1
康懷英
Kang Huaiying
2
康懷英，兗州人也。 事朱瑾為牙將，梁兵攻瑾，瑾出略食豐、沛間，留懷英守城，懷英即以城降梁，瑾遂奔於吳。 太祖得懷英，大喜。 後從氏叔琮攻趙匡凝，下鄧州。 梁兵攻李茂貞於岐，以懷英為先鋒，至武功，擊殺岐兵萬餘人，太祖喜曰：「邑名武功，真武功也。」 以名馬賜之。 是時，李周彜以鄜坊兵救岐，屯於三原界，懷英擊走之，因取其翟州而還。 岐兵屯奉天，懷英柵其東北。 夜半，岐兵攻之，懷英以為夜中不欲驚它軍，獨以三千人出戰，遲明，岐兵解去，身被十餘瘡。 李茂貞與梁和，昭宗還京師，賜懷英「迎鑾毅勇功臣」。
Kang Huaiying came from Yanzhou. He served Zhu Jin as a junior officer. When Liang attacked, Jin rode out to forage in Feng and Pei and left Huaiying to hold the city; Huaiying opened the gates to Liang, and Jin fled to Wu. Taizu of Liang took Huaiying into his service and rejoiced. Later he followed Shi Shucong against Zhao Kuangning and captured Deng prefecture. When Liang attacked Li Maozhen at Qi, Huaiying led the vanguard. At Wugong he killed more than ten thousand Qi troops. Taizu was delighted: “The place is called Wugong—and true martial deeds were done there!” He rewarded him with a famous horse. Li Zhouyi then marched from Bin and Fang to relieve Qi and camped on the Sanyuan frontier; Huaiying drove him off and took Zhai prefecture on the way back. Qi forces held Fengtian; Huaiying fortified to their northeast. At midnight the Qi attacked. Not wanting to rouse the other camps in the dark, Huaiying went out with only three thousand men. By dawn the Qi withdrew; he bore more than ten wounds. Li Maozhen made peace with Liang; Zhaozong returned to Chang’an; Huaiying was titled Meritorious Brave of Welcoming the Chariot.
3
楊行密攻宿州，太祖遣懷英擊走之，表宿州刺史。 遷保義軍節度使。 丁會以潞州叛梁降晉，太祖命懷英為招討使，將行，太祖戒之，語甚切，懷英惶恐，以謂潞州期必得，乃築夾城圍之。 晉遣周德威屯於亂柳，數攻夾城，懷英不敢出戰，太祖乃以李思安代懷英將，降懷英為都虞候。 久之，思安亦無功，太祖大怒，罷思安，以同州劉知俊為招討使。 知俊未至軍，太祖自至澤州，為懷英等軍援，且督之。 已而晉王李克用卒，莊宗召周德威還。 太祖聞晉有喪，德威去，亦歸洛陽，而諸將亦少弛。 莊宗謂德威曰：「晉之所以能敵梁，而彼所憚者，先王也。 今聞吾王之喪，謂我新立，未能出兵，其意必怠，宜出其不意以擊之，非徒解圍，亦足以定霸也。」 乃與德威等疾馳六日至北黃碾，會天大昏霧，伏兵三垂岡，直趨夾城，攻破之。 懷英大敗，亡大將三百人，懷英以百騎遁歸，詣闕請死。 太祖曰：「去歲興兵，太陰虧食，占者以為不利，吾獨違之而致敗，非爾過也。」 釋之，以為右衛上將軍。
When Yang Xingmi attacked Suzhou, Taizu sent Huaiying to beat him back and had him appointed prefect of Suzhou. He was made military governor of Baoyi. Ding Hui rebelled at Luzhou and went over to Jin. Taizu named Huaiying pacification commissioner and, before he marched, warned him sternly. Huaiying took the mission to heart, convinced Luzhou must fall, and built linked fortifications to starve the city. Jin sent Zhou Dewei to Luanliu and hammered the siege lines again and again; Huaiying would not leave the walls. Taizu replaced him with Li Si’an and reduced Huaiying to chief adjutant. Si’an also failed after long months; Taizu in fury removed him and put Liu Zhijun of Tongzhou in command. Zhijun had not yet reached the front when Taizu himself went to Ze to reinforce Huaiying and drive the siege. Then Li Keyong died and Zhuangzong called Zhou Dewei home. Hearing Jin was in mourning and Dewei had left, Taizu withdrew to Luoyang and his generals eased their grip. Zhuangzong told Dewei: “Jin can stand against Liang only because they fear my father. Now they hear he is dead and think me too new to march. They will grow careless. Strike before they expect it—not only to break the siege but to settle the balance of power.” He and Dewei raced six days to North Huangnian. A thick fog covered the field; they hid at Sanchuigang, then drove straight at the twin fortifications and smashed them. Huaiying was shattered; three hundred senior officers fell; he fled with a hundred riders, reached court, and begged to die. Taizu said: “Last year the moon was eaten when we took the field; the diviners called it ill omen. I alone defied them and lost—not your fault.” He pardoned him and made him Right Guard General-in-Chief.
