1
__FORCETOC__
Table of contents.
2
唐制，天子居曰「衙」，行曰「駕」，皆有衞有嚴。 羽葆、華蓋、旌旗、罕畢、車馬之眾盛矣，皆安徐而不譁。 其人君舉動必以扇，出入則撞鍾，庭設樂宮，道路有鹵簿、鼓吹。 禮官百司必備物而後動，蓋所以為慎重也。 故慎重則尊嚴，尊嚴則肅恭。 夫儀衞所以尊君而肅臣，其聲容文采，雖非三代之制，至其盛也，有足取焉。
Under Tang law, the emperor's residence was termed the ya and his progress the jia; each had its own guard establishment and ceremonial display. Feathered canopies, state umbrellas, banners, Han and Bi insignia, and vast arrays of carriages and horses all moved at an easy pace, without uproar. The sovereign's every gesture was attended by fans; he struck bells on entering and leaving; music chambers were set in the palace; processional routes had guard arrays and martial music. Ritual officers and every department had to ready their regalia before any movement — the point was deliberate solemnity. Solemn preparation bred dignity, and dignity bred reverent deportment. Ceremonial guards exalted the sovereign and overawed his ministers. Their music, appearance, and pageantry were not those of the Three Dynasties, yet at their height they remain exemplary.
3
衙。
Palace guards (ya).
4
凡朝會之仗，三衞番上，分為五仗，號衙內五衞。 一曰供奉仗，以左右衞為之。 二曰親仗，以親衞為之。 三曰勳仗，以勳衞為之。 四曰翊仗，以翊衞為之。 皆服鶡冠、緋衫裌。 五曰散手仗，以親、勳、翊衞為之，服緋絁裲襠，繡野馬。 皆帶刀捉仗，列坐於東西廊下。
At court assemblies the Three Guards took rotating duty in five armed formations, known as the Five Guards of the Inner Ya. First was the Service Guard, drawn from the Left and Right Guards. Second, the Intimate Guard detachment, from the Intimate Guard. Third, the Merit Guard detachment, from the Merit Guard. Fourth, the Assist Guard detachment, from the Assist Guard. All wore egret-feather caps and scarlet jackets with lined trousers. Fifth, the Open-hand Guard, combining Intimate, Merit, and Assist Guards in scarlet silk cross-collars embroidered with wild horses. All carried swords and grasped ceremonial staves, seated in rows along the east and west corridors.
5
每月以四十六人立內廊閤外，號曰內仗。 以左右金吾將軍當上，中郎將一人押之，有押官，有知隊仗官。 朝堂置左右引駕三衞六十人，以左右衞、三衞年長彊直能糾劾者為之，分五番。 有引駕佽飛六十六人，以佽飛、越騎、步射為之，分六番，每番皆有主帥一人。 坐日引駕升殿，金吾大將軍各一人押之，號曰押引駕官。 中郎將、郎將各一人，檢校引駕事。 又有千牛仗，以千牛備身、備身左右為之。 千牛備身冠進德冠、服袴褶； 備身左右服如三衞。 皆執御刀、弓箭，升殿列御座左右。
Each month forty-six men stood outside the inner corridor gate as the Inner Guard. Left and Right Golden Crow generals alternated as duty officers; a commandant of the palace guards supervised them, with escort officers and formation officers. Sixty Left and Right Imperial Escort Three Guards were posted at the audience hall, selected from the Left and Right Guards and Three Guards for age, strength, integrity, and investigative skill, in five watches. Sixty-six Imperial Escort yifei, drawn from yifei, Flying Cavalry, and Foot Archers in six watches, each with its own commander. On audience days the escort guards ascended the hall; each Golden Crow grand general in turn served as Imperial Escort Escort Officer. A commandant and a captain of the palace guards jointly inspected escort duty. There was also the Thousand-Ox Guard, formed from Thousand-Ox bodyguards and left and right bodyguards. Thousand-Ox bodyguards wore the Advance-in-Virtue cap and pleated riding dress; left and right bodyguards dressed like the Three Guards. All bore imperial swords, bows, and arrows, ascending the hall to stand left and right of the throne.
6
內外諸門以排道人帶刀捉仗而立，號曰立門仗。 宣政左右門仗、內仗，皆分三番而立，號曰交番仗。 諸衞有挾門隊、長槍隊。 承天門內則左右衞挾門隊列東西廊下，門外則左右驍衞挾門隊列東西廊下。 長樂、永安門內則左右威衞挾門隊列東西廊下，門外則左右領軍衞挾門隊列東西廊下。 嘉德門內則左右武衞挾門隊列東西廊下。 車駕出皇城，則挾門隊皆從。 長槍隊有漆槍、木槍、白檊槍、樸頭槍。
At inner and outer gates, path-clearers with swords and staves stood on duty as the Gate-standing Guard. Guards at the Xuanzheng left and right gates and the inner guard rotated in three watches as the Alternating-watch Guard. Each guard regiment had gate-flanking companies and long-spear companies. Inside Chengtian Gate the Left and Right Guards' flanking companies lined the east and west corridors; outside, the Left and Right Valiant Guards' flanking companies did the same. Inside Changle and Yong'an gates the Left and Right Majestic Guards' flanking companies lined the corridors; outside, the Left and Right Army-inspector Guards' flanking companies. Inside Jiade Gate the Left and Right Martial Guards' flanking companies lined the east and west corridors. When the imperial carriage left the Imperial City, every gate-flanking company accompanied it. Long-spear companies carried lacquered spears, wooden spears, white-shaft spears, and club-head spears.
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每夜，第一鼕鼕，諸隊仗佩弓箭、胡祿，出鋪立廊下，按矟、張弓、捻箭、彀弩。 第二鼕鼕後，擊鍾訖，持更者舉矟，鍾聲絕則解仗。 一點，持更人按矟，持弓者穩箭唱號，諸衞仗隊皆分更行探。 宿衞門閤仗隊，鍪、甲、蕞，擐左襻，餘仗隊唯持更人蕞一具，供奉、散手仗亦持更、蕞、甲。
Each night at the first drumstroke guard companies donned bows, quivers, and arrow cases, deployed to the corridors, braced halberds, strung bows, nocked arrows, and cocked crossbows. After the second drumstroke, when the bell-ringing ended, watch-holders raised their halberds; when the bells fell silent they stood down. At the first watch, halberd-bearers braced their weapons, archers steadied arrows and called the watch, and every guard company split watches for patrol. Night guards at gate pavilions wore helmets, armor, and rushes with the left flap fastened. Other companies gave each watch-holder a single rush; Service and Open-hand guards equipped watch-holders with rushes and armor as well.
8
每朝，第一鼕鼕訖，持更矟皆舉，張弓者攝箭收弩，立門隊及諸隊仗皆立於廊下。 第二鼕鼕聲絕，按矟、弛弓、收鋪，諸門挾門隊立於階下。 復一刻，立門仗皆復舊，內外仗隊立於階下。
Each morning after the first drumstroke watch-holders raised halberds, archers gathered arrows and stowed crossbows, and gate and guard companies stood under the corridors. When the second drumstroke ended they braced halberds, unstrung bows, folded the mats, and gate-flanking companies took position on the steps. After another quarter-watch the gate guards resumed their posts and inner and outer guard companies stood on the steps below.
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元日、冬至大朝會、宴見蕃國王，則供奉仗、散手仗立於殿上； 黃麾仗、樂縣、五路、五副路、屬車、輿輦、繖二、翰一，陳於庭； 扇一百五十有六，三衞三百人執之，陳於兩箱。
On New Year's Day, the winter-solstice grand audience, and banquets for foreign kings, the Service and Open-hand guards stood on the hall; while the yellow-banner guard, music regalia, five routes, five deputy routes, attendant carriages, palanquins, two umbrellas, and one plume canopy were arrayed in the courtyard; one hundred fifty-six fans borne by three hundred Three Guards were posted in the two side boxes.
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黃麾仗，左右廂各十二部，十二行。 第一行，長戟，六色氅，領軍衞赤氅，威衞青氅、黑氅，武衞鶩氅，驍衞白氅，左右衞黃氅，黃地雲花襖、冒。 第二行，儀鍠，五色幡，赤地雲花襖、冒。 第三行，大矟，小孔雀氅，黑地雲花襖、冒。 第四行，小戟、刀、楯，白地雲花襖、冒。 第五行，短戟，大五色鸚鵡毛氅，青地雲花襖、冒。 第六行，細射弓箭，赤地四色雲花襖、冒。 第七行，小矟，小五色鸚鵡毛氅，黃地雲花襖、冒。 第八行，金花朱縢格楯刀，赤地雲花襖、冒。 第九行，戎，鷄毛氅，黑地雲花襖、冒。 第十行，細射弓箭，白地雲花襖、冒。 第十一行，大鋋，白毦，青地雲花襖、冒。 第十二行，金花綠縢格楯刀，赤地四色雲花襖、冒。 十二行皆有行縢、鞋、韈。
The yellow-banner guard: each side box had twelve sections of twelve rows. Row one: long halberds with six-colored pennants — Army-inspector scarlet, Majestic blue and black, Martial egret, Valiant white, Left and Right Guards yellow — over yellow-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row two: ceremonial bells, five-colored banners, red-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row three: great halberds, small peacock pennants, black-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row four: small halberds, swords, and shields, white-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row five: short halberds, large five-colored parrot-feather pennants, blue-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row six: light bows and arrows for shooting drill, red-ground four-color cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row seven: small halberds, small five-colored parrot pennants, yellow-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row eight: golden-flower vermilion-cord grid-shield swords, red-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row nine: spears, chicken-feather pennants, black-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row ten: light bows and arrows, white-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row eleven: great war-clubs, white yak-tail pennants, blue-ground cloud-flower jackets and covers. Row twelve: golden-flower green-cord grid-shield swords, red-ground four-color cloud-flower jackets and covers. Every row wore leg-bindings, shoes, and socks.
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前黃麾仗，首左右廂各二部，部十二行，行十人，左右領軍衞折衝都尉各一人，領主帥各十人，師子袍、冒。 次左右廂皆一部，部十二行，行十人，左右威衞果毅都尉各一人，領主帥各十人，豹文袍、冒。 次廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右武衞折衝都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右衞折衝都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次當御廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右衞果毅都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次後廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右驍衞折衝都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次後廂各二部，部十二行，行十人，左右武衞果毅都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次後左右廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右威衞折衝都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次後左右廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右威衞果毅都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次後左右廂各一部，部十二行，行十人，左右領軍衞果毅都尉各一人，主帥各十人。 次盡後左右廂，軍衞、主帥各十人護後，被師子文袍、冒。
The forward yellow-banner guard: at the van, each side box had two sections of twelve rows of ten men; each Army-inspector assault commandant led ten squad leaders in lion-pattern robes and covers. Next, each side box had one section of twelve rows of ten; each Majestic resolute commandant led ten squad leaders in leopard-pattern robes and covers. Then each side box added one section of twelve rows of ten, each Martial assault commandant with ten squad leaders. Then each side box had another section, each Left and Right assault commandant with ten squad leaders. Next the imperial-facing side box: twelve rows of ten, each Left and Right resolute commandant with ten squad leaders. Then each rear side box: twelve rows of ten, each Valiant assault commandant with ten squad leaders. Then each rear side box doubled to two sections, each Martial resolute commandant with ten squad leaders. Then rear left and right boxes each had one section, each Majestic assault commandant with ten squad leaders. Then rear left and right boxes again, each Majestic resolute commandant with ten squad leaders. Finally rear left and right boxes, each Army-inspector resolute commandant with ten squad leaders. At the rearmost left and right boxes, army guards and ten squad leaders each protected the rear in lion-pattern robes and covers.
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左右領軍衞黃麾仗，首尾廂皆絳引旛，二十引前，十掩後。 十廂各獨揭鼓十二重，重二人，赤地雲花襖、冒，行縢、鞋、韈，居黃麾仗外。
The Army-inspector yellow-banner guard placed scarlet guide-banners at van and rear — twenty leading, ten screening behind. Ten side boxes each fielded twelve-tier solo drum teams of two men in red-ground cloud-flower dress with leg-bindings, shoes, and socks, posted outside the yellow-banner array.
13
每黃麾仗一部，鼓一，左右衞、左右驍衞、左右武衞、左右威衞將軍各一人，大將軍各一人，左右領軍衞大將軍各一人檢校，被繡袍。
Each yellow-banner section had one drum; generals and grand generals from Guards, Valiant, Martial, and Majestic regiments supervised, with Army-inspector grand generals inspecting — all in embroidered robes.
