Volume 19 Treatises 9: Rites and Music 9

嘉禮三

Auspicious Rites III

皇帝元正、冬至受群臣朝賀而會

On New Year's Day and the winter solstice the emperor receives the ministers' congratulations and holds a court feast.

皇帝元正、冬至受群臣朝賀而會。

On New Year's Day and the winter solstice the emperor receives the ministers' congratulations and holds a court feast.

前一日，尚舍設禦幄於太極殿，有司設群官客使等次於東西朝堂，展縣，置桉，陳車輿，又設解劍席於縣西北橫街之南。文官三品以上位於橫街之南，道東；褒聖侯位於三品之下，介公、酅公位於道西；武官三品以上位於介公之西，少南；文官四品、五品位於縣東，六品以下位於橫街之南。又設諸州朝集使位：都督、刺史三品以上位於文、武官三品之東、西，四品以下分方位于文、武官當品之下。諸州使人又於朝集使之下，諸親於四品、五品之南。設諸蕃方客位：三等以上，東方、南方在東方朝集使之東，西方、北方在西方朝集使之西，每國異位重行，北面；四等以下，分方位於朝集使六品之下。又設門外位：文官于東朝堂，介公、酅公在西朝堂之前，武官在介公之南，少退，每等異位重行；諸親位於文、武官四品、五品之南；諸州朝集使，東方、南方在宗親之南，使人分方於朝集使之下；諸方客，東方、南方在東方朝集使之南，西方、北方在西方朝集使之南，每國異位重行。

The day before, the Imperial Household Service erected the imperial enclosure in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; officials arranged seating in the east and west audience halls, hung bells, set tables, lined up carriages, and placed sword-removal mats south of the transverse street northwest of the bell frame. Third-rank civil officials and above stood south of the transverse street, east of the lane; the Marquis Who Honors the Sage stood below third rank; the Duke of Jie and the Duke of Xi stood west of the lane; third-rank military officials and above stood west of the Duke of Jie, slightly south; fourth- and fifth-rank civil officials stood east of the bells; sixth rank and below stood south of the transverse street. Provincial assembly envoys were placed likewise: third-rank governors and prefects flanked the third-rank civil and military lines; fourth rank and below were arrayed by region under peers of their grade. Provincial delegates stood below the assembly envoys; imperial relatives south of the fourth- and fifth-rank ranks. Foreign guests were placed by grade: third rank and above from the east and south stood east of the eastern envoys, those from the west and north west of the western envoys, each state in its own row facing north; fourth rank and below were positioned by region below sixth-rank assembly envoys. Outside the gate, civil officials stood in the eastern hall; the Duke of Jie and Duke of Xi before the western hall; military officials south of the Duke of Jie, slightly back, each grade in its own row; imperial kin stood south of the fourth- and fifth-rank civil and military lines; eastern and southern assembly envoys stood south of the clansmen, with provincial delegates below them by region; eastern and southern guests stood south of the eastern envoys, western and northern guests south of the western envoys, each state in its own row.

其日，將士填諸街，勒所部列黃麾大仗屯門及陳於殿庭，群官就次。侍中版奏「請中嚴」。諸侍衛之官詣閣奉迎，吏部兵部主客戶部贊群官、客使俱出次，通事舍人各引就朝堂前位，引四品以下及諸親、客等應先置者入就位。侍中版奏「外辦」。皇帝服袞冕，冬至則服通天冠、絳紗袍，禦輿出自西房，即御座南向坐。符寶郎奉寶置於前，公、王以下及諸客使等以次入就位。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。上公一人詣西階席，脫舄，跪，解劍置於席，升，當御座前，北面跪賀，稱：「某官臣某言：元正首祚，景福惟新，伏惟開元神武皇帝陛下與天同休。」冬至云：「天正長至，伏惟陛下如日之升。」乃降階詣席，跪，佩劍，俯伏，興，納舄，復位。在位者皆再拜。侍中前承詔，降，詣群官東北，西面，稱「有制」。在位者皆再拜。宣制曰：「履新之慶，與公等同之。」冬至云：「履長。」在位者皆再拜，舞蹈，三稱萬歲，又再拜。

That day troops lined the streets; commanders formed their detachments, posted yellow-banner great halberds at gates and in the hall court, and officials took station. The Palace Attendant submitted on the board: "Request inner vigilance." Guard officers went to the pavilion to receive the emperor; Personnel, War, Receptions, and Revenue directors ushered officials and envoys from their stations; Protocol Aides led each group to the audience-hall positions and brought in fourth rank and below, kin, guests, and others who were to enter first. The Palace Attendant reported on the board: "Outer preparations complete." The emperor wore full ceremonial dress; on the winter solstice he wore the open-heaven cap and crimson gauze robe, came out from the west chamber by imperial carriage, and took the throne facing south. The Talisman-and-Seal Officer set the seals before him; dukes, princes, and below, with all envoys and guests, entered in sequence to their stations. The Master of Ceremonies called: "Bow twice." The announcers passed the word; all present bowed twice. A senior duke went to the western-step mat, removed his shoes, knelt, laid his sword on the mat, ascended, and knelt north of the throne to congratulate the emperor: "Official So-and-so, your servant So-and-so, says: At the year's first fortune, blessings renew; may Your Majesty the Kaiyuan Divine Martial Emperor share Heaven's repose." On the winter solstice he said: "The celestial new year has reached its height; may Your Majesty ascend like the sun." He then went down to the mat, knelt, girded his sword, prostrated, rose, put on his shoes, and returned to station. All present bowed twice. The Palace Attendant advanced to take the edict, went down to the officials' northeast, faced west, and announced: "By edict." All present bowed twice. The edict read: "The joy of the new year—share it equally with you." On the winter solstice it read: "Treading the year's height." All present bowed twice, danced, shouted "Long live the emperor" three times, and bowed twice again.

初，群官將朝，中書侍郎以諸州鎮表別為一桉，俟於右延明門外，給事中以祥瑞桉俟于左延明門外，侍郎、給事中俱就侍臣班。初入，戶部以諸州貢物陳於太極門東東、西廟，禮部以諸蕃貢物可執者，蕃客執入就位，其餘陳於朝堂前。上公將入門，中書侍郎、給事中皆降，各引其桉入，詣東、西階下立。上公將升賀，中書令、黃門侍郎俱降，各立，取所奏之文以次升。上公已賀，中書令前跪奏諸方表，黃門侍郎又進跪奏祥瑞，俱降，置所奏之文於桉。侍郎與給事中引桉退至東、西階前，桉出。

Before the audience, the Secretariat Vice Director prepared a separate table for provincial memorials outside the right Yanming Gate; the Imperial Receptionist prepared a table for auspicious reports outside the left Yanming Gate; both joined the attendant ministers' formation. At first entry the Revenue Ministry arrayed provincial tribute east and west of the Taiji Gate shrines; the Rites Ministry had portable foreign tribute carried in by guests to their stations, the rest set before the audience hall. When the senior duke was about to enter, the Vice Director and Receptionist descended, each led in his table, and stood below the east and west steps. When the senior duke was about to ascend to congratulate, the Secretariat Director and Yellow Gate Vice Director descended, stood, took up the documents to be presented, and ascended in turn. After the senior duke's congratulations, the Secretariat Director knelt forward to present regional memorials; the Yellow Gate Vice Director again knelt to present auspicious reports; both descended and laid the documents on the tables. The Vice Director and Receptionist withdrew the tables to the east and west steps, then removed them.