4
劉知俊叛，奔於岐，以懷英為保義軍節度使、西路副招討使。 知俊以岐兵圍靈武，太祖遣懷英攻邠寧以牽之。 懷英取寧、慶、衍三州，還至升平，知俊掩擊之，懷英大敗。 徙鎮感化。 其後朱友謙叛附於晉，以懷英討之，與晉人戰白徑嶺，懷英又大敗。 徙鎮永平，卒於鎮。
When Liu Zhijun rebelled and fled to Qi, Huaiying was made military governor of Baoyi and deputy western-route pacification commissioner. Zhijun and the Qi besieged Lingwu; Taizu sent Huaiying against Bin and Ning to pull him away. Huaiying took Ning, Qing, and Yan, but on the march back through Shengping Zhijun struck from cover and broke him. He was reassigned to Ganhua. When Zhu Youqian rebelled and went over to Jin, Huaiying was sent against him, met the Jin at Baijing Ridge, and lost again. He was posted to Yongping and died there.
5
劉鄩，密州安丘人也。 少事青州王敬武。 敬武卒，子師範立。 棣州刺史張蟾叛，師範遣指揮使盧洪討蟾，洪亦叛。 師範偽為好辭召洪，洪至，迎於郊外，命鄩斬之座上，因使鄩攻張蟾，破之。 師範表鄩登州刺史，以為行軍司馬。
Liu Xun Liu Xun came from Anqiu in Mizhou. As a youth he served Wang Jingwu of Qingzhou. When Jingwu died, his son Shifan took his place. Tizhou prefect Zhang Chan rose in revolt; Shifan sent Lu Hong to crush him—and Hong rebelled too. Shifan lured Hong with fair words and received him in the suburbs; at the feast he had Xun cut off Hong’s head, then sent Xun against Zhang Chan and broke him.
6
梁太祖西攻鳳翔，師範乘梁虛，陰遣人分襲梁諸州縣，它遣者謀多漏泄，事不成。 獨鄩素好兵書，有機略。 是時，梁已破朱瑾等，悉有兗、鄆，以葛從周為兗州節度使，從周將兵在外，鄩乃使人負油鬻城中，悉視城中虛實出入之所。 油者得羅城下水竇可入，鄩乃以步兵五百從水竇襲破之，徙從周家屬外第，親拜其母，撫之甚有恩禮。
Shifan had Xun appointed prefect of Deng and made him chief of staff on campaign. When Taizu of Liang marched west against Fengxiang, Shifan struck at Liang’s empty rear, sending raiders against its prefectures and counties; other agents’ plans leaked and came to nothing. Only Xun had studied the art of war and knew how to scheme. Liang had already broken Zhu Jin and held Yan and Yun. Ge Congzhou governed Yanzhou while his army was away; Xun sent men to peddle oil in the city and mapped every weak point and gate.
7
太祖已出昭宗於鳳翔，引兵東還，遣朱友寧攻師範、從周攻鄩。 鄩以版輿置從周母城上，母呼從周曰：「劉將軍待我甚厚，無異於汝。 人臣各為其主，汝可察之！」 從周為之緩攻。 鄩乃悉簡婦人及民之老疾不足當敵者出之，獨與少壯者同辛苦，分衣食，堅守以待。 外援不至，人心頗離，副使王彥溫逾城而奔，守陴者多逸。 鄩乃遣人陽語彥溫曰：「副使勿多以人出，非吾素遣者，皆勿以行。」 又下令城中曰：「吾遣從副使者得出，否者皆族。」 城中皆惑，奔者乃止。 已而梁兵聞之，果疑彥溫非實降者，斬之城下，由是城守益堅。
The peddlers found a drain under the outer wall wide enough to enter; Xun sent five hundred foot soldiers through it and took the city. He moved Congzhou’s family to a house outside the walls, bowed to Congzhou’s mother, and treated her with every courtesy. Taizu had brought Zhaozong out of Fengxiang and was marching east; he sent Zhu Youning against Shifan and Ge Congzhou against Xun. Xun set Congzhou’s mother in a litter on the wall; she called down: “General Liu has treated me as kindly as you would. Every man serves his master—think on that! ” Congzhou slackened the assault. Xun sent out every woman and every old or sick man who could not fight, shared rations and labor with the able-bodied, and held on. Relief never came; morale frayed; deputy Wang Yanwen slipped over the wall and fled, and many defenders followed. Xun sent a man to Yanwen with a false message: “Deputy, do not let too many leave. Anyone not sent by me must stay.” He also proclaimed in the city: “Only those the deputy escorts for me may leave; anyone else who flees loses his whole clan.” The city was thrown into confusion and the panic subsided. When Liang heard the story they decided Yanwen’s surrender was a trick and cut off his head beneath the wall; after that the defense hardened.