14
次左右衞黃旗仗，立於兩階之次，鍪、甲、弓、箭、刀、楯皆黃，隊有主帥以下四十人，皆戎服，被大袍，二人引旗，一人執，二人夾，二十人執矟，餘佩弩、弓箭。 第一麟旗隊，第二角端旗隊，第三赤熊旗隊，折衝都尉各一人檢校，戎服，被大袍，佩弓箭、橫刀。 又有夾轂隊，廂各六隊，隊三十人，胡木鍪、毦、蜀鎧、懸鈴、覆膊、錦臂韝、白行縢、紫帶、鞋韈，持𥎞、楯、刀； 廂各折衝都尉一人、果毅都尉二人檢校，冠進德冠，被紫縚連甲、緋繡葵花文袍。 第一隊、第四隊，朱質鍪、鎧，緋絝。 第二隊、第五隊，白質鍪、鎧，紫絝。 第三隊、第六隊，黑質鍪、鎧，皂絝。
Next stood the Left and Right Guards' yellow-flag guard below the stair flights — helmets, armor, bows, arrows, swords, and shields all yellow. Each forty-man company wore martial great robes: two guided the flag, one bore it, two flanked it, twenty carried halberds, the rest crossbows and bows. First the Unicorn-flag company, second Horn-tip, third Red Bear — each with an assault commandant in martial great robes bearing bow and lateral sword. Carriage-flanking companies followed: six per side box, thirty men each in barbarian-wood helmets, yak-tail, Shu armor, hanging bells, arm covers, brocade bracers, white leg-bindings, purple belts, shoes and socks, with maces, shields, and swords; each side box had one assault and two resolute commandants in Advance-in-Virtue caps, purple-cord linked armor, and scarlet sunflower-embroidered robes. Companies one and four: vermilion helmets and armor with scarlet cords. Companies two and five: white helmets and armor with purple cords. Companies three and six: black helmets and armor with black cords.
15
次左右驍衞赤旗仗，坐於東西廊下，鍪、甲、弓、箭、刀、楯皆赤，主帥以下如左右衞。 第一鳳旗隊，第二飛黃旗隊，折衝都尉各一人檢校。 第三吉利旗隊，第四兕旗隊，第五太平旗隊，果毅都尉各一人檢校。
Next the Valiant Guards' scarlet-flag guard sat in the east and west corridors with all equipment scarlet, organized like the Left and Right Guards. First Phoenix-flag, second Flying Yellow-flag — each with an assault commandant. Third Auspicious, fourth Rhinoceros, fifth Great Peace — each with a resolute commandant.
16
又有親、勳、翊衞仗，廂各三隊壓角，隊皆有旗，一人執，二人引，二人夾，校尉以下翊衞以上三十五人，皆平巾幘、緋裲襠、大口絝，帶橫刀； 執矟二十人，帶弩四人，帶弓箭十一人。 第一隊鳳旗，大將軍各一人主之。 第二隊飛黃旗，將軍各一人主之。 第三隊吉利旗，郎將一人主之。
Intimate, Merit, and Assist guards also supplied corner-pressing companies: three per side box with flags — one bearer, two guides, two flankers — thirty-five men from captain through Assist Guard in plain caps, scarlet cross-collars, wide trousers, and lateral swords; twenty carried halberds, four crossbows, eleven bows and arrows. The first company bore the Phoenix flag under a grand general each. The second bore Flying Yellow under a general each. The third bore the Auspicious flag under a captain each.
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次左右武衞白旗仗，居驍衞之次，鍪、甲、弓、箭、刀、楯皆白，主帥以下如左右衞。 第一五牛旗隊，黃旗居內，赤青居左，白黑居右，各八人執。 第二飛麟旗隊，第三駃騠旗隊，第四鸞旗隊，果毅都尉各一人檢校。 第五犀牛旗隊，第六鵔鸃旗隊，第七騏驎旗隊，第八騼䮷旗隊，折衝都尉各一人檢校。 持鈒隊，果毅都尉各一人、校尉二人檢校。 前隊執銀裝長刀，紫黃綬紛。 絳引旛一，金節十二，分左右。 次罕、畢、朱雀幢、叉，青龍、白虎幢，道蓋、叉，各一。 自絳引旛以下，執者服如黃麾。 執罕、畢及幢者，平陵冠、朱衣、革帶。 左罕右畢，左青龍右白虎。 稱長一人，出則告警，服如黃麾。 鈒、戟隊各一百四十四人，分左右三行應蹕，服如黃麾。 果毅執青龍等旗，將軍各一人檢校； 旅帥二人執銀裝長刀，紫黃綬紛，檢校後隊。
Next the Martial Guards' white-flag guard followed the Valiant array with all white equipment, organized like the Left and Right Guards. First the Five-Ox flag company: yellow within, scarlet and blue left, white and black right — eight bearers each. Second Flying Unicorn, third piebald camel, fourth Luan bird — each with a resolute commandant. Fifth rhinoceros, sixth jiezhi, seventh qilin, eighth lu-tu — each with an assault commandant. Spear-bearer companies had a resolute commandant and two captains each. The forward company bore silver-mounted long swords with purple-yellow tassels. One scarlet guide-banner and twelve golden staffs divided left and right. Then Han and Bi emblems, vermilion-bird banners, forks, Azure Dragon and White Tiger banners, and path umbrellas with forks — one of each. From the scarlet guide-banner down, bearers dressed like the yellow-banner guard. Bearers of Han, Bi, and the great banners wore Pingling caps, vermilion robes, and leather belts. Han on the left, Bi on the right; Azure Dragon left, White Tiger right. One length-herald gave warning on departure, dressed like the yellow-banner guard. Spear and halberd companies of one hundred forty-four men each formed three rows left and right for road clearance, dressed like the yellow-banner guard. Resolute commandants bore the Azure Dragon and related flags, each company under a inspecting general; two brigade leaders with silver long swords and purple-yellow tassels inspected the rear ranks.
18
次左右威衞黑旗仗，立于階下，鍪、甲、弓、箭、楯、矟皆黑，主帥以下如左右衞。 第一黃龍負圖旗隊，第二黃鹿旗隊，第三騶牙旗隊，第四蒼烏旗隊，果毅都尉各一人檢校。
Next the Majestic Guards' black-flag guard stood on the steps with black helmets, armor, bows, arrows, shields, and halberds, organized like the Left and Right Guards. First Yellow Dragon Bearing-the-Chart, second Yellow Deer, third Zouya, fourth Dark Raven — each with a resolute commandant.
19
次左右領軍衞青旗仗，居威衞之次，鍪、甲、弓、箭、楯、矟皆青，主帥以下如左右衞。 第一應龍旗隊，第二玉馬旗隊，第三三角獸旗隊，果毅都尉各一人檢校； 第四白狼旗隊，第五龍馬旗隊，第六金牛旗隊，折衝都尉各一人檢校。
Next the Army-inspector green-flag guard followed the Majestic array with all green equipment, organized like the Left and Right Guards. First Responsive Dragon, second Jade Horse, third Triangular Beast — each with a resolute commandant; fourth White Wolf, fifth Dragon Horse, sixth Golden Ox — each with an assault commandant.
20
又有殳仗、步甲隊，將軍各一人檢校。 殳仗左右廂千人，廂別二百五十人執殳，二百五十人執叉，皆赤地雲花襖、冒，行縢、鞋韈。 殳、叉以次相間。 左右領軍衞各一百六十人，左右武衞各一百人，左右威衞、左右驍衞、左右衞各八十人。 左右廂有主帥三十八人，平巾幘、緋裲襠、大口絝，執儀刀。 廂有左右衞各三人，左右驍衞、左右武衞、左右威衞、左右領軍衞各四人，以主殳仗，被豹文袍、冒； 領軍衞，師子文袍。 步甲隊從左右廂各四十八，前後皆二十四。 每隊折衝都尉一人主之，被繡袍。 每隊一人，戎服大袍，帶橫刀，執旗； 二人引，二人夾，皆戎服大袍，帶弓箭橫刀。 隊別三十人，被甲、臂韝、行縢、鞋韈。 每一隊鍪、甲、覆膊，執弓箭，一隊胡木鍪及毦、蜀鎧、覆膊，執刀、楯、𥎞相間。 第一隊，赤質鍪、甲，赤弓、箭，折衝都尉各一人主之，執鶡雞旗。 第二隊，赤質鍪、鎧，赤刀、楯、𥎞，果毅都尉各一人主之，執豹旗。 第三隊，青質鍪、甲，青弓、箭，折衝都尉各一人主之。 第四隊，青質鍪、鎧，青刀、楯、𥎞，果毅都尉各一人主之。 第五隊，黑質鍪、甲，黑弓、箭，左右威衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第六隊，黑質鍪、鎧，黑刀、楯、𥎞，果毅都尉各一人主之。 第七隊，白質鍪、甲，白弓、箭，左右武衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第八隊，白質鍪、鎧，白刀、楯、𥎞，果毅都尉各一人主之。 第九隊，黃質鍪、甲，黃弓、箭，左右驍衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第十隊，黃質鍪、鎧，黃刀、楯、𥎞，果毅都尉各一人主之。 第十一隊，黃質鍪、甲，黃弓、箭，左右衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第十二隊，黃質鍪、鎧，黃刀、楯、𥎞，果毅都尉各一人主之。 次後第一隊，黃質鍪、鎧，黃刀、楯、𥎞，左右衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 至第十二隊與前同。
There were also ji-staff guards and foot-armor companies, each under a inspecting general. Ji-staff guards fielded one thousand men per side box: two hundred fifty with ji-staves and two hundred fifty with forks, all in red-ground cloud-flower dress with leg-bindings, shoes, and socks. Ji-staves and forks alternated in the ranks. Army-inspector regiments contributed one hundred sixty each; Martial one hundred each; Majestic, Valiant, and Guards eighty each. Each side box had thirty-eight squad leaders in plain caps, scarlet cross-collars, wide trousers, and ceremonial swords. Side boxes assigned three Left and Right Guards and four from each Valiant, Martial, Majestic, and Army-inspector regiment to command ji-staff guards in leopard-pattern robes; Army-inspector officers wore lion-pattern robes. Foot-armor companies followed each side box with forty-eight men — twenty-four fore and twenty-four aft. Each company had an assault commandant in embroidered robes. One man per company in martial great robe with lateral sword bore the flag; two guided and two flanked, all in martial great robes with bow and lateral sword. Each thirty-man company wore armor, arm-guards, leg-bindings, shoes, and socks. Companies alternated: one in standard helmets and armor with bows; the next in barbarian-wood helmets, yak-tail, and Shu armor with sword, shield, and mace. Company one: scarlet helmets and armor with scarlet bows, each led by an assault commandant bearing egret-chicken flags. Company two: scarlet armor with scarlet blades and maces, each under a resolute commandant with leopard flags. Company three: blue helmets and armor with blue bows, each under an assault commandant. Company four: blue armor with blue blades and maces, each under a resolute commandant. Company five: black helmets and armor with black bows, commanded by Majestic assault commandants. Company six: black armor with black blades and maces, each under a resolute commandant. Company seven: white helmets and armor with white bows, commanded by Martial assault commandants. Company eight: white armor with white blades and maces, each under a resolute commandant. Company nine: yellow helmets and armor with yellow bows, commanded by Valiant assault commandants. Company ten: yellow armor with yellow blades and maces, each under a resolute commandant. Company eleven: yellow helmets and armor with yellow bows, commanded by Left and Right assault commandants. Company twelve: yellow armor with yellow blades and maces, each under a resolute commandant. The rear first company repeated yellow armor with blades and maces under Left and Right assault commandants. Companies two through twelve matched the forward array.
