed and ordered five-zhu coins cast as Kan had proposed.

万俟醜奴陷東秦，遂圍岐州，扇誘巴蜀。大都督尒朱天光率眾西伐，詔侃以本官使持節、兼尚書僕射，為關右慰勞大使。還朝，除侍中，加衞將軍、右光祿大夫。

Moqi Chounu overran Eastern Qin and besieged Qizhou, stirring up revolt in Ba and Shu. Grand Commander Erzhu Tianguang marched west; Kan was ordered to keep his rank while serving with the Staff of Authority as concurrent Vice Director of the Secretariat and commissioner to comfort the troops west of the passes. On returning to court he was made Palace Attendant with the additional titles General of the Guards and Right Grand Master of Splendid Happiness.

莊帝將圖尒朱榮也，侃與其內弟李晞、城陽王徽、侍中李彧等，咸預密謀。尒朱兆之入洛也，侃時休沐，遂得潛竄，歸於華陰。普泰初，天光在關西，遣侃子婦父韋義遠招慰之，立盟許恕其罪。侃從兄昱恐為家禍，令侃出應，假其食言，不過一人身歿，冀全百口。侃往赴之，秋七月，為天光所害。太昌初，贈車騎將軍、儀同三司、幽州刺史。子純陀襲。

When Emperor Zhuang plotted against Erzhu Rong, Kan joined his brother-in-law Li Xi, Prince Chengyang Hui, Palace Attendant Li Yu, and others in the conspiracy. When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, Kan was on leave and managed to escape secretly to Huayin. Early in the Putai era, with Tianguang holding the west, he sent Kan's son's father-in-law Wei Yiyuan to offer terms and swear to pardon Kan's offense. Kan's cousin Yu, fearing for the clan, urged him to answer the summons, reckoning that if Tianguang broke his oath only one man would die and the rest of the family might be spared. Kan went; in the seventh month Tianguang killed him. Early in the Taichang era he was posthumously made General of Chariots and Cavalry, with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Youzhou. His son Chuntuo inherited the title.

播弟椿，字延壽，本字仲考，太和中與播俱蒙高祖賜改。性寬謹，初拜中散，典御廐曹，以端慎小心，專司醫藥，遷內給事，與兄播並侍禁闈。又領蘭臺行職，改授中部曹，[3]析訟公正，高祖嘉之。及文明太后崩，高祖五日不食。椿進諫曰：「陛下至性，孝過有虞，居哀五朝，水漿不御，羣下惶灼，莫知所言。陛下荷祖宗之業，臨萬國之重，豈可同匹夫之節，以取僵仆。且聖人之禮，毀不滅性，縱陛下欲自賢於萬代，其若宗廟何！」高祖感其言，乃一進粥。轉授宮輿曹少卿，加給事中。

Bo's younger brother Chun, styled Yanshou, had originally been styled Zhongkao; during the Taihe period he and Bo both received new names from Emperor Xiaowen. He was by nature steady and cautious. On first appointment he was Palace Attendant in charge of the imperial stables; for his reliability he was put in charge of the medical service, then promoted to Inner Attendant, serving in the inner palace alongside his brother Bo. He also held provisional duties at the Orchid Terrace and was reassigned to the central bureau, where his fair adjudication won the emperor's praise. When Empress Dowager Wenming died, Emperor Xiaowen fasted for five days. Chun remonstrated, "Your Majesty's filial devotion surpasses even that of Emperor Shun; for five days you have taken neither food nor drink, and your servants are beside themselves with fear. You bear the legacy of your ancestors and the weight of the empire—how can you follow a commoner's mourning and risk collapse? The sages taught that mourning must not destroy life itself; even if you wish to be praised by posterity, what will become of the ancestral temple?" The emperor was moved and took a bowl of gruel. He was made Vice-Director of the Imperial Carriages Section with the additional title Attendant.

出為安遠將軍、豫州刺史。高祖自洛向豫，幸其州館信宿，賜馬十匹、縑千匹。遷冠軍將軍、濟州刺史。高祖自鍾離趣鄴，至碻磝，[4]幸其州館，又賜馬二匹、縑千五百匹。坐為平原太守崔敞所訟，廷尉論輒收市利，費用官炭，免官。後降為寧朔將軍、梁州刺史。

He was sent out as General Who Pacifies the Distant and Governor of Yuzhou. Traveling from Luoyang toward Yu, Emperor Xiaowen stayed two nights at Chun's provincial residence and gave him ten horses and a thousand bolts of silk. He was transferred to General Champion and Governor of Jizhou. On the march from Zhongli toward Ye, the emperor stopped at Que'ao, visited Chun's residence again, and gave him two more horses and fifteen hundred bolts of silk. Administrator Cui Chang of Pingyuan sued him; the Court of Justice found that he had repeatedly profited from market transactions and used official fuel, and he was dismissed. He was later demoted to General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Liangzhou.

初，武興王楊集始為楊靈珍所破，降於蕭鸞。至是，率賊萬餘自漢中而北，規復舊土。椿領步騎五千出頓下辨，貽書集始，開以利害。集始執書對使者曰：「楊使君此書，除我心腹之疾。」遂領其部曲千餘人來降。尋以母老，解還。後武都氐楊會反，假椿節、冠軍將軍、都督西征諸軍事、行梁州刺史，與軍司羊祉討破之。於後梁州運糧，為羣氐劫奪，詔椿兼征虜將軍，持節招慰。尋以氐叛，拜光祿大夫，假平西將軍，督征討諸軍事以討之。還，兼太僕卿。

Earlier, Prince Yang Jishi of Wuxing had been defeated by Yang Lingzhen and submitted to Xiao Luan of Qi. Now he led more than ten thousand followers north from Hanzhong, intending to recover his former lands. Chun led five thousand infantry and cavalry to Xiabian and sent Jishi a letter setting out the costs and benefits of resistance. Jishi took the letter and told the envoy, "Commissioner Yang's letter has lifted the trouble from my heart." He then brought more than a thousand of his followers in to surrender. Soon afterward he was relieved of command and returned home because his mother was elderly. Later the Di chieftain Yang Hui of Wudu rebelled; Chun was given the Staff, the title General Champion, command of the western expedition, and acting governorship of Liangzhou; with Army Supervisor Yang Zhi he defeated the rebels. Later, when grain convoys from Liangzhou were raided by Di bands, Chun was ordered to serve concurrently as General Who Subdues the Barbarians and sent with the Staff to negotiate. When the Di rebelled again he was made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and acting General Who Pacifies the West, with overall command of the punitive campaign. On his return he was made concurrent Director of the Imperial Stud.

秦州羌呂苟兒、涇州屠各陳瞻等聚眾反，詔椿為別將，隸安西將軍元麗討之。賊入隴，守蹊自固。或謀伏兵山徑，斷其出入，待糧盡而攻之；或云斬除山木，縱火焚之，然後進討。椿曰：「並非計也。此本規盜，非有經略，自王師一至，無戰不摧，所以深竄者，正避死耳。今宜勒三軍，勿更侵掠，賊必謂我見險不前，心輕我軍，然後掩其不備，可一舉而平矣。」乃緩師不進，賊果出掠，乃以軍中驢馬餌之，不加討逐。如是多日，陰簡精卒，銜枚夜襲，斬瞻傳首。入正太僕卿，加安東將軍。

Lü Gou'er the Qiang of Qinzhou and Chen Zhan the Tuyuhun of Jingzhou rose in revolt; Chun was made a separate commander under General Who Pacifies the West Yuan Li. The rebels withdrew into Long province and held the mountain passes. Some proposed ambushing the mountain paths, cutting off their supplies, and attacking when their food ran out; others proposed felling the trees, burning the slopes, and then advancing. Chun said, "Neither plan will do. These are mere bandits without real strategy; since our army arrived they have lost every battle—they have gone to ground only to save their skins. Order the army to cease raiding; the rebels will think we fear the terrain and despise us—then strike when they are off guard and we can finish them in one blow." He held the army back; the rebels came out to raid, and he let them take the army's pack animals without pursuit. After many days of this he secretly picked elite troops, attacked by night with gags in their mouths, killed Chen Zhan, and sent his head. He entered court as regular Director of the Imperial Stud and was given the additional title General Who Pacifies the East.

初，顯祖世有蠕蠕萬餘戶降附，居於高平、薄骨律二鎮，太和之末，叛走略盡，唯有一千餘家。太中大夫王通、高平鎮將郎育等，求徙置淮北，防其叛走。詔許之，慮不從命，乃使椿持節往徙焉。椿以為徙之無益，上書曰：「臣以古人有言：裔不謀夏，夷不亂華。荒忽之人，覊縻而已。是以先朝居之於荒服之間者，正欲悅近來遠，招附殊俗，亦以別華戎、異內外也。今新附者眾，若舊者見徙，新者必不安。不安必思土，思土則走叛。狐死首丘，其害方甚。又此族類，衣毛食肉，樂冬便寒。南土濕熱，往必將盡。進失歸伏之心，退非藩衞之益。徙在中夏，而生後患，愚心所見，謂為不可。」時八座議不從，遂徙於濟州緣河居之。冀州元愉之難，果悉浮河赴賊，所在鈔掠，如椿所策。

Earlier, in the reign of Emperor Xianzu, more than ten thousand Rouran households had submitted and been settled at the garrisons of Gaoping and Boguli; by the end of Taihe most had fled, and only a little over a thousand households remained. Wang Tong, Grand Master of Palace Counsel, Lang Yu, commander of Gaoping garrison, and others asked that the remnant be moved north of the Huai to prevent further defection. The court approved, but fearing resistance sent Chun with the Staff to carry out the relocation. Chun argued that relocation would do no good and memorialized, "The ancients said that outsiders should not meddle in the affairs of the Central States, nor barbarians disturb the civilized realm. Such wild peoples are fit only to be kept on loose reins. That is why the former court settled them on the frontier—to draw the near and win the far, to attach foreign peoples, and to mark the line between Chinese and barbarian, inner and outer. Many new submitters have lately arrived; if the older groups are moved, the newcomers will grow uneasy. Unease breeds homesickness, and homesickness breeds defection. As the proverb says, the fox turns its head toward its mound at death—the harm will be grave indeed. Moreover these people wear furs and eat meat; they thrive in cold and suffer in heat. The south is damp and hot; move them there and they will perish. We would lose their loyalty and gain nothing for frontier defense. To move them into the heartland and breed future trouble is, in my view, unwise." The Eight Seats rejected his advice and settled the Rouran along the river in Jizhou. During Yuan Yu's rebellion in Jizhou they crossed the river to join the rebels and raided the countryside, exactly as Chun had predicted.

永平初，徐州城人成景儁以宿預叛，詔椿率眾四萬討之，不克而返。久之，除都督朔州撫冥武川懷朔三鎮三道諸軍事、平北將軍、朔州刺史。在州，為廷尉奏椿前為太僕卿日，招引細人，盜種牧田三百四十頃，依律處刑五歲。尚書邢巒，據正始別格奏椿罪應除名為庶人，注籍盜門，同籍合門不仕。世宗以新律既班，不宜雜用舊制，詔依寺斷，聽以贖論。尋加撫軍將軍，入除都官尚書，監修白溝堤堰。復以本將軍除定州刺史。

Early in Yongping, Cheng Jingjun of Xuzhou rebelled and seized Suyu; Chun was ordered to lead forty thousand men against him but failed and withdrew. After some time he was made commander of the three northern garrison routes of Shuozhou, Fuming, Wuchuan, and Huaishuo, General Who Pacifies the North, and Governor of Shuozhou. While in office the Court of Justice reported that during Chun's tenure as Director of the Imperial Stud he had recruited commoners to plant three hundred forty qing of pasture land illegally; by law he was sentenced to five years' penal servitude. Director Xing Luan, citing the Zhengshi supplementary statutes, argued that Chun should be struck from the rolls, reduced to commoner status, and registered in the robber category, barring his entire household from office. Emperor Shizong held that with the new code in force the old statutes should not apply; he ordered the Court's judgment followed and allowed Chun to redeem his sentence. He was soon made General Who Pacifies the Army, recalled as Director of the Capital Offices, and put in charge of repairing the Baigou dikes. He was again appointed Governor of Dingzhou while retaining his general's rank.

