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選舉四○考課
Selection of Officials, Part Four — Merit Examination
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凡隨朝職官：至元六年格，一考升一等，兩考通升二等止。 六部侍郎正四品，依舊例通理八十月，升三品。 左右司郎中、員外郎、都事，考滿升二等。 六部郎中、員外郎、主事，三十月考滿升一等，兩考通升二等。
For officials serving at court: under the regulations of Zhiyuan 6 (1269), one merit review advances one rank, and two reviews together advance two ranks at most. Vice ministers of the Six Ministries (rank 4a) are promoted to rank 3 after a combined total of eighty months of service, as under the former rule. Directors, vice directors, and chief clerks in the Left and Right Secretariat offices advance two ranks upon completing their review. Directors, vice directors, and section chiefs in the Six Ministries advance one rank after a thirty-month review and two ranks after two reviews combined.
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凡官員考數：省部定擬：從九品擬歷三任，升從八。 正九品歷兩任，升從八。 正八品歷三任，升從七。 從七歷三任，呈省。 正七歷兩任，升從六。 從六品通歷三任，升從五。 正六歷兩任，升從五。 從五轉至正五，緣四品闕少，通歷兩任，須歷上州尹一任，方入四品。 內外正從四品，通理八十月，升三品。
On the number of reviews required for promotion, the central ministries prescribed: officials at rank 9b must complete three terms before advancing to rank 8b. Rank 9a officials advance to rank 8b after two terms. Rank 8a officials advance to rank 7b after three terms. Rank 7b officials, after three terms, are referred to the Secretariat for decision. Rank 7a officials advance to rank 6b after two terms. Rank 6b officials advance to rank 5b after three terms in all. Rank 6a officials advance to rank 5b after two terms. Promotion from rank 5b to 5a: because fourth-rank posts are scarce, after two terms one must also serve as prefect of an upper prefecture before entering the fourth rank. Fourth-rank officials, whether in the capital or in the provinces, are promoted to rank 3 after a combined total of eighty months.
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凡取會行止：中統三年，詔置簿立式，取會各官姓名、籍貫、年甲、入仕次第。 至元十九年，諸職官解由到省部，考其功過，以憑黜陟。 大德元年，外任官解由到吏部，止於刑部照過，將各人所歷，立行止簿，就檢照定擬。
On verifying officials' conduct records: in Zhongtong 3 (1262) an edict established a register format requiring each official's name, birthplace, age, and sequence of appointments. In Zhiyuan 19 (1282), when officials' departure credentials reached the central ministries, their performance was reviewed to determine promotions and dismissals. In Dade 1 (1297), provincial officials' credentials went to the Ministry of Personnel, with criminal records checked only at the Ministry of Justice; each career was recorded in a conduct register and appointments were decided accordingly.
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凡職官回降：至元十九年，定江淮官已受宣敕，資品相應，例升二等遷去。 江淮官員依舊於江淮任用。 其已考滿者，並免回降。 不及考者，例存一等。 有出身未合入流品受宣者，任回，三品擬同六品，四品擬同七品，正從五品同正八品； 受敕者，正從六品同從八品，七品、八品同正從九品，正從九品同提領案牘、巡檢。 無出身及白身人受宣者，三品同七品，四品同八品，正從五品同正九品； 受敕者，正從六品同從九品，七品、八品同提領案牘、巡檢，正從九品擬院務監當官。 其上項有資品人員，再於接連福建、兩廣溪洞州郡任用，擬升一等。 兩廣、福建，別議升轉。 至元十四年，都省未註江淮官已前，創立官府，招撫百姓，實有勞績者，其見受職名，若應受宣者，三品同七品，四品、五品擬同八品； 若應受敕者，正從六品同正從九品，其七品、八品擬同提控案牘、巡檢，正從九品擬同院務監當官。 無出身不應敘白身人，其見受職名，應受宣者，三品同八品，四品、五品同九品； 應受敕者，正從六品同提控案牘、巡檢，七品以下擬院務監當官。 其上項人員，若再於接連福建、兩廣溪洞州郡任用，擬升一等。 兩廣、福建，別議升轉。 至元十四年已後，新收撫州郡、準上例定奪。 前資不應又升二等遷去江淮官員，任回，擬定前資合得品級，於上例升二等，止於江淮遷轉，若於腹裏任用，並依上例。 七品以下，已歷三品、四品者，比附上項有出身未入流品人員例，從一高。 前三件於見擬資品上增一等銓註。 二十一年，詔：「軍官轉入民職，已受宣敕不曾之任者，擬自準定資品換授，從禮任月日為始，理算資考升轉。 若先受宣敕已經禮任，資品相應者，通理月日升轉外，據驟升人員前任所歷月日除一考外，余月日與後任月日依準定資品通理升轉，不及考者，擬自準定資品換授，從禮任月日為始，理算資考升轉。 腹裏常調官，除資品相應者依例升轉外，有前資未應入流品受宣敕者，六品以下人員，照勘有無出身，依驗職事品秩，自受敕以後歷一考者，同江淮例定擬，不及考者，更升一等。 五品以上人員，斟酌比附議擬，呈省據在前已經除授者，任回通理定奪。」
