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25%◎藩鎮淄青橫海李正己李正己，高麗人。 為營州副將，從侯希逸入青州，希逸母即其姑，故薦為折沖都尉。 寶應中，以軍候從討史朝義。 時回紇恃功橫，諸軍莫敢抗。 正己欲以氣折之，與大酋角逐，眾土皆墻立觀，約曰：「後者批之。」 既逐而先，正己批其頰，回紇矢液流離，眾軍哄然笑。 酋大慚，自是沮憚不敢暴。 希逸以為兵馬使，沈毅得眾心，然陰忌之，因事解其職。 軍中皆言不當廢，尋逐希逸出之，有詔代為節度使。 本名懷玉，至是賜今名，遂有淄、青、齊、海、登、萊、沂、密、德、棣十州，與田承嗣、薛嵩、李寶臣、梁崇義輔牙相倚。 嵩死，李靈耀反，諸道攻之，共披其地。 正己復取曹、濮、徐、兗、鄆，凡十有五州。 市渤海名馬，歲不絕，賦繇均約，號最強大。 政令嚴酷，在所不敢偶語，威震鄰境。 歷檢校司空，加同中書門下平章事，以司徒兼太子太保，封饒陽郡王。 請附屬籍，許之。 因徙治鄆，以子納及腹心將守諸州。
Buffer Regions at Zi-Qing and the Heng-Hai Circuit: Li Zhengji. Li Zhengji was of Koguryo descent. He had been deputy commander at Yingzhou and followed Hou Xiyi into Qingzhou; because Xiyi's mother was his aunt, Xiyi recommended him as regimental commander of the Zhechong unit. During the Baoying reign (762–763), he served as a military scout in the campaign against Shi Chaoyi. The Uyghurs, flush with their victories, threw their weight around, and no allied army dared stand up to them. Zhengji meant to humble them by sheer nerve and challenged the Uyghur chieftain to a footrace; the troops lined the walls to watch, with the wager that whoever finished second would have his face struck. Though he had chased from behind, he crossed the line first and slapped the chieftain across the face; the Uyghur was left trembling and drenched in sweat, and the whole army roared with laughter. The chieftain was utterly humiliated; thereafter the Uyghurs were cowed and no longer dared abuse their position. Xiyi made him director of military affairs; his steady, resolute manner won the soldiers' loyalty, but Xiyi secretly resented him and found a pretext to strip him of his post. The troops protested that he should never have been removed; before long they expelled Xiyi, and an imperial edict installed Zhengji as military governor in his place. Born Huaiyu, he now received the name Zhengji by imperial grant. He came to control ten prefectures—Zi, Qing, Qi, Hai, Deng, Lai, Yi, Mi, De, and Di—and stood shoulder to shoulder with the buffer lords Tian Chengsi, Xue Song, Li Baochen, and Liang Chongyi. After Xue Song's death, Li Lingyao rose in revolt; the allied circuits besieged him and carved up his domain among themselves. Zhengji seized Cao, Pu, Xu, Yan, and Yun as well, bringing his holdings to fifteen prefectures. He bought famed Bohai horses without interruption, kept taxes and labor service fair and predictable, and was reckoned the most powerful of the buffer lords. His rule was mercilessly strict—no one in his territory dared whisper in company—and his authority terrified the neighboring provinces. He was promoted through acting Minister of Works to honorary Grand Councillor, then Grand Mentor and Grand Preceptor of the Crown Prince, and enfeoffed as Prince of Raoyang. He petitioned to be entered on the imperial clan rolls, and the court consented. He shifted his headquarters to Yunzhou and left his son Li Na and his closest generals to hold the outlying prefectures.
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建中初，聞城汴州，乃約田悅、梁崇義、李惟嶽偕叛。 自屯濟陰，陳兵按習，益師徐州以扼江、淮。 天子於是改運道，檄天下兵為守備，河南騷然。 會發疽死，年四十九。 興元初，納順命，詔贈太尉。
Early in the Jianzhong era (780–783), learning that the court was fortifying Bianzhou, he plotted with Tian Yue, Liang Chongyi, and Li Weiyue to rebel together. He camped at Jiyin, drilled his armies in the field, and reinforced Xuzhou to block the Yangzi and Huai routes. The emperor rerouted the grain transports and called up troops empire-wide; the Henan region erupted in alarm. He died of an abscess at the age of forty-nine. Early in the Xingyuan era (784), Li Na submitted to the throne, and the court posthumously honored Zhengji as Grand Commandant.
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納，少時為奉禮郎，將兵防秋。 代宗召見，擢殿中丞，賜金紫。 入朝，擢兼侍御史。 正己署為淄、青二州刺史，又為行軍司馬，濮、徐、兗、沂、海留後，進御史大夫。
Li Na had begun as a ceremonial attendant in his youth and later commanded troops on autumn frontier duty. Emperor Daizong received him at court, promoted him to palace censor, and awarded the gold-and-purple regalia of high rank. When he came to the capital he was further named concurrent investigating censor. Zhengji named him prefect of Zi and Qing, then field marshal and acting governor of Pu, Xu, Yan, Yi, and Hai, and eventually promoted him to chief censor.
