Volume 1 Annals 1: Taizu

太祖法天啟運聖武皇帝，諱鐵木真，姓奇渥溫氏，蒙古部人。太祖其十世祖孛端義兒，母曰阿蘭果火，嫁脫奔咩哩犍，生二子，長曰博寒葛答黑，次曰博合睹撒裏直。既而夫亡，阿蘭寡居，夜寢帳中，夢白光自天窗中入，化為金色神人，來趨臥榻。阿蘭驚覺，遂有娠，產一子，即孛端義兒也。孛端義兒狀貌奇異，沉默寡言，家人謂之癡，獨阿蘭語人曰：「此兒非癡，後世子孫必有大貴者。」阿蘭沒，諸兄分家貲，不及之。孛端義兒曰：「貧賤富貴，命也，貲財何足道！」獨乘青白馬，至八里屯阿懶之地居焉。食飲無所得，適有蒼鷹搏野獸而食，孛端義兒以緡設機取之，鷹即馴狎，乃臂鷹，獵兔禽以為膳，或闕即繼，似有天相之。

Taizu, the Emperor Who Conformed to Heaven, Initiated Fortune, and Was Sacredly Martial, bore the personal name Temüjin; he belonged to the Kiyad clan and was a man of the Mongol tribe. Taizu's tenth-generation ancestor was Boduanchid. His mother, Alan Gua, married Dobun Meren and bore two sons—the elder Bo'arji and the younger Belgüdei. After her husband died, Alan lived alone as a widow. One night, asleep in her tent, she dreamed that a shaft of white light entered through the smoke-hole, became a golden divine figure, and moved toward her bed. Startled awake, Alan soon found herself with child and gave birth to a son—Boduanchid. Boduanchid looked odd and spoke little; the family took him for a fool. Alan alone told others, "This boy is no fool—among his descendants there will surely be someone of great eminence." After Alan died, her elder brothers divided the family property and left him with nothing. Boduanchid said, "Poverty and wealth, low estate and high—these are fate. What are goods and wealth worth?" He mounted a gray-white horse alone and went to live at Balitun Alan. He had nothing to eat or drink. Then he saw a dark eagle strike down a wild beast to feed. Boduanchid snared it with a cord; the bird grew tame at once. He kept it on his arm and hunted rabbits and fowl for his meals—and whenever one quarry failed, another seemed to appear, as if Heaven were watching over him.

居月，有民數十家自統急裏忽魯之野逐水草來遷。孛端義兒結茅與之居，出入相資，自此生理稍足。一日，仲兄忽思之，曰：「孛端義兒獨出而無齎，近者得無凍餒乎？」即自來訪，邀與俱歸。孛端義兒中路謂其兄曰：「統急裏忽魯之民無所屬附，若臨之以兵，可服也。」兄以為然，至家，即選壯士，令孛端義兒帥之前行，果盡降之。

After a month, several dozen households arrived from the pastures of Tongjilihur, moving with the grass and water. Boduanchid built huts and settled among them; they helped one another in daily life, and from then on his livelihood slowly improved. One day his second elder brother thought of him and said, "Boduanchid went off alone without provisions—could he not be freezing and starving by now?" He came to visit in person and invited Boduanchid to return home with him. On the way Boduanchid told his brother, "The people of Tongjilihur have no lord to follow. If we confront them with armed men, they can be brought to submit." His brother agreed. When they reached home, he chose strong men at once and sent Boduanchid ahead in command—and indeed the people all submitted.

孛端義兒歿，子八林昔黑剌禿合必畜嗣，生子曰咩撚篤敦。咩撚篤敦妻曰莫拿倫，生七子而寡。莫拿倫性剛急。時押剌伊而部有群小兒掘田間草根以為食，莫拿倫乘車出，適見之，怒曰：「此田乃我子馳馬之所，群兒輒敢壞之邪？」驅車徑出，輾傷諸兒，有至死者。押剌伊而忿怨，盡驅莫拿倫馬群以去。莫拿倫諸子聞之，不及被甲，往追之。莫拿倫私憂曰：「吾兒不甲以往，恐不能勝敵。」令子婦載甲赴之，已無及矣。既而果為所敗，六子皆死。押剌伊而乘勝殺莫拿倫，滅其家。唯一長孫海都尚幼，乳母匿諸積木中，得免。先是莫拿倫第七子納真，於八剌忽民家為贅婿，故不及難。聞其家被禍，來視之，見病嫗十數與海都尚在，其計無所出，幸驅馬時，兄之黃馬三次掣套竿逸歸，納真至是得乘之。乃偽為牧馬者，詣押剌伊而。路逢父子二騎先後行，臂鷹而獵。納真識其鷹，曰：「此吾兄所擎者也。」趨前紿其少者曰：「有赤馬引群馬而東，汝見之乎？」曰：「否。」少者乃問曰：「爾所經過有鳧雁乎？」曰：「有。」曰：「汝可為吾前導乎？」曰：「可。」遂同行。轉一河隈，度後騎相去稍遠，刺殺之。縶馬與鷹，趨迎後騎，紿之如初。後騎問曰：「前射鳧雁者，吾子也，何為久臥不起耶？」納真以鼻衄對。騎者方怒，納真乘隙刺殺之。復前行，至一山下，有馬數百，牧者唯童子數人，方擊髀石為戲。納真熟視之，亦兄家物也。紿問童子，亦如之。於是登山四顧，悄無來人，盡殺童子，驅馬臂鷹而還，取海都並病嫗，歸八剌忽之地止焉。海都稍長，納真率八剌忽怯谷諸民，共立為君。海都既立，以兵攻押剌伊而，臣屬之，形勢浸大，列營帳於八剌合黑河上，跨河為梁，以便往來。由是四傍部族歸之者漸眾。

When Boduanchid died, his son Ba'arji Borjigidai succeeded him and fathered a son named Menen Tudun. Menen Tudun's wife was Monolun. She bore seven sons and was widowed. Monolun was fierce and hot-tempered by nature. At that time, children of the Yamagha Er tribe were digging roots in the fields for food. Monolun drove out in her cart and saw them. In anger she cried, "This field is where my sons ride their horses—how dare you children ruin it!" She drove straight through and ran over the children, killing some of them. Burning with resentment, the Yamagha Er drove off every horse in Monolun's herds. When Monolun's sons heard what had happened, they set out in pursuit without stopping to put on armor. Monolun worried privately and said, "My sons are going without armor—I fear they cannot defeat the enemy." She sent her daughters-in-law after them with armor, but it was already too late. They were indeed defeated; all six sons were killed. Yamagha Er pressed their advantage, killed Monolun, and wiped out her household. Only the eldest grandson, Qaidu, was still a child. His nurse hid him in a stack of firewood, and he survived. Monolun's seventh son, Nachin, had earlier married into a Barughu family and so was spared the disaster. When he heard that disaster had struck his family, he came to see. A dozen or so sick old women and young Qaidu were still alive, but he could think of no way forward. By good fortune, when the horses were driven off, his elder brother's yellow horse had three times broken its halter pole and run back—and Nachin was now able to ride it. He disguised himself as a horse-herder and went to Yamagha Er. On the road he met a father and son riding one behind the other, falcons on their arms, out hunting. Nachin recognized their falcons and said, "Those are the birds my elder brother used to carry." He hurried forward and deceived the younger man. "A red horse is leading a herd eastward—have you seen it? The younger man said, "No." Then the younger man asked, "On the way you came, were there wild ducks and geese? Nachin said, "There were." The younger man said, "Will you guide us ahead? Nachin said, "I can." They traveled on together. At a bend in the river, once the rider behind had fallen a little farther back, he stabbed the younger man and killed him. He secured the horse and falcon, rode forward to meet the man behind, and deceived him in the same way. The rear rider asked, "The man ahead who was shooting ducks and geese—that was my son. Why is he lying there so long and not getting up? Nachin said he had a nosebleed. Just as the rider was about to fly into a rage, Nachin seized the moment and stabbed him to death. He pressed on to the foot of a mountain, where several hundred horses were grazing. Only a few boys were tending them, playing a game of striking hip bones. Nachin looked closely and saw that these too belonged to his elder brother's household. He questioned the boys with the same ruse, and they answered as before. He climbed the hill and looked around—no one was coming. He killed all the boys, drove off the horses with a falcon on his arm, and returned. He gathered Qaidu and the sick old women and settled at Barughu. When Qaidu had grown a little older, Nachin led the people of Barughu and the Qiegu valley and together made him their lord. Once Qaidu was established, he attacked Yamagha Er with an army, brought them under his rule, and his power steadily grew. He pitched camp along the Balqabuqin River and built a bridge across it for easier travel. From then on, more and more neighboring tribes came over to him.

海都歿，子拜姓忽兒嗣。拜姓忽兒歿，子敦必乃嗣。敦必乃歿，子葛不律寒嗣。葛不律寒歿，子八哩丹嗣。八哩丹歿，子也速該嗣，併吞諸部落，勢愈盛大。也速該崩，至元三年十月，追諡烈祖神元皇帝。

When Qaidu died, his son Bayan Qul succeeded him. When Bayan Qul died, his son Dombinü succeeded him. When Dombinü died, his son Khabul succeeded him. When Khabul died, his son Bartan succeeded him. When Bartan died, his son Yesügei succeeded him, absorbed the surrounding tribes, and his power grew still greater. Yesügei died. In the tenth month of the third year of the Zhiyuan reign, he was posthumously honored as Liezu, the Divine Origin Emperor.

