1
陽尼賈思伯李叔虎路恃慶房亮曹世表潘永基朱元旭
Yang Ni, Jia Sibo, Li Shuhu, Lu Shiqing, Fang Liang, Cao Shibiao, Pan Yongji, and Zhu Yuanxu
2
陽尼，字景文，北平無終人。 少好學，博通羣籍，與上谷侯天護、頓丘李彪同志齊名。 幽州刺史胡泥以尼學藝文雅，乃表薦之。 徵拜祕書著作郎，奏佛道宜在史錄。 後改中書學為國子學，時中書監高閭、侍中李沖等以尼碩學博識，舉為國子祭酒。 高祖嘗親在苑堂講諸經典，詔尼侍聽，賜帛百匹。 尼後兼幽州中正。 出為幽州平北府長史，帶漁陽太守，未拜，坐為中正時受鄉人財貨免官。 尼每自傷曰：「吾昔未仕，不曾羨人，今日失官，與本何異？ 然非吾宿志，命也如何！」 既而還鄉，遂卒於冀州，年六十一。 有書數千卷。 所造字釋數十篇，未就而卒，其從孫太學博士承慶遂撰為字統二十卷，行於世。
Yang Ni, whose courtesy name was Jingwen, was a native of Wuzhong in Beiping Commandery. From childhood he loved learning and mastered the full range of literature. Together with Hou Tianhu of Shanggu and Li Biao of Dunqiu he shared the same aspirations, and the three were equally renowned. Hu Ni, Inspector of Youzhou, recommended him by memorial on account of his refined scholarship and literary grace. He was summoned and appointed Secretary in the Office of Literary Composition, and submitted a memorial arguing that Buddhism and Daoism should be included in the historical records. Later, when the Palace Library School was reorganized as the Imperial University, Palace Library Supervisor Gao Li, Attendant-in-Ordinary Li Chong, and others recommended Ni for the post of Chancellor of the Imperial University in recognition of his profound erudition. Emperor Xiaowen once delivered lectures on the classics in person at the garden hall and ordered Ni to attend. He rewarded him with a hundred bolts of silk. Ni later also served concurrently as Rectifier of Youzhou. He was assigned Chief Clerk of the Pingbei Headquarters in Youzhou, with concurrent appointment as Administrator of Yuyang, but before he could take up the post he was dismissed from office for having accepted money and goods from a fellow townsman while serving as Rectifier. Ni often grieved aloud: "Before I entered service I never envied others. Now that I have lost my post, how is that any different from before? Yet this was never my lifelong ambition. What can one do when fate wills otherwise? Thereafter he returned to his native place and died in Jizhou at the age of sixty-one. He left behind a library of several thousand scrolls. He had drafted several dozen chapters of character glosses but died before finishing the work. His grand-nephew Chengqing, an Erudite of the Imperial University, compiled them into the twenty-chapter Zitong, which then circulated widely.
3
子介，字天佐。 奉朝請，冀州默曹參軍。 早卒。
His son Jie, whose courtesy name was Tianzuo. He served as Attendant at Court and as Staff Officer in the Mo Bureau of Jizhou. He died young.
4
尼從子鳴鵠，鳴鵠弟季智，俱有名於時，前後並為幽州司馬。
Ni had grand-nephews Minghu and Jizhi, the latter Minghu's younger brother. Both were celebrated in their day, and each in turn served as Commandant of Youzhou.
5
季智子璠，通直散騎常侍。
Jizhi's son Fan served as Regular Attendant of the Secretariat Through Direct Communications.
6
季智從弟荊，范陽太守，有吏能。 卒，贈平西將軍、東益州刺史。
Jizhi's younger cousin Jing served as Administrator of Fanyang and was known for his administrative talent. When he died he was posthumously appointed General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Eastern Yizhou.
7
季智從子伯慶，汝南太守。
Jizhi's grand-nephew Boqing served as Administrator of Runan.
8
伯慶從父弟藻，字景德。 少孤，有雅志，涉獵經史。 太和初，舉秀才，射策高第。 以母疾還。 徵拜中書博士，詔兼禮官，拜燕宣王廟於長安。 還，授寧遠將軍，賜爵魏昌男。 選為廷尉正，轉考功郎中。 除建德太守。 以清貧，賜帛六十匹。 尋假寧遠將軍，領統軍，外防內撫，甚得居邊之稱。 解任還家，久之，除兗州左將軍府長史，又拜瀛州安東府長史，加揚烈將軍。 藻以年老歸家，闔門不關世事。 孝昌中，在鄉為賊帥杜洛周所囚，發病卒。 永熙中，贈征虜將軍、幽州刺史。
Boqing's younger paternal cousin Zao, whose courtesy name was Jingde. Orphaned in youth, he cherished refined ambitions and read widely in the classics and histories. At the beginning of the Taihe era he was recommended as a cultivated talent and placed at the top of the archery examination. He returned home when his mother fell ill. He was summoned and appointed Erudite of the Palace Secretariat, then ordered to serve concurrently as a ceremonial officer and perform rites at the temple of Prince Xuan of Yan in Chang'an. On his return he was appointed General Who Establishes Distant Regions and enfeoffed as Baron of Weichang. He was selected as Director under the Minister of Justice and later transferred to Aide in the Bureau of Merit Evaluation. He was appointed Administrator of Jiande. Because of his integrity and poverty, the court granted him sixty bolts of silk. Soon he was temporarily appointed General Who Establishes Distant Regions and placed in command of a garrison army. He defended the frontier and soothed the people within, winning wide renown as a border administrator. After leaving office and returning home, he was later appointed Chief Clerk of the Left General's Headquarters in Yanzhou, then Chief Clerk of the Andong Headquarters in Yingzhou, with the additional title General Who Displays Firmness. When Zao grew old he retired home, and his entire household ceased to concern itself with worldly affairs. During the Xiaochang era, while at home in the countryside he was imprisoned by the bandit chief Du Luozhou, fell ill, and died. During the Yongxi era he was posthumously appointed General Who Punishes the Barbarians and Inspector of Youzhou.
9
子貞，字世幹。 早卒。
His son Zhen, whose courtesy name was Shigan. He died young.
10
貞弟弼，字世輔。 長於吏事。 本州別駕，加輕車將軍。 屬洛周陷城，弼遂率宗親南渡河，居於青州。 值邢杲起逆，青州城民疑河北人為杲內應，遂害弼，時年四十八。 子撝，襲祖爵。
Zhen's younger brother Bi, whose courtesy name was Shifu. He excelled at administrative affairs. He served as Vice-Prefect of his home province, with the additional title General of Light Chariots. When Luozhou captured the city, Bi led his clansmen south across the Yellow River and settled in Qingzhou. When Xing Guo rose in rebellion, the people of Qingzhou suspected that northerners were Guo's secret allies within the city and killed Bi. He was forty-eight at the time. His son Hui inherited his grandfather's noble rank.
11
弼弟斐，武定末，尚書右丞。
Bi's younger brother Fei served as Vice Director of the Right in the Ministry of Works at the end of the Wuding era.
12
藻從弟令鮮，京兆王愉郎中令。 坐同愉反，逃竄免。 會赦，除名。
Zao's younger cousin Lingxian served as Director of the Palace Domestic Service under the Prince of Jingzhao, Yuan Yu. Implicated in Yu's rebellion, he fled into hiding and was dismissed from office. When an amnesty was granted, he was struck from the registers.
13
子世和，武定末，齊州驃騎司馬。
His son Shihe served as Commandant of the Rapid Cavalry Staff in Qizhou at the end of the Wuding era.
14
藻從弟延興，南豳州刺史。
Zao's younger cousin Yanxing served as Inspector of Southern Binzhou.
15
延興從弟固，字敬安。 性俶儻，不拘小節，少任俠，好劍客，弗事生產。 年二十六，始折節好學，遂博覽篇籍，有文才。
Yanxing's younger cousin Gu, whose courtesy name was Jing'an. By nature he was bold and free-spirited, heedless of small proprieties. In youth he played the knight-errant, consorted with swordsmen, and would not engage in honest livelihood. At twenty-six he at last reined himself in and turned to study, then read widely in the literature and showed real literary talent.
16
太和中，從大將軍宋王劉昶征義陽，板府法曹行參軍，假陵江將軍。 昶嚴暴，治軍甚急，三軍戰慄無敢言者。 固啟諫，并面陳事宜。 昶大怒，欲斬之，使監當攻道。 固在軍勇決，志意閑雅，了無懼色。 昶甚奇之。 軍還，言之高祖。 年三十餘，始辟大將軍府參軍事，署城局，仍從昶鎮彭城，板兼長史。 俄以憂去任。
During the Taihe era he followed the Great General, Prince of Song Liu Chang, on the campaign against Yiyang. He was appointed provisional Acting Staff Officer in the headquarters Law Bureau, with the temporary title General Who Crosses the River. Chang was severe and brutal and ran the army with extreme harshness. The whole army trembled with fear, and no one dared speak out. Gu submitted a written remonstrance and also stated his views to Chang in person. Chang flew into a rage and wanted to execute him, but instead assigned him to supervise the assault route. In the field Gu was bold and resolute, calm and dignified in bearing, and showed not the slightest fear. Chang was greatly impressed by him. When the army returned, he reported this to Emperor Xiaowen. In his thirties he was first recruited as a staff officer in a general's headquarters and assigned to the city bureau. He then followed Chang to garrison Pengcheng and was appointed provisional concurrent Chief Clerk. Soon he left office to observe mourning.
17
裴叔業以淮南內附，世宗詔平南將軍、廣陵侯元衎與司徒、彭城王勰同鎮壽春，敕固為衎司馬。 還，除太尉西閤祭酒，兼廷尉評。 上改定律令議。 除給事中。 出為試守北平太守，甚有惠政。 久之，以公事免。 後除給事中，領侍御史。 轉治書，劾奏廣平王懷、汝南王悅、南陽長公主。 及使懷荒，鎮將萬貳望風逃走。 劾恒農太守裴粲免官。
When Pei Shuye brought Huainan over to Wei, Emperor Xuanwu ordered General Who Pacifies the South, Marquis of Guangling Yuan Kan, together with the Minister of Works, Prince of Pengcheng Xie, to garrison Shouchun jointly, and appointed Gu as Kan's marshal. On his return he was appointed Libationer in the Western Pavilion of the Grand Marshal and concurrently served as Examiner under the Minister of Justice. He submitted opinions on revising the statutes and ordinances. He was appointed Gentleman Attendant. He was sent out as provisional Administrator of Beiping and governed with notable benevolence. After some time he was dismissed on account of official business. Later he was appointed Gentleman Attendant and placed in charge of the Imperial Censor. He was transferred to drafting secretary and impeached Prince Huai of Guangping, Prince Yue of Runan, and the Princess of Nanyang. When Huai was sent to govern the frontier, the garrison commander Wan Er fled at the first sign of trouble. He impeached Pei Can, Administrator of Hengnong, who was removed from office.
18
時世宗廣訪得失，固上讜言表曰：「臣聞為治不在多方，在於力行而已。 當今之務，宜早正東儲，立師傅以保護，立官司以防衞，以係蒼生之心； 攬權衡，親宗室，強幹弱枝，以立萬世之計； 舉賢良，黜不肖，使野無遺才，朝無素餐； 孜孜萬幾，躬勤庶務，使民無謗讟之響； 省徭役，薄賦斂； 修學官，遵舊章； 貴農桑，賤工賈； 絕談虛窮微之論，簡桑門無用之費。 以存元元之民，以救飢寒之苦，上合昊天之心，下悅億兆之望。 然後備器械，修甲兵，習水戰，滅吳會，撰封禪之禮，襲軒唐之軌，同彼七十二君之徽號，協定鼎嵩河之心，副高祖殷勤之寄。 上與三皇比隆，下與五帝齊美。 豈不茂哉！ 臣位卑識昧，言不及義，屬聖明廣訪，敢獻瞽言。 伏願陛下留神，少垂究察。」
At that time Emperor Xuanwu broadly sought opinions on the strengths and failings of government. Gu submitted a straightforward memorial stating: "Your subject has heard that governing does not depend on many expedients, but on earnest execution alone. The urgent task of the present is to establish the Eastern Heir Apparent early, appoint tutors to protect him, establish offices to guard him, and thereby win the hearts of the people; hold the scales of power, draw the imperial clan close, strengthen the trunk and weaken the branches, and thereby lay a plan for ten thousand generations; promote the worthy and dismiss the unfit, so that in the wilds no talent is overlooked and at court no one eats idle salaries; attend diligently to the myriad affairs of state and personally labor at everyday administration, so that the people utter no sounds of slander and complaint; reduce corvée labor and lighten taxes and levies; restore the schools and follow the old regulations; honor agriculture and sericulture and hold craftsmen and merchants in low esteem; cut off empty talk of abstruse metaphysics and reduce the useless expenditures on Buddhist monks. Thus preserve the common people, relieve the suffering of hunger and cold, align with the heart of Heaven above, and satisfy the hopes of the hundred million below. Only then prepare weapons and equipment, repair armor and arms, practice naval warfare, destroy Wu and Kuaiji, compose the rites of the feng and shan sacrifices, follow the tracks of Xuanyuan and Tang, match the august titles of those seventy-two sage rulers, harmonize with the resolve to fix the tripod at Mount Song and the river, and fulfill the earnest charge of Emperor Xiaowen. Above you would rank with the Three Sovereigns in splendor; below you would match the Five Emperors in glory. Would this not be glorious! Your subject's rank is low and understanding dim, and my words fall short of what is right. Since Your Majesty broadly seeks counsel, I dare offer this blind counsel. I humbly pray that Your Majesty will give the matter attention and bestow a little investigation and scrutiny."