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正己死，秘喪不發，以兵會田悅於濮陽。 馬燧方擊悅，納使大將衛俊救之，為燧所破略盡，收洹水。 德宗詔諸軍合討，其從父洧以徐州歸，大將李士真以德州、李長卿以棣州送款，納恚洧背己，且徐險集，悉兵攻洧。 帝命宣武、劉玄佐督諸軍進援，大破其兵。 納還濮陽，玄佐進圍之，殘其郛。 納登陴見玄佐，泣且悔，遣判官房說與子弟質京師，因玄佐謝罪。 時中人宋鳳朝以納窮，欲立功，建不可赦，帝乃械說等禁中。 納於是還鄆，與悅、李希烈、朱滔、王武俊連和，自稱齊王，置百官。
When Zhengji died, Na kept the death secret and marched to join Tian Yue at Puyang. Ma Sui was pressing Tian Yue hard; Na sent his general Wei Jun to the rescue, but Sui shattered the relief force and retook Huanshui. Emperor Dezong ordered a general assault; Na's clansman Li Wei defected with Xuzhou, while Li Shizhen surrendered Dezhou and Li Changqing Di Prefecture. Furious at Wei's betrayal and mindful of Xuzhou's rugged defenses, Na threw his entire army against him. The emperor sent the Xuanwu and Liu Xuanzuo commands to relieve Xuzhou and inflicted a crushing defeat on Na's army. Na fell back to Puyang, where Xuanzuo besieged him and tore down the outer ramparts. Na climbed the battlements to face Xuanzuo in tears and remorse, sent his secretary Fang Yue and his sons to the capital as hostages, and sued for pardon through Xuanzuo. The eunuch Song Fengchao, seeing Na at bay, urged that he must not be forgiven and the emperor had Fang Yue and the hostages clapped in irons within the palace. Na withdrew to Yunzhou, joined forces with Yue, Li Xilie, Zhu Tao, and Wang Wujun, proclaimed himself King of Qi, and installed a full court of officials.
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興元初，帝下詔罪己，納復歸命，授檢校工部尚書，復平盧帥節，賜鐵券，又同中書門下平章事，封隴西郡王。 希烈圍陳州，納會諸軍破之城下，加檢校司空，實封五百戶，進檢校司徒。 死年三十四，贈太傅。 子師古、師道。
When the emperor issued his famous self-reproach edict early in the Xingyuan era, Na submitted again; he was named acting Minister of Works, restored as military governor of Pinglu, given an iron covenant of mercy, made honorary Grand Councillor, and enfeoffed Prince of Longxi. When Li Xilie besieged Chenzhou, Na joined the relief armies and routed him below the walls; he was promoted to acting Minister of Works with a fief of five hundred households, then to acting Grand Mentor. He died at thirty-four and was posthumously honored as Grand Preceptor. His sons were Li Shigu and Li Shidao.
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師古，以蔭累署青州刺史。 納死，軍中請嗣帥，詔起為右金吾衛大將軍、本軍節度使。 初，棣州有蛤𧊶|虫朵鹽池，歲產鹽數十萬斛。 李長卿以州入朱滔，獨蛤𧊶|虫朵為納所據以專利。 後德、棣入王武俊，納乃築壘德州南，跨河以守蛤𧊶|虫朵，謂之三汊，通魏博以交田緒，盜掠德州，武俊患之。 師古殆襲，武俊易其弱，且納時將無在，乃率兵取蛤𧊶|虫朵、三汊。 師古使趙鎬拒戰，武俊子士清兵先濟滴河，會營中火起，士大噪不敢前。 德宗遣使者諭武俊罷兵。 師古亦隳三汊聽命。
Li Shigu, through hereditary privilege, held the post of Qingzhou prefect. After Na's death the troops demanded Shigu as successor; an edict recalled him from mourning as general of the Right Golden Crow Guard and military governor of the circuit. Di Prefecture had long possessed the Hadu salt flats, which yielded several hundred thousand bushels of salt annually. When Li Changqing surrendered the prefecture to Zhu Tao, Na alone kept Hadu and monopolized its salt profits. When De and Di later fell to Wang Wujun, Na built a fortified camp south of Dezhou astride the river to hold Hadu—the "Three Forks"—linked with Weibo through Tian Xu, and raided Dezhou, to Wujun's great annoyance. With Shigu gravely ill, Wujun judged him an easy mark; Na's veteran commanders were gone as well, so Wujun marched and seized Hadu and the Three Forks. Shigu sent Zhao Hao to hold them off; Wujun's son Wang Shiqing crossed the Di River first, but a fire erupted in camp, the men panicked, and they would not press the attack. Emperor Dezong sent envoys ordering Wujun to stand down. Shigu likewise dismantled the Three Forks fort and submitted to the court's command.