On demotion upon return from assignment: in Zhiyuan 19 it was fixed that Jianghuai officials who held imperial appointment edicts at matching rank were routinely advanced two grades when transferred out. Jianghuai officials continued to be posted within the Jianghuai region as before. Those who had completed their merit review were exempt from demotion upon return. Those who had not completed a review retained one rank lower than the rule would otherwise allow. Officials with formal qualifications not yet in the regular civil ranks who held appointment edicts, upon return: rank 3 was treated as rank 6, rank 4 as rank 7, and ranks 5a/5b as rank 8a; Those holding commission edicts: ranks 6a/6b were treated as rank 8b, ranks 7–8 as ranks 9a/9b, and ranks 9a/9b as record clerks or patrol inspectors. Those without formal qualifications or commoners who held appointment edicts: rank 3 was treated as rank 7, rank 4 as rank 8, and ranks 5a/5b as rank 9a; Those holding commission edicts: ranks 6a/6b were treated as rank 9b, ranks 7–8 as record clerks or patrol inspectors, and ranks 9a/9b as bureau supervisors. The above officials with qualifying ranks, if posted again in adjoining Fujian or the two Guang stream-cave prefectures, were to advance one rank. Promotion rules for the two Guang regions and Fujian were considered separately. In Zhiyuan 14 (1277), for officials who before central registration had founded offices and pacified the populace with real merit: if entitled to appointment edicts, rank 3 was treated as rank 7 and ranks 4–5 as rank 8; If entitled to commission edicts, ranks 6a/6b were treated as ranks 9a/9b, ranks 7–8 as record clerks or patrol inspectors, and ranks 9a/9b as bureau supervisors. Commoners without formal qualifications not eligible for regular promotion: if entitled to appointment edicts, rank 3 was treated as rank 8 and ranks 4–5 as rank 9; If entitled to commission edicts, ranks 6a/6b were treated as record clerks or patrol inspectors, and rank 7 and below as bureau supervisors. The above officials, if posted again in adjoining Fujian or the two Guang stream-cave prefectures, were to advance one rank. Promotion rules for the two Guang regions and Fujian were considered separately. After Zhiyuan 14, newly pacified prefectures and districts were governed by the precedents above. Jianghuai officials whose prior rank did not qualify them but who had been advanced two grades and transferred out: upon return, their proper prior rank was fixed and they received two grades under the above rules, limited to Jianghuai transfers; interior postings followed the same rules. Officials of rank 7 and below who had previously served at ranks 3 or 4 were treated one rank higher than the precedent for qualified officials not yet in the regular civil ranks. The first three categories received one additional rank on their proposed qualifying grade at appointment. In year 21, an edict stated: "Military officers entering civil service who held appointment edicts but had not taken office were to be reassigned at their approved rank, with seniority counted from the ceremonial assumption date for merit reviews and promotion. If they had already ceremonially assumed office at matching rank, months were totaled for promotion; for rapidly promoted officials, prior-service months beyond one review period were combined with later-service months at the approved rank; those without a completed review were reassigned at the approved rank from the ceremonial assumption date. For regular interior officials: besides those at matching rank promoted under standard rules, rank-6-and-below holders of appointment edicts whose prior rank was not yet in the regular civil ranks were assessed for formal qualifications and post rank; after one review from the commission date they were treated under Jianghuai rules, otherwise advanced one further rank. Officials of rank 5 and above were decided by analogy and submitted to the Secretariat; for those already appointed, decisions were made comprehensively upon return from office."
