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__FORCETOC__禮樂志第十唐書二十翰林學士兼龍圖閣學士朝散大夫給事中知制誥充史館脩撰臣歐陽脩奉敕撰五曰凶禮。
__FORCETOC__Treatise on Rites and Music 10 Book of Tang, Volume 20 — compiled by imperial order of Ouyang Xiu, Hanlin Academician and Academician of the Dragon Diagram Hall, Grand Master for Palace Audience, Attendant Gentleman with Authority to Draft Imperial Rescripts, and Compiler at the Historical Archive. Fifth: Inauspicious Rites.
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周禮五禮，二曰凶禮。 唐初，徙其次第五，而李義府、許敬宗以為凶事非臣子所宜言，遂去其國卹一篇，由是天子凶禮闕焉。 至國有大故，則皆臨時采掇附比以從事，事已，則諱而不傳，故後世無考焉。 至開元制禮，惟著天子賑卹水旱、遣使問疾、弔死、舉哀、除服、臨喪、冊贈之類，若五服與諸臣之喪葬、衰麻、哭泣，則頗詳焉。
The Rites of Zhou list five ritual categories; the second is inauspicious rites. Early Tang moved it to fifth place. Li Yifu and Xu Jingzong argued that subjects should not discuss inauspicious matters, removed the chapter on national mourning, and left the emperor's mourning rites undocumented. When catastrophe struck, officials improvised from scattered precedents; once the crisis passed, the records were suppressed, so later ages cannot reconstruct them. The Kaiyuan code recorded imperial relief for disasters, illness envoys, condolence visits, court mourning, removing mourning dress, attending funerals, and posthumous enfeoffment. The five mourning grades and officials' burial, hemp dress, and weeping were treated in detail.
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凡四方之水、旱、蝗，天子遣使者持節至其州，位于庭，使者南面，持節在其東南，長官北面，寮佐、正長、老人在其後，再拜，以授制書。
For regional flood, drought, or locust plague, the emperor sent a credentialed envoy to the province. In the courtyard the envoy faced south, credentials to his southeast; the prefect faced north with staff and elders behind; all bowed twice and received the edict.
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其問疾亦如之，其主人迎使者於門外，使者東面，主人西面，再拜而入。 其問婦人之疾，則受勞問者北面。
Illness inquiries followed the same form: the host met the envoy outside the gate; envoy east, host west; they bowed twice and entered. For a woman's illness, the person receiving the envoy faced north.
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若舉哀之日，為位於別殿，文武三品以上入哭于庭，四品以下哭于門外。 有司版奏「中嚴」、「外辦」。 皇帝已變服而哭，然後百官內外在位者皆哭，十五舉音，哭止而奉慰。 其除服如之。 皇帝服：一品錫衰，三品以上緦衰，四品以下疑衰。 服期者，三朝晡止； 大功，朝晡止； 小功以下，一哀止。 晡，百官不集。 若為蕃國君長之喪，則設次于城外，向其國而哭，五舉音止。
On a court mourning day, seats were arranged in a side hall. Officials of third rank and above wept in the courtyard; fourth rank and below, outside the gate. Officers announced by plaque: "Inner vigilance" and "Outer readiness." The emperor changed into mourning dress and wept first; then all present officials wept fifteen cries, stopped, and offered consolation. Removing mourning dress followed the same procedure. The emperor wore tin mourning for first rank, finest hemp for third rank and above, and doubtful hemp for fourth rank and below. For fixed-term mourning, sessions at morning and dusk only; greater hemp mourning, morning and dusk only; lesser hemp and below, a single cry and stop. At dusk, officials did not gather. For a foreign ruler's death, a tent was pitched outside the walls and the court wept toward his realm, five cries and stop.
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若臨喪，則設大次於其門西，設素裀榻於堂上。 皇帝小駕、鹵簿，乘四望車，警蹕，鼓吹備而不作。 皇帝至大次，易素服，從官皆易服，侍臣則不。 皇帝出次，喪主人免絰、釋杖、哭門外，望見乘輿，止哭而再拜，先入門右，西向。 皇帝至堂，升自阼階，即哭位。 巫、祝各一人先升，巫執桃立于東南，祝執茢立于西南，戈者四人先後隨升。 喪主人入廷再拜，敕引乃升，立戶內之東，西向。 皇帝出，喪主人門外拜送。 皇帝變服于次，乃還廬。 文、武常服。 皇帝升車，鼓吹不作而入。
For attending a funeral, a great tent west of the gate and a plain rush couch in the hall were prepared. The emperor used the light escort and full guard, riding the four-canopy carriage; the route was cleared and musicians stood by but did not play. At the great tent the emperor donned plain dress; attendants changed likewise, but personal attendants did not. Leaving the tent, the host removed headband and staff and wept at the gate; seeing the carriage, he ceased weeping, bowed twice, entered on the right, and faced west. The emperor entered the hall by the eastern steps and took the mourning seat. A shaman and invoker went up first: the shaman with peach wood southeast, the invoker with wormwood southwest; four halberd bearers followed. The host bowed twice in the court, then ascended only at imperial command, standing east inside the door, facing west. As the emperor left, the host bowed in farewell outside the gate. The emperor changed dress in the tent, then returned to the mourning shed. Civil and military officials wore regular dress. The emperor mounted; no music played on departure.
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其以敕使冊贈，則受冊于朝堂，載以犢車，備鹵簿，至第。 妃主以內侍為使，贈者以蠟印畫綬。 冊贈必因其啟葬，既葬則受於靈寢，既除則受於廟。 主人公服而不哭，或單衣而介幘。 受必有祭； 未廟，受之寢。
For edict-bestowed posthumous titles, the patent was received at court, carried on a calf cart with full guard to the deceased's home. Consorts and princesses used inner attendants as envoys; gifts bore wax seals and painted cords. Patents were timed to the opening of burial; if burial was done, reception was at the spirit chamber; after mourning ended, at the temple. The host wore plain mourning without weeping, or a single robe with kerchief cap. Receiving the patent required an offering; if no ancestral temple yet, reception was in the private chamber.
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五服之制。
Regulations for the five mourning grades.
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斬衰三年。 正服：子為父，女子子在室與已嫁而反室為父。 加服：嫡孫為後者為祖，父為長子。 義服：為人後者為所後父，妻為夫，妾為君，國官為君。 王公以下三月而葬，葬而虞，三虞而卒哭。 十三月小祥，二十五月大祥，二十七月禫祭。
Severest hemp mourning: three years. Regular mourning: son for father; unmarried daughter, or married daughter returned home, for father. Added mourning: heir-apparent grandson for grandfather; father for eldest son. Obligatory mourning: adoptee for adoptive father; wife for husband; concubine for lord; state official for sovereign. From princes down, burial at three months; yu rites at burial; three yu, then end of weeping. Lesser felicity at thirteen months; greater at twenty-five; unhemmed sacrifice at twenty-seven.
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齊衰三年。 正服：子，父在為母。 加服：為祖後者，祖卒則為祖母，母為長子。 義服：為繼母、慈母，繼母為長子，妾為君之長子。
Equal hemp mourning: three years. Regular mourning: son, while father lives, for mother. Added mourning: heir for grandmother after grandfather's death; mother for eldest son. Obligatory mourning: stepmother or nurturing mother; stepmother for eldest son; concubine for lord's eldest son.
