1
杜重威
Du Zhongwei
2
杜重威，朔州人也。 其妻石氏，晉高祖之女弟。 高祖即帝位，封石氏為公主，拜重威舒州刺史，以典禁兵。 從侯益攻破張從賓於汜水，以功拜潞州節度使。 範延光反於鄴，重威從高祖攻降延光，徙領忠武，加同平章事。 又徙領天平，遷侍衛親軍都指揮使。
Du Zhongwei was from Shuozhou. His wife, Lady Shi, was a younger sister of Gaozu's daughter. When Gaozu took the throne, he enfeoffed Lady Shi as a princess, made Zhongwei governor of Shuzhou, and put him in charge of the palace guard. He followed Hou Yi in defeating Zhang Congbin at Sishui and, for this service, was appointed military governor of Luzhou. When Fan Yanguang rebelled at Ye, Zhongwei followed Gaozu in attacking and forcing him to surrender, was transferred to command Zhongwu, and was made co-equal with the chief ministers. He was then transferred to command Tianping and promoted to commander of the Palace Personal Guard.
3
安重榮反，重威逆戰於宗城，重榮為偃月陣，重威擊之不動。 重威欲少卻以伺之，偏將王重胤曰：「兩兵方交，退者先敗。」 乃分兵為三，重威先以左右隊擊其兩翼，戰酣，重胤以精兵擊其中軍，重榮將趙彥之來奔，重榮遂大敗，走還鎮州，閉壁不敢出。 重威攻破之，以功拜重威成德軍節度使。
When An Chongrong rebelled, Zhongwei met him in battle at Zongcheng. Chongrong formed a crescent array, and Zhongwei's attacks failed to break it. Zhongwei wanted to pull back slightly and wait for an opening. Subordinate general Wang Chongyin said, "When two armies are already engaged, whoever retreats first is defeated. They divided their force into three. Zhongwei first sent the left and right wings against Chongrong's flanks. When the fighting was at its height, Chongyin struck the center with elite troops. Chongrong's general Zhao Yanzhi defected, and Chongrong was routed. He fled back to Zhenzhou, shut the gates, and did not dare come out. Zhongwei stormed and captured the city, and for this service was appointed military governor of Chengde.
4
重威出於武卒，無行而不知將略。 破鎮州，悉取府庫之積及重榮之貲，皆沒之家，高祖知而不問。 及出帝與契丹絕好，契丹連歲入寇，重威閉城自守，屬州城邑多所屠戮。 胡騎驅其人民千萬過其城下，重威登城望之，未嘗出救。
Zhongwei had risen from the ranks of common soldiers. He was without moral restraint and knew nothing of generalship. After capturing Zhenzhou, he seized all the wealth in the treasury and Chongrong's private fortune and kept it for his own household. Gaozu knew of this but did not call him to account. When Emperor Chudi broke with the Khitan and they raided year after year, Zhongwei shut himself in the city while many subordinate prefectures and towns were slaughtered. Khitan horsemen drove millions of common people past beneath his walls. Zhongwei climbed the wall to watch and never went out to save them.
5
開運元年，加重威北面行營招討使。 明年，引兵攻泰州，破滿城、遂城。 契丹已去至古北，還兵擊之，重威等南走，至陽城，為虜所困，賴符彥卿、張彥澤等因大風奮擊，契丹大潰。 諸將欲追之，重威為俚語曰：「逢賊得命，更望復子乎？」 乃收馬馳歸。
In the first year of Kaiyun, Zhongwei was made northern campaign commissioner and chief of forces for suppression. The next year he led troops against Taizhou and captured Mancheng and Suicheng. The Khitan had already withdrawn as far as Gubei, then turned back to attack. Zhongwei and the others fled south to Yangcheng, where they were trapped by the enemy. Fu Yanqing, Zhang Yanze, and the others struck hard in a strong wind, and the Khitan were routed. The generals wanted to pursue them. Zhongwei spoke in a vulgar saying: "You've escaped the bandits with your life—do you still hope to recover your sons? Then he gathered his horses and galloped back.
6
重威居鎮州，重斂其民，戶口雕敝，又懼契丹之至，乃連表乞還京師。 未報，亟上道，朝廷莫能止，即拜重威為鄴都留守。 而鎮州所留私粟十餘萬斛，殿中監王欽祚和市軍儲，乃錄以聞，給絹數萬匹以償之，重威大怒曰：「吾非反者，安得籍沒邪！」
While Zhongwei held Zhenzhou he heavily taxed the people until the population was depleted. Fearing the Khitan would arrive, he repeatedly memorialized asking to return to the capital. Before a reply came he hurried on the road. The court could not stop him, and he was at once appointed military governor of Yedu. More than a hundred thousand hu of private grain he had left at Zhenzhou was taken by Palace Director Wang Qinzuo to purchase army provisions. This was recorded and reported, and tens of thousands of bolts of silk were given in compensation. Zhongwei flew into a rage: "I am no rebel—how can my property be confiscated!"
