Volume 105c Treatise 1: Celestial Phenomena 3

三年三月，有星孛于奎，歷閣道，至紫微西蕃，入北斗魁，犯太陽守，循下台，轥南宮，履帝坐，遂由端門以出。奎是封豨，剝氣所由生也。又殷徐州之次，桓玄國焉，劉裕興焉。天象若曰：君德之不建，人之無援，且有權其列蕃，盜其名器之守而荐食之者矣；又將由其天步，席其帝庭，而出號施令焉。至四年二月甲寅，有大流星眾多西行，歷牛、虛、危，絕漢津，貫太微、紫微。虛、危主靜人，牽牛主農政，皆負海之陽國也。天象若曰：黎元喪其所食，失其所係命，卒至流亡矣；上不能恤，又將播遷以從之。其後晉人有孫恩之難，而桓玄踵之，三吳連兵荐饑，西奔死亡者萬計，竟篡晉主而流之尋陽，既又劫之以奔江陵。〈是歲三月甲子，月生齒。占曰「有賊臣」。七月丁卯，月犯天關。關，所以制畿封國也，月犯之，是為兵起于郊甸。十月甲子，月又犯東蕃上相。占同二年。既而桓玄戡金陵，殺司馬元顯、太傅道子。是歲秀容胡帥亦聚眾反，[3]伏誅。〉

In the third year, in the third month, a comet appeared at Kui, crossed the Celestial Passageway, reached the western quarter of the Purple Forbidden Enclosure, entered the head of the Northern Dipper, passed the Sun Guard star, traced the Lower Terrace, swept over the Southern Palace, crossed the Emperor's Seat, and finally departed through the Duan Gate. Kui is the pen of swine, the constellation where the qi of decline and stripping takes form. It also marks the celestial seat of Xu Province—the region where Huan Xuan built his power and Liu Yu rose to prominence. The heavens seemed to declare that the ruler's virtue had not been established, the people had no one to rely upon, and there were those who would seize the ranked domains, steal the guardianship of titles and insignia, and devour them one after another; and who would then, by their own celestial course, take seat in the imperial court and issue commands and proclamations. By the fourth year, in the second month, on the day jiayin, many large meteors streaked westward through Ox, Empty, and Rooftop, crossing the Celestial River ford and piercing the Supreme Palace Enclosure and the Purple Forbidden Enclosure. Empty and Rooftop govern the common people, the Oxherd governs agricultural affairs—all are southern realms facing the sea. The heavens seemed to say that the common people would lose their livelihood, lose what their lives depended upon, and ultimately be driven into exile; the ruler would be unable to succor them and would himself be forced to wander in exile after them. Afterwards the Jin realm suffered Sun En's rebellion, which Huan Xuan followed; the Three Wu regions endured continuous warfare and repeated famine; tens of thousands died fleeing westward; Huan Xuan ultimately usurped the Jin throne, exiled the emperor to Xunyang, and then seized him and fled with him to Jiangling. 〈In the third month of that year, on the day jiazi, the moon developed serrated edges. The prognostication reads: "There will be a treacherous minister." In the seventh month, on the day dingmao, the moon transgressed the Celestial Gate. The Gate governs the capital and the enfeoffed states; when the moon transgresses it, armies rise in the royal domain. In the tenth month, on the day jiazi, the moon again transgressed the senior minister star of the eastern enclosure. The prognostication is the same as in the second year. Soon afterward Huan Xuan seized Jinling and killed Sima Yuanyao and the Grand Tutor Daozi. That same year a Xiu Rong chieftain also gathered followers in rebellion, [3] and was executed.〉

五年四月辛丑，月掩辰星，在東井。月為陰國之兵，辰象戰鬬。占曰「所直野軍大起，戰不勝，亡地，家臣死」。冬十月，帝伐秦師于蒙坑，大敗之，遂舉乾壁，關中大震。其上將姚平赴水死。〈是月戊申，月暈左角。太史令晁崇奏：「角蟲將死。」上慮牛疫，乃命諸將併重焚車。丙戌，車駕北引。牛大疫，死者十有八九，官車所御巨犗數百，同日斃於路側，首尾相屬，麋鹿亦多死者。〉

In the fifth year, in the fourth month, on the day xinchou, the moon concealed Mercury in the Well constellation. The moon represents the armies of the yin realm, and Mercury signifies battle. The prognostication reads: "The field army in that sector will rise in force, battle will not be won, territory will be lost, and household retainers will die." In the tenth month of winter, the Emperor attacked Qin forces at Mengkeng and crushed them; he then captured Qianbi, and all of Guanzhong was shaken. Their chief general Yao Ping threw himself into the water and drowned. 〈In that month, on the day wushen, a halo appeared on the moon's left horn. Grand Astrologer Chao Chong memorialized: "Horn creatures will die." The Emperor, fearing bovine plague, ordered the generals to burn their heavy transport wagons together. On the day bingxu, the imperial carriage set out northward. Bovine plague broke out; eight or nine out of ten died; several hundred great oxen harnessed to the official carriages collapsed on the same day beside the road, one after another in a long line; many elk died as well.〉

五年三月戊子，太白犯五諸侯，晝見經天；九月己未，又犯進賢。 [4]太白為強侯之誡，犯五諸侯，所以興霸形也。是時桓玄擅征伐之柄，專殺諸侯，以弱其本朝，卒以干君之明而代奪之。故皇天著誡焉，若曰：夫進賢興功，大司馬之官守也，而今自殘之，君於何有焉。是冬十月，客星白若粉絮，出自南宮之西，十二月入太微，亂氣所由也。以距乏之氣而乘粹陽之天庭，適足以驅除焉爾。明年，竟篡晉室，得諸侯而不終。〈是歲五月丙申，月犯太微；十月乙卯，又如之。月者太陰，臣象，太微正陽之庭，不當橫行其中，是謂朝庭間隙，強臣不制，亦桓玄之誡也。又占曰「貴人有坐之者」。明年七月，鎮西大將軍、毗陵王順以罪還第，亦是也。〉

In the fifth year, in the third month, on the day wuzi, Venus transgressed the Five Feudal Lords and was visible crossing the sky at midday; In the ninth month, on the day jiwei, it again transgressed Promote Worthies. [4] Venus is the warning against powerful feudatories; transgressing the Five Feudal Lords reveals the shape of hegemonic rise. At this time Huan Xuan monopolized the power of military campaigns, executing feudal lords at will to weaken his own court, and ultimately challenged the ruler's authority and usurped the throne. Therefore High Heaven displayed this warning, as if to say: Promoting worthies and establishing merit are the official duties of the Grand Marshal, yet now he destroys them himself—what then remains for the ruler? That winter, in the tenth month, a guest star white as powdered cotton emerged from the west of the Southern Palace; in the twelfth month it entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure—the source of rebellious qi. Rising with the qi of exhaustion and scarcity upon the pure yang heavenly court, it was sufficient only to drive out and expel. The following year he usurped the Jin throne, gained the feudal lords, yet did not endure to the end. 〈In the fifth month of that year, on the day bingshen, the moon transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure; In the tenth month, on the day yimao, it did so again. The moon is the Great Yin, the emblem of ministers; the Supreme Palace Enclosure is the court of proper yang—it ought not to be crossed sideways within it; this signifies gaps in the court and uncontrolled powerful ministers—a warning regarding Huan Xuan as well. The prognostication also reads: "Noble persons will be punished." In the seventh month of the following year, Prince Shun of Piling, General Who Guards the West, was sent back to his residence on account of crime—this too applies.〉

天賜二年四月己卯，月犯鎮星，在東壁；七月己未又如之；十月丁巳又掩之，在室。夫室星，所以造宮廟而鎮司空也。占曰「土功之事興」。明年六月，發八部人，自五百里內繕修都城，魏於是始有邑居之制度。或曰，北宮後庭，人主所以庇衞其身也，鎮主后妃之位，存亡之基。而是時堅冰之漸著矣，故犯又掩再三焉。占曰「臣賊君邦，大喪」。是歲三月丁酉，月犯心前星；三年二月，月犯心後星；四年二月，又如之。心主嫡庶之禮。占曰「亂臣犯主，儲君失位，庶子惡之」。先是，天興六年冬十月至元年四月，月再掩軒轅。占曰「有亂易政，后妃執其咎」。三年五月壬寅，熒惑犯氐。氐，宿宮也。天戒若曰：是時蠱惑人主而興內亂之萌矣，亦自我天視而修省焉。及六年七月，宣穆后以強死，太子微行人間，既而有清河、萬人之難。〈二年八月，火犯斗；丁亥，又犯建。 [5]為大人之事，建為經綸之始，此天所以建創業君。時劉裕且傾晉祚，而清河之釁方作矣，帝猶不悟。至是歲九月，火犯哭星。其象若曰：將以內亂，至于哭泣之事焉。由是言之，皇天所以訓劫殺之主熟矣，而罕能敦復以自悟，悲夫！〉

In the second year of Tianci, in the fourth month, on the day jimao, the moon transgressed the Sentinel Star in Eastern Wall; In the seventh month, on the day jiwei, it did so again; In the tenth month, on the day dingsi, it again concealed it in Chamber. The Chamber star governs the building of ancestral temples and stabilizes the Minister of Works. The prognostication reads: "Earthworks will be undertaken." In the sixth month of the following year, men from the Eight Departments within five hundred li were mobilized to repair the capital; Wei thereby first established the institutions of urban settlement. Some say that the rear court of the Northern Palace is where the ruler shelters himself, and the Sentinel governs the position of empresses and consorts—the foundation of survival or extinction. At this time the gradual advance of hard ice was already manifest; hence the transgressions and concealments occurred again and again. The prognostication reads: "Ministers rebel against the ruler's state—great mourning." In the third year, in the third month, on the day dingyou, the moon transgressed the anterior star of Heart; In the second year, in the second month, the moon transgressed the posterior star of Heart; In the fourth year, in the second month, it did so again. Heart governs the rites between principal and secondary wives. The prognostication reads: "Rebellious ministers violate the ruler, the heir loses his position, and secondary sons are detested." Previously, from the tenth month of the sixth year of Tianxing through the fourth month of the first year of Tianci, the moon twice concealed Chariot Shaft. The prognostication reads: "There will be disorder changing the government; empresses and consorts bear the blame." In the third year, in the fifth month, on the day renyin, Mars transgressed Di. Di is the lodging palace. Heaven's warning seemed to say that at this time sorcery would bewitch the ruler and the seeds of internal disorder would arise—also a summons to observe and correct from Heaven's perspective. By the sixth year, in the seventh month, Empress Dowager Xuande died a violent death; the Crown Prince went into hiding among the people; subsequently came the calamities of Qinghe and the Ten Thousand. 〈In the eighth month of the second year, Mars transgressed Dipper; On the day dinghai, it again transgressed Establishment. [5] Dipper governs great affairs; Establishment marks the beginning of statecraft—this is how Heaven establishes a founding ruler. At that time Liu Yu was about to overturn the Jin throne, while the Qinghe rebellion was just beginning; yet the Emperor still did not perceive it. By the ninth month of that year, Mars transgressed the Weeping Star. The sign seemed to say that internal disorder would follow, reaching matters of lamentation and weeping. From this it may be said that High Heaven's instruction to rulers beset by usurpation is already clear, yet few can earnestly return to righteousness and awaken themselves—alas!〉

二年八月甲子，熒惑犯少微；庚寅，犯右執法；癸卯，犯左執法； [6]十一月丙戌，太白掩釣鈐。皆南邦之謫也。火象方伯，金為強侯，少微以官賢材而輔南宮之化，執法者威令所由行也。天象若曰：夫祿去公室，所由來漸矣，始則奮其賢材以為其本朝，終以干其鈐鎋而席其威令焉。至三年十二月丙午，月掩太白于危。危，齊分也。占曰「其國以戰亡」。丁未，金、火皆入羽林。四年正月，太白晝見奎。是謂或稱王師而干君明者。占曰「天下兵起，魯邦受之」。二月癸亥，金、火、土、水聚于奎、婁。徐魯之分也。四神聚謀，所以革衰替之政，定霸王之命。五月己丑，金晝見于參。天意若曰：是將自植攻伐，以震其主，而代奪之云爾。八月辛丑，熒惑犯執法； [7]九月，遂犯進賢。與桓氏同占。是時，南燕慕容氏兼有齊魯之墟，不務修德，而驟侵晉淮、泗。六年四月，劉裕以晉師伐之，大敗燕師于臨朐，進克廣固，執慕容超以歸，戕諸建康。於是專其兵威，荐食藩輔，篡奪之形由此而著云。〈二年三月，月掩左執法；三年四月，又犯西蕃上將；己未，犯房次相；六月，火犯房次將。三年七月，太尉穆崇薨。四年，誅定陵公和跋，殺司空庾岳。又四年六月，火犯水左翼。八月，金掩火，犯左執法。占曰「大兵在楚，執法當之」。至五年，火犯天江。占曰「水賊作亂」。六月，金犯上將，又犯左執法。其後廬循作亂於上流，晉將何無忌戰死，左僕射孟昶仰藥卒，劉裕自伐齊奔命，僅乃克之。〉

In the second year, in the eighth month, on the day jiazi, Mars transgressed Lesser Apex; On the day gengyin, it transgressed the Right Enforcement Officer; On the day guimao, it transgressed the Left Enforcement Officer; [6] In the eleventh month, on the day bingxu, Venus concealed the Hook and Seal. All are the celestial markers of the southern realm. Fire represents the regional lord, metal the powerful feudatory; Lesser Apex is for recruiting worthy talent to assist the Southern Palace's transformation; the Enforcement Officers are where authority and command proceed from. The heavens seemed to say that emoluments departing from the ducal house had been coming gradually; at first they exerted their worthy talents for their own court, and ultimately they would challenge the seals of authority and occupy their commands. By the twelfth month of the third year, on the day bingwu, the moon concealed Venus in Rooftop. Rooftop is the celestial allotment of Qi. The prognostication reads: "That state will perish through war." On the day dingwei, both Venus and Mars entered the Feathered Forest. In the first month of the fourth year, Venus was visible during daytime at Kui. This signifies one who claims to be the royal army yet contends against the ruler's authority. The prognostication reads: "Armies rise throughout the realm; the Lu state receives the blow." In the second month, on the day guihai, Venus, Mars, Saturn, and Mercury gathered at Kui and Bond. This is the celestial allotment of Xu and Lu. The four spirits gathering in counsel is what reforms fading governance and fixes the mandate of hegemony. In the fifth month, on the day jichou, Venus was visible during daytime in Three Stars. Heaven's intent seemed to say that this one would plant aggression on his own account, shock his ruler, and seize and replace him. In the eighth month, on the day xinchou, Mars transgressed the Enforcement Officer; [7] In the ninth month, it then transgressed Promote Worthies. The same prognostication as for the Huan clan. At this time the Murong of Southern Yan held the territories of Qi and Lu, did not attend to cultivating virtue, but suddenly invaded Jin territory along the Huai and Si. In the sixth year, in the fourth month, Liu Yu with Jin forces attacked them, crushing the Yan army at Linqu, advancing to capture Guanggu, seizing Murong Chao and bringing him back, and executing him at Jiankang. Thereupon he monopolized military might, repeatedly devouring the frontier supports—the shape of usurpation thereby became manifest. 〈In the second year, in the third month, the moon concealed the Left Enforcement Officer; In the third year, in the fourth month, it again transgressed the senior general of the western enclosure; On the day jiwei, it transgressed the secondary minister of the Fang lodging; In the sixth month, Mars transgressed the secondary general of the Fang lodging. In the seventh month of the third year, Grand Commandant Mu Chong died. In the fourth year, the Duke of Dingling He Ba was executed, and Minister of Works Yu Yue was killed. Again in the sixth month of the fourth year, Mars transgressed the left wing of Water. In the eighth month, Venus concealed Mars and transgressed the Left Enforcement Officer. The prognostication reads: "Great armies are in Chu; the Enforcement Officer will be struck." By the fifth year, Mars transgressed the Celestial River. The prognostication reads: "Water bandits will rise in rebellion." In the sixth month, Venus transgressed the Senior General and again transgressed the Left Enforcement Officer. Afterwards Lu Xun rebelled in the upper reaches; the Jin general He Wuji died in battle, Left Deputy Director Meng Chang took poison and died, Liu Yu himself was campaigning against Qi and rushed to respond, barely subduing the rebellion.〉

六年六月，金、火再入太微，犯帝座，蓬、孛、客星及他不可勝紀。太史上言，且有骨肉之禍，更政立君，語在帝紀。冬十月，太祖崩。夫前事之感大，即後事之災深，故帝之季年妖怪特甚。〈是歲二月至九月，月三犯昴。昴為白衣會，宮車晏駕之徵也。十二月辛丑，金犯木於奎。占曰「其君有兵死者」。既而慕容超戮于晉。是歲四月，火犯水于東井。其冬，赫連氏攻安定，秦主興自將救之，自是侵伐不息。或曰「水火之合，內亂之形也」。時朱提王悅謀反，賜死。〉