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嘗怒其僚獨孤造，使奏事京師，遣大將王濟縊殺之。 貞元末，與杜佑、李欒皆得封妾媵以國為夫人，進同中書門下平章事。
Once, furious at his aide Dugu Zao, he sent him to the capital on official business and had his general Wang Ji strangle him on the road. Late in the Zhenyuan era he joined Du You and Li Luan in the unprecedented privilege of ennobling concubines as state ladies, and was promoted to honorary Grand Councillor.
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德宗崩，哀使未至，義成節度使李元素騰遺詔示之。 師古幸國喪，欲攻掠州縣，即集將士告：「元素偽作遺詔，豈欲反邪？ 不可不討！」 執使者，名討元素，勒兵出次，聞順宗立，乃罷。 累加檢校司徒、兼侍中。 元和初卒，贈太傅。
When Dezong died, before the official mourning envoy arrived, the Yicheng governor Li Yuansu showed him the late emperor's testament. Shigu welcomed the imperial bereavement and prepared to raid neighboring prefectures; he assembled his commanders and declared, "Yuansu has forged the testament—surely he means to rebel? We cannot fail to punish him! He detained the envoy, proclaimed a punitive expedition against Yuansu, and marched his army out—only to stand down when word came that Shunzong had succeeded to the throne. He was repeatedly promoted, ultimately to acting Grand Mentor and Palace Attendant. He died early in the Yuanhe era (806–820) and was posthumously honored as Grand Preceptor.
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師道，異母弟也。 師古嘗曰：「是不更民間疾苦，要令知衣食所從。」 乃署知密州。 師古病，召親近高沐、李公度等曰：「即我不諱，欲以誰嗣？」 二人未對。 師古曰：「豈以人情屬師道邪？ 彼不服戎，以技自尚，慮覆吾宗，公等審計之。」 及死，沐、公度與家奴卒立之，而請於朝。 於是制書久不下，師道謀裒兵守境，沐爭止，更上書奉兩稅，守鹽法，請吏朝廷。 宰相杜黃裳欲橈削其權，而憲宗方誅劉辟，未皇東討，故命建王審領節度大使，而以師道知留後。 歲中，加檢校工部尚書，為副大使。 自正己以來，雖外奉王命，而嘯引亡叛，有得罪於朝者厚納之。 以嚴法持下，凡所付遣，必質其妻子； 有謀順者，類夷其家。 以故能脅汙士眾，傳三世云。
Li Shidao was his younger half-brother. Shigu once remarked, "He has never known the people's hardships; he ought to learn where food and clothing come from. With that he sent him to serve as acting prefect of Mizhou. As Shigu lay dying he called in his confidants Gao Mu and Li Gongdu and asked, "When I am gone, whom should succeed me? The two men did not reply. Shigu said, "Are you inclined toward Shidao out of mere affection? He has no taste for soldiering, prides himself on petty talents, and I fear he will ruin our line—you must judge this carefully. After his death, Gao Mu and Li Gongdu, with the household guard, installed Shidao and petitioned the throne for confirmation. When the appointment edict was slow in coming, Shidao prepared to mobilize and hold the borders; Gao Mu dissuaded him and he memorialized anew, pledging the two-tax levy, observance of salt regulations, and acceptance of court-appointed officials. Chief Minister Du Huangchang meant to curb his power, but Xianzong was still crushing Liu Pi in the west and could not yet march east; he therefore named Prince Shen of Jian nominal military commissioner while Shidao served as acting governor. Within the year he was named acting Minister of Works and deputy commissioner. Since Zhengji's day the family had outwardly obeyed the throne while sheltering fugitives and rebels, richly rewarding anyone the court had condemned. They ruled subordinates by terror: every agent sent on a mission had his wife and children held hostage; anyone who contemplated defecting to the court saw his entire family wiped out. Thus they cowed their officers and men and held power through three generations.
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帝討蔡，詔興諸道兵而不及鄆，師道選卒二千抵壽春，陽言為王師助，實欲援蔡也。 亡命少年為師道計曰：「河陰者，江、淮委輸，河南，帝都，請燒河陰敖庫，募洛壯士劫宮闕，即朝廷救腹心疾，此解蔡一奇也。」 師道乃遣客燒河陰漕院錢三十萬緡，米數萬斛，倉百餘區。 又有說師道曰：「上雖志討蔡，謀皆出宰相，而武元衡得君，願為袁盎事，後宰相必懼，請罷兵，是不用師，蔡圍解矣。」 乃使人殺元衡，傷裴度。
When the emperor campaigned against Cai, he mobilized the circuits but omitted Yun; Shidao sent two thousand elite troops to Shouchun, claiming to reinforce the imperial armies while in fact aiming to aid Cai. An outlaw youth proposed to Shidao: "Heyin is the depot for Yangzi-Huai grain; Henan holds the capital. Burn the Heyin treasury, recruit bravos from Luoyang to storm the palace—the court will turn to save its heartland, and Cai's siege will be broken. Shidao sent agents who burned the Heyin transport depot—three hundred thousand strings in cash, tens of thousands of bushels of grain, and more than a hundred warehouses. Another adviser told Shidao: "The emperor means to crush Cai, but strategy rests with the chief ministers, and Wu Yuanheng has his ear. Do as Yuan Ang did—strike down the minister the emperor trusts; the court will panic and sue for peace, the armies will stand down, and Cai will be saved. He sent assassins who killed Wu Yuanheng and wounded Pei Du.