7
三年秋，契丹高牟翰詐以瀛州降，復以重威為北面行營招討使。 是秋，天下大水，霖雨六十餘日，饑殍盈路，居民拆木以供爨，剉槁席以秣馬牛，重威兵行泥潦中，調發供饋，遠近愁苦。 重威至瀛州，牟翰已棄城去，重威退屯武強。 契丹寇鎮、定，重威西趨中渡橋，與虜夾滹沱河而軍。 偏將宋彥筠、王清渡水力戰，而重威按軍不動，彥筠遂敗，清戰死。 轉運使李穀教重威以三腳木為橋，募敢死士過河擊賊，諸將皆以為然，獨重威不許。
In the autumn of the third year, the Khitan commander Gao Muhann falsely offered to surrender Yingzhou, and Zhongwei was again made northern campaign commissioner. That autumn floods covered the empire. Rain fell for more than sixty days. Starving corpses filled the roads. Residents tore down timber for cooking fires and shredded straw mats to feed horses and cattle. Zhongwei's army marched through mud and mire, and requisitions and supplies brought distress near and far. Zhongwei reached Yingzhou, but Muhann had already abandoned the city and left. Zhongwei withdrew and encamped at Wuqiang. The Khitan raided Zhen and Ding. Zhongwei hastened west toward Zhongdu Bridge and encamped facing them across the Hutuo River. Subordinate generals Song Yanjun and Wang Qing crossed the river and fought fiercely, but Zhongwei held his army still. Yanjun was defeated and Qing died in battle. Transport commissioner Li Gu urged Zhongwei to build a bridge of tripods and recruit dare-to-die soldiers to cross the river and strike the enemy. All the generals agreed—only Zhongwei would not permit it.
8
契丹遣騎兵夜並西山擊欒城，斷重威軍後。 是時，重威已有異志，而糧道隔絕，乃陰遣人詣契丹請降。 契丹大悅，許以中國與重威為帝，重威信以為然，乃伏甲士，召諸將告以降虜。 諸將愕然，以上將先降，乃皆聽命。 重威出降表使諸將書名，乃令軍士陣於柵外，軍士猶喜躍以為決戰，重威告以糧盡出降，軍士解甲大哭，聲震原野。 契丹賜重威赭袍，使衣以示諸軍，拜重威太傅。
The Khitan sent cavalry by night along the western hills to strike Luancheng, cutting off Zhongwei's rear. By then Zhongwei already harbored disloyal intentions. With his supply lines severed, he secretly sent men to the Khitan to request surrender. The Khitan were greatly pleased and promised him the Central Plain and the imperial throne. Zhongwei believed them, concealed armed men, and summoned the generals to announce surrender to the enemy. The generals were stunned; since the chief commander would surrender first, they all obeyed. Zhongwei produced a surrender document and had the generals sign their names. Then he ordered the soldiers to form up outside the palisade. The troops still leapt for joy, thinking a decisive battle was at hand. When Zhongwei announced that rations were exhausted and they would surrender, the soldiers stripped their armor and wept until their cries shook field and sky. The Khitan granted Zhongwei a russet robe and had him wear it before the armies, then invested him as Grand Tutor.
9
契丹犯京師，重威以晉兵屯陳橋，士卒饑凍，不勝其苦。 重威出入道中，市人隨而詬之，重威俯首不敢仰顧。 契丹據京師，率城中錢帛以賞軍，將相皆不免，重威當率萬緡，乃訴於契丹曰：「臣以晉軍十萬先降，乃獨不免率乎？」 契丹笑而免之，遣還鄴都。 明年，契丹北歸，重威與其妻石氏詣虜帳中為別。
When the Khitan stormed the capital, Zhongwei kept the Jin troops encamped at Chenqiao. The soldiers suffered hunger and cold beyond endurance. As Zhongwei passed through the streets, townspeople followed and reviled him. He bowed his head and did not dare look up. The Khitan held the capital and levied the city's money and silk to reward their army. Ministers and generals were none exempt. Zhongwei was assessed ten thousand strings of cash. He appealed to the Khitan: "Your subject led a hundred thousand Jin troops to surrender first—why alone am I not exempt from the levy? The Khitan laughed and exempted him, then sent him back to Yedu. The next year the Khitan withdrew north. Zhongwei and his wife Lady Shi went to the enemy camp to bid farewell.