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齊衰杖周。 降服：父卒，母嫁及出妻之子為母，報，服亦如之。 正服：為祖後者，祖在為祖母。 義服：父卒，繼母嫁，從，為之服報； 夫為妻。
Equal hemp with mourning staff: one year. Reduced mourning: after father's death, son of remarried or divorced mother for mother, with reciprocal mourning of the same grade. Regular mourning: heir for grandmother while grandfather lives. Obligatory mourning: after father's death, if stepmother remarries and one follows her, reciprocal mourning; husband for wife.
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齊衰不杖周。 正服：為祖父母，為伯叔父，為兄弟，為眾子，為兄弟之子及女子子在室與適人者，為嫡孫，為姑、姊妹與無夫子，報，女子子與適人為祖父母，妾為其子。 加服：女子子適人者為兄弟之為父後者。 降服：妾為其父母，為人後者為其父母，報，女子子適人者為其父母。 義服：為伯叔母，為繼父同居者，妾為嫡妻，妾為君之庶子，婦為舅、姑，為夫之兄弟之子，舅、姑為嫡婦。
Equal hemp without staff: one year. Regular mourning: grandparents, paternal uncles, brothers, younger sons, brothers' children (unmarried or married daughters), eldest grandson, aunts and sisters and childless wives (with reciprocal mourning), daughters for grandparents, concubine for son. Added mourning: married daughter for brother who is father's heir. Reduced mourning: concubine for parents; adoptee for birth parents (reciprocal); married daughter for parents. Obligatory mourning: paternal aunts-in-law; stepfather cohabiting; concubine for principal wife or lord's younger sons; daughter-in-law for in-laws; husband's brother's son; in-laws for principal daughter-in-law.
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齊衰五月。 正服：為曾祖父母，女子子在室及嫁者亦如之。
Equal hemp mourning: five months. Regular mourning: great-grandparents; unmarried and married daughters alike.
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齊衰三月。 正服：為高祖父母，女子子在室及嫁者亦如之。 義服：為繼父不同居者。
Equal hemp mourning: three months. Regular mourning: great-great-grandparents; unmarried and married daughters alike. Obligatory mourning: stepfather not cohabiting.
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其父卒母嫁，出妻之子為母，及為祖後，祖在為祖母，雖周除，仍心喪三年。
Sons of remarried or divorced mothers, and heirs mourning grandmothers while grandfather lives, ended the one-year term outwardly but kept three years of heart mourning.
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大功，長殤九月，中殤七月。 正服：為子、女子子之長殤、中殤，為叔父之長殤、中殤，為姑、姊妹之長殤、中殤，為兄弟之長殤、中殤，為嫡孫之長殤、中殤，為兄弟之子、女子之長殤、中殤。 義服：為夫之兄弟之子、女子子之長殤、中殤。 成人九月正服：為從兄弟，為庶孫。 降服：為女子子適人者，為姑、姊妹適人者報； 出母為女子子適人者，為兄弟之女適人者報； 為人後者為其兄弟與姑、姊妹在室者報。 義服：為夫之祖父母與伯叔父母報，為夫之兄弟女適人者報； 夫為人後者，其妻為本生舅、姑，為眾子之婦。
Greater hemp: long early death, nine months; middle early death, seven months. Regular mourning: children's, paternal uncle's, aunt's or sister's, brother's, eldest grandson's, or brother's child's long or middle early death. Obligatory mourning: husband's brother's child's long or middle early death. Adults, nine months regular mourning: second cousins; younger grandsons. Reduced mourning: married daughter; married aunt or sister (reciprocal); divorced mother for married daughter; brother's married daughter (reciprocal); adoptee for brothers and unmarried aunts and sisters (reciprocal). Obligatory mourning: husband's grandparents and paternal uncles and aunts (reciprocal); husband's brother's married daughter (reciprocal); if the husband is adopted, his wife mourns her birth mother's kin and the wives of younger sons.
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小功五月殤。 正服：為子、女子子之下殤，為叔父之下殤，為姑、姊妹之下殤，為兄弟之下殤，為嫡孫之下殤，為兄弟之子、女子子之下殤，為從兄弟姊妹之長殤，為庶孫之長殤。 降服：為人後者為其兄弟之長殤，出嫁姑為姪之長殤，為人後者為其姑、姊妹之長殤。 義服：為夫之兄弟之子、女子子之下殤，為夫之叔父之長殤。 成人正服：為從祖祖父報，為從祖父報，為從祖姑、姊妹在室者報，為從祖兄弟報，為從祖祖姑在室者報，為外祖父母，為舅及從母報。 降服：為從父姊妹適人者報，為孫女適人者，為人後者為其姑、姊妹適人者報。 義服：為從祖祖母報，為從祖母報，為夫之姑、姊妹在室及適人者報，娣姒婦報，為同母異父兄弟姊妹報，為嫡母之父母兄弟從母，為庶母慈己者，為嫡孫之婦，母出為繼母之父母兄弟從母，嫂叔報。
Lesser hemp: five-month early death mourning. Regular mourning: children's, uncle's, aunt's or sister's, brother's, eldest grandson's, brother's child's, second cousin's long, or younger grandson's long lesser early death. Reduced mourning: adoptee for brother's long early death; married aunt for nephew's long early death; adoptee for aunt's or sister's long early death. Obligatory mourning: husband's brother's child's lesser early death; husband's paternal uncle's long early death. Adult regular mourning: father's second cousin, father's cousin, their unmarried aunts or sisters, second-cousin brothers, father's second cousin's aunt at home (all reciprocal); maternal grandparents; maternal uncle and aunt (reciprocal). Reduced mourning: father's married sister (reciprocal); married granddaughter; adoptee for married aunt or sister (reciprocal). Obligatory mourning: father's second cousin's or cousin's wife (reciprocal); husband's aunts and sisters at home or married (reciprocal); sisters-in-law; maternal half-siblings (reciprocal); principal mother's kin; nurturing concubine; principal grandson's wife; stepmother's kin if mother left; sister-in-law and brother's wife (reciprocal).