自太祖平中山，多置軍府，以相威攝。凡有八軍，軍各配兵五千，食祿主帥軍各四十六人。自中原稍定，八軍之兵，漸割南戍，一軍兵纔千餘，然主帥如故，費祿不少。椿表罷四軍，減其帥百八十四人。州有宗子稻田，屯兵八百戶，年常發夫三千，草三百車，修補畦堰。椿以屯兵惟輸此田課，更無徭役，及至閑月，即應修治，不容復勞百姓，椿亦表罷。朝廷從之。椿在州，因治黑山道餘功，伐木私造佛寺，役使兵力，為御史所劾，除名為庶人。

After Emperor Taizu conquered Zhongshan, the court established numerous army offices to keep one another in check. There were eight armies in all, each with five thousand troops and forty-six salaried commanders. As the Central Plains grew more secure, troops from the eight armies were gradually shifted to southern garrisons until each army had barely a thousand men, while the full complement of commanders remained on the payroll. Chun submitted a memorial proposing to disband four armies and cut one hundred eighty-four commanders. The province maintained imperial clan rice fields worked by eight hundred garrison households; every year three thousand corvée laborers and three hundred cartloads of fodder were levied to repair the dikes and irrigation works. Chun argued that the garrison troops owed only the field tax and no other corvée service, and that in slack seasons they should handle repairs themselves rather than burden the populace again; he memorialized to abolish the practice. The court approved. While serving as governor, Chun used leftover labor from the Heishan road project to cut timber and build a private Buddhist temple, employing soldiers in the work; the censor impeached him, and he was struck from the rolls and reduced to commoner status.

正光五年，除輔國將軍、南秦州刺史。時南秦州反叛，路又阻塞，仍停長安。轉授岐州，復除撫軍將軍、衞尉卿。轉左衞將軍，又兼尚書右僕射，馳驛詣并肆，齎絹三萬匹，募召恒朔流民，揀充軍士。不行。尋加衞將軍，出除都督雍南豳二州諸軍事、本將軍、雍州刺史，又進號車騎大將軍、儀同三司。蕭寶夤、元恒芝諸軍為賊所敗，恒芝從渭北東渡，椿使追之，不止。寶夤後至，留於逍遙園內，收集將士，猶得萬餘，由是三輔人心，頗得安帖。于時，涇岐及豳悉已陷賊，扶風以西，非復國有。椿乃鳩募內外，得七千餘人，遣兄子錄事參軍侃率以防禦。詔椿以本官加侍中、兼尚書右僕射為行臺，節度關西諸將，其統內五品已下、郡縣須有補用者，任即擬授。椿遇暴疾，頻啟乞解。詔許之，以蕭寶夤代椿為刺史、行臺。

In the fifth year of Zhengguang he was appointed General Who Assists the State and Governor of Southern Qinzhou. Southern Qinzhou was in rebellion and the roads were impassable, so he remained at Chang'an. The post was reassigned to Qizhou, and he was again made General Who Pacifies the Army and Commandant of the Guard. He was made General of the Left Guard and concurrently Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, then dispatched by post relay to Bingzhou with thirty thousand bolts of silk to recruit displaced people from the Heng and Shuo region and draft them as soldiers. He did not go. He was soon made General of the Guard and sent out as commander of military affairs in Yongzhou and Southern Binzhou, Governor of Yongzhou, and then promoted to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry with the Three Precedence of Honor. The armies of Xiao Baoyin, Yuan Hengzhi, and others were routed by the rebels; Hengzhi fled east across the Wei from its north bank, and though Chun sent pursuers after him, he would not halt. Baoyin arrived afterward and took refuge in Xiaoyao Garden, where he gathered officers and soldiers until he still had more than ten thousand men; this helped steady public morale in the Three Adjuncts. By then Jingzhou, Qizhou, and Binzhou had all fallen to the rebels, and everything west of Fufeng was lost to the dynasty. Chun then raised more than seven thousand men from inside and outside the city and sent his nephew Kan, a record-keeping staff officer, to lead them in defense. An edict made Chun mobile headquarters commander with his existing titles plus Palace Attendant and concurrent Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, giving him authority over the generals west of the passes and the power to appoint officials of fifth rank and below throughout his jurisdiction as needed. Chun fell gravely ill and repeatedly petitioned to resign. The court granted his request and replaced him with Xiao Baoyin as governor and mobile headquarters commander.

椿還鄉里，遇子昱將還京師，因謂曰：「當今雍州刺史亦不賢於蕭寶夤，[5]但其上佐，朝廷應遣心膂重人，何得任其牒用？此乃聖朝百慮之一失。且寶夤不藉刺史為榮，吾觀其得州，喜悅不少，至於賞罰云為，不依常憲，恐有異心。關中可惜。汝今赴京，稱吾此意，以啟二聖，并白宰輔，更遣長史、司馬、防城都督。欲安關中，正須三人耳。如其不遣，必成深憂。」昱還，面啟肅宗及靈太后，並不信納。及寶夤邀害御史中尉酈道元，猶上表自理，稱為椿父子所謗。詔復除椿都督雍岐南豳三州諸軍事、本將軍、開府儀同三司、雍州刺史、討蜀大都督。椿辭以老病，不行。

On returning home Chun met his son Yu, who was heading back to the capital, and said to him: "The current Governor of Yongzhou is no better than Xiao Baoyin, [5] but for his senior staff the court should send men it truly trusts. How can he be allowed to appoint whomever he chooses? That is one mistake among the court's many deliberations. Besides, Baoyin does not need the governorship for prestige, yet I saw how pleased he was to receive the post; his rewards, punishments, and conduct do not follow regular law, and I fear he has ulterior motives. It would be a tragedy to lose Guanzhong. When you reach the capital, convey my views to the Two Sovereigns and inform the chief ministers that they should send a chief clerk, a marshal, and a city-defense commander. Securing Guanzhong requires only these three men. If they are not sent, grave trouble will follow. Yu returned and reported Chun's warning directly to Emperor Suzong and Empress Dowager Ling, but neither believed him. When Baoyin ambushed and killed Censor-in-Chief Li Daoyuan, he still submitted a memorial in his own defense, claiming he had been slandered by Chun and his son. An edict reappointed Chun commander of military affairs in Yongzhou, Qizhou, and Southern Binzhou, Governor of Yongzhou, Grand General with the Three Precedence of Honor and an open office, and Grand Commander for the Campaign against Shu. Chun declined on grounds of age and illness and did not take up the post.

建義元年，遷司徒公。尒朱榮東討葛榮，詔椿統眾為後軍，榮擒葛榮，乃止。永安初，進位太保、侍中，給後部鼓吹。元顥入洛，椿子征東將軍昱出鎮滎陽，為顥所擒。又椿弟順為冀州刺史，順子仲宣正平太守，兄子侃、弟子遁並從駕河北，為顥嫌疑。以椿家世顯重，恐失人望，未及加罪。時人助其憂怖，或有勸椿攜家避禍。椿曰：「吾內外百口，何處逃竄？正當坐任運耳。」

In the first year of Jianyi he was made Duke of the Masters of Writing. When Erzhu Rong marched east against Ge Rong, Chun was ordered to command the rear guard; he halted once Rong captured Ge Rong. Early in Yong'an he was promoted to Grand Mentor and Palace Attendant and granted the honor of rear guard musical accompaniment. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Chun's son Yu, General Who Conquers the East, was garrisoning Xingyang and was captured by Hao. Chun's younger brother Shun was Governor of Jizhou; Shun's son Zhongxuan was Administrator of Zhengping; and Chun's nephews Kan and Dun had followed the emperor north of the Yellow River—all came under Hao's suspicion. Because the Chun family was too prominent to alienate, Hao did not yet punish them. Others shared their fear, and some urged Chun to flee with his family to escape disaster. Chun said, "With a household of a hundred souls, where could we flee? We can only sit and accept whatever comes."

莊帝還宮，椿每辭遜，不許。上書頻乞歸老，詔曰：「椿國之老成，方所尊尚，遽以高年，願言致仕，顧懷舊德，是以未從。但告謁頻煩，辭理彌固，以茲難奪，又所重違，今便允其雅志。可服侍中朝服，賜服一具、衣一襲、八尺床帳、几杖，不朝，乘安車，駕駟馬，給扶，傳詔二人，仰所在郡縣，時以禮存問安否。方乖詢訪，良用憮然。」椿奉詔於華林園，帝下御座執椿手流淚曰：「公，先帝舊臣，實為元老，今四方未寧，理須諮訪。但高尚其志，決意不留，既難相違，深用悽愴。」椿亦歔欷，欲拜，莊帝親執不聽。於是賜以絹布，給羽林衞送，羣公百僚餞於城西張方橋，行路觀者，莫不稱歎。

After Emperor Zhuang returned to the palace, Chun repeatedly tried to resign, but the emperor would not allow it. He repeatedly petitioned to retire, and an edict replied: "Chun is a pillar of the state whom we honor and esteem; though he now wishes to retire in his old age, we have held back out of regard for his long service. Yet your petitions have been frequent and your resolve firm; though we hesitate to let you go, we now grant your wish. He may wear Palace Attendant court dress, and is granted a set of robes, a suit of clothing, an eight-foot bed with canopy, a table, and a staff; he need not attend court but may travel in a comfort carriage drawn by four horses with attendants, accompanied by two imperial messengers; the local commandery and county are charged to inquire after his health according to ritual. We are deeply grieved to lose your counsel." Chun received the edict at Hualin Garden. The emperor left his seat, took Chun's hand, and with tears said, "You are a veteran minister of the late emperor and a true elder of the court; with the realm still unsettled, we need your counsel. Yet you hold to your lofty resolve and will not stay; though we cannot refuse you, our heart is full of sorrow. Chun wept as well; when he tried to bow, Emperor Zhuang held him back and would not permit it. He was granted silk and cloth and escorted by the Feathered Forest Guard; lords and officials saw him off at Zhangfang Bridge west of the city, and all who watched along the road marveled.

