Volume 75: Erzhu Zhao, Erzhu Yanbo, Erzhu Dulu, Erzhu Tianguang

尒朱兆尒朱彥伯尒朱度律尒朱天光

Erzhu Zhao, Erzhu Yanbo, Erzhu Dulu, and Erzhu Tianguang

尒朱兆，字萬仁，榮從子也。少驍猛，善騎射，手格猛獸，蹻捷過人。數從榮遊獵，至於窮巖絕澗人所不能升降者，兆先之。榮以此特加賞愛，任為爪牙。榮曾送臺使，見二鹿，乃命兆前，止授二箭，曰：「可取此鹿供今食也。」遂停馬構火以待之。俄然兆獲其一。榮欲矜夸，使人責兆曰：「何不盡取？」杖之五十。

Erzhu Zhao, whose style name was Wanren, was a nephew of Erzhu Rong. From youth he was fierce and bold, expert at mounted archery, able to grapple fierce beasts with his bare hands, and swifter and more agile than anyone around him. He often accompanied Rong on the hunt, and whenever they reached sheer cliffs and impassable ravines that others could not climb, Zhao would go first. Rong prized him all the more for this and made him one of his trusted enforcers. Once, while escorting an envoy from the capital, Rong spotted two deer and sent Zhao ahead with only two arrows, saying, "Bring back these deer for today's meal." He then dismounted, kindled a fire, and waited. Before long Zhao returned with one of the deer. Rong wished to put on a show of authority and sent someone to rebuke Zhao: "Why did you not bring back both?" He then had Zhao beaten fifty strokes with the staff.

後以軍功除平遠將軍、步兵校尉。榮之入洛，兆兼前鋒都督。及孝莊即阼，特除中軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫，又假驍騎將軍、建興太守。尋除使持節、車騎將軍、武衞將軍、左光祿大夫、都督、潁川郡開國公，食邑千二百戶。後從上黨王天穆討平邢杲。及元顥之屯於河橋，榮遣兆與賀拔勝等自馬渚西夜渡數百騎，襲擊顥子冠受，擒之。又進破安豐王延明，顥於是退走。莊帝還宮，論功除散騎常侍、車騎大將軍、儀同三司，增邑八百戶。為汾州刺史，復增邑一千戶。尋加侍中、驃騎大將軍，又增邑五百戶。

Later, for military merit, he was appointed General Who Pacifies the Distance and Colonel of the Footsoldiers. When Rong marched into Luoyang, Zhao served concurrently as commander of the vanguard. When Emperor Xiaozhuang took the throne, Zhao was specially appointed General of the Central Army and Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, and was also given acting rank as General of Valiant Cavalry and Administrator of Jianxing. Soon after he received the staff of authority as General of Chariots and Cavalry and General of Martial Guards, was made Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and commander-in-chief, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Yingchuan Commandery with a fief of twelve hundred households. He later followed Tianmu, Prince of Shangdang, in the campaign that put down Xing Guo. When Yuan Hao was encamped at Heqiao, Rong sent Zhao with Helaba Sheng and others to ford the river west of Mazhu by night with several hundred horsemen, surprise Yuan Hao's son Guanshou, and take him captive. He then advanced and defeated the Prince of Anfeng, Yanming, and Yuan Hao withdrew in defeat. When Emperor Zhuang returned to the palace, Zhao was rewarded with appointment as Attendant-in-Ordinary, Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Chief of the Three Excellencies of Honor, and his fief was increased by eight hundred households. He was made Governor of Fen Province, and his fief was increased by another thousand households. Soon after he was made Palace Attendant and Grand General of Agile Cavalry, and his fief grew by five hundred households more.

及尒朱榮死也，兆自汾州率騎據晉陽。元曄立，[1]授兆大將軍，爵為王。兆與世隆等定謀攻洛，兆遂率眾南出。進達太行，大都督源子恭下都督史仵龍開壘降兆，子恭退走。兆輕兵倍道從河梁西涉渡，掩襲京邑。先是，河邊人夢神謂己曰：「尒朱家欲渡河，用爾作灅波津令，為之縮水脉。」月餘，夢者死。及兆至，有行人自言知水淺處，以草往往表插而導道焉。忽失其所在。兆遂策馬涉渡。是日，暴風鼓怒，黃塵漲天，騎叩宮門，宿衞乃覺。彎弓欲射，袍撥弦，矢不得發，一時散走。帝步出雲龍門外，為兆騎所縶，幽於永寧佛寺。兆撲殺皇子，汙辱妃嬪，縱兵虜掠。停洛旬餘，先令衞送莊帝於晉陽。兆後於河梁監閱財貨，遂害帝於三級寺。 [2]

After Erzhu Rong's death, Zhao led his cavalry from Fen Province and seized Jinyang. When Yuan Ye was enthroned, [1] Zhao was appointed Grand General and ennobled as a prince. Zhao and Shilong and the others agreed on a plan to attack Luoyang, and Zhao led his army south. As he advanced to the Taihang Mountains, Wu Long, a commander under the Great Commander-in-Chief Yuan Zigong, opened the fortress and surrendered to Zhao, and Zigong withdrew. Zhao marched his light troops at forced pace, forded the river west of Heqiao, and launched a surprise attack on the capital. Earlier, a man living by the river had dreamed that a god told him, "The Erzhu clan means to cross the river. I will make you magistrate of Zhanbo Ford and have you shrink the current for them." A little over a month later the dreamer died. When Zhao arrived, a passerby volunteered that he knew where the water was shallow and marked the ford by sticking tufts of grass along the route. Then he vanished without a trace. Zhao spurred his horse across the ford. That day a violent wind rose and yellow dust blotted out the sky. The horsemen were at the palace gates before the night guards even realized what was happening. They strung their bows to shoot, but their robes caught the strings and the arrows would not fly; in an instant they broke and fled. The emperor walked out beyond the Gate of Cloud Dragon, was seized by Zhao's horsemen, and confined in Yongning Monastery. Zhao had the imperial princes beaten to death, violated the palace women, and let his troops loot at will. He lingered in Luoyang for more than ten days, first sending guards to escort Emperor Zhuang to Jinyang. Zhao later went to Heqiao to oversee the seized goods and there murdered the emperor at the Three-Tier Monastery. Editorial note 2.

初，兆將向洛也，遣使招齊獻武王，欲與同舉。王時為晉州刺史，謂長史孫騰曰：「臣而伐君，其逆已甚。我今不往，彼必致恨。卿可往申吾意，但云山蜀未平，今方攻討，不可委之而去，致有後憂。定蜀之日，當隔河為犄角之勢。如此報之，以觀其趣。」騰乃詣兆，及之於并州大谷，具申王言。兆殊不悅，且曰：「還白高兄，弟有吉夢，今段之行必有克獲。」騰問：「王夢如何？」兆答曰：「吾比夢吾亡父登一高堆，堆旁之地悉皆耕熟，唯有馬藺草株往往猶在。吾父問言何故不拔，左右云堅不可去。吾父顧我令下拔之，吾手所至，無不盡出。以此而言，往必有利。」騰還具報，王曰：「兆等猖狂，舉兵犯上，吾今不同，猜忌成矣，勢不可反事尒朱。今也南行，天子列兵河上，兆進不能渡，退不得還。吾乘山東下，出其不意，此徒可以一舉而擒。」俄而，兆克京師，孝莊幽縶。都督尉景從兆南行，以書報王。王得書大驚，召騰示之曰：「卿可馳驛詣兆，示以謁賀，密觀天子今在何處，為隨兆軍府，為別送晉陽。脫其送并，卿宜馳報，吾當於路邀迎，唱大義於天下。」騰晨夜驅馳，已遇帝於中路。王時率騎東轉，聞帝已渡，於是西還。仍與兆書，陳其福禍，不宜害天子，受惡名。兆怒不納，帝遂暴崩。

Earlier, as Zhao was preparing to march on Luoyang, he sent an envoy to summon Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu, hoping to raise the standard together with him. Gao Huan was then Governor of Jin Province. He told his chief clerk Sun Teng, "For a subject to attack his sovereign is the gravest of rebellions. If I do not go now, he is sure to bear a grudge. Go and explain my position: say only that Shu is not yet pacified, that I am in the middle of a campaign, and that I cannot leave my post and invite trouble later. Once Shu is settled, I will take up a pincer position with him across the river. Report to him in those terms and see how he reacts." Sun Teng went to Zhao and caught up with him at the Great Valley in Bing Province, relaying Gao Huan's message in full. Zhao was deeply displeased and said, "Go back and tell Elder Brother Gao: I have had an auspicious dream, and this campaign is sure to succeed." Sun Teng asked, "What was your dream?" Zhao answered, "I dreamed that my dead father climbed a high mound. The ground around it was all plowed and ripe, but clumps of iris still stood here and there. My father asked why they had not been pulled up. Those beside him said the roots were too firm to remove. My father turned to me and told me to pull them up myself. Wherever my hand reached, every root came clean out of the ground. By that omen, the campaign is bound to succeed." When Sun Teng reported back in full, Gao Huan said, "Zhao and his faction are out of control, raising arms against the throne. If I do not join them now, suspicion is already fixed, and I can no longer turn back and serve the Erzhu. If I march south now, the emperor will array troops along the river. Zhao will not be able to advance across it, and he will not be able to retreat. I will come down from the mountains to the east and take them by surprise. We can seize the whole lot in one stroke." Before long Zhao took the capital, and Emperor Xiaozhuang was imprisoned. The commander Yu Jing marched south with Zhao and sent Gao Huan a letter with the news. Gao Huan was greatly alarmed when he read the letter. He summoned Sun Teng and said, "Ride post-haste to Zhao. Offer formal congratulations, but find out in secret where the emperor is—whether he is with Zhao's headquarters or being sent separately to Jinyang. If they are sending him to Bing Province, report back at once. I will intercept him on the road and proclaim the righteous cause to the realm." Sun Teng rode day and night, but met the emperor already on the road. Gao Huan had been leading his cavalry eastward, but when he heard the emperor had already been taken across the river, he turned back west. He wrote again to Zhao, laying out the consequences and urging him not to harm the emperor and earn an infamous name. Zhao refused in anger, and the emperor was murdered.