In the sixth year, in the sixth month, Venus and Mars again entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure and transgressed the Emperor's Seat; fuzzy stars, broom stars, guest stars, and others too numerous to record. The court astrologers reported that there would be calamity among kin, a change of government, and the establishment of a new ruler—the account is in the Annals of Emperors. In the tenth month of winter, Emperor Taizu died. Where the resonance of prior events is great, the calamity of subsequent events runs deep; hence in the Emperor's final years portents were especially severe. 〈In that year, from the second month through the ninth month, the moon thrice transgressed Hairy Head. Hairy Head is the white-robed assembly—the sign that the imperial carriage will delay its departure. In the twelfth month, on the day xinchou, Venus transgressed Jupiter at Kui. The prognostication reads: "Their ruler will die by arms." Soon after, Murong Chao was put to death by Jin. In the fourth month of that year, Mars transgressed Mercury at the Eastern Well. That winter, the Helian clan attacked Anding; the Qin ruler Yao Xing personally led forces to the rescue; from then on invasion and warfare did not cease. Some say: "The conjunction of water and fire is the shape of internal disorder." At the time Prince Yue of Zhuti plotted rebellion and was ordered to take his own life.〉

太宗永興二年五月己亥，月掩昴。昴為髦頭之兵，虜君憂之。是月，蠕蠕社崘圍長孫嵩于牛川，上自將擊之，社崘遁走，道死。〈六月甲午，太白晝見。占曰「為不臣」。七月，月犯鬼。占曰「亂臣在內」。明年五月，昌黎王慕容伯兒謀反，誅之。〉是歲三月至秋八月，月三掩南斗第五星。斗，吳分也。且曰：強大之臣有干天祿者，大人憂之。是月乙未，太白犯少微，晝見；九月甲寅，進犯左執法。占曰「且有杖其霸刑，以戮社稷之衞而專威令者，徵在南朔」。先是，三月丁卯，月掩房次將；六月己丑，又如之；八月甲申，犯心前星。占曰「服軛者當之，君失馭，徵在豫州」。時劉裕謀弱晉室，四年九月，專殺僕射謝混，因襲荊州刺史劉毅于江陵，夷之。明年三月，又誅晉豫州刺史諸葛長人，其君託食而已。〈是歲八月壬子，太白犯軒轅大星。 [8]占曰「有亂易政，女君憂」。三年十一月丙午，金犯哭星。午，秦地。四年八月戊申，月犯哭星。申，晉地。是月，晉后王氏死；其後姚主薨。〉

In the second year of Yongxing under Emperor Taizong, in the fifth month, on the day jihai, the moon concealed Hairy Head. Hairy Head is the helmet-headed armies; barbarian rulers are troubled by it. That month, the Rouran chieftain She Lun besieged Chunyu Song at Niuchuan; the Emperor personally led forces to attack him; She Lun fled and died on the road. 〈In the sixth month, on the day jiawu, Venus was visible during the day. The prognostication reads: "This signifies a disloyal subject." In the seventh month, the moon transgressed Ghost. The prognostication reads: "Rebellious ministers are within." In the fifth month of the following year, Prince Murong Bo'er of Changli plotted rebellion and was put to death.〉 From the third month of that year through the eighth month of autumn, the moon thrice concealed the fifth star of the Southern Dipper. The Dipper is the territorial division of Wu. Moreover it says: When powerful ministers interfere with Heaven's emolument, great men are troubled by it. In that month, on the day yiwei, Venus transgressed Lesser Micro and was visible during the day; In the ninth month, on the day jiayin, it advanced to transgress the Left Enforcement Officer. The prognostication reads: "There will be one who wields hegemonic punishment, slays the guardians of the altars of state, and monopolizes awe and commands—the omen manifests in the south and north." Previously, in the third month, on the day dingmao, the moon concealed the secondary general of the Fang lodging; In the sixth month, on the day jichou, it did so again; In the eighth month, on the day jiashen, it transgressed the anterior star of Heart. The prognostication reads: "Those who wear the yoke will be struck; the ruler loses the reins; the omen manifests in Yuzhou." At the time Liu Yu plotted to weaken the Jin house; in the fourth year, in the ninth month, he personally killed Director of the Secretariat Xie Hun, then attacked Jingzhou Inspector Liu Yi at Jiangling and exterminated him. In the third month of the following year, he again executed Jin Yuzhou Inspector Zhuge Changren; their ruler existed only at others' pleasure. 〈In the eighth month of that year, on the day renzi, Venus transgressed the Great Star of Chariot Shaft. [8] The prognostication reads: "There will be disorder changing the government; the lady ruler grieves." In the third year, in the eleventh month, on the day bingwu, Venus transgressed the Weeping Star. Wu corresponds to Qin territory. In the fourth year, in the eighth month, on the day wushen, the moon transgressed the Weeping Star. Shen corresponds to Jin territory. In that month, the Jin empress of the Wang clan died; Afterwards the Yao ruler died.〉

三年六月庚子，月犯歲星，在畢；八月乙未，又犯之，在參；四年正月又蝕，在畢。直徼垣之陽，參在山河之右。歲星所以阜農事安萬人也。占曰「月仍犯之，邊萌阻兵而荐饑」。是歲六月癸巳，金、木合于東井；七月甲申，金犯土于井。占曰「其國內兵，有白衣之會」。十一月，土犯井；十二月癸卯，土犯鉞。土主疆理之政，存亡之機也，是為土地分裂，有戮死之君，徵在秦邦。至五年二月丙午，火、土皆犯井。占曰「國有兵喪之禍，主出走」。是月壬辰，歲、鎮、熒惑、太白聚于井。將以建霸國之命也，其地君子憂，小人流。又自三年四月至五年三月，熒惑三干鬼。主命者將夭而國徙焉。是時雍州假王霸之號者六國，而赫連氏據朔方之地，尤為強暴，荐食關中，秦人奔命者殆路。間歲，姚興薨而難作于內。明年，劉裕以晉師伐之，秦師連戰敗績，執姚泓以歸，戕諸建康。既而遺守內攜，長安淪覆焉。或曰：自上黨並河、山之北，皆鬼星、參、畢之郊也。五年四月，上黨羣盜外叛。六月，濩澤人劉逸自稱三巴王。七月，河西胡曹龍入蒲子，號大單于。十月，將軍劉潔、魏勤擊吐京叛胡失利，勤力戰死，潔為所虜。明年，赫連屈孑寇蒲子、三城，諸將擊走之。其餘災波及晉、魏，仍其兵革之禍。〈二年九月，土犯畢，為疆埸之兵。三年七月，木犯土于參。占曰「戰敗，亡地，國君死」。四年十月，月掩天關。其災同上。參，外主巴蜀。其後晉師伐蜀，戮其主譙縱。先是，四年閏月，月犯熒惑，在昴；七月，又蝕之。五年，將軍奚斤討越勤，大破之。明年，禿髮氏降于西秦，其君傉檀戮死。〉

In the third year, in the sixth month, on the day gengzi, the moon transgressed Jupiter in Net; In the eighth month, on the day yiwei, it again transgressed it in Three Stars; In the first month of the fourth year it again eclipsed it in Net. Directly south of the encircling wall; Three Stars lies to the right of the mountains and rivers. Jupiter is what enriches agricultural affairs and settles the myriad people. The prognostication reads: "When the moon repeatedly transgresses it, frontier communities are blocked by armies and famine returns again and again." In the sixth month of that year, on the day guisi, Venus and Jupiter conjoined at the Eastern Well; In the seventh month, on the day jiashen, Venus transgressed Saturn at the Well. The prognostication reads: "Armed conflict within the state; there will be a white-robed assembly." In the eleventh month, Saturn transgressed the Well; In the twelfth month, on the day guimao, Saturn transgressed the Battle-axe. Saturn governs the administration of territorial boundaries—the hinge of survival and destruction; this signifies land divided, a ruler executed, the omen manifest in Qin territory. By the fifth year, in the second month, on the day bingwu, Mars and Saturn both transgressed the Well. The prognostication reads: "The state will suffer calamity of arms and mourning; the ruler will flee." In that month, on the day renchen, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus gathered at the Well. This was about to establish the mandate of a hegemonic state; in that region gentlemen worried and common folk scattered. Also from the fourth month of the third year through the third month of the fifth year, Mars thrice transgressed Ghost. The bearer of the mandate would die young and the state would migrate. At this time in Yongzhou six states falsely assumed hegemon and king titles; the Helian clan held Shuofang and was especially violent, repeatedly devouring Guanzhong; Qin people rushing to respond nearly filled the roads. Within a year Yao Xing died and turmoil arose within. The following year Liu Yu with Jin forces attacked them; the Qin armies suffered repeated defeats; Yao Hong was captured and brought back and executed at Jiankang. Soon after the remaining garrison turned against itself, and Chang'an fell. Some say: From Shangdang along the north of the river and mountains—all lie within the suburbs of Ghost, Three Stars, and Net. In the fifth year, in the fourth month, bandits of Shangdang rebelled outward. In the sixth month, Liu Yi of Huoze styled himself King of Sanba. In the seventh month, the Hexi Hu chieftain Cao Long entered Puzi and titled himself Great Chanyu. In the tenth month, Generals Liu Jie and Wei Qin attacked the rebellious Hu of Tujing but failed; Qin fought to the death, and Jie was captured. The following year Helian Qujie raided Puzi and Sancheng; the generals drove them off. The remaining calamities spread to Jin and Wei, continuing the disaster of arms. 〈In the second year, in the ninth month, Saturn transgressed Net—frontier border armies. In the third year, in the seventh month, Jupiter transgressed Saturn at Three Stars. The prognostication reads: "Defeat in battle, lost territory, the state ruler dies." In the fourth year, in the tenth month, the moon concealed the Celestial Gate. The calamity was the same as above. Three Stars externally governs Ba and Shu. Afterwards Jin forces attacked Shu and executed its ruler Qiao Zong. Previously, in the intercalary month of the fourth year, the moon transgressed Mars in Hairy Head; In the seventh month, it again eclipsed it. In the fifth year, General Xi Jin campaigned against Yue Qin and crushed them. The following year the Tufa clan submitted to Western Qin; their ruler Rutan was put to death.〉

神瑞元年二月，填入東井，犯天尊，旱祥也。天象若曰：土失其性，水源將壅焉；施于天尊，所以福矜寡之萌也。先是，去年九月至于五月，歲再犯軒轅大星；八月庚寅至二年三月，填再犯鬼積尸。歲星主農事，軒轅主雪霜風雨之神，返覆由之，所以告黃祇也。土爰稼穡，鬼為物之精氣，是謂稼穡潛耗，人將以饉而死焉。一曰大旱。是後，京師比歲霜旱，五穀不登，詔人就食山東，以粟帛賑乏，語在崔浩傳。〈先是，月犯歲于畢。占曰「饑在晉代，亦其徵」。又鬼主秦，旱在秦邦。至二年，太史奏，熒惑在匏瓜中，一夜忽亡失之，後出東井，語在崔浩傳。既而關中大旱，昆明枯涸。〉是歲四月癸丑，流星晝見中天，西行。占曰「營頭所首，野有覆軍，流血西行，謫在秦邦」。而魏人覿之，亦王師之戒也。天若戒魏師曰：是擁眾而西，固欲干君之明而代奪之爾，姑息人以觀變，無庸禦焉。先是五年三月，月犯太白于參；八月庚申，又犯之。參，魏分野。占曰「強侯作難，國戰不勝」。九月己丑，月犯左角；是歲三月壬申，又蝕之。是謂以剛晉之兵合戰而偏將戮，徵在兗州。二年四月，太白入畢，月犯畢而再入之。占曰「大戰不勝，邊將憂，魏邦受之」。六月己巳，有星孛于昴南。天象若曰：且有驅除之雄，勿用距之于朔方矣。明年七月，劉裕以舟師泝河。九月，裕陷我滑臺，兗州刺史尉建以畏懦斬。時崔浩欲勿戰，上難違眾議，詔司徒嵩率師迓之，及晉人戰于畔城，魏師敗績，語在崔浩傳。裕既定關中，遽歸受禪，既而赫連氏并之，遂竊尊號云。〈自元年正月至泰常元年十月，月三犯畢，再入之，再犯畢陽星。占曰「邊兵起，貴人有死者」。元年十二月，蠕蠕犯塞，上自將，大破之。二年，上黨胡反，詔五將討平之。泰常元年，長樂、河間、南陽王皆薨。二年，豫章王又薨，常山霍季聚眾反，伏誅。〉

In the first year of Shenrui, in the second month, Saturn entered the Eastern Well and transgressed Celestial Esteem—an omen of drought. The celestial signs seemed to say that earth loses its nature and water sources will be blocked; Applied to Celestial Esteem, this was to bless the orphaned and widowed sprouts. Previously, from the ninth month of the previous year until the fifth month, Jupiter twice transgressed the Great Star of Chariot Shaft; From the eighth month, on the day gengyin, through the third month of the second year, Saturn twice transgressed Ghost Heap of Corpses. Jupiter governs agricultural affairs; Chariot Shaft governs the spirits of frost, snow, wind, and rain—going back and forth through it, thus informing the Yellow Earth deity. Earth loves crops; Ghost is the refined qi of things—this means crops are secretly depleted and people will die of famine. One interpretation: great drought. Afterwards the capital year after year suffered frost and drought; the five grains did not mature; an edict sent people to seek food east of the mountains, with grain and cloth to relieve the destitute—the account is in the Biography of Cui Hao. 〈Previously, the moon transgressed Jupiter at Net. The prognostication reads: "Famine in Jin and Dai—also its sign." Also Ghost governs Qin; drought is in Qin territory. By the second year the court astrologers reported that Mars was in Gourd; in one night it suddenly vanished, later emerging from the Eastern Well—the account is in the Biography of Cui Hao. Soon after, Guanzhong suffered a great drought, and Kunming Lake dried up.〉 That year, in the fourth month, on the day guichou, a meteor was seen at midday at the zenith, moving westward. The prognostication reads: "Where the army camp's head points, armies will be overturned in the wild; blood will flow westward; heaven's punishment will fall upon the state of Qin." Yet the people of Wei observed it—also a warning concerning the royal army. Heaven seemed to warn the Wei army, saying: They gather multitudes and march west, truly intending to assault the ruler's clarity and seize the throne in his stead—indulge the people and wait to observe the change; there is no need to resist. Previously, in the third month of the fifth year, the moon transgressed Venus at Three Stars; In the eighth month, on the day gengshen, it again transgressed it. Three Stars is Wei's allotted region. The prognostication reads: "Powerful feudatories raise trouble; battle in the state will not succeed." In the ninth month, on the day jichou, the moon transgressed the Left Horn; In the third month of that year, on the day renshen, it again eclipsed it. This means Jin's hard troops will join in battle and a lieutenant general will be executed—the sign appears in Yan Province. In the fourth month of the second year, Venus entered Net; the moon transgressed Net and entered it again. The prognostication reads: "Great battle will not be won; frontier generals will worry; the Wei state will receive the blow." In the sixth month, on the day jisi, a comet appeared south of Hairy Head. The celestial signs seemed to say: There will be a hero of expulsion—do not use force to resist him on the northern frontier. The following year, in the seventh month, Liu Yu led naval forces upstream along the river. In the ninth month, Yu captured our Huatai; Yanzhou Inspector Wei Jian was executed for cowardice and timidity. At this time Cui Hao wished not to fight; the emperor found it difficult to defy the multitude's counsel and ordered Minister over the Masses Song to lead troops to meet them; they fought Jin forces at Pancheng and the Wei army suffered a great defeat—the account is in the Biography of Cui Hao. Yu had just secured Guanzhong when he hastily returned to receive the abdication; soon after the Helian clan absorbed it and usurped an imperial title. 〈From the first month of the first year through the tenth month of the first year of Taichang, the moon thrice transgressed Net, twice entered it, and twice transgressed the yang star of Net. The prognostication reads: "Frontier armies will rise; a noble person will die." In the twelfth month of the first year, the Rouran raided the border; the emperor led personally and routed them. In the second year, the Hu of Shangdang rebelled; an edict sent five generals to suppress and pacify them. In the first year of Taichang, the Princes of Changle, Hejian, and Nanyang all died. In the second year, the Prince of Yuzhang also died; Huo Ji of Changshan gathered a host and rebelled and was executed.〉