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凡吏屬年勞差等：至元六年，吏部呈：「省部譯史、通事，舊以一百二十月出職，今案牘繁冗，合以九十月為滿。」 十九年，部擬：「行省通事、譯史、令史、宣使或經例革替罷，所歷月日不等，如元經省掾發去，不及一考者，擬令貼補； 及一考之上者，比臺院令史出身例定奪。 自行踏逐者，降一等敘，不及一考者，發還本省區用。 宣慰司人吏，經省院發，不及一考者，擬貼補； 及一考之上者，比部令史出身降一等定奪。 自行踏逐者，又降一等； 不及一考者，別無定奪。」 二十年，省擬：「雲南行省極邊重地令譯史人等，六十月考滿。 甘肅行省令譯史人等，六十五月考滿，本土人員，依舊例用。」 二十五年，省準：「緬中行省令史，依雲南行省一體出身。」 大德元年，省臣奏：「以省、臺、院諸衙門令譯史、通事、知印、宣使等，舊以九十月為滿，升遷太驟，今以一百二十月為滿，於應得職事內升用。 又寫聖旨、掌奏事選法、應辦刑名文字必阇赤等，以八月折十月，今後毋令折算。」 四年，制以諸衙門令譯史、宣使人等一百二十月為滿。 部議：「遠方令譯史人等，甘肅、福建、四川於此發去，九十月為滿。 兩廣、海北海南道於此發去，八十月滿，雲南省八十月滿。 土人一百二十月滿。」 都省議：「俱以九十月為考滿，土人依例一百二十月為滿。」 至大元年，部議：「和林行省即系遠方，其人吏比四川、甘肅行省九十月出職。」 二年，詔：「中外吏員人等，依世祖定制，以九十月滿，參詳，歷一百二十月已受除者，依大德十一年內制，外任減一資。 所有詔書已後在選未曾除受，並見告滿之人，歷一百二十月者，合同四考理算，外任一資不須再減。」 省擬：「以九十月為滿，余有月日，後任理算。 應滿而不離役者，雖有役過月日，不準。」 三年，省準：「河西廉訪司書吏人等月日。」 部議：「合準舊例，雲南六十月，河西、西川六十五月，土人九十月為滿。」 皇慶二年，部議：「凡內外諸司吏員，舊以九十月為滿，大德元年改一百二十月為滿，至大二年復舊制。 一紀之間，受除者眾。 其元除有以三十月為一考者，亦有四十月為一考者，以所除不等，往往援例陳訴，有礙選法。 擬合依已降詔絳為格，系大德元年三月七日以後入役，至未復舊制之前，已除未除俱以四十月為一考，通理一百二十月為滿，減資升轉。 其未滿受除者，一體理考定擬，余二十六月已上，準升一等，十五月之上，減外任一資，十五月之下，後任理算。 改格之後應滿而不離役者，役過月日，別無定奪。」
On clerical seniority and grades: in Zhiyuan 6 the Ministry of Personnel submitted that secretariat and ministry interpreters and liaison officers, formerly leaving office after 120 months, should complete service after 90 months given the increased documentary burden. In year 19 the ministry proposed: for provincial liaison officers, interpreters, clerks, and envoys abolished or replaced under precedent with unequal service months, those originally sent from secretariat clerks without one review were to have service supplemented; those with one review or more were decided by the precedent for Censorate and court clerk qualifications. Those recruited locally were entered one rank lower; those without one review were returned for use within their province. Pacification commission staff sent from the central offices without one review were to have service supplemented; those with one review or more were decided one rank below the ministry clerk qualification precedent. Those recruited locally were lowered one further rank; those without one review received no separate ruling. In year 20 the province proposed that clerks and interpreters in the Yunnan Branch Secretariat's most remote border posts complete review after 60 months. Gansu Branch Secretariat clerks and interpreters complete review after 65 months; native personnel continue under the former rules. In year 25 the province approved that Burma Branch Secretariat clerks share the same qualification rules as Yunnan. In Dade 1 provincial ministers reported that secretariat, censorate, and court clerks, interpreters, liaison officers, seal keepers, and envoys, formerly completing service at 90 months with overly rapid promotion, should now complete at 120 months and be promoted within qualifying posts. Also edict writers, memorial-selection managers, and bituqchi handling criminal documents had counted eight months as ten; this conversion was abolished thereafter. In year 4 a regulation set all office clerks, interpreters, and envoys at 120 months' completion. The ministry ruled that distant-region clerks and interpreters sent from Gansu, Fujian, and Sichuan complete service at 90 months. Those sent from the two Guang regions and the Haibei Hainan Circuit complete at 80 months; Yunnan Province at 80 months. Native personnel complete at 120 months. The Secretariat ruled that all complete review at 