21
次左右金吾衞辟邪旗隊，折衝都尉各一人檢校。 又有清游隊、朱雀隊、玄武隊。 清游隊建白澤旗二，各一人執，帶橫刀； 二人引，二人夾，皆帶弓箭、橫刀。 左右金吾衞折衝都尉各一人，帶弓箭、橫刀，各領四十人，皆帶橫刀，二十人持矟，四人持弩，十六人帶弓箭。 朱雀隊建朱雀旗，一人執，引、夾皆二人，金吾衞折衝都尉一人主之，領四十人，二十人持矟，四人持弩，十六人帶弓箭，又二人持䂍矟，皆佩橫刀，䂍矟以黃金塗末。 龍旗十二，執者戎服大袍，副竿二，各一人執，戎服大袍，分左右，果毅都尉各一人主之。 大將軍各一人檢校二隊。 玄武隊建玄武旗，一人執，二人引，二人夾，平巾幘、黑裲襠、黑裌、大口絝，左右金吾衞折衝都尉各一人主之，各領五十人，持矟二十五人，持弩五人，帶弓箭二十人，又二人持䂍矟。 諸衞挾門隊、長槍隊與諸隊相間。
Next came the Golden Crow demon-quelling flag companies, each with an assault commandant. There were also Pure-roaming, Vermilion Bird, and Dark Warrior companies. The Pure-roaming company raised two White-ze flags, one bearer each with lateral sword; two guided and two flanked, all with bow and lateral sword. Each Golden Crow assault commandant led forty men with lateral swords — twenty with halberds, four with crossbows, sixteen with bows. The Vermilion Bird company bore its flag with two guides and two flankers under a Golden Crow assault commandant leading forty men — twenty halberds, four crossbows, sixteen bows — plus two gilded-halberds with gold-plated tips. Twelve dragon flags with bearers in martial great robes, each with two secondary-pole bearers left and right, under resolute commandants. A grand general inspected each pair of companies. The Dark Warrior company bore its flag with guides and flankers in black dress; each Golden Crow assault commandant led fifty men — twenty-five halberds, five crossbows, twenty bows — plus two gilded-halberds. Gate-flanking and long-spear companies from every guard regiment alternated through the formation.
22
朝日，殿上設黼扆、躡席、熏爐、香案。 御史大夫領屬官至殿西廡，從官朱衣傳呼，促百官就班，文武列於兩觀。 監察御史二人立於東西朝堂甎道以涖之。 平明，傳點畢，內門開。 監察御史領百官入，夾階，監門校尉二人執門籍，曰：「唱籍」。 既視籍，曰：「在」。 入畢而止。 次門亦如之。 序班於通乾、觀象門南，武班居文班之次。 入宣政門，文班自東門而入，武班自西門而入，至閤門亦如之。 夾階校尉十人同唱，入畢而止。 宰相、兩省官對班於香案前，百官班於殿庭左右，巡使二人分涖於鐘鼓樓下，先一品班，次二品班，次三品班，次四品班，次五品班。 每班，尚書省官為首。 武班供奉者立於橫街之北，次千牛中郎將，次千牛將軍，次過狀中郎將一人，次接狀中郎將一人，次押柱中郎將一人，次押柱中郎一人，次排階中郎將一人，次押散手仗中郎將一人，次左右金吾衞大將軍。 凡殿中省監、少監，尚衣、尚舍、尚輦奉御，分左右隨繖、扇而立。 東宮官居上臺官之次，王府官又次之，唯三太、三少、賓客、庶子、王傅隨本品。 侍中奏「外辦」，皇帝步出西序門，索扇，扇合。 皇帝升御座，扇開。 左右留扇各三。 左右金吾將軍一人奏「左右廂內外平安」。 通事舍人贊宰相兩省官再拜，升殿。 內謁者承旨喚仗，左右羽林軍勘以木契，自東西閤而入。 內侍省五品以上一人引之，左右衞大將軍、將軍各一人押之。 二十人以下入，則不帶仗。 三十人入，則左右廂監門各二人，千牛備身各四人，三衞各八人，金吾一人。 百人入，則左右廂監門各六人，千牛備身各四人，三衞三十三人，金吾七人。 二百人，則增以左右武衞、威衞、領軍衞、金吾衞、翊衞等。 凡仗入，則左右廂加一人監捉永巷，御刀、弓箭。 及三衞帶刀入，則曰「仗入」； 三衞不帶刀而入，則曰「監引入」。 朝罷，皇帝步入東序門，然後放仗。 內外仗隊，七刻乃下。 常參、輟朝日，六刻即下。 宴蕃客日，隊下，復立半仗於兩廊。 朔望受朝及蕃客辭見，加纛、矟隊，儀仗減半。 凡千牛仗立，則全仗立。 太陽虧，昏塵大霧，則內外諸門皆立仗。 泥雨，則延三刻傳點。
On audience days the hall displayed the ax-screen, tread mats, censers, and incense tables. The censor-in-chief led subordinates to the west wing while vermilion-robed attendants called officials to their stations; civil and military ranks lined the galleries. Two investigating censors oversaw from the east and west brick paths of the audience hall. At daybreak, when watch-points finished, the inner gates opened. Investigating censors led officials in along the steps while two gate captains called the register. After checking, they announced "Present." They ceased when entry was complete. The next gate followed the same procedure. Ranks formed south of Tongqian and Guanxiang gates, military after civil. At Xuanzheng Gate civil officials entered east, military west — the same at the pavilion gate. Ten step-flanking captains chanted in unison until entry ended. Chancellor and palace secretariat officials faced each other before the incense table; other officials ranked in the courtyard; patrol envoys oversaw by the bell tower — by rank from first to fifth. Within each rank, Department of State Affairs officials led. Military order: Service guards north of the cross street, then Thousand-Ox commandants and generals, petition and pillar escorts, step-ranking and Open-hand escorts, then Golden Crow grand generals. Palace Administration directors and imperial wardrobe, lodging, and carriage directors flanked the umbrellas and fans left and right. Eastern Palace officials followed upper-terrace ranks, then princely staff — except the Three Excellencies, Three Vice-Excellencies, guests, heirs-apparent tutors, and prince tutors, who kept their proper ranks. The attendant within announced outer preparations complete; the emperor stepped from the west side gate and called for fans to close. He ascended the throne and the fans opened. Three fans remained on each side. A Golden Crow general reported that inner and outer side boxes were secure. The Herald Within called chancellor and secretariat officials to bow again and ascend. Inner attendants summoned the guard; Forest Army checked wooden tallies and entered from east and west pavilions. A fifth-rank inner-service official led them, each flank escorted by Guard grand generals and generals. Parties of twenty or fewer entered without staves. Thirty men: two gate monitors per side box, four bodyguards, eight Three Guards, one Golden Crow each. One hundred men: six gate monitors, four bodyguards, thirty-three Three Guards, seven Golden Crow per side box. Two hundred added Martial, Majestic, Army-inspector, Golden Crow, and Assist guards. Whenever guards entered, each side box posted one monitor at the Eternal Lane with imperial sword and bow. Three Guards entering with swords were announced as "guard entering"; without swords as "supervised entry." After court the emperor entered the east side gate before the guard was dismissed. Inner and outer guard companies stood down at the seventh quarter-watch. On regular attendance or suspended-court days they stood down at the sixth quarter-watch. When entertaining foreign guests, after companies stood down half the guard re-formed in the corridors. On first- and fifteenth-day audiences and foreign leave-taking, great-banner and halberd companies were added while ceremonial guard was halved. When the Thousand-Ox guard stood, the full guard stood. During eclipse, dusk haze, or heavy fog every gate posted full guard. Rain and mud delayed watch transmission by three quarter-watches.
23
駕。
Imperial progress (jia).
24
大駕鹵簿。 天子將出，前二日，太樂令設宮縣之樂於庭。 晝漏上五刻，駕發。 前發七刻，擊一鼓為一嚴。 前五刻，擊二鼓為再嚴，侍中版奏「請中嚴」。 有司陳鹵簿。 前二刻，擊三鼓為三嚴，諸衞各督其隊與鈒、戟以次入陳殿庭。 通事舍人引羣官立朝堂，侍中、中書令以下奉迎於西階，侍中負寶，乘黃令進路於太極殿西階南向，千牛將軍一人執長刀立路前北向，黃門侍郎一人立侍臣之前，贊者二人。 既外辦，太僕卿攝衣而升，正立執轡。 天子乘輿以出，降自西階，曲直華蓋，警蹕，侍衞，千牛將軍前執轡，天子升路，太僕卿授綏，侍中、中書令以下夾侍。
Imperial great-escort procession. Two days before departure the Director of Imperial Music set palace music in the courtyard. At the fifth quarter-watch of daylight the escort departed. Seven quarter-watches before departure, one drumstroke marked the first strictness. Five quarter-watches before, two drumstrokes for the second strictness and the attendant within requested mid-strictness. Relevant offices arrayed the guard procession. Two quarter-watches before, three drumstrokes for third strictness; each guard regiment filed spear and halberd companies into the hall courtyard. The Herald Within positioned officials at the audience hall while the attendant within, chancellor, and secretariat head received at the west flight; the attendant bore the seal; the Yellow Carriage director set the route facing south at Taiji's west steps; a Thousand-Ox general with long sword stood north of the route; a vice chamberlain before the ministers; two announcers. When preparations were complete the Grand Master of Carriages straightened his robes, mounted, and held the reins standing. The emperor rode out, descended the west flight under flowered canopy with road clearance and attendants; a Thousand-Ox general held the reins; the emperor mounted; the Grand Master of Carriages offered the cord; attendant within and chancellor flanked him.
25
黃門侍郎前奏「請發」。 鑾駕動，警蹕，鼓傳音，黃門侍郎與贊者夾引而出，千牛將軍夾路而趨。 駕出承天門，侍郎乘馬奏「駕少留，敕侍臣乘馬」。 侍中前承制，退稱：「制曰可」。 黃門侍郎退稱：「侍臣乘馬。」 贊者承傳，侍臣皆乘。 侍衞之官各督其屬左右翊駕，在黃麾內。 符寶郎奉六寶與殿中後部從，在黃鉞內。 侍中、中書令以下夾侍路前，贊者在供奉官內。
The vice chamberlain forward requested departure. The palanquin moved with road clearance and drum signal; vice chamberlain and announcers guided out; Thousand-Ox generals flanked the route at pace. At Chengtian Gate the vice chamberlain mounted and reported a brief pause, decreeing ministers to mount. The attendant within received the decree and announced approval. The vice chamberlain withdrew and called: "Attending ministers mount horses." Announcers relayed; all attending ministers mounted. Attendant-guard officers each led their men left and right to assist the escort within the yellow-banner array. Tally-and-treasure officers bore the six imperial treasures with Palace Administration rear escorts inside the yellow battle-axe line. The attendant within, chancellor, and secretariat flanked the route; announcers walked among service officials.
26
侍臣乘畢，侍郎奏「請車右升」。 侍中前承制，退稱：「制曰可」。 侍郎復位，千牛將軍升。 侍郎奏「請發」。 萬年縣令先導，次京兆牧、太常卿、司徒、御史大夫、兵部尚書，皆乘路，鹵簿如本品。
Once ministers had mounted, the vice chamberlain requested the emperor mount on the carriage right. The attendant within received the decree and announced approval. The vice chamberlain resumed his post and the Thousand-Ox general mounted. The vice chamberlain requested departure. The Wannian magistrate led, followed by the metropolitan governor, Director of Sacrifices, Minister of Education, censor-in-chief, and Minister of War — each with guard arrays matching rank.
27
次清游隊。 次左右金吾衞大將軍各一人，帶弓箭橫刀，檢校龍旗以前朱雀等隊，各二人持䂍矟，騎夾。 次左右金吾衞果毅都尉各一人，帶弓箭橫刀，領夾道鐵甲佽飛。 次虞候佽飛四十八騎，平巾幘、緋裲襠、大口絝，帶弓箭、橫刀，夾道分左右，以屬黃麾仗。 次外鐵甲佽飛二十四人，帶弓箭、橫刀，甲騎具裝，分左右廂，皆六重，以屬步甲隊。
Next came the Pure-roaming company. Golden Crow grand generals with bow and lateral sword inspected dragon and Vermilion Bird companies ahead, each flanked by two mounted gilded-halberd bearers. Golden Crow resolute commandants led iron-armored yifei along the route. Forty-eight scout yifei in scarlet cross-collars flanked the route with bow and lateral sword under the yellow-banner guard. Twenty-four outer iron-armored yifei in full cavalry armor formed six tiers per side box under the foot-armor companies.