10
漢高祖定京師，拜重威太尉、歸德軍節度使，重威懼，不受命。 遣高行周攻之，不克，高祖乃自將攻之。 遣給事中陳同以詔書召之，重威不聽命，而漢兵數敗，圍之百餘日。 初，契丹留燕兵千五百人在京師，高祖自太原入，告者言其將反，高祖悉誅於繁臺，其亡者奔於鄴。 燕將張璉先以兵二千在鄴，聞燕兵見殺，乃勸重威固守。 高祖已殺燕兵，悔之，數遣人招璉等，璉登城呼曰：「繁臺之誅，燕兵何罪？ 既無生理，請以死守！」 重威食盡，屑麹而食，民多逾城出降，皆無人色。 重威乃遣判官王敏及其妻相次請降，高祖許之。 重威素服出見高祖，高祖赦重威，拜檢校太師、守太傅、兼中書令。 悉誅璉及重威將吏，而錄其私帑，以重威歸京師。
After Emperor Gaozu of Han secured the capital, he appointed Zhongwei Grand Commandant and military governor of Guide. Zhongwei was afraid and did not accept. He sent Gao Xingzhou to attack him but could not overcome the city. Gaozu then personally led the assault. He sent Secretariat Gentleman Chen Tong with an imperial summons, but Zhongwei would not obey. Han forces suffered several defeats and besieged the city for more than a hundred days. Earlier the Khitan had left fifteen hundred Yan soldiers in the capital. When Gaozu entered from Taiyuan, informers said they would rebel. Gaozu executed them all at Fantai. Those who escaped fled to Ye. The Yan general Zhang Lian had already been at Ye with two thousand men. Hearing the Yan troops had been killed, he urged Zhongwei to hold firm. Gaozu regretted killing the Yan soldiers and repeatedly sent men to summon Zhang Lian and the others. Lian shouted from the wall: "At the massacre at Fantai, what crime had the Yan soldiers committed? With no hope of life, we ask only to defend to the death! Zhongwei's food was exhausted. They ground chaff to eat. Many townspeople climbed over the walls to surrender, all deathly pale. Zhongwei then sent his aide Wang Min and then his wife in succession to request surrender. Gaozu granted it. Zhongwei appeared before Gaozu in plain dress. Gaozu pardoned Zhongwei and appointed him acting Grand Tutor with concurrent appointments as Grand Preceptor and Director of the Secretariat. He executed Zhang Lian and Zhongwei's officers, confiscated his private stores, and brought Zhongwei back to the capital.
11
高祖病甚，顧大臣曰：「善防重威！」 高祖崩，秘不發喪，大臣乃共誅之，及其子弘璋、弘璨、弘遂屍於市，市人蹴而詬之，吏不能禁，支裂蹈踐，斯須而盡。
When Gaozu was gravely ill he looked at his ministers and said, "Take good care against Zhongwei! After Gaozu died the death was kept secret. The ministers jointly executed Zhongwei and his sons Hongzhang, Hongcan, and Hongsui. Their bodies were exposed in the market. Townspeople kicked and reviled them. Officers could not restrain them. The corpses were torn apart and trampled until in a moment nothing remained.
12
李守貞
Li Shouzhen
13
賊平行賞，守貞悉以黦茶染木給之，軍中大怒，以帛裹之為人首，梟於木間，曰：「守貞首也。」 守貞以功拜同平章事，賜以光遠舊第，守貞取旁官民舍大治之，為京師之甲。 出帝臨幸，燕錫恩禮，出於諸將。
When the bandits were pacified and rewards were distributed, Shouzhen gave them all wood dyed with tea instead. The army was furious. They wrapped cloth into the shape of human heads and hung them on trees, saying, "These are Shouzhen's heads. For his merit Shouzhen was made co-equal with the chief ministers and given Guangyuan's old residence. Shouzhen seized neighboring official and private houses and rebuilt on a grand scale, making it the finest in the capital. When Emperor Chudi visited in person, he feasted and bestowed favors beyond those given other generals.
14
契丹入寇，出帝再幸澶州，杜重威為北面招討使，守貞為都監。 晉兵素驕，而守貞、重威為將皆無節制，行營所至，居民豢圉一空，至於草木皆盡。 其始發軍也，有賜賚，曰「掛甲錢」，及班師，又加賞勞，曰「卸甲錢」，出入之費，常不下三十萬，由此晉之公私重困。 守貞與重威等攻下泰州，破滿城，殺二千餘人。 還，為侍衛親軍都指揮使，領天平軍節度使，又領歸德。
When the Khitan invaded, Emperor Chudi twice went in person to Chanzou. Du Zhongwei was northern campaign commander and Shouzhen was overall supervisor. Jin troops had long been arrogant, and neither Shouzhen nor Zhongwei as commanders exercised restraint. Wherever their camps went, the people's livestock was emptied and even vegetation was consumed. When troops first marched out there was a grant called "armor-hanging money," and when they returned there was added reward called "armor-removing money." The expense going and coming was never less than three hundred thousand. From this both public and private Jin resources were heavily strained. Shouzhen and Zhongwei and the others captured Taizhou, stormed Mancheng, and killed more than two thousand. On their return Shouzhen became commander of the Palace Personal Guard, held the Tianping military governorship, and also held Guide.