初，侍中已宣制，朝集使及蕃客皆再拜。戶部尚書進詣階間跪奏，稱：「戶部尚書臣某言：諸州貢物請付所司。」侍中前承制，退，稱：「制曰可。」禮部尚書以次進詣階間，跪奏，稱「禮部尚書臣某言：諸蕃貢物請付所司。」侍中前承制，退，稱：「制曰可。」太府帥其屬受諸州及諸蕃貢物出歸仁、納義門，執物者隨之。典儀曰：「再拜。」通事舍人以次引北面位者出。侍中前，跪奏稱：「侍中臣某言：禮畢。」皇帝降座，禦輿入自東房，侍臣從至閣。引東、西面位者以次出，蕃客先出。

After the Palace Attendant had proclaimed the edict, assembly envoys and foreign guests bowed twice. The Revenue Minister advanced to the steps, knelt, and said: "Revenue Minister, your servant So-and-so, requests that provincial tribute be delivered to the proper offices." The Palace Attendant took the edict, withdrew, and announced: "The edict says: Approved." The Rites Minister advanced in turn to the steps, knelt, and said: "Rites Minister, your servant So-and-so, requests that foreign tribute be delivered to the proper offices." The Palace Attendant took the edict, withdrew, and announced: "The edict says: Approved." The Grand Storehouse led its staff to take provincial and foreign tribute out through the Guiren and Nayi Gates, carriers following. The Master of Ceremonies called: "Bow twice." Protocol Aides led out those in north-facing stations in sequence. The Palace Attendant advanced, knelt, and reported: "Palace Attendant, your servant So-and-so, says: The rites are complete. The emperor left the throne; the imperial carriage returned through the east chamber; attendant ministers followed to the pavilion. East- and west-facing groups were led out in order; foreign guests left first.

冬至，不奏祥瑞，無諸方表。其會，則太樂令設登歌於殿上，二舞入，立于縣南。尚舍設群官升殿者座：文官三品以上又御座東南，西向；介公、酅公在御座西南，東向；武官三品以上又於其後；朝集使、都督、刺史，蕃客三等以上，座如立位。設不升殿者座各於其位。又設群官解劍席於縣之西北，橫街之南。尚食設壽尊於殿上東序之端，西向；設坫于尊南，加爵一。太官令設升殿者酒尊於東、西廂，近北；設在庭群官酒尊各於其座之南。皆有坫、冪，俱障以帷。吏部兵部戶部主客贊群官、客使俱出次，通事舍人引就朝堂前位，又引非升殿者次入就位。侍中版奏「外辦」。皇帝改服通天冠、絳紗袍，禦輿出自西房，即御座。典儀一人升就東階上，通事舍人引公、王以下及諸客使以次入就位。侍中進，當御座前北面跪奏，稱：「侍中臣某言：請延諸公、王等升。」又侍中稱：「制曰可。」侍中詣東階上，西面，稱：「制延公、王等升殿上。」典儀承傳，階下贊者又承傳，在位者皆再拜。應升殿者詣東、西階，至解劍席，脫舄，解劍，升。上公一人升階，少東，西面，立於座後。光祿卿進詣階間，跪奏稱：「臣某言：請賜群臣上壽。」侍中稱：「制曰可。」光祿卿退，升詣酒尊所，西向立。上公酒尊所，北面。尚食酌酒一爵授上公，上公受爵，進前，北面授殿中監，殿中監受爵，進，置御前，上公退，北面跪稱：「某官臣某等稽首言：元正首祚冬至云：「天正長至。」，臣某等不勝大慶，謹上千秋萬歲壽。」再拜，在位者皆再拜，立于席後。侍中前承制，退稱：「敬舉公等之觴。」在位者又再拜。殿中監取爵奉進，皇帝舉酒，在位者皆舞蹈，三稱萬歲。皇帝舉酒訖，殿中監進，受虛爵，以授尚食，尚食受爵於坫。

On the winter solstice, auspicious reports were omitted and regional memorials were not presented. At the feast the Director of Imperial Music set hall music for ascending song; the two dance companies entered and stood south of the bells. The Imperial Household Service placed seats for hall ascent: third-rank civil officials and above southeast of the throne, facing west; the Duke of Jie and Duke of Xi southwest of the throne, facing east; third-rank military officials and above stood behind them; assembly envoys, governors, prefects, and third-grade foreign guests sat as for their standing stations. Seats were set at each station for those not ascending the hall. Officials' sword-removal mats were again placed northwest of the bells, south of the transverse street. The Imperial Provisioner set the longevity wine vessel at the east end of the hall row, facing west; a libation stand south of the vessel, with one goblet placed upon it. The Grand Kitchen Steward set wine for hall guests in the east and west wings, near the north; courtyard officials' wine vessels were set south of each seat. Each had stands and covers, all screened with curtains. Personnel, War, Revenue, and Receptions directors ushered officials and envoys; Protocol Aides led them to the audience-hall stations, then brought in those not ascending the hall. The Palace Attendant reported on the board: "Outer preparations complete." The emperor changed to the open-heaven cap and crimson gauze robe, came out from the west chamber by carriage, and took the throne. One Master of Ceremonies ascended the east steps; Protocol Aides led dukes, princes, and below, with all envoys and guests, in to their stations. The Palace Attendant advanced, knelt before the throne, and said: "Palace Attendant, your servant So-and-so, requests that dukes, princes, and the rest ascend." The Palace Attendant announced: "The edict says: Approved." The Palace Attendant went to the east steps, faced west, and proclaimed: "By edict, dukes, princes, and others ascend the hall." The Master of Ceremonies passed the word; stairwell announcers relayed it; all present bowed twice. Those entitled to ascend went to the east and west steps, reached the sword-removal mats, removed shoes and swords, and went up. One senior duke ascended, stood slightly east, faced west, and waited behind the seats. The Director of the Imperial Household Bureau advanced to the steps, knelt, and said: "Your servant So-and-so requests leave to offer longevity wine to the ministers. The Palace Attendant announced: "The edict says: Approved." The Director withdrew, ascended to the wine vessel, and stood facing west. At the senior duke's wine station, facing north. The Imperial Provisioner poured one goblet and gave it to the senior duke; he received it, advanced, and facing north passed it to the Director of the Palace Domestic Service; the Director set it before the throne; the senior duke withdrew, knelt north, and said: "Official So-and-so, your servant So-and-so and others bow and say: At the year's first fortune—on the winter solstice: "The celestial new year has reached its height. , we cannot contain our great joy and respectfully offer long life for a thousand autumns and ten thousand years." They bowed twice; all present bowed twice and stood behind their mats. The Palace Attendant took the edict, withdrew, and said: "Raise your cups, lords. All present bowed twice again. The Director of the Palace Domestic Service presented the goblet; the emperor drank; all present danced and shouted "Long live the emperor" three times. When the emperor had drunk, the Director advanced, took the empty goblet, and passed it to the Imperial Provisioner, who set it on the libation stand.