28
次朱雀隊。 次指南車、記里鼓車、白鷺車、鸞旗車、辟惡車、皮軒車，皆四馬，有正道匠一人，駕士十四人，皆平巾幘、大口絝、緋衫。 太卜令一人，居辟惡車，服如佽飛，執弓箭。 左金吾衞隊正一人，居皮軒車，服平巾幘、緋裲襠，銀裝儀刀，紫黃綬紛，執弩。 次引駕十二重，重二人，皆騎，帶橫刀。 自皮軒車後，屬於細仗前，矟、弓箭相間，左右金吾衞果毅都尉各一人主之。
Next the Vermilion Bird company. Next south-pointing, mile-drum, egret, luan-banner, demon-quelling, and leather-canopy carriages — each four-horse with one master craftsman and fourteen drivers in scarlet jackets. The Director of Divination rode the demon-quelling carriage dressed as yifei with bow. A Golden Crow squad leader rode the leather-canopy carriage with silver ceremonial sword and crossbow. Next twelve tiers of Imperial Escort, two mounted men per tier with lateral swords. From behind the leather-canopy carriage to before the fine guard, halberds and bows alternated under Golden Crow resolute commandants.
29
次鼓吹。 次黃麾仗一，執者武弁、朱衣、革帶，二人夾。 次殿中侍御史二人導。 次太史監一人，書令史一人，騎引相風、行漏輿。 次相風輿，正道匠一人，輿士八人，服如正道匠。 次掆鼓、金鉦，司辰、典事匠各一人，刻漏生四人，分左右。 次行漏輿，正道匠一人，輿士十四人。
Next the wind-and-percussion band. Next one yellow-banner guard section with bearers in martial caps, vermilion robes, and leather belts, two flanking each emblem. Two Palace attending censors guided next. The Director of Astronomy and a recording clerk mounted led the wind-indicating and clepsydra carriages. Next the wind-indicating carriage with one master craftsman and eight attendants. Next carrying-drums and golden gongs with timekeeper, ritual craftsmen, and four clepsydra students left and right. Next the clepsydra carriage with one master craftsman and fourteen attendants.
30
次持鈒前隊。 次御馬二十四，分左右，各二人馭。 次尚乘奉御二人，書令史二人，騎從。
Next the forward spear-bearer company. Twenty-four imperial horses followed, two per side with two drivers each. Two Directors of Horse Management and clerks mounted followed.
31
次左青龍右白虎旗，執者一人，服如正道匠，引、夾各二人，皆騎。 次左右衞果毅都尉各一人，各領二十五騎，二十人執矟，四人持弩，一人帶弓箭，行儀刀仗前。 次通事舍人，四人在左，四人在右。 侍御史，一人在左，一人在右。 御史中丞，一人在左，一人在右。 左拾遺一人在左，右拾遺一人在右。 左補闕一人在左，右補闕一人在右。 起居郎一人在左，起居舍人一人在右。 諫議大夫，一人在左，一人在右。 給事中二人在左，中書舍人二人在右。 黃門侍郎二人在左，中書侍郎二人在右。 左散騎常侍一人在左，右散騎常侍一人在右。 侍中二人在左，中書令二人在右。 通事舍人以下，皆一人從。 次香蹬一，有衣，繡以黃龍，執者四人，服如折衝都尉。
Azure Dragon left and White Tiger right flags followed, each with guides and flankers mounted. Guard resolute commandants each led twenty-five cavalry before the ceremonial-sword guard. The Herald Within: four left, four right. Attending censors one left, one right. Vice censor-in-chief one left, one right. Remonstrance officials one left, one right. Supplementers one left, one right. Diary-attendant left, diary-recorder right. Remonstrance grandees one left, one right. Attendants within two left, secretariat drafters two right. Vice chamberlains two left, secretariat vice ministers two right. Masters of Regular Attendance one left, one right. Two attendants within on the left, two chancellors on the right. From the Herald Within down, each official had one follower. Next an incense step embroidered with yellow dragon, borne by four men dressed as assault commandants.
32
次左右衞將軍二人，分左右，領班劍、儀刀，各一人從。 次班劍、儀刀，左右廂各十二行：第一左右衞親衞各五十三人，第二左右衞親衞各五十五人，第三左右衞勳衞各五十七人，第四左右衞勳衞各五十九人，各執金銅裝班劍，纁朱綬紛； 第五左右衞翊衞各六十一人，第六左右衞翊衞各六十三人，第七左右衞翊衞各六十五人，第八左右驍衞各六十七人，各執金銅裝儀刀，綠綟綬紛； 第九左右武衞翊衞各六十九人，第十左右威衞翊衞各七十一人，第十一左右領軍衞翊衞各七十三人，第十二左右金吾衞翊衞各七十五人，各執銀裝儀刀，紫黃綬紛。 自第一行有曲折三人陪後門，每行加一人，至第十二行曲折十四人。
Left and Right Guard generals led court and ceremonial swords with one follower each. Court and ceremonial swords: twelve rows per side box — Intimate Guards fifty-three to fifty-nine with gold-copper court swords and scarlet cords; Assist Guards sixty-one through Valiant sixty-seven with gold-copper ceremonial swords and green cords; Martial through Golden Crow Assist seventy-five with silver ceremonial swords and purple-yellow cords. From the first row three men curved behind the rear gate, adding one per row to fourteen at the twelfth.
33
次左右廂，諸衞中郎將主之，執班劍、儀刀，領親、勳、翊衞。 次左右衞郎將各一人，皆領散手翊衞三十人，佩橫刀，騎，居副仗矟翊衞內。 次左右驍衞郎將各一人，各領翊衞二十八人，甲騎具裝，執副仗矟，居散手衞外。 次左右衞供奉中郎將、郎將四人，各領親、勳、翊衞四十八人，帶橫刀，騎，分左右，居三衞仗內。
Side-box commandants led Intimate, Merit, and Assist Guards with court and ceremonial swords. Guard captains each led thirty mounted Open-hand Assist Guards with lateral swords within the auxiliary halberd guard. Valiant captains each led twenty-eight armored Assist Guards with auxiliary halberds outside the Open-hand Guard. Service commandants and captains each led forty-eight mounted Intimate, Merit, and Assist Guards within the Three Guards array.
34
次玉路，駕六馬，太僕卿馭之，駕士三十二人。 凡五路，皆有副。 駕士皆平巾幘、大口絝，衫從路色。 玉路，服青衫。 千牛衞將軍一人陪乘，執金裝長刀，左右衞大將軍各一人騎夾，皆一人從，居供奉官後。 次千牛衞將軍一人，中郎將二人，皆一人從。 次千牛備身、備身左右二人，騎，居玉路後，帶橫刀，執御刀、弓箭。 次御馬二，各一人馭。 次左右監門校尉二人，騎，執銀裝儀刀，居後門內。
Next the jade route with six horses driven by the Grand Master of Carriages and thirty-two drivers. All five imperial routes had deputy carriages. Drivers wore plain caps and wide trousers with jackets matching route color. Jade route drivers wore green. A Thousand-Ox general accompanied with gold long sword; Guard grand generals flanked behind service officials. Next a Thousand-Ox general and two commandants, each with a follower. Bodyguards mounted behind the jade route with lateral sword, imperial sword, and bow. Two imperial horses followed, one driver each. Two gate captains with silver ceremonial swords rode within the rear gate.
35
次衙門旗，二人執，四人夾，皆騎，赤綦襖、黃冒、黃袍。 次左右監門校尉各十二人，騎，執銀裝儀刀，督後門，十二行，仗頭皆一人。 次左右驍衞、翊衞各三隊，居副仗矟外。 次左右衞夾轂，廂各六隊。
Yamen gate flags: two bearers, four flankers, mounted in scarlet jackets with yellow covers and robes. Twelve gate captains per side supervised the rear gate in twelve rows. Valiant and Assist Guards posted three companies each outside auxiliary halberds. Guard carriage-flanking companies: six per side box.
36
次大繖二，執者騎，橫行，居衙門後。 次雉尾障扇四，執者騎，夾繖。 次腰輿，輿士八人。 次小團雉尾扇四，方雉尾扇十二，花蓋二，皆執者一人，夾腰輿。 自大繖以下，執者服皆如折衝都尉。 次掌輦四人，引輦。 次大輦一，主輦二百人，平巾幘、黃絲布衫、大口絝、紫誕帶、紫行縢、鞋韈。 尚輦奉御二人，主腰輿，各書令史二人騎從。
Two great umbrellas crossed ranks behind the yamen gate. Four pheasant-tail barrier fans flanked the umbrellas. Next a waist palanquin with eight bearers. Small and square pheasant-tail fans and flower canopies flanked the waist palanquin. From the great umbrellas down, bearers dressed as assault commandants. Four handlers guided the palanquin. One great palanquin with two hundred bearers in yellow silk and purple belts. Two palanquin directors supervised the waist palanquin with clerks following.
37
次殿中少監一人，督諸局供奉事，一人從。 次諸司供奉官。 次御馬二十四，各二人馭，分左右。 次尚乘直長二人，平巾幘、緋絝褶，書令史二人騎從，居御馬後。
A Palace vice-director supervised bureau service with one follower. Next came service officials from every bureau. Twenty-four imperial horses followed, two drivers each, left and right. Horse-management chiefs and clerks followed the imperial horses.
38
次後持鈒隊。 次大繖二，雉尾扇八，夾繖左右橫行。 次小雉尾扇、朱畫團扇，皆十二，左右橫行。 次花蓋二，叉二。 次俾倪十二，左右橫行。 次玄武幢一，叉一，居絳麾內。 次絳麾二，左右夾玄武幢。 次細矟十二，孔雀為毦，左右橫行，居絳麾後。 自鈒、戟以下，執者服如黃麾仗，唯玄武幢執者服如罕、畢。
Next the rear spear-bearer company. Two great umbrellas and eight pheasant-tail fans crossed ranks behind. Small pheasant-tail and vermilion round fans crossed ranks left and right. Two flower canopies and two forks followed. Twelve parasol-screens crossed the ranks. One Dark Warrior banner and fork stood within the scarlet banners. Two scarlet banners flanked the Dark Warrior banner. Twelve fine halberds with peacock pennants crossed behind the scarlet banners. Spear and halberd bearers dressed like the yellow-banner guard; Dark Warrior banner bearers like Han and Bi bearers.
39
次後黃麾，執者一人，夾二人，皆騎。 次殿中侍御史二人，分左右，各令史二人騎從，居黃麾後。 次大角。 次方輦一，主輦二百人。 次小輦一，主輦六十人。 次小輿一，奉輿十二人，服如主輦。 次尚輦直長二人，分左右，檢校輦輿，皆書令史二人騎從。 次左右武衞五牛旗輿五，赤青居左，黃居中，白黑居右，皆八人執之，平巾幘、大口絝，衫從旗色，左右威衞隊正各一人主之，騎，執銀裝長刀。
The rear yellow banner had one bearer and two flankers, all mounted. Attending censors and clerks followed the rear yellow banner. Next the great horns. One square palanquin with two hundred bearers. One small palanquin with sixty bearers. One small litter with twelve bearers dressed like palanquin bearers. Palanquin chiefs inspected carriages with clerks following. Five Five-Ox flag litters with eight color-matched bearers each under Majestic squad leaders with silver long swords.
40
次乘黃令一人，丞一人，分左右，檢校玉路，皆府史二人騎從。 次金路、象路、革路、木路，皆駕六馬，駕士三十二人。 次五副路，皆駕四馬，駕士二十八人。 次耕根車，駕六馬，駕士三十二人。 次安車、四望車，皆駕四馬，駕士二十四人。 次羊車，駕果下馬一，小史十四人。 次屬車十二乘，駕牛，駕士各八人。 次門下、中書、祕書、殿中四省局官各一人，騎，分左右夾屬車，各五人從，唯符寶以十二人從。 次黃鉞車，上建黃鉞，駕二馬，左武衞隊正一人在車，駕士十二人。 次豹尾車，駕二馬，右武衞隊正一人在車，駕士十二人。
Yellow Carriage director and vice-director inspected the jade route with clerks. Gold, elephant, leather, and wood routes followed, each six-horse with thirty-two drivers. Five deputy routes, each four-horse with twenty-eight drivers. Next the plowing-root carriage with six horses and thirty-two drivers. Repose and four-observation carriages followed, four-horse with twenty-four drivers each. Last the sheep carriage drawn by one pony with fourteen junior clerks. Twelve ox-drawn attendant carriages followed, eight drivers each. Bureau officials from four ministries flanked the attendant carriages with five followers each — twelve for tally-and-treasure. The yellow battle-axe carriage bore the imperial axe with a Martial squad leader and twelve drivers. The leopard-tail carriage had a Martial squad leader and twelve drivers.