8
師範兵已屈，從周以禍福諭鄩，鄩報曰：「俟吾主降，即以城還梁。」 師範敗，降梁，鄩乃亦降。 從周為具賫裝，送鄩歸梁，鄩曰：「降將蒙梁恩不誅，幸矣，敢乘馬而衣裘乎！」 乃素服乘驢歸梁。 太祖賜之冠帶，飲之以酒，鄩辭以量小，太祖曰：「取兗州，量何大乎？」 以為元從都押衙。 是時，太祖已領四鎮，將吏皆功臣舊人，鄩一旦以降將居其上，及諸將見鄩，皆用軍禮，鄩居自如，太祖益奇之。
Shifan’s army was failing; Congzhou tried to win Xun with threats and promises. Xun answered: “When my master yields, I will hand the city to Liang.” Shifan was beaten and submitted; Xun surrendered too. Congzhou fitted him out and sent him to Liang. Xun said: “A beaten man spared by Liang is already lucky—how dare I ride a horse and wear fine furs?” He went in plain clothes on a donkey. Taizu gave him cap and belt and poured wine; Xun pleaded a weak head for drink. Taizu said: “You took Yanzhou—was that the act of a small man?” He made him chief adjutant of the original followers. Taizu already commanded four circuits; his officers were old companions in merit. Xun, a fresh surrender, sat above them; every general saluted by military rite, and Xun took it as his due—Taizu marveled at him.
9
太祖即位，累遷左龍武統軍。 劉知俊叛，陷長安，太祖遣鄩與牛存節討之，知俊走鳳翔，太祖乃以長安為永平軍，拜鄩節度使。 末帝即位，領鎮南軍節度使，為開封尹。
At Taizu’s accession Xun rose to Left Dragon Martial Commander. When Liu Zhijun rebelled and seized Chang’an, Taizu sent Xun and Niu Cunjie against him. Zhijun fled to Fengxiang; Taizu made Chang’an the Yongping circuit and gave Xun its governorship. Under the Last Emperor he governed Zhennan and served as intendant of Kaifeng.
10
楊師厚卒，分相、魏為兩鎮，末帝恐魏兵亂，遣鄩以兵屯於魏縣。 魏兵果亂，劫賀德倫降晉。 莊宗入魏，鄩以謂晉兵悉從莊宗赴魏，而太原可襲，乃結草為人，執以旗幟，以驢負之往來城上，而潛軍出黃澤關襲太原。 晉兵望梁壘旗幟往來，不知其去也，以故不追。 鄩至樂平，遇雨，不克進而旋，急趨臨清，爭魏積粟，而周德威已先至，鄩乃屯於莘縣，築甬道及河以饋軍。
After Yang Shihou died the court split Xiang and Wei into two commands. Fearing mutiny in Wei, the Last Emperor sent Xun to camp at Wei county. The Wei soldiers did rise, forced He Delun’s hand, and went over to Jin. Zhuangzong entered Wei. Xun reasoned that every Jin soldier had followed him there and that Taiyuan lay open; he mounted straw dummies with flags on donkeys and marched them along the walls while his army slipped out through Huangze Pass toward Taiyuan. Jin lookouts saw banners still moving on the Liang walls and never guessed the camp was empty; they did not pursue. Rain stopped Xun at Leeping and forced him back. He raced to Linqing for Wei’s grain stores, but Zhou Dewei was already there; Xun fell back to Shen county, built a supply road to the river, and fed his men.
11
久之，末帝以書責鄩曰：「閫外之事全付將軍，河朔諸州一旦淪沒。 今倉儲已竭，飛免不充，將軍與國同心，宜思良畫！」 鄩報曰：「晉兵甚銳，未可擊，宜待之。」 末帝復遣問鄩必勝之策，鄩曰：「臣無奇術，請人給米十斛，米盡則敵破矣！」 末帝大怒，誚鄩曰：「將軍蓄米，將療饑乎？ 將破敵乎？」 乃遣使者監督其軍。 鄩召諸將謀曰：「主上深居禁中，與白面兒謀，必敗人事。 今敵盛，未可輕動，諸君以為如何？」 諸將皆欲戰，鄩乃悉召諸將坐之軍門，人以河水一杯飲之，諸將莫測，或飲或辭，鄩曰：「一杯之難猶若此，滔滔河流可盡乎？」 諸將皆失色。
Months later the Last Emperor wrote in rebuke: “I gave you full command beyond the pass, and Hebei fell in a day. Stores are empty and no convoy can refill them. Stand with the throne and find a way forward!” Xun answered: “Jin is too keen to fight now. Wait.” The Last Emperor asked again for a sure plan. Xun said: “I have no trick—only give every man ten hu of grain. When the grain is gone, the enemy breaks.” The Last Emperor raged: “Are you stockpiling rice to feed yourselves? Or to break the enemy?” He sent overseers to the camp. Xun called his officers and said: “The emperor sits in the inner palace taking counsel from soft-faced courtiers—he will ruin this war. The enemy is strong; we must not stir rashly. What say you? They all wanted battle. Xun seated them at the gate and gave each a cup of river water. Some drank, some refused, baffled. Xun said: “One cup is hard enough—can you drink the whole Yellow River?” Every face went pale.