二年四月辛巳，有星孛于天市。五月甲申，彗星出天市，掃帝座，在房心北。市所以建國均人心，宋分也。國且殊號，人將更主，其革而為宋乎？先是，往歲七月，月犯鈎鈐；十一月，月食房上相；至元年二月，又如之。天象若曰：尚尸鈐鍵之位，君憑而尊之者，又將及矣。是歲八月，金、木合于翼。占曰「且有內兵，楚邦受之」。至泰常二年正月，晉荊州刺史司馬休之、雍州刺史魯宗之為劉裕所襲，皆出奔走。 [9]是歲十月，鎮星守太微，七十餘日。占曰「易代立王」。其三年三月癸丑，太白犯五諸侯，如桓氏之占。七月，有流星孛于少微，以入太微。自劉氏之霸，三變少微以加南宮矣。始以方伯專之，中則霸形干之，又今孛政除之。馴而三積，堅冰至焉。是月，辰星見東方，在翼，甚明大。翼，楚邦也，是為冢臣干明，賊人其昌。〈先是，五年十一月壬子，辰星出而明盛非常。至泰常二年十二月庚戌，辰星過時而見，光色明盛。是為強臣有不還令者。至是又如之，亦三至焉。或曰辰星以負北海，亦魏將大興之兆。〉九月，長彗星孛于北斗，轢紫微，辛酉，入南宮，凡八十餘日。十二月，彗星出自天津，入太微，逕北斗，干紫宮，犯天棓，八十餘日，及天漢乃滅，語在崔浩傳。是歲，晉安帝殂，後年而宋篡之。夫晉室雖微，泰始之遺俗也，蓋皇天有以原始篤終，以哀王道之淪喪，故猶著二微之戒焉。〈神瑞二年四月，木入南宮，加右執法；五月，火又如之。八月，金入自掖門，掩左執法；泰常元年六月，又由掖門入太微。五月，火犯執法。是冬，土守天尊而月掩之。三年八月，土又入太微，犯執法，因留二百餘日。九月，金又犯右執法。十月，火犯上將，因留左掖門內二十日，乃逆行；四年三月，出西蕃，又還入之，繞填星成句己；四月丙午，行端門出。 [10]皆晉氏之謫也。自晉滅之後，太微有變多應魏國也。〉

In the fourth month of the second year, on the day xinsi, a comet appeared in the Heavenly Market. In the fifth month, on the day jiashen, a comet emerged from the Heavenly Market, swept the Emperor's Seat, north of Heart and Heart's Companion. The Market is where a state is established and hearts are balanced—it is Song's allotted region. The state will soon change its title; the people will have a new master—is it to be transformed into Song? Previously, in the seventh month of the year before, the moon transgressed the Hook and Seal; In the eleventh month, the moon eclipsed the prime minister star of the Fang lodging; By the second month of the first year, it did so again. The celestial signs seemed to say: Still holding the position of the hook-and-lock, the one whom the ruler relies upon and honors will soon attain it. That year, in the eighth month, Venus and Jupiter conjoined at Wings. The prognostication reads: "There will be internal armies; the state of Chu will receive the blow." By the first month of the second year of Taichang, Jin's Inspector of Jingzhou Sima Xiuzhi and Inspector of Yongzhou Lu Zongzhi were attacked by Liu Yu; both fled into exile. [9] That year, in the tenth month, Saturn stationed at the Supreme Palace Enclosure for more than seventy days. The prognostication reads: "The dynasty changes; a king is established." In the third year, in the third month, on the day guichou, Venus transgressed the Five Feudal Lords—as in the prognostication regarding the Huan clan. In the seventh month, a meteor-broom star appeared at Lesser Apex and entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure. Since the Liu clan's hegemony, three times Lesser Apex has shifted to reach the Southern Palace. At first regional lords monopolized it; midway hegemonic form assaulted it; now again the broom star's governance removes it. Step by step, three accumulations—and solid ice forms. That month, Mercury appeared in the east at Wings, very bright and large. Wings is the state of Chu—this means a powerful minister assaults the ruler's light; the villain's faction will flourish. 〈Previously, in the eleventh month of the fifth year, on the day renzi, Mercury emerged and was extraordinarily bright. By the twelfth month of the second year of Taichang, on the day gengxu, Mercury appeared out of season; its light and color were bright and splendid. This means a powerful minister has a subordinate who does not return his orders. By this time it was again like this—also three times in all. Some say Mercury bearing upon the Northern Sea is also a sign that Wei will greatly rise.〉 In the ninth month, a long comet appeared at the Northern Dipper, trampled the Purple Forbidden Enclosure; on the day xinyou it entered the Southern Palace—for more than eighty days in all. In the twelfth month, a comet emerged from the Celestial Ford, entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure, passed directly through the Northern Dipper, assaulted the Purple Palace, transgressed the Celestial Club—for more than eighty days until reaching the Celestial River it vanished—the account is in the Biography of Cui Hao. That year, Emperor An of Jin died; two years later Song usurped the throne. Though the house of Jin was weak, it was still the legacy of Taishi—surely High Heaven had cause to return to the origin and see it through to the end, lamenting the fall of the royal way, and so still displayed the warnings of the two Lesser Apexes. 〈In the fourth month of the second year of Shenrui, Jupiter entered the Southern Palace, adjoining the Right Enforcement Officer; In the fifth month, Mars did likewise. In the eighth month, Venus entered from the Rear Gate and concealed the Left Enforcement Officer; In the sixth month of the first year of Taichang, it again entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure by the Rear Gate. In the fifth month, Mars transgressed the Enforcement Officer. That winter, Saturn stationed at Celestial Esteem and the moon concealed it. In the eighth month of the third year, Saturn again entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure, transgressed the Enforcement Officer, and remained for more than two hundred days. In the ninth month, Venus again transgressed the Right Enforcement Officer. In the tenth month, Mars transgressed the Senior General, remaining within the Left Rear Gate for twenty days, then moving retrograde; In the third month of the fourth year, it exited the western enclosure, then returned and entered again, circling Saturn to form a hook-and-loop; In the fourth month, on the day bingwu, it passed out through the Duan Gate. [10] All were heaven's punishments upon the house of Jin. After Jin's extinction, changes in the Supreme Palace Enclosure mostly corresponded to the state of Wei.〉

泰常三年十月辛巳，有大流星出昴，歷天津，乃分為三，須臾有聲。占曰「車騎滿野，非喪即會」。明年四月，帝有事于東廟，蕃服之君以其職來祭者，蓋數百國也。是歲正月己酉，月犯軒轅；四月壬申，又犯填星，在張；四年五月，辰星又犯軒轅。占曰「國有喪，女君受之」。明年五月，貴人姚氏薨，是為昭哀皇后。六月，貴嬪杜氏薨，是為密后。〈先是，二年九月，火犯軒轅；三年八月，金又犯之。占同也。〉

In the tenth month of the third year of Taichang, on the day xinsi, a great meteor emerged from Hairy Head, passed through the Celestial Ford, then split into three; in a moment there was a sound. The prognostication reads: "Chariots and horsemen fill the wild—if not mourning, then assembly." The following year, in the fourth month, the emperor performed rites at the Eastern Temple; lords of tribute states came to offer sacrifice according to their offices—perhaps several hundred states. That year, in the first month, on the day jiyou, the moon transgressed Chariot Shaft; In the fourth month, on the day renshen, it again transgressed Saturn at Spread; In the fifth month of the fourth year, Mercury again transgressed Chariot Shaft. The prognostication reads: "The state has mourning; the lady sovereign receives it." The following year, in the fifth month, the honored consort Lady Yao died—she was Empress Zhao'ai. In the sixth month, the honored concubine Lady Du died—she was Empress Mi. 〈Previously, in the ninth month of the second year, Mars transgressed Chariot Shaft; In the eighth month of the third year, Venus again transgressed it. The prognostication is the same.〉

五年十一月乙卯，熒惑犯填星，在角。角，外朝也，土為紀綱，火主內亂，會于天門，王綱將紊焉。占曰「有死君逐主，后妃憂之」。十二月，月蝕熒惑，在亢。亢，內庭也。占曰「君薨而亂作于內，貴臣以兵死」。是月，客星見于翼。翼，楚邦也。占曰「國更服，邊有急，將軍或謀反者」。六年二月，月食南斗杓星。十月乙酉，金、土鬬于亢。占曰「內兵且喪，更立王公」。又兗州，陳、鄭之墟也，有攻城野戰之象焉。至七年正月，犯南斗；三月壬戌，又犯之。斗為人君受命，又吳分。是歲五月，宋武殂。秋九月，魏師侵宋北鄙。十一月，攻滑臺，克之。明年，拔虎牢，陷金墉，屠許昌，遂啟河南之地。八年，宋太后蕭氏死，既大臣專權，遷殺其主，卒皆伏誅。〈自五年八月至七年十二月，熒惑一守軒轅，再犯進賢，再犯房星，月一犯軒轅及房。皆女君大臣之戒。是時陽平、河南王，太尉穆觀相次薨，而宋氏廷臣乘釁以侮其主，竟以誅死云。或曰火犯土、亢為饑疾。時官軍陷武牢，會軍大疫，死者十二三。是冬，詔稟饑人。〉

In the eleventh month of the fifth year, on the day yimao, Mars transgressed Saturn at Horn. Horn is the outer court; Saturn is the cords and net of rule; Mars governs internal disorder—meeting at the Celestial Gate, the king's net will be tangled. The prognostication reads: "There will be a dead ruler and a driven-out sovereign; the empress and consorts will worry over it." In the twelfth month, the moon eclipsed Mars in Neck. Neck is the inner court. The prognostication reads: "The ruler dies and disorder arises within; a noble minister dies by arms." That month, a guest star appeared at Wings. Wings is the state of Chu. The prognostication reads: "The state changes its garment; the border has urgency; a general may plot rebellion." In the second month of the sixth year, the moon eclipsed the ladle star of the Southern Dipper. In the tenth month, on the day yiyou, Venus and Saturn battled at Neck. The prognostication reads: "Internal armies and mourning; a new prince or duke is installed." Also Yan Province is the ruins of Chen and Zheng—there are signs of storming cities and fighting in the wild. By the first month of the seventh year, it transgressed the Southern Dipper; In the third month, on the day renxu, it again transgressed it. The Dipper is where the human ruler receives the mandate; also Wu's allotted region. That year, in the fifth month, Emperor Wu of Song died. In the ninth month of autumn, Wei forces invaded Song's northern marches. In the eleventh month, they attacked Huatai and captured it. The following year, they took Hulao, captured Jinyong, sacked Xuchang, and then opened the lands south of the River. In the eighth year, Empress Dowager Xiao of Song died; thereafter ministers seized power, deposed and killed their ruler one after another, and in the end all were executed. 〈From the eighth month of the fifth year through the twelfth month of the seventh year, Mars stationed once at Chariot Shaft, transgressed Advancement of the Worthy twice, and transgressed the Chamber star twice; the moon transgressed Chariot Shaft and Chamber once. All were heavenly warnings concerning the empress dowager and powerful ministers. At this time the Prince of Yangping, the Prince of Henan, and Grand Commander Mu Guan died in succession, while Song court ministers seized the opportunity to humiliate their sovereign—and in the end were all executed. Some hold that Mars transgressing Saturn and Neck portends famine and pestilence. At that time government forces took Wulao, but a great pestilence swept the army, killing perhaps one or two soldiers in ten. That winter, an edict ordered grain distributed to the famine-stricken.〉

六年六月壬午，有大流星出紫宮。占曰「上且行幸，若有大君之使」。明年，駕幸橋山，祠黃帝，東過幽州，命使者觀省風俗。十月，上南征。八年春，步自鄴宮，遂絕靈昌，至東郡，觀兵成臯，反自河內，登太行山，幸高都，飲至晉陽焉。

In the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the day renwu, a large meteor emerged from the Purple Palace. The prognostication reads: "The ruler will soon set out on tour, as though a great lord's mission were at hand." The following year, the emperor visited Qiaoshan, offered sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor, traveled east through You Province, and dispatched envoys to observe local customs. In the tenth month, the emperor launched a southern campaign. In the spring of the eighth year, he walked from the palace at Ye, crossed Lingchang, reached Dong Commandery, reviewed troops at Chenggao, returned by way of Henei, climbed the Taihang Mountains, visited Gaodu, and held a victory banquet at Jinyang.

七年二月辛巳，有星孛于虛、危，向河津。占曰「玄枵所以飾喪紀也，宗廟並起，司人疑更謀，有易政之象」。十一月甲寅，彗星出室，掃北斗，及于□門。占曰「內宮幾室，主命將，易塞垣，有土功之事，其地又齊、衞也」。八年正月，彗星出奎南長三丈，東南掃河。奎為荐食之兵，徐方之地。占曰「西北之兵伐之，君絕嗣，天下饑」。七年十二月，帝命壽光侯叔孫建徇定齊地。八年春，築長城，距五原二千餘里，置守卒，以備蠕蠕。冬十月，大饑。十一月己巳，上崩于西宮。明年，宋廢其主。由是南邦日蹙，齊衞之地盡為兵衝。及世祖即政，遂荒淮沂以負東海云。〈八年二月丙寅，火守斗，亦南邦之謫也。十一月，彗星孛于土司空。司空主疆理邦域，且曰有土功哭泣事。後年，赫連屈孑薨，太武征之，取新秦之地，由是征伐四克，提封萬里云。〉

In the second month of the seventh year, on the day xinsi, a comet appeared at Empty and Rooftop, heading toward the River ford. The prognostication reads: "Dark Emblem adorns the rites of mourning; ancestral temples rise together; the Minister of Works suspects new intrigue; there are signs of a change in government." In the eleventh month, on the day jiayin, a comet emerged from Room, swept over the Northern Dipper, and reached □ Gate. The prognostication reads: "The inner palace nearly reaches Room; it governs the appointment of generals, changes to border walls, and earthworks—and the territory affected is Qi and Wei as well." In the first month of the eighth year, a comet emerged south of Kui three zhang long, sweeping southeast across the River. Kui is the seat of repeatedly devouring armies and the land of Xu. The prognostication reads: "Northwestern armies will attack; the ruler will lose his heir; famine will spread across the realm." In the twelfth month of the seventh year, the emperor ordered Marquis Shouguang Shusun Jian to pacify and settle Qi territory. In the spring of the eighth year, they built the Long Wall more than two thousand li from Wuyuan and stationed border guards against the Rouran. In the tenth month of winter, famine struck hard. In the eleventh month, on the day jisi, the emperor died in the Western Palace. The following year, Song deposed their ruler. Thereupon the southern realm shrank day by day, and the lands of Qi and Wei became nothing but battlegrounds. When Emperor Shizu came to power, he pushed the frontier from the Huai and Yi rivers all the way to the Eastern Sea. 〈In the second month of the eighth year, on the day bingyin, Mars stationed at the Dipper—also heaven's punishment upon the southern realm. In the eleventh month, a comet appeared at Earth Master of Works. The Minister of Works governs the demarcation of state territory; it also signifies earthworks and mourning. Two years later, Helian Qufen died; Emperor Taiwu marched against him and seized the lands of New Qin; thereafter his campaigns succeeded on every front, and his territorial bounds extended ten thousand li.〉

二年五月，太白晝見經天。占曰「時謂亂紀，革人更王」。六月己丑，火入羽林，守六十餘日。占曰「禁兵大起，且有反臣之戒」。

In the second year, in the fifth month, Venus was visible during the day crossing the sky. The prognostication reads: "The times are called an age of disorder; the people are overturned and the ruler is replaced." In the sixth month, on the day jichou, Mars entered the Feathered Forest and remained for more than sixty days. The prognostication reads: "The imperial guard armies will rise in force, and there is a warning of a rebellious minister."

三年十月，有流星出西南而東北行，光明燭地，有聲如雷，鳥獸盡駭。占曰「所發之野有破國遷君，西南直夏而首于代都焉。著而有聲，盛怒也」。

In the third year, in the tenth month, a meteor emerged in the southwest and streaked northeast, its light illuminating the ground, its sound like thunder; birds and beasts were terrified. The prognostication reads: "In the wilderness where it rose a state will be destroyed and a ruler displaced; from the southwest it points straight at Xia, its head at the capital of Dai. Striking the earth with thunderous sound betokens great wrath."

四年五月辛酉，金、水合于西方。占曰「兵起，大戰」。先是，三年正月，宋人有謝氏之難，王卒盡出。冬十一月，上伐赫連昌，入其郛，徙萬餘家以歸。是歲復攻之，六月，大敗昌于城下，昌奔上邽，遂拔統萬，盡收夏器用，虜其母弟妻子，由是威加四隣，北夷讋焉。

In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the day xinyou, Venus and Mercury conjoined in the west. The prognostication reads: "Armies rise; a great battle ensues." Previously, in the first month of the third year, Song was shaken by the turmoil of the Xie clan; princes and commoners alike fled into exile. In the eleventh month of winter, the emperor attacked Helian Chang, entered his outer city, and relocated more than ten thousand households home. That year they attacked again; in the sixth month they routed Chang below the city walls. Chang fled to Shanggui; they then took Tongwan, seized all Xia vessels and implements, and captured his mother, younger brother, wife, and children. Thereafter their prestige reached the four borders, and the northern barbarians cowered in awe.

神䴥元年五月癸未，太白犯天街。占曰「六夷髦頭滅」。二年五月，太白晝見。占曰「大兵且興，強國有弱者」。是月，上北征蠕蠕，大破之，虜獲以鉅萬計，遂降高車，以實漠南，闢地數千里云。

In the first year of Shenjuan, in the fifth month, on the day guiwei, Venus transgressed the Celestial Street. The prognostication reads: "The six barbarian peoples and the helmet-headed armies are destroyed." In the second year, in the fifth month, Venus was visible during the day. The prognostication reads: "Great armies are about to rise; among strong states some will grow weak." That month, the emperor marched north against the Rouran and inflicted a crushing defeat; captives and booty numbered in the tens of thousands. They then subjugated the Gaoche to populate the southern desert and opened territory several thousand li.