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緦麻三月殤。 正服：為從父兄弟姊妹之中殤、下殤，為庶孫之中殤、下殤，為從祖叔父之長殤，為從祖兄弟之長殤，為舅及從母之長殤，為從父兄弟之子之長殤，為兄弟之孫長殤，為從祖姑、姊妹之長殤。 降服：為人後者為其兄弟之中殤、下殤，為姪之中殤、下殤，出嫁姑為之報，為人後者為其姑、姊妹之中殤、下殤。 義服：為人後者為從父兄弟之長殤，為夫之叔父之中殤、下殤，為夫之姑、姊妹之長殤。 成人正服：為族兄弟，為族曾祖父報，為族祖父報，為族父報，為外孫，為曾孫、玄孫，為從母兄弟姊妹，為姑之子，為舅之子，為族曾祖姑在室者報，為族祖姑在室者報，為族姑在室者報。 降服：為從祖姑、姊妹適人者報，女子子適人者為從祖父報，庶子為父後者為其母，為從祖姑適人者報，為人後者為外祖父母，為兄弟之孫女適人者報。 義服； 為族曾祖母報，為族祖母報，為族母報，為庶孫之婦，女子子適人者為從祖伯叔母，為庶母，為乳母，為壻，為妻之父母，為夫之曾祖高祖父母，為夫之從祖祖父母報，為夫之從祖父母報，為夫之外祖父母報，為從祖兄弟之子，為夫之從父兄弟之妻，為夫之從父姊妹在室及適人者，為夫之舅及從母報。 改葬：子為父母，妻妾為其夫，其冠服杖屨皆依儀禮。 皇家所絕傍親無服者，皇弟、皇子為之皆降一等。
Finest hemp: three-month early death mourning. Regular mourning: paternal uncle's middle or lesser early death; younger grandson's middle or lesser; father's cousin's or second cousin's long early death; maternal uncle's or aunt's long; father's brother's son's long; brother's grandson's long; father's cousin's aunt's or sister's long. Reduced mourning: adoptee for brother's middle or lesser early death; nephew's middle or lesser (married aunt reciprocal); adoptee for aunt's or sister's middle or lesser. Obligatory mourning: adoptee for father's brother's long early death; husband's paternal uncle's middle or lesser; husband's aunt's or sister's long early death. Adult regular mourning: clan brothers; clan great-great-grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather (reciprocal); maternal grandson; great-grandson and great-great-grandson; maternal cousins; aunt's son; maternal uncle's son; clan great-great-grandfather's, great-grandfather's, or grandfather's unmarried aunts (reciprocal). Reduced mourning: father's cousin's married aunt or sister (reciprocal); married daughter for father's cousin (reciprocal); younger son made heir for mother; father's cousin's married aunt (reciprocal); adoptee for maternal grandparents; brother's married granddaughter (reciprocal). Obligatory mourning; clan great-great-grandmother, great-grandmother, grandmother (reciprocal); younger grandson's wife; married daughter for father's paternal uncles' wives; birth mother; wet nurse; son-in-law; wife's parents; husband's great-great-grandfather and great-grandfather; husband's father's second cousin's or cousin's grandparents (reciprocal); husband's maternal grandparents (reciprocal); father's second cousin's son; husband's father's brother's wife; husband's father's sister at home or married; husband's maternal uncle and aunt (reciprocal). Reburial: son for parents, wife or concubine for husband—cap, dress, staff, and shoes followed the Ceremonies. Where the imperial house severed collateral ties, imperial younger brothers and sons reduced mourning one grade.
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初，太宗嘗以同爨緦而嫂叔乃無服，舅與從母親等而異服，詔侍中魏徵、禮部侍郎令狐德棻等議：「舅為母族，姨乃外戚它姓，舅固為重，而服止一時，姨喪乃五月，古人未達者也。 於是服曾祖父母齊衰三月者，增以齊衰五月； 適子婦大功，增以期； 眾子婦小功，增以大功； 嫂叔服以小功五月報； 其弟妻及夫兄亦以小功； 舅服緦，請與從母增以小功。」 然律疏舅報甥，服猶緦。 顯慶中，長孫无忌以為甥為舅服同從母，則舅宜進同從母報。 又古庶母緦，今無服，且庶母之子，昆弟也，為之杖齊，是同氣而吉凶異，自是亦改服緦。 上元元年，武后請「父在，服母三年」。 開元五年，右補闕盧履冰言：「禮，父在為母期，而服三年，非也，請如舊章。」 乃詔幷議舅及嫂叔服，久而不能決。 二十年，中書令蕭嵩等改脩五禮，於是父在為母齊衰三年。
Early on Taizong observed that kin eating from one pot wore finest hemp, yet brother's wife and younger brother's husband had no mourning; maternal uncle and aunt were equally close yet dressed differently. He ordered Wei Zheng, Linghu Defen, and others to debate: "The uncle is mother's clan; the aunt is outer kin of another surname—the uncle weighs heavier, yet mourning lasts one season while the aunt's is five months: the ancients missed this. Mourning for great-grandparents in three-month equal hemp was raised to five months; the principal son's wife, from greater hemp, was raised to fixed-term mourning; younger sons' wives, from lesser hemp, to greater hemp; brother's wife and younger brother's husband: lesser hemp five months, reciprocal; younger brother's wife and husband's elder brother likewise in lesser hemp; maternal uncle in finest hemp—petition to raise uncle and aunt together to lesser hemp." Yet the statutory commentary still had the uncle's reciprocal mourning for a nephew in finest hemp. Under Xianqing, Zhangsun Wuji argued that because a nephew mourned an uncle like a maternal aunt, the uncle's reciprocal mourning should match the aunt's grade. Anciently birth mothers received finest hemp; now none—and their sons were full brothers, yet wore equal hemp with staff: same kin, different grief. This too was changed to finest hemp. In Shangyuan 1, Empress Wu petitioned: "While the father lives, mourn the mother three years." In Kaiyuan 5, Right Remonstrator Lu Lübing said: "Rites prescribe a fixed term for mother while father lives; three-year dress is wrong—restore the old rule." The court then ordered joint debate on mourning for maternal uncles and for brother's wife and younger brother's husband, but no decision came for a long time. In year 20, Chief Minister Xiao Song and others revised the Five Rites, restoring three-year equal hemp for the mother while the father lived.
20
諸臣之喪。
Mourning rites for officials.
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有疾，齊於正寢，臥東首北墉下。 疾困，去衣，加新衣，徹樂，清掃內外。 四人坐而持手足，遺言則書之屬纊。 氣絕，寢於地。 男子白布衣，被髮徒跣； 婦人女子青縑衣，去首飾； 齊衰以下，丈夫素冠。 主人坐於牀東，啼踊無數。 眾主人在其後，兄弟之子以下又在其後，皆西面南上，哭。 妻坐於牀西，妾及女子在其後，哭踊無數。 兄弟之女以下又在其後，皆東面南上，籍藳坐哭。 內外之際，隔以行帷。 祖父以下為帷東北壁下，南面西上； 祖母以下為帷西北壁，南面東上。 外姻丈夫於戶外東，北面西上； 婦人於主婦西北，南面東上。 諸內喪，則尊行丈夫及外親丈夫席位於前堂，若戶外之左右，俱南面。 宗親戶東，西上； 外親戶西，東上。 凡喪，皆以服精粗為序，國官位於門內之東，重行北面西上，俱衺巾帕頭，舒薦坐； 參佐位於門內之西，重行北面東上，素服，皆舒席坐，哭。 斬衰，三日不食； 齊衰，二日不食； 大功，三不食； 小功、緦麻，再不食。
In illness, the sick lay in the main chamber, head east on the north wall. When critically ill, clothing was changed, music stopped, and the house swept clean inside and out. Four attendants held hands and feet; final words were written on the attachment cord. At death, the body was laid on the ground. Men wore white plain cloth, with hair loose and bare feet; women and girls wore green silk and removed jewelry; those in equal hemp or lighter grades wore plain caps. The host sat east of the bed, wailing and leaping repeatedly. Other hosts stood behind, then younger brothers' sons and below, all facing west, ranked south to north, weeping. The wife sat west of the bed; concubines and women behind her wailed and leaped repeatedly. Younger brothers' daughters and below faced east, ranked south to north, sitting on straw mats and weeping. Inner and outer mourners were divided by a traveling curtain. Grandfathers and below sat northeast under the curtain, facing south, ranked west to east; grandmothers and below northwest, facing south, ranked east to west. Male affines stood east of the outer door, facing north, ranked west to east; women northwest of the principal wife, facing south, ranked east to west. In inner mourning, senior men and male affines sat in the front hall or flanking the outer door, all facing south. Clan kin east of the door, ranked west to east; outer affines west of the door, ranked east to west. All mourners ranked by mourning grade. State officials sat inside the east gate, double file facing north west to east, slanted kerchiefs, on spread rush mats; aides inside the west gate, double file facing north east to west in plain dress on rush mats, weeping. Severest hemp: no food for three days; equal hemp: two days; greater hemp: skip three meals; lesser and finest hemp: skip two meals.