初，榮既死，莊帝詔河西人紇豆陵步蕃等令襲秀容。兆入洛後，步蕃兵勢甚盛，南逼晉陽，兆所以不暇留洛，回師禦之。兆雖驍果，本無策略，頻為步蕃所敗，於是部勒士馬，謀出山東。令人頻徵獻武王於晉州，乃分三州六鎮之人，令王統領。既分兵別營，乃引兵南出，以避步蕃之銳。步蕃至於樂平郡，王與兆還討破之，斬步蕃於秀容之石鼓山，其眾退走。兆將數十騎詣王，通夜宴飲。後還營招王，王知兆難信，未能顯示，將欲詣之。臨上馬，長史孫騰牽衣而止。兆乃隔水責罵騰等。於是各去，王還自襄垣東出，兆歸晉陽。

Earlier, after Rong's death, Emperor Zhuang had ordered the Hexi commander Yidouling Bufan and others to strike at Xiurong. After Zhao entered Luoyang, Bufan's forces grew very strong and pressed south toward Jinyang, which is why Zhao could not linger in the capital and had to turn back to face him. Zhao was bold in battle but had no real strategy, and Bufan defeated him again and again. He then regrouped his forces and planned to march east of the mountains. He repeatedly summoned Gao Huan to Jin Province and placed the populations of three provinces and six garrisons under his command. Once he had split his forces into separate camps, he marched south to avoid Bufan's main strength. When Bufan reached Leping Commandery, Gao Huan and Zhao turned back, defeated him, and beheaded him at Stone Drum Mountain in Xiurong. His army fled. Zhao came to Gao Huan with a few dozen horsemen, and they feasted together through the night. Later Zhao returned to camp and summoned Gao Huan again. Gao Huan knew Zhao could not be trusted but could not show it openly, and was about to go to him. As he was about to mount, Sun Teng seized his robe and held him back. Zhao shouted abuse at Sun Teng and the others from across the water. They parted: Gao Huan marched east from Xiangyuan, and Zhao returned to Jinyang.

及前廢帝立，授兆使持節、侍中、都督中外諸軍事、柱國大將軍、領軍將軍、領左右、并州刺史、兼錄尚書事、大行臺。又以兆為天柱大將軍，兆謂人曰：「此是叔父終官，我何敢受。」遂固辭不拜。尋加都督十州諸軍事，世襲并州刺史。

When the Former Deposed Emperor was enthroned, Zhao was given the staff of authority as Palace Attendant, commander-in-chief of all military affairs at home and abroad, Grand General of the State Pillar, commander of the army and of the left and right guards, Governor of Bing Province, and concurrently Recorder of the Masters of Writing and head of the Grand Office. He also offered Zhao the title Grand General of the Heavenly Pillar. Zhao said, "That was my uncle's final rank. How dare I accept it." He firmly declined the appointment. Soon after he was made commander-in-chief of military affairs in ten provinces, with the governorship of Bing Province made hereditary in his line.

齊獻武王之克殷州也，兆與仲遠、度律約共討之。仲遠、度律次於陽平，兆出井陘，屯於廣阿，眾號十萬。王廣縱反間，或云世隆兄弟謀欲害兆，復言兆與王同圖仲遠等，於是兩不相信，各致猜疑，徘徊不進。仲遠等頻使斛斯椿、賀拔勝往喻之，兆輕騎三百來就仲遠，同坐幕下。兆性粗獷，意色不平，手舞馬鞭，長嘯凝望，深疑仲遠等有變，遂趨出馳還。仲遠遣椿、勝等追而曉譬，兆遂拘縛將還，經日放遣。仲遠等於是奔退。王乃進擊兆，兆軍大敗。

When Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu, captured Yin Province, Zhao agreed with Zhongyuan and Dulu to join forces against him. Zhongyuan and Dulu encamped at Yangping. Zhao came through Jingxing Pass and encamped at Guang'a with a reported force of one hundred thousand men. Gao Huan spread disinformation far and wide: some reports said Shilong and his brothers meant to kill Zhao; others said Zhao and Gao Huan were plotting against Zhongyuan and the rest. Trust collapsed on both sides, suspicion grew, and the armies stalled. Zhongyuan and the others repeatedly sent Husijun and Helaba Sheng to reason with Zhao. Zhao came to Zhongyuan's camp with three hundred light horsemen and sat with him beneath the tent. Zhao was coarse and volatile. His face darkened, he whipped his horsewhip through the air, gave a long whistle, and stared hard, deeply suspecting treachery from Zhongyuan and the others. He bolted from the tent and galloped back to his camp. Zhongyuan sent Chun, Sheng, and the others after him to explain. Zhao seized and bound them, intending to take them back with him, but released them after a day. Zhongyuan and his allies then broke and fled. Gao Huan then attacked Zhao, and Zhao's army was routed.

兆與仲遠、度律遂相疑阻，久而不和。世隆請前廢帝納兆女為后，兆乃大喜。世隆厚禮喻兆赴洛，深示卑下，隨其所為，無敢違者。兆與天光、度律更自信約，然後大會於韓陵山。戰敗，復奔晉陽，遂大掠并州城內。獻武王自鄴進討之，兆遂走於秀容。王又追擊，度赤洪嶺，破之，眾並降散。兆竄於窮山，殺所乘馬，自縊於樹。王收而葬之。

Zhao, Zhongyuan, and Dulu grew mutually suspicious and remained at odds for a long time. Shilong persuaded the Former Deposed Emperor to take Zhao's daughter as empress, and Zhao was greatly pleased. Shilong courted Zhao with lavish gifts and urged him to come to Luoyang, showing the deepest deference. Whatever Zhao wanted, no one dared refuse. Zhao renewed his pact with Tianguang and Dulu, and then the allies gathered in force at Hanling Mountain. Defeated in battle, he fled again to Jinyang and looted the city of Bing Province. Gao Huan advanced from Ye to pursue him, and Zhao fled to Xiurong. Gao Huan pursued him again, crossed Red Flood Ridge, broke his force, and his men surrendered or scattered. Zhao fled into the wild hills, killed his horse, and hanged himself from a tree. Gao Huan recovered the body and gave him burial.

兆果於戰鬬，每有征伐，常居鋒首，當時諸將伏其材力。而粗脫少智，無將領之能。榮雖奇其膽決，然每云「兆不過將三千騎，多則亂矣」。

Zhao was fierce in battle and always took the lead in every campaign; the generals of the day respected his strength. But he was crude, rash, and not very clever, and lacked the talents of a true commander. Rong admired his boldness, yet he often said, "Zhao is good for no more than three thousand horsemen. Give him more and he falls apart."

兆弟智虎，前廢帝封為安定王，驃騎大將軍、肆州刺史、開府儀同三司。與兆俱走，獻武王擒之於梁郡岢嵐南山，赦之。後死於晉陽。

Zhao's younger brother Zhihu was enfeoffed by the Former Deposed Emperor as Prince of Anding, with the ranks of Grand General of Agile Cavalry, Governor of Si Province, and Grandee of the First Order with an office equal to the Three Excellencies. He fled with Zhao, but Gao Huan captured him on the southern slope of Kelan in Liang Commandery and pardoned him. He later died at Jinyang.

尒朱彥伯，榮從弟也。祖侯真，高祖時并安二州刺史、始昌侯。父買珍，世宗時武衞將軍，出為華州刺史。

Erzhu Yanbo was a younger cousin of Erzhu Rong. His grandfather Hou Zhen had served under Emperor Gaozu as Governor of Bing and An provinces and as Marquis of Shichang. His father Maizhen had been General of the Martial Guard under Emperor Shizong and was later sent out to govern Hua Province.

彥伯性和厚，釋褐奉朝請，累遷奉車都尉，為榮府長史。元曄立，以為侍中。前廢帝潛默龍花佛寺，彥伯敦喻往來，尤有勤款。廢帝既立，尒朱兆以己不預謀，大為忿恚，將攻世隆。詔令華山王鷙兼尚書僕射、北道大使慰喻兆，兆猶不釋。世隆復遣彥伯自往喻之，兆乃止。及還，帝醼彥伯於顯陽殿。時侍中源子恭、黃門郎竇瑗並侍坐，彥伯曰：「源侍中比為都督，與臣相持於河內，當爾之時，旗鼓相望，眇如天隔，寧期同事陛下今日之歡也。」子恭曰：「蒯通有言，犬吠非其主。他日之事永安，猶今日之事陛下耳。」帝曰：「源侍中可謂有射鈎之心也。」遂令二人極醉而罷。尋除使持節、驃騎大將軍、右光祿大夫、馬場大都督，封博陵郡開國公。後進爵為王。又遷司徒，于時炎旱，有勸彥伯解司徒者，乃上表遜位，詔許之。俄除儀同三司、侍中。彥伯於兄弟之中，差無過患。

Erzhu Yanbo was warm and steady by nature. He began his career as a court attendant, rose to Commandant of the Imperial Chariots, and served as chief clerk in Erzhu Rong's household. When Yuan Ye took the throne, Yanbo was made Palace Attendant. While the Former Deposed Emperor kept up his pretense of silence at Longhua Temple, Yanbo visited him repeatedly with earnest persuasion and showed him unusual loyalty. After the Former Deposed Emperor was enthroned, Zhao flew into a rage at having been left out of the conspiracy and prepared to attack Shilong. The court ordered Prince of Huashan Zhi, concurrently Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Northern Route envoy, to reason with Zhao, but Zhao still refused to stand down. Shilong sent Yanbo to Zhao in person, and only then did Zhao halt his advance. On Yanbo's return, the emperor held a feast for him in the Xianyang Hall. Palace Attendant Yuan Zigon and Yellow Gate Gentleman Dou Yuan were also present. Yanbo said, "Palace Attendant Yuan, when you were area commander we faced each other across the lines at Henei. Our camps were worlds apart then. Who would have guessed we would drink together at the emperor's table today?" Zigon replied, "Kuai Tong once said that a dog barks for whoever is its master. Serving Prince of Yong'an then is no different from serving Your Majesty now." The emperor said, "Palace Attendant Yuan truly has the loyalty of one who once drew a hook-tipped arrow against his lord." He then had the two men drink until they were thoroughly drunk and ended the banquet. Shortly afterward Yanbo received the staff of authority as Grand General of Agile Cavalry, Grandee of Splendid Virtue of the Right, and Grand Commander of the Horse Pastures, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Boling. He was later raised to princely rank. He was next made Minister over the Masses. During a severe drought some advised Yanbo to step down from the ministry; he submitted a resignation, and the emperor accepted it. Soon afterward he was appointed Grandee Equal to the Three Ducal Ministers and Palace Attendant. Among the Erzhu brothers, Yanbo was relatively free of serious wrongdoing.