19
初，世宗委任羣下，不甚親覽，好桑門之法。 尚書令高肇以外戚權寵，專決朝事； 又咸陽王禧等並有釁故，宗室大臣，相見疏薄； 而王畿民庶，勞弊益甚。 固乃作南、北二都賦，稱恒代田漁聲樂侈靡之事，節以中京禮儀之式，因以諷諫。 辭多不載。
At first Emperor Xuanwu delegated affairs to his subordinates and did not much attend to matters personally; he favored the Buddhist teaching. Gao Zhao, Director of the Masters of Writing, as a maternal relative enjoying power and favor, monopolized decisions in court affairs; Moreover Prince Xi of Xianyang and others all had causes for offense, and among the imperial clan and great ministers mutual regard grew thin; Meanwhile the people of the capital region grew ever more worn and exhausted. Gu thereupon composed the Rhapsodies on the Southern and Northern Capitals, describing the field sports, fishing, music, and extravagant affairs of Heng and Dai, counterpointed by the ritual forms of the Central Capital, and thereby offered indirect admonition. Most of the text is not recorded here.
20
世宗末，中尉王顯起宅既成，集僚屬饗宴。 酒酣問固曰：「此宅何如？」 固對曰：「晏嬰湫隘，流稱于今； 豐屋生災，著於周易。 此蓋同傳舍耳，唯有德能卒。 願公勉之。」 顯默然。 他日又謂固曰：「吾作太府卿，庫藏充實，卿以為何如？」 固對曰：「公收百官之祿四分之一，州郡贓贖悉入京藏，以此充府，未足為多。 且有聚斂之臣，寧有盜臣，豈不戒哉！」 顯大不悅，以此銜固。 又有人間固於顯，顯因奏固剩請米麥，免固官。
Near the end of Emperor Xuanwu's reign, Chief Commandant Wang Xian, having finished building his residence, gathered his subordinates for a feast. When the wine had gone deep he asked Gu: "What do you think of this residence? Gu replied: "Yan Ying's narrow dwelling has been celebrated to this day; lavish houses bring disaster, as recorded in the Book of Changes. This is merely like a relay station; only virtue can see one through to the end. I hope you will exert yourself in this. Xian fell silent. On another occasion he again said to Gu: "When I served as Minister of the Grand Treasury, the treasuries were stocked to overflowing—what do you think of that? Gu replied: "Your Lordship took one-fourth of every official's salary; all bribes and fines from the provinces and commanderies went straight into the capital coffers. To fill your storehouses from such sources is hardly much to boast of. Besides, a minister who amasses wealth may well be called a thief. Should one not take warning from that! Xian was deeply offended and from then on harbored a grudge against Gu. Someone also slandered Gu to Xian. Xian thereupon memorialized that Gu had fraudulently requisitioned grain and grain, and had him dismissed from office.
21
既無事役，遂闔門自守，著演賾賦，以明幽微通塞之事。 其詞曰：
With no official duties left to him, he shut his doors and kept to himself, composing the Rhapsody on the Unfolding of the Hidden to set forth how what is hidden and what is manifest, blocked and open, turn upon one another. Its words read:
22
紹有周之遐軌兮，初錫世於河陽。 建甸侯而列爵兮，與王室而並昌。 遭季葉之紛亂兮，仍矯迹於良鄉。 棄侯衞之楨弼兮，乃殖根於幽方。 自祖考而輝烈兮，逮余躬而翳微。 懼堂構之頹撓兮，恐崩毀其洪基。 心惴惴而慄慄兮，若臨深而履薄。 登喬木而長吟兮，抗幽谷而靡託。 何身輕而任重兮，懼顛墜於峻壑。 憑神明之扶助兮，雖幽微而獲存。 賴先后之醇德兮，乃保護其遺孫。
We followed the far road of Zhou, first granted a fief at Heyang— raised up as Marquis of Dian and enfeoffed with rank, flourishing side by side with the royal house— then, in the chaos of the dynasty's decline, still traced our path at Liangxiang— leaving behind the pillar-support of Hou and Wei, we took root in the northern lands— from ancestors blazing in glory down to my own person, dim and slight— I fear the hall's frame may topple and totter; I dread the ruin of its great foundation— my heart anxious and trembling, as if standing over a deep abyss on thin ice— I climb a tall tree and chant long; I stand against a dark valley with nowhere to rest— how can one so slight bear so heavy a burden? I fear tumbling into a steep ravine— supported by the divine powers, though obscure and slight we yet survive— trusting in the pure virtue of our forebears, they protect their surviving descendants—
23
伊日月之屢遷兮，何四時之相逼。 知年命之有期兮，慨斡流之不息。 傷艱躓之相承兮，悲屯蹇而日臻。 心惻愴而不懌兮，乃有懷於古人。
Sun and moon shift again and again; how the four seasons press upon one another— knowing that life's span has its term, I sigh that the turning stream never ceases— I grieve that hardship and stumbling follow in succession; I sorrow that obstruction and difficulty draw nearer day by day— my heart grieved and ill at ease, I turn my thoughts to the ancients—
24
或垂綸於渭濱兮，有胥靡於傅巖。 既應繇而赴兆兮，作殷周之元鑒。 孔栖栖而不息兮，終見黜於庶邦。 墨馳騁而不已兮，亦舉世而不容。 有鸞孤而爭國兮，有讓位而採薇。 有躍馬而赴會兮，有棲遲以俟時。 曹納辛而袁亡兮，袁戮田而曹盛。 鮑授州而得時兮，韓棄牧而失性。 趙堯門而誕聖兮，終夭隱而不繁。 衞泯軀於世難兮，啟洪業於宣元。 釋臯繇之法憲兮，見蓼六之先亡。 練疑枉於怨獄兮，寧于公之獨昌。 明禍福之同門兮，知休咎之異塗。 尋倚伏之無源兮，或先詘而後舒。
some cast their lines on the Wei shore; some were convict laborers at Fuyan— having answered the oracle and gone to meet their destiny, they became the primal mirror of Yin and Zhou— Confucius, restless and never at rest, in the end was cast out among the common states— Mo Di galloped on without cease, yet the whole world would not accept him— some, like the lone phoenix, fought for the realm; some yielded the throne and gathered wild greens— some leapt on horseback to keep their rendezvous; some lingered and waited for the right moment— Cao took in Xin and Yuan perished; Yuan killed Tian and Cao flourished— Bao received a province and caught the moment; Han abandoned his fief and lost his true self— from the gate of Zhao Yao a sage was born, yet in the end died young and obscure, leaving no posterity— Wei lost his life in worldly calamity, yet opened a great enterprise in the Xuanyuan era— when Gao Yao's laws and statutes were cast aside, the six states of Liao were the first to perish— Lian Ying was wronged in a prison born of hatred; only Lord Ning alone flourished— I see that fortune and misfortune share one gate, yet weal and woe take different roads— seeking the sourceless alternation of decline and rise, sometimes one is first bent low and later extended—
25
賜憑軒而策駟兮，撫清琴而自娛。 憲服弊於陋巷兮，蘊六藝於蓬廬。 勃計行而致位兮，錯謀合而身傾。 蕭功成而福集兮，韓勳立而禍并。 紛回平而綿結兮，亮未識其幽情。 有積毀而恩昵兮，有積譽而寵衰。 或形乖而意合兮，或身密而志離。 情與貌而紛競兮，體與識而交馳。
Zi-gong leaned on the railing and drove four horses, stroking a clear zither to amuse himself— Yuan Xian wore rags in a mean alley, storing the Six Arts in a thatched hut— Bo Ji planned his course and reached high rank; Chao Cuo's plans succeeded yet his person was overturned— Xiao He achieved merit and blessings gathered; Han Xin stood in merit yet calamity came with it— tangled and level, continuous and knotted— clearly I have not yet grasped their hidden truth— some accumulate slander yet remain in favor; some accumulate praise yet see favor fade— some are at odds in form yet united in intent; some are close in body yet parted in will— feeling and appearance contend in confusion; body and understanding race against each other—
26
旦流言而見疑，先緣謗而益信。 樂食子而中疏兮，巴放麑而日進。 或舉世而稱賢兮，偶不合於主心。 或居鄉而三黜兮，獨為時之所欽。 或負鼎而干主兮，或杖策於幽林。 或望旗而色阻兮，或臨危而撫琴。 道有大而由小兮，義有顯而必微。 理貴在於得要兮，事終成於會機。 每一日而三省兮，亦有念而九思。 孰有是而可是兮，孰有非而可非。
Dan was slandered and came under suspicion; Xian was first slandered yet grew more trusted. Yue Ying's son was eaten and he grew estranged at heart; Ba released the fawn and advanced day by day— some are praised by the whole world, yet happen not to accord with their lord's heart— some dwell in their home district and are thrice dismissed, yet alone are admired by the age— some carry a cauldron to seek audience with their lord; some lean on a staff in a dark forest— some see the banner and their color changes with fear; some face peril and stroke the zither— the Way has what is great yet proceeds from what is small; righteousness has what is manifest yet must be subtle— in principle what is prized is grasping the essential; affairs in the end succeed through meeting the right moment— each day thrice examining oneself— there is also reflection with ninefold thought— who has what is right that can be affirmed as right? who has what is wrong that can be condemned as wrong?
27
石育子而啟夏兮，鳦遺卵而孕殷。 鳥藉冰而存棄兮，虎乳孩以字文。 發昇舟而魚躍兮，季潛軀而覆雲。 或揮戈而爭帝兮，或洗耳而辭君。 道曲成而不一兮，神參差而異兆。 茲聖達之未明兮，豈前修之克了。 迷白日之近遙兮，方有闚於天表。 且臨海而觀瀾兮，何津源之杳杳。
A stone bore a child and opened the Xia; the swallow left an egg and conceived the Yin— a bird relied on ice to survive yet was abandoned; a tiger nursed an infant and gave him the surname Wen— Fa ascended a boat and fish leapt; Ji hid his body and overturned the clouds— some waved spears and fought for the throne; some washed their ears and declined their lord— the Way completes itself in curves and is not one; the divine is uneven and gives different omens— if even sages and the enlightened have not understood this, how could earlier worthies fully grasp it? Mistaking the white sun's nearness and distance, just now I have glimpsed heaven's outer rim— and now facing the sea and watching the waves— how distant and dim the ford's source—
28
文遷繹而身徂兮，景守節而災移。 湯改祝而革命兮，靈投策而詬龜。 圉據胎而為巨兮，友發文而自相。 風吹鶂而襄墜兮，神壓紐而平王。 被嬴縮之由人兮，信吉凶之在己。 或勤憂以減齡兮，亦安樂而獲祉。
King Wen moved his capital and his person departed; King Jing kept his integrity and calamity shifted— Tang changed the sacrificial prayer and transformed the mandate; Ling cast the stalks and reviled the tortoise— Yu held the fetus and became a giant; You Fa raised an army and turned against himself— wind blew the osprey and Xiang fell; the divine pressed the cord and King Ping arose— suffering Ying Suo's binding came from men— trust that fortune and misfortune lie in oneself— some through anxious toil shorten their years; some through ease and joy receive blessings—
29
弟成師而害兄兮，父純臣而烹子。 識同命於三君兮，兆先見於矞姒。 始樓桑而發輝兮，終龍變於巴庸。 繞閶門而結慶兮，鬱蟬蛻於三江。 水浩浩而襄陵兮，竊息壤而瘠之。 鯀殛死於羽山兮，禹宣力而營之。 鑿龍門以通河兮，疏九江而入海。 總九州以攸同兮，甄五都之所在。 雖父子之同氣兮，乃業行之丕改。
the younger brother Cheng Shi harmed his elder brother; the father Chun Chen boiled his son— recognizing the same fate in three lords; the omen first appeared in Yu Si— beginning at Lousang to shine forth, ending with the dragon's transformation in Bayong— encircling Chang Gate to bind good fortune; Yu the Great cast off his shell at the Three Rivers— waters vast and flooding the hills; Gun stole the self-renewing earth and made the land barren— Gun was executed at Mount Yu; Yu proclaimed his strength and worked to control it— hewing Dragon Gate to open the river, dredging the Nine Rivers to enter the sea— gathering the Nine Provinces into unity, discerning where the five capitals stand— though father and son share the same vital breath, their deeds and conduct are vastly different—
30
以患蹇為福兮，痛比干之殘軀。 以佞諛為獲安兮，哂宰嚭之見屠。 以舉士而受賞兮，悼史遷之腐刑。 以進為無益兮，見鄂秋之專城。 以仁義為桎梏兮，信揖讓之勞疲。 以放曠為懸解兮，傷六親之乖離。 哀越種之被戮兮，嘉范蠡之脫羈。 欽四皓之高尚兮，歎伊周之涉危。 望仗鉞而先鋒兮，光安車而弗顧。 求封賞於寸心兮，夢台袞於遠慮。 或忌賢而獨立，或篡君以自樹。 既思匿而名揚兮，亦求清而反汙。
to take hardship as fortune— I grieve for Bi Gan's mutilated body— to take flattery as gaining safety— I mock Zai Pi, who was slaughtered— to recommend scholars and receive reward— I mourn Sima Qian's corrupting punishment— to take advancement as useless— I see E Qiu holding his own walled city— to take benevolence and righteousness as shackles— trust that yielding the throne brings weary toil— to take free abandon as release from suspension— I grieve the six kin parted and estranged— I mourn Yue Zhong, who was executed; I praise Fan Li, who cast off his bonds— I admire the Four Hoary Heads in their lofty withdrawal; I sigh that Yi Yin and the Duke of Zhou faced peril— some long to wield the battle-axe as vanguard; Guang rides the comfort carriage and pays no heed— seeking enfeoffment and reward in the heart's inch— dreaming of ministerial robes in far-reaching thought— some envy the worthy and stand alone; some usurp their lord to establish themselves. Some wish to hide yet their names are broadcast; some seek purity yet turn defiled—