22
復於正寢。 復者三人，以死者之上服左荷之，升自前東霤，當屋履危，北面西上。 左執領，右執腰，招以左。 每招，長聲呼「某復」，三呼止，投衣於前，承以篋，升自阼階，入以覆尸。
Summoning the soul back in the main chamber. Three summoners carried the deceased's upper garment over the left shoulder, climbed the front east eaves to the ridge, and faced north, west to east. Left hand on the collar, right on the waist, beckoning with the left. Each beckon was a long cry of "So-and-so, return!" three times; then the garment was cast down, placed in a box, carried up the east steps, and laid over the corpse.
23
乃設床於室戶內之西，去脚，簟、枕，施幄，去裙。 遷尸於牀，南首，覆用斂衾，去死衣，楔齒以角柶，綴足以燕几，校在南。 其內外哭位如始死之儀。
A couch was set west inside the chamber door; footrest removed; mat, pillow, and curtains arranged; skirt removed. The corpse was moved south-facing; shrouded; death clothes removed; teeth wedged with a horn spoon; feet bound with a swallow-shaped support; staff placed south. Weeping positions inside and out matched those at first death.
24
乃奠以脯、醢，酒用吉器。 升自阼階，奠於尸東當腢。 內喪，則贊者皆受於戶外而設之。
Offerings of dried meat and relish were set out, wine in auspicious vessels. They ascended the east steps and set offerings east of the feet. In inner mourning, announcers received items outside the door and set them within.
25
沐浴。 掘埳於階閒，近西，南順，廣尺，長二尺，深三尺，南其壤，為垼竈於西牆下，東向，以俟煮沐。 新盆、瓶、六鬲皆濯之，陳於西階下。 沐巾一，浴巾二，用絺若𥿭，實於笲，櫛實於箱若簟，浴衣實於篋，皆具於西序下，南上。 水淅稷米，取汁煮之，又汲為湯以俟浴。 以盆盛潘及沐盤，升自西階，授沐者，沐者執潘及盤入。 主人皆出於戶東，北面西上； 主婦以下戶西，北面東上。 俱立哭。 其尊行者，丈夫於主人之東，北面西上； 婦人於主婦之西，北面東上。 俱坐哭。 婦人以帳。 乃沐櫛，束髮用組，挋用巾。 浴則四人抗衾，二人浴，拭用巾，挋用浴衣。 設牀於尸東，衽下莞上簟。 浴者舉尸，易牀，設枕，翦鬢斷爪如生，盛以小囊，大斂內於棺中。 楔齒之柶、浴巾，皆埋於埳，寘之。 衣以明衣裳，以方巾覆面，仍以大斂之衾覆之。 內外入就位，哭。
Bathing the corpse. A pit was dug between the steps near the west, running south, one foot wide, two long, three deep; earth piled south; a brick stove under the west wall faced east to heat bath water. New basin, bottle, and six tripods were washed and set below the west steps. One bathing towel and two drying towels of fine or coarse cloth in a basket; comb in a box; bath robe in a chest—all west of the sequence, ranked south to north. Water was strained through millet and boiled; more was drawn as hot water for the bath. Basin and tray of rinse water were brought up the west steps to the bather, who entered with them. The host stood east of the door, facing north, ranked west to east; the principal wife and women west of the door, facing north, ranked east to west. All stood and wept. Senior men stood east of the host, facing north, west to east; women west of the principal wife, facing north, east to west. All sat and wept. Women screened the body with a canopy. Hair was combed and bound, dried with a towel, and rubbed with the bath robe. Four men held the quilt while two bathed the body, wiped it, and dressed it in the bath robe. A couch was set east of the corpse with rush mat below and fine mat above. The corpse was lifted to the new couch, pillow set, temples trimmed and nails cut as in life, and clippings placed in a small bag for the great shrouding. The tooth spoon and bathing towels were buried in the pit and filled in. Bright inner and outer garments were put on, the face covered with a square kerchief, then the great shroud. Mourners took their places inside and out and wept.
26
乃襲。 襲衣三稱，西領南上，明衣裳，舄一； 帛巾一，方尺八寸； 充耳，白纊； 面衣，玄方尺，纁裏，組繫； 握手，玄纁裏，長尺二寸，廣五寸，削約於內旁寸，著以綿組繫。 庶襚繼陳，不用。 將襲，具牀席於西階西，內外皆出哭，如浴。 襲者以牀升，入設於尸東，布枕席，陳襲於席。 祝去巾，加面衣，設充耳、握手，納舄若履。 既襲，覆以大斂之衾，內外入哭。
Then the investiture dressing. Three suits with west collar ranked south to north, bright garments, and one pair of shoes; one silk kerchief measuring one foot eight inches square; ear plugs of white silk wadding; face cloth, black one foot square with red lining, tied with cord; hand object of black and red lining, one foot two by five inches, tapered at the sides, bound with silk cord. Commoners' supplementary gifts were displayed but not used. Before investiture, couch and mat were set west of the west steps; all mourners withdrew and wept as at bathing. Dressers brought the couch in, set it east of the corpse, spread pillow and mat, and laid out the investiture garments. The invoker removed the kerchief, added face cloth, ear plugs, and hand object, and put on shoes. After investiture, the great shroud was laid on; mourners re-entered and wept.
27
乃唅。 贊者奉盤水及笲，一品至于三品，飯用粱，唅用璧； 四品至于五品，飯用稷； 唅用碧； 六品至于九品，飯用粱，唅用貝。 升堂，唅者盥手於戶外，洗粱、璧實於笲，執以入，祝從入，北面，徹枕，去衾，受笲，奠於尸東。 唅者坐於牀東，西面，鑿巾，納飯、唅於尸口。 既唅，主人復位。
Then came the mouth-pearl rite. An announcer brought water and a basket. Ranks one to three used millet for filling and jade disks for the mouth; ranks four to five used millet; green jade for the mouth; ranks six to nine used millet and shells. Ascending the hall, the filler washed outside, prepared millet and disks in the basket, and entered with the invoker, who faced north, removed pillow and quilt, received the basket, and set it east of the corpse. The filler sat east of the couch facing west, opened the kerchief, and placed grain and pearls in the mouth. After the mouth rite, the host returned to station.