三年六月，火犯井、鬼，入軒轅。占曰「秦憂兵亂，有死君。又旱饑之應」。丙子，有大流星出危南，入羽林。占曰「兵起，負海國與王師合戰」。是歲，自三月至十月，太白再犯歲星，月又犯之。占曰「有國之君或罹兵刑之難者，且歲饉」。十二月丙戌，流星首如甕，長二十餘丈，大如數十斛船，色正赤，光燭人面，自天船及河，抵奎大星，及于壁。占曰「天船以濟兵車，奎為徐方，東壁，衞也，是為宋師之祥。昭盛者，事大也」。是歲六月，宋將到彥之等侵魏，自南鄙清水入河，泝流而西，列屯二千餘里。九月，帝用崔浩策，行幸統萬，遂擊赫連定於平涼。十二月，克之，悉定三秦地。明年，大師涉河，攻滑臺，屠之，宋人宵遁。是時，赫連定轉攻西秦，戮其君乞伏慕末。吐谷渾慕容璝又襲擊定，虜之，以強死者，再君焉。是歲二月，定州大饉，詔開倉賑乏。或曰：奎星羽獵，理兵象也；流星抵之而著大，是為大人之事。冬十月，上大閱于漠南，甲騎五十萬，旌旗二千餘里，又明盛之徵。〈四年，金、火入東井，火又犯天戶；明年正月，又犯鬼。占曰「秦有兵喪」。而至秦夏出夷威，[13]沮渠蒙遜又死，氐主楊難當陷宋之漢中地云。〉

In the third year, in the sixth month, Mars transgressed Well and Ghost and entered Chariot Shaft. The prognostication reads: "Qin will suffer from armies and disorder; a ruler will die. It is also the omen of drought and famine." On the day bingzi, a large meteor emerged south of Rooftop and entered the Feathered Forest. The prognostication reads: "Armies rise; a sea-facing state will join battle with the imperial army." That year, from the third month through the tenth month, Venus twice transgressed Jupiter, and the moon transgressed it as well. The prognostication reads: "The rulers of existing states may suffer military punishment, and famine will strike that year." In the twelfth month, on the day bingxu, a meteor with a head like a jar streaked more than twenty zhang long and as broad as a ship of several tens of hu, pure red, its light shining on men's faces; from the Celestial Boat and the River it reached the great star of Kui and extended to Wall. The prognostication reads: "The Celestial Boat ferries armies and chariots; Kui marks Xu region; Eastern Wall is Wei—these are omens of Song armies. When resplendently bright, the affair is great." That year, in the sixth month, Song generals Dao Yanzhi and others invaded Wei, entering the Yellow River from the Qingshui on the southern frontier, traveling upstream westward, and establishing camps in a line more than two thousand li long. In the ninth month, following Cui Hao's strategy, the emperor marched to Tongwan and struck Helian Ding at Pingliang. In the twelfth month, they captured it and fully pacified the three Qin regions. The following year, the grand army crossed the River, attacked Huatai, sacked it, and Song troops fled under cover of night. At this time Helian Ding turned to attack Western Qin and executed its ruler Qifu Mumo. Tuyuhun Murong Wei also attacked Ding and captured him, though he was near death from his wounds—and thus Xia had two rulers in succession. That year, in the second month, Ding Province suffered severe famine; an edict ordered granaries opened to relieve the destitute. Some hold that Kui's star with plumes and hunting marks an image of marshaling armies; The meteor striking it and blazing forth signifies an affair of great men. In the tenth month of winter, the emperor held a grand military review south of the desert: five hundred thousand armored horsemen, with banners and flags stretching more than two thousand li—again a sign of resplendent might. 〈In the fourth year, Venus and Mars entered the Eastern Well; Mars again transgressed the Celestial Household; In the first month of the following year, it again transgressed Ghost. The prognostication reads: "Qin will suffer armies and mourning." And thereafter Qin and Xia sent forth barbarian might; [13] Juqu Mengxun also died, and the Di chieftain Yang Nandang seized Song's Hanzhong lands.〉

四年三月，有大流星東南行，光燭地，長六七丈，食頃乃滅，後有聲。占曰「大兵從之」。是時諸將方逐宋師，至歷城不及。有聲，駿奔之象也。四月辛未，太白晝見于胃。胃為趙分。五月，太白犯天關；十月丙辰，月又掩之。 [14]天關外主勃、碣，山河之險窮焉。占曰「兵革起」。九月丙寅，有流星大如斗，赤色，發太微，至北斗而滅。太微，禮樂之庭，且有昭德之舉，而述宣王命，是以帝車受之。是月壬申，有詔徵范陽盧玄等三十六人，郡國察秀、孝數百人，且命以禮宣喻，申其出處之節。明年六月，上伐北燕，舉燕十餘郡，進圍和龍，徙豪傑三萬餘家以歸。〈四年八月，金入太微，亦君自將兵象。明年正月庚午，火入鬼。占曰「秦有死君」。四月己丑，太白晝見，為不臣。其後秦王赫連昌叛走伏誅之應也。〉

In the fourth year, in the third month, a large meteor streaked southeast, its light illuminating the ground, six or seven zhang long; after the span of a meal it vanished, and afterward a sound was heard. The prognostication reads: "A great army follows in its wake." At this time the generals were pursuing the Song armies but reached Licheng without overtaking them. The sound was an image of swift flight. In the fourth month, on the day xinwei, Venus was visible during the day at Stomach. Stomach is Zhao's allotted region. In the fifth month, Venus transgressed the Celestial Gate; In the tenth month, on the day bingchen, the moon again concealed it. [14] Beyond the Celestial Gate governs Bo and Jie—the farthest reaches of mountain and river defenses. The prognostication reads: "Arms and warfare rise." In the ninth month, on the day bingyin, a meteor as large as the Dipper, red in color, issued from the Supreme Palace Enclosure, reached the Northern Dipper, and vanished. The Supreme Palace Enclosure is the court of rites and music; it signifies acts of displaying virtue and proclaiming the royal command—and so the Emperor's Chariot received it. That month, on the day renshen, an edict summoned thirty-six men including Lu Xuan of Fanyang; the commanderies and districts recommended several hundred men of cultivated talent and filial piety; they were moreover ordered to proclaim the rites and clarify the proprieties of entering and leaving office. The following year, in the sixth month, the emperor attacked Northern Yan, seized more than ten Yan commanderies, advanced to besiege Helong, and relocated more than thirty thousand eminent households home. 〈In the fourth year, in the eighth month, Venus entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure—also a sign of the ruler leading armies in person. In the first month of the following year, on the day gengwu, Mars entered Ghost. The prognostication reads: "Qin will lose its ruler." In the fourth month, on the day jichou, Venus was visible during the day—a sign of disloyal ministers. This corresponded to Helian Chang, King of Xia, rebelling and fleeing to his execution.〉

二年五月壬申，有星孛于房。占曰「名山崩，有亡國」。八月丁亥，木入鬼，守積尸；十一月辛亥，又犯鬼。鬼秦分，天戒若曰：涼君淫奢無度，財力窮矣，將喪國，身為戮焉。〈二年正月、四年十一月，月皆犯井，亦為秦有兵刑。〉

In the second year, in the fifth month, on the day renshen, a comet appeared at Chamber. The prognostication reads: "Famous mountains collapse; a state perishes." In the eighth month, on the day dinghai, Jupiter entered Ghost and stationed at Heap of Corpses; In the eleventh month, on the day xinhai, it again transgressed Ghost. Ghost is Qin's allotted region; heaven seemed to warn: The ruler of Liang is profligate beyond measure, his wealth and power exhausted—he will lose his state and die by the sword. 〈In the first month of the second year and the eleventh month of the fourth year, the moon transgressed Well both times—also meaning Qin would suffer arms and punishment.〉

四年十月壬戌，大流星出文昌，入紫宮，聲如雷。天象若曰：將相或以全師禦衞帝宮者，其事密近，有震驚之象焉。明年六月，帝西征，詔大將軍嵇敬等帥眾二萬屯漠南，[15]以備暴寇。九月，蠕蠕乘虛犯塞，遂至七介山，京師大駭，司空長孫道生等并力拒之，虜乃退走。是月壬午，有大流星出紫微，入貫索，長六丈餘。占曰「有大君之命」。貫索，賤人牢也。明年，帝命侍臣行郡國，觀風俗，問其所疾苦云。

In the fourth year, in the tenth month, on the day renxu, a large meteor emerged from Literary Glory, entered the Purple Palace, with a sound like thunder. The heavens seemed to say: A general or minister would defend the imperial palace with his full army—the matter was close at hand, and there was a sign of shock and alarm. The following year, in the sixth month, the emperor marched west on campaign; an edict ordered Grand General Ji Jing and others to lead twenty thousand troops to encamp south of the desert, [15] to guard against sudden raiders. In the ninth month, the Rouran seized the opportunity to raid the border and advanced as far as Qijie Mountain; the capital was thrown into alarm; Minister of Works Chunyu Daosheng and others joined forces to repel them, and the barbarians retreated. That month, on the day renwu, a large meteor emerged from the Purple Forbidden Enclosure, entered the Coiled Thong, and streaked more than six zhang long. The prognostication reads: "The fate of a great lord is at hand." Coiled Thong is the prison of the lowly. The following year, the emperor ordered attendant ministers to tour the commanderies and kingdoms, observe local customs, and inquire into the people's hardships.

真君二年七月壬寅，填星犯鉞。鎮者，國家所安危，而為之綱紀者也，其嬰鈇鉞之戮而君及焉。自元年十一月至此月，歲星三犯房上相。歲星為人君，今反覆由之，循省鈎鈐之備也。天若戒輔臣曰：涼邦卒滅，敵國殫矣，而猶挾震主之威，負百勝之計，盍思盈亢之戒乎？是時，司徒崔浩方持國鈞，且有寵於上。明年，安西李順備五刑之誅，而由浩鍛成之。後八年，竟族滅無後。夫天哀賢良而示以明訓夙矣，罕能省躬以先覺，豈不悲哉！浩誅之明年，卒有景穆之禍，後年而亂作。

In the second year of Zhenjun, in the seventh month, on the day renyin, Saturn transgressed the Battle-axe. The Sentinel is what the state's safety and peril depend upon, the keeper of its order; when one meets the axe and halberd of execution, the ruler will share in the blow. From the eleventh month of the first year through this month, Jupiter thrice transgressed the prime minister star of the Fang lodging. Jupiter is the emblem of the ruler; now it goes back and forth through that region—a warning to review the defenses of the Hook and Seal. Heaven seemed to warn the chief ministers: The Liang state is utterly destroyed, the enemy states exhausted—yet you still wield authority that terrifies the ruler and trust in plans of a hundred victories; why not heed the warning of fullness and excess? At this time Minister over the Masses Cui Hao held the balance of the state and enjoyed the ruler's favor. The following year, Li Shun of the western campaign suffered execution by the five punishments, and Hao was the one who forged his downfall. Eight years later, his clan was exterminated to the last, leaving no descendants. Heaven has long pitied the worthy and shown them clear admonitions, yet few can examine themselves and awaken beforehand—how lamentable! The year after Hao's execution, the calamity of Jingmu finally struck; two years on, rebellion broke out.

六年二月，太白、熒惑、歲星聚于東井。占曰「三星合，是為驚立絕行，其國內外有兵與喪，改立王公」。九月，盧水胡蓋吳據杏城反，僭署百官，雜虜皆響從，關內大震。十一月，將軍叔孫拔敗吳師于渭北。至七年正月，太白犯熒惑。占曰「兵起，有大戰」。時上討吳黨於河東，屠之，遂幸長安。二月，吳軍敗績于杏城，棄馬遁去，復收合餘燼。八月乃夷之。〈五年五月，月犯心；六年四月，又如之。占曰「兵犯宋邦」。是月，太白入軒轅。占曰「有反臣」。是冬，宋太子詹事范曄謀反，誅。詔高涼王那徇淮泗，徙其人河北焉。〉

In the second month of the sixth year, Venus, Mars, and Jupiter gathered at the Eastern Well. The prognostication reads: "When three stars conjoin, this is startling establishment and severed movement; within and without the state there will be armies and mourning, and princes and kings will be replaced." In the ninth month, Gai Wu of the Lu River Hu seized Xingcheng and rebelled, arrogated offices and installed officials; various barbarian groups all rallied to him, and the region Within the Passes was thrown into turmoil. In the eleventh month, General Shusun Ba defeated Gai Wu's army north of the Wei River. By the first month of the seventh year, Venus transgressed Mars. The prognostication reads: "Armies rise; a great battle follows." At this time the emperor campaigned against Gai Wu's faction in Hedong, slaughtered them, and then proceeded to Chang'an. In the second month, Gai Wu's army suffered a crushing defeat at Xingcheng, abandoned their horses and fled, then regathered the scattered remnants. In the eighth month they were exterminated. 〈In the fifth year, in the fifth month, the moon transgressed Heart; In the fourth month of the sixth year, it did so again. The prognostication reads: "Arms will strike the state of Song." That month, Venus entered Chariot Shaft. The prognostication reads: "There will be a rebellious minister." That winter, Fan Ye, Steward of the Heir Apparent of Song, plotted rebellion and was executed. An edict ordered Prince Na of Gaoliang to campaign along the Huai and Si and relocate the people north of the River.〉

九年正月，火、水皆入羽林。占曰「禁兵大起」。四月，太白晝見經天。十年五月，彗星出于昴北。此天所以滌除天街而禍髦頭之國也。時間歲討蠕蠕。是秋九月，上復自將征之，所捕虜凡百餘萬矣。〈是歲七月，太白犯哭星。占曰「天子有哭泣事」。明年春，皇子真薨。〉

In the first month of the ninth year, Mars and Mercury both entered the Feathered Forest. The prognostication reads: "The imperial guard armies rise in great force." In the fourth month, Venus was visible during the day as it crossed the meridian. In the fifth month of the tenth year, a comet emerged north of Hairy Head. This was heaven's means of cleansing the Celestial Street and bringing calamity upon the helmet-headed state. During this period, year after year, they campaigned against the Rouran. That autumn, in the ninth month, the emperor again led the campaign in person; captives taken numbered more than a million in all. 〈In the seventh month of that year, Venus transgressed the Weeping Star. The prognostication reads: "The Son of Heaven will have cause to weep." The following spring, Prince Zhen died.〉

十年十月辛巳，彗星見于太微。占曰「兵喪並興，國亂易政，臣賊主」。至十一年正月甲子，太白晝見，經天；四月，又如之。占曰「中歲而再干明，兵事尤大，且革人更王之應也」。是歲十月甲辰，熒惑入太微；十二月辛未，又犯之；癸卯，又如之。占曰「臣將戮主，君將惡之，仍犯事荐也」。先是，八年正月庚午，月犯心大星；九年正月，犯歲星；是歲九月，太白又犯歲星。至正平元年五月，彗星見卷舌，入太微。卷舌，讒言之戒。六月辛酉，彗星進逼帝坐；七月乙酉，犯上相，拂屏，出端門，滅于翼、軫；辛酉，直陰國。翼、軫為楚邦，于屏者，蕭牆之亂也。天象若曰：夫膚受之譖實為亂階，卒至芟夷主相，而專其大號，雖南國之君由遷及焉。先是，去年十月，上南征絕河。十二月，六師涉淮，登瓜步山觀兵，騎士六十萬，列屯三千餘里，宋人兇懼，饋百牢焉。是年正月，盡舉淮南地，俘之以歸，所夷滅甚眾。六月，帝納宗愛之言，皇太子以強死。明年二月，愛殺帝于永安宮，左僕射蘭延等以建議不同見殺。愛立吳王余為主，尋又賊之。荐災之驗也。間歲，宋太子劭坐蠱事泄，亦殺其君而僭立，劭弟武陵王駿以上流之師討平之。滅於翼軫之徵也。〈先是，七年八月，月犯熒惑；八月至十一月，又犯軒轅。是歲正月，太白經天。九月火犯太微。十月，宗愛等伏誅，高宗踐阼。至十一月，錄尚書元壽、尚書令長孫渴侯以爭權賜死，太尉黎、司徒弼又忤旨左遷。孛于屏相之應。出明年五月，太后崩。〉