31
見眾兆之紛錯兮，覩變化之無方。 心營營而擾擾兮，乃探衷而準常。 儼端坐於弊筵兮，始拂龜而整策。 冀靈鑒之祐余兮，願告余以忠益。 龜發兆以施靈兮，利去華而守約。 蓍布列而成卦兮，保龍潛而勿躍。 踵嘉遁之玄蹤兮，追考盤於巖壑。 登名山以恬澹兮，辭朝巿之紛若。 奉貞吉於占繇兮，翻夕警而晨裝。
seeing the many omens tangled and confused, witnessing change without fixed pattern— my heart bustling and troubled, I therefore probe the inner truth and align with the constant— solemnly sitting upright on a worn mat, I begin to brush the tortoise and arrange the stalks— hoping the divine mirror will aid me, I wish to be told loyal counsel— the tortoise reveals its omen and bestows its spirit— profit lies in stripping ornament and keeping to simplicity— yarrow stalks spread and form the hexagram— preserve the dragon hidden and do not leap— following the dark tracks of noble withdrawal, I pursue Kaopan in cliff and ravine— climbing famous mountains in tranquil ease, bidding farewell to the morning market's confusion— receiving firm good fortune from the divination lines, I turn from evening warning to morning preparations—
32
揖許公於箕嶺兮，諮夷齊於首陽。 瞻嵩華之嵁崿兮，眺恒碣之䃐磄。 陵江湖之駭浪兮，昇醫閭之尚羊。 乘玄虬之弈弈兮，鳴玉鑾之瑲瑲。 浮滄波而濯足兮，入三山而解裳。 謁伯禹於塗山兮，詰三苗於三危。 登蒼梧而遐眺兮，訪二妃於有媯。 追祝融於荊芊兮，問洛宓於馮夷。
bowing to Duke Xu on Mount Ji, consulting Bo Yi and Shu Qi on Mount Shouyang— gazing at the steep crags of Song and Hua, looking out at the rugged peaks of Heng and Jie— crossing the rivers and lakes' terrifying waves, ascending Mount Yilu to wander at leisure— riding the dark dragon, gleaming bright, sounding the jade chariot bells, ringing clear— floating on the blue waves to wash my feet, entering the Three Mountains to loosen my robe— paying homage to Lord Yu at Mount Tu, questioning the Three Miao at Sanwei— climbing Mount Cangwu to gaze into the distance, visiting the Two Consorts at Yougui— pursuing Zhurong through the Jing marshes, questioning Lady Luo at Feng Yi's ford—
33
陵回飈而上驤兮，窮深谷而下馳。 沿扶水而遠矚兮，見虞淵之威微。 乖閬風之峻岅兮，覿王母於崦嵫。 昇瑤臺而奏歌兮，坐瓊室而賦詩。 託赤水以寄命兮，附光風以傳辭。 出琨岫之崢嶸兮，入氾林之杳鬱。 採鍾山之玉瑛兮，收珠澤之珂[王+戍]。
surmounting the whirling gale to soar upward, reaching deep valleys to gallop downward— following the Fusang waters to gaze far off, seeing the subtle majesty of the Pool of Yu— leaving behind Langfeng's steep cliffs, meeting the Queen Mother at Mount Yanzi— ascending the jade terrace to perform a song, sitting in the jasper chamber to compose verse— entrusting my life to the Red Waters, attaching my words to the luminous wind— leaving the towering peaks of Mount Kun, entering the dim and luxuriant Forest of Fan— gathering jade splinters from Mount Zhong, collecting gems from the Pearl Marsh—
34
攜羽民而遠遊兮，探長生之妙術。 騰雲霧而窈冥兮，變域中之穢質。 望玄闕之寂寥兮，過寒門而懷悲。 揖若士於霄際兮，求霧塵於海湄。 憑帝臺而肆眺兮，歷層冰而風馳。 越弱水之渟濙兮，躡不周之嶮巇。 屑瓊蘂以為糧兮，斟玉液以為漿。 結秋蘭以為珮兮，攬白蜺以為裳。
taking the Feather People on a distant journey, seeking the wondrous art of long life— soaring through cloud and mist into deep obscurity, transforming the foul substance of the earthly realm— gazing at the dark gate's desolation, passing Cold Gate and feeling grief— bowing to the transcendent man at heaven's edge, seeking mist and dust at the sea's margin— leaning on the Emperor's Terrace to gaze freely, crossing layer upon layer of ice, wind-driven— crossing the still and deep Weak Waters, treading the perilous heights of Mount Buzhou— crumbling jade stamens for food, pouring jade liquor for drink— tying autumn orchids for a girdle ornament, gathering white rainbows for a robe—
35
聳景雲而上征兮，撫閶闔而啟扉。 肅百神而警策兮，奏中皇於紫微。 聆鈞天而九變兮，耽廣樂而忘歸。 忽心移而志駭兮，戀舊京而依依。 握招搖以為旆兮，巡天漢而下遊。 建雲旗之逶迤兮，御回風之瀏瀏。 策王良以斂轡兮，命風伯以挾輈。 符屏翳以清路兮，告河鼓以具舟。
rising on bright clouds to ascend, touching Changhe and opening its gates— solemnly summoning the hundred spirits, performing Zhonghuang in the Purple Palace— listening to the Harmonious Heaven with its nine variations, lost in the vast music and forgetting to return— suddenly my heart shifted and my will was shaken, yearning for the old capital with lingering fondness— grasping the Dipper for a banner, circling the River of Heaven to descend— raising cloud banners in long streamers, driving the whirling wind with rushing sound— urging Wang Liang to gather the reins, commanding the Wind Lord to hold the axle— signaling Pingyi to clear the road, telling the River Drum to ready the boat—
36
聊右次於析木兮，遹回駕於青丘。 訪古人以首陽兮，亦問道於鷞鳩。 覩三韓之累累兮，見卉服之悠悠。 瞻雒常之鬱鬱兮，貢楛矢之啾啾。 心怊怊而惕惕兮，志憫憫而綿綿。 伊五嶽之塠塠兮，何四海之涓涓。 瞻九河其如帶兮，觀三江其沉然。 夫五都之總總兮，尚何足以遊盤。 彼八方之局促兮，殊無可以達觀。 方吞霞而棄粒兮，亦屑玉而鍊丹。 漱醴泉以養氣兮，吸沆瀣以當餐。 蔭建木之長柯兮，援木禾之修莖。 咀玉髓而充渴兮，嚼正陽以長生。 參松喬而撫翰兮，侶浮丘而上征。
for a time halting at Ximu, then turning the carriage back at Green Mound— visiting the ancients at Mount Shouyang, also seeking the Way from the osprey— seeing the Three Han lands in succession, beholding grass-clad peoples far and wide— gazing at the lush growth of Luochang, receiving tribute arrows in clamorous tribute— my heart anxious and wary, my will sorrowful and unending— Ah, the five sacred peaks, towering high— how the four seas are but tiny streams— gazing at the Nine Rivers like a belt, viewing the Three Rivers sinking deep— the five capitals, one after another— how could they suffice for roaming and wandering? Those eight directions, cramped and narrow— truly nothing there allows a far-reaching view— just then swallowing cloud-glow and abandoning grain, also grinding jade and refining cinnabar— rinsing with the sweet spring to nourish vital breath, inhaling the night dew for a meal— resting in the shade of Jianmu's long branches, grasping the tall stalks of Tree Grain— chewing jade marrow to quench thirst, chewing the pure yang to attain long life— joining Song Qiao and stroking the writing brush, companion to Fu Qiu in ascending—
37
嗟域中之默默兮，詎攄寫其深情。 情盤桓而猶豫兮，志狐疑而未決。 久放蕩而不還兮，心惆悵而不悅。 憶慈親於故鄉兮，戀先君於丘墓。 回遊駕而改轅兮，縱歸轡而緩御。 僕眷眷於短銜兮，馬依依於跬步。 還故園而解羈兮，入茅宇而返素。 耕東臯之沃壤兮，釣北湖之深潭。 養慈顏於婦子兮，競獻壽而薦甘。 朝樂酣於濁酒兮，夕寄忻於素琴。 誦風雅以導志兮，蘊六籍於胸襟。 敦儒墨之大教兮，崇逸民之遠心。 播仁聲於終古兮，流不朽之徽音。 進不求於聞達兮，退不營於榮利。 泛若不繫之舟兮，湛若不用之器。 不潔其身兮，不屑於位。 不拘小節兮，不求曲備。 資靈運以託己兮，任性命之遭隨。 既聽天而委化兮，無形志之兩疲。 除紛競而靖默兮，守沖寂以無為。 寄後賢以籍賞兮，寧怨時之弗知。
Alas, the world's silence— how could one fully express this deep feeling? My feelings linger and hesitate, my will wavers like a fox and cannot decide— long wandering free without return, my heart melancholy and not at ease— remembering my loving parent in my home district, yearning for my forebears at their mound and tomb— turning the roaming carriage and changing the axle, loosening the returning reins to drive slowly— the groom lingering at the short bit, the horse reluctant at every step— returning to the old garden and loosening the bridle, entering the thatched dwelling to return to simplicity— plowing the fertile soil of the eastern terrace, fishing the deep pool of the northern lake— nurturing my loving parent's countenance with wife and children, each vying to offer wishes for long life and sweet delicacies— morning joy in deep draughts of coarse wine, evening delight placed in the plain zither— reciting the Feng and Ya to guide my will, storing the Six Classics in my breast— honoring the great teachings of Confucianism and Mohism, revering the far-reaching hearts of reclusive men— spreading benevolent renown through all ages, flowing forth an imperishable fine reputation— advancing without seeking fame and success, retreating without scheming for glory and profit— drifting like an unmoored boat, deep and still like an unused vessel— not defiling his person— disdaining rank— not bound by small proprieties— not seeking exhaustive completeness— trusting in spiritual fate to sustain himself, accepting whatever life and destiny bring— having listened to Heaven and surrendered to transformation, neither form nor will doubly wearied— putting aside strife and contention for quiet silence, keeping to empty stillness in non-action— entrusting later worthies to record and praise, rather than resenting the age for not knowing—
38
亂曰：禀元承命，人最靈兮。 夭壽否泰，本天成兮。 體源究道，歸聖哲兮。 隨化委遇，能達節兮。 顯親揚名，德之上兮。 保家全身，亦厚量兮。 趣世浮動，違性命兮。 鑒始究終，同水鏡兮。 志願不合，思遠遊兮。 陵虛騁志，從所求兮。 周歷四極，騰八表兮。 形勞志沮，未衷道兮。 反我遊駕，養慈親兮。 躬耕練藝，齊至人兮。
Coda: receiving the primal essence and inheriting the mandate, humankind is most spiritual— early death, long life, adversity, prosperity— all are Heaven's completion— embodying the source and probing the Way, returning to the sage and wise— following transformation and accepting encounters, able to grasp the proper measure— honoring one's parents and spreading one's name— the highest virtue— preserving the family and keeping the person whole— also a weighty measure— chasing the world in restless motion— violating life and nature— examining the beginning and probing the end, like water and mirror alike— when aspiration and wish do not accord, one thinks of distant wandering— crossing the void and unleashing one's will, following what one seeks— circumambulating the four extremities, soaring through the eight directions— the body weary, the will discouraged— not yet centered in the Way— turning back my roaming carriage, nurturing my loving parent— personally plowing and refining my arts, equal to the perfected man—
39
固又作刺讒疾嬖幸詩二首曰：
Gu also composed two poems satirizing slander and denouncing favored minions. They read:
40
巧佞！ 巧佞！ [1]讒言興兮。 營營習習，似青蠅兮。 以白為黑，在汝口兮。 汝非蝮蠆，毒何厚兮。 巧佞！ 巧佞！ 一何工矣。 司間司忿，言必從矣。 朋黨噂𠴲，自相同矣。 浸潤之譖，傾人墉矣。 成人之美，君子貴焉。 [2]攻人之惡，君子耻焉。 汝何人斯？ 譖毀日繁。 予實無罪，騁汝詭言。 番番緝緝，讒言側入。 君子好讒，如或弗及。 天疾讒說，汝其至矣。 無妄之禍，行將及矣。 泛泛遊鳧，弗制弗拘。 行藏之徒，或智或愚。 維予小人，未明茲理。 毀與行俱，言與釁起。 我其懲矣，我其悔矣。 豈求人兮，忠恕在己。
Crafty flatterer! Crafty flatterer! Slander rises— bustling and swarming, like green flies— turning white into black, all in your mouth— you are no viper or scorpion— yet how thick your poison— Crafty flatterer! Crafty flatterer! How skilled you are! You watch for gaps and nurse resentment; your words are always obeyed. Faction and whispered slander— you all match one another. Steeped slander— it topples a man's wall. To complete another's merit— the gentleman prizes this. To attack another's faults— the gentleman is shamed by this. What sort of person are you? Slander and defamation grow daily. I am truly without guilt, yet you unleash your deceitful words. Again and again, slyly and stealthily, slander slips in from the side. The gentleman loves slander as if he could not get enough. Heaven hates slanderous speech— you have reached your limit. Undeserved calamity is about to overtake you. The duck drifts freely, unbridled, unrestrained. Among those who act or withdraw, some are wise and some foolish. I, a petty man, have not yet understood this principle. Slander goes with conduct; words arise with cause for offense. I shall take warning; I shall repent. How could one seek it in others? Loyalty and forbearance lie in oneself.