12
是時，莊宗在魏，數以勁兵壓鄩營，鄩不肯出，而末帝又數促鄩，使出戰。 莊宗與諸將謀曰：「劉鄩學《六韜》，喜以機變用兵，本欲示弱以襲我，今其見迫，必求速戰。」 乃聲言歸太原，命符存審守魏，陽為西歸，而潛兵貝州。 鄩果報末帝曰：「晉王西歸，魏無備，可擊。」 乃以兵萬人攻魏城東，莊宗自貝州返趨擊之。 鄩忽見晉軍，驚曰：「晉王在此邪！」 兵稍卻，追至故元城，莊宗與符存審為兩方陣夾之，鄩為圓陣以禦晉人。 兵再合，鄩大敗，南奔，自黎陽濟河，保滑州。 末帝以為義成軍節度使。 明年，河朔皆入於晉，降鄩亳州團練使。
Zhuangzong at Wei kept sending crack troops against Xun’s lines; Xun would not budge, but the Last Emperor kept ordering him out. Zhuangzong told his officers: “Xun knows the Six Secret Teachings and lives by surprise. He wanted to look weak and trap us; now that he is harried he will have to fight fast.” He announced a march back to Taiyuan, left Fu Cunjian at Wei, pretended to go west, and hid his army at Beizhou. Xun reported to the Last Emperor: “Zhuangzong has gone west; Wei is bare—we can hit it.” He marched ten thousand men against the east wall of Wei; Zhuangzong wheeled from Beizhou and struck. Xun saw the Jin host and cried: “Zhuangzong—here?” His line buckled. Pursued to old Yuancheng, Zhuangzong and Fu Cunjian closed on him from two sides; Xun drew a circle to meet Jin steel. They clashed twice; Xun broke; he ran south, crossed at Liyang, and held Huazhou. The Last Emperor made him military governor of Yicheng. The next year Hebei fell to Jin; Xun was reduced to regiment trainer at Bozhou.
13
兗州張萬進反，拜鄩兗州安撫制置使。 萬進敗死，乃拜鄩泰寧軍節度使。 朱友謙叛，陷同州，末帝以鄩為河東道招討使，行次陜州，鄩為書以招友謙，友謙不報，留月余待之。 尹皓、段凝等素惡鄩，乃譖之，以為鄩與友謙親家，故其逗留以養賊。 已而鄩兵數敗，乃罷鄩歸洛陽，冘殺之，年六十四，贈中書令。
When Zhang Wanjin rebelled at Yanzhou, Xun was named Yanzhou pacification commissioner. Wanjin was beaten and killed; Xun was then made military governor of Taining. When Zhu Youqian rebelled and seized Tongzhou, the Last Emperor sent Xun as Hedong-route pacification commissioner. At Shaan he wrote to win Youqian over; Youqian never answered, and Xun waited more than a month. Yin Hao, Duan Ning, and others had long hated him; they whispered that Xun and Youqian were kin by marriage and that he was stalling to feed the rebellion. His army lost again and again; he was recalled to Luoyang and quietly executed at sixty-four; posthumously he was made Director of the Secretariat.
14
子遂凝、遂雍，事唐皆為刺史。 鄩妾王氏有美色，鄩卒後，入明宗宮中，是為王淑妃。 明宗晚年，淑妃用事，鄩二子皆被恩寵。
His sons Sui Ning and Sui Yong both served Tang as prefects. Xun’s concubine Lady Wang was famed for her beauty; after his death she entered Mingzong’s palace as Wang Shufei. In Mingzong’s last years Shufei ruled from behind the screen; both of Xun’s sons basked in favor.