初，烈祖征塔塔兒部，獲其部長鐵木真。宣懿太后月倫適生帝，手握凝血如赤石。烈祖異之，因以所獲鐵木真名之，志武功也。族人泰赤烏部舊與烈祖相善，後因塔兒不台用事，遂生嫌隙，絕不與通。及烈祖崩，帝方幼沖，部眾多歸泰赤烏。近侍有脫端火兒真者，亦將叛，帝自泣留之。脫端曰：「深池已幹矣，堅石已碎矣，留復何為！」竟帥眾馳去。宣懿太后怒其弱己也，麾旗將兵，躬自追叛者，驅其太半而還。時帝麾下搠只別居薩里河。劄木合部人禿台察兒居玉律哥泉，時欲相侵淩，掠薩里河牧馬以去。搠只麾左右匿群馬中，射殺之。劄木合以為怨，遂與泰赤烏諸部合謀，以眾三萬來戰。帝時駐軍答蘭版硃思之野，聞變，大集諸部兵，分十有三翼以俟。已而劄木合至，帝與大戰，破走之。

Earlier, when Liezu campaigned against the Tatar tribe, he captured their chieftain Temüjin. Empress Dowager Xuanyi, Hö'elün, had just given birth to the Emperor; clutched in his fist was congealed blood like a red stone. Liezu took this as a marvel and named the child after the Temüjin he had captured, to mark a deed of arms. Among the clansmen, the Taichi'ut had long been on good terms with Liezu, but after Targhutai rose to power they turned hostile and cut off all contact. When Liezu died, the Emperor was still very young, and many tribesmen went over to the Taichi'ut. Among those close at hand was Toghoril, who also meant to rebel. The Emperor wept and begged him to stay. Toghoril said, "The deep pool has already dried up, the hard stone has already shattered—what good is there in staying?" In the end he led his followers away at a gallop. Empress Dowager Xuanyi, furious that he had slighted her, took up the banner, led troops in person after the deserters, and drove more than half of them back. At that time Shigi, one of the Emperor's commanders, was encamped separately on the Sali River. Toqto'a of Jamuqa's tribe was camped at Yulige Spring and now meant to encroach on neighboring grounds; he raided the horse herds on the Sali River and drove them away. Shigi signaled his men to hide among the herds and shot Toqto'a dead. Jamuqa nursed this as a grievance and joined the Taichi'ut tribes in a plot, marching to battle with thirty thousand men. The Emperor was then encamped on the plain of Dalann Banshi. When he heard of the revolt, he mustered troops from the tribes in force, arrayed them in thirteen wings, and waited. When Jamuqa arrived, the Emperor fought him in a great battle and put him to rout.

當是時，諸部之中，唯泰赤烏地廣民眾，號為最強。其族照烈部，與帝所居相近。帝常出獵，偶與照烈獵騎相屬。帝謂之曰：「今夕可同宿乎？」照烈曰：「同宿固所願，但從者四百，因糗糧不具，已遣半還矣，今將奈何？」帝固邀與宿，凡其留者，悉飲食之。明日再合圍，帝使左右驅獸向照烈，照烈得多獲以歸。其眾感之，私相語曰：「泰赤烏與我雖兄弟，常攘我車馬，奪我飲食，無人君之度。有人君之度者，其惟鐵木真太子乎？」照烈之長玉律，時為泰赤烏所虐，不能堪，遂與塔海答魯領所部來歸，將殺泰赤烏以自效。帝曰：「我方熟寐，幸汝覺我，自今車轍人跡之途，當盡奪以與汝矣。」已而二人不能踐其言，復叛去。塔海答魯至中路，為泰赤烏部人所殺，照烈部遂亡。

At that time, among all the tribes, only the Taichi'ut held broad lands and a large population—they were reckoned the strongest. Among their clans, the Khori Chin lived near the Emperor's camp. The Emperor often went hunting and once happened to ride in succession with Khori Chin hunters. The Emperor said to them, "Shall we camp together tonight? The Khori Chin replied, "We would gladly camp together, but we have four hundred followers. Our provisions were not ready, so we have already sent half of them back—what can we do now? The Emperor insisted that they stay, and fed and watered every man who remained. The next day they hunted together again. The Emperor had his men drive game toward the Khori Chin, and they returned with a rich catch. His men were deeply moved and whispered among themselves, "The Taichi'ut are our kinsmen, yet they constantly seize our carts and horses and take our food—they have no lord's measure. A man who has a lord's measure—could that not be Prince Temüjin? Yurki, chief of the Khori Chin, was then being mistreated by the Taichi'ut and could bear it no longer. He came over with Tajghir at the head of their tribe, intending to kill the Taichi'ut to prove his loyalty. The Emperor said, "I was sleeping soundly—you did well to wake me. From now on, every road marked by wheel tracks and footprints shall be taken from others and given to you. Before long the two men failed to keep their word and rebelled and left again. Midway on the road Tajghir was killed by men of the Taichi'ut tribe, and the Khori Chin tribe was destroyed.

時帝功德日盛，泰赤烏諸部多苦其主非法，見帝寬仁，時賜人以裘馬，心悅之。若赤老溫、若哲別、若失力哥也不幹諸人，若朵郎吉、若劄剌兒、若忙兀諸部，皆慕義來降。

By then the Emperor's reputation was rising daily. Many Taichi'ut tribes suffered under lawless chiefs; when they saw his lenience and generosity, and how often he gave men furs and horses, their hearts went out to him. Men such as Chilaun, Jebe, and Shilgen, and tribes such as Dojinkai, Jelme, and the Mangqut—all came over in admiration of his righteousness.

帝會諸族薛徹、大醜等，各以旄車載湩酪，宴於斡難河上。帝與諸族及薛徹別吉之毋忽兒真之前，共置馬湩一革囊；薛徹別吉次毋野別該之前，獨置一革囊。忽兒真怒曰：「今不尊我，而貴野別該乎？」疑帝之主膳者失丘兒所為，遂笞之。於是頗有隙。時皇弟別裏古台掌帝乞列思事，乞列思，華言禁外系馬所也。播裏掌薛徹別吉乞列思事。播裏從者因盜去馬靷，別裏古台執之。播裏怒，斫別裏古台，傷其背。左右欲鬥，別裏古台止之，曰：「汝等欲即復仇乎？我傷幸未甚，姑待之。」不聽，各持馬乳橦疾鬥，奪忽兒真、火裏真二哈敦以歸。薛徹別吉遣使請和，因令二哈敦還。會塔塔兒部長蔑兀真笑裏徒背金約，金主遣丞相完顏襄帥兵逐之北走。帝聞之，發近兵自斡難河迎擊，仍諭薛徹別吉帥部人來助。候六日不至，帝自與戰，殺蔑兀真笑裏徒，盡虜其輜重。帝之麾下有為乃蠻部人所掠者，帝欲討之，復遣六十人徵兵於薛徹別吉。薛徹別吉以舊怨之故，殺其十人，去五十人衣而歸之。帝怒曰：「薛徹別吉曩笞我失丘兒，斫傷我別裏古台，今又敢乘敵勢以陵我耶？」因帥兵逾沙磧攻之，殺虜其部眾，唯薛徹、大醜僅以妻孥免。越數月，帝復伐薛徹、大醜，追至帖烈徒之隘，滅之。

The Emperor gathered the clans—Shechü, Taiju, and others—each bringing kumiss and fermented mare's milk in carts hung with banners, and they feasted on the Onon River. Before Quljin, mother of Shechü Beji, and before the Emperor and the assembled clans, they together set out one leather bag of mare's milk; before Yebügei, younger sister of Shechü Beji, they set out a leather bag by themselves. Quljin said angrily, "Today you do not honor me, yet you honor Yebügei?" Suspecting that Shikhur, the Emperor's master of provisions, was responsible, she had him beaten with rods. From this a serious rift opened between them. At that time the Emperor's younger brother Belgütei managed the qiliesi—the tethering ground outside the camp where horses were hitched, as the Chinese term has it. Bori managed the qiliesi for Shechü Beji. Followers of Bori stole away horse reins, and Belgütei seized them. Bori flew into a rage and struck Belgütei with a blade, wounding his back. Those around them wanted to fight, but Belgütei stopped them and said, "Do you mean to take revenge at once? My wound is fortunately not serious—for now, let us wait. They would not listen. Each seized a mare's-milk cudgel and fought at once, then carried off the two queens Quljin and Huljin and returned. Kököchü sent envoys to sue for peace and had the two wives sent back. About then Megujin Seüle, chieftain of the Tatar tribe, broke his treaty with the Jin. The Jin emperor sent Chief Minister Wanyan Xiang with an army to drive him north in flight. When the Emperor heard of this, he mobilized nearby troops from the Onon River to intercept the enemy and ordered Kököchü to bring his tribesmen to help. After waiting six days with no sign of them, the Emperor fought alone, killed Megujin Seüle, and captured the entire baggage train. Some of the Emperor's followers had been plundered by Naiman tribesmen. Intent on punishing them, he sent sixty men to Kököchü to demand troops. Nursing old grievances, Kököchü killed ten of the envoys, stripped the other fifty of their clothes, and sent them back. The Emperor said in anger, "Kököchü once flogged my man Shigiuchu and wounded my Belgutei—and now he dares, while the enemy still presses, to treat me with contempt?" He led troops across the sandy wastes to attack them, killed and captured their tribesmen, and only Kököchü and Daichu escaped with their wives and children. Several months later the Emperor marched again against Kököchü and Daichu, pursued them to the Telütu Pass, and destroyed them.

克烈部劄阿紺孛來歸。劄阿紺孛者，部長汪罕之弟也。汪罕名脫裏，受金封爵為王，番言音重，故稱王為汪罕。初，汪罕之父忽兒劄胡思杯祿既卒，汪罕嗣位，多殺戮昆弟。其叔父菊兒罕帥兵與汪罕戰，逼於哈剌溫隘，敗之，僅以百餘騎脫走，奔於烈祖。烈祖親將兵逐菊兒罕走西夏，復奪部眾歸汪罕。汪罕德之，遂相與盟，稱為按答。按答，華言交物之友也。烈祖崩，汪罕之弟也力可哈剌，怨汪罕多殺之故，復叛歸乃蠻部。乃蠻部長亦難赤為發兵伐汪罕，盡奪其部眾與之。汪罕走河西、回鶻、回回三國，奔契丹。既而復叛歸，中道糧絕，捋羊乳為飲，刺橐駝血為食，困乏之甚。帝以其與烈祖交好，遣近侍往招之。帝親迎撫勞，安置軍中振給之，遂會於土兀剌河上，尊汪罕為父。

Jaqa Gambu of the Kerait tribe came over to submit. Jaqa Gambu was the younger brother of the chieftain Ong Khan. Ong Khan's personal name was Toghrul. The Jin had enfeoffed him as king; in the barbarian tongue the word for king is heavily accented, so he was called Ong Khan. Earlier, after Ong Khan's father Qurjaqus Buyruq died, Ong Khan succeeded as chieftain and put many of his brothers to death. His uncle Gur Khan led troops against Ong Khan, cornered him at Kharun Pass, and routed him. Ong Khan escaped with barely a hundred horsemen and fled to Liezu. Liezu led troops in person, drove Gur Khan toward the Western Xia, recovered the tribesmen, and restored them to Ong Khan. Ong Khan was deeply grateful and entered into alliance with him, each calling the other anda. Anda, in Chinese usage, means a sworn friend who exchanges gifts. After Liezu died, Ong Khan's younger brother Elqa Qara, resentful of Ong Khan's many killings, rebelled again and went over to the Naiman. Inanch Bilge, chieftain of the Naiman tribe, raised troops against Ong Khan, seized all his followers, and handed them over to Elqa Qara. Ong Khan fled through Hexi, the Uighur lands, and the Muslim territories, and took refuge with the Khitan. Before long he rebelled and turned back. On the road his provisions gave out; he drank ewe's milk and pierced camels for blood to eat, and was brought to the edge of collapse. Because Ong Khan had been on friendly terms with Liezu, the Emperor sent close attendants to summon him. The Emperor went out in person to welcome and comfort him, settled him in camp and supplied his needs, then met him on the Tuul River and honored Ong Khan as a father.