初，殿中監受虛爵，殿上典儀唱：「再拜。」階下贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。上公就座後立，殿上典儀唱：「就座。」階下贊者承傳，俱就座。歌者琴瑟升坐，笙管立階間。尚食進，酒至階，殿上典儀唱：「酒至，興。」階下贊者承傳，坐者皆俯伏，起，立于席後。殿中監到階省酒，尚食奉酒進，皇帝舉酒。太官令又行群官酒，酒至，殿上典儀唱：「再拜。」階下贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜，搢笏受觶。殿上典儀唱：「就座。」階下贊者承傳，皆就座。皇帝舉酒，尚食進，受虛爵，復於坫。觴行三周，尚食進禦食，食至階，殿上典儀唱：「食至，興。」階下贊者承傳，坐者皆起，立座後。殿中監到階省桉，尚食品嘗食訖，以次進置御前。太官令又行群安桉，設食訖，殿上典儀唱：「就座。」階下贊者承傳，皆就座。皇帝乃飯，上下俱飯。禦食畢，仍行酒，遂設庶羞，二舞作。若賜酒，侍中承詔詣東階上，西面稱：「賜酒。」殿上典儀承傳，階下贊者又承傳，坐者皆起，再拜，立，受觶，就席坐飲，立，授虛爵，又再拜，就座。酒行十二遍。

When the Director took the empty goblet, the Hall Master of Ceremonies called: "Bow twice." Stairwell announcers passed the word; all present bowed twice. After the senior duke stood behind his seat, the Hall Master called: "Take your seats." Stairwell announcers relayed it; all sat down. Zither and lute players ascended and sat; pipe players stood between the steps. The Imperial Provisioner advanced; as wine reached the steps, the Hall Master called: "Wine arrives—rise." Stairwell announcers relayed it; seated guests prostrated, rose, and stood behind their mats. The Director of the Palace Domestic Service inspected the wine at the steps; the Imperial Provisioner presented it; the emperor drank. The Grand Kitchen Steward circulated wine to the officials; when it arrived, the Hall Master called: "Bow twice." Stairwell announcers relayed it; all present bowed twice, tucked their tablets, and received goblets. The Hall Master called: "Take your seats." Stairwell announcers relayed it; all sat down. The emperor drank; the Imperial Provisioner took the empty goblet and returned it to the stand. After three rounds of wine, the Imperial Provisioner brought imperial food; as it reached the steps, the Hall Master called: "Food arrives—rise." Stairwell announcers relayed it; seated guests rose and stood behind their seats. The Director inspected the tables at the steps; the Imperial Provisioner tasted the food, then presented it in sequence before the throne. The Grand Kitchen Steward again served the officials' tables; when food was ready, the Hall Master called: "Take your seats." Stairwell announcers relayed it; all sat down. The emperor then ate; all above and below ate. After the imperial meal, wine continued; assorted dishes were served and the two dance troupes performed. When wine was granted, the Palace Attendant took the edict to the east steps, faced west, and announced: "Wine is granted." The Hall Master passed the word; stairwell announcers relayed it; seated guests rose, bowed twice, stood, received goblets, sat to drink, stood, returned empty goblets, bowed twice again, and sat. Twelve rounds of wine were served.

會畢，殿上典儀唱：「可起。」階下贊者承傳，上下皆起，降階，佩劍，納舄，復位。位於殿庭者，仍立于席後。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。若有賜物，侍中前承制，降，詣群官東北，西面，稱：「有制。」在位者皆再拜。侍中宣制，又再拜，以次出。侍中前，跪奏稱：「侍中臣某言：禮畢。」皇帝興，禦輿入自東房，東、西面位者以次出。

When the feast ended, the Hall Master called: "You may rise." Stairwell announcers relayed it; all rose, descended, girded swords, put on shoes, and returned to station. Those in the courtyard still stood behind their mats. The Master of Ceremonies called: "Bow twice." Announcers passed the word; all present bowed twice. When gifts were granted, the Palace Attendant took the edict, went to the officials' northeast, faced west, and announced: "By edict." All present bowed twice. The Palace Attendant read the edict; all bowed twice again and left in order. The Palace Attendant advanced, knelt, and reported: "Palace Attendant, your servant So-and-so, says: The rites are complete." The emperor rose; the imperial carriage returned through the east chamber; east- and west-facing groups left in sequence.

皇帝若服翼善冠、袴褶，則京官袴褶，朝集使公服。設九部樂，則去樂縣，無警蹕。太樂令帥九部伎立于左、右延明門外，群官初唱萬歲，太樂令即引九部伎聲作而入，各就座，以次作。

If the emperor wore the Goodness-Wing cap and military dress, capital officials wore military dress and assembly envoys wore court robes. When the nine-section ensemble was used, the courtyard bells were removed and road clearance was omitted. The Director of Imperial Music arrayed the nine-section troupe outside the left and right Yanming Gates; at the first shout of "Long live the emperor," he led the troupe in playing; each took station and performed in turn.

臨軒冊皇太子

Investiture of the Crown Prince at the Imperial Hall

臨軒冊皇太子。

The crown prince is invested at the imperial hall.

有司卜日，告於天地宗廟。

Offices divined the date and announced it to Heaven, Earth, and the ancestral temples.

前一日，尚舍設禦幄於大極殿，有司設太子次於東朝堂之北，西向。又設版位於大橫街之南，展縣，設桉，陳車輿，及文武群官、朝集、蕃客之次位，皆如加元服之日。

The day before, the Imperial Household Service erected the imperial enclosure in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; officials placed the crown prince's waiting station north of the eastern audience hall, facing west. A presentation station was set south of the great transverse street; bells hung, tables set, carriages lined up, and ranks for officials, assembly envoys, and foreign guests—as for the coming-of-age ceremony.

其日，前二刻，宮官服其器服，諸衛率各勒所部陳於庭。左庶子奏「請中嚴」。侍衛之官奉迎，僕進金路，內率一人執刀。贊善奏「發引」。令侍臣上馬，庶子承令。其餘略如皇帝出宮之禮。皇太子遠遊冠、絳紗袍，三師導，三少從，鳴鐃而行。降路入次，亦如鑾駕。

Two quarters before the hour, palace officers donned regalia; guard commanders arrayed their units in the court. The Left Guardian memorialized: "Request inner vigilance." Guard officers came to receive him; attendants brought the golden carriage; one inner-rate officer bore the blade. The Good Companion reported: "Begin the procession." Attendant ministers were ordered to mount; the Guardian conveyed the command. The rest followed the emperor's palace departure rites in general. The crown prince wore the distant-travel cap and crimson gauze robe; three tutors led and three juniors followed, bells sounding as they went. He descended and entered the waiting station, as for the imperial procession.