15
潞王從珂反於鳳翔，時遂雍為西京副留守，留守王思同率諸鎮兵討鳳翔，戰敗東歸，遂雍閉門不內，悉封府庫以待潞王。 潞王前軍至者，悉以金帛給之。 潞王見遂雍，握手流涕，由是事無大小皆與圖議。 廢帝入立，拜遂雍淄州刺史，以鄩兄琪之子遂清代遂雍為西京副留守。
When Li Congke, Prince of Lu, rose at Fengxiang, Sui Yong was deputy intendant of the Western Capital. Wang Sitong marched the circuit armies against him, was beaten, and retreated east; Sui Yong shut the gates, sealed the treasury, and waited for Congke. He paid out gold and silk to every vanguard unit that arrived. Congke met Sui Yong with clasped hands and tears; from then on every weighty matter passed through him. When the Deposed Emperor took the throne, Sui Yong was made prefect of Zibo; Sui Qing, son of Xun’s elder brother Qi, replaced him as deputy intendant of the Western Capital.
16
遂清歷易、棣等五州刺史，皆有善政，遷鳳州防禦使、宣徽北院使，判三司。 晉開運中為安州防禦使以卒。 遂清性至孝，居父喪哀毀，鄉里稱之。 嘗為淄州刺史，迎其母，母及郊，遂清為母執轡行數十里，州人咸以為榮。
Sui Qing served in turn at Yizhou, Tizhou, and five prefectures, governing well at each; he rose to defense commissioner of Feng, commissioner of the Xuanhui North Court, and overseer of the Three Bureaus. Under Jin’s Kaiyun reign he held Anzhou as defense commissioner and died in post. Suo Qing was profoundly filial; mourning his father he wasted away in grief, and neighbors praised him. As prefect of Zibo he went to meet his mother; when she reached the suburbs he took the reins and walked beside her carriage for miles—the whole prefecture counted it an honor.
17
牛存節
Niu Cunjie
18
牛存節，字贊正，青州博昌人也。 初名禮，事諸葛爽於河陽，爽卒，存節顧其徒曰：「天下洶洶，當得英雄事之。」 乃率其徒十餘人歸梁太祖。 存節為人木強忠謹，太祖愛之，賜之名字，以為小校。 張至攻汴，存節破其二寨。 梁攻濮州，戰南劉橋、範縣，存節功多。 李罕之圍張全義於河陽，全義乞兵於梁，太祖以存節故事河陽，知其間道，使以兵為前鋒。 是時歲饑，兵行乏食，存節以金帛就民易幹葚以食軍，擊走罕之。 太祖攻魏，存節下魏黎陽、臨河，殺魏萬二千人，與太祖會內黃。 遷滑州牢城遏後指揮使。
Niu Cunjie, styled Zanzheng, came from Bochang in Qingzhou. Born Li, he served Zhuge Shuang at Heyang; when Shuang died he turned to his men: “The realm churns—we must find a hero to follow.” He led a dozen followers to Liang Taizu. Stubborn, loyal, and careful, Cunjie won Taizu’s affection; Taizu gave him his present name and made him a junior officer. When Zhang Zhi struck at Bian, Cunjie smashed two of his camps. In Liang’s assault on Puzhou, at Nan Liu Bridge and Fan County, Cunjie earned the lion’s share of the credit. Li Hanzhi besieged Zhang Quanyi at Heyang; Quanyi begged Liang for help; Taizu knew Cunjie had served there before and knew the back roads, and sent him ahead as vanguard. Famine year—the army ran short of food; Cunjie traded gold and cloth to villagers for dried mulberries to feed his men, then routed Hanzhi. In Taizu’s assault on Wei, Cunjie took Liyang and Linhe, killed twelve thousand Wei soldiers, and linked up with Taizu at Neihuang. He rose to commander of Huazhou’s Hold-the-Walls rear guard.
19
梁兵攻鄆，存節使都將王言藏船鄆西北隅濠中，期以日午渡兵逾濠急攻之。 會營中火起，鄆人登城望火，言伏不敢動，與存節失期，存節獨破鄆西甕城門，奪其濠橋，梁兵得俱進，遂破朱宣。 從葛從周攻淮南，從周敗渒河，存節收其散卒八千以歸。 拜亳、宿二州刺史。 朱瑾走吳，召吳兵攻徐、宿，存節謀曰：「淮兵必不先攻宿，然宿溝壘素固，可以禦敵。」 乃夜以兵急趣徐州，比傅徐城下，瑾兵方至，望其塵起，驚曰：「梁兵已來，何其速也！」 不能攻而去。 已而太祖使者至，授存節軍機，悉與存節意合，由是諸將益服其能。 遷潞州都指揮使。 太祖攻鳳翔，使召存節。 存節為將，法令嚴整而善得士心，潞人送者皆號泣。 累拜邢州團練使、元帥府左都押衙。
When Liang besieged Yan, Cunjie hid boats in the northwest moat under Commander Wang Yan, planning a noon crossing for a sudden assault. A camp fire broke out; Yan’s defenders climbed the walls to watch; Wang Yan stayed hidden and missed the hour; Cunjie alone stormed the western barbican, seized the moat bridge, and Liang’s whole force poured in and broke Zhu Xuan. With Ge Congzhou on the Huainan campaign, after Congzhou’s defeat on the Bi River Cunjie gathered eight thousand scattered men and brought them home. He was made prefect of Bo and Su. Zhu Jin fled to Wu and brought Wu troops against Xu and Su; Cunjie judged: “The Huainan army won’t hit Su first—but Su’s trenches and walls are strong enough to hold.” He raced by night toward Xuzhou; his dust was rising under the walls when Jin’s army arrived—they cried: “Liang is here already—how fast!” They could not attack and withdrew. When Taizu’s messenger came and handed Cunjie field command, every order matched his own plans—the generals came to trust his judgment even more. He was made chief commander at Lu Prefecture. When Taizu besieged Fengxiang he called for Cunjie. Cunjie ran a tight camp yet won his men’s hearts; the people of Lu who saw him off wept as he left. He rose to regimental commissioner of Xing and Left Chief Escort of the Marshal’s Headquarters.