41
次左右威衞折衝都尉各一人，各領掩後二百人步從，五十人為行，大戟五十人，刀、楯、𥎞五十人，弓箭五十人，弩五十人，皆黑鍪、甲、覆膊、臂韝，橫行。 次左右領軍衞將軍二人，領步甲隊及殳仗，各二人執䂍矟從。 次前後左右廂步甲隊。 次左右廂黃麾仗。 次左右廂殳仗。
Majestic assault commandants each led two hundred rear-screen infantry in four fifty-man ranks of halberds, blades, bows, and crossbows in black armor. Army-inspector generals led foot-armor and ji-staff companies with gilded-halberd escorts. Foot-armor companies from all four side boxes followed. Yellow-banner guards from both side boxes followed. Ji-staff guards from both side boxes followed.
42
次諸衞馬隊，左右廂各二十四。 自十二旗後，屬於玄武隊，前後有主帥以下四十人，皆戎服大袍，二人引旗，一人執，二人夾，二十人執矟，餘佩弩、弓箭。 第一辟邪旗，左右金吾衞折衝都尉各一人主之，皆戎服大袍，佩弓箭、橫刀，騎。 第二應龍旗，第三玉馬旗，第四三角獸旗，左右領軍衞果毅都尉各一人主之。 第五黃龍負圖旗，第六黃鹿旗，左右威衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第七飛麟旗，第八駃騠旗，第九鸞旗，左右武衞果毅都尉各一人主之。 第十鳳旗，第十一飛黃旗，左右驍衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第十二麟旗，第十三角端旗，以當御，第十四赤熊旗，左右衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第十五兕旗，第十六太平旗，左右驍衞果毅都尉各一人主之。 第十七犀牛旗，第十八鵔鸃旗，第十九騼䮷旗，左右武衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 第二十騶牙旗，第二十一蒼烏旗，左右威衞果毅都尉各一人主之。 第二十二白狼旗，第二十三龍馬旗，第二十四金牛旗，左右領軍衞折衝都尉各一人主之。 其服皆如第一。
Cavalry companies from every guard: twenty-four per side box. After the twelve flags, forty-man companies in martial great robes with flag bearers and halberds subordinated to the Dark Warrior company. First the demon-quelling flag under Golden Crow assault commandants, mounted in martial dress with bow and lateral sword. Second Responsive Dragon, third Jade Horse, fourth Triangular Beast under Army-inspector resolute commandants. Fifth Yellow Dragon Bearing-the-Chart and sixth Yellow Deer under Majestic assault commandants. Seventh Flying Unicorn, eighth piebald camel, ninth Luan under Martial resolute commandants. Tenth Phoenix and eleventh Flying Yellow under Valiant assault commandants. Twelfth Unicorn, thirteenth Horn-tip as imperial-facing, fourteenth Red Bear under Left and Right assault commandants. Fifteenth rhinoceros and sixteenth Great Peace under Valiant resolute commandants. Seventeenth through nineteenth exotic flags under Martial assault commandants. Twentieth Zouya and twenty-first Dark Raven under Majestic resolute commandants. Twenty-second through twenty-fourth under Army-inspector assault commandants. All wore dress like the first company.
43
次玄武隊。 次衙門一，居玄武隊前、大戟隊後，執者二人，夾四人，皆騎，分左右，赤綦襖，黃袍，黃冒。 次衙門左右廂，廂有五門，執、夾人同上。 第一門，居左右威衞黑質步甲隊之後，白質步甲隊之前。 第二門，居左右衞步甲隊之後，左右領軍衞黃麾仗之前。 第三門，居左右武衞黃麾仗之後，左右驍衞黃麾仗之前。 第四門，居左右領軍衞黃麾仗之後，左右衞步甲隊之前。 第五門，居左右武衞白質步甲隊之後，黑質步甲隊之前。 五門別當步甲隊黃麾仗前、馬隊後，各六人分左右，戎服大袍，帶弓箭、橫刀。
Next the Dark Warrior company. One yamen gate stood between Dark Warrior and great-halberd companies with mounted bearers in scarlet and yellow. Side-box yamen gates: five per box with the same bearers and flankers. First gate: between Majestic black and white foot-armor companies. Second gate: between Guard foot-armor and Army-inspector yellow-banner guard. Third gate: between Martial and Valiant yellow-banner guards. Fourth gate: between Army-inspector yellow-banner and Guard foot-armor. Fifth gate: between Martial white and black foot-armor. At each gate six men in martial dress with bow and lateral sword stood between foot-armor and cavalry.
44
凡衙門皆監門校尉六人，分左右，執銀裝長刀，騎。 左右監門衞大將軍、將軍、中郎將，廂各巡行。 校尉二人，往來檢校諸門。 中郎將各一人騎從。 左右金吾衞將軍循仗檢校，各二人執䂍矟騎從。 左右金吾衞果毅都尉二人，糾察仗內不法，各一人騎從。
Every yamen gate had six mounted gate captains with silver long swords. Gate Guard grand generals, generals, and commandants patrolled each side box. Two captains circulated inspecting every gate. A commandant mounted followed each. Golden Crow generals patrolled the array, each with two mounted gilded-halberd escorts. Golden Crow resolute commandants investigated breaches within the guard, each with a mounted follower.
45
駕所至，路南向，將軍降立于路右，侍中前奏「請降路」。 天子降，乘輿而入，繖、扇、華蓋，侍衞。
At arrival the road faced south; generals dismounted right while the attendant within requested the emperor descend. The emperor descended and entered by palanquin with umbrellas, fans, canopy, and attendants.
46
駕還，一刻，擊一鼓為一嚴，仗衞還於塗。 三刻，擊二鼓為再嚴，將士布隊仗，侍中奏「請中嚴」。 五刻，擊三鼓為三嚴，黃門侍郎奏「請駕發」。 鼓傳音，駕發，鼓吹振作。 入門，太樂令命擊蕤賓之鍾，左五鍾皆應。 鼓柷，奏采茨之樂。 至太極門，戛敔，樂止。 既入，鼓柷，奏太和之樂。 回路南向，侍中請降路，乘輿乃入，繖、扇，侍御，警蹕如初。 至門，戛敔，樂止。 皇帝入，侍中版奏「請解嚴」。 叩鉦，將士皆休。
On return, one drumstroke at the first quarter-watch marked first strictness as guards returned to the road. At the third quarter-watch two drumstrokes marked second strictness; soldiers formed ranks and the attendant within requested mid-strictness. At the fifth quarter-watch three drumstrokes marked third strictness and the vice chamberlain requested departure. Drums signaled departure and the wind-and-percussion band struck up. Entering the gate, the Director of Music struck the Ruibin bell and the left five bells answered. The sounding-stone drummed and the Caici suite played. At Taiji Gate the clapper sounded and music ceased. Inside, the sounding-stone drummed again for the Taihe suite. Turning south, the attendant within requested descent; the palanquin entered with umbrellas, fans, attendants, and road clearance as before. At the gate the clapper sounded and music stopped. The emperor entered; the attendant within requested release of strictness. The gong sounded and the soldiers stood down.
47
__FORCETOC__太皇太后、皇太后、皇后出，尚儀版奏「請中嚴」。 尚服率司仗布侍衞，司賓列內命婦於庭，西嚮北上，六尚以下詣室奉迎，尚服負寶，內僕進車於閤外，尚儀版奏「外辦」。 馭者執轡，太皇太后乘輿以出，華蓋，侍衞，警蹕，內命婦從。
__FORCETOC__When the Grand Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, or Empress departed, the Director of Palace Etiquette requested mid-strictness. The Director of Wardrobe deployed attendant guards; the Director of Guests ranked inner titled ladies west-facing in the north courtyard; directors of the six bureaus received them from their chambers; the Director of Wardrobe bore the seal; inner stewards brought the carriage to the gate; the Director of Etiquette announced outer preparations complete. The driver held the reins as the Grand Empress Dowager rode out under flowered canopy with attendants, road clearance, and inner titled ladies following.
48
出門，太皇太后升車，從官皆乘馬，內命婦、宮人以次從。 清游隊，旗一，執者一人，佩橫刀，引、夾皆二人，佩弓箭、橫刀，騎。 次金吾衞折衝都尉一人，佩橫刀、弓箭； 領騎四十，亦佩橫刀，夾折衝； 執矟二十人，持弩四人，佩弓箭十六人，持䂍矟、刀二人。 次虞候佽飛二十八人，騎，佩弓箭、橫刀，夾道分左右，以屬黃麾仗。
Outside the gate she mounted; followers mounted; inner titled ladies and palace women followed in order. The Pure-roaming company bore one flag with guides and flankers mounted, all with bow and lateral sword. Next a Golden Crow assault commandant with lateral sword and bow; leading forty cavalry with lateral swords flanking him; twenty with halberds, four crossbows, sixteen with bows, two with gilded-halberd and sword. Twenty-eight scout yifei flanked the route under the yellow-banner guard.
49
次內僕令一人在左，丞一人在右，各書令史二人騎從。 次黃麾一，執者一人，夾道二人，皆騎。 次左右廂黃麾仗，廂皆三行，行百人。 第一短戟，五色氅，執者黃地白花綦襖、冒。 第二戈，五色氅，執者赤地黃花綦襖、冒。 第三鍠，五色旛，執者青地赤花綦襖、冒。 左右衞、左右威衞、左右武衞、左右驍衞、左右領軍衞各三行，行二十人，每衞以主帥六人主之，皆豹文袍、冒，執鍮石裝長刀，騎，唯左右領軍衞減三人。 每衞果毅都尉一人，被繡袍，各一人從； 左右領軍衞有絳引幡，引前者三，掩後者三。
Inner steward director and vice-director followed with clerks. One yellow banner with bearer and two flankers mounted. Yellow-banner guards: three rows of one hundred per side box. Row one: short halberds with five-colored pennants, yellow-ground white-flower dress. Row two: dagger-axes, scarlet-ground yellow-flower dress. Row three: bells, blue-ground scarlet-flower dress. Each guard contributed three rows of twenty with six mounted commanders in leopard-pattern robes and bronze long swords — Army-inspector minus three. Each guard had a resolute commandant in embroidered robes with one follower; Army-inspector posted scarlet guide-banners — three leading, three screening.
50
次內謁者監四人，給事二人，內常侍二人，內侍少監二人，騎，分左右，皆有內給使一人從。 次內給使百二十人，平巾幘、大口絝、緋裲襠，分左右，屬於宮人車。
Inner attendants, petitioners, regular attendants, and vice-directors mounted left and right, each with an inner steward follower. One hundred twenty inner stewards in scarlet cross-collars flanked the palace women's carriages.
51
次偏扇、團扇、方扇皆二十四，宮人執之，衣綵大袖裙襦、綵衣、革帶、履，分左右。 次香蹬一，內給使四人輿之，居重翟車前。
Palace women bore twenty-four each of partial, round, and square fans in colored court dress left and right. An incense step borne by four inner stewards preceded the heavy pheasant carriage.
52
次重翟車，駕四馬，駕士二十四人。 次行障六，次坐障三，皆左右夾車，宮人執之，服同執扇。 次內寺伯二人，領寺人六人，執御刀，服如內給使，夾重翟車。 次腰輿一，執者八人，團雉尾扇二，夾輿。 次大繖四。 次雉尾扇八，左右橫行，為二重。 次錦花蓋二，單行。 次小雉尾扇、朱畫團扇皆十二，橫行。 次錦曲蓋二十，橫行，為二重。 次錦六柱八，分左右。 自腰輿以下，皆內給使執之。
The heavy pheasant carriage followed with four horses and twenty-four drivers. Walking and sitting screens flanked the carriage, borne by palace women dressed as fan-bearers. Two chief stewards led six temple men with imperial swords flanking the heavy pheasant carriage. A waist palanquin with eight bearers and two round pheasant-tail fans. Four great umbrellas followed. Eight pheasant-tail fans crossed in two tiers. Two brocade flower canopies in single rank. Small pheasant-tail and vermilion round fans crossed the ranks twelve each. Twenty brocade curved canopies crossed in two tiers. Eight brocade six-pillar canopies left and right. From the waist palanquin down, inner stewards bore everything.
53
次宮人車。 次絳麾二，分左右。 次後黃麾一，執者一人，夾二人，皆騎。 次供奉宮人，在黃麾後。
Palace women's carriages followed. Two scarlet banners left and right. One rear yellow banner with bearer and two flankers mounted. Service palace women followed the yellow banner.