In the tenth month of the tenth year, on the day xinsi, a comet appeared in the Supreme Palace Enclosure. The prognostication reads: "Armies and mourning rise together; the state falls into disorder and government changes; ministers turn traitor against the ruler." By the first month of the eleventh year, on the day jiazi, Venus was visible during the day as it crossed the meridian; In the fourth month, it did so again. The prognostication reads: "Twice within the year assaulting the bright light—military affairs especially grave, and the omen of changing rulers and replacing kings." In the tenth month of that year, on the day jiachen, Mars entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure; In the twelfth month, on the day xinwei, it transgressed it again; On the day guimao, it did so again. The prognostication reads: "Ministers will slaughter the ruler; the ruler will be troubled—repeated offenses will follow." Previously, in the first month of the eighth year, on the day gengwu, the moon transgressed the great star of Heart; In the first month of the ninth year, it transgressed Jupiter; In the ninth month of that year, Venus again transgressed Jupiter. By the fifth month of the first year of Zhengping, a comet appeared at Rolled Tongue and entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure. Rolled Tongue is the warning of slander. In the sixth month, on the day xinyou, the comet advanced and pressed upon the Emperor's Seat; In the seventh month, on the day yiyou, it transgressed the senior minister star, brushed the Screen, exited the Duan Gate, and vanished at Wings and Chariot Shaft; On the day xinyou, it pointed directly toward the yin-aligned state. Wings and Chariot Shaft mark the state of Chu; at the Screen lies the disorder of rebellion within the palace walls. The heavens seemed to declare that slander taken in at first hand is truly the stairway to rebellion; in the end ministers and chancellors are cut down and one party monopolizes the imperial title—even the southern state's ruler is swept up in the cascade. Previously, in the tenth month of the previous year, the emperor marched south and crossed the River. In the twelfth month, the imperial armies crossed the Huai, ascended Guabu Mountain to review the troops—six hundred thousand horsemen encamped in a line more than three thousand li long; the Song people were terrified and presented a hundred sets of sacrificial animals. In the first month of that year, they took all the lands of Huainan, carried off captives, and returned—the number slaughtered was very great. In the sixth month, the emperor accepted Zong Ai's counsel; the Crown Prince died a violent death. In the second month of the following year, Zong Ai killed the emperor at Yong'an Palace; Left Deputy Director Lan Yan and others were executed for dissenting from his counsel. Zong Ai installed Wu Wang Yu as ruler, then soon murdered him as well. The fulfillment of successive calamities. A year later, Song Crown Prince Shao, his sorcery plot exposed, also killed his ruler and usurped the throne; Shao's younger brother Prince Jun of Wuling, leading armies from the upper reaches, campaigned and put him down. The fulfillment of the omen in Wings and Chariot Shaft. 〈Previously, in the eighth month of the seventh year, the moon transgressed Mars; From the eighth month through the eleventh month, it again transgressed Chariot Shaft. In the first month of that year, Venus crossed the meridian. In the ninth month, Mars transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure. In the tenth month, Zong Ai and others were executed, and Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne. By the eleventh month, Director of the Secretariat Yuan Shou and Director of the Masters of Writing Chunyu Kehou were ordered to die for struggling over power; Grand Commander Li and Minister over the Masses Bi were also demoted for offending the throne. The fulfillment of the comet at the Screen minister star. The following year, in the fifth month, the Empress Dowager died.〉

太安元年六月辛酉，有星起河鼓，東流，有尾跡，光明燭地。河鼓為履險之兵，負海之象也。昭盛為人君之事，星之所往，君且從之。間二歲，帝幸遼西，登碣石以臨滄海，復所過郡國一年，又尾迹之徵。〈是歲五月，火入斗。斗主形命之養。其後三吳荐饑，仍歲疾疫。〉

In the sixth month of the first year of Tai'an, on the day xinyou, a star rose at River Drum and streamed eastward with a tail trail, its brilliance illuminating the ground. River Drum marks armies treading peril—a sea-facing emblem. Resplendent brilliance signifies an affair of the ruler; whither the star goes, the ruler will follow. Two years later, the emperor toured Liaoxi, ascended Jieshi to overlook the blue sea, and remitted one year's taxes in the commanderies and kingdoms he passed through—again the omen of the tail trail. 〈In the fifth month of that year, Mars entered the Dipper. The Dipper governs the nourishment of form and life. Afterwards the Three Wu regions suffered repeated famine, and plague ravaged them year after year.〉

三年十一月，熒惑犯房鈎鈐星。是謂強臣不御，王者憂之。至四年正月，月入太微，犯西蕃；三月，又犯五諸侯。占曰「諸侯大臣有謀反伏誅者」。是月，太白犯房，月入南斗。 [18]皆宋分。占曰「國有變，臣為亂」。十一月，長星出於奎，色白，蛇行，有尾跡，既滅，變為白雲。奎為徐方，又魯分也。占曰「下有流血積骨」。明年，宋兗州刺史竟陵王誕據廣陵作亂，宋主親戎，自夏涉秋，無日不戰，及城陷，悉屠之。

In the eleventh month of the third year, Mars transgressed the Hook and Seal stars of the Fang lodging. This means a powerful minister goes unchecked—the king is troubled. By the first month of the fourth year, the moon entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure and transgressed the western enclosure; In the third month, it again transgressed the Five Feudal Lords. The prognostication reads: "Among feudal lords and great ministers there will be those who plot rebellion and are executed." That month, Venus transgressed Fang, and the moon entered the Southern Dipper. [18] All are Song's allotted regions. The prognostication reads: "The state will undergo change; ministers will rebel." In the eleventh month, a long star emerged from Kui, white in color, moving serpent-like with a tail trail; once it vanished, it changed into white clouds. Kui marks Xu region; it is also Lu's allotted region. The prognostication reads: "Below there will be flowing blood and heaped bones." The following year, Prince Dan of Jingling, Inspector of Yan Province of Song, seized Guangling and rebelled; the Song ruler personally took command; from summer through autumn, not a day passed without battle; when the city fell, all were slaughtered.

二年三月辛巳，有長星出天津，色赤，長匹餘，滅而復出，大小百數。天津，帝之都，船所以渡，神通四方，光大且眾，為人君之事。天象若曰：是將有千乘萬騎之舉，而絕逾大川矣。是月，發卒五千餘，通河西獵道。後年八月，帝校獵于河西，宋主亦大閱舟師，巡狩江右云。

In the second year, in the third month, on the day xinsi, a long star emerged from the Celestial Ford, red in color and more than a match in length; it vanished and re-emerged, with a hundred or so stars large and small. The Celestial Ford is the emperor's capital—the ferry by which boats cross; its spirit connects the four directions; its brilliance is great and multitudinous—an affair of the ruler. The heavens seemed to declare that there would be a mobilization of a thousand chariots and ten thousand horsemen, crossing great rivers. That month, more than five thousand conscript laborers were dispatched to open the hunting road west of the River. Two years later, in the eighth month, the emperor conducted a hunting expedition west of the River; the Song ruler also held a grand naval review, touring and hunting south of the Yangtze.

二年九月，太白犯南斗。斗，吳分。占曰「君死更政，大臣有誅者」。十一月，太白犯填。填，女君也，且曰有內兵、白衣會。至三年九月，火犯積尸。占曰「貴人憂之，斧鉞用」。十月，太白犯歲星。歲為人君，而以兵喪干之，且有死君篡殺之禍。是月，熒惑守軒轅。 [21]占曰「女主憂之，宮中兵亂」。十一月，歲入氐。氐為正寢，歲為有國之君。占曰「諸侯王有來入宮者」。五年二月，月入南斗魁中，犯第四星。占曰「大人憂，太子傷，宮中有自賊者；又大赦」。既而宋孝武及宋后相繼崩殂，少主荐誅輔臣，釁連戚屬，羣下相與殺之，而立宋明帝。江南大饑，且仍，有肆眚之令焉。〈先是，三年六月，太白犯東井；七月，火入井；四年五月，金、火皆犯上相；五年六月，火又入井。占曰「大臣憂，斧鉞用」。六年七月，月犯心前星。是月，宋殺少主，其後有乙渾之難。〉

In the second year, in the ninth month, Venus transgressed the Southern Dipper. The Dipper is Wu's allotted region. The prognostication reads: "The ruler will die and the government will change; great ministers will be executed." In the eleventh month, Venus transgressed Saturn. Saturn is the lady ruler; the omen also indicates internal warfare and a white-robed assembly. By the third year, in the ninth month, Mars transgressed Heap of Corpses. The prognostication reads: "Noble persons will grieve; battle-axes will be employed." In the tenth month, Venus transgressed Jupiter. Jupiter represents the human ruler; to assail it with military calamity portends a dead ruler and usurpation through assassination. That month, Mars stationed at Chariot Shaft. [21] The prognostication reads: "The lady sovereign will grieve; there will be armed disorder in the palace." In the eleventh month, Jupiter entered Di. Di is the proper sleeping quarters; Jupiter is the ruler of a state. The prognostication reads: "Among feudal lords and princes there will be one who enters the palace." In the fifth year, in the second month, the moon entered the head of the Southern Dipper and transgressed the fourth star. The prognostication reads: "Great persons will grieve; the heir will be harmed; within the palace there will be self-inflicted treachery; and also a general amnesty." Soon afterward Emperor Xiaowu of Song and the Song empress died in succession; the young ruler repeatedly executed his assisting ministers, trouble spread to kinsmen, the assembled officials together killed him, and installed Emperor Ming of Song. South of the Yangtze suffered great famine, year after year, and there was an edict of general amnesty for accumulated offenses. 〈Previously, in the sixth month of the third year, Venus transgressed the Eastern Well; In the seventh month, Mars entered the Well; In the fifth month of the fourth year, Venus and Mars both transgressed the Senior Minister; In the sixth month of the fifth year, Mars again entered the Well. The prognostication reads: "Great ministers will grieve; battle-axes will be employed." In the seventh month of the sixth year, the moon transgressed the anterior star of Heart. That month, Song killed the young ruler; afterward came the calamity of Yi Hun.〉

五年七月丁未，歲星守心。心為明堂，歲為諸侯，為長子入而守之，立君之象。占曰「凡五星守心，皆為宮中亂賊，羣下有謀立天子者」。七月己酉，有流星長丈餘，入紫微，經北辰第三星而滅。占曰「有大喪」。九月丁酉，火入軒轅。十一月，長星出織女，色正白，彗之象也。女主專制，將由此始，是以天視由之。長星，彗之著，易政之漸焉。冬，熒惑入太微，犯上將；十二月，遂守之。占曰「公侯謀上，且有斬臣」。六年正月乙未，有流星長丈餘，自五車抵紫宮西蕃乃滅。天象若曰：羣臣或修霸刑，而干蕃輔之任矣。且占曰「政亂有奇令」。四月，太白犯五諸侯。占曰「有專殺諸侯者」。五月癸卯，上崩于太華殿，車騎大將軍乙渾矯詔殺尚書楊寶年等于禁中。戊申，又害司徒、平原王陸麗。明年，皇太后定策誅之。太后臨朝，自馮氏始也。或曰：心為宋分。是歲六月，歲星晝見于南斗。斗為天祿，吳分也。天象若曰：或以諸侯干君而代奪之。是冬，宋明帝以皇弟踐阼，孝武諸子舉兵攻之，四方響應，尋皆伏誅。有太白之刑與歲星之祐焉。〈是歲三月，有流星西行，不可勝數，至明乃止。至六月己卯，又有流星，多西南行。星眾而小，庶人象也，星之所首，人將從之。及宋討孝武諸子，大兵首自尋陽，進平荊雍。其後張永之師敗績于呂梁，魏師盡舉淮右，俘其人，又西流之效也。〉

In the fifth year, in the seventh month, on the day dingwei, Jupiter stationed at Heart. Heart is the Bright Hall; Jupiter represents feudal lords—the eldest son entering and stationing there is an image of establishing a ruler. The prognostication reads: "Whenever any of the five planets stations at Heart, all signify palace rebels; among the assembled subordinates there are those who plot to install the Son of Heaven." In the seventh month, on the day jiyou, a meteor more than a zhang in length entered the Purple Forbidden Enclosure, passed the third star of the Northern Pole, and vanished. The prognostication reads: "There will be great mourning." In the ninth month, on the day dingyou, Mars entered Chariot Shaft. In the eleventh month, a long star emerged from Weaver Girl, pure white in color—the image of a comet. The lady sovereign's exclusive control would begin from this; therefore Heaven's gaze passed through it. A long star is the conspicuous form of a comet—the gradual onset of change in government. In winter, Mars entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure and transgressed the Senior General; In the twelfth month, it then stationed there. The prognostication reads: "Nobles and feudal lords will plot against the ruler, and there will be executed ministers." In the sixth year, in the first month, on the day yimao, a meteor more than a zhang in length streaked from Five Chariots to the western portion of the Purple Palace and vanished. The heavens seemed to declare that ministers might impose hegemonic punishments and encroach upon the duties of border guardians and assistants. Moreover the prognostication reads: "When government is disordered there are extraordinary edicts." In the fourth month, Venus transgressed the Five Feudal Lords. The prognostication reads: "There will be one who kills feudal lords on his own authority." In the fifth month, on the day guimao, the emperor died at Taihua Hall; Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry Yi Hun forged an edict and killed Director of the Masters of Writing Yang Baonian and others within the Forbidden Quarter. On the day wushen, he further killed Minister over the Masses, Prince of Pingyuan Lu Li. The following year, the Empress Dowager resolved on a plan and had him executed. An empress dowager holding court began with the Feng clan. Some say: Heart is Song's allotted region. That year, in the sixth month, Jupiter was visible during daytime at the Southern Dipper. The Dipper is Heaven's salary; it is also Wu's allotted region. The heavens seemed to declare that feudal lords might encroach upon the ruler and seize power in his stead. That winter, Emperor Ming of Song ascended the throne as the emperor's younger brother; the sons of Emperor Xiaowu raised armies to attack him, the four quarters responded, and soon all were executed. There were Venus's punishment and Jupiter's protection in it. 〈That year, in the third month, meteors streamed westward beyond counting, ceasing only at dawn. By the sixth month, on the day jimao, there were again meteors, mostly heading southwest. The stars were numerous and small—the emblem of commoners; whither the stars lead, people will follow. When Song campaigned against the sons of Xiaowu, the great army first set out from Xunyang and advanced to pacify Jing and Yong. Afterward Zhang Yong's army was defeated at Lüliang; Wei forces fully mobilized on the Huai's right bank and captured his men—again the effect of the westward flow.〉

顯祖天安元年正月戊子，[22]太白犯歲星。歲，農事也，肅殺干之，是為稼穡不登。六月，熒惑犯鬼。占曰「旱饑疾疫，金革用」。八月丁亥，太白犯房。占曰「霜雨失節，馬牛多死」。九月甲寅，熒惑犯上將，太白犯南斗第三星。占曰「貴人將相有誅者」。十一月己酉，太白又犯歲星。或曰歲為諸侯，太白主兵刑之政，再干之，事洊也。是歲九月，州鎮十一旱饑。十月，宋氏六王皆戮死。明年，宋師敗于呂梁，江南阻饑，牛且大疫。其後，東平王道符擅殺副將及雍州刺史，據長安反，詔司空和其奴討滅之。九月，詔賜六鎮孤貧布帛，宋主以後宮服御賜征北將士。後歲夏，旱，河決，州鎮二十七皆饑，尋又天下大疫。〈元年六月，太白犯左執法；十月，火又犯之。占曰「大臣有憂，霸者之刑用」。是歲六月，月犯井；十月，又掩之。皇興元年正月，月犯井北轅第二星；八月，又蝕之。占曰「貴人當之，有將死，水旱祥也」。道符作亂之明年，司空和其奴、太宰李峻皆薨。〉 [23]

In the first month of the first year of Tian'an under Emperor Xianzu, on the day wuzi, [22] Venus transgressed Jupiter. Jupiter governs agricultural affairs; when stern slaughter assails it, crops fail to ripen. In the sixth month, Mars transgressed Ghost. The prognostication reads: "Drought, famine, and pestilence; metal and weapons will be employed." In the eighth month, on the day dinghai, Venus transgressed Fang. The prognostication reads: "Frost and rain out of season; horses and oxen will mostly die." In the ninth month, on the day jiayin, Mars transgressed the Senior General, and Venus transgressed the third star of the Southern Dipper. The prognostication reads: "Among nobles, generals, and ministers there will be those who are executed." In the eleventh month, on the day jiyou, Venus again transgressed Jupiter. Some say Jupiter represents feudal lords and Venus governs military punishment; assailing it twice means events will recur. That year, in the ninth month, eleven provincial garrisons suffered drought and famine. In the tenth month, the six princes of the Song house were all executed. The following year, Song armies were defeated at Lüliang; south of the Yangtze famine blocked the land, and cattle suffered great pestilence. Afterward, Prince of Dongping Dao Fu unauthorizedly killed the deputy general and Inspector of Yong Province, seized Chang'an and rebelled; an edict ordered Minister of Works He Qinu to campaign and destroy him. In the ninth month, an edict granted cloth and silk to the orphaned and poor of the Six Garrisons; the Song ruler bestowed inner-palace robes and gear upon the northern campaign troops. The summer of the year after brought drought; the river burst its banks; twenty-seven provincial garrisons all suffered famine; soon afterward a great pestilence spread across the realm. 〈In the first year, in the sixth month, Venus transgressed the Left Enforcement Officer; In the tenth month, Mars again transgressed it. The prognostication reads: "Great ministers will grieve; the hegemon's punishments will be employed." That year, in the sixth month, the moon transgressed the Well; In the tenth month, it again concealed it. In the first year of Huangxing, in the first month, the moon transgressed the second star of the northern axle of the Well; In the eighth month, it again eclipsed it. The prognostication reads: "Noble persons will be struck; generals will die—it is an omen of flood and drought." The year after Dao Fu's rebellion, Minister of Works He Qinu and Grand Mentor Li Jun both died.〉 See editorial note 23.