41
彼諂諛兮，人之蠹兮。 剌促昔粟，罔顧耻辱，以求媚兮。 邪干側入，如恐弗及，以自容兮。 志行褊小，好習不道。 朝挾其車，夕承其輿。 或騎或徒，載奔載趨。 或言或笑，曲事親要。 正路不由，邪徑是蹈。 不識大猷，不知話言。 其朋其黨，其徒實繁。 有詭其行，有佞其音。 蘧蒢戚施，邪媚是欽。 既詭且妬，以逞其心。 是信是任，敗其以多。 不始不慎，末如之何。 習習宰嚭，營營無極。 梁丘寡智，王鮒淺識。 伊戾、息夫，異世同力。 江充、趙高，甘言似直。 豎刁、上官，擅生羽翼。 乃如之人，僭爽其德。 豈徒喪邦，又亦覆國。 嗟爾中下，其親其昵。 不謂其非，不覺其失。 好之有年，寵之有日。 我思古人，心焉若疾。 凡百君子，宜其慎矣。 覆車之鑒，近可信矣。 言既備矣，事既至矣。 反是不思，維塵及矣。
Those flatterers— the vermin of mankind— Hurrying and scheming, heedless of shame, to win favor— Approaching by crooked paths from the side, as if fearing not to arrive, to secure themselves— Their will and conduct are narrow and small; they love what is not the Way. Morning they ride in his carriage, evening they attend his litter. Some on horseback, some on foot, now running, now hurrying. Now speaking, now laughing, they twist affairs to please the powerful. They do not follow the straight road; they tread the crooked path. They do not know the great plan; they do not understand proper speech. Their factions and cliques, their followers, are truly numerous. Some deceive in conduct, some flatter in voice. Bent-backed and hunch-shouldered, they revere crooked flattery. Both deceitful and jealous, to give full vent to their hearts. Trusted and employed, they ruin many through it. If one is not careful at the start, at the end nothing can be done. Busy, busy, like Zai Pi, scheming without limit. Liangqiu lacked wisdom; Wang Fu had shallow understanding. Yi Li and Xi Fu, in different ages, exerted the same power. Jiang Chong and Zhao Gao— sweet words that seem straight. Shu Diao and Shangguan— they grew wings of their own. Men like these violate and corrupt their virtue. Not only do they destroy a state— they also overturn a realm. Alas, you middling and lowly men, so close and so intimate— You do not call their conduct wrong; you do not perceive their faults. You have favored them for years; you have pampered them for days. When I think of the ancients, my heart is like a sickness. All you gentlemen— you should be cautious. The overturned cart's mirror is near and can be trusted. The words are complete; the matter has arrived. If you do not turn from this, only dust will reach you.
42
神龜末，清河王懌領太尉，辟固從事中郎。 屬懌被害，元叉秉政，朝野震悚。 懌諸子及門生吏僚莫不慮禍，隱避不出，素為懌所厚者彌不自安。 固以嘗被辟命，遂獨詣喪所，盡哀慟哭，良久乃還。 僕射游肇聞而歎曰：「雖欒布、王脩何以尚也，君子哉若人！」 及汝南王悅為太尉，選舉多非其人，又輕肆檛撻，固以前為元卿，雖離國，猶上疏切諫。 事在悅傳。 悅辟固為從事中郎，不就。
Near the end of the Shengui era, Prince Yi of Qinghe served as Grand Commandant and summoned Gu as Attendant Gentleman. When Yi was killed, Yuan Cha seized power, and court and countryside were shaken with fear. Yi's sons, retainers, and clerks all feared calamity and hid without emerging; those Yi had treated generously were especially ill at ease. Gu, having once received Yi's summons, thereupon went alone to the mourning hall, weeping in full grief for a long time before returning. Vice Director You Zhao heard of it and sighed: "Even Luan Bu and Wang Xiu could not surpass this— what a gentleman this man is! When Prince Yue of Runan became Grand Commandant, his selections were mostly unworthy men, and he lightly and recklessly beat people with whips. Gu, because he had formerly served as Attendant Gentleman under the Prince of Qinghe, though now separated from the princely establishment, still submitted a memorial of sharp remonstrance. The account is in Yue's biography. Yue summoned Gu as Attendant Gentleman, but Gu did not accept.
43
正光二年，京兆王繼為司徒，高選官僚，辟固從事中郎，加鎮遠將軍。 府解，除前軍將軍，鎮遠如故。 又典科揚州勳賞。 初硤石之役，固有先登之功，而朝賞未及，至是與尚書令李崇訟勳更表。 崇雖貴盛，固據理不撓，談者稱焉。 四年九月卒，時年五十七。 贈輔國將軍、太常少卿，諡曰文。
In the second year of Zhengguang, Prince Ji of Jingzhao served as Minister of Works and made high selections among officials; he summoned Gu as Attendant Gentleman and additionally appointed him General Who Pacifies the Distance. When the headquarters was dissolved, he was appointed General of the Vanguard, retaining his title as General Who Pacifies the Distance. He also supervised the assessment and rewards of meritorious service in Yangzhou. In the initial Battle of Xiashi, Gu had merit for being first to ascend the walls, but court rewards had not yet reached him; at this time he joined Minister of Works Li Chong in memorializing to dispute the merit records. Though Li Chong was noble and powerful, Gu held to reason without yielding; commentators praised him. In the ninth month of the fourth year he died, at the age of fifty-seven. He was posthumously awarded General Who Assists the State and Vice Minister of Ceremonies, with the posthumous title Wen.
44
固剛直雅正，不畏強禦，居官清潔，家無餘財，終歿之日，室徒四壁，無以供喪，親故為其棺斂焉。 初，固著終制一篇，[3]務從儉約。 臨終，又敕諸子一遵先制。 固有三子。 [4]
Gu was upright, refined, and correct, unafraid of the powerful; in office he was clean, and his household had no surplus wealth. On the day he died, his rooms had only four bare walls, with nothing to supply the funeral; relatives and friends provided his coffin and shroud. Earlier, Gu had composed a chapter on funeral regulations, [3] striving for thrift and simplicity. On his deathbed he again ordered his sons to follow the earlier regulations in full. Gu had three sons. Editorial note: The Northern History, juan 47, reads "five sons" for "three sons" here.
45
長休之，武定末，黃門郎。
The eldest, Xiuzhi, at the end of the Wuding era served as Gentleman of the Yellow Gate.
46
休之弟詮之，字子衡。 少著才名，辟司徒行參軍。 早為門生所害，時人悼惜之。
Xiuzhi's younger brother Quanzhi, styled Ziheng. From youth he showed literary talent and was summoned as Acting Staff Officer in the Ministry of Works. He was killed early by a retainer; people of the time mourned and regretted it.
47
賈思伯，字士休，齊郡益都人也。 世父元壽，高祖時中書侍郎，有學行，見稱於時。 思伯釋褐奉朝請，太子步兵校尉、中書舍人，轉中書侍郎。 頗為高祖所知，常從征伐。
Jia Sibo, styled Shixiu, was a native of Yidu in Qi Commandery. His father's elder brother Yuanshou, during the reign of Emperor Gaozu, served as Attendant Gentleman in the Palace Library and possessed learning and conduct, being praised in his time. Sibo began his career as Attendant at Court, Captain of the Footmen of the Heir Apparent and Palace Library Attendant, then was transferred to Attendant Gentleman in the Palace Library. Emperor Gaozu came to know him well, and he often followed on campaigns.
48
及世宗即位，以侍從之勤，轉輔國將軍。 任城王澄之圍鍾離也，以思伯持節為其軍司。 及澄失利，思伯為後殿。 澄以思伯儒者，謂之必死。 及至，大喜，曰：「仁者必有勇，常謂虛談，今於軍司見之矣。」 思伯託以失道，不伐其功，時論稱其長者。 後為河內太守，不拜。 尋除鴻臚少卿，以母憂免。 服闋，徵為滎陽太守，有政績。 遷征虜將軍、南青州刺史。 初，思伯與弟思同師事北海陰鳳授業，無資酬之，鳳遂質其衣物。 及思伯之部，送縑百匹遺鳳，因具車馬迎之，鳳慚不往。 時人稱嘆焉。 尋以父憂免。 後除征虜將軍、光祿少卿，仍拜左將軍、兗州刺史。
When Emperor Xuanwu acceded, on account of his diligence as an attendant he was transferred to General Who Assists the State. When Prince Cheng of Rencheng besieged Zhongli, Sibo held the staff of authority as Army Supervisor for him. When Cheng suffered defeat, Sibo served as rearguard. Cheng, because Sibo was a Confucian scholar, thought he would surely die. When Sibo arrived, Cheng was greatly pleased and said: "The benevolent must have courage— I always thought that empty talk, but now I see it in the Army Supervisor. Sibo pleaded that he had lost his way and did not boast of his merit; commentators of the time praised him as a man of mature character. Later he was appointed Administrator of Henei but did not accept. Soon afterward he was appointed Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments and was removed on account of mourning for his mother. When mourning ended he was summoned as Administrator of Xingyang and had administrative achievements. He was transferred to General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Inspector of Southern Qingzhou. Earlier, Sibo and his younger brother Sitong had studied under Yin Feng of Beihai; having no means to pay him, Feng thereupon pawned their clothing. When Sibo reached his post, he sent a hundred bolts of silk to Feng and prepared carriage and horses to welcome him; Feng was ashamed and did not go. People of the time praised and admired this. Soon afterward he was removed on account of mourning for his father. Later he was appointed General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Splendor, and was again appointed General of the Left and Inspector of Yanzhou.
49
肅宗時，徵為給事黃門侍郎。 因請拜掃，還鄉里。 未拜，以風聞免。 尋除右將軍、涼州刺史。 思伯以州邊遠，不樂外出，辭以男女未婚。 靈太后不許，舍人徐紇言之，得改授太尉長史。 又除安東將軍、廷尉卿。 思伯自以儒素為業，不好法律，希言事。 俄轉衞尉卿。
During the reign of Emperor Xiaoming he was summoned as Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat in the Affairs Section. He thereupon requested leave to sweep the tombs and return to his home district. Before he could accept appointment, he was removed on account of adverse reputation. Soon afterward he was appointed General of the Right and Inspector of Liangzhou. Sibo, because the province was remote on the frontier, was unwilling to go far away and declined on the grounds that his sons and daughters were not yet married. Empress Dowager Ling would not permit it; Attendant Xu Zhi spoke on his behalf, and he was reassigned as Chief Clerk of the Grand Commandant. He was again appointed General Who Pacifies the East and Director of the Court of Justice. Sibo considered Confucian learning his vocation and did not love the law; he rarely spoke of legal matters. Soon afterward he was transferred to Director of the Court of the Imperial Guard.