15
是時，出帝遣人以書招趙延壽使歸國，延壽詐言思歸，願得晉兵為應，而契丹高牟翰亦詐以瀛州降，出帝以為然，命杜重威等將兵應之。 初，晉大臣皆言重威不忠，有怨望之心，不可用，乃用守貞。 是時，重威鎮魏州，守貞嘗將兵往來過魏，重威待之甚厚，多以戈甲金帛奉之。 出帝嘗謂守貞曰：「卿常以家財散士卒，可謂忠於國者乎！」 守貞謝曰：「皆重威與臣者。」 因請與重威俱北。 於是卒以重威為招討使，守貞為都監，屯於武強。 契丹寇鎮、定，守貞等軍於中渡，遂與重威降於契丹。 契丹以守貞為司徒。 契丹犯京師，拜守貞天平軍節度使。
At that time Emperor Chudi sent a letter summoning Zhao Yanshou to return to the state. Yanshou falsely claimed he wished to return and asked for Jin troops to coordinate, while the Khitan Gao Muhann also falsely offered to surrender Yingzhou. Chudi believed them and ordered Du Zhongwei and others to lead troops in response. Earlier Jin ministers had all said Zhongwei was disloyal and nursed resentment and should not be used; so Shouzhen was employed instead. At that time Zhongwei held Weizhou. Shouzhen often led troops passing through Wei, and Zhongwei treated him very generously, giving him many weapons, armor, gold, and silk. Emperor Chudi once said to Shouzhen, "You often disperse your household wealth among soldiers—is this loyalty to the state! Shouzhen apologized, "It was all given me by Zhongwei." He then asked to go north together with Zhongwei. In the end Zhongwei was made campaign commander and Shouzhen overall supervisor, and they encamped at Wuqiang. The Khitan raided Zhen and Ding. Shouzhen and the others encamped at Zhongdu, then surrendered to the Khitan along with Zhongwei. The Khitan made Shouzhen Minister of Education. When the Khitan assaulted the capital, Shouzhen was appointed military governor of Tianping.
16
漢高祖入京師，守貞來朝，拜太保、河中節度使。 高祖崩，杜重威死，守貞懼，不自安，以謂漢室新造，隱帝初立，天下易以圖，而門下僧總倫以方術陰幹守貞，為言有非常之相，守貞乃決計反。 而趙思綰先以京兆反，遣人以赭黃衣遺守貞，守貞大喜，以為天人皆應，乃發兵西據潼關，招誘草寇，所在竊發。 漢遣白文珂、常思等出軍擊之。 已而王景崇又以鳳翔反，景崇與思綰遣人推守貞為秦王，守貞拜景崇等官爵。 又遣人間以蠟丸書遺吳、蜀、契丹，使出兵以牽漢。
When Emperor Gaozu of Han entered the capital, Shouzhen came to court and was appointed Grand Guardian and military governor of Hezhong. When Gaozu died and Du Zhongwei was killed, Shouzhen was afraid and ill at ease. He thought the Han house was newly established, Emperor Yin had just acceded, and the empire would be easy to seize. A monk under his patronage, Zonglun, used occult arts to work on Shouzhen privately and told him he had the countenance of one destined for extraordinary rule. Shouzhen then resolved to rebel. Zhao Siwen had already rebelled at Jingzhao and sent someone with an imperial-yellow robe to Shouzhen. Shouzhen was greatly pleased, thinking heaven and men both responded. He raised troops, seized Tong Pass in the west, and recruited bandits, who rose everywhere. Han sent Bai Wenke, Chang Si, and others out with troops to strike them. Before long Wang Jingchong also rebelled at Fengxiang. Jingchong and Siwen sent men to urge Shouzhen as King of Qin. Shouzhen invested Jingchong and the others with titles. He also sent men with wax-sealed letters to Wu, Shu, and the Khitan to move them to tie down Han forces.
17
文珂等攻景崇、思綰等久無功，隱帝乃遣樞密使郭威率禁兵將文珂等督攻之。 諸將皆請先擊思綰、景崇，威計未知所向。 行至華州，節度使扈彥珂謂威曰：「三叛連衡，以守貞為主，守貞先敗，則思綰、景崇可傳聲而破矣。 若舍近圖遠，使守貞出兵於後，思綰、景崇拒戰於前，則漢兵屈矣。」 威以為然，遂先擊守貞。
Wenke and the others had long attacked Jingchong and Siwen without success. Emperor Yin sent Grand Councilor Guo Wei to lead palace troops and take command of Wenke and the others to press the assault. All the generals asked to strike Siwen and Jingchong first. Wei had not yet decided which way to turn. Reaching Huazhou, Military Governor Hu Yanke said to Wei, "The three rebels are allied with Shouzhen as their head. If Shouzhen falls first, Siwen and Jingchong can be broken by rumor alone. If you abandon what is near to strike what is far and let Shouzhen attack from behind while Siwen and Jingchong hold the front, Han forces will be overmatched. Wei agreed and first attacked Shouzhen.
