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卷五 唐本紀第五: 莊宗下

Volume 5 Later Tang Annals 2: Zhuangzong 2

Chapter 5 of 新五代史 · New History of the Five Dynasties
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Chapter 5
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1
Cunxu was the eldest son of Li Keyong. Long before, after Keyong routed Meng Fangli at Xingzhou, he marched back to Shangdang and feasted at Triple Mound Ridge. Players sang the “Song of a Hundred Years”; at the lines on growing old the music turned so bleak that every guest at the table wept. Cunxu stood beside him, just five. Keyong sighed, tugged his beard, pointed at the boy, and said with a laugh: “I am old. Here is a wonder—will he stand in my stead on this field twenty years hence?” At eleven Cunxu rode with Keyong against Wang Xingyu and carried the victory dispatch to court. Emperor Zhaozong was struck by his bearing, gave him a mandarin-duck goblet and a jade dish, and patting his back said: “You have the look of greatness; fortune will find you—do not forget our house.” Grown to manhood, he was a superb horseman and archer, bolder than any around him. He read something of the Spring and Autumn Annals and caught its moral sense, but he loved music, song, dance, and the players’ stage above all else.
2
In the first month of Tianyou 5 (908) he took the throne as king at Taiyuan. His uncle Kening murdered chief military adjutant Li Cunzhi. A court favorite, Shi Jingrong, accused Kening of treason. In the second month he arrested and executed Kening, then sent word to Zhou Dewei of his father’s death and his uncle’s revolt. Dewei broke camp at Luanliu and marched back to Taiyuan. Liang’s besiegers at Jia Fortress heard of the Jin mourning and of Dewei’s withdrawal, and their guard went slack. The king told his commanders: “Liang thinks our mourning has left a boy on the throne who cannot act. We should hit them while they drowse.” He marched for Shangdang. At Triple Mound Ridge he stopped and said: “Here my father once feasted!” A fog so thick it dimmed the noonday sun swallowed his columns; they struck Jia Fortress through the murk, smashed it, and routed the Liang host. He came home in triumph and offered the victory at the temple. In the ninth month Wang Jian of Shu, Li Maozhen of Qi, and Yang Chongben struck Liang at Da’an. Jin sent Zhou Dewei against Jinzhou and beat Liang at Spirit Mountain.
3
In the sixth year Liu Zhijun turned on Liang and asked Jin for aid. The king led the host to Yindi Pass, sent Zhou Dewei on Jinzhou, and crushed Liang at Meng Ruan. In the winter of the seventh year Liang sent Wang Jingren against Zhao. Wang Rong of Zhao pleaded for help. His officers suspected a trap and urged caution; the king would not hear it and marched to save Zhao. In the first month of the eighth year he routed Liang at Baixiang, took twenty thousand heads, and seized three hundred officers and three thousand horses. He besieged Xingzhou without success, left a force to blockade it, and pushed on into Wei territory. Zhou Dewei he sent to overrun Liang’s Xiajin and Gaotang, storm Bozhou, take Dongwu and Chaocheng, and raid Liyang, Linhe, and Qimen, sacking Xinxiang and Gongcheng.
4
Liu Shouguang of Yan, seeing Jin drive deep into Liang country, mustered a great host and announced he would help Jin. Alarmed, the king wheeled his army homeward. In the seventh month he joined Wang Rong of Zhao at Chengtian Army. Liu Shouguang proclaimed himself emperor of Yan. In the first month of the ninth year he sent Zhou Dewei with the armies of Zhen and Ding against Yan. Shouguang called on Liang for aid; Liang struck Zhao and massacred Zaoqiang until Li Cunshen beat them back. In the eighth month Zhu Youqian of Hezhong broke with Liang and surrendered to Jin. Liang sent Kang Huaiying against him; Youqian bowed again to Liang while secretly leaning on Jin. In the tenth month of the tenth year Liu Shouguang offered to submit. The king went to Youzhou; Shouguang reneged and held out until the city was taken by storm. In the eleventh year he put Liu Shouguang to death at Taiyuan and set his father Rengong to office at Yanmen. Wang Rong of Zhao and Wang Chuzhi, Prince of Beiping, then presented a register urging him to take the title Director-General of the Imperial Secretariat, and he first set up a field headquarters. In the seventh month he struck Liang at Xingzhou, met them at Zhanggong Bridge, and suffered a crushing defeat.