椿臨行，誡子孫曰：

Before departing, Chun admonished his descendants:

我家入魏之始，即為上客，給田宅，賜奴婢、馬牛羊，遂成富室。自爾至今二十年，二千石、方伯不絕，祿恤甚多。至於親姻知故，吉凶之際，必厚加贈襚；來往賓僚，必以酒肉飲食。是故親姻朋友無憾焉。國家初，丈夫好服綵色。吾雖不記上谷翁時事，然記清河翁時服飾，恒見翁著布衣韋帶，常約敕諸父曰：「汝等後世，脫若富貴於今日者，慎勿積金一斤、綵帛百匹已上，用為富也。」又不聽治生求利，又不聽與勢家作婚姻。至吾兄弟，不能遵奉。今汝等服乘，以漸華好，吾是以知恭儉之德，漸不如上世也。又吾兄弟，若在家，必同盤而食，若有近行，不至，必待其還，亦有過中不食，忍飢相待。吾兄弟八人，今存者有三，是故不忍別食也。又願畢吾兄弟世，不異居、異財，汝等眼見，非為虛假。如聞汝等兄弟，時有別齋獨食者，此又不如吾等一世也。吾今日不為貧賤，然居住舍宅不作壯麗華飾者，正慮汝等後世不賢，不能保守之，方為勢家作奪。

When our family first entered Wei we were treated as honored guests: we were granted fields and houses, given slaves, horses, cattle, and sheep, and soon became a wealthy household. In the twenty years since, our family has held one governorship or regional post after another, with generous salaries and stipends. For relatives and old friends, we have always given generously at weddings, funerals, and other occasions; and we have always entertained visiting guests and colleagues with food and wine. That is why our kin and friends have had no cause for complaint. In the early days of the dynasty, men liked to dress in bright colors. I do not remember Lord Shanggu's day, but I remember how Lord Qinghe dressed: he always wore plain cloth and a leather belt, and often warned the elders, "If you later become as wealthy as we are today, do not hoard more than one jin of gold or one hundred bolts of colored silk. He forbade us to pursue profit in business or to marry into powerful families. My brothers and I failed to follow his teaching. Your dress and mounts have grown finer with each generation, and I can see that the virtue of humility and thrift has declined from our forebears' day. When we brothers were at home we always ate from the same dish; if one of us was away on a short trip, the rest waited for his return, sometimes going hungry past midday rather than eat without him. We were eight brothers, and only three of us remain; that is why we could not bear to eat apart. I also hoped that throughout our generation we would never live apart or divide our property; you have seen this yourselves—it is no empty claim. I hear that some of you brothers now take separate meals; even in this you fall short of our generation. I am not poor today, yet I keep my house plain because I fear that if later generations prove unworthy they will not be able to hold on to a grand estate and powerful families will seize it.

北都時，朝法嚴急。太和初，吾兄弟三人並居內職，兄在高祖左右，吾與津在文明太后左右。于時口敕，責諸內官，十日仰密得一事，不列便大瞋嫌。諸人多有依敕密列者，亦有太后、高祖中間傳言構間者。吾兄弟自相誡曰：「今忝二聖近臣，母子間甚難，宜深慎之。又列人事，亦何容易，縱被瞋責，慎勿輕言。」十餘年中，不嘗言一人罪過，當時大被嫌責。答曰：「臣等非不聞人言，正恐不審，仰誤聖聽，是以不敢言。」於後終以不言蒙賞。及二聖間言語，終不敢輒爾傳通。太和二十一年，吾從濟州來朝，在清徽堂豫讌。高祖謂諸王、諸貴曰：「北京之日，太后嚴明，吾每得杖，左右因此有是非言語。和朕母子者唯楊椿兄弟。」遂舉賜四兄及我酒。汝等脫若萬一蒙時主知遇，宜深慎言語，不可輕論人惡也。

When the court was at the Northern Capital, palace discipline was severe. Early in Taihe all three of us brothers held inner court posts: my elder brother served Emperor Gaozu, while Jin and I served Empress Dowager Wenming. At that time an oral edict charged the inner officials to uncover one secret within ten days; failure to report brought immediate wrath. Many officials secretly informed as ordered, and some carried words between the empress dowager and Emperor Gaozu to sow discord. We brothers warned one another: "We serve both sovereigns as close ministers; the space between mother and son is perilous, and we must be exceedingly careful. Reporting on others is no easy matter; even if we are rebuked for silence, we must not speak rashly. For more than ten years we never reported anyone's faults, and at the time we were sharply rebuked for it. We answered, "It is not that we hear nothing, but we fear we may not have verified what we hear and would mislead Your Majesties—so we dare not speak. In the end we were rewarded for our silence. We never dared casually relay words between the Two Sovereigns. In the twenty-first year of Taihe I came to court from Jizhou and attended a banquet in Qinghui Hall. Emperor Gaozu said to the princes and nobles, "In the days at the Northern Capital the empress dowager was strict; I was often beaten with the staff, and those around me would speak ill of her. Only the brothers Yang Chun never set mother and son against each other. He then raised his cup and granted wine to my four elder brothers and me. If by chance you should win a ruler's favor, be deeply cautious in speech and never lightly speak ill of others.

吾自惟文武才藝、門望姻援不勝他人，一旦位登侍中、尚書，四歷九卿，十為刺史，光祿大夫、儀同、開府、司徒、太保，津今復為司空者，正由忠貞，小心謹慎，口不嘗論人過，無貴無賤，待之以禮，以是故至此耳。聞汝等學時俗人，乃有坐而待客者，有驅馳勢門者，有輕論人惡者，及見貴勝則敬重之，見貧賤則慢易之，此人行之大失，立身之大病也。汝家仕皇魏以來，高祖以下乃有七郡太守、三十二州刺史，內外顯職，時流少比。汝等若能存禮節，不為奢淫驕慢，假不勝人，足免尤誚，足成名家。吾今年始七十五，自惟氣力，尚堪朝覲天子，所以孜孜求退者，正欲使汝等知天下滿足之義，為一門法耳，非是苟求千載之名也。汝等能記吾言，百年之後，終無恨矣。

I know I have never surpassed others in talent, family standing, or marriage connections, yet I rose to Palace Attendant and Director of the Masters of Writing, served four times among the Nine Ministers and ten times as governor, and reached Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, the Three Precedence of Honor, an open office, Duke of the Masters of Writing, and Grand Mentor; Jin is now Minister of Works—all because we were loyal, cautious, never spoke of others' faults, and treated everyone, high or low, with courtesy. I hear that in imitating worldly ways some of you sit idly waiting on guests, some rush to curry favor with the powerful, and some speak lightly of others' faults; you respect the eminent and despise the poor—such conduct is a grave moral failure. Since our family entered Wei service, from Emperor Gaozu's day down we have produced seven commandery administrators and thirty-two provincial governors—few families of the age can match our record of high office. If you preserve propriety and avoid extravagance, debauchery, arrogance, and insolence, even if you never surpass others you will avoid reproach and preserve the family's name. I am only seventy-five, and still strong enough to attend court; I seek retirement so zealously only to teach you the meaning of contentment and to set a standard for our house—not to chase a name that will last a thousand years. If you remember what I say, you will have no regrets a hundred years from now.

椿還華陰踰年，普泰元年七月，為尒朱天光所害，年七十七，時人莫不冤痛之。太昌初，贈都督冀定殷相四州諸軍事、太師、丞相、冀州刺史。

More than a year after returning to Huayin, Chun was killed by Erzhu Tianguang in the seventh month of the first year of Putai, at the age of seventy-seven; all who heard of it grieved at the injustice. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored as commander of military affairs in Jizhou, Dingzhou, Yinzhou, and Xiangzhou, Grand Preceptor, Chancellor, and Governor of Jizhou.

子昱，字元晷。起家廣平王懷左常侍，懷好武事，數出遊獵，昱每規諫。正始中，以京兆、廣平二王國臣，多有縱恣，公行屬請，於是詔御史中尉崔亮窮治之，伏法於都市者三十餘人，其不死者悉除名為民。唯昱與博陵崔楷以忠諫得免。後除太學博士、員外散騎侍郎。

His son Yu, styled Yuangui. He began his career as Left Attendant to Prince Huai of Guangping; the prince loved military sport and often went hunting, and Yu repeatedly remonstrated with him. During Zhengshi many retainers of the Jingzhao and Guangping princely establishments ran wild and openly traded on influence; Censor-in-Chief Cui Liang was ordered to investigate. More than thirty were executed in the capital market, and the rest were struck from the rolls and reduced to commoners. Only Yu and Cui Kai of Boling were spared because their loyal remonstrance had kept them clear of wrongdoing. He was later appointed Erudite of the Imperial Academy and Supernumerary Gentleman Attendant at Large.

初，尚書令王肅除揚州刺史，出頓於洛陽東亭，朝貴畢集，詔令諸王送別，昱伯父播同在餞席。酒酣之後，廣陽王嘉、北海王詳等與播論議競理，播不為之屈。北海顧謂昱曰：「尊伯性剛，不伏理，大不如尊使君也。」昱前對曰：「昱父道隆則從其隆，道洿則從其洿；伯父剛則不吐，柔亦不茹。」一坐歎其能言。肅曰：「非此郎，何得申二公之美也。」

When Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Su was appointed Governor of Yangzhou and paused at Luoyang East Pavilion on his way out, the court nobility gathered for his farewell; an edict ordered the princes to see him off, and Yu's uncle Bo was among those at the banquet. After the wine had flowed freely, Prince Jia of Guangyang, Prince Xiang of Beihai, and others debated Bo in spirited argument, but Bo would not yield. Prince Xiang of Beihai turned to Yu and said, "Your uncle is stubborn and will not bow to reason—far inferior to your father. Yu stepped forward and replied, "My father follows the high road when it is high and the low road when it is low; My uncle, when hard, will not yield; when soft, will not be imposed upon." The whole assembly marveled at his wit. Su said, "Without this young man, who could have brought out the excellence of those two men?"

延昌三年，以本官帶詹事丞。于時，肅宗在懷抱之中，至於出入，左右乳母而已，不令宮僚聞知。昱諫曰：「陛下不以臣等凡淺，備位宮臣，太子動止，宜令翼從。然自此以來，輕爾出入，進無二傅輔導之美，退闕羣僚陪侍之式，非所謂示民軌儀，著君臣之義。陛下若召太子，必降手敕，令臣下咸知，為後世法。」於是詔曰：「自今已後，若非朕手敕，勿令兒輒出。宮臣在直者，從至萬歲門。」

In the third year of Yanchang, he was given the additional post of Assistant to the Grand Tutor while keeping his existing rank. At that time Emperor Suzong was still an infant in arms. Whenever he went out or came in, only the wet nurses at his side attended him, and the palace staff were kept from knowing. Yu remonstrated, "Your Majesty did not deem us unworthy when you appointed us as palace officials. The Crown Prince's comings and goings ought to be attended by us. Yet since then he has come and gone with little ceremony. When he goes out, he lacks the tutelage of the two mentors; when he returns, he lacks the formal attendance of the assembled officials. This is not what it means to show the people proper conduct and to make clear the bond between ruler and minister. If Your Majesty summons the Crown Prince, you should issue a personal edict so that all your officials know of it and so that posterity may have a model to follow." An edict was then issued: "From this day forward, unless I personally command it, the boy is not to go out at will. Palace officials on duty shall accompany him as far as the Gate of Eternal Life."