未幾，帝伐蔑裏乞部，與其部長脫脫戰於莫那察山，遂掠其資財、田禾，以遺汪罕。汪罕因此部眾稍集。居亡何，汪罕自以其勢足以有為，不告於帝，獨率兵復攻蔑裏乞部。部人敗走，脫脫奔八兒忽真之隘。汪罕大掠而還，於帝一無所遺，帝不以屑意。

Before long the Emperor marched against the Merkit, fought their chieftain Toqto'a on Mount Monach, plundered their goods, wealth, and grain fields, and sent the spoils to Ong Khan. Because of this Ong Khan's followers gradually gathered again. Before long Ong Khan, believing his strength sufficient for great deeds, attacked the Merkit again on his own without telling the Emperor. The Merkit were defeated and fled; Toqto'a escaped to the Barghuchin Pass. Ong Khan looted heavily and returned, giving the Emperor nothing at all—and the Emperor did not think it worth troubling over.

會乃蠻部長不欲魯罕不服，帝復與汪罕征之。至黑辛八石之野，遇其前鋒也的脫孛魯者，領百騎來戰，見軍勢漸逼，走據高山，其馬鞍轉墜，擒之。曾未幾何，帝復與乃蠻驍將曲薛吾撒八剌二人遇，會日暮，各還營壘，約明日戰。是夜，汪罕多燃火營中，示人不疑，潛移部眾於別所。及旦，帝始知之，因頗疑其有異志，退師薩里河。既而汪罕亦還至土兀剌河，汪罕子亦剌合及劄阿紺孛來會。曲薛吾等察知之，乘其不備，襲虜其部眾於道。亦剌合奔告汪罕，汪罕命亦剌合與卜魯忽共追之，且遣使來曰：「乃蠻不道，掠我人民，太子有四良將，能假我以雪恥乎？」帝頓釋前憾，遂遣博爾術、木華黎、博羅渾、赤老溫四人，帥師以往。師未至，亦剌合已追及曲薛吾，與之戰，大敗，卜魯忽成擒，流矢中亦剌合馬胯，幾為所獲。須臾，四將至，擊乃蠻走，盡奪所掠歸汪罕。已而與皇弟哈撒兒再伐乃蠻，拒鬥於忽蘭盞側山，大敗之，盡殺其諸將族眾，積屍以為京觀，乃蠻之勢遂弱。

Buyiru Khan, chieftain of the Naiman tribe, had grown insubordinate, and the Emperor again marched against him together with Ong Khan. Reaching the plain of Kökseengge, they met the Naiman vanguard under Yedi Tügelü, who came out with a hundred horsemen to fight. Seeing the enemy pressing in, he fled to the heights; his saddle turned and he fell, and they took him captive. Before long the Emperor again encountered the two Naiman fierce generals Qusqa and Sabra. Dusk fell, each side returned to camp, and they agreed to fight the next day. That night Ong Khan lit many fires in camp to show he suspected nothing, while secretly moving his tribesmen elsewhere. At dawn the Emperor learned of it and grew deeply suspicious of disloyal intent; he withdrew the army to the Sali River. Presently Ong Khan also returned to the Tuul River, where his son Ilugei and Jaqa Gambu came to join him. Qusqa and his men learned of this and, catching them unawares, raided and captured Ong Khan's followers on the road. Ilugei ran to tell Ong Khan. Ong Khan ordered Ilugei and Burulgu to pursue together and sent envoys saying, "The Naiman are lawless—they have plundered our people. The Prince has four fine generals; will you lend them to me so I may wipe away this shame?" The Emperor at once set aside former grievances and sent Bo'orchu, Muqali, Borokhula, and Chilaun at the head of troops. Before the army arrived, Ilugei had already overtaken Qusqa and fought him, only to suffer a great defeat. Burulgu was captured, a stray arrow struck Ilugei's horse in the crupper, and Ilugei was nearly taken. In a moment the four generals arrived, routed the Naiman, recovered everything that had been plundered, and returned it to Ong Khan. Presently, together with his imperial younger brother Hasar, he campaigned against the Naiman again. They fought them off at the foot of Mount Qulanjan, routed them utterly, killed their generals and clansmen, and piled the corpses into a barrow—the Naiman power was broken from that day.

時泰赤烏猶強，帝會汪罕於薩里河，與泰赤烏部長沆忽等大戰斡難河上，敗走之，斬獲無算。哈答斤部、散只兀部、朵魯班部、塔塔兒部、弘吉剌部聞乃蠻、泰赤烏敗，皆畏威不自安，會於阿雷泉，斬白馬為誓，欲襲帝及汪罕。弘吉剌部長迭夷恐事不成，潛遣人告變。帝與汪罕自虎圖澤逆戰於杯亦烈川，又大敗之。汪罕遂分兵，自由怯綠憐河而行。劄阿紺孛謀於按敦阿述、燕火脫兒等曰：「我兄性行不常，既屠絕我昆弟，我輩又豈得獨全乎？」按敦阿述泄其言，汪罕令執燕火脫兒等至帳下，解其縛，且謂燕火脫兒曰：「吾輩由西夏而來，道路饑困，其相誓之語，遽忘之乎？」因唾其面，坐上之人皆起而唾之。汪罕又屢責劄阿紺孛，至於不能堪，劄阿紺孛與燕火脫兒等俱奔乃蠻。

The Taichi'ut were still strong. The Emperor joined Ong Khan on the Sali River and fought a great battle with the Taichi'ut chieftain Hangha and others on the Onon River, routed them, and killed and captured beyond counting. The Qadaghin, Saji'ut, Dorben, Tatar, and Hongirad tribes, hearing of the defeats of the Naiman and Taichi'ut, all feared the power arrayed against them and could not rest easy. They met at Alai Spring, slaughtered a white horse in oath, and plotted to strike the Emperor and Ong Khan. Döyin, chieftain of the Hongirad tribe, feared the plot would fail and secretly sent a man to report it. The Emperor and Ong Khan marched from Hutuge to meet them on the Bei'ilie River and routed them again. Ong Khan then divided his forces and marched separately by way of the Qorqonaq River. Jaqa Gambu plotted with Altan Achi, Yamun Toor, and others, saying, "My elder brother's conduct is inconstant. Having already slaughtered all our brothers, how can we alone remain safe?" Altan Achi leaked their words. Ong Khan had Yamun Toor and the others seized and brought before his tent, released their bonds, and said to Yamun Toor, "We came from the Western Xia—on the road we were hungry and exhausted. Have you already forgotten the words of our mutual oath?" He spat in his face, and all those seated rose and spat at him as well. Ong Khan again and again reproached Jaqa Gambu until he could bear it no longer. Jaqa Gambu fled to the Naiman together with Yamun Toor and the others.

帝駐軍於徹徹兒山，起兵伐塔塔兒部。部長阿剌兀都兒等來逆戰，大敗之。

The Emperor encamped at Mount Chechir and raised troops to campaign against the Tatar tribe. The chieftain Alaq Usun and others came out to meet them in battle, and he routed them.

時弘吉剌部欲來附，哈撒兒不知其意，往掠之。於是弘吉剌歸劄木合部，與朵魯班、亦乞剌思、哈答斤、火魯剌思、塔塔兒、散只兀諸部，會於犍河，共立劄木合為局兒罕，盟於禿律別兒河岸，為誓曰：「凡我同盟，有泄此謀者，如岸之摧，如林之伐。」誓畢，共舉足蹋岸，揮刀斫林，驅士卒來侵。塔海哈時在眾中，與帝麾下抄吾兒連姻。抄吾兒偶往視之，具知其謀，即還至帝所，悉以其謀告之。帝即起兵，逆戰於海剌兒、帖尼火魯罕之地，破之，劄木合脫走，弘吉剌部來降。

At that time the Hongirad wished to come over in submission, but Hasar did not know their intent and went to plunder them. Thereupon the Hongirad returned to Jamuqa's tribe. Together with the Dorben, Yiqilas, Qadaghin, Qorulas, Tatar, and Saji'ut tribes they met on the Qian River, set Jamuqa up as Gur Khan, and on the bank of the Tölü Bayir River swore an oath: "All who are of our alliance—if any reveal this plot, may he crumble like a bank and fall like a forest felled." When the oath was finished, they stamped the bank with their feet, hacked at the forest with their blades, and drove their soldiers to invade. Taqaiqa was then among the assembly; he was connected by marriage with Cha'ur, one of the Emperor's followers. Cha'ur happened to visit him, learned the whole plot, returned at once to the Emperor, and told him everything. The Emperor immediately raised troops and met them in battle at Qailar and Tengi Qorqan, broke them, and Jamuqa escaped while the Hongirad came over in surrender.

歲壬戌，帝發兵於兀魯回失連真河，伐按赤塔塔兒、察罕塔塔兒二部。先誓師曰：「苟破敵逐北，見棄遺物，慎無獲，俟軍事畢散之。」既而果勝，族人按彈、火察兒、答力台三人背約，帝怒，盡奪其所獲，分之軍中。

In the renchen year the Emperor mobilized troops on the Ülüi Qutuqan River and campaigned against the Aq Tatar and Qa'an Tatar tribes. First he addressed the army in oath, saying, "If we break the enemy and pursue them north, and you see abandoned goods—take care not to seize them. Wait until the campaign is finished and then divide the spoils." They won as he had foretold. Three clansmen—Altan, Quchar, and Targhutai—broke the covenant. The Emperor was angry, seized everything they had taken, and divided it among the army.

初，脫脫敗走八兒忽真隘，既而復出為患，帝帥兵討走之。至是又會乃蠻部不欲魯罕約朵魯班、塔塔兒、哈答斤、散只兀諸部來侵。帝遣騎乘高四望，知乃蠻兵漸至，帝與汪罕移軍入塞。亦剌合自北邊來據高山結營，乃蠻軍沖之不動，遂還。亦剌合尋亦入塞。將戰，帝遷輜重於他所，與汪罕倚阿蘭塞為壁，大戰於闕奕壇之野，乃蠻使神巫祭風雪，欲因其勢進攻。既而反風，逆擊其陣，乃蠻軍不能戰，欲引還。雪滿溝澗，帝勒兵乘之，乃蠻大敗。是時劄木合部起兵援乃蠻，見其敗，即還，道經諸部之立己者，大縱掠而去。

Earlier Toqto'a had been defeated and fled to the Barghuchin Pass; before long he came out again and made trouble, and the Emperor led troops to drive him off. At this time Buyiru Khan of the Naiman tribe again joined the Dorben, Tatar, Qadaghin, and Saji'ut tribes in an invasion. The Emperor sent horsemen to high ground to look in all directions, learned that Naiman troops were gradually arriving, and he and Ong Khan moved the army into the pass. Ilugei came from the northern border, took the high ground, and established camp. The Naiman army charged but could not move him, and withdrew. Before long Ilugei also entered the pass. As battle drew near, the Emperor moved the baggage train elsewhere. Together with Ong Khan he took the Alan Pass as his wall and fought a great battle on the plain of Quyilan. The Naiman had a shaman sacrifice wind and snow, hoping to advance the attack by that force. Presently the wind reversed. He struck against their formation with the wind at his back, and the Naiman army could not hold and wished to withdraw. Snow filled the gullies and ravines. The Emperor held his army firm and pressed the advantage, and the Naiman were routed. At this time Jamuqa's tribe raised troops to aid the Naiman, but seeing their defeat they turned back at once and, passing through the tribes that had set him up as Gur Khan, plundered them heavily and went away.