90 months, while native personnel remain at 120 months under precedent. In Zhida 1 the ministry ruled that the Karakorum Branch Secretariat, as a distant region, releases staff after 90 months like Sichuan and Gansu. In year 2 an edict restored Shizu's 90-month completion for clerical staff everywhere; those who had served 120 months and been appointed followed the Dade 11 interior rule, with one qualification deducted for provincial appointments. Those on the roster after the edict not yet appointed, and those reporting completion with 120 months' service, were calculated as four reviews combined; no further qualification deduction applied to provincial appointments. The province proposed 90 months as completion, with remaining months counted in the next post. Those who should have completed service but did not leave their post could not count excess months. In year 3 the province approved rules for Hexi Surveillance Commission clerks' service months. The ministry ruled per former precedent: Yunnan 60 months, Hexi and Xichuan 65 months, native personnel 90 months. In Huangqing 2 the ministry noted that all clerical staff had completed at 90 months until Dade 1 changed this to 120 months, restored in Zhida 2. Many received appointments during this twelve-year period. Original appointments used either 30 or 40 months per review; unequal treatment led to frequent appeals citing precedent, disrupting selection rules. It was proposed to follow the issued edict: those entering service after Dade 1, 3rd month, 7th day until the old system was restored, appointed or not, used 40 months per review and 120 months total for completion, with qualification reduction on promotion. Those appointed before completing service had reviews calculated uniformly; over 26 remaining months qualified for one-rank promotion; over 15 months deducted one provincial qualification; under 15 months counted in the next post. After the rule change, those who should have completed service but did not leave their post received no ruling on excess months."
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凡吏員考滿授從六品：至元九年，省準：「省令史出身，中統四年已前，六品升遷，已後七品除授，至元之後，事繁責重，宜依準中統四年已前考滿一體註授。」 三十一年，省議：「三師僚屬，蒙古必阇赤、掾史、宣使等，依都省設置，若不由臺院轉補者，降等敘。」 元貞元年，省議：「監修國史僚屬，依三師所設，非臺院轉補者，降等敘。」 大德五年，部呈考滿省掾各各資品。 省議：「今後院臺並行省令史選充省掾者，雖理考滿，須歷三十月方許出職，仍分省發、自行踏逐者，各部令史毋得直理省掾月日。」
On clerks completing review and receiving rank 6b: in Zhiyuan 9 the province approved that secretariat clerks before Zhongtong 4 were promoted to rank 6, afterward appointed at rank 7; after Zhiyuan, given heavier duties, those completing review should uniformly receive appointment as before Zhongtong 4. In year 31 the province ruled that Three Preceptors staff—Mongolian bituqchi, clerks, and envoys—follow secretariat establishment; those not transferred from the censorate or courts were entered at a lower rank. In Yuanzhen 1 the province ruled that National History compilation staff follow Three Preceptors rules; those not transferred from the censorate or courts were entered at a lower rank. In Dade 5 the ministry reported the qualifying ranks of secretariat clerks who had completed review. The province ruled that court, censorate, and branch secretariat clerks selected as secretariat clerks must serve 30 months before leaving office despite review completion; ministry clerks may not directly count secretariat clerk months, distinguishing centrally sent from locally recruited staff.