28
乃為明旌，以絳廣充幅，一品至于三品，長九尺，韜杠，銘曰「某官封之柩」，置於西階上； 四品至于五品，長八尺； 六品至于九品，長六尺。
A bright banner of crimson cloth was made: ranks one to three, nine feet, wrapped on the pole, inscribed "Coffin of such-and-such office," and set on the west steps; ranks four to five, eight feet; ranks six to nine, six feet.
29
鑿木為重，一品至于三品，長八尺，橫者半之，三分庭一在南； 四品至于五品，長七尺； 六品至于九品，長六尺。 以沐之米為粥，實於鬲，蓋以疏布，繫以竹蔤，縣於重木。 覆用葦席，北面，屈兩端交後，西端在上，綴以竹蔤。 祝取銘置於重，殯堂前楹下，夾以葦席。
A wooden spirit frame was carved: ranks one to three, eight feet with crosspiece half as long, set one-third into the south courtyard; ranks four to five, seven feet; ranks six to nine, six feet. Bathing millet was made into gruel in a tripod, covered with open cloth, tied with bamboo, and hung on the frame. A rush mat covered it, north-facing, ends crossed behind with the west end above, tied with bamboo. The invoker set the inscription on the frame under the hall pillars, flanked by rush mats.
30
小斂衣一十九稱，朝服一，笏一，陳於東序，西領北上。
Small shrouding: nineteen suits, one court dress, one tablet, arrayed in the east sequence, west collar ranked north to south.
31
設奠於東堂下，甒二，實以醴、酒，觶二，角柶一，少牢、腊三，籩、豆俎各八。 設盆盥於饌東，布巾。 贊者辟脯醢之，奠於尸牀西南。
Offerings below the east hall: two jars of ale and wine, two goblets, one horn spoon, three trays of livestock and cured meat, eight baskets, dishes, and trays each. Basin and washstand east of the food, with a cloth towel. An announcer arranged dried meat and relish southwest of the corpse couch.
32
乃斂。 具牀席於堂西，設盆盥西階之西，如東方。 斂者盥，與執服者以斂衣入，喪者東西皆少退，內外哭。 已斂，覆以夷衾，設牀於堂上兩楹間，衽下莞上簟，有枕。 卒斂，開帷，主人以下西面憑哭，主婦以下東面憑哭，退。
Then shrouding. Couch and mat were prepared west of the hall; basin and washstand west of the west steps, mirroring the east. Shrouders washed, entered with garments; mourners east and west stepped back; all wept. After shrouding, a plain quilt covered the body; a couch between the hall pillars had rush below, fine mat and pillow above. When shrouding ended, curtains opened; the host and men leaned westward and wept, the wife and women eastward, then withdrew.
33
乃斂髮而奠。 贊者盥手奉饌至階，升，設於尸東，醴、酒奠於饌南，西上，其俎，祝受巾巾之。 奠者徹襲，奠，自西階降出。 下帷，內外俱坐哭。 有國官、僚佐者，以官代哭； 無者，以親疏為之。 夜則為燎於庭，厥明滅燎。
Then hair was bound and offerings set. An announcer washed, brought food up the steps, set it east of the corpse with ale and wine south of it; the invoker covered the trays with a towel. The setter removed investiture garments, set the offering, and left by the west steps. Curtains were lowered; all sat and wept. If state officials and aides were present, they took turns weeping at post; otherwise kin by degree of relationship took turns. Torches were lit in the courtyard at night and extinguished at dawn.
34
乃大斂。 衣三十稱，上服一稱，冕具簪、導、纓，內喪則有花釵，衾一，西領南上。
Then came the great shrouding. Thirty suits, one upper suit with crown, pin, guide, and tassel; inner mourning added flower hairpins; one quilt, west collar ranked south to north.
35
設奠如小斂，甒加勺，篚在東南，籩、豆、俎皆有冪，用功布。
Offerings matched small shrouding; jars with ladles; baskets southeast; all baskets, dishes, and trays covered in work cloth.
36
棺入，內外皆止哭，升棺於殯所，乃哭。 熬八篚，黍、稷、粱、稻各二，皆加魚、腊。 燭俟於饌東，設盆盥於東階東南。 祝盥訖，升自阼階，徹巾，執巾者以待於阼階下。 祝盥、贊者徹小斂之饌，降自西階，設於序西南，當西霤，如設於堂上。 乃適於東階下新饌所，帷堂內外皆少退，立哭。 御者斂，加冠若花釵，覆以衾。 開帷，喪者東西憑哭如小斂，諸親憑哭。 斂者四人舉牀，男女從，奉尸斂於棺，乃加蓋，覆以夷衾，內外皆復位如初。 設熬穀，首足各一篚，傍各三篚，以木覆棺上，乃塗之，設帟於殯上，祝取銘置于殯。
When the coffin arrived, weeping ceased; it was raised to the encoffining hall, then weeping resumed. Eight grain baskets—two each of millet, panic millet, fine millet, and rice—with fish and cured meat added. Candles stood east of the food; basin and washstand southeast of the east steps. The invoker washed, ascended the east steps, and removed the kerchief; the holder waited below. The invoker washed; announcers removed small-shrouding food down the west steps to the southwest of the west eaves, as in the hall. They moved to the new food below the east steps; curtains drawn, mourners stepped back and stood weeping. Attendants shrouded the body, added crown or hairpins, and covered it with the quilt. Curtains opened; mourners leaned and wept east and west as at small shrouding. Four bearers lifted the couch; kin followed and placed the corpse in the coffin, added the lid, covered it, and mourners returned to station. Grain baskets were set at head and foot and three on each side; wood was laid over the coffin and plastered; a canopy covered the bier; the invoker set the inscription upon it.
37
乃奠。 執巾、几席者升自阼階，入設於室之西南隅，東面。 又几、巾已加，贊者以饌升，入室，西面，設於席前。 祝加巾於俎，奠者降自西階以出。 下帷，內外皆就位哭。
Then offerings. Bearers of kerchief, couch, and mat entered by the east steps and set them in the southwest corner facing east. When couch and kerchief were in place, announcers brought food in facing west before the mat. The invoker covered the tray with a kerchief; the setter left by the west steps. Curtains lowered; mourners took their stations and wept.
38
既殯，設靈座於下室西閒，東向，施牀、几、桉、屏、帳、服飾，以時上膳羞及湯沐如平生。 殷奠之日，不饋於下室。
After encoffining, a spirit seat faced east in the west chamber of the lower hall, furnished as in life; meals and hot water were offered on schedule. On generous-offering days, no food was served in the lower chamber.
39
廬在殯堂東廊下，近南，設苫凷。 齊衰於其南，為堊室，俱北戶，翦蒲為席，不緣； 大功又於其南，張帷，席以蒲； 小功、緦麻又於其南，設牀，席以蒲。 婦人次於西房。
The mourning hut stood in the east corridor of the encoffining hall near the south, floored with rush and earth. Equal hemp mourners south of that in a whitewashed chamber, both doors north-facing, square-cut rush mats without edging; greater hemp further south under hung curtains on rush mats; lesser and finest hemp further south on couches with rush mats. Women mourned next in the west chamber.