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初，師道置邸東都，多買田伊闕、陸渾間，以舍山棚，遣將訾嘉珍、門察部分之，嵩山浮屠圓靜為之謀。 元和十年，大饗士邸中，椎牛釃酒，既衷甲矣，其徒白官發之。 留守呂元膺以兵掩邸，賊突出，轉略畿部，入山中數月，奪山棚所市，山棚怒，道官軍襲擊，盡殺之。 圓靜者，年八十餘，嘗為史思明將，驍悍絕倫。 既執，力士椎其脛，不能折，罵曰：「豎子，折人腳且不能，乃曰健兒！」 因自置其足折之。 且死，嘆曰：「敗吾事，不得見洛城流血！」 於時，留守、防禦將、都亭驛史數十人，皆陰受師道署職，使為诇察，故無知者。 及窮治，嘉珍、察乃害武元衡者。 鹽鐵使王播又得嘉珍所藏弓材五千，並斷建陵戟四十七。
Earlier Shidao had set up a residence in Luoyang and bought land between Yique and Luhun to lodge his "mountain shed" agents, assigning the generals Zi Jiazhen and Men Cha to organize them; the Mount Song monk Yuanjing masterminded the plot. In Yuanhe 10 (815) he held a great feast at the lodge, slaughtered cattle, and broached wine; his men were already armored underneath when one of them betrayed the plot to the authorities. Luoyang defender Lü Yuanying stormed the lodge; the rebels broke out, raided the capital outskirts, and hid in the hills for months, robbing the mountain sheds' markets. The sheds, furious, guided imperial troops to the hideout and wiped them out. Yuanjing was over eighty, a former general under Shi Siming, and accounted the fiercest fighter of his day. Once captured, brawny guards battered his shins without breaking them; he swore, "You pups can't even break a man's leg and call yourselves warriors! He set his own foot against a post and snapped the bone himself. Facing execution he sighed, "You have ruined everything—I shall never see Luoyang awash in blood! Dozens of Luoyang officials—the defender, garrison commanders, and post-house clerks—had all been secretly on Shidao's payroll as spies, which is why the plot went undetected. Under full investigation it emerged that Jiazhen and Cha were Yuanheng's assassins. Salt Commissioner Wang Bo also seized five thousand bow staves from Jiazhen's cache and forty-seven halberds illegally cut from the Jianling imperial arsenal.
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始，師道欲知元濟虛實，使劉晏平間道走淮西。 元濟日與宴，厚結歡。 晏平歸，以為元濟暴師數萬，而晏然居內，與妻妾戲博，必敗之道也。 師道本倚蔡為重，聞之怒，乃以它事殺晏平。 及聞李光顏拔淩雲柵，始大懼，遣使歸順，帝重分兵支兩寇，故命給事中柳公綽慰撫之，加檢校司空。
Earlier Shidao had wanted intelligence on Wu Yuanji and sent Liu Yanping by a back road into Huaixi. Yuanji wined and dined him daily and won his warm friendship. On his return Yanping reported that Yuanji kept tens of thousands in the field yet lounged inside with his wives, gambling—certainly the path to ruin. Shidao had counted on Cai's strength; enraged by the report, he had Yanping executed on a trumped-up charge. When Li Guangyan captured the Lingyun stockade, Shidao was thoroughly alarmed and sent envoys to surrender; the emperor, stretched between two fronts, dispatched Liu Gongchuo to reassure him and named him acting Minister of Works.