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凡吏員考滿授正七品：至元九年，部擬：「院、臺、大司農司令史出身，三考正七品。 一考之上，驗月日定奪。 一考之下，二十月以上為從八品； 十五月以上正九品； 十五月以下，十月之上為從九品，添一資，歷十月以下為巡檢。」 十一年，部議：「紥魯火赤令史、譯史考滿，合依樞密院、御史臺令史、譯史出身，三考出為正七品，自用者降一等，有闕於部令史內選取。」 十四年，部擬：「前諸站統領使司令史，同部令史出身，今既改通政院從二品，通事、譯史、令史人等，宜同臺、院人吏一體出身。」 十五年，翰林國史院言：「本院令史系省準人員，其出身與御史臺一體，遇闕省掾時，亦合勾補。 準吏部牒，本院令史以九十月考滿，同部令史出身，本院與御史臺皆隨朝二品，令史亦合與臺令史一體出身，有闕於部令史內選用。」 十九年，部擬：「泉府司隨朝從二品，令史、譯史人等，由省部發者，考滿依通政院例定奪，自行用者降一等。」 二十年，定擬安西王王相府首領官令史，與臺、院吏屬一體遷轉。 二十二年，部擬：「宣徽院升為二品，與臺、院品秩相同，令史出身合依正七品遷除貢補，省、院有闕，於部令史內選取。」 總制院與御史臺俱為正二品，部擬：「令譯史考滿，亦合一體出身。」 二十三年，省準：「詹事院掾史，若六部選充者，考滿出為正七品，自用者降等。」 二十四年，集賢院言：「本院與翰林國史院品級相同。」 省議：「令史考滿，一體定奪。」 二十五年，省議：「上都留守司兼本路總管府令史出身，三考正八品，其自部令史內選取者，同宣徽院、太醫院令史一體出身。 上都留守司升為正二品，見設令史，自行踏逐者，考滿不為例，從七品內選用； 部令史內選取，考滿宣徽院、大司農司令史一體出身。」 部議：「都護府人吏依通政院令譯史人等出身，由省部發者，考滿出為正七品，自用者降一等。」 二十六年，省準：「都功德使司隨朝二品，令譯史人等，比臺、院人吏一體升轉。」 二十九年，部呈：「大司徒令史，若各部選發者，三考出為正七，自用者降等。 崇福司與都護府、泉府司品秩相同，所設人吏，由省部發者，考滿出為正七品，自用者降一等。 福建省征瓜哇所設人吏，出征回還，俱同考滿。」 三十年，省準：「將作院令史，依通政院等衙門令史，考滿除正七品。」 部議：「如系六部選發，考滿除正七品，自用者本衙門敘。」 元貞元年，內史府秩正二品，令史亦於部令史內收補，考滿除正七品，自用者降等。 大德九年，部擬：「闊闊出大司徒令史，若各部選發，考滿正七，自用者降等。」 至大四年，省準：「會福院令史、知印、通事、譯史、宣使、典吏俱自用，前擬不拘常調，考滿本衙門區用。 隆禧院令史人等，如常選者，考滿依例遷敘，自用者不入常調，於本衙門區用。 「皇慶二年，部議：「崇祥院人吏，系部令史發補者，依例遷用，不應者降等敘。」 延祐四年，部議：「隆禧院令史、譯史、通事、知印、典吏同五臺殊祥院人吏一體，常選內委付。 其出身若有曾歷寺監並籍記各部令史人等，考滿同二品衙門出身，降等敘，白身者降等，添一資升轉； 省部發去者，依例遷敘。 後有闕，令史須於常選教授儒人職官並部令史見役上名內取補； 宣使於職官並相應內參補； 通事、知印從長官保選，仍參用職官，違例補充，別無定奪。 殊祥院人吏，先未定擬，亦合一體。」
On clerks completing review and receiving rank 7a: in Zhiyuan 9 the ministry proposed that court, censorate, and Grand Secretariat for Agriculture clerks qualify at rank 7a after three reviews. With one review or more, rank was decided by verifying months served. Below one review, 20 months or more qualified for rank 8b; 15 months or more qualified for rank 9a; below 15 months but above 10 qualified for rank 9b with one added qualification; below 10 months qualified as patrol inspector. In year 11 the ministry ruled that Jarquchi clerks and interpreters completing review follow Privy Council and Censorate clerk rules—rank 7a after three reviews; locally employed staff one rank lower; vacancies filled from ministry clerks. In year 14 the ministry proposed that former station superintendent clerks, now under the rank-2b Communications Office, should share censorate and court staff qualification rules for liaison officers, interpreters, and clerks. In year 15 the Hanlin National History Academy reported that its clerks, provincially approved, share Censorate qualifications and should be drawn to fill secretariat clerk vacancies. Per the Ministry of Personnel dispatch, academy clerks complete review at 90 months with ministry clerk qualifications; as both academy and Censorate are rank-2 court offices, academy clerks share Censorate clerk qualifications, with vacancies filled from ministry clerks. In year 19 the ministry proposed that Treasury Office rank-2b court clerks and interpreters sent from central offices follow Communications Office rules upon review completion; locally employed staff one rank lower. In year 20 chief clerks of the Anxi King's chancellor's office were placed under the same transfer rules as censorate and court clerical staff. In year 22 the ministry proposed that the raised-to-rank-2 Xuanhui Court, equal to censorate and court offices, should grant clerk qualifications at rank 7a, with vacancies filled from ministry clerks. The rank-2a General Regulatory Court and Censorate were proposed to share unified clerk and interpreter qualifications upon review completion. In year 23 the province approved that Heir Apparent Household Administration clerks selected from the Six Ministries qualify at rank 7a upon review completion; locally employed staff at a lower rank. In year 24 the Academy of Worthies reported that it shares rank with the Hanlin National History Academy. The province ruled that academy clerks completing review receive the same unified decision. In year 25 