40
三日成服，內外皆哭，盡哀。 乃降就次，服其服，無服者仍素服。 相者引主人以下俱杖升，立於殯，內外皆哭。 諸子孫跪哭尊者之前，祖父撫之，女子子對立而哭，唯諸父不撫。 尊者出，主人以下降立阼階。
On the third day mourning dress was completed; all wept to exhaustion. They then moved to the huts in proper dress; those without mourning dress remained in plain cloth. A director led the host and others, staffs in hand, to the bier; all wept. Sons and grandsons knelt before elders to weep; grandfathers stroked them; daughters faced one another—paternal uncles did not stroke. When elders left, the host and others descended to the east steps.
41
朔望殷奠，饌於東堂下，瓦甒二，實醴及酒，角觶二，木柶一，少牢及腊三俎，二簋、二簠、二鈃，六籩、六豆。 其日，不饋於下室。
On new and full moons, offerings below the east hall included two jars of ale and wine, horn goblets, a wooden spoon, livestock and cured meat, grain baskets, bells, baskets, and dishes. On those days, no food was served in the lower chamber.
42
葬有期，前一日之夕，除葦障，設賓次於大門外之右，南向。 啟殯之日，主人及諸子皆去冠，以衺巾帕頭，就位哭。 祝衰服執功布，升自東階，詣殯南，北向，內外止哭，三聲噫嘻，乃曰：「謹以吉辰啟殯。」 既告，內外哭。 祝取銘置於重。 掌事者升，徹殯塗，設席於柩東，升柩於席。 又設席柩東，祝以功布升，拂柩，覆用夷衾，周設帷，開戶東向。 主人以下升，哭於帷東，西向，俱南上。 諸祖父以下哭於帷東北壁下，諸祖母以下哭於帷西北壁下； 外姻丈夫帷東上，婦人帷西。 祝與進饌者各以奠升，設於柩東席上，祝酌醴奠之。
On the eve of burial, rush screens were removed and guest tents pitched south-facing outside the great gate to the right. On the day the bier was opened, host and sons removed caps for slanted kerchiefs and took up weeping stations. The invoker in mourning dress ascended the east steps north of the bier and announced: "On this auspicious day we respectfully open the bier. After the announcement, all wept. The invoker set the inscription on the spirit frame. Stewards removed the plaster, set a mat east of the coffin, and raised the coffin onto it. Another mat was set east of the coffin; the invoker dusted it, covered it, hung curtains, and opened the door eastward. The host and others ascended and wept west of the curtains, ranked south to north. Grandfathers wept northeast of the curtains; grandmothers northwest; male affines east above the curtains; women west. Invokers and food bearers set offerings on the mat east of the coffin; the invoker poured ale.
43
陳器用。 啟之夕，發引前五刻，搥一鼓為一嚴，陳布吉、凶儀仗，方相、誌石、大棺車及明器以下，陳於柩車之前。 一品引四、披六、鐸左右各八、黼翣二、黻翣二、畫翣二，二品三品引二、披四、鐸左右各六、黼翣二、畫翣二，四品五品引二、披二、鐸左右各四、黼翣二、畫翣二，六品至于九品披二、鐸二、畫翣二。
Funerary implements were arrayed. On opening night, five watches before departure, the first vigil drum sounded; auspicious and inauspicious guards, exorcist, epitaph, great coffin cart, and spirit goods were arrayed before the coffin cart. First rank: four pullers, six pallbearers, eight bells per side, brocade, embroidered, and painted feather fans; second and third ranks reduced accordingly; fourth and fifth further reduced; sixth through ninth: two pallbearers, two bells, two painted fans.
44
二刻頃，搥二鼓為二嚴，掌饌者徹啟奠以出，內外俱立哭。 執紼者皆入，掌事者徹帷，持翣者升，以翣障柩。 執紼者升，執鐸者夾西階立，執纛者入，當西階南，北面立。 掌事者取重出，倚於門外之東。 執旌者立於纛南，北面。 搥三鼓為三嚴，靈車進於內門外，南向，祝以腰輿詣靈座前，西向跪告。 腰輿降自西階，以詣靈車。 腰輿退。
After about two quarters, the second vigil drum sounded; stewards removed opening offerings; all stood weeping. Cord holders entered; stewards removed curtains; fan bearers screened the coffin. Cord holders ascended; bell men flanked the west steps; banner men stood south of them facing north. Stewards carried the spirit frame out and set it east of the outer gate. Banner bearers stood south of the great banner, facing north. At the third vigil drum, the spirit cart waited inside the inner gate facing south; the invoker knelt west before the spirit seat to announce. The litter came down the west steps to the spirit cart. The litter withdrew.
45
執鐸者振鐸，降就階間，南向。 持翣者障以翣。 執纛者却行而引，輴止則北面立； 執旌者亦漸而南，輴止，北面。 主人以下以次從。
Bell men sounded the bells and descended between the steps facing south. Fan bearers screened the coffin with fans. Banner men walked backward leading; when the bier halted they faced north; banner bearers moved south gradually; when the bier halted, they faced north. The host and others followed in order.
46
輴在庭。 輴至庭，主人及諸子以下立哭於輴東北，西向南上； 祖父以下立哭於輴東北，南向西上； 異姓之丈夫立哭於主人東南，西面北上。 婦人以次從降，妻、妾、女子子以下立哭於輴西，東面南上； 祖母以下立哭於輴西北，南向東上； 異姓之婦人立哭於主婦西南，東面北上。 內外之際，障以行帷。 國官立哭於執紼者東，北面西上； 僚佐立哭於執紼者西南，北面東上。 祝帥執饌者設祖奠於輴東，如大斂。 祝酌奠，進饌，北面跪曰：「永遷之禮，靈辰不留，謹奉旋車，式遵祖道，尚饗。」
The bier rested in the courtyard. In the courtyard the host and sons wept northeast of the bier, facing west, ranked south to north; grandfathers northeast, facing south, ranked west to east; unrelated men southeast of the host, facing west, ranked north to south. Women followed: wife, concubines, and daughters west of the bier facing east, south to north; grandmothers northwest, facing south, east to west; unrelated women southwest of the principal wife, facing east, north to south. Inner and outer mourners were divided by a traveling curtain. State officials wept east of the cord holders, facing north, west to east; aides southwest of them, facing north, east to west. The invoker led food bearers to set the ancestor offering east of the bier, as at great shrouding. The invoker poured the offering and said kneeling north: "On this eternal journey the spirit tarries no more—we turn the carriage on the ancestors' road. Please partake. End of the invocation.
47
輴出，升車，執披者執前後披，紼者引輴出，旌先，纛次，主人以下從哭於輴後。 輴出，到輀車，執紼者解屬於輀車，設帷障於輴後，遂升柩。 祝與執饌者設遣奠於柩東，如祖奠。
The bier went out and was mounted; pallbearers held the pall front and rear; cord men led it out, banner first, then great banner; the host and kin followed weeping behind. At the hearse, cords were tied on, a screen set behind the bier, and the coffin was raised aboard. The invoker set the parting offering east of the coffin as at the ancestor offering.