其日，列黃麾大仗，侍中請「中嚴」。有司與群官皆入就位。三師、三少導從，皇太子立于殿門外之東，西向。黃門侍郎以冊、寶綬桉立於殿內道北，西面，中書侍郎立桉後。侍中乃奏「外辦」。皇帝服袞冕，出自西房，即御座。皇太子入就位。典儀曰：「再拜。」皇太子再拜。又曰：「再拜。」在位者皆再拜。中書令降，立于皇太子東北，西向。中書侍郎一人引冊、一人引寶綬桉立於其東，西面，以冊授之。中書令曰：「有制。」皇太子再拜，中書令跪讀冊，皇太子再拜受冊，左庶子受之。侍郎以璽綬授中書令，皇太子進受，以授左庶子。皇太子再拜，在位者皆再拜。侍中奏「禮畢」。皇帝入自東房，在位者以次出。

That day yellow-banner great halberds were posted; the Palace Attendant requested inner vigilance. Officials and all ministers entered and took station. Three tutors and three juniors escorted him; the crown prince stood east of the hall gate, facing west. The Yellow Gate Vice Director held the investiture tablet and seal-cord table north of the inner passage, facing west; the Secretariat Vice Director stood behind it. The Palace Attendant reported: "Outer preparations complete." The emperor wore full ceremonial dress, came out from the west chamber, and took the throne. The crown prince entered to his station. The Master of Ceremonies called: "Bow twice." The crown prince bowed twice. He called again: "Bow twice." All present bowed twice. The Secretariat Director came down and stood northeast of the crown prince, facing west. One Vice Director led the investiture tablet, one the seal-cord table, standing east of him facing west, and passed the tablet. The Secretariat Director announced: "By edict." The crown prince bowed twice; the Director knelt and read the tablet; the crown prince bowed twice, received it, and the Left Guardian took it. The Vice Director passed the seal cord to the Director; the crown prince advanced, received it, and gave it to the Left Guardian. The crown prince bowed twice; all present bowed twice. The Palace Attendant reported: "The rites are complete." The emperor returned through the east chamber; those present left in order.

皇帝御明堂讀時令

The Emperor Reads the Seasonal Ordinances at the Bright Hall

皇帝禦明堂讀時令。

The emperor reads the seasonal ordinances at the Bright Hall.

孟春，禮部尚書先讀令三日奏讀月令，承以宣告。

In early spring the Rites Minister read the ordinances for three days, then memorialized the monthly ordinances for public proclamation.

前三日，尚舍設大次於東門外道北，南向；守宮設文、武侍臣次於其後之左、右；設群官次於璧水東之門外，文官在北，武官在南，俱西上。

Three days before, the Imperial Household Service set the great waiting pavilion north of the road outside the east gate, facing south; the Palace Maintenance Office placed waiting stations for civil and military attendant ministers behind it, left and right; official ranks were set outside the Circular Water's east gate, civil officials north, military south, all facing west with precedence to the north.

前一日，設御座于青陽左個，東向。三品以上及諸司長官座于堂上：文官座于御座東北，南向；武官座于御座之東，北向。俱重行西上。設刑部郎中讀令座于御座東南，北向，有桉。設文官解劍席於醜陛之左，武官于卯陛之右，皆內向。太樂令展宮縣于青陽左個之庭，設舉麾位於堂上寅階之西，北向；其一位於樂縣東北，南向。典儀設三品以上及應升坐者位於縣東，文左武右，俱重行西向。非升坐者文官四品、五品位於縣北，六品以下於其東，絕位，俱南向；武官四品、五品于縣南，六品以下於其東，俱北向。皆重行西上。設典儀位於縣之西北，贊者二人在東，差退，俱南向。奉禮設門外位各於次前，俱每等異位，重行相向，西上。

The day before, the throne was set in the eastern bay of the Azure Yang Hall, facing east. Third-rank officials and department heads sat in the hall: civil officials northeast of the throne, facing south; military officials east of the throne, facing north. All in double rows, precedence west and north. The Justice Ministry ordinance reader's seat was placed southeast of the throne, facing north, with a table. Civil officials' sword-removal mats were left of the Chou steps; military officials' right of the Mao steps—both facing inward. The Director of Imperial Music hung palace bells in the Azure Yang eastern court; a banner station was set west of the hall's Yin steps, facing north; the chief musician stood northeast of the bells, facing south. The Master of Ceremonies placed third rank and above and those ascending to sit east of the bells—civil left, military right—in double rows facing west. Non-ascenders: fourth- and fifth-rank civil officials north of the bells, sixth rank and below east of them in separate rows, all facing south; fourth- and fifth-rank military officials south of the bells, sixth rank and below east of them, all facing north. All in double rows, precedence west and north. The Master's station was northwest of the bells; two announcers east, slightly back, all facing south. The Director of Ritual Observances set outside stations before each waiting area, each grade in separate facing rows, precedence west and north.

其日，陳小駕，皇帝服青紗袍，佩蒼玉，乘金路出宮，至於大次。文、武五品以上從駕之官皆就門外位，太樂令、工人、協律郎、典儀帥贊者皆先入，群官非升坐者次入，就位。刑部郎中以月令置於桉，覆以帕，立于武官五品東南，郎中立于桉後，北面。侍中版奏「外辦」。皇帝輿入自青龍門，升自寅階，即座。符寶郎置寶於前。典儀升，立于左個東北，南向。公、王以下入就西面位。典儀曰：「再拜。」贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。侍中前，跪奏稱：「侍中臣某言：請延公、王等升。」又侍中稱：「制曰可。」侍中詣左個東北，南向稱：「詔延公、王等升。」典儀傳，贊者承傳，在位者皆再拜。西面位者各詣其階，解劍，脫舄，升，立於座後。刑部郎中引桉進，立於卯階下。侍中跪奏「請讀月令」。又侍中稱：「制曰可。」刑部郎中再拜，解劍，俯，脫舄，取令，升自卯階，詣席南，北向跪，置令於桉，立于席後。堂上典儀唱：「就座。」公、王以下及刑部郎中並就座。刑部郎中讀令，每句一絕，使言聲可了。讀訖，堂上典儀唱：「可起。」王、公以下皆起。刑部郎中以令置於桉，與群官佩劍，納舄，復於位。典儀曰；「再拜。」在位者皆再拜。西面位者出。侍中跪奏稱：「侍中臣某言：禮畢。」皇帝降座，禦輿出之便次，南、北面位者以次出。