久之，轉太尉掾，兼中書舍人。靈太后嘗從容謂昱曰：「今帝年幼，朕親萬機，然自薄德化不能感親姻，在外不稱人心，卿有所聞，慎勿諱隱。」昱於是奏揚州刺史李崇五車載貨，恒州刺史楊鈞造銀食器十具，並餉領軍元叉。靈太后召叉夫妻泣而責之。叉深恨之。昱第六叔舒妻，武昌王和之妹，和即叉之從祖父。舒早喪，有一男六女，及終喪而元氏頻請別居。昱父椿乃集親姻泣而謂曰：「我弟不幸早終，今男未婚，女未嫁，何怱怱便求離居？」不聽。遂懷憾焉。神龜二年，瀛州民劉宣明謀反，事覺逃竄。叉乃使和及元氏誣告昱藏隱宣明，云：「父定州刺史椿、叔華州刺史津，並送甲仗三百具，謀圖不逞。」叉又構成其事。乃遣左右御仗五百人，夜圍昱宅而收之，並無所獲。靈太后問其狀，昱具對元氏遘釁之端，言至哀切。太后乃解昱縛，和及元氏並處死刑，而叉相左右，和直免官，元氏卒亦不坐。及元叉之廢，太后乃出昱為濟陰內史。中山王熙起兵於鄴，叉遣黃門盧同詣鄴刑熙，并窮黨與。同希叉旨，就郡鎖昱赴鄴，訊百日，後乃還任。

After some time he was transferred to clerk of the Grand Commandant and concurrently appointed secretary in the Secretariat. Empress Dowager Ling once spoke to Yu at her ease: "The Emperor is still young, and I attend to all affairs of state myself. Yet my virtue is slight, and I cannot move my own kin; abroad they do not win people's hearts. If you hear anything, take care not to hide it from me. Yu then memorialized that Li Chong, Governor of Yangzhou, had sent five cartloads of goods, and Yang Jun, Governor of Hengzhou, had had ten sets of silver dining vessels made, all as gifts to the chief commander Yuan Cha. Empress Dowager Ling summoned Yuan Cha and his wife and rebuked them through her tears. Cha came to hate him bitterly. The wife of Yu's sixth uncle Shu was the younger sister of the Prince of Wuchang, He, who was Cha's grand-uncle. Shu had died young, leaving one son and six daughters. When the mourning period ended, the Yuan family repeatedly asked to set up a separate household. Yu's father Chun gathered the kinfolk and, weeping, said, "My younger brother died untimely. His son is not yet married and his daughters not yet betrothed—why this haste to live apart? They would not listen. From this they nursed a grievance. In the second year of Shengui, Liu Xuanming, a commoner of Yingzhou, plotted rebellion. When the plot was discovered, he fled. Cha then had He and the Yuan family lodge a false accusation that Yu was harboring Xuanming, saying, "His father Chun, Governor of Dingzhou, and his uncle Jin, Governor of Huazhou, each sent three hundred sets of armor and weapons in a failed plot of rebellion. Cha also fabricated the entire affair. He then sent five hundred of his personal guards, who by night surrounded Yu's house to arrest him, but found nothing. Empress Dowager Ling questioned the circumstances. Yu answered in full regarding how the Yuan family had provoked the trouble, speaking with the utmost grief and earnestness. The Empress Dowager then released Yu from his bonds. He and the Yuan family were both sentenced to death, but with Cha's influence on either side, He was merely dismissed from office and the Yuan family in the end went unpunished. When Yuan Cha was deposed, the Empress Dowager sent Yu out to serve as Internal Administrator of Jiyin. The Prince of Zhongshan, Xi, raised troops at Ye. Cha sent Palace Attendant Lu Tong to Ye to execute Xi and to pursue his accomplices to the end. Tong, eager to please Cha, had Yu seized in the commandery and taken to Ye. After a hundred days of interrogation, Yu was at last returned to his post.

孝昌初，除征虜將軍、中書侍郎，遷給事黃門侍郎。時北鎮饑民二十餘萬，詔昱為使，分散於冀、定、瀛三州就食。後賊圍豳州，詔昱兼侍中，持節催西北道大都督、北海王顥，仍隨軍監察。豳州圍解。雍州蜀賊張映龍、姜神達知州內空虛，謀欲攻掩，刺史元脩義懼而請援，一日一夜，書移九通。都督李叔仁遲疑不赴。昱曰：「長安，關中基本。今大軍頓在涇豳，與賊相對，若使長安不守，大軍自然瓦散，此軍雖往，有何益也！」遂與叔仁等俱進，於陳斬神達及諸賊四百許人，餘悉奔散。詔以昱受旨催督，而顥軍稽緩，遂免昱官。乃兼侍中催軍。尋除征虜將軍、涇州刺史。未幾，昱父椿出為雍州刺史，徵昱還，除吏部郎中、武衞將軍，轉北中郎將，加安東將軍。及蕭寶夤等敗於關中，以昱兼七兵尚書、持節、假撫軍將軍、都督，防守雍州。昱遇賊失利而返。除度支尚書，轉撫軍、徐州刺史，尋除鎮東將軍、假車騎將軍、東南道都督，又加散騎常侍。

At the beginning of Xiaochang he was appointed General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Secretariat Gentleman, then promoted to Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. At that time more than two hundred thousand starving people from the northern garrisons needed relief. An edict appointed Yu as envoy to disperse them across Ji, Ding, and Ying to find food. Later, when bandits besieged Binzhou, Yu was appointed concurrent Palace Attendant, bearing the staff to urge on the Grand Commander of the Northwest Route, the Prince of Beihai, Hao, and he continued with the army as inspector. The siege of Binzhou was lifted. In Yongzhou, the Shu bandits Zhang Yinglong and Jiang Shenda, knowing the province was hollowed out within, plotted a surprise attack. Governor Yuan Xiuyi, in fear, requested relief, sending nine dispatches in a single day and night. The area commander Li Shuren hesitated and would not go. Yu said, "Chang'an is the foundation of Guanzhong. The main army is now halted at Jing and Bin, facing the bandits. If Chang'an is not held, the main army will collapse of its own accord. What good would it do for this force to go?" He then advanced together with Shuren and the others. In battle they beheaded Shenda and some four hundred bandits, and the rest all fled. An edict held that although Yu had received orders to urge the army on, Hao's forces had been slow, and so Yu was dismissed from office. He was then given the concurrent post of Palace Attendant to urge on the army. Soon after he was appointed General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Governor of Jingzhou. Before long Yu's father Chun went out as Governor of Yongzhou. Yu was recalled and appointed Director in the Ministry of Personnel and General of the Martial Guard, then transferred to General of the North with the added title General Who Pacifies the East. When Xiao Baoyin and others were defeated in Guanzhong, Yu was appointed concurrent Minister of the Seven Arms, bearing the staff, acting General Who Pacifies the Army, and area commander to defend Yongzhou. Yu met the bandits, suffered defeat, and withdrew. He was appointed Minister of Revenue, then transferred to Pacifying Army general and Governor of Xuzhou. Soon he was appointed General Who Guards the East, acting General of Cavalry and Chariots, and commander of the Southeast Route, with the added title Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry.

後太山太守羊侃據郡南叛，蕭衍遣將軍王辯率眾侵寇徐州，番郡人續靈珍受衍平北將軍、番郡刺史，[6]擁眾一萬，攻逼番城。昱遣別將劉馘擊破之，臨陳斬靈珍首，王辯退走。侃兄深，時為徐州行臺，府州咸欲禁深。昱曰：「昔叔向不以鮒也見廢，春秋貴之，奈何以侃罪深也。宜聽朝旨。」不許羣議。還朝。

Later Taishan Administrator Yang Kan held the commandery and rebelled southward. Xiao Yan sent General Wang Bian at the head of an army to invade Xuzhou. Xu Lingzhen of Fanyang, having received from Yan the titles of General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Fanyang, led ten thousand men in an assault on Fanyang. Yu sent detached commander Liu Huo to defeat them. In battle Lingzhen was beheaded, and Wang Bian retreated. Kan's elder brother Shen was then chief of the Xuzhou mobile office, and both the office and the province wanted to detain him. Yu said, "In antiquity Shu Xiang was not dismissed because of his son, the fish-cook. The Spring and Autumn Annals praised this. How can we punish Shen for Kan's crime? We ought to await the court's decision." He would not allow the assembly's proposal. He returned to court.

未幾，屬元顥侵逼大梁，除昱征東將軍、右光祿大夫，加散騎常侍、使持節、假車騎將軍，為南道大都督，鎮滎陽。顥既擒濟陰王暉業，乘虛徑進，大兵集於城下，遣其左衞劉業、王道安等招昱，令降，昱不從，顥遂攻之。城陷，都督元恭，太守、西河王悰並踰城而走，俱被擒縶。昱與弟息五人，在門樓上，須臾顥至，執昱下城，面責昱曰：「楊昱，卿今死甘心否？卿自負我，非我負卿也。」昱答曰：「分不望生，向所以不下樓者，正慮亂兵耳。但恨八十老父，無人供養，負病黃泉，求乞小弟一命，便死不朽也。」顥乃拘之。明旦，顥將陳慶之、胡光等三百餘人伏顥帳前，請曰：「陛下渡江三千里，無遺鏃之費，昨日一朝殺傷五百餘人，求乞楊昱以快意。」顥曰：「我在江東，嘗聞梁主言，初下都日，袁昂為吳郡不降，稱其忠節。奈何殺楊昱？自此之外，任卿等所請。」於是斬昱下統帥三十七人，皆令蜀兵刳腹取心食之。顥既入洛，除昱名為民。

Before long, as Yuan Hao pressed upon Daliang, Yu was appointed General Who Campaigns East and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness on the Right, with the added titles of Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, Bearer of the Staff with Full Powers, and acting General of Cavalry and Chariots, and was made Grand Commander of the South Route, stationed at Xingyang. Hao, having captured the Prince of Jiyin, Huiye, seized the opportunity to advance directly. His great army gathered below the walls. He sent his Left Guard Liu Ye, Wang Dao'an, and others to summon Yu to surrender. Yu refused, and Hao then attacked. The city fell. Area Commander Yuan Gong, and the Administrator and Prince of Xihe, Cong, both fled over the walls and were all captured and bound. Yu, with five younger brothers and sons, was on the gate tower. Presently Hao arrived, seized Yu, and brought him down from the wall. Facing him, he rebuked Yu: "Yang Yu, are you now content to die? You betrayed me. I did not betray you." Yu replied, "By my lot I do not hope to live. The reason I did not come down earlier was precisely that I feared the disorderly soldiers. I only regret that my eighty-year-old father has no one to support him and must go to the yellow springs burdened with illness. I beg you to spare one younger brother's life, and then my death would not be in vain." Hao then detained him. The next morning, Hao's generals Chen Qingzhi, Hu Guang, and more than three hundred others prostrated themselves before Hao's tent and requested, "Your Majesty crossed the river three thousand li without losing a single arrow. Yesterday, in one morning, more than five hundred were killed and wounded. We beg Yang Yu to satisfy our wrath. Hao said, "When I was east of the Yangtze I once heard the Liang emperor say that on the day he first descended on the capital, Yuan Ang, as Administrator of Wu commandery, did not surrender, and he praised his loyalty and integrity. How then can we kill Yang Yu? Beyond this, I leave you free to ask what you will." Thereupon he beheaded Yu along with thirty-seven subordinate commanders beneath him. Shu soldiers cut open their bellies, took out their hearts, and ate them. After Hao entered Luoyang, he struck Yu's name from the rolls and reduced him to commoner status.

孝莊還宮，還復前官。及父椿辭老，請解官從養，詔不許。尒朱榮之死也，昱為東道行臺，率眾拒尒朱仲遠。會尒朱兆入洛，昱還京師。後歸鄉里，亦為天光所害。太昌初，贈都督瀛定二州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、司空公、定州刺史。

When Emperor Xiaozhuang returned to the palace, Yu was restored to his former offices. When his father Chun asked leave on grounds of old age, Yu requested to resign his office to care for him, but the edict did not permit it. At Erzhu Rong's death, Yu served as chief of the East Route mobile office and led troops to resist Erzhu Zhongyuan. When Erzhu Zhao entered Luoyang, Yu returned to the capital. Later he returned to his home district and was also killed by Tian Guang. At the beginning of Taichang he was posthumously awarded command over all military affairs of Ying and Ding, the title Grand General of Fast Cavalry, Duke of Sikong, and the governorship of Dingzhou.