48
既奠，掌事者以蒲葦苞牲體下節五，以繩束之，盛以盤，載於輿前。 方相、大棺車、輴車，明器輿、下帳輿、米輿、酒脯醢輿、苞牲輿、食輿為六輿，銘旌、纛、鐸、輀車以次行。
Stewards wrapped sacrificial joints in rush, bound them, placed them in a tray, and loaded them before the cart. Six carts followed in order: exorcist, great coffin, bier, spirit goods, canopy, grain, wine and provisions, wrapped sacrifice, and food carts—then bright banner, great banner, bells, and hearse.
49
賓有贈者，既祖奠，賓立於大門外西廂，東面，從者以篚奉玄纁立於西南，以馬陳於賓東南，北首西上。 相者入，受命出，西面曰：「敢請事。」 賓曰：「某敢賵。」 相者入告，出曰：「孤某須矣。」 執篚者奠，取幣以授賓。 牽馬者先入，陳於輴車南，北首西上。 賓入，由馬西當輴車南，北面立，內外止哭。 賓曰：「某謚封若某位，將歸幽宅，敢致賵。」 乃哭，內外皆哭。 主人拜稽顙。 賓進輴東，西面，奠幣於車上，西出，主人拜稽顙送之。
Gift-bearing guests stood in the west wing outside the gate facing east; attendants with black-and-red silk stood southwest; horses were arrayed southeast of the guest, heads north, west to east. The director entered, received orders, and came out facing west: "I dare request instructions. The guest said: "I present funeral gifts." The director reported within and returned: "The orphan awaits." The basket holder set the gift and handed the silk to the guest. Horse leaders entered first and arrayed the horses south of the bier cart, heads north, west to east. The guest entered west of the horses, south of the bier cart, faced north; weeping ceased. The guest said: "I, bearing such posthumous title and rank, return to the tomb—I present these gifts. Then he wept; all wept. The host bowed to the ground. The guest advanced west of the bier, set the silk on the cart, left westward; the host bowed to the ground in farewell.
50
喪至于墓所，下柩。 進輴車於柩車之後，張帷，下柩於輴。 丈夫在西，憑以哭。 卑者拜辭，主人以下婦人皆障以行帷，哭於羨道西，東面北上。
At the tomb the coffin was lowered. The bier cart moved behind the coffin cart; curtains were hung; the coffin was lowered onto the bier. Men stood west, leaning on the bier and weeping. Juniors bowed farewell; the host and women, screened by curtains, wept west of the passage facing east, north to south.
51
入墓。 施行席於壙戶內之西，執紼者屬紼於輴，遂下柩於壙戶內席上，北首，覆以夷衾。
Enter the tomb chamber. Mats were spread west inside the tomb door; cords lowered the north-facing coffin onto them and it was covered with a plain quilt.
52
輴出，持翣入，倚翣於壙內兩廂，遂以帳張於柩東，南向。 米、酒、脯於東北，食盤設於前，醯、醢設於盤南，苞牲置於四隅，明器設於右。
The bier withdrew; fan bearers set fans on both sides inside, then hung a south-facing canopy east of the coffin. Grain and wine were set northeast; a food tray before; vinegar and relish south of it; wrapped sacrifice at the corners; spirit objects on the right.
53
在壙。 掌事者以玄纁授主人，主人授祝，奉以入，奠於靈座，主人拜稽顙。 施銘旌、誌石於壙門之內，掩戶，設關鑰，遂復土三。 主人以下稽顙哭，退，俱就靈所哭。 掌儀者祭后土於墓左。
Inside the tomb chamber. Stewards gave black-and-red silk to the host, who gave it to the invoker to place at the spirit seat; the host bowed to the ground. The bright banner and epitaph were set inside the tomb door; the door was closed, locked, and earth filled in three layers. The host and kin bowed to the ground, withdrew, and wept at the spirit seat. The rites director offered to the earth god left of the tomb.
54
反哭。 既下柩於壙，搥一鼓為一嚴，掩戶； 搥二鼓為再嚴，內外就靈所； 搥三鼓為三嚴，徹酒、脯之奠，追靈車於帷外，陳布儀仗如來儀。 腰輿入，少頃出，詣靈車後。 靈車發引，內外從哭如來儀。 出墓門，尊者乘，去墓百步，卑者乘以哭。 靈車至第西階下，南向。 祝以腰輿詣靈車後。 少頃，升，入詣靈座前； 主人以下從升，立於靈座東，西面南上； 內外俱升。 諸祖父以下哭於帷東北壁下，南面； 妻及女子子以下婦人哭於靈西，東面； 諸祖母以下哭於帷西北壁下，南面； 外姻哭於南廂，丈夫帷東，婦人帷西，皆北面； 弔者哭於堂上，西面。 主人以下出就次，沐浴以俟虞，斬衰者沐而不櫛。
They returned home weeping. After the coffin was lowered, the first vigil drum sounded and the tomb door was closed; at the second vigil drum, mourners gathered at the spirit seat; at the third, wine and dried-meat offerings were removed and the spirit cart was escorted outside the curtain with guards arrayed as on arrival. The litter entered briefly, then went behind the spirit cart. The spirit cart set out; mourners followed weeping as on arrival. Outside the tomb gate elders rode; a hundred paces on, juniors rode while weeping. The spirit cart stopped below the residence's west steps, facing south. The invoker with the litter went behind the spirit cart. Soon he ascended and entered before the spirit seat; the host and kin followed, standing east of the seat facing west, ranked south to north; all mourners inside and out ascended. Grandfathers wept northeast of the curtain facing south; wife, daughters, and women wept west of the spirit seat facing east; grandmothers northwest of the curtain facing south; outer affines wept in the south wing—men east of the curtain, women west—all facing north; Condolence visitors wept in the hall, facing west. The host withdrew to the hut to bathe before the yu rite; those in severest hemp bathed but did not comb.
55
虞。 主用桑，長尺，方四寸，孔徑九分，烏漆匱，置於靈座，在寢室內戶西，東向，素几在右。 設洗於西階西南，瓦甒二、設於北牖下，醴、酒在東。 喪者既沐，升靈所。 主人及諸子倚杖於戶外，入哭于位如初。 饌入，如殷奠，升自東階。 主人盥手洗爵，酌醴，西面跪奠，哭止。 祝跪讀祝，主人哭拜，內外應拜者皆哭拜。 乃出，杖降西階，還次。 間日再虞，後日三虞，禮如初。
The yu offering. The host's tablet was mulberry wood one foot by four inches, hole nine fen, in a black-lacquered case west inside the chamber door facing east, with a plain table to the right. A washstand stood southwest of the west steps; two jars below the north window, ale and wine to the east. After bathing, mourners went up to the spirit seat. The host and sons leaned on staffs outside the door, then entered and wept at their stations. Food was brought in as at a generous offering, up the east steps. The host washed, filled a goblet with ale, knelt facing west, set the offering, and weeping ceased. The invoker knelt and read the prayer; the host wept and bowed; all mourners who should respond did likewise. He then withdrew, descended the west steps with his staff, and returned to the hut. After an interval came the second yu; the next day the third—each like the first.