帝欲為長子朮赤求昏於汪罕女抄兒伯姬，汪罕之孫禿撒合亦欲尚帝女火阿真伯姬，俱不諧，自是頗有違言。初，帝與汪罕合軍攻乃蠻，約明日戰，劄木合言於汪罕曰：「我於君是白翎雀，他人是鴻雁耳。白翎雀寒暑常在北方，鴻雁遇寒則南飛就暖耳。」意謂帝心不可保也。汪罕聞之疑，遂移部眾於別所。及議昏不成，劄木合復乘隙謂亦剌合曰：「太子雖言是汪罕之子，嘗通信於乃蠻，將不利於君父子。君若能加兵，我當從傍助君也。」亦剌合信之。會答力台、火察兒、按彈等叛歸亦剌合，亦說之曰：「我等願佐君討宣懿太后諸子也。」亦剌合大喜，遣使言於汪罕。汪罕曰：「劄木合，巧言寡信人也，不足聽。」亦剌合力言之，使者往返者數四。汪罕曰：「吾身之存，實太子是賴。髭須已白，遺骸冀得安寢，汝乃喋喋不已耶？汝善自為之，毋貽吾憂可也。」劄木合遂縱火焚帝牧地而去。

The Emperor wished to seek marriage for his eldest son Jochi with Ong Khan's daughter Cha'er Beki; Ong Khan's grandson Toghusa also wished to marry the Emperor's daughter Ho'aqan Beki. Neither match came off, and from this bitter words began to pass between them. Earlier, when the Emperor and Ong Khan joined armies to attack the Naiman and agreed to fight the next day, Jamuqa said to Ong Khan, "I to you am the white lark—others are wild geese. The white lark in cold and heat always stays in the north; wild geese, when cold comes, fly south to seek warmth." He meant that the Emperor's loyalty could not be trusted. Ong Khan heard this and grew suspicious; he moved his tribesmen elsewhere. When the marriage negotiations failed, Jamuqa again seized the opening and said to Ilugei, "Though the Prince calls himself Ong Khan's son, he has communicated with the Naiman and will bring harm upon you, father and son. If you will add troops, I will assist you from the flank." Ilugei believed him. It happened that Targhutai, Quchar, Altan, and others rebelled and returned to Ilugei. They also urged him, saying, "We wish to assist you in attacking the sons of Empress Dowager Xuanyi." Ilugei was greatly pleased and sent envoys to speak to Ong Khan. Ong Khan said, "Jamuqa is a man of clever words and little trust—not worth listening to." Ilugei pressed his case hard, and envoys went back and forth four times. Ong Khan said, "That I still live is truly owing to the Prince. My beard and whiskers are already white; I hope my bones may rest in peace—yet you chatter on without end? Do as you will—only do not bring me worry." Jamuqa therefore set fire to the Emperor's pasturelands and went away.

歲癸亥，汪罕父子謀欲害帝，乃遣使者來曰：「向者所議姻事，今當相從，請來飲布渾察兒。」布渾察兒，華言許親酒也。帝以為然，率十騎赴之，至中道，心有所疑，命一騎往謝，帝遂還。汪罕謀既不成，即議舉兵來侵。圉人乞失力聞其事，密與弟把帶告帝。帝即馳軍阿蘭塞，悉移輜重於他所，遣折裏麥為前鋒，俟汪罕至，即整兵出戰。先與硃力斤部遇，次與董哀部遇，又次與火力失烈門部遇，皆敗之；最後與汪罕親兵遇，又敗之。亦剌合見勢急，突來沖陣，射之中頰，即斂兵而退。怯裏亦部人遂棄汪罕來降。

In the guihai year Ong Khan, father and son, plotted to harm the Emperor. They sent envoys saying, "The marriage we discussed earlier—we should now follow through. Please come and drink the betrothal wine." Betrothal wine, in Chinese usage, is the wine drunk to seal a betrothal agreement. The Emperor believed them and set out with ten horsemen. Midway his heart grew suspicious; he ordered one horseman to go and decline, and turned back. When Ong Khan's plot failed, he at once resolved to raise troops and invade. The groom Kishilik heard of the affair and secretly told the Emperor together with his younger brother Badai. The Emperor immediately galloped the army to the Alan Pass, moved the baggage train elsewhere, sent Jebe as vanguard, and when Ong Khan arrived arrayed his troops and gave battle. First he met the Jürkin tribe and routed them; next the Dong'ai tribe and routed them; then the Qulijisimin tribe and routed them as well; last he met Ong Khan's personal troops and routed them again. Ilugei, seeing the situation urgent, suddenly charged the formation; an arrow struck him in the cheek, and he at once drew in his troops and withdrew. Kerait tribesmen therefore abandoned Ong Khan and came over in surrender.

汪罕既敗而歸，帝亦將兵還，至董哥澤駐軍，遣阿里海致責於汪罕曰：「君為叔父菊兒罕所逐，困迫來歸，我父即攻菊兒罕，敗之於河西，其土地人民盡收與君，此大有功於君一也。君為乃蠻所攻，西奔日沒處。君弟劄阿紺孛在金境，我亟遣人召還。比至，又為蔑裏乞部人所逼，我請我兄薛徹別及及我弟大醜往殺之，此大有功於君二也。君困迫來歸時，我過哈丁裏，曆掠諸部羊、馬、資財，盡以奉君，不半月間，令君饑者飽，瘠者肥，此大有功於君三也。君不告我，往掠蔑裏乞部，大獲而還，未嘗以毫髮分我，我不以為意。及君為乃蠻所傾覆，我遣四將奪還爾民人，重立爾國家，此大有功於君四也。我征朵魯班、塔塔兒、哈答斤、散只兀、弘吉剌五部，如海東鷙禽之於鵝雁，見無不獲，獲則必致於君，此大有功於君五也。是五者皆有明驗，君不報我則已，今乃易恩為仇，而遽加兵於我哉？」汪罕聞之，語亦剌合曰：「我向者之言何如？吾兒宜識之。」亦剌合曰：「事勢至今日，必不可已，唯有竭力戰鬥。我勝則並彼，彼勝則並我耳。多言何為？」時帝諸族按彈、火察兒皆在汪罕左右，帝因遣阿里海誚責汪罕，就令告之曰：「昔者吾國無主，以薛徹、太醜二人實我伯祖八剌哈之裔，欲立之。二人既已固辭，乃以汝火察兒為伯父聶坤之子，又欲立之，汝又固辭。然事不可中輟，復以汝按彈為我祖忽都剌之子，又欲立之，汝又固辭。於是汝等推戴吾為之主，初豈我之本心哉，不自意相迫至於如此也。三河，祖宗肇基之地，毋為他人所有。汝善事汪罕，汪罕性無常，遇我尚如此，況汝輩乎？我今去矣，我今去矣！」按彈等無一言。

Ong Khan, defeated, returned home. The Emperor also led his troops back, encamped at Dongge Lake, and sent Ariq to rebuke Ong Khan, saying, "You were driven off by your uncle Gur Khan and came back in distress to submit. My father attacked Gur Khan, defeated him west of the river, and recovered all his lands and people for you—this was the first great service done you. You were attacked by the Naiman and fled west to where the sun sets. Your younger brother Jaqa Gambu was in Jin territory, and I urgently sent men to summon him back. When he arrived, Merkit tribesmen pressed him again. I asked my elder brother Kököchü and my younger brother Daichu to go and kill them—this was the second great service done you. When you came back in distress and submitted, I passed through Qatun, plundered sheep, horses, and goods from the surrounding tribes, and gave everything to you. Within half a month I made the hungry full and the lean fat—this was the third great service done you. You did not tell me, but went to raid the Merkit and returned with great gains, never sharing so much as a hair's breadth with me—I did not regard it as worth minding. When the Naiman overthrew you, I sent four generals to recover your people and re-establish your state—this was the fourth great service done you. I campaigned against the Dorben, Tatar, Qadaghin, Saji'ut, and Hongirad—five tribes—like a fierce sea-eagle upon geese and wild swans: what I saw I took, and what I took I always sent to you. This was the fifth great service done you. These five deeds all stand proven. If you would not repay me, so be it—yet now you turn kindness into enmity and suddenly send troops against me?" When Ong Khan heard this, he said to Ilugei, "Were my words of old not so? My son, you should mark them well." Ilugei said, "Matters have come to this pass—they cannot be stopped. There is nothing to do but fight with all our strength. If we win, we absorb them; if they win, they absorb us—that is all. What is the use of many words?" At that time Altan and Quchar of the Emperor's clan were both at Ong Khan's side. The Emperor sent Ariq to rebuke Ong Khan and also to tell them, "In former days our state had no lord. Kököchü and Daichu—descendants of my grand-uncle Balaqa—were to be set up as rulers. When the two men firmly declined, you, Quchar, as son of your uncle Nekun, were next to be set up—and you too firmly declined. Yet the matter could not be left half-done. Again you, Altan, as son of my ancestor Qudu'ar, were to be set up—and you too firmly declined. Thereupon you pushed me forward and set me up as lord. That was never my original wish; I did not expect to be forced to this. The Three Rivers—the land where our forefathers first laid the foundation—must not become another's possession. Serve Ong Khan well. Ong Khan's nature is inconstant—toward me he has been thus; how much more toward you? I go now—I go now!" Altan and the others did not speak a single word.