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蔡平，又遣比部員外郎張宿諷令割地質子。 宿謂曰：「公今歸國為宗姓，以尊卑論之，上叔父矣，不屈一也； 以十二州事三百餘州天子，北面稱藩，不屈二也； 以五十年傳爵，臣二百年天子，不屈三也。 今反狀己暴，上猶許內省，宜遣子入宿衛，割地以贖罪。」 師道乃納三州，遣子弘方入侍。 宿既還，師道中悔，召諸將議，皆曰：「蔡數州，戰三四年乃克，公今十二州，何所虞？」 大將崔承度獨進曰：「公初不示諸將腹心，而今委以兵，此皆嗜利者，朝廷以一漿十餅誘之去矣。」 師道恚，遣承度詣京師，戒候吏時其還斬之。 承度待命客省，不敢還。 帝以其負約，用左散騎常侍李遜喻旨。 既至，師道嚴兵以見，遜讓曰：「前已約，而今背之，何也？ 願得要言奏天子。」 師道許之，然懦暗不自決。 私奴婢媼爭言：「先司徒土地，奈何一旦割之？ 今不獻三州，不過戰耳，即不勝，割地未晚。」 師道乃上書，以軍不協為解。 帝怒，下詔削其官，詔諸軍進討。 武寧節度使李願使將王智興破其眾，斬二千級，獲馬牛四千，略地至平陰。 橫海節度使鄭權戰福城，斬五百級。 武寧將李祐戰魚臺，敗之。 宣武節度使韓弘拔考城。 淮南節度使李夷簡命李聽趨海州，下沭湯、朐山，進戍東海。 魏博節度使田弘正身將兵自陽劉濟河，拒鄆四十里而營，再接戰，破三萬眾，禽三千人。 陳許節度使李光顏攻濮陽，收鬥門、杜莊二屯。 弘正又戰東阿，殘其眾五萬。 師道每聞敗，輒悸成疾，及李祐取金鄉，左右莫敢白。
After Cai fell, the court sent Review Bureau Vice-Director Zhang Su to press him to surrender territory and send a hostage son. Zhang Su told him: "You have rejoined the imperial clan; by rank the emperor is your uncle—no need to humble yourself, first point; twelve prefectures against the Son of Heaven's three hundred—you are a vassal facing north—no need to bow, second point; fifty years your family has held its fief, two centuries the Tang have ruled—no need to bow, third point. Your rebellion is exposed, yet the emperor still offers you a way back—send your son to the capital guard and cede land to atone. Shidao surrendered three prefectures and sent his son Li Hongfang to the capital as hostage. After Zhang Su left, Shidao wavered and called his generals in council; all said, "Cai was only a few prefectures and took three or four years to crush—you hold twelve; what have you to fear? Only General Cui Chengdu objected: "You never trusted your commanders with your true plans, yet now you give them armies—these are mercenaries; the court will buy them off with a bowl of gruel for ten cakes." Shidao, furious, sent Chengdu to the capital and ordered the border guards to execute him on his return. Chengdu waited in the capital guest office and dared not go home. The emperor, angered by his breach of faith, sent Left Cavalry Attendant Li Xun to deliver the court's message. On arrival Shidao received him under arms; Xun protested, "We had a pact—why have you broken it? I need your clear answer to carry back to the emperor. Shidao agreed in words but was too timid and indecisive to act. His household women and old nurses clamored, "Your forefathers' lands—how can you surrender them in a day? Refuse the three prefectures and we fight; if we lose, we can still cede land later. Shidao memorialized the throne, blaming his troops' refusal to comply. The emperor stripped his titles by edict and ordered a general offensive. Li Yuan of Wuning sent Wang Zhixing to crush Shidao's army—two thousand heads, four thousand horses and oxen—and pushed the frontier to Pingyin. Zheng Quan of Heng-Hai fought at Fucheng and took five hundred heads. Li You of Wuning defeated them at Yutai. Han Hong of Xuanwu captured Kaocheng. Li Yijian of Huainan sent Li Ting to seize Hai Prefecture, Shuyang, and Qushan, and garrison the Eastern Sea coast. Tian Hongzheng of Weibo crossed from Yangliu, camped forty li from Yunzhou, routed thirty thousand men, and took three thousand prisoners. Li Guangyan of Chenxu attacked Puyang and seized the stockades at Doumen and Duzhuang. Hongzheng fought again at Dong'e and shattered fifty thousand of the enemy. Each defeat sent Shidao into trembling fits; when Li You captured Jinxiang, his attendants dared not tell him.
14
初，遣大將劉悟屯陽谷，當魏博軍，疑其逗留，悟懼不免，引兵反攻城。 師道晨起聞之，白其嫂裴曰：「悟兵反，將求為民，守墳墓。」 即與弘方匿混間，兵就禽之。 師道請見悟，不許，復請送京師，悟使謂曰：「司空今為囚，何面目見天子！」 猶俯仰祈哀，弘方曰：「不若速死！」 乃並斬之，傳首京師。 棄其屍，無敢收視者，有士英秀為殯城左。 馬至，以士禮更葬。
He had posted Liu Wu at Yanggu to block Weibo; fearing execution for delay, Wu turned his army against Yunzhou. Shidao learned of it at dawn and told his sister-in-law Lady Pei, "Wu has mutinied; he means to become a commoner and tend our graves. He and Hongfang hid in a latrine and were captured on the spot. Shidao begged to see Wu and then to be sent to the capital; Wu's messenger replied, "You are a prisoner—what face have you to show the emperor? He still groveled in pleas; Hongfang said, "Better die at once!" Both were beheaded and their heads sent to Chang'an. Their bodies lay unclaimed until a cultivated gentleman gave them burial outside the west gate. When Ma Zhi came, he reburied them with full ceremonial honors.