18
是時，馮道罷相居河陽，威初出兵，過道家問策，道曰：「君知博乎？」 威少無賴，好蒲博，以為道譏之，艴然而怒。 道曰：「凡博者錢多則多勝，錢少則多敗，非其不善博，所以敗者，勢也。 今合諸將之兵以攻一城，較其多少，勝敗可知。」 威大悟，謀以遲久困之，乃與諸將分為三柵，柵其城三面，而闕其南，發五縣丁夫築長城以連三柵。 守貞出其兵壞長城，威輒補其所壞，守貞輒出爭之，守貞兵常失十三四，如此逾年，守貞城中兵無幾，而食又盡，殺人而食。 威曰：「可矣。」 乃為期日，督兵四面攻而破之。 初，守貞召總倫問以濟否，總倫曰：「王當自有天下，然分野方災，俟殺人垂盡，則王事濟矣。」 守貞以為然。 嘗會將吏大飲，守貞指畫虎圖曰：「吾有天命者中其掌。」 引弓一發中之，將吏皆拜賀，守貞益以自負。 城破，守貞與妻子自焚，漢軍入城，於煙燼中斬其首，傳送京師，梟於南市，其餘黨皆磔之。
At that time Feng Dao had retired from the chancellorship and lived at Heyang. When Wei first set out he passed Feng's house to ask advice. Feng said, "Do you know gambling? In youth Wei had been a wastrel who loved gambling and thought Feng was mocking him. He flushed with anger. Feng said, "In gambling, whoever has more money wins more often and whoever has less loses more often. It is not that one gambles poorly—the loser is overcome by circumstances. Now you are joining all the generals' forces to attack one city. Compare the numbers and victory or defeat can be known. Wei understood at once. He planned to wear the enemy down over time. With the generals he divided into three palisades, palisading three sides of the city and leaving the south open. He drafted corvée labor from five counties to build a long wall linking the three palisades. Shouzhen sent troops out to destroy the long wall. Wei at once repaired what was broken. Shouzhen again sent men out to contest it. Shouzhen's forces regularly lost three or four tenths. After more than a year there were few troops left in the city and food was exhausted; men killed one another for food. Wei said, "It can be done. He set a date and drove troops to attack on four sides and broke through. Earlier Shouzhen had summoned Zonglun and asked whether he would succeed. Zonglun said, "Your Highness is destined to possess the realm, but the astral field is now afflicted. Wait until men have nearly all been killed—then your cause will succeed. Shouzhen believed him. Once at a great feast with officers he pointed at a painted tiger and said, "Whoever has the Mandate of Heaven will hit its paw. He drew his bow and hit it with one shot. The officers all bowed in congratulations and Shouzhen grew still prouder. When the city fell Shouzhen burned himself with his wife and children. Han troops entered the city, cut off his head from the embers, sent it to the capital, and displayed it at the southern market. The rest of his partisans were all dismembered.
19
張彥澤
Zhang Yanze
20
張彥澤，其先突厥部人也。 後徙居陰山，又徙太原。 彥澤為人驍悍殘忍，目睛黃而夜有光，顧視如猛獸。 以善射為騎將，數從莊宗、明宗戰伐。 與晉高祖連姻，高祖時，已為護聖右廂都指揮使、曹州刺史。 與討範延光，拜鎮國軍節度使，歲中，徙鎮彰義。
Zhang Yanze's ancestors were Tujue tribesmen. Later they moved to the Yin Mountains, then again to Taiyuan. Yanze was fierce, cruel, and savage. His eyes were yellow and glinted at night; when he turned his gaze he looked like a fierce beast. Skilled at archery, he became a cavalry commander and repeatedly followed Emperors Zhuangzong and Mingzong into battle. He was connected by marriage to Gaozu of Jin. During Gaozu's reign he already held command of the right wing of the Imperial Guard and the governorship of Cao Prefecture. He joined the campaign against Fan Yanguang and was appointed military governor of Zhenguo. Within the year he was transferred to Zhangyi.
21
為政暴虐，常怒其子，數笞辱之。 子逃至齊州，州捕送京師，高祖以歸彥澤。 彥澤上章請殺之，其掌書記張式不肯為作章，屢諫止之。 彥澤怒，引弓射式，式走而免。 式素為彥澤所厚，多任以事，左右小人皆素嫉之，因共讒式，且迫之曰：「不速去，當及禍。」 式乃出奔。 彥澤遣指揮使李興以二十騎追之，戒曰：「式不肯來，當取其頭以來！」 式至衍州，刺史以兵援之門邠州，節度使李周留式，馳騎以聞，詔流式商州。 彥澤遣司馬鄭元昭詣闕論請，期必得式，且曰：「彥澤若不得張式，患在不測。」 高祖不得已，與之。 彥澤得式，剖心、決口、斷手足而斬之。
In office he was brutal and tyrannical. He often flew into rages at his son and repeatedly beat and humiliated him. His son fled to Qizhou. The prefecture captured him and sent him to the capital, and Gaozu returned him to Yanze. Yanze memorialized asking to have him killed. His chief secretary Zhang Shi refused to draft the memorial and repeatedly urged him to stop. Yanze flew into a rage, drew his bow, and shot at Shi, who fled and escaped. Shi had long been favored by Yanze and entrusted with many duties. The petty men around Yanze had long envied him. They slandered him together and pressed him: "If you don't leave quickly, disaster will find you. Shi then fled. Yanze sent Commander Li Xing with twenty horsemen in pursuit and ordered: "If Shi won't come, bring back his head! Shi reached Binzhou. The prefect supported him with troops. Military Governor Li Zhou of Bin retained him, sent fast riders to report the matter, and an edict exiled Shi to Shangzhou. Yanze sent his aide Zheng Yuanzhao to court to argue his case, insisting he must have Shi, and saying, "If Yanze does not get Zhang Shi, there is no telling what calamity may follow. Gaozu had no choice and surrendered Shi to him. Once Yanze had Shi in his hands, he cut out his heart, split open his mouth, severed his limbs, and beheaded him.