帝既遣使於汪罕，遂進兵虜弘吉剌別部溺兒斤以行。至班硃尼河，河水方渾，帝飲之以誓眾。有亦乞烈部人孛徒者，為火魯剌部所敗，因遇帝，與之同盟。哈撒兒別居哈剌渾山，妻子為汪罕所虜，挾幼子脫虎走，糧絕，探鳥卵為食，來會於河上。時汪罕形勢盛強，帝微弱，勝敗未可知，眾頗危懼。凡與飲河水者，謂之飲渾水，言其曾同艱難也。汪罕兵至，帝與戰於哈闌真沙陀之地，汪罕大敗，其臣按彈、火察兒、劄木合等謀弑汪罕，弗克，往奔乃蠻。答力台、把憐等部稽顙來降。帝移軍斡難河源，謀攻汪罕，復遣二使往汪罕，偽為哈撒兒之言曰：「我兄太子今既不知所在，我之妻孥又在王所，縱我欲往，將安所之耶？王儻棄我前愆，念我舊好，即束手來歸矣。」汪罕信之，因遣人隨二使來，以皮囊盛血與之盟。及至，即以二使為嚮導，令軍士銜枚夜趨折折運都山，出其不意，襲汪罕，敗之，盡降克烈部眾，汪罕與亦剌合挺身遁去。汪罕歎曰：「我為吾兒所誤，今日之禍，悔將何及！」汪罕出走，路逢乃蠻部將，遂為其所殺。亦剌哈走西夏，日剽掠以自資。既而亦為西夏所攻走，至龜茲國，龜茲國主以兵討殺之。帝既滅汪罕，大獵於帖麥該川，宣佈號令，振凱而歸。

After sending envoys to Ong Khan, the Emperor advanced his army, captured the Hongirad sub-tribe of Nürjin, and marched on. When he reached the Baljuna River the water was still muddy. The Emperor drank of it to swear in the host. Botu of the Ikires tribe, defeated by the Qorulas, met the Emperor on the way and entered alliance with him. Khasar was living apart on Mount Qaraqun. Ong Khan captured his wife and children; clutching his young son Toqu, Khasar fled. When provisions ran out he dug up birds' eggs for food and came to join the Emperor on the river. At that time Ong Khan's position was strong while the Emperor was weak. Victory or defeat could not be known, and many were deeply afraid. All who drank the river water were called drinkers of muddy water—meaning they had once shared hardship together. When Ong Khan's army arrived, the Emperor fought him at Qaradan Jalatu and put him to utter rout. Altan, Quchar, Jamuqa, and other ministers plotted to assassinate Ong Khan but failed, and fled to the Naiman. The tribes of Targhutai and Balin came forward with bowed foreheads to surrender. The Emperor moved his army to the source of the Onon River and planned to attack Ong Khan. He again sent two envoys to Ong Khan, feigning Khasar's words: "My elder brother the Prince—I do not know where he is now, and my wife and children are again in Your Majesty's hands. Even if I wished to go to him, where could I go? If Your Majesty will put aside my former fault and remember our old friendship, I shall come with bound hands to submit." Ong Khan believed it. He sent men to follow the two envoys, and they swore alliance with blood in a leather bag. When they arrived, he used the two envoys as guides, had the soldiers take twigs in their mouths, and by night hurried toward Mount Jeje'ün. Catching Ong Khan unawares, he attacked and defeated him and fully subdued the Kerait tribesmen. Ong Khan and Ilugei escaped alone. Ong Khan sighed and said, "I was misled by my son—today's disaster: what regret can still avail!" Ong Khan fled. On the road he met a Naiman tribal commander and was killed by him. Ilugei fled to the Western Xia and daily raided to support himself. Before long the Western Xia attacked and drove him off again. He reached the kingdom of Kucha, and the king of Kucha sent troops to pursue and kill him. After destroying Ong Khan, the Emperor held a great hunt on the Temechi River, proclaimed his commands, and returned in triumph.

時乃蠻部長太陽罕心忌帝能，遣使謀於白達達部主阿剌忽思曰：「吾聞東方有稱帝者，天無二日，民豈有二王耶？君能益吾右翼，吾將奪其弧矢也。」阿剌忽思即以是謀報帝，居無何，舉部來歸。

At that time Taiyang Khan, chieftain of the Naiman, envied the Emperor's ability and sent envoys to plot with Alaqush, chieftain of the White Tartars, saying, "I hear that in the east there is one who calls himself emperor. Heaven has no two suns—can the people have two kings? If you will strengthen my right wing, I shall seize his bow and arrows." Alaqush at once reported this plot to the Emperor. Before long he came over with his whole tribe in submission.

歲甲子，帝大會於帖麥該川，議伐乃蠻。群臣以方春馬瘦，宜俟秋高為言。皇弟斡赤斤曰：「事所當為，斷之在早，何可以馬瘦為辭？」別裏古台亦曰：「乃蠻欲奪我弧矢，是小我也，我輩義當同死。彼恃其國大而言誇，苟乘其不備而攻之，功當可成也。」帝悅，曰：「以此眾戰，何憂不勝。」遂進兵伐乃蠻，駐兵於建忒該山，先遣虎必來、哲別二人為前鋒。太陽罕至自按台，營於沆海山，與蔑裏乞部長脫脫、克烈部長阿憐太石、猥剌部長忽都花別吉，暨禿魯班、塔塔兒、哈答斤、散只兀諸部合，兵勢頗盛。時我隊中羸馬有驚入乃蠻營中者，太陽罕見之，與眾謀曰：「蒙古之馬瘦弱如此，今當誘其深入，然後戰而擒之。」其將火力速八赤對曰：「先王戰伐，勇進不回，馬尾人背不使敵人見之。今為此遷延之計，得非心中有所懼乎？苟懼之，何不令后妃來統軍也。」太陽罕怒，即躍馬索戰。帝以哈撒兒主中軍。時劄木合從太陽罕來，見帝軍容整肅，謂左右曰：「乃蠻初舉兵，視蒙古軍若甗珝羔兒，意謂蹄皮亦不留。今吾觀其氣勢，殆非往時矣。」遂引所部兵遁去。是日，帝與乃蠻軍大戰至晡，禽殺太陽罕。諸部軍一時皆潰，夜走絕險，墜崖死者不可勝計。明日，餘眾悉降。於是朵魯班、塔塔兒、哈答斤、散只兀四部亦來降。已而復征蔑裏乞部，其長脫脫奔太陽罕之兄卜欲魯罕，其屬帶兒兀孫獻女迎降，俄復叛去。帝至泰寒寨，遣孛羅歡、沈白二人領右軍往平之。"

In the jiazi year the Emperor held a great assembly on the Temechi River and deliberated attacking the Naiman. The ministers said it was spring and the horses were lean, and that they should wait until autumn when the grass stood high. The Emperor's younger brother Otchigin said, "What ought to be done must be decided early—how can lean horses serve as an excuse?" Belgutei also said, "The Naiman wish to seize our bow and arrows—that is to make little of us. We in duty should die together. They rely on the size of their state and speak boastfully. If we attack while they are unprepared, success should be within reach." The Emperor was pleased and said, "With this host to fight, why worry that we shall not win?" He then advanced to attack the Naiman, encamped on Mount Jété Qai, and first sent Hubilai and Jebe as vanguard. Taiyang Khan came from Altai and encamped on Mount Khanqai, joining with Toqto'a of the Merkit, Alin Taishi of the Kerait, Qutuqa Beki of the Oirat, and the Dorben, Tatar, Qadaghin, and Saji'ut tribes. His military strength was quite formidable. At that time a lean horse in our ranks, startled, ran into the Naiman camp. Taiyang Khan saw it and deliberated with the host, saying, "The Mongol horses are lean to this degree—we should lure them deep in, then fight and capture them." His general Qo'udun replied, "Former kings in battle advanced bravely and did not turn back; they did not let the enemy see their horses' tails or men's backs. Now you adopt this delaying plan—could it be that there is fear in your heart? If you fear, why not let the queens and consorts come to command the army?" Taiyang Khan grew angry and at once leaped on his horse to demand battle. The Emperor put Khasar in command of the center army. At that time Jamuqa had come with Taiyang Khan. Seeing the Emperor's army arrayed in good order, he said to those at his side, "When the Naiman first raised troops, they looked on the Mongol army as a cauldron of lamb—they meant not to leave even hoof or hide. Now, watching their bearing and force, they are surely not as in former times." He then led his own troops and slipped away. That day the Emperor fought a great battle with the Naiman army until evening and captured and killed Taiyang Khan. The armies of the various tribes at once broke and fled. By night they ran through perilous passes, and those who fell from cliffs and died could not be counted. The next day the remaining host all surrendered. Thereupon the Dorben, Tatar, Qadaghin, and Saji'ut—four tribes—also came to surrender. Before long he again campaigned against the Merkit. Their chieftain Toqto'a fled to Buyiru Khan, elder brother of Taiyang Khan, while his follower Ta'ir Usun offered his daughter in submission, then soon rebelled and went away. The Emperor reached the Taihan camp and sent Boroqul and Shenbai to lead the right army to pacify them.

歲乙丑，帝征西夏，拔力吉裏寨，經落思城，大掠人民及其橐駝而還。

In the yichou year the Emperor campaigned against the Western Xia, took the Lijili camp, passed through Luosi city, and returned after greatly plundering the people and their baggage camels.

二年丁卯秋，再征西夏，克斡羅孩城。是歲，遣按彈、不兀剌二人使乞力吉思。既而野牒亦納裏部、阿裏替也兒部，皆通使來獻名鷹。

In the second year, dingmao, in autumn he again campaigned against the Western Xia and took Wulohai city. That year he sent Altan and Buqa as envoys to the Kyrgyz. Before long the Yenisei Kirghiz tribe and the Altayir tribe also sent envoys bearing tribute of famous hawks.

三年戊辰春，帝至自西夏。夏，避暑龍庭。冬，再征脫脫及屈出律罕。時斡亦剌部等遇我前鋒，不戰而降，因用為嚮導。至也兒的石河，討蔑裏乞部，滅之，脫脫中流矢死，屈出律奔契丹。

In the third year, wuchen, in spring the Emperor returned from the Western Xia campaign. In summer he summered at the Dragon Court. In winter he again campaigned against Toqto'a and Küchlüg Khan. At that time the Oirat tribe and others met our vanguard and surrendered without fighting; they were therefore used as guides. When he reached the Irtysh River he attacked the Merkit and destroyed them. Toqto'a died from an arrow wound in midstream, and Küchlüg fled to the Khitan.

四年己巳春，畏吾兒國來歸。帝入河西，夏主李安全遣其世子率師來戰，敗之，獲其副元帥高令公。克兀剌海城，俘其太傅西壁氏。進至克夷門，復敗夏師，獲其將嵬名令公。薄中興府，引河水灌之，堤決，水外潰，遂撤圍還。遣太傅訛答入中興，招諭夏主，夏主納女請和。

In the fourth year, jisi, in spring the Uighur state came over in submission. The Emperor entered Hexi. The Western Xia ruler Li Anquan sent his heir at the head of troops to give battle; the Emperor defeated them and captured their deputy commander Gao Linggong. He took Wulahai city and captured its Grand Tutor of the Xibi clan. Advancing to Keyimen, he again defeated the Western Xia army and captured their general Weiming Linggong. Pressing Zhongxing Prefecture, he diverted the river to flood it. The dike broke and the water burst outward, so he withdrew the siege and returned. He sent Grand Tutor Yoda into Zhongxing to summon and instruct the Western Xia ruler. The Western Xia ruler offered a daughter and sued for peace.