子孝邕，員外郎。走免，匿於蠻中，潛結渠帥，謀應齊獻武王以誅尒朱氏。微服入洛，參伺機會。為人所告，世隆收付廷尉，掠殺之。

His son Xiaoyong served as an external clerk. He escaped, hid among the barbarians, secretly allied with tribal chiefs, and plotted to respond to Qi Xianwu Wang in exterminating the Erzhu clan. Disguised in common clothes, he entered Luoyang to watch for an opportunity. Someone reported him. Shilong had him arrested and delivered to the Court of Justice, where he was tortured to death.

椿弟穎，字惠哲。本州別駕。

Chun's younger brother Ying, whose style name was Huizhe. He served as provincial attendant of his native province.

子叔良，武定中，新安太守。

His son Shuliang, in the Wuding era, served as Administrator of Xin'an.

穎弟順，字延和，寬裕謹厚。太和中，起家奉朝請。累遷直閤將軍、北中郎將、兼武衞將軍、太僕卿。預立莊帝之功，封三門縣開國公，食邑七百戶。出為平北將軍、冀州刺史，尋進號撫軍將軍。罷州還，遇害，年六十五。太昌初，贈都督相殷二州諸軍事、太尉公、錄尚書事、相州刺史。

Ying's younger brother Shun, whose style name was Yanhe, was generous, temperate, and earnest. In the Taihe era he first entered service as a court gentleman for imperial audience. He rose through successive appointments to General of the Direct Gate, General of the North, concurrent General of the Martial Guard, and Minister of the Imperial Stud. Having taken part in the achievement of establishing Emperor Zhuang, he was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Sanmen with a fief of seven hundred households. He went out as General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Jizhou, and soon his title was advanced to General Who Pacifies the Army. After leaving his governorship and returning home, he met with violent death at the age of sixty-five. At the beginning of Taichang he was posthumously awarded command over all military affairs of Xiang and Yin, the title Duke of Grand Commandant, the post of Manager of Affairs for the Imperial Secretariat, and the governorship of Xiangzhou.

子辯，字僧達。歷通直常侍、平東將軍、東雍州刺史。

His son Bian, whose style name was Sengda. He successively served as regular attendant-in-ordinary, General Who Pacifies the East, and Governor of Eastern Yongzhou.

辯弟仲宣，有風度才學。自奉朝請稍遷太尉掾、中書舍人、通直散騎侍郎、加鎮遠將軍，賜爵弘農男。建義初，遷通直常侍。出為平西將軍、正平太守，進爵為伯。在郡有能名，就加安西將軍。還京之日，兄弟與父同遇害。辯，太昌初贈使持節、都督燕恒二州諸軍事、車騎大將軍、儀同三司、恒州刺史；仲宣，贈都督青光二州諸軍事、車騎大將軍、尚書右僕射、青州刺史。

Bian's younger brother Zhongxuan had bearing, talent, and learning. Starting as a court gentleman for imperial audience, he gradually rose to clerk of the Grand Commandant, secretary in the Secretariat, and regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, with the added title General Who Calms the Distance, and was granted the enfeoffment of Baron of Hongnong. At the beginning of Jianyi he was transferred to regular attendant-in-ordinary. He went out as General Who Pacifies the West and Administrator of Zhengping, and his enfeoffment was advanced to count. While in the commandery he gained a reputation for competence, and on the spot was given the added title General Who Pacifies the West. On the day he returned to the capital, he and his brothers met violent death together with their father. Bian, at the beginning of Taichang, was posthumously awarded bearer of the staff with full powers, command over all military affairs of Yan and Heng, the title General of Chariots and Cavalry, merit equal to three offices, and the governorship of Hengzhou; Zhongxuan was posthumously awarded command over all military affairs of Qing and Guang, the title General of Chariots and Cavalry, the post of Right Vice Director of the Imperial Secretariat, and the governorship of Qingzhou.

仲宣子玄就，幼而俊拔。收捕時年九歲，牽挽兵人，謂曰：「欲害諸尊，乞先就死。」兵人以刀斫斷其臂，猶請死不止，遂先殺之。永熙初，贈汝陰太守。

Zhongxuan's son Xuanjiu was brilliant and precocious from childhood. At the time of the arrest he was nine years old. He tugged at the soldiers and said, "If you wish to harm my elders, I beg to die first. The soldiers cut off his arm with their blades, yet he still unceasingly begged to die, and so they killed him first. At the beginning of Yongxi he was posthumously awarded the title Administrator of Ruyin.

仲宣弟測，朱衣直閤。亦同時見害。太昌中，贈都督平營二州諸軍事、鎮北將軍、吏部尚書、平州刺史。

Zhongxuan's younger brother Ce served as a direct gate attendant in red robes. He too was killed at the same time. During the Taichang era he was posthumously honored as commander of military affairs for Ping and Ying provinces, General Who Guards the North, Director of the Masters of Writing, and Governor of Pingzhou.

測弟稚卿，太昌中，為尚書右丞，坐事死。

Ce's younger brother Zhijing served as Right Director of the Masters of Writing during Taichang and was executed for a crime.

順弟津，字羅漢，本名延祚，高祖賜名焉。少端謹，以器度見稱。年十一，除侍御中散。于時高祖沖幼，文明太后臨朝，津曾久侍左右，忽咳逆失聲，遂吐數升，藏衣袖。太后聞聲，閱而不見，問其故，具以實言。遂以敬慎見知，賜縑百匹。遷符璽郎中。津以身在禁密，不外交遊，至於宗族姻表，罕相祗候。司徒馮誕與津少結交遊，而津見其貴寵，每恒退避，及相招命，多辭疾不往。誕以為恨，而津逾遠焉。人或謂之曰：「司徒，君之少舊，宜蒙進達，何遽自外也？」津曰：「為勢家所厚，復何容易。但全吾今日，亦以足矣。」

Shun's younger brother Jin, whose style name was Luohan, had originally been named Yanzuo; Emperor Xiaowen gave him his present name. From youth he was upright and careful, and won renown for his bearing and magnanimity. At the age of eleven he was appointed an attendant cavalier-at-arms. At that time Emperor Xiaowen was still a child and Empress Dowager Wenming held the regency. Jin had long served at her side when he suddenly coughed violently, lost his voice, and vomited several pints of blood, which he concealed in his sleeve. The Empress Dowager heard the sound, looked around but saw nothing, asked what had happened, and he told her the whole truth. He thereby won recognition for his reverence and discretion, and was awarded one hundred bolts of silk. He was promoted to master of seals within the Department. Because Jin served in the inner and confidential offices, he did not socialize outside court, and even toward kinsmen and in-laws he rarely paid courtesy calls. Minister of Works Feng Dan and Jin had been friends since youth, but Jin, seeing Dan's lofty favor at court, always kept his distance, and when summoned he often pleaded illness and declined to come. Dan took this as a grievance, while Jin kept himself even farther away. Someone said to him, "The Minister of Works is an old friend of yours from youth; you ought to benefit from his patronage—why so suddenly keep yourself apart?" Jin replied, "To be favored by a powerful house is no easy thing to live with afterward. But to preserve myself as I am today is already enough."

出除征虜將軍、岐州刺史。津巨細躬親，孜孜不倦。有武功民，齎絹三匹，去城十里，為賊所劫。時有使者馳驛而至，被劫人因以告之。使者到州，以狀白津。津乃下教云：「有人著某色衣，乘某色馬，在城東十里被殺，[7]不知姓名，若有家人，可速收視。」有一老母，行出而哭，云是己子。於是遣騎追收，并絹俱獲。自是闔境畏服。至於守令僚佐有瀆貨者，未曾公言其罪，常以私書切責之。於是官屬感厲，莫有犯法。以母憂去職。

He was sent out and appointed General Who Campaigns Against Bandits and Governor of Qizhou. Jin personally attended to every detail of governance and never slackened. A man from Wugong was carrying three bolts of silk when, ten li from the city, he was robbed by bandits. An imperial courier happened to arrive by post-horse just then, and the robbed man told him what had happened. When the courier reached the province he reported the matter to Jin. Jin then issued a proclamation: "A man wearing such-and-such colored clothes and riding such-and-such colored horse was killed ten li east of the city,[7] his name unknown; if he has kin, let them come at once to claim the body." An old woman came out weeping, saying the victim was her son. He then sent horsemen in pursuit and recovered both the man and the silk. From then on the whole jurisdiction stood in awe of him. When prefects, magistrates, or staff took bribes, he never announced their crimes in public but always rebuked them sharply in private letters. The officials were so moved that none dared break the law. He left office to observe mourning for his mother.

延昌末，起為右將軍、華州刺史，與兄播前後皆牧本州，當世榮之。先是，受調絹匹，度尺特長，在事因緣，共相進退，百姓苦之。津乃令依公尺度其輸物，尤好者賜以杯酒而出；所輸少劣，亦為受之，但無酒，以示其耻。於是人競相勸，官調更勝舊日。還除北中郎將，帶河內太守。太后疑津貳己，不欲使其處河山之要，轉平北將軍、肆州刺史，仍轉并州刺史，將軍如故。徵拜右衞將軍。

Late in Yanzhang he was recalled as General of the Right and Governor of Huazhou. He and his elder brother Bo had both in turn governed their native province, and their contemporaries regarded this as a great honor. Previously, when tax silk was collected the measuring rod had been made deliberately long; officials colluded with one another over it, and the people suffered greatly. Jin then ordered that all deliveries be measured by the standard rod. Those of especially fine quality he rewarded with a cup of wine before dismissing the bearer. Even inferior deliveries he accepted, but without the wine, to mark their shame. Thereupon people vied to improve their deliveries, and official collections surpassed those of earlier times. On returning to court he was appointed General of the Northern Central Command with concurrent appointment as Administrator of Henei. The Empress Dowager suspected Jin of disloyalty to her and did not want him holding a strategic post between the Yellow River and the Taihang Mountains. He was transferred to General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Sizhou, then moved again to Governor of Bingzhou, retaining his generalship. He was recalled and appointed General of the Right Guard.