5
使 西 使
In the twelfth year the Wei garrison rose; He Delun defected from Liang with Wei and Bo and joined Jin. The king entered Weizhou. At Yongji he executed the ringleader Zhang Yan, kept five hundred of his men as a personal guard, and named them the Vanguard Silver Spear Army. In the sixth month he added the Weibo governorship to his titles. He seized Dezhou. In the seventh month Cao Prefecture fell to him. Liu Yan camped on the Huan River. The king rode out with a hundred men to spy on his lines, rode into ambush and was ringed many deep, cut his way free, and lost seven or eight horses. In the eighth month Liang recovered Cao. Jin and Liu Yan faced off at Xin; Jin taunted him day after day, but Yan barred his gates and would not fight. In the first month of the thirteenth year he left Li Cunshen at Xin and announced a march west. Hearing that the Jin king was withdrawing, Liu Yan marched on Wei and assaulted the east wall. The king reached Beizhou, wheeled about, and shattered Yan’s host, chased him to Old Yuan City and beat him again, and drove him to Liyang. In the third month he besieged Liang’s Weizhou; Prefect Mi Zhao surrendered; he took Cizhou and executed Prefect Jin Zhao. In the fourth month he seized Mingzhou. In the eighth month he blockaded Xingzhou until Military Governor Yan Bao submitted. Zhang Yun of Liang abandoned Xiangzhou and Dai Siyuan fled Cangzhou, and both prefectures fell to him. At Beizhou the townsfolk killed Liang’s commander Zhang Yuande and opened the gates.
6
使 使
Khitan horsemen raided Weizhou and captured Li Siben, military governor of Zhenwu. In the fourteenth year the Khitan struck Xinzhou and pushed on to Youzhou; Li Siyuan beat them back. That winter Liang’s Xie Yanzhang held Yangliu. In the twelfth month he assaulted Yangliu; the king shouldered bundles of straw himself to choke the ditch and took the town. In the first month of the fifteenth year Liang and Jin faced off at Yangliu; Yanzhang broke the levee to wall Jin behind water. In the sixth month he crossed the river, hit Yanzhang, and smashed four of his camps. In the eighth month he reviewed the host at Wei—one hundred thousand foot and ten thousand horse from Lulong, Henghai, Zhaoyi, Anguo, Zhen, and Ding—and camped at Majia Ford. He drew up against Xie Yanzhang at the field headquarters. In the twelfth month he marched on Linpu. Liang gave chase; at Huliu Jin was routed and Zhou Dewei fell. Liang camped at dusk on a hill of earth; Jin hit them again and broke them, then settled at Desheng and threw up twin camps. In the first month of the sixteenth year he took the Lulong governorship as well. Wang Zan of Liang stormed Desheng’s south citadel and failed. In the tenth month he expanded Desheng’s north citadel. In the twelfth month he routed Liang south of the Yellow River. In the seventeenth year Zhu Youqian struck Tongzhou. Liang sent Liu Yan against him; Li Cunshen crushed Liang at Tongzhou.
7
使使使使使使使使使
In the first month of the eighteenth year a Wei monk named Zhenzhen offered up a Tang “Mandate of Heaven” seal. Zhang Wenli, a Zhao officer, assassinated his prince Wang Rong and came to ask what Jin would have him do. In the second month Wenli was named acting commander of the Zhenzhou garrison. In the third month Zhu Youqian of Hezhong, Li Sizhao of Zhaoyi, Li Cunshen of Henghai, Wang Chuzhi of Yiwu, Li Siyuan of Anguo, Zhang Wenli acting at Zhenzhou, Yan Bao holding Tianping, Li Cunzhang of Datong, Li Cunjin of Zhenwu, and Zhu Lingde of Kuangguo begged the king to take the throne. He refused thrice; they pressed thrice; he said, “I will think on it.”
8
涿 涿 使
In the eighth month he sent Wang Rong’s old officer Fu Xi with Yan Bao, Shi Jiantang, and others against Zhang Wenli at Zhenzhou. Shi Jiantang seized Zhaozhou. Wenli died; his son Chujin barred the walls and held out. In the ninth month Shi Jiantang was killed in the fighting. In the tenth month Dai Siyuan of Liang struck Desheng’s north citadel; Li Siyuan routed him at Qi City. Wang Chuzhi turned to the Khitan; his son Du seized him and submitted to Jin. In the twelfth month the Khitan hit Zhuozhou and pushed on to Dingzhou. In the first month of the nineteenth year he beat the Khitan at Xincheng and Wangdu and chased them to Zhuozhou. In the third month Yan Bao lost at Zhenzhou and Li Sizhao took his command. In the fourth month Sizhao fell in battle and Li Cunjin replaced him. In the eighth month Liang recovered Weizhou. In the ninth month Cunjin beat the Zhenzhou garrison at Dongyuan and was killed in the fight. In the tenth month Li Cunshen captured Zhenzhou. The king added the Chengde governorship to his titles.