56
小祥。 毀廬為堊室，設蒲席。 堊室者除之，席地。 主人及諸子沐浴櫛翦，去首絰，練冠，妻妾女子去腰絰。 主用栗，祭如虞禮。
Lesser felicity rites. The mourning hut became a whitewashed chamber with a rush mat. The whitewashed chamber was removed; mourners sat on the ground. Host and sons bathed, groomed, removed headbands, and wore dyed-cap mourning; wives and women removed waist bands. The host's tablet was chestnut wood; offerings followed the yu rite.
57
大祥之祭如小祥。 間月而禫，釋祥服，而禫祭如大祥。 既祥而還外寢。 妻妾女子還於寢。 食有醢、醬，既禫而飲醴酒，食乾肉。
Greater felicity offerings matched lesser felicity. After an interval came unhemmed mourning; felicity dress was removed and the unhemmed offering matched greater felicity. After felicity, mourners returned to the outer chamber. Wives, concubines, and women returned to the inner quarters. Food included relish and sauce; after unhemmed mourning they drank ale and ate dried meat.
58
祔廟，筮日。 將祔，掌事者為埳室於始祖廟室西壁，主人及亞獻以下散齊三日，致齊一日。 前一日，主人以酒、脯告遞遷之主，乃遷置於幄坐，又奠酒、脯以安神。 掌饌者徹膳以出，掌廟者以次匵神主納於埳室。 又設考之祔坐於曾祖室內東壁下，西向，右几。 設主人位於東南，西面。 設子孫位於南門內道東，北面西上。 設亞獻、終獻位於主人東南。 設掌事以下位於終獻東南，俱西面北上。 設贊唱者位於主人西南，西面。 設酒尊於堂上室戶之東南，北向西上。 設洗於阼階東南，北向，實爵三，巾二，加冪。 其日，具少牢之饌二座，各俎三、簋二、簠二、鈃二。 酒尊二，其一實玄酒為上，其一實清酒次之。 其籩豆，一品者各十二，二品、三品者各八。 主人及行事者祭服。 掌事者具腰輿，掌廟者、閽寺人立於廟庭，北面再拜，升自東階，入，開埳室，出曾祖、曾祖妣神主置於座，降，出。 執尊、罍、篚者入就位，祝進座前，西面告曰：「以今吉辰，奉遷神主于廟。」 執輿者以輿升，入，進輿於座前，祝納神主於匵，升輿，祝仍扶於左，降自西階，子孫內外陪從於後。 至廟門，諸婦人停於門外，周以行帷，俟祭訖而還。 神主入自南門，升自西階，入於室。 諸子孫從升，立於室戶西，重行東面，以北為上。 行事者從入，各就位。 輿詣室前，迴輿西向。 祝啟匵出神主，置於坐。 輿降立於西階下，東向。 相者引主人以下降自東階，各就位。 祝立定，贊唱者曰：「再拜。」 在位者皆再拜。 掌饌者引饌入，升自東階，入於室，各設於神座前。 主人盥手，洗爵，升自東階，酌醴酒，入室，進，北面跪，奠爵於曾祖神座前。 主人出，取爵酌酒，入室，進，東面跪，奠於祖座前。 出戶，北面立。 祝持版進於室戶外之右，東向跪讀祝文，主人再拜。 祝進，入奠版於曾祖座。 主人出，降，還本位。 初，主人出，亞獻盥手，洗爵，升，酌酒入，進，北面跪，奠於曾祖，又酌酒入，進，東面跪，奠於祖神座，出戶，北面再拜訖，又入室，立於西壁下，東面再拜，出，降，復位。 亞獻將畢，終獻入如亞獻。 祝入，徹豆，贊者皆再拜。 主人及在位子孫以下出。 掌饌者入，徹饌以出。 掌廟者納曾祖神主於埳室，出，又以腰輿升諸考神座前，納主於匵，置於輿，詣考廟，出神主置於座，進酒、脯之奠，少頃，徹之。 祝納神主於埳室。 六品以下祔祭于正寢，禮略如之。
Affination in the ancestral temple; the day was divined. Before affination, stewards prepared a niche west of the founder's temple; host, secondary, and final offerers kept scattered fast three days and full fast one. The day before, the host reported with wine and dried meat to the spirits being moved, placed them on curtained seats, and offered wine and dried meat to settle them. Food stewards withdrew; temple stewards placed cased tablets into the niche in order. The father's affination seat was set on the east wall of the great-grandfather's chamber, facing west, table to the right. The host's place was southeast, facing west. Descendants stood east inside the south gate on the path, facing north, ranked west to east. Secondary and final offerers stood southeast of the host. Stewards and below stood southeast of the final offerer, facing west, ranked north to south. The announcer stood southwest of the host, facing west. Wine jars stood southeast of the hall door, facing west, ranked north to south. A washstand stood southeast of the east steps facing north, with three filled goblets, two kerchiefs, and covers. That day, two sets of young livestock offerings were prepared, each with three trays, two grain baskets, two square baskets, and two bells. Two wine jars: one with dark water as primary, one with clear wine as secondary. Baskets and dishes: twelve each for first rank; eight for second and third. Host and ritual officers wore sacrificial dress. Stewards prepared litters; temple officers stood in the courtyard, bowed twice facing north, entered by the east steps, opened the niche, brought out the great-grandparents' tablets, then left. Jar and basket holders took position; the invoker announced west before the seat: "On this auspicious day we move the spirit tablets to the temple. Bearers brought the litter in; the invoker cased the tablet, lifted the litter, supported it on the left, descended the west steps, and kin followed. At the temple gate all women waited outside within a traveling curtain until the rite ended. The tablet entered by the south gate, ascended the west steps, and entered the chamber. Sons and grandsons followed up and stood west of the door in double file facing east, north to south by seniority. Ritual officers entered and took their stations. The litter came before the chamber and was turned west. The invoker opened the case, removed the tablet, and set it on the seat. The litter was set down below the west steps facing east. The director led the host and others down the east steps to their stations. When the invoker was in place, the announcer said: "Bow twice. All present bowed twice. Food stewards brought offerings up the east steps and set them before each spirit seat. The host washed, filled a goblet, entered, knelt north before the great-grandfather's seat, and set the goblet down. He withdrew, refilled the goblet, entered again, knelt east before the grandfather's seat, and set it down. He left the chamber and stood facing north. The invoker knelt east outside the door, read the prayer on a plaque, and the host bowed twice. The invoker entered and placed the plaque at the great-grandfather's seat. The host withdrew, descended, and returned to station. When the host withdrew, the secondary offerer washed, filled a goblet, offered north to the great-grandfather and east to the grandfather, bowed twice outside the door, re-entered, bowed twice east at the west wall, then withdrew to station. As the secondary offerer finished, the final offerer performed the same rite. The invoker cleared the beans; announcers all bowed twice. The host and all present descendants withdrew. Food stewards removed the offerings and left. Temple stewards returned the great-grandparents' tablets to the niche, then carried the father's tablet in its case to his temple, set it out, offered wine and dried meat briefly, and removed them. The invoker returned the spirit tablet to the niche. Officials of sixth rank and below affinated in the main chamber; the rite was substantially the same.
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校勘記0.85em|columns=2
Collation notes for this chapter.