孝昌初，加散騎常侍，尋以本官行定州事。既而近鎮擾亂，侵逼舊京，乃加津安北將軍、假撫軍將軍、北道大都督、右衞，尋轉左衞，加撫軍將軍。始津受命，出據靈丘，而賊帥鮮于脩禮起於博陵，定州危急，遂回師南赴。始至城下，營壘未立，而州軍新敗。津以賊既乘勝，士眾勞疲，柵壘未安，不可擬敵，賊必夜至，則萬無一全，欲移軍入城，更圖後舉。刺史元固稱賊既逼城，不可示弱，閉門不內。津揮刀欲斬門者，軍乃得入城。賊果夜至，見柵空而去。其後，賊攻州城東面，已入羅城，刺史閉小城東門，城中慅擾，不敢出戰。津欲禦賊，長史許被守門不聽，津手劍擊被，不中，被乃走。津開門出戰，斬賊帥一人，殺賊數百。賊退，人心少安。詔除衞尉卿，征官如故，以津兄衞尉卿椿代為左衞。尋加鎮軍將軍、討虜都督，兼吏部尚書、北道行臺。初，津兄椿得罪此州，由鉅鹿人趙略投書所致。及津之至，略舉家逃走，津乃下教慰喻，令其還業。於是闔州愧服，遠近稱之。

Early in Xiaochang he was given the additional title Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, and soon assumed charge of Dingzhou affairs in his existing rank. Soon afterward nearby garrisons fell into turmoil and threatened the old capital. Jin was then given the additional titles General Who Pacifies the North, Acting General Who Pacifies the Army, Grand Commander of the Northern Route, and Right Guard; soon he was transferred to Left Guard and promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army. When Jin first received his commission he marched out and took position at Lingqiu, but the bandit chief Xianyu Xiuli rose at Boling and Dingzhou was in grave peril, so he turned his army south. He had only just reached the city when his camp was not yet established and the provincial army had suffered a fresh defeat. Jin judged that the bandits, riding their victory, would find his troops exhausted and his defenses unfinished and therefore impossible to match; if the bandits came by night not one man would survive. He wanted to move his army into the city and plan another effort later. Governor Yuan Gu argued that with the bandits already at the walls the city must not show weakness; he shut the gates and refused to admit them. Jin drew his sword to strike down the gatekeepers, and only then was his army admitted into the city. The bandits did come by night, found the camp deserted, and withdrew. Later the bandits attacked the eastern side of the provincial city and broke into the outer wall. The governor shut the small eastern gate of the inner city; panic spread through the city and no one dared go out to fight. Jin wanted to meet the bandits in battle, but Chief Clerk Xu Bei guarded the gate and refused to allow it. Jin struck at Bei with his sword, missed, and Bei fled. Jin opened the gate and went out to fight, beheading one bandit chief and killing several hundred bandits. The bandits withdrew, and morale in the city steadied somewhat. An edict appointed him Minister of the Guard while retaining his field command; Jin's elder brother Chun, also Minister of the Guard, was made General of the Left Guard in his stead. Soon he was given the additional titles General Who Pacifies the Army and Commander Who Campaigns Against Bandits, with concurrent appointment as Director of the Masters of Writing and head of the Northern Route Executive. Earlier Jin's elder brother Chun had gotten into trouble in this province because Zhao Lue of Julu had sent in a denunciatory letter. When Jin arrived, Lue fled with his entire family. Jin issued a reassuring proclamation and told him to return to his livelihood. The whole province submitted in shame, and people near and far praised him.

時賊帥薛脩禮、[8]杜洛周殘掠州境。孤城獨立，在兩寇之間，津貯積柴粟，脩理戰具，更營雉堞，賊每來攻，機械競起。又於城中去城十步，掘地至泉，廣作地道，潛兵涌出，置爐鑄鐵，持以灌賊。賊遂相語曰：「不畏利槊堅城，唯畏楊公鐵星。」津與賊帥元洪業及與賊中督將尉靈根、程殺鬼、潘法顯等書，曉喻之，并授鐵券，許以爵位，令圖賊帥毛普賢。洪業等感悟，復書云：「今與諸人密議，欲殺普賢，願公聽之。又賊欲圍城，正為取北人耳。城中所有北人，必須盡殺，公若置之，恐縱敵為患矣。願公察之。」津以城內北人雖是惡黨，然掌握中物，未忍便殺，但收內子城防禁而已。將吏無不感其仁恕。朝廷初以鐵券二十枚委津分給，津隨賊中首領，間行送之，脩禮、普賢頗亦由此而死。

At that time the bandit chiefs Xue Xiuli[8] and Du Luozhou were ravaging the province. The city stood alone between two enemy forces. Jin stockpiled firewood and grain, repaired weapons, rebuilt the battlements, and whenever the bandits attacked, engines of war sprang up on every side. He also had tunnels dug ten paces inside the wall down to the water table, sent hidden troops out through them, set up furnaces to melt iron, and poured the molten metal down on the bandits. The bandits then said among themselves, "We do not fear sharp spears or stout walls—we fear only Lord Yang's iron stars." Jin wrote to the bandit chief Yuan Hongye and to the rebel supervising generals Wei Linggen, Cheng Shagui, Pan Faxian, and others, urging them to come over. He also gave them iron covenants, promised them noble rank, and instructed them to plot against the bandit chief Mao Puxian. Hongye and the others were persuaded and wrote back, "We are now in secret consultation with the others and plan to kill Puxian; we ask that you approve. Moreover, the bandits mean to besiege the city precisely in order to seize the northerners within it. All the northerners in the city must be killed; if you spare them, I fear you will be nurturing enemies and creating a future threat. I ask that you consider this carefully." Jin reasoned that although the northerners in the city were a dangerous faction, they still held leverage, and he could not bring himself to kill them outright. He only gathered them into the inner city and placed them under guard. Every officer and clerk was moved by his benevolence and forbearance. The court had initially entrusted Jin with twenty iron covenants to distribute. He sent them by secret routes to bandit leaders within the enemy ranks, and Xiuli and Puxian largely met their deaths because of this.

既而，杜洛周圍州城，津盡力捍守。詔加衞將軍，封開國縣侯，邑一千戶，將士有功者任津科賞，兵民給復八年。葛榮以司徒說津，津大怒，斬其使以絕之。自受攻圍，經涉三稔，朝廷不能拯赴。乃遣長子遁突圍而出，詣蠕蠕主阿那瓌，令其討賊。遁日夜泣論，阿那瓌遣其從祖吐豆發率精騎一萬南出，前鋒已達廣昌，賊防塞隘口，蠕蠕持疑，遂還。

Soon afterward Du Luozhou besieged the provincial city, and Jin defended it with all his strength. An edict promoted him to General of the Guard, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Kaiguo with a fief of one thousand households, authorized Jin to reward meritorious officers and soldiers as he saw fit, and granted soldiers and civilians an eight-year exemption from taxes and corvée. Ge Rong tried to win Jin over with the promise of the post of Minister of Works. Jin was furious, beheaded the envoy, and broke off all contact. From the time the siege began, three full years passed without the court being able to relieve him. He then sent his eldest son Dun to break through the siege, go to the Rouran ruler Anagui, and ask him to campaign against the bandits. Dun pleaded day and night with tears. Anagui sent his collateral kinsman Tudufa at the head of ten thousand elite horsemen south. The vanguard had already reached Guangchang, but the bandits blocked the passes, the Rouran hesitated, and they turned back.

津長史李裔引賊踰城。賊入轉眾，津苦戰不敵，遂見拘執。洛周脫津衣服，置地牢下，數日，欲將烹之，諸賊還相諫止，遂得免害。津曾與裔相見，對諸賊帥以大義責之，辭淚俱發，裔大慚。典守者以相告，洛周弗之責也。及葛榮吞洛周，復為榮所拘守，榮破，始得還洛。

Jin's chief clerk Li Yi led the bandits over the wall. As the bandits poured in their numbers swelled. Jin fought bitterly but could not prevail and was taken captive. Luozhou stripped Jin of his clothes and threw him into a dungeon. After several days he intended to boil him alive, but the bandits remonstrated with one another and stopped it, and Jin thus escaped with his life. Jin once met Yi and, before the bandit chiefs, rebuked him on grounds of righteousness. Words and tears flowed together, and Yi was deeply ashamed. The custodian reported this to Luozhou, but Luozhou did not blame Jin for it. When Ge Rong absorbed Luozhou's forces, Jin was again held captive by Rong. After Rong's defeat he was finally able to return to Luoyang.

永安初，詔除津本將軍、荊州刺史，加散騎常侍、當州都督。津以前在中山陷寇，詣闕固辭，竟不之任。二年，兼吏部尚書，又除車騎將軍、左光祿大夫，仍除吏部。元顥內逼，莊帝將親出討，以津為中軍大都督、兼領軍將軍。未行，顥入。及顥敗，津乃入宿殿中，掃洒宮掖，遣第二子逸封閉府庫，各令防守。及帝入也，津迎於北邙，流涕謝罪，帝深嘉慰之。尋以津為司空、加侍中。

Early in Yong'an an edict appointed Jin to his former generalship and the governorship of Jingzhou, with the additional titles Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry and commander of that province. Jin, having previously been captured by bandits at Zhongshan, went to court and firmly declined the post, and in the end never took it up. In the second year he served concurrently as Director of the Masters of Writing, was then appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and Grand Master of Left Splendid Happiness, and was again appointed Director of the Masters of Writing. When Yuan Hao pressed the capital from within, Emperor Zhuang was about to go out in person to campaign against him. Jin was made Grand Commander of the Central Army and concurrent General Who Leads the Army. Before the emperor could march, Hao entered the capital. When Hao was defeated, Jin entered the palace, lodged in the halls, swept and cleaned the inner quarters, and sent his second son Yi to seal the treasuries and assign guards to each. When the emperor returned, Jin met him at Beimang, wept and asked forgiveness, and the emperor greatly praised and comforted him. Soon Jin was appointed Minister of Works with the additional title Palace Attendant.

長子遁，字山才。其家貴顯，諸子弱冠，咸縻王爵，而遁性澹退，年近三十，方為鎮西府主簿。累遷尚書郎。莊帝北巡，奉詔慰勞山東。車駕入洛，除尚書左丞，又為光祿大夫，仍左丞。永安末，父津受委河北，兼黃門郎詣鄴，參行省事，尋遷征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫。亦被害於洛，時年四十二。太昌初，贈車騎大將軍、儀同三司、幽州刺史，諡曰恭定。

His eldest son Dun, whose style name was Shancai. His family was noble and eminent; when the sons came of age they all received princely titles, but Dun's nature was calm and retiring, and only near the age of thirty did he become chief clerk on the staff of the Western Pacification headquarters. He rose through successive promotions to master of writing. When Emperor Zhuang toured the north, Dun received an edict to comfort and reward the eastern provinces. When the imperial carriage entered Luoyang, he was appointed Left Director of the Masters of Writing, then promoted to Grand Master for Splendid Happiness while retaining the left directorship. Late in Yong'an his father Jin was entrusted with Hebei. Dun concurrently served as Gentleman at the Yellow Gate and went to Ye to assist in administrative affairs; soon he was promoted to General Who Campaigns East and Grand Master of Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. He too was killed at Luoyang, at the age of forty-two. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored as Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Youzhou, and was given the posthumous epithet Gongding.

遁弟逸，字遵道，有當世才度。起家員外散騎侍郎。以功賜爵華陰男，轉給事中。父津在中山，為賊攻逼，逸請使於尒朱榮，徵師赴救，詔許之。

Dun's younger brother Yi, whose style name was Zundao, possessed talent and stature suited to his age. He began his career as supernumerary attendant of the scattered cavalry. For his merit he was granted the title Baron of Huayin and transferred to attendant within the gates. When his father Jin was besieged by bandits at Zhongshan, Yi requested permission to go as envoy to Erzhu Rong to summon relief troops, and an edict approved the mission.

建義初，莊帝猶在河陽，逸獨往謁，帝特除給事黃門侍郎，領中書舍人。及朝士濫禍，帝益憂怖，詔逸晝夜陪侍，數日之內，常寢宿於御床前。帝曾夜中謂逸曰：「昨來，舉目唯見異人，賴得卿，差以自慰。」

Early in Jianyi Emperor Zhuang was still at Heyang. Yi went alone to pay his respects, and the emperor specially appointed him Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gate with concurrent duty as secretariat drafting officer. When court officials were being slaughtered indiscriminately, the emperor grew ever more fearful. An edict ordered Yi to attend him day and night, and for several days he often slept beside the imperial couch. The emperor once said to Yi in the night, "Of late, wherever I look I see only strange faces; thanks to you I am somewhat consoled."