22
高祖遣王周代彥澤，以為右武衛大將軍。 周奏彥澤所為不法者二十六條，並述涇人殘敝之狀，式父鐸詣闕訴冤，諫議大夫鄭受益、曹國珍，尚書刑部郎中李濤、張麟，員外郎麻麟、王禧伏閣上疏，論彥澤殺式之冤，皆不省。 濤見高祖切諫，高祖曰：「彥澤功臣，吾嘗許其不死。」 濤厲聲曰：「彥澤罪若可容，延光鐵券何在！」 高祖怒，起去，濤隨之諫不已，高祖不得已，召式父鐸、弟守貞、子希範等，皆拜以官，為蠲涇州民稅，免其雜役一年，下詔罪己，然彥澤止削階、降爵而已。 於是國珍等復與御史中丞王易簡率三院御史詣閣門連疏論之，不報。
Gaozu sent Wang Zhou to replace Yanze and demoted Yanze to general of the Right Martial Guard. Zhou memorialized twenty-six illegal acts by Yanze and described how the people of Jing had been ruined. Shi's father Duo came to court to plead his grievance. Remonstrance officials Zheng Shouyi and Cao Guozhen, Directors of the Ministry of Justice Li Tao and Zhang Lin, and Assistant Directors Ma Lin and Wang Xi submitted memorials at the palace gate denouncing the injustice of Yanze's killing of Shi. None received attention. Tao saw Gaozu and remonstrated forcefully. Gaozu said, "Yanze is a meritorious minister. I once promised he would not die. Tao said loudly, "If Yanze's crime can be forgiven, where is Yanguang's iron certificate!" Gaozu was angry, rose, and left. Tao followed and kept remonstrating. Gaozu had no choice. He summoned Shi's father Duo, brother Shouzhen, son Xifan, and the others and invested them all with offices. He remitted the taxes of the people of Jing Prefecture and exempted them from corvée for one year, and issued an edict blaming himself. Yet Yanze was merely reduced in rank and demoted in title. Thereupon Guozhen and the others again joined Censor-in-Chief Wang Yijian in leading censors of the three bureaus to the palace gate with successive memorials arguing the case. No reply came.
23
出帝時，彥澤為左龍武軍大將軍，遷右武衛上將軍，又遷右神武統軍。 自契丹與晉戰河北，彥澤在兵間，數立戰功，拜彰國軍節度使。 與契丹戰陽城，為契丹所圍，而軍中無水，鑿井輒壞，又天大風，契丹順風揚塵奮擊甚銳，軍中大懼。 彥澤以問諸將，諸將皆曰：「今虜乘上風，而吾居其下，宜待風回乃可戰。」 彥澤以為然。 諸將皆去，偏將藥元福獨留，謂彥澤曰：「今軍中饑渴已甚，若待風回，吾屬為虜矣！ 且逆風而戰，敵人謂我必不能，所謂出其不意。」 彥澤即拔拒馬力戰，契丹奔北二十餘里，追至衛村，又大敗之，契丹遁去。
Under Emperor Chudi, Yanze served as general of the Left Dragon Martial Guard, was promoted to senior general of the Right Martial Guard, and then to commander of the Right Divine Martial Guard. From the time the Khitan fought Jin in Hebei, Yanze served in the field and repeatedly distinguished himself in battle. He was appointed military governor of Zhangguo. He fought the Khitan at Yangcheng and was surrounded. The army had no water; every well they dug collapsed. A great wind arose, and the Khitan, with the wind at their backs, raised dust and struck fiercely. Great fear spread through the army. Yanze consulted the generals. All said, "The enemy has the wind and we are below them. We should wait for the wind to shift before we fight. Yanze agreed. All the generals left. Only subordinate general Yao Yuanfu remained and said to Yanze, "Hunger and thirst in the army are extreme. If we wait for the wind to shift, we will all become captives! Besides, fighting against the wind—the enemy will think we cannot. That is taking them by surprise. Yanze at once pulled up the abatis and fought hard. The Khitan fled north more than twenty li. Pursuit reached Weicun and routed them again. The Khitan fled.