54
次厭翟車、翟車、安車，皆駕四馬，駕士各二十四人； 四望車，駕士二十二人； 金根車，駕牛，駕士十二人。
Pressed-pheasant, pheasant, and repose carriages followed, four-horse with twenty-four drivers each; four-observation carriage with twenty-two drivers; golden-root carriage ox-drawn with twelve drivers.
55
次左右廂衙門各二，每門二人執，四人夾，皆赤綦襖，黃袍、冒，騎。
Two yamen gates per side box with mounted bearers in scarlet and yellow.
56
次左右領軍衞，廂皆一百五十人，執殳，赤地黃花綦襖、冒，前屬於黃麾仗，後盡鹵簿； 廂各主帥四人主之，皆黃袍、冒，執鍮石裝長刀，騎； 折衝都尉二人，檢校殳仗，皆一人騎從。 次衙門一，盡鹵簿後殳仗內正道，每門監門校尉二人主之，執銀裝長刀； 廂各有校尉一人，騎，佩銀橫刀，往來檢校。 御馬減大駕之半。
Army-inspector: one hundred fifty ji-staff bearers per side box in scarlet-yellow dress from yellow-banner van to array rear; four commanders per side box in yellow robes with bronze long swords; two assault commandants inspected the ji-staff guard with mounted followers. One yamen gate at the array's end within the rear ji-staff guard, each with two gate captains bearing silver long swords; each side box had a mounted captain with silver lateral sword on inspection rounds. Imperial horses were half the great-escort complement.
57
太皇太后將還，三嚴，內典引引外命婦出次，就位； 司賓引內命婦出次，序立大次之前。 既外辦，馭者執轡。 太皇太后乘輿出次，華蓋、警蹕、侍衞如初。 內命婦以下乘車以從。 車駕入，內典引引外命婦退，駕至正殿門外，車駕南嚮，尚儀前奏「請降車」。 將士還。
On return three strictnesses were observed; inner protocol led outer titled ladies to their stations; the Director of Guests ranked inner titled ladies before the great tent. When preparations were complete the driver held the reins. The Grand Empress Dowager rode to the staging area under canopy with road clearance and attendants as before. Inner titled ladies and below followed in carriages. On entry inner protocol withdrew outer titled ladies; at the main hall gate the carriage faced south and the Director of Etiquette requested descent. The soldiers returned to quarters.
58
皇太子出，則鹵簿陳於重明門外。 其日三刻，宮臣皆集於次，左庶子版奏「請中嚴」。 典謁引宮臣就位，侍衞官服其器服，左庶子負璽詣閤奉迎，僕進車若輦於西閤外，南嚮，內率一人執刀立車前，北嚮，中允一人立侍臣之前，贊者二人立中允之前。 前二刻，諸衞之官詣閤奉迎，宮臣應從者各出次，立於門外，文東武西，重行北嚮北上。
When the Crown Prince departed, the guard array formed outside Chongming Gate. On departure day at the third quarter-watch palace officials assembled; the Left Heir Apparent requested mid-strictness. The Director of Audiences placed officials; guards donned equipment; the Left Heir Apparent bore the seal to the pavilion; stewards brought the carriage south-facing outside the west gate with an inner rate sword-bearer north of the carriage, a palace aide before the ministers, and two announcers before him. Two quarter-watches before, guard officers reported to the pavilion; following palace officials took second positions outside — civil east, military west, double ranks facing north.
59
左庶子版奏「外辦」，僕升正位執轡，皇太子乘輿而出，內率前執轡，皇太子升車，僕立授綏，左庶子以下夾侍。 中允奏「請發」，車動，贊者夾引而出，內率夾車而趨，出重明門，中允奏「請停車，侍臣上馬」。 左庶子前承令，退稱：「令曰諾」。 中允退稱：「侍臣上馬。」 贊者承傳，侍臣皆騎。 中允奏「請車右升」。 左庶子前承令，退稱：「令曰諾」。 內率升訖，中允奏「請發」。 車動，鼓吹振作，太傅乘車訓導，少傅乘車訓從。
The Left Heir Apparent announced completion; the steward held the reins as the Crown Prince rode out, mounted, and received the cord while heir-apparent officials flanked him. The palace aide requested departure; announcers guided out; at Chongming Gate he requested a halt for ministers to mount. The Left Heir Apparent received the order and announced approval. The palace aide withdrew and called: "Attending ministers mount horses." Announcers relayed; all ministers mounted. The palace aide requested the Crown Prince mount on the carriage right. The Left Heir Apparent again announced approval. Once the inner rate had mounted, the palace aide requested departure. The carriage moved with martial music; the Grand Tutor's carriage led instruction and the Junior Tutor's followed.
60
出延喜門，家令先導，次率更令、詹事、太保、太傅、太師，皆軺車，備鹵簿。
Exiting Yanxi Gate, the household director led, followed by the Director of Revisions, crown prince steward, grand mentor, grand tutor, and grand preceptor in light carriages with full arrays.
61
次清游隊，旗一，執者一人，佩橫刀，引、夾皆二人，亦佩弓箭、橫刀，騎。 次清道率府折衝都尉一人，佩弓箭、橫刀，領騎三十，亦佩橫刀，十八人執矟，九人挾弓箭，三人持弩，各二人騎從。 次左右清道率府率各一人，騎，佩橫刀、弓箭，領清道直盪及檢校清游隊各二人，執䂍矟騎從。 次外清道直盪二十四人，騎，佩弓箭、橫刀，夾道。
The Pure-roaming company followed with one flag and mounted guides and flankers bearing bow and lateral sword. A Clear-path assault commandant led thirty cavalry with halberds, bows, and crossbows, two mounted followers each. Clear-path directors each led straight guards and Pure-roaming inspectors with gilded-halberd escorts. Twenty-four outer Clear-path straight guards flanked the route mounted with bow and lateral sword.
62
次龍旗六，各一人騎執，佩橫刀，戎服大袍，橫行正道，每旗前後二人騎，為二重，前引後護，皆佩弓箭、橫刀，戎服大袍。 次副竿二，分左右，各一人騎執。 次細引六重，皆騎，佩橫刀，每重二人。 自龍旗後屬於細仗，矟、弓箭相間，廂各果毅都尉一人主之。
Six dragon flags crossed the main road with two-tier mounted escorts in martial dress. Two secondary poles followed, one bearer each side. Six tiers of fine escort, two mounted men per tier with lateral swords. From behind the dragon flags to the fine guard, halberds and bows alternated under resolute commandants.
63
次率更丞一人，府、史二人騎從，領鼓吹。 次誕馬十，分左右，執者各二人。 次廄牧令一人居左，丞一人居右，各府、史二人騎從。
A Revisions vice-director and clerks led the wind-and-percussion band. Ten presentation horses followed, two handlers each side. Stables director and vice-director followed with clerks.
64
次左右翊府郎將二人，主班劍。 次左右翊衞二十四人，執班劍，分左右。 次通事舍人四人、司直二人、文學四人、洗馬二人，司議郎二人居左，太子舍人二人居右，中允二人居左，中舍人二人居右，左右諭德二人，左右庶子四人，騎，分左右，皆一人從。 次左右衞率府副率二人步從。
Assist Office captains commanded the court swords. Twenty-four Assist guards bore court swords left and right. Herald, rectifier, scholars, stirrup-groom, secretaries, aides, counselors, and heir-apparent officials followed mounted with one follower each. Guard Rate vice-directors walked behind.
65
次親、勳、翊衞，廂各中郎將、郎將一人，皆領儀刀六行：第一親衞二十三人，第二親衞二十五人，皆執金銅裝儀刀，纁朱綬紛； 第三勳衞二十七人，第四勳衞二十九人，皆執銀裝儀刀，綠綟紛； 第五翊衞三十一人，第六翊衞三十三人，皆執鍮石裝儀刀，紫黃綬紛。 自第一行有曲折三人陪後門，每行加一人，至第六行八人。 次三衞十八人，騎，分左右夾路。
Intimate, Merit, and Assist guards each supplied commandants leading six rows of ceremonial swords from twenty-three Intimate guards with gold-copper blades and scarlet cords; Merit guards twenty-seven to twenty-nine with silver blades and green cords; Assist guards thirty-one to thirty-three with bronze blades and purple-yellow cords. From three rear-gate escorts in the first row to eight in the sixth. Eighteen Three Guards flanked the route mounted.
66
次金路，駕四馬，駕士二十三人，僕寺僕馭，左右率府率二人執儀刀陪乘。 次左右衞率府率二人，夾路，各一人從，居供奉官後。 次左右內率府率二人，副率二人，領細刀、弓箭，皆一人從。 次千牛，騎，執細刀、弓箭。 次三衞儀刀仗，後開衙門。 次左右監門率府直長各六人，執鍮石儀刀，騎，監後門。 次左右衞率府，廂各翊衞二隊，皆騎，在執儀刀行外； 壓角隊各三十人，騎，佩橫刀，一人執旗，二人引，二人夾，十五人執矟，七人佩弓箭，三人佩弩，隊各郎將一人主之。
The gold route followed with four horses, twenty-three drivers, and rate directors bearing ceremonial swords alongside. Guard rate directors flanked the route behind service officials. Inner rate directors and vice-directors led fine swords and bows with one follower each. Thousand-Ox guards followed mounted with fine sword and bow. Three Guards ceremonial-sword array opened the rear yamen gate. Gate-rate straight chiefs supervised the rear gate with bronze swords. Each guard rate side box posted two mounted Assist companies outside the ceremonial-sword rows; corner companies of thirty mounted men with flags, halberds, bows, and crossbows under captains.
67
次繖，二人執，雉尾扇四，夾繖。 次腰輿一，執者八人，團雉尾扇二，小方雉尾扇八，以夾腰輿，內直郎二人主之，各令史二人騎從。 次誕馬十，分左右，馭者各二人。 次典乘二人，各府、史二人騎從。 次左右司禦率府校尉二人騎從，佩鍮石裝儀刀，領團扇、曲蓋。 次朱漆團扇六，紫曲蓋六，各橫行。 次諸司供奉。 次左右清道率府校尉二人，騎，佩鍮石裝儀刀，主大角。
Two umbrella bearers and four pheasant-tail fans followed. A waist palanquin with fans flanked by inner straight gentlemen and clerks. Ten presentation horses with two drivers each side. Two carriage directors followed with clerks. Imperial carriage rate captains led round fans and curved canopies. Six vermilion round fans and six purple curved canopies crossed the ranks. Service officials from every bureau followed. Clear-path captains commanded the great horns.
68
次副路，駕四馬，駕士二十二人； 軺車，駕一馬，駕士十四人； 四望車，駕一馬，駕士十人。
Deputy route: four horses, twenty-two drivers; light carriage: one horse, fourteen drivers; four-observation carriage: one horse, ten drivers.
69
次左右廂步隊十六，每隊果毅都尉一人，領騎三十人，戎服大袍，佩橫刀，一人執旗，二人引，二人夾，二十五人佩弓箭，前隊持矟，與佩弓箭隊以次相間。 次左右司禦率府副率各一人，騎，檢校步隊，二人執䂍矟騎從。
Sixteen foot companies per side: each resolute commandant led thirty mounted men with halberd and bow companies alternating. Imperial carriage vice-directors inspected foot companies with gilded-halberd escorts.
70
次儀仗，左右廂各六色，每色九行，行六人，赤綦襖、冒，行縢、鞋韈。 第一戟，赤氅，六人； 第二弓箭，六人； 第三儀鋋，毦，六人； 第四刀楯，六人； 第五儀鍠，五色旛，六人； 第六油戟，六人。 次前仗首，左右廂各六色，每色三行，行六人，左右司禦率府二人，果毅都尉各一人，主帥各六人主之； 次左右廂各六色，每色三行，行六人，左右衞率府副率二人，果毅都尉各一人，主帥各六人主之。 左右司禦率府主帥各六人騎護後，率及副率各一人步從。 廂有絳引旛十二，引前者六，引後者六。 廂各有獨揭鼓六重，重二人，居儀仗外、殳仗內，皆赤綦襖、冒，行縢、鞋韈。 左右司禦率府四重，左右衞率府二重。
Ceremonial guard: six colors per side box, nine rows of six in scarlet-pattern dress. Color one: halberds with scarlet pennants, six men; two: bows and arrows, six; three: ceremonial war-clubs with yak-tail, six; four: swords and shields, six; five: ceremonial bells with five-colored banners, six; six: oiled halberds, six. Forward guard head: three rows of six per color under imperial carriage rate officers; then the same under guard rate vice-directors and resolute commandants. Six imperial carriage commanders protected the rear mounted; directors walked behind. Each side box posted twelve scarlet guide-banners — six forward, six rear. Solo drum teams of six tiers stood between ceremonial and ji-staff guards in scarlet dress. Imperial carriage rate: four drum tiers; guard rate: two.