尋除吏部郎中，出為平西將軍、南秦州刺史，加散騎常侍。時年二十九，於時方伯之少未有先之者。仍以路阻不行，改除平東將軍、光州刺史。逸折節綏撫，乃心民務，或日昃不食，夜分不寢。至於兵人從役，必親自送之，或風日之中，雨雪之下，人不堪其勞，逸曾無倦色。又法令嚴明，寬猛相濟，於是合境肅然，莫敢干犯。時災儉連歲，人多餓死，逸欲以倉粟賑給，而所司懼罪不敢。逸曰：「國以人為本，人以食為命，百姓不足，君孰與足？假令以此獲戾，吾所甘心。」遂出粟，然後申表。右僕射元羅以下謂公儲難闕，並執不許。尚書令、臨淮王彧以為宜貸二萬。詔聽二萬。 [9]逸既出粟之後，其老小殘疾不能自存活者，又於州門煮粥飯之，將死而得濟者以萬數。帝聞而善之。逸為政愛人，尤憎豪猾，廣設耳目。其兵吏出使下邑，皆自持糧，人或為設食者，雖在闇室，終不進，咸言楊使君有千里眼，那可欺之。在州政績尤美。

Soon he was appointed master of writing in the Ministry of Personnel, then sent out as General Who Pacifies the West and Governor of Nanqinzhou with the additional title Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. He was twenty-nine years old at the time, and among the regional governors of the age, none so young had risen before him. Because the roads were impassable, he could not take up his post; his appointment was changed to General Who Pacifies the East and Governor of Guangzhou. Yi lowered himself to soothe and comfort the people, giving his whole heart to public affairs; sometimes he skipped eating even when the sun was past noon, and at midnight he still would not sleep. When soldiers set out for corvée duty, he always saw them off in person; even in blazing wind and sun or driving rain and snow, when others could not bear the hardship, Yi never showed a trace of weariness. His laws were strict and clear, and leniency and severity worked together; the whole prefecture became orderly, and no one dared break them. Famine struck year after year, and many people starved to death. Yi wished to distribute grain from the public granaries to relieve them, but the officials in charge feared punishment and did not dare act. Yi said, "The state takes people as its foundation, and people take food as their life. If the common people have not enough, how can the ruler have enough? Even if I should incur guilt for this, I accept it willingly." He released the grain, then submitted his memorial afterward. Right Vice Director Yuan Luo and others argued that the public stores could not be depleted, and all opposed the move. Minister Over the Masters of Writing, Prince Huai of Linhuai Yu, held that twenty thousand should be lent out. An edict approved the loan of twenty thousand. [9] After Yi released grain, he also set up porridge kitchens at the prefecture gate to feed the old, the young, and the disabled who could not survive on their own; those on the point of death who were saved numbered in the tens of thousands. When the emperor heard of it, he approved. In governing, Yi cared for the people and especially hated the powerful and unscrupulous; he set up informants throughout the region. When his military clerks went on missions to local districts, they all carried their own provisions; even if someone offered food, even in a dark room they would not accept it. All said, "Commissioner Yang sees a thousand li—how could anyone fool him?" His achievements as governor were especially outstanding.

及其家禍，尒朱仲遠遣使於州害之，時年三十二。吏人如喪親戚，城邑村落，為營齋供，一月之中，所在不絕。太昌初，贈都督豫郢二州諸軍事、衞將軍、尚書僕射、豫州刺史，諡曰貞。

When disaster struck his family, Erzhu Zhongyuan sent an envoy to the province to kill him, at the age of thirty-two. Officials and commoners mourned as though they had lost kin; in towns and villages they set up offerings and vegetarian feasts, and for a month such rites never ceased anywhere. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored as Grand Commander of military affairs in Yuzhou and Yingzhou, General of the Guard, Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Governor of Yuzhou, and given the posthumous epithet Zhen.

逸弟謐，字遵智。辟太尉行參軍，歷員外散騎常侍，以功賜爵弘農伯、鎮軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫、衞將軍。在晉陽，為尒朱兆所害。太昌初，贈驃騎將軍、兗州刺史。

Yi's younger brother Mi, whose style name was Zunzhi. He was summoned as aide on the grand marshal's staff, rose through successive posts to supernumerary regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, and for merit was granted the title Baron of Hongnong, General Who Stabilizes the Army, Grand Master of Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and General of the Guard. At Jinyang he was killed by Erzhu Zhao. Early in Taichang he was posthumously honored as Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Governor of Yanzhou.

謐弟遵彥，武定中，吏部尚書、華陰縣開國侯。

Mi's younger brother Zunyan served during the Wuding era as Minister of Personnel and Marquis Who Founded the State of Huayin County.

津弟暐，字延季。性雅厚，頗有文學。起家奉朝請，稍遷散騎侍郎、直閤將軍、本州大中正、兼武衞將軍、尚食典御。孝昌初，正武衞將軍，加散騎常侍、安南將軍。莊帝初，遇害於河陰。贈衞將軍、儀同三司、雍州刺史。

Jin's younger brother Wei, whose style name was Yanji. He was refined and generous by nature, with considerable literary learning. He began as palace attendant and was gradually promoted through attendant of the scattered cavalry, general of the palace gate guard, senior selector of his native prefecture, concurrent general of the martial guard, and director of the imperial food service. Early in Xiaochang he became regular general of the martial guard, with the additional titles regular attendant of the scattered cavalry and General Who Pacifies the South. Early in Emperor Zhuang's reign he was killed at Heyin. He was posthumously honored as General of the Guard, with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, and Governor of Yongzhou.

子元讓，武定末，尚書祠部郎中。

His son Yuanrang served late in Wuding as director in the Ministry of Rites of the Masters of Writing.

播家世純厚，並敦義讓，昆季相事，有如父子。播剛毅。椿、津恭謙，與人言，自稱名字。兄弟旦則聚於廳堂，終日相對，未曾入內。有一美味，不集不食。廳堂間，往往幃幔隔障，為寢息之所，時就休偃，還共談笑。椿年老，曾他處醉歸，津扶侍還室，仍假寐閤前，承候安否。椿、津年過六十，並登台鼎，而津嘗旦暮參問，子姪羅列階下，椿不命坐，津不敢坐。椿每近出，或日斜不至，津不先飯，椿還，然後共食。食則津親授匙箸，味皆先嘗，椿命食，然後食。津為司空，於時府主皆引僚佐，人就津求官，津曰：「此事須家兄裁之，何為見問？」初，津為肆州，椿在京宅，每有四時嘉味，輒因使次附之，若或未寄，不先入口。椿每得所寄，輒對之下泣。兄弟皆有孫，唯椿有曾孫，年十五六矣，椿常欲為之早娶，望見玄孫。自昱已下，率多學尚，時人莫不欽羨焉。一家之內，男女百口，緦服同爨，庭無間言，魏世以來，唯有盧淵兄弟及播昆季，當世莫逮焉。

Bo's clan had long been pure and generous; all cultivated righteousness and deference; the brothers treated one another like father and son. Bo was resolute and firm in character. Chun and Jin were respectful and modest; when speaking to others they used their own personal names. Each morning the brothers gathered in the hall and sat facing one another all day, never retreating to the inner quarters. No fine dish was eaten unless all were gathered together. Curtains and screens often divided spaces within the hall for resting; when they needed to lie down they did so there, then returned to talk and laugh together. Chun was growing old. Once when he returned drunk from elsewhere, Jin supported him to his room, then pretended to sleep before his door to await word whether he was well. Chun and Jin were both past sixty and had reached the highest offices, yet Jin still paid morning and evening respects; with sons and nephews lined up on the steps below, Chun would not tell Jin to sit, and Jin did not dare sit. Whenever Chun went out nearby, if he had not returned by sunset Jin would not eat first; only after Chun returned would they eat together. At meals Jin personally handed him spoon and chopsticks, tasted every dish first, and only ate when Chun told him to. When Jin was Minister of Works, office heads brought in their staff as custom dictated; people came to Jin seeking appointments. Jin said, "This requires my elder brother's decision—why ask me?" Earlier, when Jin was governor of Sizhou and Chun was at the capital residence, whenever there were fine seasonal delicacies Jin would send them along with the next courier; if none had been sent, he would not taste them first. Whenever Chun received what Jin sent, he would weep over it. All the brothers had grandsons; only Chun had a great-grandson, fifteen or sixteen years old. Chun often wanted to marry him early, hoping to live to see a great-great-grandson. From Yu downward, most were devoted to learning, and people of the time all admired and envied them. Within one household, a hundred men and women wore mourning cloth and ate from the same hearth, without a cross word under the roof. Since the Wei dynasty only the brothers Lu Yuan and Bo's brothers had achieved this—none in the age could match them.

世隆等將害椿家，誣其為逆，奏請收治。前廢帝不許，世隆復苦執，不得已，下詔付有司檢聞。世隆遂遣步騎夜圍其宅，天光亦同日收椿於華陰。東西兩家，無少長皆遇禍，籍其家。世隆後乃奏云：「楊家實反，夜拒軍人，遂盡格殺。」廢帝惋悵久之，不言而已。知世隆縱擅，無如之何。永熙中，椿合家歸葬華陰，眾咸觀而悲傷焉。

Shilong and his allies wished to destroy Chun's family, falsely accused them of rebellion, and memorialized requesting their arrest and investigation. The Deposed Former Emperor refused, but Shilong pressed again and again; with no alternative, an edict was issued ordering the relevant offices to investigate and report. Shilong then sent infantry and cavalry by night to surround their residence; on the same day Tianguang seized Chun at Huayin. In the eastern and western households, none young or old escaped disaster, and their property was confiscated. Only afterward did Shilong memorialize: "The Yang family truly rebelled; they resisted the troops by night, and so all were killed." The Deposed Emperor grieved for a long time and said nothing more. Knowing Shilong's arbitrary excess, he could do nothing. During Yongxi, Chun's whole household was returned and buried at Huayin; crowds gathered and grieved at the sight.

播族弟鈞。祖暉，庫部給事，稍遷洛州刺史。卒，贈弘農公，諡曰簡。父恩，河間太守。鈞頗有幹用，自廷尉正為長水校尉、中壘將軍、洛陽令。出除中山太守，入為司徒左長史。又除徐州、東荊州刺史，還為廷尉卿。拜恒州刺史，轉懷朔鎮將。所居以強濟稱。後為撫軍將軍、七兵尚書、北道行臺。卒，贈使持節、散騎常侍、車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫、華州刺史。

Bo's clansman Jun. His grandfather Hui served as clerk in the Storehouse Section and was gradually promoted to Governor of Luozhou. On his death he was posthumously granted Duke of Hongnong with the posthumous epithet Jian. His father En was Administrator of Hejian. Jun had considerable administrative ability; from director in the Court of Justice he became colonel of the Changshui Regiment, general of the central rampart garrison, and magistrate of Luoyang. He was appointed Administrator of Zhongshan, then recalled to serve as Left Chief Clerk to the Minister of Education. He was again appointed Governor of Xuzhou and Eastern Jingzhou, then returned to serve as Director of the Court of Justice. He was appointed Governor of Hengzhou, then transferred to garrison commander of Huaishuo. Wherever he served he was known for vigor and effectiveness. Later he served as General Who Calms the Army, Minister of the Seven Troops, and chief of the North Route mobile office. On his death he was posthumously granted the Staff of Authority, Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, and Governor of Huazhou.