50
于時議建明堂，多有同異。 思伯上議曰：「按周禮考工記云：夏后氏世室，殷重屋，周明堂，皆五室。 鄭注云：『此三者，或舉宗廟，或舉王寢，或舉明堂，互言之，以明其制同也。』 若然，則夏殷之世已有明堂矣。 唐虞以前，其事未聞。 戴德禮記云：明堂凡九室，十二堂。 蔡邕云：『明堂者，天子太廟，饗功養老，教學選士，皆於其中，九室十二堂。』 按戴德撰記，世所不行。 且九室十二堂，其於規制，恐難得厥衷。 周禮營國，左祖右社，明堂在國之陽，則非天子太廟明矣。 然則禮記月令，四堂及太室皆謂之廟者，當以天子暫配享五帝故耳。 又王制云：『周人養國老於東膠。』 鄭注云：東膠即辟雍，在王宮之東。 又詩大雅云：『邕邕在宮，肅肅在廟。』 鄭注云：『宮，謂辟雍宮也，所以助王。 養老則尚和，助祭則尚敬。』 又不在明堂之驗矣。 按孟子云：『齊宣王謂孟子曰，吾欲毀明堂。』 若明堂是廟，則不應有毀之問。 且蔡邕論明堂之制云：『堂方一百四十尺，象坤之策； 屋圓徑二百一十六尺，象乾之策； 方六丈，徑九丈，象陽陰九六之數； 九室以象九州； 屋高八十一尺，象黃鍾九九之數； 二十八柱以象宿； 外廣二十四丈以象氣。』 按此皆以天地陰陽氣數為法，而室獨象九州，何也？ 若立五室以象五行，豈不快也？ 如此，蔡氏之論非為通典，九室之言或未可從。 竊尋考工記雖是補闕之書，相承已久，諸儒注述無言非者，方之後作，不亦優乎？ 且孝經援神契、五經要義、舊禮圖，皆作五室，及徐劉之論，同考工者多矣。 朝廷若獨絕今古，自為一代制作者，則所願也。 若猶祖述舊章，規摹前事，不應捨殷周成法，襲近代妄作。 且損益之極，極於三王，後來疑議，難可準信。 鄭玄云：『周人明堂五室，是帝各有一室也，合於五行之數，周禮依數以為之室。 施行于今，雖有不同，時說然耳。』 尋鄭此論，非為無當。 按月令亦無九室之文，原其制置，不乖五室。 其青陽右个即明堂左个，明堂右个即總章左个，總章右个即玄堂左个，玄堂右个即青陽左个。 如此，則室猶是五，而布政十二。 五室之理，謂為可安。 其方圓高廣，自依時量。 戴氏九室之言，蔡子廟學之議，子幹靈臺之說，裴逸一屋之論，及諸家紛紜，並無取焉。」 學者善其議。
At that time there was discussion about building the Bright Hall, and many held differing views. Sibo submitted a memorial saying: "According to the Kaogong ji in the Rites of Zhou: the Hall of the Xia, the Double-eaved Hall of the Yin, and the Bright Hall of the Zhou all had five chambers. Zheng's commentary says: 'These three sometimes refer to the ancestral temple, sometimes to the royal sleeping quarters, sometimes to the Bright Hall— they are mentioned interchangeably to show that their forms are the same.' If so, then in the Xia and Yin eras the Bright Hall already existed. Before the eras of Tang and Yu, the matter is not heard of. Dai De's Record of Ritual says: the Bright Hall had nine chambers in all and twelve halls. Cai Yong says: 'The Bright Hall is the Son of Heaven's Grand Temple— feasting the meritorious, nurturing the aged, teaching and selecting scholars all take place within it, with nine chambers and twelve halls.' According to Dai De's compilation, it was not practiced in the world. Moreover, with nine chambers and twelve halls, as to their dimensions and design, I fear it would be hard to hit the mean. The Rites of Zhou on planning the capital places the ancestral temple on the left and the altar of soil and grain on the right; the Bright Hall is on the yang side of the capital— thus it is clearly not the Son of Heaven's Grand Temple. Yet in the Monthly Ordinances of the Record of Ritual, the four halls and the Grand Chamber are all called temples— this must be because the Son of Heaven temporarily matched and offered to the Five Emperors. Moreover the Royal Regulations say: 'The Zhou people nurtured the state's elders at the Eastern Academy.' Zheng's commentary says: the Eastern Academy is the Piyong, east of the royal palace. Moreover the Da Ya in the Book of Poetry says: 'Harmonious in the palace, solemn in the temple.' Zheng's commentary says: 'The palace means the Piyong palace, which assists the king. In nurturing the aged one values harmony; in assisting sacrifice one values reverence.' This too is not verified in the Bright Hall. According to Mencius: 'King Xuan of Qi said to Mencius, I wish to destroy the Bright Hall.' If the Bright Hall were a temple, there should not have been a question about destroying it. Moreover Cai Yong's discussion of the Bright Hall's design says: 'The hall is one hundred forty chi square, matching the earth's tally; the roof is two hundred sixteen chi in diameter, matching heaven's tally; six zhang square, nine zhang in diameter, matching the numbers of yin and yang, nine and six; nine chambers to represent the Nine Provinces; the roof eighty-one chi high, matching the nine nines of the Yellow Bell; twenty-eight pillars to represent the lodges; the outer width twenty-four zhang to represent the qi.' According to this, all take heaven, earth, yin, yang, and numerical qi as their model— yet the chambers alone represent the Nine Provinces. Why? If one established five chambers to represent the Five Phases, would that not be fitting? Thus Cai's discussion is not a universal standard, and the words about nine chambers perhaps should not be followed. I privately consider that although the Kaogong ji is a supplementary text, it has been transmitted for a long time, and none of the Confucian commentators who annotated it speak against it— compared with later works, is it not superior? Moreover the Classic of Filial Piety's Yuan Shen Qi, the Essentials of the Five Classics, and the Old Ritual Diagram all have five chambers; Xu and Liu's discussions, like the Kaogong ji, are many. If the court alone breaks with past and present and creates institutions for a single age, that is what I wish. If it still follows old statutes and models former affairs, it should not abandon the established methods of Yin and Zhou and adopt the reckless works of recent times. Moreover the limit of increase and decrease reaches its extreme with the Three Kings; later doubtful disputes can hardly serve as reliable standards. Zheng Xuan says: 'The Zhou people's Bright Hall had five chambers— each emperor had one chamber, matching the number of the Five Phases; the Rites of Zhou made chambers according to the numbers.' Applied down to the present, though there are differences, contemporary explanations are still valid.' Examining Zheng's discussion, it is not without merit. According to the Monthly Ordinances there is also no text about nine chambers; tracing its arrangement, it does not contradict five chambers. The Green Yang right wing is the Bright Hall left wing; the Bright Hall right wing is the Zongzhang left wing; the Zongzhang right wing is the Xuantang left wing; the Xuantang right wing is the Green Yang left wing. Thus the chambers are still five, while governance is distributed in twelve. The principle of five chambers may be considered secure. As to square, round, height, and breadth, let them follow the measures of the time. Dai's words about nine chambers, Cai's discussion of temple learning, Zigan's talk of the Spirit Terrace, Pei Yi's theory of a single hall, and the various schools' disputes— none are to be adopted. Scholars approved his memorial.
51
又遷太常卿，兼度支尚書，轉正都官。 時太保崔光疾甚，表薦思伯為侍講，中書舍人馮元興為侍讀。 思伯遂入授肅宗杜氏春秋。 思伯少雖明經，從官廢業，至是更延儒生夜講晝授。 性謙和，傾身禮士，雖在街途，停車下馬，接誘恂恂，曾無倦色。 客有謂思伯曰：「公今貴重，寧能不驕？」 思伯曰：「衰至便驕，何常之有？」 當世以為雅談。 為元叉所寵，論者譏其趣勢。 孝昌元年卒。 贈鎮東將軍、青州刺史，又贈尚書右僕射，諡曰文貞。
He was again transferred to Director of the Court of Ceremonies, concurrently Minister of Revenue, then transferred to Director of the Capital Censorate. At that time Grand Tutor Cui Guang was gravely ill and submitted a memorial recommending Sibo as Lecturer and Palace Library Attendant Feng Yuanxing as Reader. Sibo thereupon entered to instruct Emperor Xiaoming in the Du clan Spring and Autumn Annals. Though Sibo had mastered the classics in youth, official service had interrupted his studies; at this time he again invited Confucian scholars to lecture at night and teach by day. By nature he was modest and harmonious, bowing his body to honor scholars; even on the street he would stop his carriage and dismount, receiving and guiding people with earnest courtesy, never showing weariness. A guest said to Sibo: "You are now noble and honored— can you not be proud?" Sibo said: "When decline arrives one becomes proud— what constancy is there in that?" People of the time regarded this as refined talk. He was favored by Yuan Cha; commentators ridiculed him for courting power. He died in the first year of Xiaochang. He was posthumously awarded General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Qingzhou, and again awarded Vice Director of the Ministry of Works, with the posthumous title Wenzhen.
52
子彥始，武定中，淮陽太守。
His son Yan Shi, during the Wuding era, served as Administrator of Huaiyang.
53
思伯弟思同，字士明。 少厲志行，雅好經史。 釋褐彭城王國侍郎，五遷尚書考功郎，青州別駕。 久之，遷鎮遠將軍、中散大夫、試守滎陽太守。 尋即真。 後除平南將軍、襄州刺史。 雖無明察之譽，百姓安之。 及元顥之亂也，思同與廣州刺史鄭先護並不降。 莊帝還宮，封營陵縣開國男，邑二百戶，除撫軍將軍、給事黃門侍郎、青州大中正。 又為鎮東、金紫光祿大夫，仍兼黃門。 尋加車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫。 遷鄴後，除黃門侍郎、兼侍中、河南慰勞大使。 仍與國子祭酒韓子熙並為侍講，授靜帝杜氏春秋。 又加散騎常侍，兼七兵尚書。 尋拜侍中。 興和二年卒。 贈使持節、都督青徐光三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、尚書右僕射、司徒公、青州刺史，諡曰文獻。
Sibo's younger brother Sitong, styled Shiming. From youth he cultivated will and conduct and dearly loved the classics and histories. He began his career as Gentleman of the Prince of Pengcheng's kingdom, was promoted five times to Reviewing Officer in the Ministry of Works, and served as Vice Prefect of Qingzhou. After a long time he was transferred to General Who Pacifies the Distance, Regular Grand Master of the Palace, and provisional Administrator of Xingyang. Soon he received full appointment. Later he was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Xiangzhou. Though he had no reputation for sharp discernment, the common people were at peace under him. When Yuan Hao's rebellion occurred, Sitong and Administrator of Guangzhou Zheng Xianhu both refused to surrender. When Emperor Xiaozhuang returned to the palace, Sitong was enfeoffed as Baron of Yingling with a fief of two hundred households, and appointed General Who Pacifies the Army, Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat in the Affairs Section, and Chief Rectifier of Qingzhou. He again served as General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of the Palace with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, still concurrently in the Yellow Gate. Soon he was additionally appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and Grand Master of the Palace with Left Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. After the transfer to Ye, he was appointed Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate, concurrently Palace Attendant, and Commissioner to Console Henan. He then served with Chancellor of the Imperial University Han Zixi as Lecturers, instructing Emperor Jing in the Du clan Spring and Autumn Annals. He was again appointed Regular Attendant of the Secretariat and concurrently Director of the Seventh Ministry. Soon he was appointed Palace Attendant. He died in the second year of Xinghe. He was posthumously awarded Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Area Commander-in-Chief over Qing, Xu, and Guang provinces, General of Agile Cavalry, Vice Director of the Ministry of Works, Duke of the Secretariat, and Inspector of Qingzhou, with the posthumous title Wenxian.
54
初，思同之為別駕也，清河崔光韶先為治中，自恃資地，耻居其下，聞思同還鄉，遂便去職。 州里人物為思同恨之。 及光韶之亡，遺誡子姪不聽求贈。 思同遂上表訟光韶操業，登時蒙贈諡。 論者歎尚焉。
When Sitong was Vice Prefect, Cui Guangshao of Qinghe had earlier served as Administrator; relying on his background, he was ashamed to rank below Sitong. When he heard Sitong was returning home, he immediately left office. The leading men of the province resented this on Sitong's account. When Guangshao died, he left instructions to his sons and nephews not to seek posthumous honors. Sitong thereupon submitted a memorial arguing Guangshao's integrity and conduct, and at once received posthumous enfeoffment and title. Commentators admired and praised this.
55
思同之侍講也，國子博士遼西衞冀隆為服氏之學，上書難杜氏春秋六十三事。 思同復駁冀隆乖錯者十一條。 互相是非，積成十卷。 詔下國學集諸儒考之，事未竟而思同卒。 卒後，魏郡姚文安、樂陵秦道靜復述思同意。 冀隆亦尋物故，浮陽劉休和又持冀隆說。 至今未能裁正焉。
When Sitong served as Lecturer, Erudite Wei Jilong of Liaoxi, versed in the Fu clan learning, submitted a memorial challenging the Du clan Spring and Autumn Annals in sixty-three points. Sitong in turn refuted eleven points in which Jilong was mistaken. Each challenged the other; this accumulated into ten chapters. An edict ordered the Imperial University to gather the Confucian scholars to examine it; the matter was not completed when Sitong died. After Sitong's death, Yao Wen'an of Wei Commandery and Qin Daojing of Leling further expounded Sitong's views. Jilong also soon died; Liu Xiuhe of Fuyang again upheld Jilong's position. To this day the dispute has not been settled.
56
李叔虎，勃海蓨人也。 從祖金，世祖神䴥中與高允俱被徵，位至征南從事中郎。 叔虎好學博聞，有識度，為鄉閭所稱。 太和中，拜中書博士，與清河崔光、河間邢巒並相親友。 轉議郎。 久之，遷太尉從事中郎，轉國子博士、本國中正，攝樂陵中正。 性清直，甚有公平之稱。 後兼散騎侍郎、太極都將。 事訖，除高陽太守，固辭不拜。 尋除顯武將軍、太尉高陽王雍諮議參軍事，雍以其器操重之。 尋除假節、行華州事，為吏民所稱。 永平四年卒，年五十四。 贈冠軍將軍、南青州刺史，諡曰穆。
Li Shuhu was a native of Tiao in Bohai. His father's elder cousin Jin, in the Shengui era of Emperor Shizu, was summoned together with Gao Yun and reached the post of Acting Staff Officer in the Headquarters of the General Who Subdues the South. Shuhu loved learning, was broadly informed, and had discernment; he was praised in his home district. In the Taihe era he was appointed Erudite in the Palace Library and was close friends with Cui Guang of Qinghe and Xing Luan of Hejian. He was transferred to Reviewing Gentleman. After a long time he was transferred to Acting Staff Officer in the Grand Commandant's headquarters, then Erudite of the Imperial University and Chief Rectifier of his home commandery, concurrently acting as Rectifier of Leling. By nature he was pure and upright and had a great reputation for fairness. Later he concurrently served as Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat and General of the Supreme Ultimate Guard. When the assignment ended, he was appointed Administrator of Gaoyang but firmly declined and did not accept. Soon he was appointed General of Manifest Martiality and Advisory Staff Officer in the headquarters of the Prince of Gaoyang, Grand Commandant Yong, who valued him for his capacity and integrity. Soon he was appointed with provisional staff of authority as Acting Inspector of Huazhou; officials and commoners praised him. He died in the fourth year of Yongping at the age of fifty-four. He was posthumously awarded General of the Champions and Inspector of Southern Qingzhou, with the posthumous title Mu.
57
兄叔寶，州舉秀才，拜頓丘公國郎中令。 遷太常丞。 延昌末，叔寶為弟臺戶及從弟歸伯同沙門法慶反，陷破郡縣，叔寶當坐，遇病死於洛陽獄。
His elder brother Shubao, recommended by the province as a Filial and Incorrupt candidate, was appointed Gentleman of the Duke of Dunqiu's kingdom. He was transferred to Assistant Director of Ceremonies. Near the end of the Yan chang era, Shubao's younger brother Taihu and his younger cousin Guibo joined the monk Fajing in rebellion with Shazhou, capturing and destroying commanderies and counties; Shubao should have been punished but happened to die of illness in Luoyang prison.