71
次左右廂皆百五十人，左右司禦率府各八十六人，左右衞率府各六十四人，赤綦襖、冒，主殳，分前後，居步隊外、馬隊內。 各司禦率府果毅都尉一人主之，各一人騎從。 廂各主帥七人，左右司禦率府各四人，左右衞率府各三人，騎，分前後。
One hundred fifty ji-staff bearers per side box — eighty-six imperial carriage, sixty-four guard — between foot and cavalry. Each imperial carriage resolute commandant commanded with one mounted follower. Seven commanders per side box — four imperial carriage, three guard — mounted fore and aft.
72
次左右廂馬隊，廂各十隊，隊有主帥以下三十一人，戎服大袍，佩橫刀，騎。 隊有旗一，執者一人，引、夾各二人，皆佩弓箭，十六人持矟，七人佩弓箭，三人佩弩。 第一，左右清道率府果毅都尉二人主之。 第二、第三、第四，左右司禦率府果毅都尉二人主之。 第五、第六、第七，左右衞率府果毅都尉主之。 第八、第九、第十，左右司禦率府果毅都尉二人主之。 皆戎服大袍，佩弓箭、橫刀。
Ten cavalry companies per side box of thirty-one mounted men in martial dress. Each company had flag bearers, guides, sixteen halberds, seven bows, three crossbows. First company: Clear-path resolute commandants. Second through fourth: imperial carriage resolute commandants. Fifth through seventh: guard rate resolute commandants. Eighth through tenth: imperial carriage resolute commandants again. All in martial dress with bow and lateral sword.
73
次後拒隊，旗一，執者佩橫刀，引、夾路各二人，佩弓箭、橫刀。 次清道率府果毅都尉一人，領四十騎，佩橫刀，凡執矟二十人，佩弓箭十六人，佩弩四人，騎從。 次後拒隊，前當正道殳仗內，有衙門。 次左右廂各有衙門三：第一，當左右司禦率府步隊後，左右衞率府步隊前； 第二，當左右衞率府步隊後，左右司禦率府儀仗前； 第三，當左右司禦率府儀仗後，左右衞率府步隊前。 每門二人執，四人夾，皆騎，赤綦襖，黃袍、冒。 門有監門率府直長二人檢校，左右監門率府副率各二人檢校諸門，各一人騎從。
Rear-screen company with flag, guides, and flankers with bow and lateral sword. A Clear-path resolute commandant led forty rear cavalry with halberds, bows, and crossbows. Another rear-screen company; a yamen gate stood on the main road within the ji-staff guard. Three yamen gates per side box: first between imperial carriage and guard foot companies; second between guard foot and imperial carriage ceremonial guard; third between imperial carriage ceremonial guard and guard foot companies. Each gate: two bearers, four flankers, mounted in scarlet and yellow. Gate-rate straight chiefs and vice-directors inspected every gate with mounted followers.
74
次左右清道率府、副率各二人，檢校仗內不法，各一人騎從。 次少師、少傅、少保，正道乘路，備鹵簿，文武以次從。
Clear-path directors and vice-directors policed the array with mounted followers. Junior mentor, tutor, and guardian rode the main route with full arrays; civil and military followed in order.
75
皇太子所至，回車南嚮，左庶子跪奏「請降路」。
At arrival the carriage turned south; the Left Heir Apparent requested descent.
76
還宮，一嚴，轉仗衞於還塗。 再嚴，左庶子版奏「請中嚴」。 三嚴，僕進車，左庶子版奏「外辦」。 皇太子乘輿出門外，降輿，乘車，左庶子請車右升，侍臣皆騎，車動，至重明門，宮官下馬，皇太子乘車而入，太傅、少傅還。 皇太子至殿前，車南嚮，左庶子奏「請降」，皇太子乘輿而入，侍臣從至閤，左庶子版奏「解嚴」。
On return one strictness transferred the guard to the return route. Second strictness: the Left Heir Apparent requested mid-strictness. Third strictness: the steward brought the carriage and the Left Heir Apparent announced completion. The Crown Prince descended to his carriage, ministers mounted, and at Chongming Gate palace officials dismounted as he entered; tutors returned. Before the hall the Left Heir Apparent requested descent; the Crown Prince entered by palanquin with ministers to the pavilion, then strictness was released.
77
若常行、常朝，無馬隊、鼓吹、金路、四望車、家令、率更令、詹事、太保、太師、少保、少師，又減隊仗三之一，清道、儀刀、誕馬皆減半，乘軺車而已。 二傅乘犢車，導從十人，太傅加清道二人。
Regular progress and court omitted cavalry, music, gold route, four-observation carriage, senior mentors, and halved Clear-path, ceremonial swords, and presentation horses — light carriages only, companies reduced by one-third. Both tutors rode calf carriages with ten escorts; the Grand Tutor added two Clear-path men.
78
皇太子妃鹵簿。 清道率府校尉六人，騎，分左右為三重，佩橫刀、弓箭。 次青衣十人，分左右。 次導客舍人四人，內給使六十人，皆分左右，後屬內人車。 次偏扇、團扇、方扇各十八，分左右，宮人執者間綵衣、革帶。 次行障四，坐障二，宮人執以夾車。 次典內二人，騎，分左右。 次厭翟車，駕三馬，駕士十四人。 次閤帥二人，領內給使十八人，夾車。 次六柱二，內給使執之。 次供奉內人，乘犢車。 次繖一，雉尾扇二，團扇四，曲蓋二，皆分左右，各內給使執之。 次戟九十，執者絳綦襖、冒，分左右。
Crown Princess procession. Six Clear-path captains in three tiers flanked the route with bow and lateral sword. Ten green-robed attendants followed left and right. Four guest chamberlains and sixty inner stewards flanked the route before palace women's carriages. Palace women bore eighteen each of partial, round, and square fans in colored dress. Palace women flanked the carriage with walking and sitting screens. Two palace directors followed mounted left and right. Pressed-pheasant carriage with three horses and fourteen drivers. Two pavilion commanders led eighteen inner stewards flanking the carriage. Two six-pillar canopies borne by inner stewards. Service palace women followed in calf carriages. Umbrella, fans, and curved canopies followed, borne by inner stewards. Ninety halberds in scarlet dress flanked the route.
79
親王鹵簿。 有清道六人為三重，武弁、朱衣、革帶。 次幰弩一，執者平巾幘、緋袴褶，騎。 次青衣十二人，平巾青幘、青布袴褶，執青布仗袋，分左右。 次車輻十二，分左右。 車輻，棒也，夾車而行，故曰車輻，執者服如幰弩。 次戟九十，執者絳綦襖、冒，分左右。 次絳引旛六，分左右，橫行，以引刀、楯、弓、箭、矟。 次內第一行廂，執刀楯，絳綦襖、冒。 第二行廂，執弓矢，戎服。 第三行廂，執矟，戎服大袍。 廂各四十人。 次節一，夾矟二，各一人騎執，平巾幘、大口袴、緋衫。 次告止旛四，傳教旛四，信旛八。 凡旛皆絳為之，署官號，篆以黃，飾以鳥翅，取其疾也，金塗鉤，竿長一丈一尺，執者服如夾矟，分左右。 次儀鋋二，儀鍠六，油戟十八，儀矟十，細矟十，執者皆絳綦襖、冒。 次儀刀十八，執者服如夾矟，分左右。 次誕馬八，馭者服如夾矟，分左右。 次府佐六人，平巾幘、大口絝、緋裲襠，騎，持刀夾引。 次象路一，駕四馬，佐二人立侍，一人武弁、朱衣、革帶，居左； 一人緋裲襠、大口絝，持刀居右。 駕士十八人，服如夾矟。 次繖一，雉尾扇二。 次朱漆團扇四，曲蓋二，執者皆絳綦襖、冒，分左右。 次僚佐，本服陪從。 次麾、幢各一，左麾右幢。 次大角、鼓吹。
Imperial prince procession. Six Clear-path men in three tiers wore martial caps, vermilion robes, and leather belts. One screened crossbow followed, bearer mounted in scarlet pleated jacket. Twelve green attendants in green caps bore green weapon bags left and right. Twelve carriage-spokes followed left and right. Carriage-spokes were clubs flanking the carriage; bearers dressed like the screened-crossbow man. Ninety halberds in scarlet dress followed. Six scarlet guide-banners crossed the ranks leading blades, shields, bows, and halberds. Inner first side box: sword and shield bearers in scarlet dress. Second side box: bow bearers in martial dress. Third side box: halberd bearers in martial great robes. Forty men per side box. One staff and two flanking halberds, each borne by a mounted man in scarlet pleated dress. Four stop-announcement, four instruction, and eight trust banners followed. All banners were scarlet with yellow seal-script office titles, bird-wing ornaments, gold hooks, and poles of eleven chi, borne left and right. Ceremonial war-clubs, bells, oiled and ceremonial halberds followed in scarlet dress. Eighteen ceremonial swords followed left and right. Eight presentation horses with drivers dressed as halberd-flankers. Six mounted bureau assistants in scarlet cross-collars bore swords flanking the prince. Elephant route: four horses with two standing assistants — one left in martial cap and vermilion robe; one right in scarlet cross-collar with sword. Eighteen drivers dressed as halberd-flankers. One umbrella and two pheasant-tail fans. Four vermilion round fans and two curved canopies in scarlet dress. Staff assistants followed in their proper ranks. One banner left, one pennant right. Great horns and wind-and-percussion followed.
80
一品鹵簿。 有清道四人為二重，幰弩一騎。 青衣十人，車輻十人，戟九十，絳引旛六，刀、楯、弓、箭、矟皆八十，節二，大矟二，告止旛、傳教旛皆二，信旛六，誕馬六，儀刀十六，府佐四人夾行。 革路一，駕四馬，駕士十六人，繖一，朱漆團扇四，曲蓋二，僚佐本服陪從，麾、幢、大角、鐃吹皆備。
First-rank official procession. Four Clear-path men in two tiers and one mounted screened crossbow. Ten green attendants, ten carriage-spokes, ninety halberds, six guide-banners, eighty each of blades and missile weapons, two staffs, banners, six presentation horses, sixteen ceremonial swords, four flanking assistants. Leather route with sixteen drivers, fans, canopy, staff, banner, pennant, horns, and cymbals.
81
自二品至四品，青衣、車輻每品減二人。 二品，刀、楯、弓、箭、戟、矟各減二十。 三品以下，每品減十而已。 二品，信旛四，誕馬四，儀刀十四，革路駕士十四人。 三品亦如之，儀刀十，革路駕士十二人。 四品、五品，信旛二，誕馬二，儀刀八，木路駕士十人。
From second through fourth rank, green attendants and carriage-spokes dropped by two each rank. Second rank: twenty fewer of each weapon type. Third rank and below: ten fewer per rank. Second rank: four trust banners, four presentation horses, fourteen swords, sixteen leather-route drivers. Third rank: ten swords, twelve drivers. Fourth and fifth ranks: two trust banners, two presentation horses, eight swords, ten wood-route drivers.
82
自二品至四品，皆有清道二人，朱漆團扇二，曲蓋一，幰弩一騎，旛竿長丈，繖一，節一，夾矟二。
Second through fourth rank shared two Clear-path men, two round fans, one canopy, one screened crossbow, one-zhang poles, one umbrella, one staff, two flanking halberds.
83
萬年縣令亦有清道二人，幰弩一騎，青衣、車輻皆二人，戟三十，告止旛、傳教旛、信旛皆二，竿長九尺，誕馬二，軺車，一馬，駕士六人，繖、朱漆團扇、曲蓋皆一。 非導駕及餘四等縣初上者，減幰弩、車輻、曲蓋，其戟亦減十。
The Wannian magistrate had two Clear-path men, one screened crossbow, pairs of attendants and carriage-spokes, thirty halberds, paired banners on nine-chi poles, two presentation horses, and a one-horse light carriage with six drivers. Non-escort and newly appointed fourth-grade counties omitted screened crossbow, carriage-spokes, and canopy, and lost ten halberds.