長子暄，卒於尚書郎。

His eldest son Xuan died while serving as master of writing.

暄弟穆，華州別駕。

Xuan's younger brother Mu served as aide to the Governor of Huazhou.

穆弟儉，寧遠將軍、頓丘太守。建義初，除太府少卿。尋為華州中正，加左將軍。儉與元顥有舊，及顥入洛，受其位任。莊帝還宮，坐免。後以本將軍潁州刺史，[10]尋加散騎常侍、平南將軍，州罷不行。普泰初，除征南將軍、金紫光祿大夫。永熙中，以本將軍除北雍州刺史，仍陷關西。

Mu's younger brother Jian was General of Far Pacification and Administrator of Dunqiu. Early in Jianyi he was appointed Vice Director of the Grand Treasury. Soon he became senior selector of Huazhou with the additional title General of the Left. Jian had old ties with Yuan Hao; when Hao entered Luoyang, Jian accepted office from him. When Emperor Zhuang returned to the palace, he was dismissed for this offense. Later he was appointed Governor of Yingzhou at his existing rank as general; [10] soon he was given the additional titles regular attendant of the scattered cavalry and General Who Pacifies the South, but the prefecture was abolished and he never took up the post. Early in Putai he was appointed General Who Campaigns South and Grand Master of Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. During Yongxi he was appointed Governor of Northern Yongzhou at his existing rank as general, and subsequently fell into captivity west of the passes.

儉弟寬，自宗正丞，建義初為通直散騎侍郎，領河南尹丞。稍遷散騎常侍、安東將軍。永安二年，除中軍將軍、太府卿。後為散騎常侍、驃騎將軍、右光祿大夫、澄城縣開國伯。太昌初，除給事黃門侍郎，尋加驃騎大將軍，除華州大中正，監內典書事。坐事去官。永熙三年，兼武衞將軍，又除黃門郎。隨出帝入關西。儉、寬皆輕薄無行，為人流所鄙。

Jian's younger brother Kuan had served as director in the Directorate of Imperial Clans; at the beginning of Jianyi he was made unqualified attendant of the scattered cavalry and concurrent aide to the Intendant of Henan. He was gradually promoted to regular attendant of the scattered cavalry and General Who Pacifies the East. In the second year of Yong'an he was appointed General of the Central Army and Director of the Grand Treasury. Later he served as regular attendant of the scattered cavalry, Grand General of Fast Cavalry, Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, and Baron Who Founded the State of Chengcheng County. Early in Taichang he was appointed Attendant Gentleman at the Yellow Gate; soon he was given the additional title Grand General of Fast Cavalry, appointed senior selector of Huazhou, and put in charge of the imperial library archives. For an offense he was removed from office. In the third year of Yongxi he was made concurrent general of the martial guard and again appointed Gentleman at the Yellow Gate. He followed the Outgoing Emperor west of the passes. Jian and Kuan were both frivolous and without moral conduct, and were despised by their contemporaries.

史臣曰：楊播兄弟，俱以忠毅謙謹，荷內外之任，公卿牧守，榮赫累朝，所謂門生故吏遍於天下。而言色恂恂，出於誠至，恭德慎行，為世師範，漢之萬石家風、陳紀門法，所不過也。諸子秀立，青紫盈庭，其積善之慶歟？及胡逆擅朝，淫刑肆毒，以斯族而遇斯禍，報施之理，何相及哉！

The historiographer says: The brothers Yang Bo were all loyal, resolute, humble, and cautious, bearing duties at court and in the provinces; as ministers and governors their glory blazed across successive reigns—the so-called disciples and former subordinates filled the realm. Yet in speech and bearing they were ever deferential, from genuine sincerity; in respectful virtue and careful conduct they were models for the age—the family ethos of the Wanshi in Han and the household discipline of Chen Ji did not surpass them. Their sons stood forth in excellence, officials' robes filling the hall—is this the reward of accumulated virtue? When the barbarian rebel monopolized the court and wanton punishments ran riot, this clan met such disaster—what has the principle of retribution to do with it!

校勘記

Collation Notes

未若召發民材諸本「材」作「村」，北史卷四一楊播附楊侃傳、冊府卷四二一〈五０一六頁〉、通鑑卷一五三〈四七六五頁〉都作「材」。按這裏是說徵集材木以縛筏渡河，「村」字訛，今據改。

Regarding "it would be better to summon and mobilize the people's timber": various editions wrongly read "timber" (cai) as "village" (cun); see Yang Kan's biography appended to Yang Bo's in juan 41 of the History of the Northern Dynasties and juan 421 of the Cefu Yuangui 〈folio 5016〉 , Zizhi Tongjian juan 153 〈folio 4765〉 All read "timber" (cai). The note explains that this refers to collecting timber to bind rafts for crossing the river; "village" (cun) is a corruption, and the text is corrected accordingly.

遂與馬渚諸楊南渡諸本「與」作「於」，無「諸」字。北史卷四一也作「於」，有「諸」字，冊府〈同上卷頁〉作「與」，無「諸」字。按卷七四尒朱榮傳敍此事云：「屬馬渚諸楊云有小船數艘，求為鄉導，榮乃令尒朱兆等率精騎夜濟。」周書卷三四楊𢷋傳云：「𢷋率其宗人，收船馬渚。」馬渚是黃河渡口，楊𢷋族人居於馬渚，故稱他們為「馬渚諸楊」。「諸」字不宜省，「於」是「與」字之訛，今據北史、冊府改補。

Regarding "then together with the Yang clan of Mazhu they crossed south": various editions read "with" (yu) as "at" (yu) and omit the character "various" (zhu). Juan 41 of the History of the Northern Dynasties also reads "at" (yu) and has the character "various" (zhu); Cefu Yuangui 〈same scroll, same page〉 The text reads "with" and omits the word "various." The biography of Erzhu Rong in juan 74 recounts this episode: "The Yang clan of Mazhu reported that they had several small boats and offered to act as guides, whereupon Rong ordered Erzhu Zhao and others to lead elite cavalry across the river by night." The biography of Yang Juan in juan 34 of the Book of Zhou states: "Juan led his kinsmen and collected boats at Mazhu." Mazhu was a ford on the Yellow River where the Yang Juan clan lived, which is why they were called "the Yangs of Mazhu." The word "various" should not be dropped; "at" is a scribal error for "with," and the present text follows the Northern History and the Prime Tortoise in restoring it.

改授中部曹北史卷四一楊播附楊椿傳「中部」下有「法」字。按此官不見卷一一三官氏志。魏有內、中、外三都大官，管刑獄事。元宏曾說「三都折獄，特宜慎重」。〈卷二一咸陽王禧傳〉其官中都大官者如任城王雲、京兆王子推、廣川王略，本傳都提到他們在任上治刑獄的事。疑這裏「部」字乃「都」之訛，「中都曹」屬中都大官，所以管獄訟。北史因下有「析訟公正」語，故加「法」字。

On "reassigned to the Central Section": in the Northern History biography of Yang Chun appended to Yang Bo, juan 41, the word "law" follows "central." This office does not appear in the Monograph on Offices, juan 113. The Wei had three great capital directors—inner, central, and outer—charged with criminal and prison matters. Yuan Hong once remarked that "in the three capitals' handling of cases, exceptional caution is required." 〈Biography of Prince Xianyang Xi, juan 21〉 Men who served as great director of the central capital, such as Princes Yun of Rencheng, Zitui of Jingzhao, and Lue of Guangchuan, are all recorded in their biographies as having administered criminal justice in that post. It is likely that "section" here is a scribal error for "capital," and that the Central Capital Section belonged to the great director of the central capital and therefore handled lawsuits and imprisonment. The Northern History adds the word "law" because the text below speaks of "fair adjudication of lawsuits."

至碻磝諸本「碻磝」作「磝碻」。按碻磝是當時重鎮，濟州的治所〈見卷一０六中地形志中〉，屢見紀傳，諸本誤倒，今乙正。

On "reaching Que'ao": various editions reverse the name to "Ao Que." Que'ao was then an important stronghold and the administrative seat of Jizhou 〈see the Monograph on Geography, middle section, juan 106〉 , and appears repeatedly in annals and biographies; the editions have the characters reversed, and the order is corrected here.

當今雍州刺史亦不賢於蕭寶夤冊府卷四０四〈四八一０頁〉「不」作「無」。按文義當作「無」。

On "the present Governor of Yongzhou is also not more worthy than Xiao Baoyin": Prime Tortoise, juan 404 〈page 4810〉 The text reads "without" instead of "not." By the sense of the passage, "without" is correct.

番郡刺史冊府卷三五四〈四二００頁〉「郡」作「州」。按郡不當有刺史，「番州」也不見記載，或臨時設置，續靈珍死後，州名亦廢。

On "Administrator of Fan commandery": Prime Tortoise, juan 354 〈page 4200〉 The text reads "province" instead of "commandery." A commandery should not have a provincial governor, and "Fan province" is nowhere else recorded; it was probably a temporary designation, abolished after Xu Lingzhen's death.

在城東十里被殺諸本「殺」作「劫」，北史卷四一楊播附楊津傳、御覽卷八一七〈三六三四頁〉作「殺」。按若說「被劫」，其人現存，豈得云「家人可速收視」。據御覽，知魏書本亦作「殺」，後人因上文稱「被劫」，以為「殺」字誤，妄改作「劫」，今據北史、御覽回改。

On "killed ten li east of the city": various editions read "robbed" for "killed"; Northern History, biography of Yang Jin, juan 41, and Imperial Readings, juan 817 〈page 3634〉 both read "killed." If the text meant "was robbed," the man would still be alive—how then could he tell his family to "come quickly and attend to me"? The Imperial Readings shows that the Book of Wei originally read "killed"; later editors, misled by the earlier mention of robbery, wrongly changed it to "robbed"; the text is restored here on the authority of the Northern History and Imperial Readings.

時賊帥薛脩禮北史卷四一楊播附楊津傳「薛」作「鮮于」。按「薛脩禮」只此一見，此傳前文和魏書他處記載都只作「鮮于脩禮」，當時攻圍定州的也只有鮮于脩禮和杜洛周兩支起義軍。雖可能「薛」是「鮮于」所改的漢姓，但別無佐證，且亦不應前後歧異，疑「薛」字誤。

On "the bandit chief Xue Xiuli": in the Northern History biography of Yang Jin, "Xue" appears as "Xianyu." "Xue Xiuli" occurs only here; elsewhere in this biography and in the Book of Wei the rebel is always "Xianyu Xiuli," and only the forces of Xianyu Xiuli and Du Luozhou were then besieging Dingzhou. Although "Xue" might be a Han surname adopted by the Xianyu clan, there is no supporting evidence, and the name should not vary within one passage; "Xue" is probably a scribal error.

詔聽二萬北史卷四一楊播附楊逸傳「二萬」作「五萬」。按上文稱「尚書令、臨淮王彧以為宜貸二萬」。若「詔聽二萬」，應云「從之」，不必又舉數字。「二」當是「五」之訛。

On "the edict approved twenty thousand": in the Northern History biography of Yang Yi, "twenty thousand" reads "fifty thousand." The passage above states that Director Yu, Prince of Huaihuai, recommended lending twenty thousand. If the edict approved twenty thousand, it should simply say "approved," without repeating the amount. "Two" is probably a scribal error for "five."

後以本將軍潁州刺史按「將軍」下當脫「除」或「為」字。

On "later, with his former general's rank, Governor of Yingzhou": the words "appointed" or "as" are probably missing after "general."

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