天光等敗於韓陵，彥伯欲領兵屯河橋以為聲勢，世隆不從。及張勸等掩襲世隆，[3]彥伯時在禁直從。長孫稚等於神虎門啟陳齊獻武王義功既振，將除尒朱。廢帝令舍人郭崇報彥伯知。彥伯狼狽出走，為人所執。尋與世隆同斬於閶闔門外，懸首於斛斯椿門樹，傳首於齊獻武王。先是，洛中謠曰：「三月末，四月初，揚灰簸土覔真珠。」又曰：「頭去項，脚根齊，驅上樹，不須梯。」至是並驗。

After Tianguang's defeat at Hanling, Yanbo wanted to take troops to Heqiao and make a stand, but Shilong refused. When Zhang Quan and his men seized Shilong by surprise, [3] Yanbo happened to be on duty in the palace. At the Divine Tiger Gate, Changsun Zhi reported that Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu, had already triumphed and was preparing to destroy the Erzhu clan. The emperor sent Palace Attendant Guo Chong to warn Yanbo. Yanbo bolted in disarray and was captured. He was soon beheaded with Shilong outside the Changhe Gate. His head was hung on the tree by Husi Chun's gate and then sent to Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu. Earlier a song in Luoyang had run: "Late in the third month, early in the fourth, raise dust and sift the soil hunting pearls." It also said, "Head parted from neck, feet flush with the roots; hoist him up a tree without a ladder." When the time came, both prophecies proved true.

彥伯弟仲遠，頗知書計。肅宗末年，尒朱榮兵威稍盛，諸有啟謁，率多見從。而仲遠摹寫榮書，又刻榮印，與尚書令史通為姦詐，造榮啟表，請人為官，大得財貨，以資酒色，落魄無行。

Yanbo's younger brother Zhongyuan was literate and good with accounts. In the closing years of Emperor Suzong's reign, Rong's military power grew, and most petitions brought to him were approved. Zhongyuan copied Rong's correspondence, carved a counterfeit of his seal, and conspired with Masters of Writing clerks to forge Rong's memorials recommending men for office. He amassed a fortune, squandered it on wine and women, and lived as a reckless wastrel.

及孝莊即阼，除直寢、寧遠將軍、步兵校尉。尋特除平北將軍、建興太守，頓丘縣開國侯，邑五百戶。後加散騎常侍。及改郡立州，遷使持節、車騎將軍、建州刺史。加侍中，進爵為公，增邑五百戶。尋改封清河郡，又加車騎大將軍、左光祿大夫。轉使持節、本將軍、徐州刺史、兼尚書左僕射、三徐州大行臺。尋進督三徐州諸軍事，餘如故。仲遠上言曰：「將統參佐，人數不足，事須在道更僕以充其員。竊見比來行臺採募者皆得權立中正，在軍定第，斟酌授官。今求兼置，權濟軍要。」詔從之。於是隨情補授，肆意聚斂。尒朱榮死，仲遠勒眾來向京師，攻陷西兗州，將逼東郡。莊帝詔諸督將駱驛進討，並為仲遠所敗。又詔都督鄭先護及右衞將軍賀拔勝共討之。勝戰不利，仍降仲遠。尋尒朱兆入洛，先護眾散而走。

When the Zhuang Emperor took the throne, Zhongyuan was made Direct Attendant of the Inner Quarters, General Who Pacifies the Distance, and Colonel of the Footsoldiers. He was soon specially appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Administrator of Jianxing, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Dunqiu with a fief of five hundred households. He was later given the additional title of Regular Attendant of the Dispersed Cavalry. When the administrative districts were reorganized from commanderies into provinces, he became Bearer of the Staff of Authority, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Governor of Jian Province. He was also made Palace Attendant, raised to ducal rank, and given five hundred additional fief households. His fief was soon changed to Qinghe Commandery, and he received the additional ranks of Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Grandee of Splendid Virtue of the Left. He was transferred to Bearer of the Staff of Authority and Governor of Xu Province, while retaining his general's rank and serving concurrently as Vice Director of the Left of the Masters of Writing and head of the Eastern Route Grand Office for the three Xu provinces. He was soon made commander of all military affairs in the three Xu provinces; his other titles remained unchanged. Zhongyuan memorialized the throne: "My staff officers are too few. I need authority to appoint replacements along the march to fill the ranks. I note that recent recruits under the Eastern Route Office have been allowed to set up provisional zhongzheng officers, rank men in camp, and assign posts as they see fit. I ask for the same authority now, as a temporary measure to meet the army's needs." The emperor approved his request. He then handed out offices at whim and plundered without restraint. After Rong's death, Zhongyuan marched on the capital with his army, seized Western Yan Province, and threatened Eastern Commandery. The Zhuang Emperor ordered his commanders to pursue Zhongyuan in forced marches, but Zhongyuan defeated them all. The court then ordered Area Commander Zheng Xianhu and General of the Right Guard Helaba Sheng to attack him together. Sheng was beaten in battle and went over to Zhongyuan. Soon afterward Zhao entered Luoyang, and Xianhu's army broke and fled.

前廢帝立，除使持節，侍中，都督三徐、二兗諸軍事，驃騎大將軍，開府儀同三司，徐州刺史，東道大都督，大行臺，進爵彭城王。尋加大將軍，又兼尚書令。竟不之州，遂鎮於大梁。仲遠遣使請準朝式，在軍鳴騶。帝覽啟，笑而許之。其肆情如此。復進督東道諸軍、本將軍、兗州刺史，餘如故。

When the Former Deposed Emperor took the throne, Zhongyuan received the staff of authority as Palace Attendant, commander of the three Xu and two Yan provinces, Grand General of Agile Cavalry, governor of Xu Province, head of the Eastern Route and of the Grand Office, and was raised to Prince of Pengcheng. He was soon made Grand General and concurrently Director of the Masters of Writing. He never went to his province at all and instead made his base at Daliang. Zhongyuan asked permission to follow full court protocol and to have heralds clear the road for him even in camp. The emperor read the request, laughed, and approved it. That was how far his arrogance went. He was further made commander of all Eastern Route armies and Governor of Yan Province while keeping his other titles.

仲遠天性貪暴，大宗富族，誣之以反，歿其家口，簿籍財物，皆以入己，丈夫死者投之河流，如此者不可勝數。諸將婦有美色者，莫不被其淫亂。自滎陽以東，輸稅悉入其軍，不送京師。時天光控關右，仲遠在大梁，兆據并州，世隆居京邑，各自專恣，權強莫比焉。所在並以貪虐為事，於是四方解體。又加太宰，解大行臺。仲遠專恣尤劇，方之彥伯、世隆最為無禮，東南牧守下至民俗，比之豺狼，特為患苦。

Zhongyuan was greedy and brutal by nature. He framed great clans and rich families for treason, exterminated their households, seized their property, and kept it all for himself. The men he killed he threw into the river; there were more victims than anyone could count. No attractive general's wife escaped his abuse. From Xingyang eastward, all tax revenues went to his army instead of the capital. Tianguang held the northwest, Zhongyuan ruled from Daliang, Zhao controlled Bing Province, and Shilong dominated the capital. Each ruled like a petty tyrant, and none could match their combined power. Everywhere they ruled through greed and cruelty, and the empire began to come apart. He was also made Grand Preceptor and relieved of the Grand Office. Zhongyuan was the worst of the lot—even more overbearing than Yanbo or Shilong. From southeastern officials down to ordinary people, he was compared to wolves and jackals, and he brought suffering above all the rest.

後移屯東郡，率眾與度律等拒齊獻武王。尒朱兆領騎數千自晉陽來會，軍次陽平，王縱以間說，仲遠等迭相猜疑，狼狽遁走。後與天光等於韓陵戰敗，南走東郡，仍奔蕭衍。死於江南。

He later shifted his camp to Eastern Commandery and joined Dulu and the others in opposing Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu. Zhao came from Jinyang with several thousand horsemen to join him. At Yangping, Gao Huan spread rumors to sow discord; Zhongyuan and his allies turned on one another in suspicion and fled in disorder. After he and Tianguang were defeated at Hanling, he fled south to Eastern Commandery and then defected to Xiao Yan. He died in the south.

仲遠弟世隆，字榮宗。肅宗末，為直齋。轉直寢，後兼直閤，加前將軍。尒朱榮表請入朝，靈太后惡之，令世隆詣晉陽慰喻榮，榮因欲留之。世隆曰：「朝廷疑兄，故令世隆來，今若遂住，便有內備，非計之善者。」榮乃遣之。榮舉兵南出，世隆遂遁走，會榮於上黨。

Zhongyuan's younger brother Shilong, styled Rongzong. Near the end of Emperor Suzong's reign he served as Direct Attendant of the Fast. He became Direct Attendant of the Inner Quarters, later also Direct Attendant of the Pavilion, and was given the rank of General of the Vanguard. When Rong petitioned to enter the capital, Empress Dowager Ling distrusted him and sent Shilong to Jinyang to reason with him. Rong then tried to keep Shilong there. Shilong said, "The court distrusts you—that is why I was sent. If I stay, the court will go on alert at home, and that is a poor plan." Rong let him go. When Rong marched south with his army, Shilong slipped away and rejoined him at Shangdang.