五年庚午春，金謀來伐，築烏沙堡。帝命遮別襲殺其眾，遂略地而東。初，帝貢歲幣於金，金主使衛王允濟受貢於淨州。帝見允濟不為禮。允濟歸，欲請兵攻之。會金主璟殂，允濟嗣位，有詔至國，傳言當拜受。帝問金使曰：「新君為誰？」金使曰：「衛王也。」帝遽南面唾曰：「我謂中原皇帝是天上人做，此等庸懦亦為之耶？何以拜為！」即乘馬北去。金使還言，允濟益怒，欲俟帝再入貢，就進場害之。帝知之，遂與金絕，益嚴兵為備。

In the fifth year, gengwu, in spring the Jin plotted to come and attack and built Wusha Fort. The Emperor ordered Jebe to raid and kill their host, then carried out a campaign eastward. Earlier the Emperor had paid annual tribute to the Jin. The Jin ruler had the Prince of Wei, Yongji, receive tribute at Jing Prefecture. The Emperor saw that Yongji did not observe the rites. When Yongji returned, he wished to request troops to attack him. It happened that the Jin ruler Jing died and Yongji succeeded to the throne. An imperial decree arrived in the state, and word passed that he should bow to receive it. The Emperor asked the Jin envoy, "Who is the new ruler?" The Jin envoy said, "The Prince of Wei." The Emperor at once turned south and spat, saying, "I thought the Central Plains emperor was made by Heaven—can such a mediocre coward also be one? Why should I bow to him!" He immediately mounted his horse and went north. When the Jin envoy returned and reported, Yongji grew still angrier and wished to wait until the Emperor came again to pay tribute, then seize the occasion in the reception hall to harm him. The Emperor learned of it, broke off relations with the Jin, and tightened his military preparations still further.

六年辛未春，帝居怯綠連河。西域哈剌魯部主阿昔蘭罕來降，畏吾兒國主亦都護來覲。二月，帝自將南伐，敗金將定薛於野狐嶺，取大水濼、豐利等縣。金復築烏沙堡。秋七月，命遮別攻烏沙堡及烏月營，拔之。八月，帝及金師戰於宣平之會河川，敗之。九月，拔德興府，居庸關守將遁去。遮別遂入關，抵中都。

In the sixth year, xinwei, in spring the Emperor resided on the Kereulen River. Ala Qush, chieftain of the Qarluq tribe of the Western Regions, came over in submission; the Uighur ruler Idiqut came to pay court. In the second month the Emperor personally led a southern campaign, defeated the Jin general Ding Xue at Yehu Ridge, and took Dashuibo, Fengli, and other counties. The Jin again built Wusha Fort. In the seventh month of autumn he ordered Jebe to attack Wusha Fort and the Wuyue camp and took them. In the eighth month the Emperor fought the Jin army at the Hui River in Xuanping and defeated them. In the ninth month he took Dexing Prefecture; the defending general of Juyong Pass fled. Jebe then entered the pass and reached the Central Capital.

冬月，襲金群牧監，驅其馬而還。耶律阿海降，入見帝於行在所。皇子朮赤、察合台、窩闊台分徇雲內、東勝、武、朔等州，下之。是冬，駐蹕金之北境。劉伯林、夾谷長哥等來降。

In the winter month he raided the Jin imperial horse pastures and drove off their horses on returning. Yelü Ahay surrendered and entered to see the Emperor at the mobile court. The princes Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei separately carried out campaigns in Yunnei, Dongsheng, Wu, Shuo, and other prefectures and reduced them. That winter he halted the imperial progress on the northern border of the Jin. Liu Bolin, Jiagu Changge, and others came over in submission.

七年壬申春正月，耶律留哥聚眾於隆安，自為都元帥，遣使來附。帝破昌、桓、撫等州。金將紇石烈九斤等率兵三十萬來援，帝與戰於貛兒觜，大敗之。秋，圍西京。金元帥左都監奧屯襄率師來援，帝遣兵誘至密穀口，逆擊之，盡殪。復攻西京，帝中流矢，遂撤圍。九月，察罕克奉聖州。冬十二月甲申，遮別攻東京不拔，即引去，夜馳還，襲克之。

In the seventh year (renzhen), in the first month of spring, Yelü Liuge gathered his forces at Long'an, declared himself supreme commander, and sent envoys to submit. The Emperor took Chang, Huan, Fu, and other prefectures. The Jin general Heishilie Jiuqi and others led three hundred thousand men to relieve the siege. The Emperor met them at Huan'erzui and routed them utterly. In autumn he besieged the Western Capital. The Jin Left Marshal and Left Overseer Aotun Xiang marched to relieve the siege. The Emperor lured his force to Migu Pass, ambushed them, and slaughtered them to the last man. He attacked the Western Capital again, but the Emperor was struck by an arrow and lifted the siege. In the ninth month Chagatai took Fengsheng Prefecture. In the twelfth month of winter, on jiashen day, Jebe attacked the Eastern Capital but could not take it. He withdrew, then galloped back by night and seized it in a surprise attack.

八年癸酉春，耶律留哥自立為遼王，改元元統。秋七月，克宣德府，遂攻德興府。皇子拖雷、駙馬赤駒先登，拔之。帝進至懷來，及金行省完顏綱、元帥高琪戰，敗之，追至北口。金兵保居庸。詔可忒、薄刹守之，遂趨涿鹿。金西京留守忽沙虎遁去。帝出紫荊關，敗金師於五回嶺，拔涿、易二州。契丹訛魯不兒等獻北口，遮別遂取居庸，與可忒、薄刹會。八月，金忽沙虎弑其主允濟，迎豐王珣立之。是秋，分兵三道：命皇子朮赤、察合台、窩闊台為右軍，循太行而南，取保、遂、安肅、安、定、邢、洺、磁、相、衛、輝、懷、孟，掠澤、潞、遼、沁、平陽、太原、吉、隰，拔汾、石、嵐、忻、代、武等州而還；皇弟哈撒兒及斡陳那顏、拙赤、薄刹為左軍，遵海而東，取薊州、平、灤、遼西諸郡而還；帝與皇子拖雷為中軍，取雄、霸、莫、安、河間、滄、景、獻、深、祁、蠡、冀、恩、濮、開、滑、博、濟、泰安、濟南、濱、棣、益都、淄、濰、登、萊、沂等郡。復命木華黎攻密州，屠之。史天倪、蕭勃迭率眾來降，木華黎承制並以為萬戶。帝至中都，三道兵還，合屯大口。是歲，河北郡縣盡拔，唯中都、通、順、真定、清、沃、大名、東平、德、邳、海州十一城不下。

In the eighth year (guiyou), in spring, Yelü Liuge declared himself King of Liao and adopted the era name Yuantong. In the seventh month of autumn they took Xuande Prefecture and then attacked Dexing Prefecture. The prince Tolui and the imperial son-in-law Chiju were first over the wall and took the city. The Emperor advanced to Huailai, fought the Jin Branch Secretariat Wanyan Gang and Marshal Gao Qi, routed them, and pursued to Beikou. The Jin army held Juyong. He ordered Kete and Bosa to hold the pass, then pressed on toward Zhuolu. The Jin Western Capital garrison commander Hushahu fled. The Emperor came out through Zijing Pass, defeated the Jin army at Wuhui Ridge, and took Zhuo and Yi Prefectures. The Khitan Elubu'er and others surrendered Beikou. Jebe then took Juyong and joined Kete and Bosa. In the eighth month the Jin minister Hushahu murdered Emperor Yuzhi and installed Prince Feng Xu on the throne. That autumn the army was divided into three columns. The princes Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei formed the right wing, marched south along the Taihang range, took Bao, Sui, Ansu, An, Ding, Xing, Ming, Ci, Xiang, Wei, Hui, Huai, and Meng, raided Ze, Lu, Liao, Qin, Pingyang, Taiyuan, Ji, and Xi, seized Fen, Shi, Lan, Xin, Dai, Wu, and other prefectures, and returned. The imperial younger brother Hasar, Orchan Noyan, Zhuochi, and Bosa formed the left wing, marched east along the coast, took Ji Prefecture, Ping, Luan, Liaoxi, and other commanderies, and returned. The Emperor and the prince Tolui formed the center column and took Xiong, Ba, Mo, An, Hejian, Cang, Jing, Xian, Shen, Qi, Li, Ji, En, Pu, Kai, Hua, Bo, Ji, Tai'an, Jinan, Bin, Di, Yidu, Zi, Wei, Deng, Lai, Yi, and other commanderies. Muqali was again ordered to attack Mizhou and put it to the sword. Shi Tianni and Xiao Bedie came over with their followers. Acting on imperial authority, Muqali made both men myriarchs. The Emperor reached the Central Capital. The three columns returned and encamped together at Dakou. That year every commandery and county in Hebei fell; only eleven cities held out—the Central Capital, Tong, Shun, Zhending, Qing, Wo, Daming, Dongping, De, Pi, and Haizhou.

九年甲戌春三月，駐蹕中都北郊。諸將請乘勝破燕，帝不從，乃遣使諭金主曰：「汝山東、河北郡縣悉為我有，汝所守惟燕京耳。天既弱汝，我復迫汝於險，天其謂我何？我今還軍，汝不能犒師以弭我諸將之怒耶？」金主遂遣使求和，奉衛紹王女岐國公主及金帛、童男女五百、馬三千以獻，仍遣其丞相完顏福興送帝出居庸。夏五月，金主遷汴，以完顏福興及參政抹撚盡忠輔其太子守忠，留守中都。六月，金糺軍斫答等殺其主帥，率眾來降。詔三摸合、石抹明安與斫答等圍中都。帝避暑魚兒濼。秋七月，金太子守忠走汴。冬十月，木華黎征遼東，高州盧琮、金樸等降。錦州張鯨殺其節度使，自立為臨海王，遣使來降。

In the ninth year (jiaxu), in the third month of spring, the Emperor halted on the northern outskirts of the Central Capital. The generals urged him to press the victory and take Yan, but the Emperor refused. Instead he sent envoys to tell the Jin emperor, "Every commandery and county you held in Shandong and Hebei is now mine. All that remains to you is Yanjing alone. Heaven has already weakened you, and I press you further into peril—what will Heaven think of me? I now withdraw my army. Can you not reward my troops and quiet my generals' wrath?" The Jin emperor sent envoys to sue for peace, offering Prince Shao's daughter, the Princess of Qiguo, together with gold, silks, five hundred boys and girls, and three thousand horses, and dispatched his chief minister Wanyan Fuxing to escort the Emperor out through Juyong Pass. In the fifth month of summer the Jin emperor moved the court to Bian, leaving Wanyan Fuxing and Vice Administrator Manchan Jinzhong to assist Crown Prince Shouzhong in holding the Central Capital. In the sixth month Zhuoda and others of the Jin jüün killed their commander and came over with their followers. Samagha, Shimo Ming'an, and Zhuoda and the others were ordered to besiege the Central Capital. The Emperor took refuge from the heat at Yuer Lake. In the seventh month of autumn the Jin crown prince Shouzhong fled to Bian. In the tenth month of winter Muqali campaigned in Liaodong. Lu Cong of Gaozhou, Jin Pu, and others submitted. Zhang Jing of Jinzhou killed his military commissioner, declared himself King of Linhai, and sent envoys to submit.