That day the light imperial carriage was prepared; the emperor wore azure gauze robe and azure jade, rode the golden carriage from the palace to the great waiting pavilion. Fifth-rank civil and military officials following the carriage took outside stations; the Music Director, musicians, pitch-master, Master of Ceremonies, and announcers entered first; non-ascending officials followed to station. The Justice ordinance reader placed the monthly ordinances on the table under cloth and stood southeast of fifth-rank military officials; the reader stood behind the table, facing north. The Palace Attendant reported on the board: "Outer preparations complete." The imperial carriage entered through the Azure Dragon Gate; the emperor ascended the Yin steps and took the throne. The Talisman-and-Seal Officer set the seals before him. The Master of Ceremonies went up and stood northeast of the eastern bay, facing south. Dukes, princes, and below entered to west-facing stations. The Master of Ceremonies called: "Bow twice." Announcers passed the word; all present bowed twice. The Palace Attendant advanced, knelt, and said: "Palace Attendant, your servant So-and-so, requests that dukes, princes, and the rest ascend." The Palace Attendant announced: "The edict says: Approved." The Palace Attendant went to the northeast of the eastern bay, faced south, and proclaimed: "By edict, dukes, princes, and others ascend." The Master passed the word; announcers relayed it; all present bowed twice. West-facing groups went to their steps, removed swords and shoes, ascended, and stood behind their seats. The ordinance reader led the table forward and stood below the Mao steps. The Palace Attendant knelt and memorialized: "Request to read the monthly ordinances." The Palace Attendant announced: "The edict says: Approved." The reader bowed twice, removed his sword, bowed, removed his shoes, took the ordinances, ascended the Mao steps, knelt north at the mat, set them on the table, and stood behind it. The Hall Master called: "Take your seats." Dukes, princes, and below, with the reader, all sat down. The reader recited the ordinances, pausing at each phrase so every word was clear. When the reading ended, the Hall Master called: "You may rise." Princes, dukes, and below all rose. The reader set the ordinances on the table; officials girded swords, put on shoes, and returned to station. The Master of Ceremonies called; "Bow twice." All present bowed twice. West-facing groups departed. The Palace Attendant knelt and reported: "Palace Attendant, your servant So-and-so, says: The rites are complete." The emperor left the throne; the carriage went to the rest station; south- and north-facing groups left in order.

自仲春以後，每月各居其位，皆冠通天，服、玉之色如其時。若四時之孟月及季夏土王讀五時令於明堂，亦如之。

From mid-spring each month used its proper hall; all wore the open-heaven cap; robes and jade matched the season. Reading the five seasonal ordinances at the Bright Hall in each season's first month and in late summer when Earth reigned followed the same procedure.

皇帝親養三老五更於太學

The Emperor Personally Feeds the Three Elders and Five Seniors at the Imperial Academy

皇帝親養三老五更於太學。

The emperor personally feeds the three elders and five seniors at the Imperial Academy.

所司先奏三師、三公致仕者，用其德行及年高者一人為三老，次一人為五更，五品以上致仕者為國老，六品以下致仕者為庶老。尚食具牢饌。

Offices first nominated retired grand tutors and preceptors; the most virtuous and eldest became Three Elder and Five Senior; fifth-rank retirees were State Elders, sixth rank and below Common Elders. The Imperial Provisioner prepared the great feast.

前三日，尚舍設大次於學堂之後，隨地之宜。設三老、五更次於南門外之西，群老又於其後，皆東向。文官于門外之東，武官在群老之西，重行，東西向，皆北上。

Three days before, the Imperial Household Service set the great waiting pavilion behind the academy, as space allowed. Stations for the Three Elder and Five Senior were west of the south gate outside; other elders behind them—all facing east. Civil officials east of the outer gate; military west of the elder group in double rows, all facing with precedence north.

前一日，設御座於堂上東序，西向，莞筵藻席。三老座於西楹之東，近北，南向；五更座於西階上，東向；國老三人座於三老西階，不屬焉。皆莞筵藻席。眾國老座於堂下西階之西，東面北上，皆蒲筵緇布純，加莞席。太樂令展宮縣於庭，設登歌於堂上，如元會。典儀設文、武官五品以上位於縣東、西，六品以下在其南，皆重行，西向北上，蕃客位於其南；諸州使人位於九品之後；學生分位於文、武官之後。設門外位如設次。又設尊於東楹之西，北向，左玄酒，右坫以置爵。

The day before, the throne was set on the hall's east row, facing west, with rush mats and embroidered edging. The Three Elder sat east of the west pillar, near the north, facing south; the Five Senior sat on the west steps, facing east; three State Elders sat on steps west of the Three Elder, not adjoining. All had rush mats with embroidered edging. Other State Elders sat west of the hall steps below, facing east with precedence north, on rush mats with black borders atop rush seats. The Music Director hung palace bells in the court and set hall ascending song, as at the New Year assembly. The Master placed fifth-rank civil and military officials east and west of the bells, sixth rank and below south in double rows facing west; foreign guests south of them; provincial envoys behind ninth rank; students behind the civil and military lines. Outside stations matched the waiting layout. A wine vessel was set west of the east pillar, facing north; dark liquor left, a stand right for goblets.

其日，鑾駕將至，先置之官就門外位，學生俱青衿服，入就位。鑾駕至太學門，回輅南向，侍中跪奏「請降輅」。降，入大次。文、武五品以上從駕之官皆就門外位，太樂令、工人、二舞入，群官、客使以次入。

As the procession approached, advance officials took outside stations; students in blue collars entered to place. At the academy gate the carriage turned south; the Palace Attendant knelt: "Request to descend." The emperor descended and entered the great waiting pavilion. Fifth-rank followers took outside stations; the Music Director, musicians, and dance troupes entered; officials and envoys followed in order.

初，鑾駕出宮，量時刻，遣使迎三老、五更於其第，三老、五更俱服進賢冠，乘安車，前後導從。其國老、庶老則有司預戒之。

When the procession left the palace, envoys were sent at the proper hour to fetch the Three Elder and Five Senior; both wore advancement-worthy caps, rode comfort carriages, and were escorted. State and Common Elders were notified in advance by the proper offices.

鑾駕既至太學，三老、五更及群老等俱赴集，群老各服其服。太常少卿贊三老、五更俱出次，引立于學堂南門外之西，東面北上；奉禮贊群老出次，立於三老、五更之後；太常博士引太常卿升，立于學堂北戶之內，當戶北面。侍中版奏「外辦」。皇帝出戶，殿中監進大珪，皇帝執大珪，降，迎三老於門內之東，西面立。侍臣從立于皇帝之後，太常卿與博士退立于左。三老、五更皆杖，各二人夾扶左右，太常少卿引導，敦史執筆以從。三老、五更於門西，東面北上，奉禮引群老隨入，立於其後。太常卿前奏「請再拜」。皇帝再拜，三老、五更去杖，攝齊答拜。皇帝揖進，三老在前，五更從，仍杖，夾扶至階，皇帝揖升，俱就座後立。皇帝西面再拜三老，三老南面答拜，皇帝又西向肅拜五更，五更答肅拜，俱坐。三公授幾，九卿正履。殿中監、尚食奉禦進珍羞及黍、稷等，皇帝省之，遂設於三老前。皇帝詣三老座前，執醬而饋，乃詣酒尊所取爵，侍中贊酌酒，皇帝進，執爵而酳。尚食奉禦以次進珍羞酒食於五更前，國老、庶老等皆坐，又設酒食於前，皆食。皇帝即座。三老乃論五孝六順、典訓大綱，格言宣于上，惠音被於下。皇帝乃虛躬請受，敦史執筆錄善言善行。禮畢，三老以下降筵，太常卿引皇帝從以降階，逡巡立於階前。三老、五更出，皇帝升，立於階上，三老、五更出門。侍中前奏「禮畢」。皇帝降，還大次。三老、五更升安車，導從而還，群官及學生等以次出。明日，三老主旨闕表謝。