建義初，除給事黃門侍郎。莊帝即位，乃特除侍中、領軍將軍、左衞將軍、領左右、肆州大中正，封樂平郡開國公，食邑一千二百戶。又除車騎將軍、兼領軍，俄授左光祿大夫、兼尚書右僕射，尋即真。元顥逼大梁，詔假儀同三司、前軍都督，鎮虎牢。世隆不關世事，無將帥之略。顥既克滎陽，擒行臺楊昱，[4]世隆懼而遁還。莊帝倉卒北巡，世隆之罪也。駕在河內，假驃騎大將軍、行臺右僕射、都督相州諸軍事、相州刺史、當州都督。及車駕還宮，除驃騎大將軍、尚書左僕射，攝選，左右廂出入。又以停年格取士，頗為猥滯所稱。又請解侍中，詔加散騎常侍。

At the start of the Jianyi era he was made Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate. When the Zhuang Emperor took the throne, Shilong was specially made Palace Attendant, General Who Leads the Army, General of the Left Guard, and commander of the left and right guards, with the title of Chief Rectifier of Si Province, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Leping with a fief of twelve hundred households. He was next made General of Chariots and Cavalry while retaining command of the army, then Grandee of Splendid Virtue of the Left and concurrently Vice Director of the Right of the Masters of Writing, and soon received those posts in full. When Yuan Hao threatened Daliang, Shilong was provisionally made Grandee Equal to the Three Ducal Ministers and Vanguard area commander and ordered to hold Hulao. Shilong took no interest in public affairs and had no talent for command. After Yuan Hao took Xingyang and captured Eastern Route Commissioner Yang Yu, [4] Shilong panicked and abandoned his post. The Zhuang Emperor's sudden flight north was Shilong's doing. While the emperor was at Henei, Shilong was provisionally made Grand General of Agile Cavalry, Acting Vice Director of the Right of the Eastern Route Office, commander of Xiang Province's armies, and Governor of Xiang Province. When the emperor returned to the palace, Shilong was made Grand General of Agile Cavalry and Vice Director of the Left of the Masters of Writing, placed in charge of official selection, and given control over access through the palace side chambers. He also appointed men by seniority under the tingnian system, which earned him praise from the mediocre and the cautious. He also asked to be relieved of the Palace Attendant post and was given the additional title of Regular Attendant of the Dispersed Cavalry.

莊帝之將圖尒朱榮也，或有牓世隆門以陳其狀者，世隆封以呈榮，勸其不入。榮自恃威強，不以為意，遂手毀密書，唾地曰：「世隆無膽，誰敢生心！」及榮死，世隆奉榮妻，燒西陽門率眾夜走，北攻河橋，殺武衞將軍奚毅，率眾還戰大夏門外。朝野震懼，憂在不測。莊帝遣前華陽太守段育慰喻，世隆斬之以徇。會李苗燒絕河梁，世隆乃北遁。建州刺史陸希質閉城拒守，世隆攻克之，盡殺城人以肆其忿。及至長子，與度律等共推長廣王曄為主，曄以世隆為開府儀同三司、尚書令、樂平郡王，加太傅，行司州牧，增邑五千戶。先赴京師，會兆於河陽。兆既平京邑，自以為功，讓世隆曰：「叔父在朝多時，耳目應廣，如何不知不聞，令天柱受禍！」按劍瞋目，聲色甚厲。世隆遜辭拜謝，然後得已。世隆深恨之。

When the Zhuang Emperor was plotting against Rong, someone posted a notice on Shilong's gate describing the plan. Shilong sealed it, showed it to Rong, and urged him not to enter the capital. Rong, confident in his power, ignored the warning. He tore up the letter, spat on the ground, and said, "Shilong hasn't the nerve for treason—who would dare move against me?" After Rong was killed, Shilong escorted Rong's wife, burned the Xiyang Gate, fled by night with his troops, attacked Heqiao from the north, killed General of the Martial Guard Xi Yi, and then turned back to fight outside the Daxia Gate. Court and country were terrified, fearing the worst. The Zhuang Emperor sent former Administrator of Huayang Duan Yu to negotiate with him, but Shilong executed Yu and displayed his head. Li Miao burned the river bridge, and Shilong fled north. Governor of Jian Province Lu Xizhi shut the city and resisted, but Shilong took it and slaughtered the entire population in revenge. At Changzi he joined Dulu and the others in proclaiming Prince of Changguang Ye as ruler. Ye made Shilong Grandee Equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, Director of the Masters of Writing, and Prince of Leping, with the additional titles of Grand Tutor and Acting Governor of Si Province, and added five thousand households to his fief. He went on ahead to the capital and met Zhao at Heyang. After Zhao pacified the capital, he took credit for the victory and rebuked Shilong: "You were at court for years, Uncle—your eyes and ears should have been everywhere. How could you have known nothing and let the State Pillar die?" He gripped his sword, glared, and spoke in a voice of fury. Shilong apologized humbly, and only then did Zhao let the matter drop. Shilong nursed a deep grudge over the incident.

時仲遠亦自滑臺入京，世隆與兄弟密謀，以元曄疏遠，欲推立前廢帝。而尒朱度律意在寶炬，乃曰：「廣陵不言，何以主天下？」世隆兄彥伯密相敦喻，乃與度律同往龍花佛寺觀之，後知能語，遂行廢立。

Zhongyuan had also entered the capital from Huatai. Shilong and his brothers secretly agreed that Yuan Ye was too remote a figure and planned to put the Former Deposed Emperor on the throne instead. But Dulu favored Baoju and objected: "If Guangling will not speak, how can he rule the realm?" Shilong's brother Yanbo persuaded him in private, then went with Dulu to Longhua Buddhist Temple to see the Former Deposed Emperor. Once they confirmed that he could speak, they proceeded with the deposition and restoration.

初，世隆之為僕射，自憂不了，乃取尚書文簿在家省閱。性聰解，積十餘日，然後視事。又畏尒朱榮威，深自克勉，留心几案，傍接賓客，遂有解了之名。榮死之後，無所顧憚。及為尚書令，常使尚書郎宋遊道、邢昕在其宅廳視事，東西別坐，受納訴訟，稱命施行。其專恣如此。既總朝政，生殺自由，公行淫佚，無復畏避，信任羣小，隨其與奪。又欲收軍人之意，加汎除授，皆以將軍而兼散職，督將兵吏無虛號者。自此五等大夫，遂致猥濫，又無員限，天下賤之。武定中，齊文襄奏皆罷，於是始革其弊。

When Shilong first became Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, he feared he was not up to the post and brought the Ministry's case files home to study. Quick-witted by nature, he spent more than ten days at home before he finally took office. He also feared Rong's power, so he applied himself rigorously, kept close watch over his paperwork, and received guests attentively until he earned a name for being capable. After Rong's death, he no longer had anything to restrain him. Once he became Director of the Masters of Writing, he routinely had Secretariat Attendants Song Youdao and Xing Xin hold court in the hall of his own residence, seated apart east and west, taking petitions and issuing orders as though from his own hand. Such was the extent of his arbitrary rule. Once he held the reins of government, he disposed of lives as he pleased, indulged his appetites openly, and no longer held back. He put his trust in petty men and gave or took away whatever he wished. Seeking to win the army's loyalty, he handed out appointments indiscriminately. Every man received a general's rank with some additional honorary post, so that among officers, commanders, soldiers, and clerks there was scarcely a man without a title. From that point the fifth-rank grandee titles became debased and overused, with no limit on numbers, and the empire held the practice in contempt. During the Wuding reign, Gao Cheng, Prince Wenxiang of Qi, memorialized to abolish the practice entirely, and only then was the abuse finally corrected.

世隆兄弟羣從，各擁強兵，割剝四海，極其暴虐。姦諂蛆酷多見信用，[5]溫良名士罕預腹心。於是天下之人莫不厭毒。世隆尋讓太傅，改授太保，又固辭，前廢帝特置儀同三師之官，次上公之下，以世隆為之。贈其父買珍使持節、侍中、相國、錄尚書事、都督定相青齊濟五州諸軍事、大司馬、定州刺史。

Shilong's brothers and kinsmen each commanded powerful armies, plundered the empire, and carried their cruelty to the utmost. Flatterers, schemers, and cruel toadies won his trust, [5] while upright scholars of gentle character were seldom admitted to his confidence. All under Heaven came to loathe them. Shilong soon resigned as Grand Tutor and was offered Grand Preceptor instead, but declined that as well. The Former Deposed Emperor then created a special post of Three Masters Equal in Honor, ranking just below the highest dukes, and appointed Shilong to it. He posthumously honored his father Maizhen with the titles of Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, Chancellor of State, Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, Commander-in-Chief of Military Affairs for Ding, Xiang, Qing, Qi, and Ji provinces, Grand Marshal, and Governor of Ding Province.

及齊獻武王起義兵，仲遠、度律等愚戇，恃強不以為慮，而世隆獨深憂恐。及天光戰敗，世隆請出收兵，前廢帝不許。世隆令其外兵參軍陽叔淵單騎馳赴北中，簡閱敗眾，以次內之。而斛斯椿未得入城，詭說叔淵曰：「天光部下皆是西人，聞其欲掠京邑，遷都長安。宜先內我，以為其備。」叔淵信而內之。椿既至橋，盡殺世隆黨附，令行臺長孫稚詣闕奏狀，別使都督賈智、張勸率騎掩執世隆與兄彥伯，俱斬之。時年三十三。

When Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu, raised the banner of revolt, Zhongyuan and Dulu were dull and overconfident, trusting in their strength and giving the threat little thought, while Shilong alone was deeply alarmed. After Tianguang's defeat, Shilong asked to go out and rally the troops, but the Former Deposed Emperor refused. Shilong sent his external affairs aide Yang Shuyuan riding alone to the North Gate to review the defeated troops and admit them one by one. Helaba Chun had not yet entered the city. He lied to Shuyuan, saying, "Tianguang's men are all westerners. I hear they mean to plunder the capital and move the court to Chang'an. Admit me first, so I can stand guard against them." Shuyuan believed him and let him in. Once Chun reached the bridge, he slaughtered Shilong's followers, sent Branch Secretariat Chief Changsun Zhi to the palace to report what had happened, and dispatched Commanders Jia Zhi and Zhang Quan with cavalry to seize Shilong and his brother Yanbo. Both were executed. He was thirty-three years old.