15
初，師古見劉悟，曰：「後必貴，然敗吾家者此人也。」 田弘正之度河也，禽其將夏侯澄等四十七人，有詔悉赦之，給繒絮，還隸魏博、義成軍，父母在欲還者優遣，賊皆感慰相告，由是悟得行其謀。 師道首傳弘正營，召澄驗之，澄舐目中塵，號絕良久。 悟素與師道妻魏亂，妄言鄭公征之裔，不死，沒入掖廷，它宗屬悉遠徙。 悟獨表師古子明安為朗州司戶參軍。 親將王承慶，承宗弟也，師道以兄女妻之，潛約左右，欲因肄兵執師道，會悟入，出奔徐州，歸朝。 程日華程日華，定州安喜人，始名華，德宗以其有功，益曰日華。 父元皓為安祿山帳下，偽署定州刺史，故日華籍本軍，為張孝忠牙將。 滄，故成德部州也，孝忠絕李惟嶽，德宗以滄畀義武。 前刺史李固烈與惟嶽姻屬，即牢守。 孝忠令日華往喻之，固烈請還恒州。 既治裝，悉帑以行，軍中怒曰：「馬瘠，士饑死，刺史不棄豪發恤吾急，今刮地以去，吾等何望？」 遂共殺固烈，屠其家。 日華驚匿床下，將士迎出之曰：「暴吾軍者已死，何畏而亡？」 共逼領州。 孝忠亦以日華寬厚，遂假以刺史。
Long before, Shigu had met Liu Wu and said, "He will rise high—but he will be the ruin of our house. When Tian Hongzheng crossed the river he captured forty-seven officers including Xiahou Cheng; the court pardoned them all, clothed them, and sent them back to Weibo and Yicheng—with generous leave for those whose parents wanted them home. The rebels were deeply moved, which is how Wu won them to his mutiny. Shidao's head reached Hongzheng's camp; Cheng was called to identify it, wiped the dust from his eyes, and keened until he collapsed. Wu had long feuded with Shidao's wife Lady Wei, who falsely claimed to be a survivor of the Zheng clan purged into the palace women's quarters; the rest of the Li kindred were exiled. Wu alone petitioned to name Shigu's son Ming'an registrar at Langzhou. Wang Chengqing, a favored commander and brother-in-law through Shidao's niece, had plotted with his men to arrest Shidao during maneuvers; when Wu stormed the city he fled to Xuzhou and defected to the court. Cheng Rihua, a native of Anxi in Dingzhou, was originally named Hua; Emperor Dezong, honoring his service, enlarged his name to Rihua. His father Yuanhao had served An Lushan as puppet prefect of Dingzhou; Rihua entered the home army and became a guard officer under Zhang Xiaozhong. Cangzhou had belonged to Chengde; when Xiaozhong broke with Li Weiyue, Dezong awarded it to Yiwu. The outgoing prefect Li Gulie, Weiyue's kinsman by marriage, barricaded himself in the city. Xiaozhong sent Rihua to reason with him; Gulie agreed to withdraw to Hengzhou. As he packed to leave with every coin he could carry, the troops raged: "Our horses are starved, our men dying of hunger, and the prefect won't spare a penny—now he strips the place bare. What hope is left for us? They killed Gulie and massacred his family. Rihua hid under a bed in terror; the soldiers pulled him out, saying, "The man who wronged us is dead—why should you flee? They pressed him to take command of the prefecture. Xiaozhong, impressed by Rihua's generous character, confirmed him as acting prefect.
16
朱滔叛，兵屯河間，以故滄、定道阻不相聞。 滔及王武俊皆招日華，不納，即攻之。 日華乘城自固。 參軍事李宇謀曰：「城久圍，府兵不為援。 今州十縣瀕海，有魚鹽利自給，此軍本號橫海，將軍能絕易定歸天子，自為一州，甲訓兵，利則出，無利則守，可亢盜喉襟。 君能用仆計，請至京師為天子言之。」 日華謂然，乃遣宇西，帝果大喜，拜御史中丞、滄州刺史，復置橫海軍，即以為使，時建中三年也。 拜檢校工部尚書。 詔滄歲饋義武錢十二萬緡，糧數萬斛，以宇為判官。
When Zhu Tao rebelled and camped at Hejian, Cang and Ding were cut off from one another. Both Zhu Tao and Wang Wujun tried to win him over; he refused, and they attacked at once. Rihua manned the walls and held out. His aide Li Yumou urged, "The siege drags on and Yiwu's army never comes. Your ten coastal counties live on fish and salt; this command was once called Heng-Hai. Break with Yi and Ding, submit directly to the emperor as an independent circuit, train your army, strike when profit offers and hold when it does not—you can throttle the rebels' lifeline. Adopt my plan and I will go to Chang'an and plead your case to the emperor. Rihua agreed and sent Yu west; the emperor was delighted, named him vice censor-in-chief and prefect of Cang, restored the Heng-Hai command, and made him its military governor in Jianzhong 3 (782). He was named acting Minister of Works. The court ordered Cang to send Yiwu twelve hundred thousand strings in cash and tens of thousands of bushels of grain yearly, with Yu as his chief aide.
17
武俊欲得滄，遣人說日華歸己，日華紿曰：「敝邑為賊攻，力屈則下之。 願假騎二百以抗賊，賊退，請以地授公。」 武俊喜，歸之馬，日華留馬謝其使。 武俊大怒，與滔方睦，懼有怨，乃止。 久之，武俊歸命，日華乃還馬，以珍幣厚謝，復結好，武俊亦釋然。 貞元二年卒，贈兵部尚書。
Wujun wanted Cang and sent envoys; Rihua deceived him, saying, "We are under attack—when we can no longer hold out we will submit to you. Lend me two hundred horsemen to fight them off, and when the enemy retreats I will hand the land over to you. Wujun gladly sent the horses; Rihua kept them and thanked the envoy. Wujun was furious, but he was allied with Zhu Tao and feared making another enemy, so he let the matter drop. When Wujun eventually submitted to the court, Rihua returned the horses with lavish gifts, friendship was restored, and Wujun's anger faded. He died in Zhenyuan 2 (786) and was posthumously honored as Minister of War.