9
使使 西 使 西
In the spring third month of Tongguang 1 (923), Li Jitao rebelled at Luzhou and went over to Liang. On the jisi day of the fourth month he ascended the throne, declared a general amnesty, changed the era name, and took Tang as the dynastic name. Doulu Ge, left chief minister of the field headquarters, became Vice Director of the Secretariat; Lu Cheng, right chief minister, became Vice Director of the Central Secretariat—both with the rank of Grand Councilor. Guo Chongtao, commissioner of the inner gate, and Zhang Juhun, Zhaoyi supervisor, were made commissioners of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Weizhou was named Eastern Capital, Taiyuan Western Capital, and Zhenzhou Northern Capital. In the intercalary month he raised his forebears to imperial rank: great-grandfather Zhiyi and great-grandmother Lady Cui received the posthumous name Zhaolie and the temple title Yizu; grandfather Guochang and grandmother Lady Qin the posthumous Wenjing and temple name Xianzu; his father the posthumous Wu and temple name Taizu. He founded a temple at Taiyuan, counting Tang Gaozu, Taizong, Yizong, and Zhaozong among seven altars in all. On the renyin day Li Siyuan seized Yanzhou. On the xinyou day of the fifth month Liang retook Desheng’s south citadel. In the sixth month he met Wang Yanzhang at the new ramparts and routed him. That same month Lu Cheng was removed from office. In autumn’s eighth month Liang took Ze Prefecture; its defender Pei Yue died in the assault. On the wuchen day of the ninth month Li Siyuan met Wang Yanzhang at Difang and broke him. On the renshen day of winter’s tenth month he marched on Yanzhou to fall on Liang. On the jiaxu day he captured Zhongdu. On the dingchou day Cao Prefecture surrendered. On the jimao day Liang fell. Jing Xiang took his own life. On the bingxu day Zheng Jue was banished to registrar of Laizhou and Xiao Xiang to registrar of Dengzhou; Li Zhen, Zhao Yan, Zhang Hanjie, and Zhu Gui were put to death and their families wiped out. On the jichou day a grace edict commuted death sentences and pardoned convicts down through exile. On the yisi day of the eleventh month Zhenzhou was demoted from Northern Capital and Taiyuan restored as Northern Capital. On the bingchen day Bian was again made the Xuanwu command. On dingsi, Zhao Guangyin rose from left assistant in the Department of State Affairs to Vice Director of the Secretariat; Wei Yue, minister of rites, was named Associate Grand Councillor. On wuwu, King Geum Park-yeong of Silla sent envoys. On xinyou, Yongping command was restored as Western Capital. On jiazi, he went to Luoyang. On the gengwu new moon of the twelfth month, he returned from Bian. On xinsi, Li Jiyao was put to death. Jiyao’s brother Jida murdered his elder brother Jichou at Luzhou. On renchen, he hunted at Yique.
10
殿 使使 使 使 使使 使 使 使
In the first month of Tongguang 2 (924), Zhang Quanyi of Henan and the frontier commands sent gifts for the winter hall. On jiyou, he called for eunuchs of the old Tang court. On gengxu, the king of Silla and Wang Fenggui, Fan commissioner at Quanzhou, each sent envoys. On yimao, Dayu Mo arrived as envoy from the Parhae king. On gengshen, he went to Heyang. On xinyou, he returned from Heyang. On dingmao, the tablets of the seven temples came from Taiyuan and were installed in the dynastic temple. He made offering at the Grand Weiyang Palace. On wuchen, he performed the seasonal rites at the ancestral temple. On the jisi new moon of the second month he sacrificed at the Southern Altar and declared a general amnesty. On guiyou, his ministers presented the throne name Illustrious in Letters, Martial in Valor, and Radiant in Filial Piety. On wuyin, he called at Li Siyuan’s house. On guimao, Lady Liu was made empress. On jiyou of the third month, Tangut envoys arrived. On gengxu, he rewarded the men who had pacified Bian and the guard troops who had stood the southern-suburb ceremony. On gengshen, Li Tu of the Ministry of Works was named commissioner to inspect the imperial tombs. Yang Li, a Luzhou officer, rebelled. On renyin of summer’s fifth month, Chen Jun of the Music Office was made prefect of Jing, and Chu Deyuan of the inner gardens was made prefect of Xian. On bingchen, the king of Parhae sent envoys. On bingyin, Li Siyuan captured Luzhou. On bingzi of the sixth month, Yang Li was put to death. On jichou, the Uighur king Renmei was made Khan of Righteous Duty. On jiyou of autumn’s seventh month he sacrificed to Heaven at Thunder Mountain. In the eighth month, unending rain swelled the rivers. On renzi of the ninth month, water was set at the city gates to ward off Mars. On jiayin, he called at Guo Chongtao’s house. On bingchen, Heishui sent envoys. On guimao of winter’s tenth month, the wife of Zhao Hui of the Left Xiongwei Army bore three sons at once. On guimao of the eleventh month, he hunted at Yique. On bingwu, he returned from Yique. On dingsi, the Uighur envoy and commissioner An Qianxiang arrived. On gengwu of the twelfth month, the emperor and empress visited Zhang Quanyi.