初，世隆曾與吏部尚書元世儁握槊，忽聞局上歘然有聲，一局之子盡皆倒立，世隆甚惡之。世隆又曾晝寢，其妻奚氏忽見有一人持世隆首去，奚氏驚怖就視，而世隆寢如故也。既覺，謂妻曰：「向夢人斷我頭去，意殊不適。」又此年正月晦日，令、僕並不上省，西門不開。忽有河內太守田怗家奴告省門亭長云：[6]「今旦為令王借車牛一乘，終日於洛濱遊觀。至晚，王還省，將車出東掖門，[7]始覺車上無褥，請為記識。」時世隆封王，故呼為令王。亭長以令、僕不上，西門不開，無車入省，兼無車跡。此奴固陳不已，公文列訴。尚書都令史謝遠疑謂妄有假借，白世隆付曹推檢。時都官郎穆子容窮究之，奴言：「初來時至司空府西，欲向省，令王嫌遲，遣二防閤捉儀刀催車。車入，到省西門，王嫌牛小，繫於闕下槐樹，更將一青牛駕車。令王著白紗高頂帽，短小黑色，[8]儐從皆裙襦袴褶，握板，不似常時服章。遂遣一吏將奴送入省中廳事東閤內東廂第一屋中。」其屋先常閉籥。子容以西門不開，忽言從入；此屋常閉，奴言在中。詰其虛罔。奴云：「此屋若閉，求得開看，屋中有一板牀，牀上無席，大有塵土，兼有一甕米。奴拂牀而坐，兼畫地戲弄，甕中之米亦握看之。定其閉者，應無事驗。」子容與謝遠自入看之，戶閉極久，全無開跡。及入，拂牀畫地，蹤緒歷然，米亦符同，方知不謬。具以此對。世隆悵然，意以為惡。未幾見誅。

Earlier, Shilong had been playing a board game with Minister of Personnel Yuan Shijun when every piece on the board suddenly flipped over with a sharp crack. Shilong took it as a terrible omen. Shilong also once napped in the daytime. His wife Lady Xi suddenly saw a man carrying off Shilong's head. Terrified, she rushed to look, but Shilong was still asleep as before. When he woke, he told his wife, "I dreamed just now that someone cut off my head and carried it away. I feel deeply unsettled." On the last day of the first month that year, neither the Director nor the Vice Director reported to the office, and the west gate remained closed. Suddenly a household slave of Governor of Henei Tian Tie came to the provincial gate sentry chief and said: [6] "This morning I lent a cart and ox to the Director-Prince, who spent the entire day sightseeing along the Luo River. In the evening the Prince returned to the office and drove the cart out through the East Side Gate. [7] Only then did he notice the cart had no cushion and asked that the matter be noted down." Shilong had been enfeoffed as a prince, so he was called the Director-Prince. The sentry chief replied that the Director and Vice Director had not reported to the office, the west gate had not been opened, no cart could have entered, and there were no cart tracks to be seen. The slave insisted on his story, and a formal complaint was entered on the record. Secretariat Chief Clerk Xie Yuanyi suspected a false claim and reported the matter to Shilong, who ordered the appropriate bureau to investigate. Capital Crimes Section Attendant Mu Zirong conducted a full inquiry. The slave said, "When I first arrived I reached the west side of the Minister of Works' mansion and was heading for the office. The Director-Prince, annoyed at the delay, sent two guards with ceremonial swords to hurry the cart along. The cart entered and reached the west gate of the office. The Prince thought the ox too small, tied it beneath the locust tree at the gate tower, and switched to a blue ox to drive the cart. The Director-Prince wore a white gauze high-peaked cap and short black garments. [8] His attendants all wore skirted jackets and trousers, carried tablets, and looked nothing like their usual ceremonial dress. He then sent a clerk to escort the slave into the first room of the east wing inside the east pavilion of the office's central hall." That room had always been kept locked. Zirong, noting that the west gate had not been opened, challenged the claim that the slave had entered through it; and because the room was always kept locked, he challenged the slave's claim that he had been inside. He pressed him on the impossibility of the story. The slave said, "If the room is locked, open it and look. Inside you'll find a plank bed with no mat, thick with dust, and a jar of rice. I brushed off the bed and sat down, scratched marks on the floor for amusement, and even picked up and examined the rice in the jar. If the room has truly been shut all along, there should be no sign of any of this." Zirong and Xie Yuan went in to look for themselves. The door had been shut for a long time, and there was no sign it had been opened. Once inside, they found the bed brushed clean and marks scratched on the floor exactly as described, and the rice matched as well. They knew then that the slave had not lied. They reported all of this in full. Shilong was deeply unsettled and took it as a bad sign. Before long he was put to death.

世隆弟世承。莊帝初，為寧朔將軍、步兵校尉，欒城縣開國伯。又特除撫軍將軍、金紫光祿大夫、左衞將軍。尋加侍中，領御史中尉。世承人才猥劣，備員而已。及元顥內逼，詔世承守轘轅。世隆棄虎牢，不暇追告，尋為元顥所擒，臠殺之。莊帝還宮，贈使持節、都督冀州諸軍事、驃騎大將軍、司徒、冀州刺史，追封趙郡公。

Shilong had a younger brother named Shicheng. At the start of the Zhuang Emperor's reign, he was made General of Peaceful Campaigns, Colonel of Footsoldiers, and Baron of Luancheng County. He also received special appointment as General Who Pacifies the Army, Grand Master of the Golden Crown and Purple Canopy, and General of the Left Guard. He was soon made Palace Attendant as well and appointed Inspector-General of the Censorate. Shicheng was a man of mean ability and filled the post in name only. When Yuan Hao pressed inward toward the capital, an edict ordered Shicheng to hold Huanxuan Pass. Shilong abandoned Huber without time to warn him. Shicheng was soon captured by Yuan Hao and torn limb from limb. After the Zhuang Emperor returned to the palace, he posthumously honored Shicheng as Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Commander-in-Chief of Military Affairs for Ji Province, Grand General of Fast Cavalry, Minister over the Masses, and Governor of Ji Province, and posthumously enfeoffed him as Duke of Zhao Commandery.

世承弟弼，字輔伯。前廢帝初，為散騎常侍、左衞將軍，封朝陽縣開國伯。又除車騎將軍、左光祿大夫、領左右，改封河間郡公。尋為驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、青州刺史。天光等之赴韓陵也，世隆以其府長史房謨兼尚書，為齊州行臺，召募士馬，以趣四瀆。〈闕〉弼總東陽之眾，亦赴亂城，〈疑〉揚聲北渡，以為掎角之勢。及天光等敗，弼乃還州。世隆既擒，弼欲奔蕭衍，數與左右割臂為約。弼帳下都督馮紹隆為弼信待，乃說弼曰：「今方同契闊，須更約盟。宜可當心瀝血，示眾以信。」弼乃從之，遂大集部下，弼乃踞胡牀，令紹隆持刀披心。紹隆因推刃殺之，傳首京師。

Shicheng had a younger brother, Bi, whose courtesy name was Fubo. At the start of the Former Deposed Emperor's reign, he was made Palace Attendant-Cavalier at Large and General of the Left Guard, and enfeoffed as Baron of Chaoyang County. He was also appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry, Grand Master of the Left Splendor Canopy, and Commander of the Left and Right, and his title was raised to Duke of Hejian Commandery. He was soon made Grand General of Fast Cavalry, Grandee Equal to the Three Ducal Ministers with Bountiful Court, and Governor of Qing Province. When Tianguang and the others marched to Hanling, Shilong appointed his bureau chief Fang Mo concurrent Director of the Masters of Writing and head of the Qizhou Branch Secretariat to raise troops and hurry toward the Four Channels. 〈Text missing.〉 Bi gathered the forces of Dongyang and also marched toward Luancheng, 〈Doubtful reading.〉 Declaring that he would cross north of the river to form a pincer with the main force. After Tianguang's defeat, Bi returned to his province. After Shilong was captured, Bi planned to flee to Xiao Yan and repeatedly cut his arm with his close followers to bind them in oath. Feng Shaolong, a commander in Bi's camp whom Bi trusted, urged him, "We are bound together in hardship now. We must renew our oath. You should pierce your heart and let the blood flow, to show the men your good faith." Bi agreed. He assembled all his subordinates, sat on a camp chair, and ordered Shaolong to take a knife and cut open his chest. Shaolong drove the blade home and killed him, then sent his head to the capital.