84
內命婦、夫人鹵簿。 青衣六人，偏扇、團扇皆十六，執者間綵裙襦、綵衣、革帶，行障三，坐障二，厭翟車駕二馬，馭人十，內給使十六人夾車，從車六乘，繖、雉尾扇皆一，團扇二，內給使執之，戟六十。
Processions for inner and outer titled ladies. Inner consorts: six green attendants, sixteen fans, screens, two-horse pressed-pheasant carriage, sixteen stewards, six attendant carriages, umbrellas and fans, sixty halberds.
85
外命婦一品亦如之，厭翟車馭人減二，有從人十六人。 非公主、王妃則乘白銅飾犢車，駕牛，馭人四，無雉尾扇。
Outer first-rank consorts matched this with two fewer drivers and sixteen followers. Non-princess consorts rode ox-drawn white-copper calf carriages without pheasant-tail fans.
86
嬪，青衣四人，偏扇、團扇、方扇十四，行障二，坐障一，翟車，馭人八，內給使十四人，夾車四乘，戟四十。
Pin rank: four green attendants, fourteen fans, screens, pheasant carriage, fourteen stewards, four carriages, forty halberds.
87
外命婦二品亦如之，乘白銅飾犢車，青通幰，朱裏，從人十四人。
Outer second-rank: white-copper calf carriage with green canopy and fourteen followers.
88
婕妤、美人、才人，青衣二人，偏扇、團扇、方扇十，行障二，坐障一，安車，駕二馬，馭人八，內給使十人，從車二乘，戟二十。
Talented Lady, Beauty, and Talented Person: two green attendants, ten fans, repose carriage, ten stewards, two carriages, twenty halberds.
89
太子良娣、良媛、承徽、外命婦三品亦如之，白銅飾犢車，從人十人。
Good Consort ranks and outer third-rank: white-copper calf carriage, ten followers.
90
外命婦四品，青衣二人，偏扇、團扇、方扇皆八，行障、坐障皆一，白銅飾犢車，馭人四，從人八。 餘同三品，唯無戟。
Outer fourth-rank: eight fans, screens, calf carriage, eight followers. Otherwise as third rank but without halberds.
91
自夫人以下皆清道二人，繖一，又有團扇二。
From Lady rank down: two Clear-path men, one umbrella, two round fans.
92
大駕鹵簿鼓吹，分前後二部。 鼓吹令二人，府、史二人騎從，分左右。
Great-escort martial music divided into front and rear sections. Two wind-and-percussion directors with clerks followed left and right.
93
前部：掆鼓十二，夾金鉦十二，大鼓、長鳴皆百二十，鐃鼓十二，歌、簫、笳次之； 大橫吹百二十，節鼓二，笛、簫、觱篥、笳、桃皮觱篥次之； 掆鼓、夾金鉦皆十二，小鼓、中鳴皆百二十，羽葆鼓十二，歌、簫、笳次之。 至相風輿，有掆鼓一，金鉦一，鼓左鉦右。 至黃麾，有左右金吾衞果毅都尉二人主大角百二十，橫行十重； 鼓吹丞二人，典事二人騎從。
Forward section: twelve carrying-drums flanking twelve gongs, one hundred twenty great drums and long whistles, twelve cymbal-drums, then song, panpipe, and horn; one hundred twenty great horizontal-winds, rhythm drums, flutes, pipes, and horns; twelve carrying-drums and gongs, one hundred twenty small drums and mid-whistles, twelve feather-canopy drums, then song and pipes. At the wind-indicating carriage: one drum left, one gong right. At the yellow banner, Golden Crow resolute commandants led one hundred twenty great horns in ten crossing tiers; wind-and-percussion vice-directors and ritual craftsmen followed.
94
次後部鼓吹：羽葆鼓十二，歌、簫、笳次之； 鐃鼓十二，歌、簫、笳次之； 小橫吹百二十，笛、簫、觱篥、笳、桃皮觱篥次之。 凡歌、簫、笳工各二十四人，主帥四人，笛、簫、觱篥、笳、桃皮觱篥工各二十四人。
Rear section: twelve feather-canopy drums, then song and pipes; twelve cymbal-drums, then song and pipes; one hundred twenty small horizontal-winds with flutes and pipes. Twenty-four musicians per instrument with four commanders each.
95
法駕，減太常卿、司徒、兵部尚書、白鷺車、辟惡車、大輦、五副路、安車、四望車，又減屬車四，清游隊、持鈒隊、玄武隊皆減四之一，鼓吹減三之一。
Regulation escort dropped the Director of Sacrifices, Minister of Education, Minister of War, egret and demon-quelling carriages, great palanquin, five deputy routes, repose and four-observation carriages, four attendant carriages, and one-fourth of Pure-roaming, spear, and Dark Warrior companies; music cut by one-third.
96
小駕，又減御史大夫、指南車、記里鼓車、鸞旗車、皮軒車、象革木三路、耕根車、羊車、黃鉞車、豹尾車、屬車、小輦、小輿，諸隊及鼓吹減大駕之半。
Small escort further omitted the censor-in-chief, special carriages, three material routes, plowing-root, sheep, battle-axe, and leopard-tail carriages, attendant vehicles, and halved all companies and music from the great escort.
97
凡鼓吹五部：一鼓吹，二羽葆，三鐃吹，四大橫吹，五小橫吹，總七十五曲。
Martial music had five sections totaling seventy-five pieces: wind-and-percussion, feather-canopy, cymbal-blow, great horizontal-wind, and small horizontal-wind.
98
鼓吹部有掆鼓、大鼓、金鉦小鼓、長鳴、中鳴。 掆鼓十曲：一警雷震，二猛獸駭，三鷙鳥擊，四龍媒蹀，五靈夔吼，六鵰鶚爭，七壯士怒，八熊羆吼，九石墜崖，十波蕩壑。 大鼓十五曲，嚴用三曲：一元驎合邏，二元驎他固夜，三元驎跋至慮。 警用十二曲：一元咳大至遊，二阿列乾，三破達析利純，四賀羽真，五鳴都路跋，六他勃鳴路跋，七相雷析追，八元咳赤賴，九赤咳赤賴，十吐咳乞物真，十一貪大訐，十二賀粟胡真。 小鼓九曲：一漁陽，二雞子，三警鼓，四三鳴，五合節，六覆參，七步鼓，八南陽會星，九單搖。 皆以為嚴、警，其一上馬用之。 長鳴一曲三聲：一龍吟聲，二彪吼聲，三河聲。 中鳴一曲三聲：一盪聲，二牙聲，三送聲。
The wind-and-percussion section used carrying-drums, great drums, gongs, small drums, long whistles, and mid-whistles. Ten carrying-drum pieces: Warning Thunder-quake, Fierce Beasts Startled, Raptors Strike, Dragon Stallion Pacing, Spirit Kui Roar, Eagle-Owl Contend, Warriors Rage, Bear Roar, Stone Falls from Cliff, Waves Surge in Ravine. Fifteen great-drum pieces; strictness used three: Primary Qilin Combined Luo, Taku Night, and Ba to Lü. Alert used twelve pieces with transliterated frontier titles from Primary Ke Great Ultimate Journey through He Su Hu Zhen. Nine small-drum pieces: Yuyang, Jizi, Alert Drum, Three Calls, Combined Beat, Overlapping Canon, Step Drum, Nanyang Meeting Star, Single Sway. All served strictness and alert; one was reserved for mounting. Long whistle: one piece in three calls — Dragon-song, Tiger-roar, River. Mid-whistle: Surge, Tusk, Send-off.
99
羽葆部十八曲：一太和，二休和，三七德，四騶虞，五基王化，六纂唐風，七厭炎精，八肇皇運，九躍龍飛，十殄馬邑，十一興晉陽，十二濟渭險，十三應聖期，十四御宸極，十五寧兆庶，十六服遐荒，十七龍池，十八破陣樂。
Eighteen feather-canopy pieces from Great Harmony through Breaking-the-Formation Music.
100
鐃吹部七曲：一破陣樂，二上車，三行車，四向城，五平安，六歡樂，七太平。
Seven cymbal-blow pieces: Breaking-the-Formation, Mounting the Carriage, Traveling, Facing the City, Peace, Joy, Great Peace.
101
大橫吹部有節鼓二十四曲：一悲風，二遊絃，三閒絃明君，四吳明君，五古明君，六長樂聲，七五調聲，八烏夜啼，九望鄉，十跨鞍，十一閒君，十二瑟調，十三止息，十四天女怨，十五楚客，十六楚妃歎，十七霜鴻引，十八楚歌，十九胡笳聲，二十辭漢，二十一對月，二十二胡笳明君，二十三湘妃怨，二十四沈湘。
The great horizontal-wind section had twenty-four rhythm-drum pieces: Grieving Wind, Wandering Strings, Leisure Strings Illustrious Lord, Wu Illustrious Lord, Ancient Illustrious Lord, Everlasting Joy Sound, Five-mode Sound, Crow Night Cry, Gazing Homeward, Saddle-crossing, Leisure Lord, Se-mode, Cease Rest, Heavenly Woman's Lament, Chu Guest, Chu Consort's Sigh, Frost Goose Cry, Chu Song, Barbarian Flute Sound, Farewell to Han, Facing the Moon, Barbarian Flute Illustrious Lord, Xiang Consort's Lament, and Shen Xiang.
102
小橫吹部有角、笛、簫、笳、觱篥、桃皮觱篥六種，曲名失傳。
Small horizontal-wind used six instrument types; the piece names are lost.
103
伶工謂夜警為嚴，凡大駕嚴，夜警十二曲，中警三曲，五更嚴三遍。 天子謁郊廟，夜五鼓過半，奏四嚴； 車駕至橋，復奏一嚴。 元和初，禮儀使高郢建議罷之。
Musicians termed night alert strictness: twelve night pieces, three mid-alert pieces, three fifth-watch rounds for great escort. For suburban altar visits, after half the fifth night-watch came four strictnesses; at the bridge one more strictness sounded. In early Yuanhe Ritual Commissioner Gao Ying proposed abolishing this practice.
104
歷代獻捷必有凱歌，太宗平東都，破宋金剛，執賀魯，克高麗，皆備軍容，凱歌入京都，然其禮儀不傳。 太和初，有司奏：「命將征討，有大功，獻俘馘，則神策兵衞於門外，如獻俘儀。 凱樂用鐃吹二部，笛、觱篥、簫、笳、鐃鼓，皆工二人，歌工二十四人，乘馬執樂，陳列如鹵簿。 鼓吹令、丞前導，分行俘馘之前。 將入都門，鼓吹振作，奏破陣樂、應聖期、賀朝歡、君臣同慶樂等四曲。 至太社、太廟門外，陳而不作。 告獻禮畢，樂作。 至御樓前，陳兵仗於旌門外二十步，樂工步行，兵部尚書介冑執鉞，於旌門中路前導，協律郎二人執麾，門外分導，太常卿跪請奏凱樂。 樂闋，太常卿跪奏樂畢。 兵部尚書、太常卿退，樂工立於旌門外，引俘馘入獻，及稱賀，俘囚出，乃退。」
Victory processions always had triumph songs; Taizong's conquests entered the capital with full military display, but the rite was not recorded. In early Taihe the relevant offices proposed: when a commanding general won great merit and presented captives, the Divine Strategy Army should guard the gate as in the captive-presentation rite. Triumph music would use two cymbal-blow sections, winds, cymbal-drums, two musicians each, twenty-four singers mounted in guard-array formation. Wind-and-percussion director and vice-director would lead before the captives and severed ears. Entering the capital gate, the band would strike up Breaking-the-Formation, Responding Holy Term, Congratulating the Court's Joy, and Ruler and Ministers Shared Celebration. At the Grand Altar and Grand Temple gates the musicians would array but not play. Music resumed when the reporting sacrifice ended. Before the imperial tower guards arrayed twenty paces outside the banner gate; musicians walked; the armored Minister of War bore the axe at the center; two pitch-regulators guided outside; the Director of Music knelt to request triumph music. When music ended the Director of Music knelt to report completion. The Minister of War and Director of Music withdrew; musicians led captives in for presentation and congratulation, then withdrew when prisoners were removed. Close of memorial quotation.
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校勘記0.85em|columns=2
Collation notes for this chapter.