At the academy the Three Elder, Five Senior, and other elders assembled in proper dress. The Sacrifices Vice Director brought the Three Elder and Five Senior from waiting stations to stand west of the south gate, facing east with precedence north; the Ritual Director brought other elders out to stand behind them; the Sacrifices Doctor led the Director inside the north door to stand facing north at the threshold. The Palace Attendant reported: "Outer preparations complete." The emperor came out; the Palace Domestic Director presented the great scepter; the emperor took it, descended, and welcomed the Three Elder east inside the gate, facing west. Attendant ministers stood behind the emperor; the Sacrifices Director and Doctor withdrew to the left. Three Elder and Five Senior bore staffs, two attendants each side; the Vice Director guided; the Instruction Recorder followed with brush. They stood west of the gate, facing east; the Ritual Director led other elders in behind. The Sacrifices Director advanced: "Request to bow twice." The emperor bowed twice; the Three Elder and Five Senior set down staffs, straightened robes, and returned the bow. The emperor bowed and advanced; the Three Elder led, the Five Senior followed, staffs restored and supported to the steps; the emperor bowed and ascended; all stood behind their seats. The emperor bowed twice west to the Three Elder, who returned the bow facing south; he then made a respectful bow west to the Five Senior, who returned it; all sat. The three grand preceptors presented armrests; the nine ministers adjusted footgear. The Palace Domestic Director and Imperial Provisioner presented delicacies with millet and glutinous grain; the emperor inspected them, then they were set before the Three Elder. The emperor went to the Three Elder's seat, offered sauce and fed him, then took a goblet at the wine station; the Palace Attendant announced the pour; the emperor advanced and performed the mouth-washing toast. The Provisioner next served delicacies, food, and wine before the Five Senior; State and Common Elders sat and were served; all ate. The emperor took his seat. The Three Elder then expounded the five filial acts, six harmonies, and canonical outlines—maxims voiced above, gracious teaching spread below. The emperor bowed humbly to receive instruction; the Instruction Recorder wrote down worthy words and deeds. When rites ended, the Three Elder and below left the mats; the Sacrifices Director led the emperor down to hesitate before the steps. The Three Elder and Five Senior left; the emperor ascended the steps; they went out the gate. The Palace Attendant reported: "The rites are complete." The emperor descended and returned to the great waiting pavilion. The Three Elder and Five Senior rode comfort carriages home with escort; officials and students left in order. The next day the Three Elder sent a chief memorial thanking the emperor.

州貢明經、秀才、進士身孝悌旌表門閭者，行鄉飲酒之禮，皆刺史為主人。先召鄉致仕有德者謀之，賢者為賓，其次為介，又其次為眾賓，與之行禮，而賓舉之。主人戒賓，立於大門外之西，東面；賓立於東階下，西面。將命者立于賓之左，北面，受命出，立於門外之東，西面，曰：「敢請事。」主人曰：「某日行鄉飲酒之禮，請吾子臨之。」將命者入告，賓出，立於門東，西面拜辱，主人答拜。主人曰：「吾子學優行高，應茲觀國，某日展禮，請吾子臨之。」賓曰：「某固陋，恐辱命，敢辭。」主人曰：「某謀于父師，莫若吾子賢，敢固以請。」賓曰：「夫子申命之，某敢不敬須。」主人再拜，賓答拜，主人退，賓拜送。其戒介亦如之，辭曰；「某日行鄉飲酒之禮，請吾子貳之。」

Provincial nominees in classics, cultivated talent, or advanced scholar categories who were commended for filial piety held the village drinking rite with the prefect as host. Virtuous retired villagers were consulted first; the worthiest became Guest, the next Assistant, then Mass Guests; the rite was performed and the Guest made nominations. The host invited the Guest, standing west outside the main gate, facing east; the Guest stood below the east steps, facing west. The messenger stood left of the Guest, faced north, took the message, went out east of the gate, faced west, and said: "I venture to request your attendance." The host said: "On such-and-such a day we hold the village drinking rite—please attend." The messenger reported inside; the Guest came out east of the gate, faced west, bowed for the honor; the host returned the bow. The host said: "Your learning excels and conduct is lofty—you should now visit the capital; on such-and-such a day we perform the rite—please attend." The Guest said: "I am unworthy and fear disgracing the task—I must decline." The host said: "I consulted village elders—none matches your worth—I insist on asking." The Guest said: "You have pressed the command—I dare not but respectfully wait." The host bowed twice; the Guest returned it; the host withdrew; the Guest bowed him off. Inviting the Assistant followed the same form, with the words: "On such-and-such a day we hold the village drinking rite—please assist."

其日質明，設賓席於楹間，近北，南向；主人席于阼階上，西向；介席於西階上，東向；眾賓席三于賓席之西，南向；皆不屬。又設堂下眾賓席於西階西南，東面北上。設兩壺于賓席之東，少北，玄酒在西，加勺冪。置篚于壺南，東肆，實以爵觶。設贊者位於東階東，西向北上。賓、介及眾賓至，位於大門外之右，東面北上。主人迎賓于門外之左，西面拜賓，賓答拜；又西南面拜介，介答拜；又西南面揖眾賓，眾賓報揖。主人又揖賓，賓報揖。主人先入門而右，西面。賓入門而左，東面。介及眾賓序入，立於賓西南，東面北上。眾賓非三賓者皆北面東上。

At dawn that day, the Guest's mat was set between pillars near the north, facing south; the host's mat on the host steps, facing west; the Assistant's mat on the west steps, facing east; three Mass Guest mats west of the Guest, facing south; none adjoining. Courtyard Mass Guest mats were set southwest of the west steps, facing east with precedence north. Two wine jars stood east of the Guest's mat, slightly north; dark liquor west, with ladles and covers. A basket south of the jars, laid east, held goblets and cups. Announcers stood east of the east steps, facing west with precedence north. When Guest, Assistant, and Mass Guests arrived, they stood right outside the main gate, facing east with precedence north. The host welcomed the Guest left of the gate, faced west and bowed; the Guest returned the bow; then bowed southwest to the Assistant, who returned it; then saluted southwest to Mass Guests, who returned the salute. The host saluted the Guest again; the Guest returned it. The host entered first to the right, facing west. The Guest entered left, facing east. Assistant and Mass Guests entered in order southwest of the Guest, facing east with precedence north. Mass Guests not among the three Guests faced north with precedence east.