十年乙亥春正月，金右副元帥蒲察七斤以通州降，以七斤為元帥。二月，木華黎攻北京，金元帥寅答虎、烏古倫以城降，以寅答虎為留守，吾也而權兵馬都元帥鎮之。興中府元帥石天應來降，以天應為興中府尹。三月，金御史中丞李英等率師援中都，戰於霸州，敗之。夏四月，克清、順二州。詔張鯨總北京十提控兵從南征，鯨謀叛，伏誅。鯨弟致遂據錦州，僭號漢興皇帝，改元興龍。五月庚申，金中都留守完顏福興仰藥死，抹撚盡忠棄城走，明安入守之。是月，避暑桓州涼涇，遣忽都忽等籍中都帑藏。秋七月，紅羅山寨主杜秀降，以秀為錦州節度使。遣乙職裏往諭金主以河北、山東未下諸城來獻，及去帝號為河南王，當為罷兵，不從。詔史天倪南征，授右副都元帥，賜金虎符。八月，天倪取平州，金經略使乞住降。木華黎遣史進道等攻廣寧府，降之。是秋，取城邑凡八百六十有二。

In the tenth year (yihai), in the first month of spring, the Jin Right Vice Marshal Pucha Qijin surrendered Tongzhou and was made marshal. In the second month Muqali attacked the Northern Capital. The Jin marshals Yindahu and Wugulun surrendered the city. Yindahu was made garrison commander, and Uyar was appointed acting commander-in-chief to hold it. Shi Tianying, marshal of Xingzhong Prefecture, came over in submission and was made prefect of Xingzhong. In the third month the Jin Censor-in-Chief Li Ying and others led troops to relieve the Central Capital and were defeated at Bazhou. In the fourth month of summer Qing and Shun Prefectures were taken. Zhang Jing was ordered to lead the ten Northern Capital brigade commanders south on campaign, but he plotted rebellion and was executed. Jing's younger brother Zhi thereupon seized Jinzhou, declared himself Emperor Xing of Han, and adopted the era name Xinglong. On gengshen day in the fifth month the Jin Central Capital garrison commander Wanyan Fuxing took poison and died. Manchan Jinzhong abandoned the city and fled, and Ming'an entered to hold it. That month the Emperor took refuge from the heat at Liangjing in Huanzhou and sent Hududu and others to register the Central Capital treasury. In the seventh month of autumn Du Xiu, chieftain of the Hongluo Mountain stronghold, submitted and was made military commissioner of Jinzhou. Yizhili was sent to tell the Jin emperor to surrender the remaining cities in Hebei and Shandong and to renounce the imperial title in favor of King of Henan, on promise that the war would cease. He refused. Shi Tianni was ordered on the southern campaign, appointed Right Vice Commander-in-Chief, and granted a golden tiger tally. In the eighth month Tianni took Pingzhou, and the Jin frontier commissioner Qizhu submitted. Muqali sent Shi Jindao and others to attack Guangning Prefecture and reduced it. That autumn eight hundred and sixty-two walled places were taken.

冬月，金宣撫蒲鮮萬奴據遼東，僭稱天王，國號大真，改元天泰。十一月，耶律留哥來朝，以其子斜闍入侍。史天祥討興州，擒其節度使趙守玉。

In the winter month the Jin pacification commissioner Puxian Wannu held Liaodong, declared himself Heavenly King, styled his state Dazhen, and adopted the era name Tiantai. In the eleventh month Yelü Liuge came to court, and his son Xiezhe entered service at court. Shi Tianxiang suppressed Xingzhou and captured its military commissioner Zhao Shouyu.

十一年丙子春，還廬朐河行宮。張致陷興中府，木華黎討平之。秋，撒裏知兀三摸合拔都魯率師由西夏趨關中，遂越潼關，獲金西安軍節度使尼龐古薄魯虎，拔汝州等郡，抵汴京而還。冬十月，薄鮮萬奴降，以其子帖哥入侍。既而復叛，僭稱東夏。

In the eleventh year (bingzi), in spring, the Emperor returned to the mobile palace on the Luqu River. Zhang Zhi seized Xingzhong Prefecture; Muqali suppressed and pacified him. In autumn Sariqu Noyan, Samagha Badulu, and others led troops through the Western Xia toward Guanzhong, crossed Tong Pass, captured the Jin military commissioner of Xi'an Army Nephugu Boluhu, took Ruzhou and other commanderies, reached Bianjing, and returned. In the tenth month of winter Puxian Wannu submitted, and his son Tiege entered service at court. Soon afterward he rebelled again and styled himself Eastern Xia.

十二年丁丑夏，盜祁和尚據武平，史天祥討平之，遂擒金將巢元帥以獻。察罕破金監軍夾谷於霸州，金求和，察罕乃還。秋八月，以木華黎為太師，封國王，將蒙古、糺、漢諸軍南征，拔遂城、蠡州。冬，克大名府，遂東定益都、淄、登、萊、濰、密等州。是歲，禿滿部民叛，命缽魯完、朵魯伯討平之。

In the twelfth year (dingchou), in summer, the bandit Qi Heshang held Wuping. Shi Tianxiang suppressed him, captured the Jin general Chao the Marshal, and presented him at court. Chagatai defeated the Jin military inspector Jiagu at Bazhou. The Jin sued for peace, and Chagatai withdrew. In the eighth month of autumn Muqali was made Grand Preceptor, enfeoffed as king, and led Mongol, jüün, and Han armies south. Suicheng and Lizhou were taken. In winter Daming Prefecture fell; then Yidu, Zi, Deng, Lai, Wei, and Mizhou in the east were secured. That year the Tuman tribesmen rebelled; Boluwan and Duoluo'er were ordered to suppress them.

十三年戊寅秋八月，兵出紫荊口，獲金行元帥事張柔，命還其舊職。木華黎自西京入河東，克太原、平陽及忻、代、澤、潞、汾、霍等州。金將武仙攻滿城，張柔擊敗之。是年，伐西夏，圍其王城，夏主李遵頊出走西涼。契丹六哥據高麗江東城，命哈真、劄剌率師平之；高麗王皞遂降，請歲貢方物。

In the thirteenth year (wuyin), in the eighth month of autumn, the army came out through Zijing Pass and captured the Jin Branch Secretariat officer Zhang Rou, who was ordered to resume his former post. Muqali entered Hedong from the Western Capital and took Taiyuan, Pingyang, and the prefectures of Xin, Dai, Ze, Lu, Fen, and Huo. The Jin general Wu Xian attacked Mancheng; Zhang Rou defeated him. That year he campaigned against the Western Xia and besieged the royal city. The Xia ruler Li Zunxu fled to Xiliang. Liuge the Khitan held Jiangdong City in Goryeo; Hazhen and Zhala were ordered to lead troops and pacify it. The King of Goryeo, Hao, thereupon submitted and requested to pay annual tribute in local products.

十四年己卯春，張柔敗武仙，降祁陽、曲陽、中山等城。夏六月，西域殺使者，帝率師親征，取訛答剌城，擒其酋哈只兒只蘭禿。秋，木華黎克岢嵐、吉、隰等州，進攻絳州，拔其城，屠之。

In the fourteenth year (jimao), in spring, Zhang Rou defeated Wu Xian and reduced Qiyang, Quyang, Zhongshan, and other cities. In the sixth month of summer envoys were killed in the Western Regions. The Emperor personally led a campaign, took Otrar, and captured its governor Inalchuq. In autumn Muqali took Ke'lan, Ji, and Xi Prefectures, advanced on Jiangzhou, took the city, and put it to the sword.

十五年庚辰春三月，帝克蒲華城。夏五月，克尋思幹城，駐蹕也兒的石河。秋，攻斡脫羅兒城，克之。木華黎徇地至真定，武仙出降。以史天倪為河北西路兵馬都元帥、行府事，仙副之。東平嚴實籍彰德、大名、磁、洺、恩、博、滑、浚等州戶三十萬來歸，木華黎承制授實金紫光祿大夫、行尚書省事。冬，金邢州節度使武貴降。木華黎攻東平，不克，留嚴實守之，撤圍趨洺州，分兵徇河北諸郡。是歲，授董俊龍虎衛上將軍、右副都元帥。

In the fifteenth year (gengchen), in the third month of spring, the Emperor took Bukhara. In the fifth month of summer he took Samarkand and halted the imperial progress on the Irsy River. In autumn he attacked Urgench and took it. Muqali swept the country as far as Zhending; Wu Xian came out and submitted. Shi Tianni was made Commander-in-Chief of the Hebei Western Circuit army and acting prefect; Wu Xian was made his deputy. Yan Shi of Dongping registered three hundred thousand households from Zhangde, Daming, Ci, Ming, En, Bo, Hua, and Jun Prefectures and came over. Acting on imperial authority, Muqali appointed him Golden Beryl Grandee and acting Director of the Secretariat. In winter the Jin military commissioner of Xingzhou Wu Gui submitted. Muqali attacked Dongping but could not take it. He left Yan Shi to hold it, lifted the siege, pressed toward Mingzhou, and sent detachments to sweep the commanderies of Hebei. That year Dong Jun was appointed General of the Dragon-Tiger Guard and Right Vice Commander-in-Chief.