高祖延興元年十月庚子，月入畢口。畢，魏分。占曰：「小人罔上，大人易位，國有拘主反臣。」十二月辛卯，火犯鈎鈐。鈎鈐以統天駟，火為內亂。天象若曰：人君失馭，或以亂政乘之矣。乙巳，鎮星犯井。夫井者，天下之平也，而女君以干之，是為后竊刑柄。占曰：「天下無主，大人憂之，有過賞之事焉。」二年正月，月犯畢；丙子，月犯東井；庚子，又如之。 [24]占曰：「天下有變，令貴人多死者。」

In the tenth month of the first year of Yanxing under Emperor Gaozu, on the day gengzi, the moon entered the mouth of Net. Net is Wei's allotted region. The prognostication reads: 「Petty men deceive their superiors; great persons change places; the state has a captive ruler and rebellious ministers. 」In the twelfth month, on the day xinmao, Mars transgressed the Hook and Seal. The Hook and Seal governs the Celestial Team of Four; fire signifies internal disorder. The heavens seemed to declare that the ruler had lost control, and someone might seize power through disorderly government. On the day yisi, Saturn transgressed the Well. The Well is the balance of all under Heaven; yet the lady ruler assailed it—this signifies the empress seizing the handles of punishment. The prognostication reads: 「All under Heaven has no master; great persons will grieve; there will be matters of excessive reward. 」In the second year, in the first month, the moon transgressed Net; On the day bingzi, the moon transgressed the Eastern Well; On the day gengzi, it did so again. [24] The prognostication reads: "All under Heaven has upheaval; many nobles among those holding command will die."

三年八月，月犯太微。又羣陰不制之象也。是時馮太后宣淫于朝，昵近小人而附益之，所費以鉅萬億計，天子徒尸位而已。二年九月，河間王閭虎皮以貪殘賜死。其後，司空、東平郡王陸麗坐事廢為兵，既而宮車晏駕。〈或曰月入畢口為赦令。二年正月，曲赦京師及秦涼諸鎮。 [25]星及月犯井，皆為水災，且旱祥也。是歲九月，州鎮十一水旱，詔免其田租，開倉賑乏。〉

In the third year, in the eighth month, the moon transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure. It is also an image of the manifold yin forces left unrestrained. At this time Empress Dowager Feng flaunted licentious conduct at court, drew close to petty men and enriched them; expenditures ran to tens of millions—the Son of Heaven held office in name alone. In the second year, in the ninth month, Prince of Hejian Lü Hupi was granted death for greed and cruelty. Afterward, Minister of Works and Prince of Dongping Lu Li, punished for his offense, was degraded to common soldier; soon afterward the emperor died. 〈Some say the moon's entering the mouth of Net signifies an amnesty decree. In the second year, in the first month, a partial amnesty was granted to the capital and the Qin-Liang garrisons. [25] Stars and the moon transgressing the Well—all signify flood disasters, and also omens of drought. That year, in the ninth month, eleven provincial garrisons suffered flood and drought; an edict remitted their field taxes and opened granaries to relieve the destitute.〉

四年九月己卯，月犯畢。 [26]七月丙申，太白犯歲星，在角。 [27]丁卯，太白又入氐。 [28]太白有母后之幾，主兵喪之政，以干君於外朝而及其宿宮，是將有劫殺之虞矣。二月癸丑，月犯軒轅；甲寅，又犯歲星。月為強大之臣，為主女之象，[29]始由后妃之府而干少陽之君，示人主以戒敬之備也。五年三月甲戌，月掩填星。天象若曰：是又僻行不制而棄其紀綱矣。且占曰「貴人強死，天下亂」。三月癸未，金、火皆入羽林。占曰「臣欲賊主，諸侯之兵盡發」。八月乙亥，月掩畢。十一月，月入軒轅，食第二星。至承明元年四月，月食尾。五月己亥，金、火皆入軒轅；庚子，相逼同光。皆后妃之謫也。天若言曰：母后之釁幾貫盈矣，人君忘祖考之業，慕匹夫之孝，其如宗祀何？是時，獻文不悟，至六月暴崩，實有酖毒之禍焉。由是言之，皇天有以覩履霜之萌，而為之成象久矣。其後，文明皇太后崩，孝文皇帝方修諒陰之儀，篤孺子之慕，竟未能述宣春秋之義，而懲供人之黨，是以胡氏循之，卒傾魏室，豈不哀哉！或曰：太白犯歲於天門，以臣伐君之象；金、火同光，又兵亂之徵。時宋主昏狂，公侯近戚冤死相繼。既而桂陽、建平王並稱兵內侮，矢及宮闕，僅乃戡之。尋為左右楊玉夫等所殺。〈或曰：月犯歲、鎮，金、火入軒轅，皆饉祥也。月掩畢，主邊兵。四年，州鎮十三饑；又比歲蝗旱。太和元年，雲中又饑，開倉賑之。先是，四年四月丙午，有大星西流，殷殷有聲；十一月辛未，又如之。是歲五月，宋桂陽王反于江州，間歲，沈攸之反于江陵，皆為大兵西伐。時以江南內攜，又詔五將伐蜀。〉

In the fourth year, in the ninth month, on the day jimao, the moon transgressed Net. [26] In the seventh month, on the day bingshen, Venus transgressed Jupiter at Horn. [27] On the day dingmao, Venus again entered Di. [28] Venus bears the omen of an empress dowager; it governs military mourning affairs—assailing the ruler in the outer court and reaching his dwelling palace—there will soon be fear of robbery and slaughter. In the second month, on the day guichou, the moon transgressed Chariot Shaft; On the day jiayin, it again transgressed Jupiter. The moon is a powerful minister, the image of the ruler's daughter; [29] beginning from the quarters of empress and consorts it assails the youthful yang ruler, showing the sovereign the need for vigilance and reverence. In the fifth year, in the third month, on the day jiaxu, the moon concealed Saturn. The heavens seemed to declare that this was again deviant movement left unrestrained, abandoning its cords and net. Moreover the prognostication reads: "Nobles will die violently; all under Heaven will fall into disorder." In the third month, on the day guiwei, Venus and Mars both entered the Feathered Forest. The prognostication reads: "Ministers wish to murder their lord; the armies of the feudal lords will all be mobilized." In the eighth month, on the day yihai, the moon concealed Net. In the eleventh month, the moon entered Chariot Shaft and eclipsed the second star. By the fourth month of Chenming year 1, the moon eclipsed Tail. In the fifth month, on the day jihai, Venus and Mars both entered Chariot Shaft; On the day gengzi, they pressed close sharing the same light. All were punishments upon empress and consorts. Heaven seemed to say: The empress dowager's offense is nearly full to overflowing; the ruler has forgotten his ancestors' enterprise and cherishes a commoner's filial piety—what will become of the ancestral sacrifices? At that time Emperor Xianwen did not perceive the warning; by the sixth month he died suddenly—truly there was the calamity of poisoned wine. From this perspective, August Heaven had already discerned the sprout of frost underfoot and long since manifested it in completed signs. Afterward, Empress Dowager Wenming died; Emperor Xiaowen was just observing mourning rites and cherished childlike grief for his parents—yet in the end he could not proclaim and enact the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Annals and punish the faction of palace attendants; thus the Hu clan followed in their course, and at last the Wei house was overturned—how pitiful! Some say: Venus transgressing Jupiter at the Celestial Gate is the image of a minister attacking his ruler; Venus and Mars sharing the same light is likewise a sign of military disorder. At that time the Song ruler was maddened and reckless; among dukes, marquises, and close kin wrongful deaths followed one after another. Soon the Princes of Guiyang and Jianping both raised armies and insulted the court from within; arrows reached the palace gates—they were barely suppressed. Before long he was killed by his attendants Yang Yufu and others. 〈Some say: The moon transgressing Jupiter and Saturn, and Venus and Mars entering Chariot Shaft—all are famine omens. The moon concealing Net governs frontier armies. In the fourth year, thirteen provincial garrisons suffered famine; And for successive years there were locusts and drought. In the first year of Taihe, Yunzhong again suffered famine; granaries were opened to relieve it. Previously, in the fourth year, in the fourth month, on the day bingwu, a great star flowed westward, rumbling with sound; In the eleventh month, on the day xinwei, it happened again. That year, in the fifth month, the Song Prince of Guiyang rebelled at Jiang Province; the year after, Shen Youzhi rebelled at Jiangling—both drew great armies on western campaigns. At the time, with the lands south of the Yangtze torn by internal strife, an edict also ordered five generals to campaign against Shu.〉

太和元年五月庚子，太白犯熒惑，在張，南國之次也。占曰「其國兵喪並興，有軍大戰，人主死」。壬申，水、土合于翼，皆入太微，主令不行之象也。占曰「女主持政，大夫執綱，國且內亂，羣臣相殺」。九月丁亥，太白晝見，經天，光色尤盛，更姓之祥也。二年九月，火犯鬼。占曰「主以淫泆失政，相死之」。三年三月，月犯心。心為天王，又宋分。三月，填星逆行入太微，留左掖門內。占曰「土守南宮，必有破國易代。逆行者，事逆也」。自元年三月至二年六月，月行五犯太微，與劉氏篡晉同占。又自元年八月至三年五月，月行六犯南斗，入魁中。斗為大人壽命，且吳分。是時馮太后專政，而宋將蕭道成亦擅威福之權，方圖劉氏。宋司徒袁粲起兵石頭，沈攸之起兵江陵，將誅之，不克，皆為所殺。三年四月，竟篡其君而自立，是為齊帝。是年五月，又害宋君于丹陽宮。〈又元年十月，月犯昴，為刑獄事。二年六月，月犯房。占曰「貴人有誅者」。或曰「月犯斗，亦大臣之謫也」。其後李惠伏誅，宜都、長樂王並賜死。又元年二月壬戌，月在井，暈參、畢、兩河、五車。占曰「大赦」。至八月，大赦天下。三年正月壬子，又暈觜、參、昴、畢、五車、東井。至十月，大赦天下。〉

In the first year of Taihe, in the fifth month, on the day gengzi, Venus transgressed Mars at Spread—the station of the southern state. The prognostication reads: "That state will see armies and mourning rise together; there will be a great battle; the ruler will die." On the day renshen, Mercury and Saturn conjoined at Wings—both entered the Supreme Palace Enclosure—the image of commands not being executed. The prognostication reads: "A woman sovereign holds power; great officers grasp the cords of rule; the state will soon fall into internal disorder; ministers will slaughter one another." In the ninth month, on the day dinghai, Venus was visible during the day as it crossed the meridian, its light and color exceptionally bright—an omen of changed surname. In the second year, in the ninth month, Mars transgressed Ghost. The prognostication reads: "The ruler loses government through debauchery; the minister will die for it." In the third year, in the third month, the moon transgressed Heart. Heart is the Heavenly King; it is also Song's allotted region. In the third month, Saturn moved retrograde into the Supreme Palace Enclosure, remaining within the Left Rear Gate. The prognostication reads: "Earth guards the Southern Palace—there will surely be a broken state and change of dynasty. Retrograde motion means events run counter." From the first year, third month through the second year, sixth month, the moon five times transgressed the Supreme Palace Enclosure—the same prognostication as when the Liu house usurped Jin. Also from the first year, eighth month through the third year, fifth month, the moon six times transgressed the Southern Dipper, entering the Dipper head. The Dipper is the great person's lifespan; moreover it is Wu's allotted region. At this time Empress Dowager Feng monopolized government, while the Song general Xiao Daocheng also arrogated the power of grace and punishment, plotting against the Liu house. Song Minister over the Masses Yuan Can raised troops at Stone City; Shen Youzhi raised troops at Jiangling—they intended to execute him but failed, and both were killed by him. In the third year, in the fourth month, he at last usurped his ruler and installed himself—this was the Qi emperor. That year, in the fifth month, he again killed the Song ruler at Danyang Palace. 〈Also in the first year, in the tenth month, the moon transgressed Hairy Head—matters of punishment and prisons. In the second year, in the sixth month, the moon transgressed Chamber. The prognostication reads: "Among nobles there will be those who are executed." Some say: "The moon transgressing the Dipper is likewise the demotion of great ministers." Afterward Li Hui was executed; the Princes of Yidu and Changle were both granted death. Also in the first year, in the second month, on the day renxu, the moon was in the Well, with halos around Shen, Net, the Two Rivers, and the Five Chariots. The prognostication reads: "Great amnesty." By the eighth month, a great amnesty was granted to all under Heaven. In the third year, in the first month, on the day renzi, halos again appeared around Turtle Beak, Shen, Hairy Head, Net, the Five Chariots, and the Eastern Well. By the tenth month, a great amnesty was granted to all under Heaven.〉

三年，自五月至十二月，月三入斗魁中；四年五月庚戌、七月己巳，又如之；六年二月，又犯斗魁第二星。占曰「其國大人憂，不出三年」。七月丁未，十月丙申，月再犯心大星；自四年正月至六年二月，又五干之。斗為爵祿之柄，心為布政之宮，月行干而轥之，亦以荐矣。其占曰「月犯心，亂臣在側，有亡君之戒，人主以善事除殃」。是時，馮太后將危少主者數矣，帝春秋方富，而承事孝敬，動無違禮，故竟得無咎。至六年三月，而齊主殂焉。或曰：月犯斗，其國兵憂。心又豫州也。時比歲連兵南討，五年二月大破齊師于淮陽，又擊齊下蔡軍，大敗之。〈先是三年八月，金犯軒轅；四年二月，又犯軒轅第二星；六年正月，又犯軒轅大星；八月，又犯軒轅左角。左角，后宗也。是時太后淫亂，而幽后之姪娣，又將薄德。天若言曰：是無周南之風，不足訓也，故月、太白驟于之。〉

In the third year, from the fifth month through the twelfth month, the moon thrice entered the head of the Southern Dipper; In the fourth year, on the days gengxu of the fifth month and jisi of the seventh month, it did so again; In the sixth year, in the second month, it again transgressed the second star of the Dipper head. The prognostication reads: "That state's great persons will grieve; within three years." On the days dingwei of the seventh month and bingshen of the tenth month, the moon again transgressed the great star of Heart; From the fourth year, first month through the sixth year, second month, it assailed it five times more. The Dipper is the handle of rank and emolument; Heart is the palace of distributing government—the moon's movement assailing and treading upon it likewise recurred repeatedly. Its prognostication reads: "The moon transgressing Heart—rebellious ministers at the ruler's side; warning of a lost ruler; the sovereign removes calamity through good deeds." At this time Empress Dowager Feng several times would have endangered the young ruler; the emperor's years were still abundant, yet in serving her he was filial and reverent, his conduct never violating ritual—thus in the end he escaped blame. By the third month of the sixth year, the Qi ruler died. Some say: The moon transgressing the Dipper means military alarm for that state. Heart is also Yu Province. At that time for successive years armies campaigned south in succession; in the fifth year, in the second month, they routed Qi forces at Huaiyang, then struck the Qi army at Xiacai and defeated it utterly. 〈Previously, in the third year, in the eighth month, Venus transgressed Chariot Shaft; In the fourth year, in the second month, it again transgressed the second star of Chariot Shaft; In the sixth year, in the first month, it again transgressed the great star of Chariot Shaft; In the eighth month, it again transgressed the left horn of Chariot Shaft. The Left Horn is the empress dowager's lineage. At that time the empress dowager was licentious, and the niece and younger sister of Empress You would likewise prove wanting in virtue. Heaven seemed to say: This is devoid of the ethos of Zhou Nan—not worth taking as instruction—thus the moon and Venus repeatedly hastened to it.〉

三年九月庚子，太白犯左執法；十二月丙戌，月犯之； [30]四年二月辛巳，[31]月又犯之；九月壬戌，太白又犯之；五年二月癸卯，月犯太微西蕃上將；至六年十月乙酉，熒惑又犯之。夫南宮執法，所以糾淫忒，成肅雍；而上將朝庭之輔也。天象若曰：王化將㢮，淫風幾興，固不足以令天下矣，而廷臣莫之糾弼，安用之！文明太后雖獨厚幸臣，而公卿坐受榮賜者費亦巨億，蓋近乎素餐焉。其三年九月，安樂王長樂下獄死，隴西王源賀薨；四年正月，廣川王略薨，襄城王韓頹徙邊；七月，頓丘王李鍾葵賜死；其後任城王雲、中山王叡又薨。比年死黜相繼，蓋天謫存焉。〈四年春月，又掩火，亦大臣死黜之祥也。又比年，月再犯昴，亦為獄事與白衣之會也。〉