20
同州劉知俊叛，奔鳳翔，乃遷存節匡國軍節度使。 友珪立，朱友謙叛附於晉，西連鳳翔，存節東西受敵。 同州水咸而無井，知俊叛梁，以渴不能守而走，故友謙與岐兵合圍持久，欲以渴疲之，存節禱而擇地鑿井八十，水皆甘可食，友謙卒不能下。
Liu Zhijun of Tongzhou rebelled and fled to Fengxiang; Cunjie was sent to govern the Kuangguo Army. When Yougui seized the throne, Zhu Youqian defected to Jin and tied west to Fengxiang; Cunjie was squeezed from both directions. Tongzhou’s water was brackish and there were no wells; Zhijun had fled Liang because thirst broke him—so Youqian and the Qi army settled in for a long siege to starve them of water; Cunjie prayed, chose ground, and sunk eighty wells—all sweet; Youqian never took the city.
21
末帝立，加同中書門下平章事，徙鎮天平。 蔣殷反徐州，遣存節攻破之，以功加太尉。 梁、晉相距於河上，存節病痟，而梁、晉方苦戰，存節忠憤彌激，治軍督士，未嘗言病。 病革，召歸京師，將卒，語其子知業曰：「忠孝，吾子也。」 不及其佗。 贈太師。
At the Last Emperor’s accession Cunjie became co-equal of the Secretariat and was posted to Tianshang. Jiang Yin rebelled at Xuzhou; Cunjie was sent to crush him and rose to Grand Commander for the deed. Liang and Jin locked horns on the river; Cunjie suffered chronic dysentery—yet as the war grew bitter his loyal rage only sharpened; he drilled troops and never mentioned his sickness. When his illness turned grave he was recalled to the capital; dying, he told his son Zhiye: “Loyal and filial—that is my son.” He said nothing else. He was posthumously made Grand Preceptor.
22
張歸霸 〈（弟歸厚歸弁）〉
Zhang Guiba (with younger brothers Guihou and Guibian appended)〉
23
張歸霸，清河人也。 末帝娶其女，是為德妃。 歸霸少與其弟歸厚、歸弁俱從黃巢，巢敗東走，歸霸兄弟乃降梁。 秦宗權攻汴，歸霸戰數有功。 張至軍赤岡，以騎兵挑戰，矢中歸霸，歸霸拔之，反以射賊，一發而斃，奪其馬而歸。 太祖從高丘望見，甚壯之，賞以金帛，並以其馬賜之。 使以弓手五百人伏湟中，太祖以騎數百為遊兵，過至柵，至出兵追太祖，歸霸發伏，殺至兵千人，奪馬數十匹。
Zhang Guiba came from Qinghe. The Last Emperor took his daughter as consort—Consort De. As youths Guiba and his brothers Guihou and Guibian followed Huang Chao; when Chao broke and fled east they surrendered to Liang. When Qin Zongquan struck Bian, Guiba fought bravely and often. At Chigang Zhang Zhi’s cavalry challenged; an arrow hit Guiba; he pulled it out, fired back, dropped his man with one shot, took his horse, and rode home. Taizu watched from a height and was thrilled; he showered Guiba with gold and silk and gave him the captured horse too. He hid five hundred archers in the Huang reed beds; Taizu rode out with a few hundred cavalry as bait; passing Zhang Zhi’s palisade, Zhi sent men after him; Guiba sprung the trap, killed a thousand, and took dozens of horses.
24
子漢傑，事末帝為顯官，以張德妃故用事。 梁亡，唐莊宗入汴，遂族誅。
His son Hanjie held high office under the Last Emperor and ran affairs through Consort De. When Liang fell and Zhuangzong of Tang took Bian, the clan was wiped out to the last man.