尒朱度律，榮從父弟也。鄙朴少言。為統軍，從榮征伐。莊帝初，除安西將軍、光祿大夫，封樂鄉縣開國伯。尋轉安北將軍、朔州刺史，復除軍州刺史。 [9]後加散騎常侍、右衞將軍。又除衞將軍、左光祿大夫，兼京畿大都督。榮死，與世隆赴晉陽。元曄之立，以度律為太尉公、四面大都督，封常山王。與尒朱兆入洛，兆還晉陽，留度律鎮京師。前廢帝時，為使持節、侍中、大將軍、太尉、兼尚書令、東北道大行臺，與仲遠出拒義旗。齊獻武王間之，與尒朱兆遂相疑貳，自敗而還。度律雖在軍戎，聚斂無厭，所至之處，為百姓患毒。其母山氏聞度律敗，遂恚憤而發病。及度律至，母責之曰：「汝既荷國恩，無狀反叛，我何忍見他屠戮汝也。」言終而卒，時人怪異之。後解大行臺，總隸長孫稚，戰於韓陵，敗還。斛斯椿先據河梁，度律欲攻之，會大雨，晝夜不止，士馬疲頓，弓矢不得施用，遂西走於灅波津，為人擒執。椿囚之，送於齊獻武王。王送於洛，斬之都市。

Erzhu Dulu was a cousin of Rong's. He was coarse and plain-spoken and said little. As a commanding general, he followed Rong on campaign. At the start of the Zhuang Emperor's reign, he was made General Who Pacifies the West, Grand Master of the Splendor Canopy, and Baron of Lexiang County. He was soon transferred to General Who Pacifies the North and Governor of Shuo Province, and later appointed Governor of Jun Province. [9] He was later made Palace Attendant-Cavalier at Large and General of the Right Guard as well. He was further made General of the Guard and Grand Master of the Left Splendor Canopy, and concurrently placed in command of the metropolitan region. After Rong's death, he went with Shilong to Jinyang. When Yuan Ye was enthroned, Dulu was made Duke of Grand Commandant and Commander-in-Chief of the Four Directions, and enfeoffed as Prince of Changshan. He entered Luoyang with Zhao. Zhao returned to Jinyang and left Dulu to garrison the capital. Under the Former Deposed Emperor, he held the posts of Bearer of the Staff of Authority, Palace Attendant, Grand General, Grand Commandant, and concurrent Director of the Masters of Writing, and as head of the Northeast Branch Secretariat marched out with Zhongyuan to oppose the rebel banner. When Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu, learned of this, he and Zhao turned suspicious of each other and fell to quarreling, defeating themselves before they withdrew. Even on campaign Dulu extorted without limit. Wherever he went he was a scourge to the people. His mother Lady Shan, hearing of Dulu's defeat, fell ill with grief and anger. When Dulu arrived, his mother rebuked him, saying, "You owed the state a debt of gratitude, yet you rebelled without cause. How could I bear to watch others cut you down?" She died as soon as she had finished speaking. People at the time regarded it as extraordinary. He was later relieved of the Branch Secretariat and placed under Changsun Zhi's command. He fought at Hanling, was defeated, and retreated. Helaba Chun had already seized Heqiao. Dulu tried to attack him, but a torrential rain fell without pause day and night. His men and horses were worn out, their bows useless, and he fled west to Ruobo Ford, where he was captured. Chun imprisoned him and sent him to Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu. Gao Huan sent him to Luoyang, where he was executed in the marketplace.

尒朱天光，榮從祖兄子。少勇決，善弓馬，榮親愛之，每有軍戎事要，常預謀策。孝昌末，榮將擁眾南轉，與天光密議。既據并肆，仍以天光為都將，總統肆州兵馬。肅宗崩，榮向京師，以天光攝行肆州，委以後事。建義初，特除撫軍將軍、肆州刺史，長安縣開國公，食邑一千戶。榮將討葛榮，留天光在州，鎮其根本。謂之曰：「我身不得至處，非汝無以稱我心。」

Erzhu Tianguang was Rong's second cousin. Brave and resolute from youth, skilled in archery and horsemanship, he was a favorite of Rong's and was regularly consulted whenever important military matters arose. At the end of the Xiaochang era, as Rong prepared to march south with his army, he consulted Tianguang in secret. After securing Bing and Si, he kept Tianguang as chief commander with overall authority over the troops and horses of Si Province. When Emperor Xiaozong died, Rong marched on the capital and left Tianguang as acting Governor of Si Province, entrusting him with affairs in the rear. At the start of the Jianyi era, he was specially appointed General Who Pacifies the Army and Governor of Si Province, and enfeoffed as Duke of Chang'an County with a fief of one thousand households. When Rong set out against Ge Rong, he left Tianguang in the province to guard their base of power. He told him, "Where I cannot go myself, no one but you can fulfill my intent."

永安中，加侍中、金紫光祿大夫、北秀容第一酋長。尋轉衞將軍。大將軍元天穆東征邢杲，詔天光以本官為使持節、假鎮東將軍、都督，隸天穆，討破之。元顥入洛，天光與天穆會榮於河內。榮發之後，并肆不安，詔天光以本官兼尚書僕射，為并肆雲恒朔燕蔚顯汾九州行臺，仍行并州，委以安靜之。天光至并州，部分約勒，所在寧輯。顥破，尋還京師，遷驃騎將軍，加散騎常侍，改封廣宗郡公，增邑一千戶，仍為左衞將軍。

During the Yong'an era he was further made Palace Attendant, Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Girdle, and First Chieftain of Northern Xiurong. He was soon transferred to General of the Guard. When Grand General Yuan Tianmu marched east against Xing Gao, an edict appointed Tianguang, retaining his existing rank, as Bearer of the Staff, Acting General Who Pacifies the East, and Commander under Tianmu; he defeated Xing Gao. When Yuan Hao entered Luoyang, Tianguang and Tianmu rendezvoused with Rong at Henei. After Rong marched out, Bing and Si fell into unrest. An edict made Tianguang, at his existing rank, also Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and head of the Branch Secretariat for Bing, Si, Yun, Heng, Shuo, Yan, Wei, Xian, and Fen, while he continued as acting Governor of Bing Province and was charged with restoring order. When Tianguang reached Bing Province, he deployed and disciplined the troops, and peace returned wherever he went. After Hao's defeat he soon returned to the capital, was promoted to General of Agile Cavalry and Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, had his title changed to Duke of Guangzong Commandery with a fief increased by one thousand households, and remained General of the Left Guard.

醜奴棄岐州走還安定，置柵於平亭。天光發雍至岐，與岳合勢於汧渭之間，停軍牧馬，宣言遠近曰：「今時將熱，非可征討，待至秋涼，別量進止。」醜奴每遣窺覘，有執送者，天光寬而問之，仍便放遣。免者傳其待秋之言，醜奴謂以為實，分遣諸軍散營農稼，在岐州之北百里涇川。使其太尉侯伏侯元進領兵五千，據險立柵，且耕且守。在其左右，千人已下為一柵者，乃復數處。天光知其勢分，遂密嚴備。晡時，潛遣輕騎先行斷路，以防賊知，於後諸軍盡發。昧旦，攻圍元進大柵，拔之，諸所俘執，並皆放散，須臾之間，左右諸柵悉來歸款。前去涇州百八十里，通夜徑進，後日至城，賊涇州刺史侯幾長貴仍以城降。 [10]醜奴棄平亭而走，欲趨高平。天光遣岳輕騎急追，明日，及醜奴於平涼長平坑，一戰擒之。天光明便共逼高平，城內執送蕭寶夤而降。

Chounu abandoned Qi Province and fled back to Anding, where he set up stockades at Pingting. Tianguang marched from Yong to Qi, joined He Yue between the Qian and Wei rivers, halted to graze the horses, and proclaimed far and wide: "The heat is coming; this is no season for campaigning. Wait until autumn cools, and then we shall decide whether to advance or withdraw." Chounu kept sending scouts. When any were captured and brought in, Tianguang questioned them gently and sent them back. The released men spread word that the army would wait for autumn. Chounu took this for truth, dispersed his forces to camp and farm along the Jing River a hundred li north of Qi Province. He put his Grand Commandant Houfuhou Yuanjin in command of five thousand men to hold the heights with stockades, farming while they defended. On either flank, in several places, smaller stockades were set up for units of a thousand men or less. Tianguang saw that their strength was divided and secretly made ready for battle. In the late afternoon he secretly sent light cavalry ahead to block the roads and keep the bandits from learning of the move; then the whole army set out. At daybreak he attacked and took Yuanjin's main stockade, released every captive, and within moments the stockades on both flanks surrendered. A hundred eighty li from Jing Province they pressed on through the night; on the second day they reached the city, and the rebel governor Houji Changgui surrendered it. [10] Chounu abandoned Pingting and fled toward Gaoping. Tianguang sent He Yue with light cavalry in hot pursuit. The next day He Yue caught Chounu at Changping Ravine in Pingliang and captured him in a single battle. Tianguang pressed swiftly on Gaoping. The city seized Xiao Baoyin and surrendered him.

賊行臺万俟道洛率眾六千人入山不下。時高平大旱，天光以馬乏草，乃退於城東五十許里，息眾牧馬。於是涇、豳、二夏，北至靈州，賊黨結聚之類，並來歸降。天光遣都督長孫邪利率二百人行原州事以鎮之。道洛招誘城人來掩，襲殺邪利并其所部。天光與岳、悅等馳赴之，道洛出城拒戰，暫交便退，追殺千餘人，道洛還走入山，城復降附。天光遣慰喻，道洛不從，乃率眾西依牽屯山，據險自守。榮責天光失邪利，不獲道洛，復遣使杖之一百，詔降為散騎常侍、撫軍將軍、雍州刺史，削爵為侯。

The rebel Branch Secretariat attendant Wanqi Daoluo led six thousand men into the mountains and refused to come down. Gaoping was then in severe drought. With the horses short of forage, Tianguang withdrew some fifty li east of the city to rest the men and graze the horses. Thereupon, from Jing and Bin, the two Xia provinces, and north to Ling Province, rebel bands and armed groups all came to submit. Tianguang sent Commander Changsun Xieli with two hundred men to administer Yuan Province and garrison it. Daoluo incited men of the city to ambush and kill Xieli and his entire command. Tianguang rushed there with He Yue, Houmochen Yue, and the others. Daoluo came out to fight, exchanged a brief blow, and withdrew. More than a thousand were killed in pursuit. Daoluo fled back into the mountains, and the city submitted again. Tianguang sent envoys to reassure him, but Daoluo refused. He then led his followers west to Qiantun Mountain and held the heights. Rong blamed Tianguang for losing Xieli and failing to capture Daoluo, again sent an envoy to beat him with the rod one hundred times, and had him reduced by edict to Regular Attendant of Scattered Cavalry, General Who Pacifies the Army, and Governor of Yong Province, with his noble rank cut to marquis.