58
子伯冑，光祿大夫。
His son Bozhou served as Grand Master of the Palace.
59
叔寶從弟鳳，歷尚書郎中、國子博士。 坐弟同京兆王愉逆，除名。
Shubao's younger cousin Feng served successively as Gentleman in the Ministry of Works and Erudite of the Imperial University. He was struck from the rolls for his younger brother's participation in Prince Yu of Jingzhao's rebellion.
60
鳳從子長仁，字景安。 頗有學涉。 舉秀才，射策高第。 拜中書博士，轉中書侍郎。 累遷平南將軍、沛郡太守，仍為彭城太守。 又從尉元討定南境，賜爵延陵男。 徵拜員外散騎常侍，使於劉準。 行還，以疾除北海內史，詔賜醫藥。 凡在三郡，吏民安之。 尋卒。 武定中，贈安南將軍、七兵尚書、冀州刺史，男如故。
Feng's younger cousin Changren, styled Jing'an. He possessed considerable learning. Recommended as a Filial and Incorrupt candidate, he ranked high in the archery and policy examination. He was appointed Erudite in the Palace Library and transferred to Attendant Gentleman in the Palace Library. He was promoted successively to General Who Pacifies the South and Administrator of Pei Commandery, then Administrator of Pengcheng. He again followed Wei Yuan in pacifying the southern frontier and was enfeoffed as Baron of Yanling. He was summoned and appointed Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Secretariat and sent as envoy to Liu Song. On returning from his mission he was removed on account of illness from the post of Inner Administrator of Beihai; an edict bestowed medicine on him. In all three commanderies, officials and commoners were at peace under him. He soon died. In the Wuding era he was posthumously awarded General Who Pacifies the South, Director of the Seventh Ministry, and Inspector of Jizhou, with his barony unchanged.
61
長仁從弟述，字道興，有學識。 州舉秀才。 拜太常博士，使詣長安，冊祭燕宣王廟。 還，除尚書儀曹郎，賜爵蓨縣男，稍遷建興太守。 卒。 子象，字孟則。 清簡有風概，博涉羣書。 初襲爵，為徐州平東府功曹參軍。 遷冀州治中，有勤績。 久之，拜散騎侍郎，加寧朔將軍，尋轉中書侍郎。 出為青州太傅開府諮議參軍、行北徐州事、本將軍、光祿大夫。 齊文襄王引為開府諮議參軍，加征東將軍。 興和二年，兼散騎常侍，使於蕭衍。 三年卒，贈驃騎大將軍、儀同三司、冀州刺史，諡曰文簡，以子子貞預義之勤也。
Changren's younger cousin Shu, styled Daoxing, possessed learning and discernment. Recommended by the province as a Filial and Incorrupt candidate. Appointed Erudite of the Imperial University, he was sent to Chang'an to issue the patent of enfeoffment at the temple of Prince Xuan of Yan. On returning he was appointed Gentleman in the Ministry of Rites and Ceremonies and enfeoffed as Baron of Tiao, then gradually promoted to Administrator of Jianxing. He died. His son Xiang, styled Mengze. Pure and concise in bearing, with a fine reputation, he read widely in all books. At first he inherited the title and served as Staff Officer in the Pingdong Headquarters of Xuzhou. He was transferred to Administrative Aide of Jizhou and had diligent achievements. After a long time he was appointed Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat and additionally General Who Pacifies the North, soon transferred to Attendant Gentleman in the Palace Library. He went out as Advisory Staff Officer in the Grand Tutor's headquarters of Qingzhou, Acting Administrator of Northern Xuzhou, retaining his rank as Grand Master of the Palace. Prince Wenxiang of Qi summoned him as Advisory Staff Officer in his headquarters and additionally appointed him General Who Conquers the East. In the second year of Xinghe he concurrently served as Regular Attendant of the Secretariat and was sent as envoy to Xiao Yan. He died in the third year and was posthumously awarded General of Agile Cavalry, Master of Ceremonies of the First Order, and Inspector of Jizhou, with the posthumous title Wenjian, because his son Zizhen shared in the merit of the righteous enterprise.
62
子貞，歷司空長史、武邑太守、司徒右長史、陽平太守。 入為吏部郎中。 出為驃騎將軍、兗州刺史。 坐貪汙賜死。
Zizhen served successively as Chief Clerk of the Ministry of Works, Administrator of Wuyi, Right Chief Clerk of the Secretariat, and Administrator of Yangping. He entered service as Gentleman in the Ministry of Personnel. He went out as General of Agile Cavalry and Inspector of Yanzhou. He was sentenced to death for corruption.
63
路恃慶，字伯瑞，陽平清淵人也。 祖綽，陽平太守。 恃慶有幹用，與廣平宋翻俱知名，為鄉閭所稱，相州刺史李安世並表薦之。 太和中，除奉朝請。 恃慶以從兄文舉有才望，因推讓之。 高祖遂並拜焉。 稍遷尚書儀曹郎，轉左民郎，行潁川郡。 出為華州安定王征虜府長史。 尋以母憂去職。 仍轉定州河間王琛長史。 琛貪暴肆意，恃慶每進苦言。 年四十八，卒。 贈左將軍、安州刺史，諡曰襄。 子祖璧，給事中。
Lu Shiqing, styled Borui, was a native of Qingyuan in Yangping. His grandfather Chuo served as Administrator of Yangping. Shiqing had administrative ability; he and Song Fan of Guangping were both famous and praised in their home district; Inspector Li Anshi of Xiangzhou memorialized recommending them both. In the Taihe era he was appointed Attendant at Court. Shiqing, because his elder cousin Wenju had talent and reputation, yielded the appointment to him. Emperor Gaozu thereupon appointed them both. He was gradually promoted to Gentleman in the Ministry of Rites and Ceremonies, transferred to Gentleman in the Ministry of the Left, and acted as Administrator of Yingchuan Commandery. He went out as Chief Clerk in the headquarters of Prince Ding'an of Hua, General Who Subdues the Barbarians. Soon he left office on account of mourning for his mother. He was transferred to Chief Clerk in the headquarters of Prince Hejian of Dingzhou, Chen. Chen was greedy and violent and acted arbitrarily; Shiqing often offered bitter remonstrance. He died at forty-eight. He was posthumously awarded General of the Left and Inspector of Anzhou, with the posthumous title Xiang. His son Zubi served as Attendant in the Affairs Section.
64
恃慶弟仲信，亦好學。 為太尉參軍，稍遷奉車都尉、開府掾。 章武王融之討葛榮也，仲信為其都督府長史。 融敗歿，仲信遂亦免棄。
Shiqing's younger brother Zhongxin also loved learning. He served as Staff Officer in the Grand Commandant's headquarters and was gradually promoted to Commandant of the Imperial Carriages and Staff Officer in the headquarters. When Prince of Zhangwu Rong campaigned against Ge Rong, Zhongxin served as Chief Clerk of his headquarters. When Rong was defeated and killed, Zhongxin was also dismissed.
65
仲信弟思略，字叔約，有識尚。 冀州安東府騎軍參軍。
Zhongxin's younger brother Silue, styled Shuyue, had discernment and high ideals. Cavalry Staff Officer in the Eastern Headquarters of Jizhou.
66
子祖遺，武定末，太學博士。
His son Zuyi, at the end of the Wuding era, served as Erudite of the Imperial University.
67
思略弟思令，字季儁。 初為廣陽王司空參軍，轉司空城局參軍、司徒記室、威遠將軍、尚書左民郎，轉右民。
Silue's younger brother Siling, styled Jijun. At first he served as Staff Officer in the Ministry of Works of Prince of Guangyang, transferred to Staff Officer in the City Bureau of the Ministry of Works and Recorder in the Secretariat, General Who Expands the Distance, and Gentleman in the Ministry of the Left, then transferred to the Ministry of the Right.
68
時天下多事，思令乃上疏曰：「臣聞國之大事，唯祀與戎。 戎之有功，在於將帥。 三代不必別民，取治不等； 五霸不必異兵，各能克定。 有湯武之賢，猶須伊望之佐； 堯舜之聖，尚有稷契之輔。 得其人也，六合唾掌可清； 失其人也，三河方為戰地。 何者？ 動之甚易，靖之至難。 竊以比年以來，將帥多是寵貴子孫，軍幢統領，亦皆故義託附。 貴戚子弟未經戎役，至於銜杯躍馬，志逸氣浮，軒眉攘腕，便以攻戰自許。 及臨大敵，怖懼交懷，雄圖銳氣，一朝頓盡。 乃令羸弱在前以當銳，強壯居後以安身。 兼復器械不精，進止不集，任羊質之將，驅不練之兵，當負險之眾，敵數戰之虜，欲令不敗，豈有得哉！ 是以兵知必敗，始集而先逃； 將又怖敵，遷延而不進。 國家便謂官號未滿，重爵屢加，復疑賞賚之輕，金帛日賜。 帑藏空虛，民財殫盡。 致使賊徒更增，膽氣益盛，生民損耗，荼毒無聊。 主歎臣哀，何心寢食。 臣雖位微，竊不遑舍。 臣聞孝行出於忠貞，節義率多果決。 德可感義夫，恩可勸死士。 今若捨上所輕，求下所重。 黜陟幽明，賞罰善惡。 搜徒簡卒，練兵習武，甲密弩強，弓調矢勁。 謀夫既設，辯士先陳，曉以安危，示其禍福。 如其不悛，以我義順之師討茲悖逆之豎，豈異厲蕭斧而伐朝菌，鼓洪爐而燎毛髮，雖愚者知其不旋踵矣。 敢以愚短，昧死陳誠。」
At that time the realm was troubled in many ways; Siling thereupon submitted a memorial saying: "I have heard that the great affairs of a state are sacrifice and war. In war, merit lies in the generals. The Three Dynasties did not necessarily separate the people; their methods of rule were not equal; the Five Hegemons did not necessarily use different armies; each could subdue and settle. Even with the worthies of Tang and Wu, one still needed the assistance of Yi Yin and Taigong; even with the sages Yao and Shun, there were still Hou Ji and Qi to assist. If one obtains the right man, the realm can be pacified at a gesture; if one loses the right man, the three rivers become a battlefield. Why? Disturbing is very easy; pacifying is extremely hard. I privately consider that in recent years generals have mostly been favored noble descendants, and military commanders and leaders have also been old retainers and dependents. Noble sons and younger brothers who have not undergone military service, when it comes to raising cups and leaping on horses, their will is at ease and their spirit floats; they arch their brows and roll up their sleeves and on that basis boast of attack and battle. When facing a great enemy, fear and dread mingle in their hearts; bold designs and sharp spirit vanish in a morning. Then they place the weak in front to meet the sharp edge and keep the strong in the rear to preserve themselves. Moreover weapons are not refined and advance and retreat are not coordinated; they employ generals of sheep's substance and drive untrained troops against a numerous enemy holding strong terrain— how could they not be defeated? Thus the soldiers, knowing they must lose, gather only to flee first; the generals again fear the enemy and delay without advancing. The state then says the official title is not full enough and repeatedly adds noble ranks; again suspecting rewards are too light, gold and silk are bestowed daily. The treasury is emptied and the people's wealth exhausted. This causes the bandits to grow more numerous, their daring and spirit to increase daily, the living people to suffer loss, and bitter poison without respite. The lord sighs and ministers grieve— how can one eat or sleep in peace? Though my position is low, I dare not neglect this. I have heard that filial conduct springs from loyal fidelity, and integrity and righteousness mostly come from decisive action. Virtue can move men of righteousness; grace can encourage men who will die. Now if we discard what superiors lightly esteem and seek what inferiors heavily esteem, dismiss and promote the obscure and the clear, reward and punish good and evil, search out soldiers and select troops, drill the army and practice martial arts, with dense armor and strong crossbows, bows tuned and arrows keen, strategists established and eloquent men sent ahead to explain safety and danger and show fortune and misfortune, if they do not repent, with our righteous army of obedience we shall punish these rebellious villains— is it not like wielding a sharp axe to cut morning mushrooms, or stirring a great furnace to singe hair? Even fools know they will not turn back. I dare, with my foolish brevity, risk death to state my sincerity."
69
尋拜假節、征虜將軍、陽平太守。 又割冀州之清河、相州之陽平、齊州之平原以為南冀州，[5]仍以思令為左將軍、南冀州刺史、假平東將軍、都督。 時葛榮遣其清河太守季虎據高唐城以招叛民，[6]思令乃命麾下并率鄉曲潛軍夜往，出其不意，遂大破之，徐乃收眾南還。 又詔思令并領冀州流民。 及葛榮滅，還鎮平原。
Soon he was appointed with provisional staff of authority as General Who Subdues the Barbarians and Administrator of Yangping. Moreover Qinghe of Jizhou, Yangping of Xiangzhou, and Pingyuan of Qizhou were carved out to form Southern Jizhou, [5] and Siling was appointed General of the Left, Inspector of Southern Jizhou, and provisional General Who Pacifies the East and Area Commander. At that time Ge Rong sent his Administrator of Qinghe, Ji Hu, to hold Gaotang city and win over rebellious commoners; [6] Siling ordered his subordinates and also led local levies in a night march by secret route, taking them unawares, and routed them completely; only afterward did he gather his troops and return south. An edict also ordered Siling concurrently to oversee the displaced people of Jizhou. When Ge Rong was destroyed, he returned to garrison Pingyuan.