主人將進揖，當階揖，賓皆報揖。及階，主人曰：「請吾子升。」賓曰：「某敢辭。」主人曰：「固請吾子升。」賓曰：「某敢固辭。」主人曰：「終請吾子升。」賓曰：「某敢終辭。」主人升自阼階，賓升自西階，當楣，北面立。執尊者徹冪。主人適篚，跪取爵，興，適尊實之，進賓席前，西北面獻賓。賓西階上北面拜。主人少退，賓進于席前，受爵，退，復西階上，北面立。主人退于阼階上，北面拜，送爵。賓少退，贊者薦脯、醢于賓席前。賓自西方升席，南面立。贊者設折俎，賓跪，左執爵，右取脯，擩於醢，祭於籩、豆之間，遂祭酒，啐酒，興，降席東，適西階上，北面跪，卒爵，執爵興，適尊實之，進主人席前，東面酢主人。主人于阼階上北面拜，賓少退。主人進受爵，退阼階上，北面立。賓退，復西階上，北面拜，送爵。贊者薦脯、醢于主人席前，主人由席東自北方升席，贊者設折俎，主人跪，左執爵，右祭脯，擩於醢，祭於籩、豆之間，遂祭酒，啐酒，興，自南方降席，復阼階上，北面跪，卒爵，執爵興，跪奠爵於東序端，興，適篚，跪取觶實之以酬，復阼階上，北面跪，奠觶，遂拜，執觶興。賓西階上答拜。主人跪酒祭，遂飲，卒觶，執觶興，適尊實之，進賓席前，北面。賓拜，主人少退。賓既拜，主人跪奠觶於薦西，興，復阼階上位。賓遂進席前，北面跪，取觶，興，復西階上位。主人北面拜送。賓進席前，北面跪，奠觶於薦東，興，復西階上位。主人北面揖，降，立阼階下，西面。賓降，立於階西，東面。

As the host advanced with salutes, he saluted at the step; all Guests returned them. At the steps the host said: "Please ascend." The Guest said: "I must decline." The host said: "I insist—please ascend." The Guest said: "I must firmly decline." The host said: "I ask once more—please ascend." The Guest said: "I must finally decline." The host ascended the host steps; the Guest the west steps and stood north of the lintel, facing north. Attendants removed the vessel covers. The host went to the basket, knelt, took a goblet, filled it at the vessel, advanced before the Guest's mat, and presented northwest to the Guest. The Guest on the west steps bowed facing north. The host stepped back; the Guest advanced, received the goblet, withdrew, and stood again on the west steps facing north. The host withdrew to the host steps, bowed north, and sent off the goblet. The Guest stepped back; announcers set dried meat and relish before his mat. The Guest ascended from the west and stood on the mat facing south. Announcers set the divided meat; the Guest knelt, goblet left, took meat right, dipped relish, offered between baskets and beans, offered and tasted wine, rose, went east of the mat to the west steps, knelt north, drained the goblet, refilled it, advanced before the host's mat facing east, and toasted the host. The host on the host steps bowed north; the Guest stepped back. The host advanced, received the goblet, withdrew to the host steps, and stood facing north. The Guest withdrew to the west steps, bowed north, and sent off the goblet. Announcers set relish before the host; he ascended from the east, announcers set divided meat; he knelt, goblet left, offered meat, dipped relish, offered between baskets and beans, offered and tasted wine, rose, descended south, returned to the host steps, knelt north, drained the goblet, set it at the east end, took a cup from the basket for the return toast, knelt north, set the cup, bowed, and rose with cup. The Guest on the west steps returned the bow. The host knelt, libated, drank, finished the cup, refilled it, and advanced before the Guest's mat facing north. The Guest bowed; the host stepped back. After the Guest bowed, the host knelt, set the cup west of the offering, rose, and returned to the host steps. The Guest advanced to the mat, knelt north, took the cup, rose, and stood on the west steps. The host bowed north and sent it off. The Guest advanced, knelt north, set the cup east of the offering, rose, and stood on the west steps. The host bowed north, saluted, descended, and stood below the host steps facing west. The Guest descended and stood west of the steps facing east.

主人進延介，揖之，介報揖。至介，一讓升，主人升阼階，介升西階，當楣，北面立。主人詣東序端，跪取爵，興，適尊實之。進于介席前，西南面獻介。介西階上北面拜，主人少退，介進，北面受爵，退，復位。主人于介右北面拜送爵，介少退，主人立于西階之東。贊者薦脯、醢于介席前，介進自北方，升席，贊者設折俎，介跪，左執爵，右祭脯、醢，遂祭酒，執爵興，自南方降席，北面跪，卒爵，執爵興，介授主人爵，主人適尊實之，酢於西階上，立於介右，北面跪，奠爵，遂拜，執爵興。介答拜。主人跪祭，遂飲，卒爵，執爵興，進，跪奠爵于西楹南，還阼階上，揖降。介降，立于賓南。

The host advanced to welcome the Assistant and saluted; the Assistant returned it. At the Assistant, one round of yielding; the host ascended the host steps, the Assistant the west steps, and stood north of the lintel facing north. The host went to the east end, knelt, took a goblet, rose, and filled it at the vessel. He advanced before the Assistant's mat and presented southwest to the Assistant. The Assistant on the west steps bowed north; the host stepped back; the Assistant advanced, received the goblet facing north, withdrew, and returned to station. The host east of the Assistant bowed north and sent off the goblet; the Assistant stepped back; the host stood east of the west steps. Announcers set relish before the Assistant; he advanced from the north, ascended, offered meat and relish, libated, rose, descended south, knelt north, drained the goblet, handed it to the host; the host refilled and toasted on the west steps, stood east of the Assistant, knelt north, set the goblet, bowed, and rose. The Assistant returned the bow. The host knelt, libated, drank, finished the goblet, advanced, knelt and set it south of the west pillar, returned to the host steps, saluted, and descended. The Assistant descended and stood south of the Guest.

主人于阼階前西南揖眾賓，遂升，適西楹南，跪取爵，興，適尊實之，進於西階上，南面獻眾賓之長，升西階上，北面拜，受爵。主人于眾賓長之右，北面拜送。贊者薦脯、醢于其席前，眾賓之長升席，跪，左執爵，右祭脯、醢，祭酒，執爵，興，退於西階上，立飲訖，授主人爵，降，復位。主人又適尊實之，進於西階上，南面獻眾賓之次者，如獻眾賓之長。又次一人升，飲，亦如之。主人適尊實酒，進於西階上，南面獻堂下眾賓。每一人升，受爵，跪祭，立飲，贊者遍薦脯、醢於其位。主人受爵、尊於篚。主人與賓一揖一讓升，賓、介、眾賓序升，即席。

The host saluted Mass Guests southwest of the host steps, ascended, knelt south of the west pillar, filled a goblet, advanced on the west steps facing south to the chief Mass Guest, who ascended, bowed north, and received it. The host east of the chief Mass Guest bowed north and sent it off. Announcers set relish; the chief Mass Guest ascended, knelt, offered meat and relish, libated, rose, withdrew to the west steps, stood and drank, handed the goblet to the host, descended, and returned to station. The host refilled, advanced on the west steps facing south to the next Mass Guest, as for the chief. The next guest ascended and drank likewise. The host filled wine and presented on the west steps facing south to courtyard Mass Guests. Each ascended, received the goblet, knelt and libated, stood and drank; announcers set relish at each station. The host took the goblet and returned the vessel to the basket. Host and Guest exchanged one salute and one yielding in ascending; Guest, Assistant, and Mass Guests ascended in order and sat.