天光與岳、悅等復向牽屯討之。天光身討道洛，道洛戰敗，率數千騎而走，[11]追之不及，遂得入隴，投略陽賊帥王慶雲。慶雲以道洛驍果絕倫，得之甚喜，便謂大事可圖，乃自稱皇帝，以道洛為大將軍。天光欲討之，而莊帝頻敕，榮復有書，以隴中險邃，兼天盛暑，令待冬月。而天光知其可制，乃率諸軍入隴，至慶雲所居水洛城。 [12]慶雲、道洛出城拒戰，天光復射中道洛臂，失弓還走。破其東城，賊遂併趨西城，城中無水，眾聚熱渴。有人走降，言慶雲、道洛欲突出死戰。天光恐失賊帥，燼釁未已，乃遣謂慶雲曰：「力屈如此，可以早降，若未敢決，當聽諸人今夜共議，明晨早報。」而慶雲等冀得小緩，待夜突出，報天光云，「請待明日」。天光因謂曰：「相知須水，今為小退，任取河飲。」賊眾安悅，無復走心。天光密使軍人多作木槍，各長七尺，至黃昏時，布立人馬為防衞之勢，周匝立槍，要路加厚。又伏人槍中，備其衝突，兼令密縛長梯於城北。其夜，慶雲、道洛果便突出，馳馬先進，不覺至槍，馬各傷倒，伏兵便起，同時擒獲。餘眾皆出城南，遇槍而止。城北軍士登梯上城，賊徒路窮乞降，至明盡收其仗。天光、岳、悅等議悉坑之，死者萬七千人，分其家口。於是三秦、河、渭、瓜、涼、鄯善咸來款順。天光頓軍略陽，詔復天光前官爵，尋加侍中、儀同三司，增邑至三千戶。

Tianguang again marched against Qiantun with He Yue, Houmochen Yue, and the others. Tianguang personally pursued Daoluo. Daoluo was defeated and fled with several thousand horsemen; [11] the pursuit could not catch him, so he entered Long Province and took refuge with the bandit chieftain of Lüeyang, Wang Qingyun. Qingyun considered Daoluo peerlessly fierce and was greatly pleased to gain him. He believed the great enterprise could be achieved, declared himself emperor, and made Daoluo Grand General. Tianguang wished to attack them, but Emperor Xiaozhuang repeatedly ordered otherwise, and Rong also wrote, citing the deep defiles of Long Province and the sweltering summer heat, telling him to wait until winter. But Tianguang knew they could be subdued. He led the armies into Long Province and reached Shuiluo City, where Qingyun was encamped. [12] Qingyun and Daoluo came out to fight. Tianguang again shot Daoluo in the arm; Daoluo dropped his bow and fled. They breached the eastern city, and the rebels all crowded into the western city. With no water inside, the men sweltered with thirst. Someone defected and reported that Qingyun and Daoluo meant to break out in a desperate fight. Tianguang feared to lose the rebel leaders while the embers of revolt still smoldered. He sent word to Qingyun: "Your strength is spent; you may surrender now. If you dare not decide, let your men consult tonight and report early tomorrow morning." But Qingyun and the others hoped for a little breathing room, planning a night breakout. They replied to Tianguang, "Please wait until tomorrow." Tianguang therefore said, "Knowing you need water, I shall withdraw a little for now. Go take water from the river as you please." The rebel troops were reassured and lost all thought of flight. Tianguang secretly had the soldiers make many wooden spears, each seven chi long. At dusk he deployed men and horses in a defensive line, set spears all around, and doubled them on the main roads. He also hid men among the spears to guard against a breakout, and secretly had long ladders prepared north of the city. That night Qingyun and Daoluo did break out, galloping ahead. Before they knew it they reached the spears; horses were wounded and fell; hidden troops rose and captured them at once. The rest went out south of the city and halted when they met the spears. Soldiers north of the city mounted ladders and scaled the wall. The rebels, with no way out, begged to surrender. By daybreak all their weapons had been collected. Tianguang, He Yue, Houmochen Yue, and the others decided to bury them all alive. Seventeen thousand died, and their households were distributed. Thereupon Sanqin, He, Wei, Gua, Liang, and Shanshan all came to submit. Tianguang encamped at Lüeyang. An edict restored his former offices and titles, and soon after he was additionally made Palace Attendant and Grandee Equal in Honor to the Three Ducal Ministers, with his fief increased to three thousand households.

秦州城民謀殺刺史駱超，超覺，走歸天光。天光復與岳、悅等討平之。南秦滑城人謀害刺史辛琛顯，[13]琛顯走赴天光。天光遣師臨之，往皆克定。初，賊帥夏州人宿勤明達降天光於平涼，後復北走，收聚部類謀為逆，攻降人叱干麒麟，欲并其眾。麒麟請救於天光，天光遣岳討之，未至，明達走於東夏。岳聞榮死，故不追之，仍還涇州以待天光。天光亦下隴，與岳圖入洛之策。進至雍州北，破叛已〈疑〉。

Men of the Qin provincial capital plotted to kill Governor Luo Chao. Chao learned of it and fled to Tianguang. Tianguang again put down the trouble with He Yue, Houmochen Yue, and the others. Men of Huacheng in Southern Qin plotted to harm Governor Xin Chenxian; [13] Chenxian fled to Tianguang. Tianguang sent troops against them and pacified every place they reached. Earlier the bandit chieftain Suqin Mingda of Xia Province had surrendered to Tianguang at Pingliang. Later he fled north again, gathered his tribesmen to rebel, and attacked the surrendered Chigan Qilin, intending to absorb his following. Qilin begged Tianguang for help. Tianguang sent He Yue against him, but before He Yue arrived Mingda fled to Eastern Xia. He Yue heard that Rong had died, so he did not pursue further but returned to Jing Province to await Tianguang. Tianguang also came down from Long Province and with He Yue plotted a strategy to enter Luoyang. He advanced north of Yong Province and had already defeated the rebels. 〈Doubtful reading.〉

詔遣侍中朱瑞詣天光慰喻。天光與岳謀，欲令帝外奔，別更推立。乃頻啟云：「臣實無異心，惟仰奉天顏，以申宗門之罪。」又其下僚屬啟云：「天光密有異圖，願思勝算以防微意。」既而莊帝進天光爵為廣宗王，元曄又以為隴西王。及聞尒朱兆已入京師，天光乃輕騎向都見世隆等，尋便還雍。世隆等議廢元曄，更舉親賢，遣使告天光。天光與定策立前廢帝，又加開府儀同三司、兼尚書令、關西大行臺。天光北出夏州，遣將討宿勤明達，擒之送洛。時費也頭帥紇豆陵伊利、万俟受洛干等據有河西，[14]未有所附。天光以齊獻武王起兵信都，內懷憂恐，不復北事伊利等，但微遣備之而已。又除大司馬。

An edict dispatched Palace Attendant Zhu Rui to Tianguang with words of consolation and reassurance. Tianguang plotted with He Yue to have the emperor flee abroad and set up another claimant. He repeatedly memorialized: "Your subject truly has no other intent; I only look up to serve Your Majesty's countenance and answer for my clan's guilt." Meanwhile his subordinates memorialized: "Tianguang secretly harbors other designs. May Your Majesty consider a winning stratagem to guard against incipient intent." Soon Emperor Xiaozhuang promoted Tianguang to Prince of Guangzong, and Yuan Ye also made him Prince of Longxi. When he heard that Erzhu Zhao had entered the capital, Tianguang rode lightly to the capital to see Shilong and the others, then soon returned to Yong. Shilong and the others debated deposing Yuan Ye and elevating someone close and worthy instead, and sent envoys to inform Tianguang. Tianguang joined in the decision to install the Former Deposed Emperor and was further made Grandee with an Office Equal in Honor to the Three Ducal Ministers, Concurrent Director of the Masters of Writing, and head of the Grand Branch Secretariat of Guanxi. Tianguang marched north from Xia Province, sent a general against Suqin Mingda, captured him, and sent him to Luoyang. At the time the Feiyetou chieftains Hedouling Yili, Wanqi Shouluogan, and others held Hexi; [14] they had not yet attached themselves to any side. Because Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu, had raised troops at Xindu, Tianguang was inwardly anxious and no longer campaigned north against Yili and the others, sending only light forces to guard against them. He was also appointed Grand Marshal.

於時獻武王義軍轉盛，尒朱兆、仲遠等既經敗退，世隆累使徵天光，天光不從。後令斛斯椿苦要天光云：「非王無以能定，豈可坐看宗家之滅也。」天光不得已而東下，與仲遠等敗於韓陵。斛斯椿等先還，於河梁拒之。天光既不得渡，西北走，遇雨不可前進，乃執獲之，與度律送於獻武王。王致於洛，斬於都市，年三十七。尒朱專恣，分裂天下，各據一方。天光有定關西之功，差不酷暴，比之兆與仲遠為不同矣。

By then Gao Huan's righteous army was growing ever stronger. Erzhu Zhao, Zhongyuan, and the others having been defeated and driven back, Shilong repeatedly summoned Tianguang, but Tianguang would not come. Later Helaba Chun urgently pressed Tianguang: "Without Your Highness there is no one who can settle this. How can you sit by and watch the clan's destruction?" Compelled, Tianguang marched east and was defeated with Zhongyuan and the others at Hanling. Helaba Chun and the others had returned first and blocked him at Heqiao. Unable to cross, Tianguang fled northwest. Rain made further advance impossible, and he was captured. He and Dulu were sent to Gao Huan, Prince of Qi, Xianwu. Gao Huan had him taken to Luoyang and executed in the marketplace. He was thirty-seven. The Erzhu clan acted wilfully, splitting the realm so that each held a region of his own. Tianguang had the merit of pacifying Guanxi and was somewhat less cruel and violent; compared with Zhao and Zhongyuan he was a different man.