70
後除征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫，轉衞將軍、右光祿大夫。 天平三年三月卒，時年五十一。 贈驃騎將軍、定州刺史。
Later he was appointed General Who Conquers the East and Grand Master of the Palace with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, transferred to General of the Guard and Grand Master of the Palace with Right Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. He died in the third month of the third year of Tianping at the age of fifty-one. He was posthumously awarded General of Agile Cavalry and Inspector of Dingzhou.
71
恃慶從叔景略，起家中書博士。 太和中，尚書郎、本郡中正。 出為齊州魏郡、平原二郡太守。 卒。
Shiqing's younger cousin Jinglue began his career as Erudite in the Palace Library. In the Taihe era he served as Gentleman in the Ministry of Works and Chief Rectifier of his home commandery. He went out as Administrator of the two commanderies of Wei and Pingyuan in Qizhou. He died.
72
景略弟雄，字仲略，容貌偉異。 以軍功為給事中。 高祖曾對羣臣云：「路仲略好尚書郎才。」 僕射李沖云：「其人宜為武職。」 遂停。 轉太尉咸陽王錄事參軍，遷伏波將軍、奉車都尉。 卒，贈頓丘太守。
Jinglue's younger brother Xiong, styled Zhonglue, had a striking and unusual appearance. On account of military merit he served as Attendant in the Affairs Section. Emperor Gaozu once said to the assembled ministers: "Lu Zhonglue has the talent of a Gentleman in the Ministry of Works." Vice Director Li Chong said: "This man is suited for a military post." The matter was halted. He was transferred to Recorder in the headquarters of the Prince of Xianyang and promoted to General Who Subdues Waves and Commandant of the Imperial Carriages. He died and was posthumously awarded Administrator of Dunqiu.
73
景略從祖弟法常，幼而修立。 為郡功曹。 早卒。 儀同李神儁與之有舊，每云：「諸路前輩中有路法常足為名士，謂必遠至，而竟無年，天下事誠難知也。」
Jinglue's younger cousin Fachang, though young, cultivated himself and stood firm. He served as Merit Officer of the commandery. He died young. Palace Attendant Li Shenjun, who was old friends with him, often said: "Among the senior men of the Lu family, Lu Fachang was enough to be a famous gentleman— one thought he would go far, yet he had no years; affairs in the world are truly hard to know."
74
房亮，字景高，清河人也。 父法延，譙郡太守。 亮好學，有節操。 太和中，舉秀才，為奉朝請。 拜祕書郎，又兼員外散騎侍郎，副中書侍郎宋弁使於蕭賾。 還，除尚書二千石郎中、濟州中正。 兼員外常侍，使高麗，高麗王託疾不拜。 以亮辱命，坐白衣守郎中。 後除濟北太守，轉平原太守，以清嚴稱。 時冀州刺史、京兆王愉據州反，平原界在河北，與愉接境。 愉乃遣人說亮，啖以榮利。 亮即斬其使人，發兵防捍。 愉怒，遣其大將張靈和率眾攻亮。 亮督厲兵民，喻以逆順，出城拒擊，大破之。 尋遭憂解任。 服終，除左將軍、汲郡太守。 遷前將軍、東荊州刺史。 亮留心撫納，夷夏安之。 時邊州刺史例得一子出身，亮不言其子而啟弟子超為奉朝請。 議者稱之。 轉平東將軍、滄州刺史，入為光祿大夫，加安東將軍。 永安二年卒，年七十一。 贈撫軍將軍、齊州刺史。
Fang Liang, styled Jinggao, was a native of Qinghe. His father Fayian served as Administrator of Qiao Commandery. Liang loved learning and had integrity. In the Taihe era he was recommended as a Filial and Incorrupt candidate and served as Attendant at Court. He was appointed Secretary and concurrently Supernumerary Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat, assisting Attendant Gentleman in the Palace Library Song Bian on a mission to Xiao Ze. On returning he was appointed Gentleman of the Two Thousand Stone Rank in the Ministry of Works and Chief Rectifier of Jizhou. Concurrently Supernumerary Regular Attendant, he was sent to Goguryeo; the King of Goguryeo pleaded illness and did not perform the bowing ceremony. Because Liang had disgraced his commission, he was punished by serving as a commoner while retaining his post as Gentleman. Later he was appointed Administrator of Jibei, transferred to Administrator of Pingyuan, and was known for purity and strictness. At that time Inspector of Jizhou, Prince Yu of Jingzhao, held the province in rebellion; Pingyuan's border lay north of the Yellow River and adjoined Yu's territory. Yu thereupon sent men to persuade Liang, tempting him with glory and profit. Liang immediately executed Yu's envoys and mobilized troops to defend. Yu was enraged and sent his great general Zhang Linghe to lead troops to attack Liang. Liang supervised and encouraged soldiers and commoners, explained rebellion and obedience, went out of the city to resist and attack, and routed them completely. Soon he was removed on account of mourning. When mourning ended he was appointed General of the Left and Administrator of Ji Commandery. He was transferred to General of the Vanguard and Inspector of Eastern Jingzhou. Liang devoted himself to comforting and accepting the people; both barbarians and Chinese were at peace under him. At that time frontier Inspectors by precedent could obtain office for one son; Liang did not mention his son but memorialized that his younger brother's son Chao should serve as Attendant at Court. Commentators praised this. He was transferred to General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Cangzhou, entered service as Grand Master of the Palace, and was additionally appointed General Who Pacifies the East. He died in the second year of Yongan at the age of seventy-one. He was posthumously awarded General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Qizhou.
75
子柬，字元約。 卒於光祿大夫。
His son Jian, styled Yuanyue. He died while serving as Grand Master of the Palace.
76
亮弟詮，字鳳舉。 尚書郎、本州中正。 卒，贈撫軍將軍、齊州刺史。
Liang's younger brother Quan, styled Fengju. Gentleman in the Ministry of Works and Chief Rectifier of his home province. He died and was posthumously awarded General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Qizhou.
77
詮弟悅，字季欣。 解褐廣平王懷國常侍，轉青州平東府中兵參軍，加宣威將軍。 遷高陽太守，轉廣川太守，加鎮遠將軍。 普泰中，濟州刺史張瓊表所部置南清河郡，仍請悅為太守，朝廷從之。 凡歷三郡，民吏安之。 遷平東將軍、太中大夫。 興和二年卒，年七十。 贈征東將軍、濟州刺史。
Quan's younger brother Yue, styled Jixin. He began his career as Regular Attendant of the Prince of Guangping Huai's kingdom, transferred to Central Army Staff Officer in the Pingdong Headquarters of Qingzhou, and was additionally appointed General Who Proclaims Martiality. He was transferred to Administrator of Gaoyang, then Administrator of Guangchuan, and was additionally appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance. During the Putai era, Inspector of Jizhou Zhang Qiong memorialized that within his jurisdiction a Southern Qinghe Commandery should be established, and requested Yue as Administrator; the court approved. In all three commanderies he served, officials and commoners were at peace under him. He was transferred to General Who Pacifies the East and Grand Master of the Palace. He died in the second year of Xinghe at the age of seventy. He was posthumously awarded General Who Conquers the East and Inspector of Jizhou.
78
長子超，字伯穎。 武定末，司徒錄事參軍、濟州大中正。
His eldest son Chao, styled Boying. At the end of the Wuding era he served as Recorder in the Secretariat and Chief Rectifier of Jizhou.
79
超弟昭，淮州驃騎大將軍府長史。
Chao's younger brother Zhao served as Chief Clerk in the headquarters of the General of Agile Cavalry of Huaizhou.
80
曹世表，字景昇，東魏郡魏人也。 魏大司馬休九世孫。 祖謨，父慶，並有學名。 世表少喪父，舉止有禮度。 性雅正，工尺牘，涉獵羣書。
Cao Shibiao, styled Jingsheng, was a native of Wei in Eastern Wei Commandery. He was the ninth-generation descendant of the Grand Marshal of Wei, Xiu. His grandfather Mo and father Qing both had reputations for learning. Shibiao lost his father young; his conduct and deportment had proper measure. By nature he was refined and correct, skilled at letters, and read widely in all books.
81
太和二十三年，尚書僕射、任城王澄奏世表為國子助教，頗失意。 後轉司徒記室。 與武威賈思伯、范陽盧同、隴西辛雄等並相友善。 侍中崔光，鄉里貴達，每稱美之。 遇患歸鄉。 永平中，除兗州左將軍府司馬，非其所願，復以病解。 延昌中，除清河太守，治官省約，百姓安之。 正光中，拜前將軍、通直散騎常侍。 大將軍、京兆王繼西征，以為從事中郎，攝中水兵事，自當煩劇，論者皆稱其能。 還都，拜司空長史。 孝昌中，青齊頻年反亂，詔世表持節慰喻。 還都，轉尚書右丞。
In the twenty-third year of Taihe, Vice Director of the Ministry of Works, Prince of Rencheng Cheng, memorialized that Shibiao should serve as Assistant Erudite of the Imperial University; he was quite disappointed. Later he was transferred to Recorder in the Secretariat. He was close friends with Jia Sibo of Wuwei, Lu Tong of Fanyang, and Xin Xiong of Longxi. Palace Attendant Cui Guang, noble and prominent in their home district, often praised him. He fell ill and returned home. In the Yongping era he was appointed Army Supervisor in the headquarters of the General of the Left of Yanzhou; it was not what he wished, and he again resigned on account of illness. In the Yan chang era he was appointed Administrator of Qinghe; in office he was economical and simple, and the common people were at peace under him. In the Zhengguang era he was appointed General of the Vanguard and Regular Attendant of the Secretariat Through Direct Communications. When the Great General, Prince Ji of Jingzhao, campaigned westward, Shibiao served as Attendant Gentleman and supervised the central river military affairs; though the duties were pressing and heavy, commentators all praised his ability. On returning to the capital he was appointed Chief Clerk of the Ministry of Works. In the Xiaochang era Qing and Qi suffered rebellion year after year; an edict ordered Shibiao to hold the staff of authority and console and explain. On returning to the capital he was transferred to Vice Director of the Right in the Ministry of Works.
82
後加征虜將軍，出行豫州刺史。 值蕭衍將湛僧珍陷東豫州，州民劉獲、鄭辯反於州界，為之內應。 朝廷以源子恭代世表為州，以世表為東南道行臺，率元安平、元顯伯、皇甫鄧林等討之。 於時賊眾強斷小殷關，驛使不通。 諸將以士馬單少，皆敗散之餘，不敢復戰，咸欲保城自固。 世表時患背腫，乃輿病出外，呼統軍是云寶謂之曰：「湛僧珍所以敢深入為寇者，以獲、辯皆州民之望，為之內應。 向有驛至，知劉獲移軍欲迎僧珍，去此八十里。 今出其不意，一戰可破。 獲破，則僧珍自走，東南清服，卿之功也。」 乃簡選兵馬，付寶討之。 促令發軍，日暮出城，比曉兵合。 賊不意官軍卒至，一戰破獲，諸賊悉平，湛僧珍退走。 唯鄭辯與子恭親舊，亡匿子恭所。 世表召諸將吏，眾責子恭，收辯斬之，傳首京師。 敕遣中使宣旨慰喻，賜馬二匹、衣服被褥。 復以世表行豫州事，行臺如故。
Later he was additionally appointed General Who Subdues the Barbarians and went out as Acting Inspector of Yuzhou. When Xiao Yan's general Zhan Sengzhen captured Eastern Yuzhou, the provincial people Liu Huo and Zheng Bian rebelled within the province as internal collaborators. The court replaced Shibiao with Yuan Zigong as Inspector and appointed Shibiao Area Commander on the Southeastern Route, leading Yuan Anping, Yuan Xianbo, Huangfu Denglin, and others to suppress them. At that time the rebels strongly cut off the Xiao Yin Pass; courier messengers could not pass. The generals, because troops and horses were few and they were remnants after defeat, dared not fight again and all wished to hold the city and defend themselves. Shibiao was then afflicted with a back abscess; he had himself carried outside and called the commander Shi Yunbao, saying to him: "Zhan Sengzhen dares to penetrate deeply as a raider because Liu Huo and Zheng Bian, both men the province looks to, serve as his internal collaborators. Until now couriers arrived reporting that Liu Huo was moving his army to meet Sengzhen, eighty li from here. Now, taking them unawares, one battle can break them. If Huo is broken, Sengzhen will withdraw of himself; the southeast will be pacified— the merit is yours." He thereupon selected troops and horses and entrusted them to Bao to suppress the rebels. He urgently ordered the army to set out; at dusk they left the city, and by dawn the troops had assembled. The rebels did not expect the government army to arrive so suddenly; in one battle Huo was broken and all the bandits were pacified; Zhan Sengzhen withdrew and fled. Only Zheng Bian, being an old associate of Zigong, hid in Zigong's quarters. Shibiao summoned the generals and clerks, publicly rebuked Zigong, seized Bian and executed him, and sent his head to the capital. An edict sent a palace envoy to proclaim imperial intent and console him, bestowing two horses and clothing, bedding, and coverlets. Shibiao again acted as Inspector of Yuzhou with his Area Command unchanged.
83
還朝，加左將軍，兼尚書東道行臺，沿河分立鎮戍，以備葛榮。 行達青州，遇患卒，時年五十四。 永熙中，贈平東將軍、齊州刺史。
On returning to court he was additionally appointed General of the Left and concurrently Area Commander on the Eastern Route of the Ministry of Works; along the river he established garrisons to guard against Ge Rong. En route he reached Qingzhou, fell ill, and died at the age of fifty-four. In the Yongxi era he was posthumously awarded General Who Pacifies the East and Inspector of Qizhou.