11
使 西 使 使 西使 使 使
On gengzi of the first month of Tongguang 3 (925), he went to the Eastern Capital, tore down the enthronement mound, and built a cuju field. On jisi of the second month, a cuju match was held on the new field. On yihai, he shot geese on the Wang Mang River. On xinsi, Hunjie Lou of the Turks and the Parhae king each sent envoys. He shot geese in the northern suburbs. On yiyou, he shot ducks at Guo Marsh. On gengyin, he again shot geese in the northern suburbs. On yiwei of the third month, at Cold Food and at the mid-month vigil he offered in the western suburbs. On gengshen, he returned from the Eastern Capital. On xinyou, the Eastern Capital was renamed Yedu and Luoyang became Eastern Capital. On yihai of summer’s fourth month, the emperor and empress called on Guo Chongtao and Zhu Hanbin. Drought. On gengyin, Zhao Guangyin died. On dingyou of the fifth month, the late imperial consort died and court mourned five days. On jiyou, Heishui and the Jurchen each sent envoys. On xinwei of the sixth month, Li Shu, director of the imperial clan office, was charged to choose new tombs for Zhaozong and the Young Emperor. The court rounded up horses. On renyin of autumn’s seventh month, the empress dowager died. On guimao of the eighth month, Luo Guan, magistrate of Henan County, was executed. On gengzi of the ninth month, Prince of Wei Jiji was made supreme commander of the four-sided Xichuan campaign and Guo Chongtao pacification commissioner to invade Shu. Rain had not stopped since the sixth month. On dingsi, he shot geese at Pointed Mountain. On renwu of winter’s tenth month, the Xi, Tuyuhun, and Turks each sent envoys. On wuzi, the late Empress Zhenjian was buried at Kun Mausoleum. On dingwei of the eleventh month, Goryeo sent envoys. On jiyou, Wang Yan of Shu surrendered. Guo Chongtao put Wang Zongbi and his brothers Zongwo and Zongxun to death and wiped out their families. On jimao of the twelfth month, he hunted at White Sands. On guimao, he returned from White Sands. On xinhai of the intercalary month he enfeoffed his brothers: Cunmei as Prince of Yong (the cited text), Cunba as Prince of Yong (the cited text), Cunli as Prince of Xue, Cunwo as Prince of Shen, Cunyi as Prince of Mu, Cunque as Prince of Tong, and Cunji as Prince of Ya.
12
使 使 使 使 使使 使 使 使 使 使
On renxu of the first month of Tongguang 4 (926), convicts below death were pardoned. On jiazi, Prince of Wei Jiji put Guo Chongtao and his three sons to death in Shu. On wuyin, the Khitan envoy Mei Lao Xieli arrived. On gengchen, his brother Prince of Mu Cunyi and Li Jilin, Hezhong governor of the Rangguo army, were executed and their families wiped out. On yiyou, Cao Yijin of Shazhou sent envoys. On bingxu, the Uighur Aduyu sent envoys. On dinghai, Li Jilin’s officers Shi Wu, Xue Jingrong, Zhou Tangyin, Yang Shitai, Wang Jing, Lai Ren, and Bai Fengguo were put to death and their families wiped out. On jichou, Li Shaohong of the southern palace secretariat was made commissioner of military affairs. On guisi, Zhao Zaili, an officer of the Yedu army, rebelled at Beizhou. On jiawu, he hunted at Cold Spring. Zaili seized Yedu; Li Shaorong of Wuning marched against him. Zhao Tai of Xingzhou rebelled; Li Shaozhen, northeastern pacification commissioner, moved to crush him. On jiachen, Li Siyuan of Chengde took the field against Zhao Zaili. In the third month, Zhao Tai was put to death. Li Siyuan turned rebel. Zhai Jian, Bozhou’s garrison commander, proclaimed himself prefect. On jiazi, Wang Yan was executed and his family wiped out. On yichou, he went to Bian. On renshen, he halted at Rong Marsh. Yao Yanwen of the Dragon Soar Direct Guard led the vanguard in mutiny and went over to Li Siyuan. Siyuan entered Bian. On jiaxu, he returned from Wansheng. Guo Congqian, commander of the Inner Horse Direct Guard, rose in revolt. On the dinghai new moon of summer’s fourth month, the emperor died.
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