史臣曰：尒朱兆之在晉陽，天光之據隴右，仲遠鎮捍東南，世隆專秉朝政，于時立君廢主易於弈棊，慶賞威刑咸出於己。若使布德行義，憂公忘私，脣齒相依，同心協力，則磐石之固，未可圖也。然是庸才，志識無遠，所爭唯權勢，所好惟財色，譬諸溪壑，有甚豺狼，天下失望，人懷怨憤，遂令勁敵得容覘間，心腹內阻，形影外合。是以廣阿之役，葉落冰離；韓陵之戰，土崩瓦解。一旦殄滅，豈不哀哉！傳稱「師克在和」，詩云「貪人敗類」，貪而不和，難以濟矣。

The historiographer says: Erzhu Zhao at Jinyang, Tianguang holding Longyou, Zhongyuan guarding the southeast, Shilong monopolizing court governance—at the time enthroning or deposing rulers was as easy as moving pieces on a weiqi board; rewards, honors, authority, and punishments all issued from their own hands. Had they spread virtue and righteousness, cared for the public and forgotten private interest, stood lip-to-teeth with one another and joined in common effort, then a foundation firm as bedrock could not have been assailed. Yet they were mediocre men of no far vision. They contended for power alone and loved wealth and women. Like gullies and ravines, they were worse than jackals and wolves. The realm lost hope and men nursed resentment, until powerful foes were given room to probe for openings—hearts divided within while enemies without joined as body and shadow. Therefore at Guang'e, leaves fell and ice split apart; at Hanling, earth crumbled and foundations dissolved. Wiped out in a moment—is this not lamentable! The Records say, "An army conquers through harmony"; the Odes say, "The greedy ruin their kind." Greedy and discordant, they could not succeed.

校勘記

Collation Notes

元曄立諸本「曄」作「暉」，北史卷四八尒朱榮附尒朱兆傳作「曄」。按尒朱世隆等立長廣王曄為帝，歷見本卷世隆傳、卷一０孝莊紀永安三年十月條、卷一九下南安王楨附元曄傳，「暉」字訛，今據改。

On "Yuan Ye enthroned": all editions write Ye as Hui; Beishi juan 48, Erzhu Rong, appended Erzhu Zhao biography, has Ye. Erzhu Shilong and others elevated Prince of Changguang Ye as emperor, as repeatedly seen in this volume's Shilong biography, juan 10 Annals of Emperor Xiaozhuang, 10th month of Yong'an year 3, and juan 19B Biography of Prince Nan'an Zhen, appended Yuan Ye biography. The character Hui is erroneous; corrected here accordingly.

遂害帝於三級寺諸本「三」作「五」，卷一０莊帝紀及通鑑卷一五四〈四七九三頁〉作「三」。按洛陽伽藍記卷一永寧寺條敍述此事也作「三級寺」。本書卷一一二上靈徵志上稱永熙三年三月「并州三級寺南門災」。「五」字訛，今改正。

On "They then killed the emperor at Sanji Temple": all editions write "three" as "five"; juan 10 Annals of Emperor Xiaozhuang and Zizhi Tongjian juan 154 〈p. 4793〉 read "three." The account in Luoyang qielan ji juan 1, Yongning Monastery entry, also has "Sanji Temple." This book's juan 112A Lingzheng zhi shang records that in the 3rd month of Yongxi year 3 there was "Fire at the south gate of Sanji Temple in Bing Province." The character "five" is erroneous; corrected here.

及張勸等掩襲世隆北史卷六齊紀神武紀、卷四九斛斯椿傳，北齊書卷一神武紀〈補〉，通鑑卷一五五〈四八二０頁〉「張勸」作「張歡」。按「張歡」又見北史卷一四后妃傳下周文皇后元氏傳，其人即北齊書卷二０、北史卷五三張瓊傳所記，「瓊子忻」。錢氏考異卷四０認為「齊史避諱，改『歡』為『忻』」。此傳和下世隆傳的「張勸」當亦魏收避齊諱改，本名實是「歡」。

On "When Zhang Quan and others ambushed Shilong": Beishi juan 6 Qi Annals Shenwu ji, juan 49 Helaba Chun biography, Beiqishu juan 1 Shenwu ji 〈Supplied text.〉 , Zizhi Tongjian juan 155 〈p. 4820〉 "Zhang Quan" is written here as "Zhang Huan." "Zhang Huan" also appears in Beishi, juan 14, in the biography of Empress Yuan, consort of Emperor Wen of Zhou; he is the man recorded in Beiqishu, juan 20, and Beishi, juan 53, in the biography of Zhang Qiong, as Qiong's son Xin. Qian's Textual Variants, juan 40, argues that the Qi history avoided a taboo name and changed Huan to Xin. The Zhang Quan in this biography and in the Shilong biography that follows should also be Wei Shou's alteration to avoid a Northern Qi taboo; the man's real name was Huan.

顥既克滎陽擒行臺楊昱百衲本「楊昱」作「陽叵」，他本都作「陽回」。按卷一０孝莊紀永安二年五月丁巳記楊昱以東南道大都督鎮滎陽，乙丑又記「元顥陷滎陽，執楊昱」。其事亦見卷五八楊播附昱傳。雖「行臺」和「大都督」官稱有異，其時被元顥所擒的守滎陽的主將只有「楊昱」，「陽叵」或「陽回」都是「楊昱」之訛，今改正。

On the passage where Hao took Xingyang and captured Eastern Route Commissioner Yang Yu: the patchwork edition reads Yang Yu as Yang E, while other editions read Yang Hui. Juan 10 of the Annals of Emperor Xiaozhuang records that on dingsi day in the fifth month of Yong'an year 2, Yang Yu was stationed at Xingyang as Great Commander of the Southeastern Route, and on yichou day that Yuan Hao took Xingyang and captured Yang Yu. The same event appears in juan 58, in the biography of Yang Yu, appended to the biography of Yang Bo. Although the titles Eastern Route Commissioner and Great Commander differ, the only commander of Xingyang captured by Yuan Hao at that time was Yang Yu; Yang E and Yang Hui are both corrupt forms of Yang Yu, and the text is corrected here.

姦諂蛆酷多見信用按「蛆」當作「狙」，意謂狡詐。

On the phrase about flatterers and the cruel winning trust: the character read as "worm" should be "macaque," meaning cunning and treacherous.

忽有河內太守田怗家奴告省門亭長云北史卷四八尒朱榮附世隆傳作「帖」，與「怗」通，冊府卷九五一〈一一一八九頁〉作「怙」。按卷八０賀拔勝傳見「田怙」。又北齊書卷二二李元忠附李愍傳說他曾奉命襲擊葛榮「所署廣州刺史田怙」。其人當即在此時叛降魏軍。「怗」疑是「怙」之訛。

On the passage where a household slave of Tian Tie, Administrator of Henei, reported to the provincial gate watchman: Beishi, juan 48, appended biography of Shilong, writes the name as Tie, interchangeable with Tie; Cefu, juan 951 〈p. 11189〉 has Hu. Juan 80, the biography of Helaba Sheng, records the name Tian Hu. Beiqishu, juan 22, in the biography of Li Min appended to Li Yuanzhong, says he was once ordered to attack Ge Rong's appointed Governor of Guang Province, Tian Hu. That man is presumably the same person who defected to the Wei army at about this time. Tie is probably a corruption of Hu.

將車出東掖門諸本「車」訛「軍」，今據北史卷四八、冊府〈同上卷頁〉改。

On the line about leading the carriage out through the Eastern Side Gate: all editions wrongly read carriage as army; the text is corrected from Beishi, juan 48, and Cefu 〈same fascicle and page as above〉 accordingly.

短小黑色諸本脫「小」字，今據北史卷四八、冊府〈同上卷頁〉補。

On the phrase short and black: all editions drop the word short; it is restored from Beishi, juan 48, and Cefu 〈same fascicle and page as above〉 restored.

復除軍州刺史按地志無此州名，也不見紀傳，「軍」字當訛。

On his reappointment as Governor of Jun Province: no such province appears in the geographical treatises or in annals and biographies, so the character Jun must be corrupt.

賊涇州刺史侯幾長貴仍以城降諸本「長貴」下旁注「疑」字。按周書卷一四賀拔岳傳也作「侯幾長貴」，並無可疑，今刪。

On the line where the rebel Governor of Jing Province, Houji Changgui, surrendered the city: all editions mark Changgui with a doubtful-reading note. Zhoushu, juan 14, He Yue's biography, also has Houji Changgui, with nothing doubtful about the name; the note is deleted.

率數千騎而走諸本「率」訛「牽」，今據冊府卷四三二〈五一四四頁〉改。

On the line about leading several thousand horsemen in flight: all editions wrongly read led as dragged; the text is corrected from Cefu, juan 432 〈p. 5144〉 accordingly.

至慶雲所居水洛城諸本「水洛」作「永洛」。按卷一０孝莊紀〈三朝本〉永安三年六月、周書卷一四賀拔岳傳、卷一七若干惠傳〈百衲本〉作「水洛」。今據改，參卷一０校記[一０]。

On the line about reaching Qingyun at Shuiluo city: all editions read Shuiluo as Yongluo. Juan 10 of the Annals of Emperor Xiaozhuang, 〈Three-Dynasties edition〉 the sixth month of Yong'an year 3, Zhoushu, juan 14, biography of He Yue, and juan 17, biography of Gan Huibi 〈patchwork edition〉 read Shuiluo. The text is corrected accordingly; see the collation note in juan 10, note 10.

南秦滑城人謀害刺史辛琛顯通鑑卷一五四〈四七七七頁〉作「南秦州城民謀殺刺史辛顯」。按南秦州之滑城不見紀載，疑「滑」字衍，通鑑「琛顯」作「顯」當是雙名單稱。

On the passage about men of Huacheng in Southern Qin plotting to kill Governor Xin Chenxian: Zizhi Tongjian, juan 154 〈p. 4777〉 reads, "the townspeople of Southern Qin Province plotted to kill Governor Xin Xian." Huacheng in Southern Qin is not attested elsewhere, so Hua is probably an extra character. In Zizhi Tongjian, Chenxian rendered as Xian is presumably the familiar shortened form of a double given name.

万俟受洛干等據有河西諸本及北史卷四八「干」作「于」。按北齊書卷二七万俟普傳〈補〉云：「子洛，字受洛干」，北史卷六齊紀一、北齊書卷二神武紀下並作「受洛干」。「于」字訛，今據改。

On Wanqi Shouluogan and others holding Hexi: all editions and Beishi, juan 48, write the final character of his name as yu rather than gan. Beiqishu, juan 27, biography of Wanqi Pu, 〈Supplied text.〉 It states that his son Luo had the style name Shouluogan; Beishi, juan 6, Qi Annals 1, and Beiqishu, juan 2, Shenwu ji, part 2, both have Shouluogan. Yu is corrupt and is corrected here.

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