84
潘永基，字紹業，長樂廣宗人也。 父靈虬，中書侍郎。 永基性通率，輕財好施。 為冀州鎮東府法曹行參軍，遷威烈將軍、揚州曲陽戍主，轉西硤石戍主，治陳留、南梁二郡事，頗有威惠。 轉揚州車騎府主簿。 累遷虎賁中郎將、直寢、前將軍。 出為持節、平北將軍、冀州防城都督、長樂太守。 于時葛榮攻信都，長圍遏水以灌州城。 永基與刺史元孚同心勠力，晝夜防拒。 外無軍援，內乏糧儲，從春至冬，力窮乃陷。 榮欲害孚，永基請以身代孚死。
Pan Yongji, styled Shaoye, was a native of Guangzong in Langle. His father Lingqiu served as Attendant Gentleman in the Palace Library. Yongji was by nature straightforward and generous, lightly valued wealth and loved to give. He served as Acting Staff Officer in the Law Bureau of the Eastern Headquarters of Jizhou, was transferred to General of Majestic Ferocity and Commandant of the Quyang Garrison, then transferred to Commandant of the Xixia Garrison, administering the affairs of Chenliu and Nanliang commanderies; he had considerable authority and kindness. He was transferred to Chief Clerk in the Chariots and Cavalry Headquarters of Yangzhou. He was promoted successively to Tiger Guard Commandant of the Palace, Direct Attendant, and General of the Vanguard. He went out with the staff of authority as General Who Pacifies the North, Area Commander for the Defense of Jizhou, and Administrator of Langle. At that time Ge Rong attacked Xindu and for a long siege blocked the waters to flood the walled city. Yongji and Inspector Yuan Fu united their hearts and strength, defending day and night. Outside there was no military relief; inside provisions were exhausted; from spring to winter, when strength was spent, the city fell. Rong wished to kill Fu; Yongji requested to die in Fu's place.
85
永安二年，除潁川太守，遷鎮東將軍、東徐州刺史。 時蕭衍將曹世宗、馬洪武等率眾來寇，永基出討，破之。 永熙中，為征東將軍、金紫光祿大夫，遷車騎將軍、左光祿大夫。 尋加衞大將軍，復除東徐州刺史。 前後在州，為吏民所樂。 代還京師，元象初卒，年五十六。 贈散騎常侍、都督冀瀛滄三州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、尚書右僕射、司徒公、冀州刺史。
In the second year of Yongan he was appointed Administrator of Yingchuan, transferred to General Who Conquers the East and Inspector of Eastern Xuzhou. At that time Xiao Yan's generals Cao Shizong and Ma Hongwu led troops to raid; Yongji went out to attack and defeated them. In the Yongxi era he served as General Who Conquers the East and Grand Master of the Palace with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, transferred to General of Chariots and Cavalry and Grand Master of the Palace with Left Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. Soon he was additionally appointed Grand General of the Guard and again appointed Inspector of Eastern Xuzhou. In successive terms in the province, officials and commoners were pleased with him. On returning to the capital after his replacement, he died at the beginning of the Yuanxiang era at the age of fifty-six. He was posthumously awarded Regular Attendant of the Secretariat, Area Commander-in-Chief over Ji, Ying, and Cang provinces, General of Agile Cavalry, Vice Director of the Ministry of Works, Duke of the Secretariat, and Inspector of Jizhou.
86
長子子禮，州主簿。
His eldest son Zili served as Chief Clerk of the province.
87
子禮弟子智，武定中，太尉士曹參軍。
Zili's younger brother's son Zhi, during the Wuding era, served as Staff Officer in the Ministry of Works of the Grand Commandant.
88
朱元旭，字君昇，本樂陵人也。 祖霸，[7]真君末南叛，投劉義隆，遂居青州之樂陵。 元旭頗涉子史，開解几案。 起家清河王國常侍。 太學博士、員外散騎侍郎。 頻使高麗。 除尚書度支郎中。 神龜末，以郎選不精，大加沙汰。 元旭與隴西辛雄、范陽祖瑩、泰山羊深、西平源子恭並以才用見留。 尋加鎮遠將軍、兼尚書右丞，仍郎中、本州中正。 時關西都督蕭寶夤啟云：「所統十萬，食唯一月。」 於是肅宗大怒，召問所由。 錄、令以下，皆推罪於元旭。 元旭入見，於御座前屈指校計寶夤兵糧乃踰一年，事乃得釋。 除通直散騎常侍。 永安初，加平東將軍、尚書左丞、光祿大夫。 後轉司農少卿。 遷衞將軍、左光祿大夫。 天平中，復拜尚書左丞。 既無風操，俛仰隨俗，性多機數，自容而已。 於時朝廷分汲郡、河內二界挾河之地以立義州，安置關西歸款之戶，除元旭使持節、驃騎將軍、義州刺史。 武定三年夏，卒於州，年六十七。 贈本將軍、幽州刺史。
Zhu Yuanxu, styled Junsheng, was originally from Leling. His grandfather Ba, [7] at the end of the Zhenjun era rebelled southward, fled to Liu Yilong, and settled in Leling in Qingzhou. Yuanxu read widely in the histories and was quick to understand documents. He began his career as Regular Attendant of the Prince of Qinghe's kingdom. Erudite of the Imperial University and Supernumerary Attendant Gentleman of the Secretariat. He was repeatedly sent to Goguryeo. He was appointed Gentleman in the Ministry of Revenue. Near the end of the Shengui era, because the selection of Gentlemen was not refined, a great purge was carried out. Yuanxu, together with Xin Xiong of Longxi, Zu Ying of Fanyang, Yang Shen of Mount Tai, and Yuan Zigong of Xiping, were all retained for their talent and ability. Soon he was additionally appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance and concurrently Vice Director of the Right in the Ministry of Works, still serving as Gentleman and Chief Rectifier of his home province. At that time Area Commander of Guanxi Xiao Baoyin reported: "The troops under my command number one hundred thousand; provisions suffice for only one month." Emperor Xiaoming thereupon was greatly angered and summoned officials to inquire into the cause. From the Recorder and Vice Director downward, all shifted blame onto Yuanxu. Yuanxu entered audience and, before the imperial seat, counted on his fingers and calculated that Baoyin's army provisions would last more than a year; the matter was then cleared. He was appointed Regular Attendant of the Secretariat Through Direct Communications. At the beginning of Yongan he was additionally appointed General Who Pacifies the East, Vice Director of the Left in the Ministry of Works, and Grand Master of the Palace. Later he was transferred to Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Granaries. He was transferred to General of the Guard and Grand Master of the Palace with Left Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon. In the Tianping era he was again appointed Vice Director of the Left in the Ministry of Works. He had no moral integrity and bowed to the prevailing ways; by nature he was full of schemes and merely preserved himself. At that time the court carved out the lands straddling the river from the borders of Ji and Henei commanderies to establish Yizhou, settling households from Guanxi who had submitted; Yuanxu was appointed Bearer of the Staff of Authority, General of Agile Cavalry, and Inspector of Yizhou. In the summer of the third year of Wuding he died in the province at the age of sixty-seven. He was posthumously awarded his former rank of general and Inspector of Youzhou.
89
子敬道，武定中，司徒長流參軍。
His son Jingdao, during the Wuding era, served as Senior Staff Officer in the Secretariat of the Ministry of Works.
90
史臣曰：陽尼學義之迹，世不乏人。 固遠氣正情，文學兼致。 賈思伯門有舊業，經明行修，唯兄及弟，並標儒素。 李、路器尚所及，俱可觀者。 象風彩詞涉，亦當年之俊民。 房亮、曹世表、潘永基、朱元旭，拔萃從宦，咸享名器，各有由也。
The historian says: The traces of Yang Ni's learning and righteousness— the age has never lacked such men. Gu had far-reaching spirit and upright feeling, combining literary and scholarly attainment. Jia Sibo's family had an old tradition; clear in the classics and cultivated in conduct, he and his brother alike were marked by Confucian plainness. Li and Lu reached the level of capacity and integrity— both are worth viewing. Xiang's bearing, style, and literary range also made him an outstanding man of his day. Fang Liang, Cao Shibiao, Pan Yongji, and Zhu Yuanxu, rising above the common run in official service, all enjoyed famous offices— each for his own reasons.
91
校勘記
Collation Notes
92
巧佞巧佞諸本此句作「巧巧佞佞」，獨南本作「巧佞巧佞」，北史卷四七陽尼附陽固傳同南本。 按古時像「巧佞巧佞」這類重疊句常寫作「巧 〈二〉 佞 〈二〉」 ，傳抄刻板時就往往成為「巧巧佞佞」。 今從南本。
Crafty flatterer! Crafty flatterer! Various editions read this line as "Crafty flatterer"; only the Southern edition reads "Crafty flatterer! Crafty flatterer!", as does the Northern History, juan 47, biography of Yang Gu appended to Yang Ni. According to ancient usage, overlapping lines like "Crafty flatterer! Crafty flatterer!" were often written "Crafty 〈2〉 flatterer 〈(2)",〉 and in transmission, copying, and carving they often became "Crafty flatterer." The text now follows the Southern edition.
93
君子貴焉百衲本、汲本、局本「君子貴焉」作「殺身行焉」，南、北、殿三本及北史卷四七作「君子貴焉」。 張森楷云：「『貴』與『耻』韵，若『行』則失諧矣。」 按張說是，今從南、北、殿三本。
The gentleman prizes this. The Baichao, Ji, and Bureau editions read "The gentleman prizes this" as "Killing the body, the act proceeds"; the Southern, Northern, and Palace editions and Northern History juan 47 read "The gentleman prizes this." Zhang Senkai says: "'Prizes' rhymes with 'shamed'; if it were 'proceeds' the rhyme would be lost." According to Zhang, this is correct; the text now follows the Southern, Northern, and Palace editions.
94
固著終制一篇諸本「終」作「緒」，北史卷四七、冊府卷八九八 〈一０六三四頁〉 作「終」。 按這篇文章是說他死後的喪制，故下云：「臨終，又敕諸子一遵先制。」 「緒制」無義，今據改。
Gu composed a chapter on funeral regulations. Various editions read "end" as "beginning"; the Northern History juan 47 and Cefu yuangui juan 898 〈page 10634〉 read "end." According to this, the article concerns funeral regulations after death; hence below it says: "On his deathbed he again ordered his sons to follow the earlier regulations in full." Regulations of beginning" is meaningless; the text is emended accordingly.
95
固有三子北史卷四七「三子」作「五子」。 按此傳三子舉休之、詮之二人，北史五子，舉休之、綝之、俊之三人，加此傳的「詮之」，已有四人，疑作「五子」是。
Gu had three sons. The Northern History, juan 47, reads "three sons" as "five sons." This biography lists three sons and names Xiuzhi and Quanzhi; the Northern History's five sons names Xiuzhi, Shenzhi, and Junzhi— adding this biography's Quanzhi, that already makes four; the reading "five sons" is suspect.
96
又割冀州之清河相州之陽平齊州之平原以為南冀州諸本「平原」的「平」字在「清河」上，獨局本如上摘句。 按卷一０六中地形志中濟州平原郡下云：「武泰初立南冀州，永安中罷州。」 洪氏考異據此以為傳寫脫誤。 今乙正。
Moreover Qinghe of Jizhou, Yangping of Xiangzhou, and Pingyuan of Qizhou were carved out to form Southern Jizhou. Various editions place the character "ping" of "Pingyuan" under "Qinghe"; only the Bureau edition reads as quoted above. According to the Geography Treatise in juan 106, under Pingyuan Commandery of Jizhou: "In the beginning of Wutai Southern Jizhou was established; in Yongan the province was abolished." Hong's Notes on Variants cites this as evidence of a scribal omission in transmission. The text is now corrected.
97
時葛榮遣其清河太守季虎據高唐城以招叛民諸本「據」字在「季虎」上，獨局本在「季虎」下，冊府卷六九四 〈八二七四頁〉 同局本，但「季」作「李」。 按「據」字依文義當在「季虎」下，今從局本。 「季」也當是「李」之訛。 但無他證，今不改。
At that time Ge Rong sent his Administrator of Qinghe, Ji Hu, to hold Gaotang city and win over rebellious commoners. Various editions place the character "hold" before "Ji Hu"; only the Bureau edition places it after "Ji Hu"; Cefu yuangui juan 694 〈page 8274〉 agrees with the Bureau edition, but reads "Ji" as "Li." According to the sense of the text, "hold" should be after "Ji Hu"; the text now follows the Bureau edition. "Ji" should also be a corruption of "Li." But without other evidence, the text is not changed.
98
祖霸墓誌集釋有朱岱林墓誌 〈圖版二三八〉 ，乃元旭弟，誌稱「曾祖霸」，云霸宋元嘉時降宋，「仍居青州之樂陵郡」，敍事與此傳合。 霸乃元旭曾祖，這裏「祖」上當脫「曾」字。
Grandfather Ba. Jizhi jishi has the epitaph of Zhu Dailin 〈plate 238〉 who was Yuanxu's younger brother; the epitaph says "great-grandfather Ba," stating that Ba submitted to Song in the Yuanjia era and "then resided in Leling Commandery of Qingzhou"— the narrative agrees with this biography. Ba was Yuanxu's great-grandfather; the character "great" must have dropped before "grandfather" here.