24
開運三年秋，杜重威為都招討使，李守貞兵馬都監，彥澤馬軍都排陣使。 彥澤往來鎮、定之間，敗契丹於泰州，斬首二千級。 重威、守貞攻瀛州不克，退及武強，聞契丹空國入寇，惶惑不知所之，而彥澤適至，言虜可破之狀，乃與重威等西趨鎮州。 彥澤為先鋒，至中渡橋，已為虜所據，彥澤猶力戰爭橋，燒其半，虜小敗卻，乃夾河而寨。
In the autumn of the third year of Kaiyun, Du Zhongwei was overall campaign commander, Li Shouzhen was overall supervisor of horse and foot, and Yanze was chief array officer of the cavalry. Yanze ranged between Zhen and Ding, defeated the Khitan at Taizhou, and took two thousand heads. Zhongwei and Shouzhen failed to take Yingzhou, withdrew to Wuqiang, and heard the Khitan had emptied their state to invade. Panicked and unsure where to go, they were joined by Yanze, who argued the enemy could be beaten. They then hurried west with Zhongwei toward Zhenzhou. Yanze served as vanguard. At Zhongdu Bridge, already held by the enemy, he still fought hard for it, burned half the bridge, and drove the enemy back in a small defeat. Both sides then encamped facing each other across the river.
25
十二月丙寅，重威、守貞叛降契丹，彥澤亦降。 耶律德光犯闕，遣彥澤與傅住兒以二千騎先入京師，彥澤倍道疾驅，至河，銜枚夜渡。 壬申夜五鼓，自封丘門斬關而入。 有頃，宮中火發，出帝以劍擁後宮十餘人將赴火，為小吏薛超所持。 彥澤自寬仁門傳德光與皇太后書入，乃滅火。 大內都點檢康福全宿衛寬仁門，登樓覘賊，彥澤呼而下之，諸門皆啟。 彥澤頓兵明德樓前，遣傅住兒入傳戎王宣語，帝脫黃袍，素服再拜受命。 使人召彥澤，彥澤謝曰：「臣無面目見陛下。」 復使召之，彥澤笑而不答。
On the day bingyin of the twelfth month, Zhongwei and Shouzhen rebelled and surrendered to the Khitan. Yanze surrendered as well. Yelü Deguang marched on the capital and sent Yanze and Fuzhu'er with two thousand horsemen to enter the city first. Yanze pressed on by forced marches, reached the river, and crossed at night with gags in the soldiers' mouths. At the fifth watch on the night of renshen, he cut through Fengqiu Gate and entered. Before long fire broke out in the palace. Emperor Chudi, sword in hand, gathered more than ten women of the inner palace and was about to throw himself into the flames. Minor official Xue Chao seized him. Yanze sent in from Kuanren Gate a letter from Deguang to the Empress Dowager, and only then was the fire put out. Chief Inspector of the Inner Palace Kang Fuquan kept watch at Kuanren Gate, climbed a tower to spy on the enemy, and was summoned down by Yanze. All the gates were opened. Yanze halted his troops before Mingde Tower and sent Fuzhu'er in to transmit the Khitan emperor's proclamation. The emperor removed his yellow robe, put on plain dress, bowed twice, and accepted the command. He sent someone to summon Yanze. Yanze declined, "Your subject has no face with which to see Your Majesty. He sent again to summon him. Yanze smiled and did not reply.
26
明日，遷帝於開封府，帝與太后、皇后肩輿，宮嬪、宦者十餘人皆步從。 彥澤遣控鶴指揮使李筠以兵監守，內外不通。 帝與太后所上德光表章，皆先示彥澤乃敢遣。 帝取內庫帛數段，主者曰：「此非帝有也。」 不與。 又使求酒於李崧，崧曰：「臣家有酒非敢惜，慮陛下憂躁，飲之有不測之虞，所以不敢進。」 帝姑烏氏公主私賂守門者，得入與帝訣，歸第自經死。 德光渡河，帝欲郊迎，彥澤不聽，遣白德光，德光報曰：「天無二日，豈有兩天子相見於道路邪！」 乃止。
The next day the emperor was moved to the Kaifeng Prefecture office. The emperor, the Empress Dowager, and the Empress rode in palanquins. More than ten palace women and eunuchs followed on foot. Yanze sent Crane-Control Commander Li Jun with troops to guard him. Inside and outside could not communicate. Every memorial the emperor and Empress Dowager submitted to Deguang had to be shown to Yanze first before they dared send it. The emperor took several lengths of silk from the inner treasury. The custodian said, "These do not belong to the emperor. He refused to give them. He also sent to ask Li Song for wine. Song said, "I have wine at home and do not begrudge it, but I fear Your Majesty is anxious and agitated. Drinking might bring unforeseen trouble. Therefore I dare not present it. The emperor's aunt, Princess Wushi, privately bribed the gatekeepers, entered to bid the emperor farewell, returned home, and hanged herself. Deguang crossed the river. The emperor wished to go out to the suburbs to welcome him. Yanze would not permit it and sent word to Deguang. Deguang replied, "Heaven has no two suns—how could two emperors meet on the road! The plan was abandoned.