In the third year, in the ninth month, on the day gengzi, Venus transgressed the Left Enforcement Officer; In the twelfth month, on the day bingxu, the moon transgressed it; [30] In the fourth year, in the second month, on the day xinsi, [31] the moon again transgressed it; In the ninth month, on the day renxu, Venus again transgressed it; In the fifth year, in the second month, on the day guimao, the moon transgressed the senior general of the western enclosure of the Supreme Palace; By the sixth year, in the tenth month, on the day yiyou, Mars again transgressed it. The Enforcement Officer of the Southern Palace exists to correct debauchery and bring about solemn harmony; while the Senior General is the court's support. The heavens seemed to declare that royal civilization was about to collapse, licentious winds were nearly rising—it plainly could not command all under Heaven—yet court ministers did not correct and assist; of what use were they! Although Empress Dowager Wenming alone lavished favor on her cherished ministers, the ministers and nobles who merely sat receiving honors and gifts also consumed sums reaching hundreds of millions—nearly holding office in name alone. In the third year, in the ninth month, the Prince of Anle Chang Le died in prison; Yuan He, Prince of Longxi, passed away; In the fourth year, in the first month, the Prince of Guangchuan Lue passed away; Han Tui, Prince of Xiangcheng, was banished to the frontier; In the seventh month, Li Zhongkui, Prince of Dunqiu, was ordered to take his own life; Afterward the Prince of Rencheng Yun and the Prince of Zhongshan Rui also passed away. Year after year deaths and dismissals followed in succession—surely Heaven's rebuke was manifest. 〈In the spring month of the fourth year, Mars was again concealed—likewise an omen of ministers dying and being dismissed. Also in successive years the moon twice transgressed Hairy Head—again signifying prison affairs and the white-robed assembly.〉

五年九月辛巳，填犯辰星于軫。占曰「為饑，為內亂，且有壅川溢水之變」。是歲，京師大霖雨，州鎮十二饑。至六年七月丙申，又大流星起東壁，光明燭地，尾長二丈餘。東壁，土功之政也。是月發卒五萬，通靈丘道。十月己酉，有流星入翼，尾長五丈餘。七星，中州之羽儀；翼，南國也。天象若曰：將擇文明之士，使于楚邦焉。明年，員外散騎常侍李彪使齊，始通二國之好焉。〈四年正月丁未，月在畢，暈參、井、五車，赦祥也。四月，幸廷尉獄，錄囚徒。明年二月，大赦。是月，月在翼，有偏日暈，[32]侵五車、東井、軒轅、北河、鬼，至北斗、紫垣、攝提。六年正月癸亥，月在畢，暈參兩肩、五車、胃、昴、畢。至甲戌，天下大赦。江南嗣君即位，亦大赦改元。〉

In the fifth year, in the ninth month, on the day xinsi, Saturn transgressed Mercury at Chariot Shaft. The prognostication reads: "There will be famine and internal disorder, and moreover changes of rivers blocked and waters overflowing." That year the capital saw torrential rains; twelve provinces and garrisons suffered famine. By the sixth year, in the seventh month, on the day bingshen, a great meteor again rose from Eastern Wall, its light illuminating the ground, its tail more than two zhang long. Eastern Wall governs earthworks and public construction. That month fifty thousand conscript laborers were dispatched to open the Lingqiu Road. In the tenth month, on the day jiyou, a meteor entered Wings, its tail more than five zhang long. Seven Stars is the ceremonial regalia of the central provinces; Wings is the southern state. The heavens seemed to declare: Cultivated worthies would be chosen and sent as envoys to the state of Chu. The next year Supernumerary Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry Li Biao was sent as envoy to Qi, and friendly relations between the two states were first established. 〈In the fourth year, in the first month, on the day dingwei, the moon was at Net, with halos around Three Stars, the Well, and the Five Chariots—an omen of amnesty. In the fourth month the emperor visited the Minister of Justice's prison and reviewed the convicts. In the second month of the next year a great amnesty was granted. That month the moon was at Wings; there was a partial solar halo, [32] encroaching upon the Five Chariots, Eastern Well, Chariot Shaft, North River, and Ghost, reaching the Northern Dipper, Purple Forbidden Enclosure, and Sieve. In the sixth year, in the first month, on the day guihai, the moon was at Net, with halos around the two shoulders of Three Stars, the Five Chariots, Stomach, Hairy Head, and Net. By the day jiaxu a great amnesty was granted to all under Heaven. The successor ruler south of the Yangtze also ascended the throne, granting a great amnesty and changing the reign title.〉

七年六月庚午辰時，東北有流星一，大如太白，北流破為三段。十月己亥，星隕如虹。是時，太后專朝，且多外嬖，雖天子由倚附之，故有干明之謫焉。破而為三，席勢者眾也。昔春秋星隕如雨，而羣陰起霸。其後漢成帝時，旰日晦冥，眾星行隕，燿燿如雨，而王氏之禍萌。至是天妖復見，又與元后同符矣。

In the seventh year, in the sixth month, on the day gengwu at the chen hour, in the northeast there was one meteor, as large as Venus, streaming northward and breaking into three segments. In the tenth month, on the day jihai, stars fell like a rainbow. At this time the empress dowager monopolized the court and kept many outside favorites; though the Son of Heaven still relied upon her, there was the punishment of assaulting the ruler's light. Breaking into three means those who rely on power are many. In antiquity during the Spring and Autumn period stars fell like rain, and the multitude of yin forces rose to hegemony. Afterward in the time of Emperor Cheng of Han, at midday the sky grew dark, many stars moved and fell, blazing like rain—and the calamity of the Wang clan sprouted. Now the celestial prodigy appeared again, matching the omen of Empress Yuan.

十年八月辰時，有星落如流火三道；戊寅，又有流星出日西南一丈所，西北流，大如太白，至午西破為二段，尾長五尺，復分為二，入雲間。仍見者，事荐也，後代其踵而行之，以至於分崩離析乎？先是，七年十月，有客星大如斗，在參東，似孛。占曰「大臣有執主之命者，且歲旱糴貴」。十年九月，熒惑犯歲星。歲主農事，火星以亂氣干之，五稼旱傷之象也。占曰「元陽以饉，[33]人不安」。自八年至十一年，黎人阻饑，且仍歲災旱。〈八年正月辛巳，月在畢，暈井、歲星、觜、參、五車。占曰「有赦，糴貴」。其年六月，大赦。冬，州鎮十五水旱，人饑。九年正月，月在參，暈觜、參兩肩、五車，為大赦，為水。戊申，月犯井，為水祥也。是歲，冀定數州大水，人有鬻男女者，京師及州鎮十三水旱傷稼。明年，大赦。〉

In the tenth year, in the eighth month at the chen hour, stars fell like three streaks of flowing fire; On the day wuyin, another meteor emerged about one zhang southwest of the sun, streaming northwest, as large as Venus; by noon in the west it broke into two segments, its tail five chi long, then split again into two and entered the clouds. When it appears again, affairs recur; will later ages follow in its footsteps, until disintegration and collapse? Previously, in the seventh year, in the tenth month, there was a guest star as large as the Dipper, east of Three Stars, resembling a broom star. The prognostication reads: "A great minister will usurp his lord's command, and moreover the year will be drought-stricken with grain dear." In the tenth year, in the ninth month, Mars transgressed Jupiter. Jupiter governs agricultural affairs; Mars with its disorderly qi assails it—the image of the five grains stricken by drought. The prognostication reads: "The primal yang is exhausted by famine, [33] and the people are unsettled." From the eighth year through the eleventh year the common people were beset by famine, and year after year disaster and drought continued. 〈In the eighth year, in the first month, on the day xinsi, the moon was at Net, with halos around the Well, Jupiter, Turtle Beak, Three Stars, and the Five Chariots. The prognostication reads: "There will be an amnesty, and grain will be dear." That year, in the sixth month, a great amnesty was granted. In winter fifteen provinces and garrisons suffered flood and drought; the people went hungry. In the ninth year, in the first month, the moon was at Three Stars, with halos around Turtle Beak, the two shoulders of Three Stars, and the Five Chariots—signifying great amnesty and water. On the day wushen the moon transgressed the Well—an omen of water. That year several prefectures in Ji and Ding suffered great floods; people sold sons and daughters; the capital and thirteen provinces and garrisons suffered flood and drought damaging the crops. The next year a great amnesty was granted.〉

十一年三月丁亥，火、土合于南斗。填為履霜之漸，斗為經始之謀，而天視由之，所以為大人之戒也。占曰「其國內亂，不可舉事用兵」。是時齊主持諸侯王酷甚，雖酒食之饋，猶裁之有司。故天若言曰：非所以保根固本，以貽長代之謀也，內亂由是興焉。五月丁酉，太白經天，晝見，庚子遂犯畢。畢又邊兵也。是歲，蠕蠕寇邊。明年，齊將陳達伐我南鄙，陷澧陽。間歲而齊君子子響為有司所御，遂憤怒而反，伏誅。及齊主殂而西昌侯篡之，高、武子孫所在棊布，皆拱手就戮，亦齊君自為之焉。〈十一年六月乙丑，月犯斗；丙寅，遂犯建星。亦圖始之謀也。十二年七月，月犯牛；十三年六月，又掩之；明年八月，又犯之。牛主吳分。占曰「國有憂，大將戮」。亦江南兵饉之徵也。〉

In the eleventh year, in the third month, on the day dinghai, Mars and Saturn conjoined at the Southern Dipper. Saturn is the gradual tread upon frost; the Dipper is the founding plans—and Heaven's regard proceeds through them; this is why they serve as a warning to great persons. The prognostication reads: "That state will have internal disorder; one must not undertake affairs or deploy armies." At this time the Qi ruler treated the feudal princes with extreme harshness; even gifts of food and drink were rationed by officials. Therefore Heaven seemed to say: This is not the way to preserve roots and strengthen the foundation, to bequeath plans for long generations—internal disorder arose from this. In the fifth month, on the day dingyou, Venus crossed the meridian and was visible during the day; on the day gengzi it then transgressed Net. Net also governs frontier armies. That year the Rouran raided the frontier. The next year the Qi general Chen Da attacked our southern frontier and captured Liyang. A year later the Qi noble's son Zi Xiang was resisted by officials; enraged, he rebelled and was executed. When the Qi ruler died the Marquis of Xichang usurped the throne; descendants of the Gao and Wu clans were scattered everywhere like chess pieces, all going submissively to slaughter—it was the Qi ruler's own doing. 〈In the eleventh year, in the sixth month, on the day yichou, the moon transgressed the Dipper; On the day bingyin it then transgressed Establishment. This too is the planning of founding beginnings. In the twelfth year, in the seventh month, the moon transgressed Ox; In the thirteenth year, in the sixth month, it concealed it again; In the eighth month of the next year it transgressed it again. Ox governs Wu's allotted region. The prognostication reads: "The state will have grief; a great general will be executed." It is also a sign of armies and famine south of the Yangtze.〉

七月癸丑，太白犯軒轅大星；八月甲寅，又犯之。皆女君之謫也，天象若曰：軒轅以母萬物，由后妃之母兆人也，是固多穢，復將安用之？其物類之感，又稼穡之不滋候也。是歲年穀不登，聽人出關就食。明年，州鎮十五皆大饑，詔開倉賑乏。間歲，太后崩。〈是歲月三入井，金又犯之。占曰「陰陽不和，不為水患且大旱」。其後連年亢陽，而吳中比歲霖雨傷稼也。〉

In the seventh month, on the day guichou, Venus transgressed the Great Star of Chariot Shaft; In the eighth month, on the day jiayin, it transgressed it again. All were punishments upon the female sovereign; the heavens seemed to declare: Chariot Shaft nurtures the myriad things—through empress and consorts it nurtures the people; there is indeed much filth—how then will it be put to use? Its resonance with things and species is again the sign that grain crops will not flourish. That year the harvest failed; people were permitted to leave the passes to seek food. The next year fifteen provinces and garrisons all suffered great famine; an edict opened the granaries to relieve the destitute. A year later the empress dowager died. 〈That year the moon thrice entered the Well, and Venus again transgressed it. The prognostication reads: "Yin and yang are not in harmony—not water calamity but great drought." Afterward drought continued year after year, while in Wu torrential rains year after year damaged the crops.〉

十二年三月甲申，歲星逆行入氐。甲、申，皆齊分也。占曰「諸侯王而升為天子者」。逆行者，其事逆也。先是，去年十月，歲、辰、太白合于氐。是謂驚立絕行，[34]改立王公。是歲四月，月犯氐，與歲同舍；六月丁巳，月又入氐，犯歲星。月為強大之臣，歲為少君也，與歲同心內宮而干犯之，強宗擅命，逼奪其君之象也。再干之，其事荐至。

In the twelfth year, in the third month, on the day jiashen, Jupiter moved retrograde and entered Di. Jia and shen are both Qi's allotted regions. The prognostication reads: "A feudal prince who ascends to become Son of Heaven." Retrograde motion means the affair runs counter. Previously, in the tenth month of the previous year, Jupiter, Mercury, and Venus conjoined at Di. This is called startled establishment and severed course, [34] changing and installing kings and dukes. That year, in the fourth month, the moon transgressed Di and shared the same lodging with Jupiter; In the sixth month, on the day dingsi, the moon again entered Di and transgressed Jupiter. The moon is the powerful minister; Jupiter is the young ruler; sharing the same intent within the inner palace yet assailing and transgressing it—the image of a powerful clan arrogating command and forcing its lord aside. Assailing it twice—the affair recurred repeatedly.

十二年四月癸丑，月、火、金會于井；辛酉，金犯火；甲戌，火、水又俱入井。皆雨暘失節，萬物不成候也。且曰王業將易，諸侯貴人多死。是歲，月行四入氐；十月，辰星入之；閏月丁丑，火犯氐；乙卯，又入之。占曰「大旱歲荒，人且相食，國易政，君失宮，遠期五年」。氐，又女君之府也。是歲，兩雍及豫州旱饑。明年，州鎮十五大饉。至十四年，太后崩。時江南北連歲災雨，至十七年，有劫殺之禍，誅死相踵焉。〈是歲月三犯房；十三年四月，又犯之；七月至十月，再犯鍵閉。占曰「有亂臣，不出三年伐其主」。自十二年七月至十四年八月，月再犯牛，又再掩之，凡六犯牛且掩之。牛為吳越，饉祥也，畢，魏分。且曰貴人多死免者。十二年九月，司徒、淮南王他薨。十三年，光州人王泰反，章武、汝陰、南安三王皆坐贓廢，安豐王猛、司空荀頹並薨。十四年，地豆于及庫莫奚頻犯塞，京兆王廢為庶人。〉

In the twelfth year, in the fourth month, on the day guichou, the moon, Mars, and Venus gathered at the Well; On the day xinyou Venus transgressed Mars; On the day jiaxu Mars and Mercury both entered the Well again. All are signs that rain and sunshine are out of season and the myriad things will not come to fruition. Moreover it signifies that royal enterprise will change hands, and many among the feudal lords and nobles will die. That year the moon's course four times entered Di; In the tenth month Mercury entered it; In the intercalary month, on the day dingchou, Mars transgressed Di; On the day yimao it entered again. The prognostication reads: "Great drought and year of famine; people will even devour one another; the state will change its government; the ruler will lose his palace—within five years in the distant future." Di is also the lodging of the lady sovereign. That year both Yong provinces and Yuzhou suffered drought and famine. The following year fifteen provinces and garrisons suffered severe famine. By the fourteenth year the Empress Dowager passed away. At this time the lands south of the Yangtze suffered disastrous rains year after year; by the seventeenth year the calamity of pillage and slaughter arrived, and executions followed in succession. 〈That year the moon thrice transgressed Fang; In the thirteenth year, in the fourth month, it transgressed it again; From the seventh month through the tenth month it twice transgressed Key and Lock. The prognostication reads: "There will be rebellious ministers; within three years they will attack their lord." From the seventh month of the twelfth year through the eighth month of the fourteenth year, the moon twice transgressed Ox and twice concealed it—in all six transgressions and concealments of Ox. Ox corresponds to Wu and Yue—it is a famine omen; Net is Wei's allotted region. Moreover it signifies that many among the nobility will die or be removed from office. In the twelfth year, in the ninth month, the Minister Over the Masses, Prince of Huainan Ta, passed away. In the thirteenth year Wang Tai of Guangzhou rebelled; the princes of Zhangwu, Ruyin, and Nan'an were all deposed for corruption; Prince Anfeng Meng and Minister of Works Xun Tui both passed away. In the fourteenth year the Didouyu and Kumo Xi repeatedly raided the frontier passes; the Prince of Jingzhao was degraded to commoner status.〉

校勘記

Textual notes

魏書卷一百五之三諸本目錄注「闕」字，卷末附宋人校語云：〈殿本入考證〉「魏收書天象志第一卷載天及日變，第二卷載月變，第三、第四卷應載星變。今此二卷，天、日、月、星變編年總繫魏及南朝禍咎。蓋魏收志第三、第四卷亡，後人取他人所撰志補足之。魏澹書世已無本，據目錄作西魏帝紀，而元善見、司馬昌明、劉裕、蕭道成皆入列傳。此志主東魏，而晉、宋、齊、梁君皆稱帝號，亦非魏澹書明矣。唐書經籍志有張太素魏書一百卷，故世人疑此二卷為太素書志。崇文總目有張太素魏書天文志二卷，今亦亡矣。惟昭文館有史館舊本魏書志第三卷，前題朝議郎、行著作郎修國史張太素撰。太素唐人，故諱『世』『民』等字。」按天象志三及四非魏書原文甚明，其中記月變即採志二所載，記星變似兼採已亡之魏書志三、四和宋書天文志。

Book of Wei juan 105c: In the tables of contents of various editions this scroll is marked "lacunose"; at the end of the scroll is attached a Song-dynasty editor's collation note stating: 〈Entered under textual verification in the Palace Edition〉 "Wei Shou's original: Celestial Phenomena Treatise juan 1 records changes of heaven and the sun; juan 2 records lunar changes; juan 3 and juan 4 should record stellar changes. These two scrolls now chronologically tie together changes of heaven, sun, moon, and stars with calamities afflicting Wei and the Southern Dynasties. Presumably juan 3 and juan 4 of Wei Shou's treatise are lost; later hands supplemented the lacuna with treatises written by others. Wei Dan's Book of Wei no longer survives; according to its table of contents it placed the Western Wei emperors in annals, yet Yuan Shanjian, Sima Changming, Liu Yu, and Xiao Daocheng all appear in biographies. This treatise chiefly concerns Eastern Wei, yet rulers of Jin, Song, Qi, and Liang are all addressed by imperial titles—this plainly is not Wei Dan's text either. The bibliographic treatise of the Tang Annals lists Zhang Taisu's Book of Wei in one hundred juan; hence scholars suspect these two scrolls are Zhang Taisu's astronomical treatise. The Chongwen zongmu lists Zhang Taisu's Astronomical Treatise of the Book of Wei in two juan—it too is now lost. Only the Zhao Library held an old History Bureau copy of Book of Wei Treatise juan 3, prefaced: "Composed by Court Gentleman for Consultation, Acting Author at the Bureau of Authorship revising national history, Zhang Taisu." Taisu was a Tang author; hence he observed taboo against characters such as shi and min. Examining the matter: Celestial Phenomena Treatises 3 and 4 are plainly not original Book of Wei text; the lunar changes recorded therein are taken from Treatise 2, while the stellar changes seem drawn both from the lost Book of Wei treatises 3 and 4 and from the Astronomical Treatise of the Song Annals.