18
子懷直擅知留事，帝以日華故，即拜權知滄州刺史。 宇入朝，願析東光、景城二縣置景州，且請刺史。 河朔刺史不廷授幾三十年，帝嘉其忠，以徐申為景州刺史。 升橫海軍為節度，擢懷直為留後。 明年，為節度使。 九年來朝，寵遇加等，進檢校尚書右僕射，賜大第、宮女。
His son Huaizhi had taken charge in his absence; honoring Rihua's memory, the emperor named him acting prefect of Cang. Yu came to court and asked to carve Dongguang and Jingcheng into a new Jing Prefecture, with himself as prefect. For nearly thirty years the court had not named a Hebei prefect directly; the emperor, admiring his loyalty, appointed Xu Shen to Jingzhou. Heng-Hai was raised to full circuit status and Huaizhi was made acting military governor. The next year he was confirmed as military governor. In his ninth year he visited court and was showered with honors—acting Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, a grand mansion, and palace women.
19
懷直荒田獵，出輒數日不返，帳下程懷信乘眾怒，閉門不納。 懷信，其從昆也。 於是懷直入朝，帝不之罪，更以虔王為節度使，擢懷信留後，以懷直兼右龍武軍統軍。 明年，懷信為節度矣。 十六年，懷直卒，贈揚州大都督。 後五年，懷信死，子權襲領軍務，詔授留後。 元和元年，拜節度使，累進檢校兵部尚書，封邢國公。 六年入朝，憲宗寵禮遣還鎮，加檢校尚書右僕射。 權始名執恭，嘗夢滄諸門悉署「權」字，乃改名以應之。 及淮西平，惕不安，丐入朝。 至京師，固辭軍政，乃詔華州刺史鄭權代之。 後以檢校司空為邠寧節度使。 卒，贈司徒，宗族奉朝請宿衛者三十餘人。 李全略李全略，李王氏，名日簡，事王武俊為偏裨。 承宗時，虐用其軍，故入朝，授代州刺史。 田弘正遇害，穆宗以全略故鎮州將，召問所欲言，全略多陳利害，冀合帝意，且請盡死力以報，遂授德州刺史。 是時，杜叔良兵敗博野，故以全略為橫海軍節度、滄德棣州觀察使，賜今姓名。 未幾，貢錢千萬，使子同捷入朝。 既還，即奏同捷為滄州長史，押中軍兵馬。 帝不得已，可其請。 全略陰規傳久計，選材武，以所私結士心。 棣州刺史王稷善撫眾，而家富於財，全略內忌，以計殺之，族其家。 未幾死，同捷領留後事，重賂鄰藩，求領父節，敬宗持久詔不下。 俄而文宗立，同捷以帝新嗣位，必大開貸示四方，乃遣弟同志、同巽入朝，而使其屬崔長奉表請命，有詔拜兗海節度使，以烏重胤代之。 同捷計窮，矯言軍中留己。 於是，王智興請以全軍出討，魏博史憲誠令大將傳手詔入於軍，同捷不受，德、棣民多奔入鄆。 乃下詔削官爵，命重胤率鄆、齊兵進討。 憲誠、智興及汴滑李聽、平盧康志睦、易定張璠、幽州李載義以兵傅境。 同捷自以與成德有舊，乃傾玉帛子女市河北三鎮。 載義不許，絕其交，執使者並所遣奴婢四十七獻諸朝。 王廷湊本窺橫海，欲乘其隙取之，引軍來援。 智興攻棣州，火譙門，引水灌城，凡七月，其將張叔連降。 始，刺史欒濛以同捷叛，密上變，事泄，為所害，贈工部尚書。 智興進圍滄州。
Huaizhi neglected his duties for hunting trips that lasted days; his officer Cheng Huaixin exploited the troops' anger and barred the gates against him. Huaixin was his cousin. Huaizhi went to court unpunished; the Prince of Qian was named military governor, Huaixin made acting governor, and Huaizhi was given a post in the Right Dragon Martial Guard. The next year Huaixin was confirmed as military governor. In the sixteenth year Huaizhi died and was posthumously honored as Grand Protector General of Yangzhou. Five years later Huaixin died; his son Quan assumed command and was issued an edict acting governor. In Yuanhe 1 (806) he was confirmed military governor, rose to acting Minister of War, and was enfeoffed Duke of Xing. In his sixth year he visited court; Xianzong honored him lavishly and sent him back with the title acting Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. Quan had been named Zhigong; he dreamed every gate in Cang bore the character Quan and changed his name accordingly. After the Huaixi campaign ended he grew uneasy and petitioned to come to court. At the capital he firmly resigned his command; the court named Zheng Quan of Huazhou to replace him. He later served as acting Minister of Works and military governor of Binning. He died and was posthumously honored as Grand Mentor; more than thirty kinsmen held court gentleman posts in the palace guard. Li Quanlüe, of the Li-Wang clan, born Rijian, had served Wang Wujun as a junior officer. Under Wang Chengzong he had abused his troops and fled to court, receiving appointment as prefect of Daizhou. After Tian Hongzheng's murder, Muzong summoned the former Zhenzhou officer Quanlüe for his views; Quanlüe laid out the strategic pros and cons, pledged his utmost loyalty, and was named prefect of Dezhou. Du Shuliang had just been defeated at Boye; Quanlüe was made Heng-Hai military governor and surveillance commissioner over Cang, De, and Di, and granted the name Quanlüe. Soon he sent ten million in cash as tribute and dispatched his son Tongjie to court. On returning he memorialized