設工人席于堂廉西階之東，北面東上。工四人，先二瑟，後二歌。工持瑟升自階，就位坐。工鼓《鹿鳴》，卒歌。笙入，立於堂下，北面，奏《南陔》。乃間歌，歌《南有嘉魚》，笙《崇丘》；乃合樂《周南》《關雎》、《召南》《鵲巢》。

Musicians' mats were east of the west steps at the hall eaves, facing north with precedence east. Four musicians—two zithers first, then two singers. Zither players ascended, took station, and sat. They played "Deer Cry" and finished the song. Pipe players entered below the hall facing north and played "South Hill." Then alternate song—"South Has Fine Fish," pipes "Lofty Mound;" then combined music: "Zhou South" "Fish Hawks" and "Shao South" "Magpie Nest."

司正升自西階司正謂主人贊禮者，禮樂之正。既成，將留賓，為有懈墮，立司正以監之。跪取觶於篚，興，適尊實之，降自西階，詣階間，左還，北面跪，奠觶，拱手少立，跪，取觶，遂飲，卒觶，奠，再拜。賓降席，跪取觶於篚，適尊實之，詣阼階上，北面酬主人。主人降席，進，立於賓東，賓跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，主人答拜，賓立飲，卒觶，適尊實之，阼階上東南授主人，主人再拜，賓少退，主人受觶，賓于主人之西，北面拜送，賓揖，復席。主人進西階上，北面酬介，介降席，自南方進，立于主人之西，北面。主人跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，介答拜。主人立飲，卒觶，適尊實之，進西階上，西面立，介拜，主人少退，介受觶，主人于介東，北面送，主人揖，復席。

The Director of Corrections ascended the west steps—the host's ritual announcer who keeps ritual and music in order. When the preliminary rites ended, a Director of Corrections was appointed to watch lest guests grow lax before the feast continued. He knelt, took a cup from the basket, filled it, descended the west steps to the foot, turned left, knelt north, set the cup, bowed briefly, drank it dry, set it down, and bowed twice. The Guest left the mat, knelt, took a cup, filled it, went to the host steps facing north, and returned toast to the host. The host left the mat and stood east of the Guest; the Guest knelt, set the cup, bowed, and rose; the host returned the bow; the Guest stood, drank, refilled, handed it southeast on the host steps; the host bowed twice; the Guest stepped back; the host took the cup; the Guest west of the host bowed north and sent it off, saluted, and returned to his mat. The host advanced to the west steps facing north to toast the Assistant; the Assistant left the mat, came from the south, and stood west of the host facing north. The host knelt, set the cup, bowed, and rose; the Assistant returned the bow. The host stood, drank, refilled, advanced on the west steps facing west; the Assistant bowed; the host stepped back; the Assistant took the cup; the host east of him sent it off facing north, saluted, and returned to his mat.

司正升自西階，近西，北面立，相旅曰：「某子受酬。」受酬者降席，自西方進，北面立於介右。司正退，立於序端，東面，避受酬者。介跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，某子答拜。介立飲，卒觶，適尊實之，進西階上，西南面授某子，某子受觶，介立於某子之左，北面，揖，復席。司正曰：「某子受酬。」受酬者降席，自西方立於某子之左，北面，某子跪奠觶，遂拜，執觶興，受酬者答拜。某子立飲，卒觶，適尊實之，進西階上，西南面授之，受酬者受觶，某子立於酬者之右，揖，復席。次一人及堂下眾賓受酬亦如之。卒受酬者以觶跪奠於篚，興，復階下位。司正適阼階上，東面請命于主人，主人曰：「請坐於賓。」司正回，北面告於賓曰：「請賓坐。」賓曰：「唯命。」賓、主各就席坐。若賓、主公服者，則降脫履，主人先左，賓先右。司正降，復位。乃羞肉胾、醢，賓、主燕飲，行無算爵，無算樂，主人之贊者皆興焉。已燕，賓、主俱興，賓以下降自西階，主人降自東階。賓以下出，立於門外之西，東面北上，主人送于門外之東，西面再拜，賓、介逡巡而退。

The Director of Corrections ascended the west steps, stood near the west facing north, and called the round: "So-and-so receives return toast." The recipient left the mat, came from the west, and stood north of the Assistant facing north. The Director withdrew to the sequence end facing east, yielding to the recipient. The Assistant knelt, set the cup, bowed, and rose; the recipient returned the bow. The Assistant stood, drank, refilled, advanced on the west steps, faced southwest and passed it to the recipient; he took the cup; the Assistant stood left of him, faced north, saluted, and returned to his mat. The Director called: "So-and-so receives return toast." The recipient left the mat, stood west of So-and-so facing north; So-and-so knelt, set the cup, bowed, and rose; the recipient returned the bow. So-and-so stood, drank, refilled, advanced on the west steps facing southwest and passed it on; the recipient took the cup; So-and-so stood right of him, saluted, and returned to his mat. The next guest and courtyard Mass Guests received return toasts in the same way. When return toasts ended, the recipient knelt, set the cup in the basket, rose, and returned below the steps. The Director went to the host steps facing east and asked the host's order; the host said: "Ask the Guest to sit with me." The Director turned north and told the Guest: "Please be seated." The Guest said: "As you command." Guest and host each sat on their mats. If they wore court dress, they descended and removed shoes—host left foot first, Guest right foot first. The Director descended and returned to station. Then meat and relish were served; Guest and host feasted at ease with unnumbered wine rounds and music—the host's announcers all joined. When feasting ended, Guest and host rose; Guest and below left by the west steps, the host by the east steps. Guest and below stood west outside the gate facing east; the host saw them off east of the gate, faced west and bowed twice; Guest and Assistant withdrew with hesitation.

季冬之月正齒位，則縣令為主人，鄉之老人年六十以上有德望者一人為賓，次一人為介，又其次為三賓，又其次為眾賓。年六十者三豆，七十者四豆、八十者五豆，九十者及主人皆六豆。賓、主燕飲，則司正北面請賓坐，賓、主各就席立。司正適篚，跪取觶，興，實之，進，立於楹間，北面，乃揚觶而戒之以忠孝之本。賓、主以下皆再拜。司正跪奠觶，再拜，跪取觶飲，卒觶，興，賓、主以下皆坐。司正適篚，跪奠觶，興，降復位，乃行無算爵。其大抵皆如鄉飲酒禮。

In late winter when age ranks were set, the district magistrate was host; one worthy village elder over sixty was Guest, the next Assistant, then three Guests, then Mass Guests. Age sixty received three dishes; seventy four; eighty five; ninety and the host each received six. At the leisurely feast the Director faced north and asked the Guest to sit; Guest and host each stood at their mats. The Director went to the basket, knelt, took a cup, filled it, advanced between pillars facing north, raised the cup, and exhorted them on loyalty and filial piety as the foundation. Guest, host, and all below bowed twice. The Director knelt, set the cup, bowed twice, drank it dry, rose; Guest, host, and all below sat. The Director returned the cup to the basket, descended to station, then served unnumbered wine rounds. In general the procedure followed the village drinking rite.

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