27
初，彥澤至京師，李濤謂人曰：「吾禍至矣！ 與其逃於溝竇而不免，不若往見之。」 濤見彥澤，為俚語以自投死，彥澤笑而厚待之。
When Yanze first reached the capital, Li Tao said to others, "Disaster has come upon me! Rather than flee into ditches and holes and still not escape, it is better to go see him. Tao went to see Yanze and spoke in a vulgar saying as if offering himself to death. Yanze laughed and treated him generously.
28
彥澤自以有功於契丹，晝夜酣飲自娛，出入騎從常數百人，猶題其旗幟曰「赤心為主」。 迫遷出帝，遂輦內庫，輸之私第，因縱軍士大掠京師。 軍士邏獲罪人，彥澤醉不能問，瞋目視之，出三手指，軍士即驅出斷其腰領。 皇子延煦母楚國夫人丁氏有色，彥澤使人求於皇太后，太后遲疑未與，即劫取之。 彥澤與閣門使高勛有隙，乘醉入其家，殺數人而去。
Yanze considered himself to have merit toward the Khitan. Day and night he drank heavily for pleasure. When he went out he was followed by several hundred horsemen. He still inscribed his banners: "Red heart loyal to the lord." After forcing Emperor Chudi's removal, he carted off the inner treasury to his private residence and let his soldiers plunder the capital on a grand scale. When soldiers on patrol captured criminals, Yanze, too drunk to question them, glared and held up three fingers. The soldiers at once drove the victims out and cut through waist and neck. The mother of Prince Yanshu, Lady Ding of Chu, was beautiful. Yanze sent men to request her from the Empress Dowager. When the Empress Dowager hesitated, he seized her by force. Yanze had a grudge with Gatekeeper Commissioner Gao Xun. Drunk, he entered his house, killed several people, and left.
29
耶律德光至京師，聞彥澤劫掠，怒，鎖之。 高勛亦自訴於德光，德光以其狀示百官及都人，問：「彥澤當誅否？」 百官皆請不赦，而都人爭投狀疏其惡，乃命高勛監殺之。 彥澤前所殺士大夫子孫，皆缞绖杖哭，隨而詬詈，以杖樸之，彥澤俯首無一言。 行至北市，斷腕出鎖，然後用刑，勛剖其心祭死者，市人爭破其腦，取其髓，臠其肉而食之。
When Yelü Deguang reached the capital and heard Yanze had plundered, he was furious and put him in chains. Gao Xun also appealed to Deguang himself. Deguang showed his account to officials and townspeople and asked, "Should Yanze be executed? All the officials asked that he not be pardoned, and townspeople competed in submitting documents listing his crimes. Deguang then ordered Gao Xun to supervise his execution. The sons and grandsons of the scholar-officials Yanze had killed all wore mourning hemp and wept with staves, followed along reviling him, and beat him with staves. Yanze bowed his head without a word. At the northern market his wrist was cut to remove the shackles, and only then was the punishment applied. Xun cut out his heart to sacrifice to the dead. Townspeople competed in breaking his skull, taking his marrow, and cutting his flesh to eat it.
30
嗚呼，晉之事醜矣，而惡亦極也！ 其禍亂覆亡之不暇，蓋必然之理爾。 使重威等雖不叛以降虜，亦未必不亡； 然開虜之隙，自一景延廣，而卒成晉禍者，此三人也。 視重威、彥澤之死，而晉人所以甘心者，可以知其憤疾怨怒於斯人者，非一日也。 至於爭已戮之屍，臠其肉，剔其髓而食之，撦裂蹈踐，斯須而盡，何其甚哉！ 此自古未有也。 然當是時，舉晉之兵皆在北面，國之存亡，系此三人之勝敗，則其任可謂重矣。 蓋天下惡之如彼，晉方任之如此，而終以不悟，豈非所謂「臨亂之君，各賢其臣」者歟？
Alas, the affairs of Jin were ugly, and the evil reached its extreme! That calamity and chaos left no time for survival—this was surely inevitable. Even if Zhongwei and the others had not rebelled and surrendered to the enemy, Jin might not necessarily have survived; Yet the breach with the barbarians began with Jing Yanguang alone, and those who in the end brought Jin's calamity were these three men. Judging from the deaths of Zhongwei and Yanze and how the people of Jin were satisfied at heart, one can see that their fury and resentment toward these men had been building for a long time. As for competing over already executed corpses, cutting their flesh, scraping out their marrow and eating it, tearing and trampling until in a moment nothing remained—how extreme! Nothing like this had ever been seen since antiquity. Yet at that time all Jin's armies were on the northern front. The survival or destruction of the state hung on the victory or defeat of these three men. Their responsibility was weighty indeed. The empire hated them as it did, yet Jin employed them as it did, and in the end still did not awaken—is this not what is meant by "a ruler facing chaos, each thinking his own ministers wise"?