25
弟歸厚
Younger brother Guihou
26
弟歸厚，字德坤。 為將善用弓槊，能以少擊眾。 張至屯赤岡，歸厚與至獨戰陣前，至憊而卻，諸將乘之，至遂大敗。 太祖大悅，以為騎長。 梁攻時溥，歸厚以麾下先進九里山，遇徐兵而戰，梁故將陳璠叛在徐，歸厚望見識之，瞋目大罵，馳騎直往取之，矢中其左目。 郴王友裕攻鄆，屯濮州，太祖從後至，友裕徙柵，與太祖相失。 太祖卒與鄆兵遇，太祖登高望之，鄆兵才千人，太祖與歸厚以廳子軍直沖之，戰已合，鄆兵大至，歸厚度不能支，以數十騎衛太祖先還。 歸厚馬中矢僵，乃持槊步鬥。 太祖還軍中，遣張筠馳騎第取之，以為必死矣。 歸厚體被十餘箭，得筠馬乃歸，太祖見之，泣曰：「爾在，喪軍何足計乎！」 使舁歸宣武。 遷右神武統軍，歷洺、晉、絳三州刺史。 與晉人屢戰未嘗屈。 乾化元年，拜鎮國軍節度使，以疾卒。 子漢卿。
Younger brother Guihou, styled Dekun. As a commander he excelled with bow and spear and could beat larger forces with fewer men. Zhang Zhi held Chigang; Guihou met him alone in front of the lines; Zhi tired and fell back; the other generals piled on and Zhi was routed. Taizu was delighted and made him cavalry captain. In Liang’s assault on Shi Pu, Guihou led the van at Jiuli Mountain and met Xu troops; Chen Fan, a former Liang general now at Xu, was spotted—Guihou glared, cursed, and spurred straight at him; an arrow took his left eye. Prince Chen Youyu besieged Yan from Puzhou; Taizu came up from the rear; Youyu shifted camp and lost touch with Taizu. Taizu suddenly ran into Yan troops, climbed a rise to look—only a thousand men; he and Guihou charged with the palace guard; as battle joined Yan reinforcements poured in; Guihou could barely hold and rode back first with a few dozen cavalry to shield Taizu. Guihou’s horse took an arrow and collapsed; he took up his spear and fought on foot. Back in camp Taizu sent Zhang Yun galloping to rescue him, sure he was dead. More than ten arrows pierced Guihou; he seized Yun’s horse and made it back; Taizu saw him and wept: “You’re alive—what is the loss of an army!” He had him carried home to Xuanyi. He rose to commander of the Right Divine Martial and governed Ming, Jin, and Jiang in turn. In repeated clashes with Jin he never broke. In Qianhua 1 he was made governor of the Zhenguo Army and died of illness. His son Hanqing.
27
弟歸弁
Younger brother Guibian
28
歸弁，為將亦善戰，開平初為滑州長劍指揮使。 子漢融。 梁亡，皆族誅。
Guibian fought well too; early in Kaiping he commanded Huazhou’s Long-Sword unit. His son Hanrong. When Liang fell, they too were wiped out to the last man.
29
王重師
Wang Chongshi
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王重師，許州長社人也。 為人沈嘿多智，善劍槊。 秦宗權陷許州，重師脫身歸梁，從太祖平蔡，攻兗、鄆，為拔山軍指揮使。 重師苦戰齊、魯間，威震鄰敵。 遷潁州刺史。 太祖攻濮州，已破，濮人積草焚之，梁兵不得入。 是時，重師方病金瘡，臥帳中，諸將強之，重師遽起，悉取軍中氈毯沃以水，蒙之火上，率精卒以短兵突入，梁兵隨之皆入，遂取濮州。 重師身被八九瘡，軍士負之而還。 太祖聞之，驚曰：「柰何使我得濮州而失重師乎！」 使醫理之，逾月乃愈。 王師範降，表重師青州留後，累遷佑國軍節度使、同中書門下平章事。 居數年，甚有威惠。 重師與劉捍故有隙，捍嘗構之太祖，太祖疑之。 重師遣其將張君練西攻邠、鳳而不先請，君練兵小敗，太祖以其擅發兵，挫失國威，將召而罪之，遣劉捍代重師。 重師不知太祖怒己，捍至，重師不出迎，見之青門，禮又倨，捍因馳白太祖，言重師有二誌。 太祖益怒，貶重師溪州刺史，再貶崖州司戶參軍，未行，賜死。
Wang Chongshi came from Changshe in Xuzhou. Silent and shrewd, he was master of sword and spear. When Qin Zongquan seized Xuzhou, Chongshi slipped away to Liang, followed Taizu against Cai, stormed Yan and Yanzhou, and commanded the Uproot-Mountains Army. Chongshi fought hard across Qi and Lu, and his name terrified the neighboring realms. He was made prefect of Ying. Taizu took Puzhou, but the defenders piled grass and set fires—Liang’s men could not get in. Chongshi lay in his tent with a festering wound; the generals dragged him up; he soaked every felt blanket in camp, threw them on the flames, and led elite troops in with short blades—the whole army poured after him and took Puzhou. Eight or nine wounds covered his body; his men carried him out. Taizu heard and cried: “I win Puzhou but lose Chongshi—how can that be!” He sent physicians; after a month Chongshi healed. When Wang Shifan surrendered, Chongshi was made acting governor of Qingzhou and rose to governor of the Youguo Army and co-equal of the Secretariat. For years he ruled with stern prestige and real kindness. Chongshi and Liu Han bore an old grudge; Han had whispered against him, and Taizu began to doubt. Chongshi sent Zhang Junlian west against Bin and Feng without permission; Junlian lost a skirmish; Taizu, calling it an unauthorized blow to the realm’s prestige, moved to punish him and sent Liu Han to replace Chongshi. Chongshi did not know Taizu was angry; when Han arrived he stayed inside; at the Green Gate his greeting was cold and proud; Han galloped to Taizu and said Chongshi had two hearts. Taizu’s fury deepened; Chongshi was demoted to prefect of Xi, then again to registrar at Yazhou; before he could depart, he was ordered to die.