十六年辛巳春，帝攻卜哈兒、薛迷思幹等城，皇子朮赤攻養吉幹、八兒真等城，並下之。夏四月，駐蹕鐵門關，金主遣烏古孫仲端奉國書請和，稱帝為兄，不允。金東平行省事忙古棄城遁，嚴實入守之。宋遣苟夢玉來請和。夏六月，宋漣水忠義統轄石珪率眾來降，以珪為濟、兗、單三州總管。秋，帝攻班勒紇等城，皇子朮赤、察合台、窩闊台分攻玉龍傑赤等城，下之。冬十月，皇子拖雷克馬魯察葉可、馬魯、昔剌思等城。木華黎出河西，克葭、綏德、保安、鄜、坊、丹等州，進攻延安，不下。十一月，宋京東安撫使張琳以京東諸郡來降，以琳為滄、景、濱、棣等州行都元帥。是歲詔諭德順州。

In the sixteenth year (xinsi), in spring, the Emperor attacked Bukhara, Samarkand, and other cities; the prince Jochi attacked Yangjigan, Barchin, and other cities—all were taken. In the fourth month of summer the imperial progress halted at Iron Gate Pass. The Jin emperor sent Wugusun Zhongduan with a state letter suing for peace and addressing the Emperor as elder brother; the request was refused. Manggu, Eastern Branch Secretariat officer of the Jin, abandoned the city and fled; Yan Shi entered to hold it. Song sent Gou Mengyu to sue for peace. In the sixth month of summer Shi Gui, commander of the Loyal Righteous of Lianshui, came over with his followers and was made overall commander of Ji, Yan, and Shan Prefectures. In autumn the Emperor attacked Banlehe and other cities; the princes Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei separately attacked Urgench and other cities and took them. In the tenth month of winter the prince Tolui took Maruchaq, Marv, Sistan, and other cities. Muqali came out west of the river and took Jia, Suide, Bao'an, Fu, Fang, and Dan Prefectures, then advanced on Yan'an but could not take it. In the eleventh month Zhang Lin, Eastern Pacification Commissioner of Song, surrendered the Jingdong commanderies; Lin was made acting commander-in-chief of Cang, Jing, Bin, and Di Prefectures. That year an edict was issued instructing Deshun Prefecture.

十七年壬午春，皇子拖雷克徒思、匿察兀兒等城，還經木剌夷國，大掠之，渡搠搠闌河，克也裏等城。遂與帝會，合兵攻塔里寒寨，拔之。木華黎軍克乾、涇、邠、原等州，攻鳳翔，不下。夏，避暑塔里寒寨。西域主劄闌丁出奔，與滅裏可汗合，忽都忽與戰不利。帝自將擊之，擒滅裏可汗。劄闌丁遁去，遣八剌追之，不獲。秋，金復遣烏古孫仲端來請和，見帝於回鶻國。帝謂曰：「我向欲汝主授我河朔地，令汝主為河南王，彼此罷兵，汝主不從。今木華黎已盡取之，乃始來請耶？」仲端乞哀，帝曰：「念汝遠來，河朔既為我有，關西數城未下者，其割付我，令汝主為河南王，勿復違也。」仲端乃歸。金平陽公胡天祚以青龍堡降。冬十月，金河中府來附，以石天應為兵馬都元帥守之。

In the seventeenth year (renwu), in spring, the prince Tolui took Tus, Ghazna, and other cities. On the return march he passed through the Ismaili state and plundered it heavily, crossed the Amu Darya, and took Yili and other cities. He then joined the Emperor; their armies united to attack the Talaqan stronghold and took it. Muqali's army took Qian, Jing, Bin, and Yuan Prefectures and attacked Fengxiang but could not take it. In summer he took refuge from the heat at the Talaqan stronghold. The Western Regions ruler Jalal al-Din fled, joined Malik Khan, and Hududu fought them without success. The Emperor personally led the attack and captured Malik Khan. Jalal al-Din of Khwarazm slipped away; the Emperor sent Baraq after him, but he could not be taken. That autumn the Jin again dispatched Wugusun Zhongduan to sue for peace, and he was received by the Emperor in Uighur lands. The Emperor told him, "I once asked your master to hand over the Hebei territories and take the title King of Henan, so that we might both lay down arms. Your master refused. Now that Muqali has taken them all, you come asking for peace?" Zhongduan pleaded for mercy. The Emperor said, "You have come a long way; since Hebei is already mine, cede to me the few western cities still untaken, let your master be King of Henan, and do not defy me again." Zhongduan then departed. Hu Tianzuo, Duke of Pingyang under the Jin, surrendered Qinglong Fort. In the tenth month of winter the Jin Hedong Prefecture came over; Shi Tianying was made commander-in-chief to hold it.

十九年甲申夏，宋大名總管彭義斌侵河北，史天倪與戰於恩州，敗之。是歲，帝至東印度國，角端見，班師。

In the nineteenth year (jiashen), during summer, the Song prefect of Da Ming, Peng Yibin, raided Hebei. Shi Tianni met him at En Prefecture and routed him. That year the Emperor reached Eastern India. When Jiaoduan appeared, he turned the army homeward.

二十年乙酉春正月，還行宮。二月，武仙以真定叛，殺史天倪。董俊判官李全亦以中山叛。三月，史天澤擊仙走之，復真定。夏六月，彭義斌以兵應仙，天澤禦於贊皇，擒斬之。

In the twentieth year (yiyou), on the first month of spring, he returned to the mobile palace. In the second month Wu Xian rebelled at Zhending and killed Shi Tianni. Li Quan, a subordinate of Dong Jun, also rebelled at Zhongshan. In the third month Shi Tianze struck, put Wu Xian to flight, and recovered Zhending. In the sixth month of summer Peng Yibin marched to Wu Xian's aid. Tianze met him at Zanhuang, took him prisoner, and put him to death.

二十一年丙戌春正月，帝以西夏納仇人亦喝翔昆及不遣質子，自將伐之。

In the twenty-first year (bingxu), on the first month of spring, the Emperor — because Western Xia had sheltered his enemy Yiyili Xiange and refused to send a hostage prince — personally took the field against them.

二月，取黑水等城。夏，避暑於渾垂山。取甘、肅等州。秋，取西涼府搠羅、河羅等縣，遂逾沙陀，至黃河九渡，取應裏等縣。九月，李全執張琳，郡王帶孫進兵圍全於益都。冬十一月庚申，帝攻靈州，夏遣嵬名令公來援。丙寅，帝渡河擊夏師，敗之。丁丑，五星聚見於西南。駐蹕鹽州川。十二月，李全降。授張柔行軍千戶、保州等處都元帥。是歲，皇子窩闊台及察罕之師圍金南京，遣唐慶責歲幣於金。

In the second month he took Heishui and other cities. In summer he withdrew to Hunzhui Mountain to escape the heat. He seized Gan, Su, and other prefectures. In autumn he took Shuoluo, Heluo, and other counties of Xiliang Prefecture, crossed the Shato sands, reached the Yellow River's Nine Fords, and seized Yingli and other counties. In the ninth month Li Quan seized Zhang Lin. Prince Taisun marched forth and besieged Quan at Yidu. In the eleventh month of winter, on gengshen day, the Emperor attacked Ling Prefecture. Western Xia sent Weiming Linggong to its relief. On bingyin day the Emperor crossed the river, struck the Xia army, and defeated them. On dingchou day the five planets gathered in conjunction, visible in the southwest. He halted at Yanchuan. In the twelfth month Li Quan surrendered. Zhang Rou was made mobile thousand-household commander and commander-in-chief of Baozhou and neighboring districts. That year the armies of Prince Ögedei and Chaghan besieged the Jin Southern Capital, and Tang Qing was dispatched to exact annual tribute from the Jin.

二十二年丁亥春，帝留兵攻夏王城，自率師渡河攻積石州。二月，破臨洮府。

In the twenty-second year (dinghai), in spring, the Emperor left troops to press the Xia royal city and personally led his army across the river against Jishi Prefecture. In the second month he breached Lintao Prefecture.

三月，破洮、河、西寧二州。遣斡陳那顏攻信都府，拔之。夏四月，帝次龍德，拔德順等州，德順節度使愛申、進士馬肩龍死焉。五月，遣唐慶等使金。閏月，避暑六盤山。六月，金遣完顏合周、奧屯阿虎來請和。帝謂群臣曰：「朕自去冬五星聚時，已嘗許不殺掠，遽忘下詔耶。今可佈告中外，令彼行人亦知朕意。」是月，夏主李晛降。帝次清水縣西江。秋七月壬午，不豫。己丑，崩於薩里川哈老徒之行宮。臨崩謂左右曰：「金精兵在潼關，南據連山，北限大河，難以遽破。若假道於宋，宋、金世仇，必能許我，則下兵唐、鄧，直搗大梁。金急，必徵兵潼關。然以數萬之眾，千里赴援，人馬疲弊，雖至弗能戰，破之必矣。」言訖而崩，壽六十六，葬起輦穀。至元三年冬十月，追諡聖武皇帝。至大二年冬十一月庚辰，加諡法天啟運聖武皇帝，廟號太祖。在位二十二年。

In the third month he took the prefectures of Taohe and Xining. Ochigin Noyan was sent against Xindu Prefecture and captured it. In the fourth month of summer the Emperor halted at Longde and took Deshun and other prefectures. The Deshun military commissioner Aisin and the jinshi Ma Jianlong fell in the fighting. In the fifth month Tang Qing and others were dispatched as envoys to the Jin. In the intercalary month he withdrew to the Liupan Mountains to escape the heat. In the sixth month the Jin sent Wanyan Hezhou and Autun Ahu to sue for peace. The Emperor told his ministers, "Since last winter, when the five planets gathered, I already vowed not to kill or plunder. Have I forgotten to proclaim it? Let it now be proclaimed throughout the realm, so that travelers on the road may know my intent as well." That month the Xia ruler Li Xian surrendered. The Emperor halted at the West River in Qingshui County. On renshen day in the seventh month of autumn he fell ill. On jichou day he died at the mobile palace of Salihu Khara Tu on the Salichuan. At the point of death he told those at his side, "The Jin's best troops hold Tong Pass, with mountains chained to the south and the great river to the north — they cannot be broken in haste. If we borrow a road through Song — Song and Jin are hereditary foes — they will surely allow it. Then we can descend on Tang and Deng and drive straight at Daliang. Alarmed, the Jin will surely summon troops from Tong Pass. But tens of thousands hurrying a thousand li to the rescue — men and horses spent — even when they arrive they will be in no state to fight. Victory is assured." With these words he died, aged sixty-six. He was buried at Qinian Valley. In the tenth month of winter in the third year of Zhiyuan he was posthumously titled Emperor Shengwu. In the eleventh month of winter, on gengchen day in the second year of Zhida, he received the further title Emperor Fatian Qiyun Shengwu, with the temple name Taizu. He reigned twenty-two years.

帝深沉有大略，用兵如神，故能滅國四十，遂平西夏。其奇勳偉跡甚眾，惜乎當時史官不備，或多失於紀載云。

Deep and reserved, possessed of great strategic vision, he wielded armies as if by divine art — and so destroyed forty kingdoms and brought Western Xia to heel. His extraordinary feats were beyond count; alas, the court historians of his day were inadequate, and much was never recorded.

戊子年。是歲，皇子拖雷監國。

The wuzi year (1228). That year Prince Tolui held the regency.

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