元年十月至二年五月月再掩東蕃上相按志二天興元年十一月丁丑，月掩東上相。這裏「十」下當脫「一」字。

From the tenth month of year 1 through the fifth month of year 2 the moon twice concealed the prime minister of the eastern enclosure — Treatise 2 records that in Tianxing first year, eleventh month, day dingchou, the moon concealed the eastern prime minister. Here the character "one" is missing after "ten."

是歲秀容胡帥亦聚眾反諸本「帥」訛「師」，今據志二天興四年三月甲子條改。又「是歲」承上文是四年，據志二事在五年十一月。

That year a Xiurong chieftain also gathered followers in rebellion — in various editions shuai (commander) is written erroneously as shi (master); emended according to Treatise 2, Tianxing fourth year, third month, day jiazi entry. Also, "that year" continues from above as the fourth year; according to Treatise 2 the event occurred in the eleventh month of the fifth year.

二年八月火犯斗丁亥又犯建按天賜二年八月庚戌朔，無丁亥。宋志是年不載，而次年〈義熙二年，即魏天賜三年〉記八月癸亥，熒惑犯斗第五星；丁巳，犯建星。是年八月甲辰朔，丁巳是十四日。疑這裏抄宋志，誤以義熙二年為天賜二年，又訛「丁巳」為「丁亥」。斗

Second year, eighth month, Mars transgressed Dipper; on dinghai it again transgressed Establishment — in Tianci second year, eighth month, the first day is gengxu; there is no dinghai. The Song Annals does not record this for that year, but the following year 〈Yixi year 2, which is Wei Tianci year 3〉 records that in the eighth month, on the day guihai, Mars transgressed the fifth star of Dipper; On the day dingsi it transgressed Establishment star. That year the eighth month began on jiachen; dingsi was the fourteenth day. This likely copied from the Song Annals, mistaking Yixi year 2 for Tianci year 2 and writing dingsi erroneously as dinghai. Dipper

八月辛丑熒惑犯執法按天賜四年八月戊辰朔，無辛丑。宋志在義熙三年〈魏天賜四年〉八月辛卯，乃二十四日。

Eighth month, day xinchou, Mars transgressed the Enforcement Officer — in Tianci fourth year, eighth month, the first day is wuchen; there is no xinchou. The Song Annals in Yixi year 3 〈Wei Tianci year 4〉 Eighth month, day xinmao — the twenty-fourth day.

是歲八月壬子太白犯軒轅大星按永興二年八月辛巳朔，無壬子。宋志在義熙六年〈魏永興二年〉八月壬午，是二日。此志「壬子」當是「壬午」之訛。

That year, in the eighth month, on the day renzi, Venus transgressed the great star of Chariot Shaft — in Yongxing second year, eighth month, the first day is xinsi; there is no renzi. The Song Annals in Yixi year 6 〈Wei Yongxing year 2〉 Eighth month, day renwu — the second day. In this treatise renzi should be the erroneous writing of renwu.

至泰常二年正月晉荊州刺史司馬休之雍州刺史魯宗之為劉裕所襲皆出奔走按劉裕攻司馬休之，休之出奔，據宋書卷二武帝紀二在義熙十一年〈魏神瑞二年〉，次年魏改年泰常。志二誤「神瑞」為「泰常」，這裏又承其誤。參志二校記[一]。

Through Taichang second year, first month: Jin Governor of Jing Province Sima Xiuzhi and Governor of Yong Province Lu Zongzhi were attacked by Liu Yu and both fled — Liu Yu attacked Sima Xiuzhi and Xiuzhi fled; according to Song shu juan 2, Gaozu Annals part 2, this was in Yixi year 11 〈Wei Shenrui year 2〉 ; the following year Wei changed the era name to Taichang. Treatise 2 mistakenly wrote Shenrui as Taichang; here the error is repeated. See Treatise 2 collation note [1].

十月又犯之在斗按志二在泰常三年十一月庚申，這裏「十」下當脫「一」字。

Tenth month it again transgressed it at Dipper — Treatise 2 places this in Taichang third year, eleventh month, day gengshen; here the character "one" is missing after "ten."

七月雁門河內大水按卷三太宗紀在泰常三年八月，疑這裏作「七月」誤。

Seventh month: great floods in Yanmen and Henei — juan 3 of the Taizong Annals places this in Taichang third year, eighth month; "seventh month" here is likely an error.

明年正月又犯鬼〈至〉而至秦夏出夷威諸本「正月」作「五月」，獨百衲本作「正月」。按宋志元嘉九年正月庚午，熒惑入輿鬼，此志之明年乃魏神䴥五年，亦即宋元嘉九年〈四三二〉，知百衲本獨是，今從之。又「而至秦夏出夷威」，語不可解。「而至」下疑有脫文。「威」當是「滅」之訛。「出」字非字訛即衍文。

In the first month of the following year it again transgressed Ghost 〈To〉 And yet reaching Qin and Xia, came forth Yi and Wei — in various editions "first month" is written "fifth month"; only the Patchwork Edition reads "first month." The Song Annals records Yuanjia ninth year, first month, day gengwu, Mars entered the Celestial Chariot and Ghost; "the following year" in this treatise is Wei Shengui year 5, which is likewise Song Yuanjia year 9 〈432〉 ; the Patchwork Edition alone is correct; adopted accordingly. Also, "And yet reaching Qin and Xia, came forth Yi and Wei" — the language is inexplicable. Text is suspected to be missing after "and yet reaching." Wei should be the erroneous writing of mie (destroy). The character chu is either a written error or a superfluous character.

十月丙辰月又掩之諸本無「月」字。按志二神䴥四年十月丙辰，月掩天關，宋志同。這裏「又」上脫「月」字，承上文，便似太白又掩之。今據補。

Tenth month, day bingchen, the moon again concealed it — various editions lack the character "moon." Treatise 2 records Shengui fourth year, tenth month, day bingchen, the moon concealed Heavenly Pass; the Song Annals agrees. Here the character "moon" is missing before "again"; continuing from above, it would seem Venus again concealed it. Supplemented accordingly.

詔大將軍嵇敬等帥眾二萬屯漠南諸本「嵇」訛「黎」，今據卷四上世祖紀上太延五年六月條、卷一０三蠕蠕傳〈補〉改正。

Edict ordering Grand General Ji Jing and others to lead twenty thousand troops to encamp south of the desert — in various editions Ji is written erroneously as Li; emended according to juan 4a Gaozu Annals part 1, Taiyuan fifth year, sixth month entry, and juan 103 Rouran biography 〈Supplemented〉 Corrected.

追至頓根河殿本考證云：「頓根河，本書蠕蠕傳作『頞根河』。」按「頓」字疑訛。

Pursued to Dundun River — the Palace Edition notes: "Dundun River: in this book's Rouran biography it is written Yegen River." Examining the matter: the character dun is suspected to be erroneous.

是月太白犯房月入南斗按志二「月入南斗」在太安四年八月。疑「月入南斗」上脫「八月」二字。

That month Venus transgressed Fang and the moon entered the Southern Dipper — Treatise 2 places "the moon entered the Southern Dipper" in Tai'an fourth year, eighth month. The two characters "eighth month" are likely missing before "the moon entered the Southern Dipper."

占曰小流星百數四面行者庶人遷之象按上文稱「流星數萬西行」，這裏「四」當是「西」之訛。

The prognostication reads: "Small meteors in the hundreds going in the four directions—an image of commoners relocating" — above it says "tens of thousands of meteors going west"; here si (four) should be the erroneous writing of xi (west).

二年三月熒惑入鬼按宋志在大明六年〈魏和平三年〉三月。此志下文說「是歲，詔諸將討雍州叛氐」，據卷五高宗紀，事在和平三年六月，則這裏「二年」當是「三年」之訛。但下又云「宋雍州刺史海陵王休茂亦稱兵作亂」，據宋書卷六孝武帝紀，事在大明五年〈魏和平二年〉，又不合。

Second year, third month, Mars entered Ghost — the Song Annals places this in Daming year 6 〈Wei Heping year 3〉 Third month. This treatise below says "That year an edict ordered the generals to suppress the rebel Di of Yong Province"; according to juan 5 of the Gaozong Annals the event was in Heping third year, sixth month—therefore "second year" here should be the erroneous writing of "third year." But below it also says "Song Governor of Yong Province, Prince of Hailing Xiu Mao, also raised troops in rebellion"; according to Song shu juan 6, Emperor Xiaowu Annals, the event was in Daming year 5 〈Wei Heping year 2〉 ; this also does not agree.

是月熒惑守軒轅按是月承上文乃和平三年〈四六二〉十月，據宋志「熒惑守軒轅」和下文「十一月，歲入氐」都在大明七年〈魏和平四年、四六三〉，此志提早一年。此條下注文和下五年條正文和注中記載的星變，見於宋志者，比對紀年，此志皆提前一年，必是雜抄宋志而於宋、魏紀年的必定有誤。今不逐條列舉。

That month Mars stationed at Chariot Shaft — "that month" continuing from above is Heping year 3 〈462〉 Tenth month; according to the Song Annals both "Mars stationed at Chariot Shaft" and below "eleventh month, Jupiter entered Di" are in Daming year 7 〈Wei Heping year 4, 463〉 ; this treatise is one year too early. The annotation to this entry, the main text of the entry five years below, and the stellar changes recorded in annotations—all those found in the Song Annals—when era names are compared, are one year too early in this treatise; this must be a haphazard copying from the Song Annals with errors in the Song and Wei chronologies. They are not listed entry by entry here.

顯祖天安元年正月戊子按天安元年正月己丑朔，無「戊子」。

Emperor Xianzu, Tian'an first year, first month, day wuzi — Tian'an first year, first month begins on jichou; there is no wuzi.

道符作亂之明年司空和其奴太宰李峻皆薨按卷六顯祖紀，拓跋道符起兵在皇興元年正月，和其奴及李峻死於皇興三年正月和十一月，卷四四和其奴傳同紀。這裏作「明年」誤。

The year after Daofu's rebellion the Minister of Works He Qinu and Grand Mentor Li Jun both passed away — juan 6 of the Xianzu Annals records that Tuoba Daofu raised troops in Huangxing first year, first month; He Qinu and Li Jun died in Huangxing year 3, first and eleventh months; juan 44, He Qinu biography agrees with the annals. Writing "the following year" here is an error.

丙子月犯東井庚子又如之按此承上文乃延興二年正月，志二在是年閏月，疑「丙子」上脫「閏月」二字。但是年閏六月，壬子朔，無「庚子」，志二亦誤。〈正月甲寅朔，亦無庚子。〉

On bingzi the moon transgressed Eastern Well; on gengzi it did so again — continuing from above this is Yanxing second year, first month; Treatise 2 places this in the intercalary month of that year; the two characters "intercalary month" are likely missing before bingzi. But that year had an intercalary sixth month beginning on renzi; there is no gengzi; Treatise 2 is also in error. 〈First month begins on jiayin; there is no gengzi either.〉

二年正月曲赦京師及秦涼諸鎮諸本「涼」作「梁」。按志二及卷七上高祖紀上作「涼州諸鎮」。「梁」字訛，今改正。

Second year, first month: partial amnesty for the capital and the garrisons of Qin and Liang — in various editions Liang (cool) is written Liang (beam). Treatise 2 and juan 7a of the Gaozu Annals part 1 read "the garrisons of Liang Province." The character for "Liang" was erroneous and has been corrected here.

四年九月己卯月犯畢志二「九月」作「正月」。按下稱「七月丙申」，不應「九月」在前，「九」當是「正」之訛。

Fourth year, ninth month, day jimao, the moon transgressed Net. Treatise 2 has "ninth month" written as "first month." The text below reads "seventh month, day bingshen," so "ninth month" should not appear earlier; "nine" must be a corruption of "first."

七月丙申太白犯歲星在角此承上文乃延興四年〈宋元徽二年四七四〉，據宋志在元徽三年〈魏延興五年〉，當是抄宋志誤前一年。

Seventh month, day bingshen, Venus transgressed Jupiter in Horn—this continues from above and refers to the fourth year of Yanxing. 〈Song Yuanhui year 2, 474 CE〉 , according to the Song Annals, this occurred in Yuanhui year 3 〈Wei Yanxing year 5〉 , this must be a copyist's error from copying the Song Annals one year too early.

丁卯太白又入氐此承上文乃延興四年七月。按是年七月庚午朔，無丁卯。宋志在元徽三年〈魏延興五年〉七月丁巳。是年七月甲午朔，丁巳是二十四日。這裏誤前一年，又「丁卯」乃「丁巳」之訛。

Day dingmao, Venus again entered Di—this continues from above and refers to the seventh month of Yanxing year 4. Examining that year, the seventh month began on day gengwu; there is no dingmao. The Song Annals records Yuanhui year 3 〈Wei Yanxing year 5〉 Seventh month, day dingsi. That year the seventh month began on day jiawu; dingsi is the twenty-fourth day. Here the year is one year too early, and "dingmao" is a corruption of "dingsi."

為主女之象按「主女」當是「女主」誤倒。

It is the image of a female ruler. The text's "ruling woman" should be "female ruler" with the characters reversed in error.

十二月丙戌月犯之諸本「十二月」作「十一月」。按志二太和三年十二月丙戌，月犯太微左執法。是年十一月己亥朔，無丙戌，十二月戊辰朔，丙戌是十九日。這裏「十一月」乃「十二月」之訛。今據改。

Twelfth month, day bingxu, the moon transgressed it. Various editions have "twelfth month" written as "eleventh month." Treatise 2 records that in Taihe third year, twelfth month, day bingxu, the moon transgressed the Left Enforcement Officer of the Supreme Palace Enclosure. That year the eleventh month began on day jihai, so there is no bingxu; the twelfth month began on day wuchen, and bingxu is the nineteenth day. Here "eleventh month" is a corruption of "twelfth month." The text has been corrected accordingly.

四年二月辛巳諸本「月」訛「年」，今據志二改。

Fourth year, second month, day xinsi. Various editions erroneously read "month" for "year"; the text is now corrected according to Treatise 2.

有偏日暈按志二太和五年二月甲辰條「日」作「白」，當是。

There was a partial solar halo. Treatise 2's Taihe fifth year, second month, day jiachen entry reads "sun" as "white," which is correct.

元陽以饉殿本考證云：「『元』應作『亢』。」

Primordial yang thereby famished. The Palace Edition textual verification notes: "'Yuan' should read 'Kang'."

是謂驚立絕行諸本「立」作「亡」。按這是說歲、辰、太白三星聚氐。志四武定八年三月甲午，歲、鎮、太白在虛，云「是為驚立絕行」。隋書卷二０天文志中云：「三星若合，是謂驚立絕行。」知這裏「亡」字訛，今改正。

This is called startled establishment and severed course. Various editions have "establish" written as "perish." This refers to Jupiter, Mercury, and Venus—the three stars gathering at Di. Treatise 4 records that in Wuding eighth year, third month, day jiawu, Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus were at Empty, stating "this is startled establishment and severed course." The Sui shu, juan 20, Treatise on Astronomy, part 2, says: "When three stars conjoin, this is called startled establishment and severed course." From this it is known that "perish" here is a corruption; the text has been corrected.

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