to name Tongjie chief administrator of Cangzhou and commander of the central army. The emperor reluctantly consented. Quanlüe secretly laid plans for his son to inherit power, picked able warriors, and won the officers' loyalty through personal favorites. Di Prefecture's Wang Ji was beloved by his people and enormously wealthy; Quanlüe envied him, contrived his murder, and wiped out his entire family. He died soon after; Tongjie took over as acting governor, bribed neighboring circuits heavily, and petitioned to inherit his father's post—but Jingzong withheld confirmation for a long time. When Wenzong succeeded, Tongjie assumed a new emperor would show leniency; he sent his brothers Tongzhi and Tongxun to court and had Cui Chang petition for confirmation—but the edict named him Yan-Hai governor and sent Wu Chongyin to replace him. Cornered, Tongjie claimed the army would not let him leave. Wang Zhixing offered his full army for the campaign; Shi Xiancheng of Weibo sent a general with the emperor's handwritten edict, which Tongjie refused; civilians from De and Di fled en masse into Yunzhou. The court stripped his titles and ordered Wu Chongyin to lead Yan and Qi forces against him. Xiancheng, Zhixing, Li Ting of Bian-Hua, Kang Zhimu of Pinglu, Zhang Fan of Yiding, and Li Zaiyi of Youzhou all massed troops on his borders. Counting on old ties with Chengde, Tongjie lavished gold, silk, and daughters on the three northern circuits. Li Zaiyi refused, cut ties, seized Tongjie's envoys and the forty-seven attendants they had brought, and sent them all to the capital. Wang Tingcou had long eyed Heng-Hai and marched to Tongjie's aid, hoping to seize the circuit in the chaos. Zhixing besieged Di Prefecture for seven months, burned the gate tower, flooded the city, until his general Zhang Shulian surrendered. Di's prefect Luan Meng had secretly reported Tongjie's rebellion; the plot leaked and Tongjie had him killed; he was posthumously honored as Minister of Works. Zhixing then besieged Cangzhou.
20
是時，帝絕王廷湊朝貢，且討之，兵須夥繁，調發不時，始置供軍糧料使，以濟兩河，諸將又多張俘首以冒賞。 自重胤卒後，李寰、傳良弼不終事，更以左金吾衛大將軍李祐代，而智興將李君謀以輕兵絕河，夜殘無棣，降饒安壁五千兵。 明年，祐拔無棣、平原。 有詔行營堅壁務農，非被襲，勿決戰。 而祐兵已薄德州，帝遣諫議大夫柏耆宣慰。 祐攻拔德州，餘卒奔廷湊。 同捷益急，乞降，祐疑其詐。 耆引兵直入城，取同捷及家屬馳西。 祐入滄州，耆至將陵，斬同捷，使其下傳首京師。 詔貸四州一年租賦，赦同捷母並妻息，徙湖南。 流崔長商州。 同巽等以異母貸死，得隨母流所云。
The emperor had cut off Wang Tingcou's tribute and was campaigning against him as well; troops were needed everywhere, supplies arrived late, and the court created the post of army-provisions commissioner for the two Hebei circuits—while generals inflated head counts to claim rewards. After Wu Chongyin died, Li Huan and Fu Liangbi failed to finish the job; Li You of the Left Golden Crow Guard replaced them; Zhixing's Li Junmou crossed the river with light troops, raided Wudi by night, and induced five thousand men at Raoyan to surrender. The next year Li You captured Wudi and Pingyuan. An edict ordered the campaign armies to hold their walls and farm the land—no decisive battle unless attacked. Li You's army was already at Dezhou when the emperor sent Remonstrating Censor Bai Qi to offer terms. You captured Dezhou; the survivors fled to Wang Tingcou. Tongjie, cornered, sued for surrender; Li You suspected a ruse. Bai Qi marched straight into the city, seized Tongjie and his family, and raced west with them. You entered Cangzhou; at Jiangling, Bai Qi beheaded Tongjie and sent his head to Chang'an. The court remitted a year's taxes for the four prefectures, pardoned Tongjie's mother, wife, and children, and exiled them to Hunan. Cui Chang was banished to Shangzhou. Tongxun and his half-brothers, as children of a concubine, were spared execution and allowed to accompany their mother into exile.