31
徐懷玉
Xu Huaiyu
32
徐懷玉，亳州焦夷人也。 少事梁太祖，與太祖俱起微賤。 懷玉為將，以雄豪自任，而勇於戰陣。 從太祖鎮宣武，為永城鎮將。 秦宗權攻梁，壁金堤、靈昌、酸棗，懷玉以輕騎連擊破之，俘殺五千餘人，遷左長劍都虞候。 又破宗權於板橋、赤岡，拔其八柵。 從太祖東攻兗、鄆，破徐、宿。 懷玉金創被體，戰必克捷，所得賞賚，往往以分士卒，為梁名將。 本名琮，太祖賜名懷玉。 從太祖攻魏，敗魏兵黎陽，遂東攻兗，破朱瑾於金鄉。 又從龐師古攻楊行密，師古敗清口，懷玉獨完一軍，行收散卒萬餘人以歸。 遷沂州刺史，屬歲屢豐，乃繕兵治壁，為戰守具。 已而王師範叛梁，攻東境，懷玉屢以州兵擊破之。 遷齊州防禦使。 天復四年，以州兵遼昭宗都洛陽，遷華州觀察留後，以兵屯雍州。 遷右羽林統軍，屯於澤州，晉人攻之，為隧以入，懷玉擊之隧中，晉人乃卻。 太祖時，歷曹、晉二州刺史，晉數攻之，懷玉堅守，敗晉兵於洪洞。 拜保大軍節度使。 太祖崩，友珪自立，朱友謙附於晉，以襲鄜州，執懷玉殺之。
Xu Huaiyu came from Jiaoyi in Bozhou. As a youth he served Liang Taizu—they had risen together from nothing. Huaiyu styled himself a bold hero and fought fearlessly in the line. When Taizu held Xuanyi, Huaiyu commanded the garrison at Yongcheng. Qin Zongquan attacked Liang and walled himself at Jindi, Lingchang, and Suanzao; Huaiyu routed him again and again with light cavalry, killed or captured more than five thousand, and rose to Left Long-Sword Chief Inspector. He beat Zongquan again at Banqiao and Chigang and tore down eight stockades. With Taizu east against Yan and Yanzhou he broke Xu and Su. Wounds covered Huaiyu’s body; he always won; he split his rewards among the ranks—and became one of Liang’s great generals. Born Cong, he received the name Huaiyu from Taizu. With Taizu against Wei he crushed Wei at Liyang, then swung east, and broke Zhu Jin at Jinxiang. With Pang Shigu against Yang Xingmi, after Shigu’s rout at Qingkou Huaiyu saved an entire army whole, then gathered more than ten thousand scattered men on the march home. Made prefect of Yi, he used several fat harvest years to drill troops, repair walls, and stock the frontier for war. When Wang Shifan rebelled and struck the eastern marches, Huaiyu beat him again and again with his own prefectural force. He was made defense commissioner of Qi. In Tianfu 4 he led Qi troops to escort Emperor Zhaozong to Luoyang, became acting governor of Huazhou, and posted his army at Yongzhou. He was made commander of the Right Imperial Guard and encamped at Zezhou; when Jin troops attacked and dug a tunnel under the walls, Huaiyu met them inside and drove them back. Under Taizu he served as prefect of Cao and Jin in turn; Jin attacked again and again, but Huaiyu held both posts and routed Jin forces at Hongdong. He was made military governor of the Baoda Army. When Taizu died and Yougui seized the throne, Zhu Youqian went over to Jin and struck Fu Prefecture, captured Huaiyu, and killed him.