the province ruled that Shangdu Garrison Command clerks qualify at rank 8a after three reviews; those selected from ministry clerks share Xuanhui Court and Imperial Medical Academy clerk qualifications. When the Shangdu Garrison Command was raised to rank 2a, locally recruited existing clerks did not set precedent upon review completion and were selected from within rank 7b; those selected from ministry clerks shared Xuanhui Court and Grand Secretariat for Agriculture clerk qualifications upon review completion. The ministry ruled that Chief Protectorate staff follow Communications Office clerk and interpreter qualifications: centrally sent staff qualify at rank 7a upon review completion; locally employed staff one rank lower. In year 26 the province approved that rank-2 court Chief Merit Commission clerks and interpreters follow the same promotion rules as censorate and court staff. In year 29 the ministry reported that Grand Preceptor clerks selected from ministries qualify at rank 7a after three reviews; locally employed staff at a lower rank. The Chongfu Office, equal in rank to the Chief Protectorate and Treasury Office, granted rank 7a upon review completion to centrally sent staff and one rank lower to locally employed staff. Clerks posted by Fujian Province for the Java expedition were all credited with a completed merit review upon their return. In year 30 the province approved that Palace Construction Office clerks, like those of the Communications Office and comparable offices, qualify for rank 7a upon review completion. The ministry ruled that those selected from the Six Ministries qualify for rank 7a upon review completion, while locally employed staff are entered within their own office. In Yuanzhen 1 (1295), with the Inner Secretariat at rank 2a, its clerks were recruited from ministry clerks and qualify for rank 7a upon review completion; locally employed staff at a lower rank. In Dade 9 (1305) the ministry proposed that Grand Preceptor clerks selected from ministries qualify at rank 7a upon review completion, with locally employed staff at a lower rank. In Zhida 4 (1311) the province approved that Huifu Hall clerks, seal keepers, liaisons, interpreters, envoys, and record clerks—all locally employed and exempt from regular rotation—serve within their own office upon review completion. Longxi Hall clerks drawn from regular selection follow standard promotion upon review completion; locally employed staff remain outside the regular rotation and serve within their own office. In Huangqing 2 (1313) the ministry ruled that Chongxiang Hall staff dispatched from ministry clerks transfer per precedent, while unqualified candidates enter at a lower rank. In Yanyou 4 (1317) the ministry ruled that Longxi Hall clerks, interpreters, liaisons, seal keepers, and record clerks follow the same rules as Wutai Shuxiang Hall staff and are assigned through regular selection. Staff with prior service in directorates or superintendencies, or registered ministry clerks, qualify upon review completion at the rank-2 yamen level but enter at a lower grade; those without prior rank also enter lower and advance one qualification step; Those dispatched from the central province and ministries follow standard promotion rules. Future clerk vacancies must be filled from regular-selection Confucian instructors and active ministry clerks on the rolls; envoys from among officials and qualified candidates; liaisons and seal keepers chosen on the chief's recommendation, still drawn from officials; irregular appointments receive no separate ruling. Shuxiang Hall staff, previously without fixed rules, should follow the same policy.
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凡吏員考滿授從七品：至元六年，省擬：「部令史、譯史、通事人等，中統四年正月以前收補者，擬九十月為滿，註從七品，回降正八一任，還入從七。 以後充者，亦擬九十月為滿，正八品，仍免回降。」 九年，吏、禮部擬：「凡部令史二考，註從七品。 一考之上，驗月日定奪。 一考之下，二十月以上者正九品。 十五月以上從九品，十五月以下，令史提控案牘，通事、譯史巡檢。 太府監改擬正三品，與六部同，人吏自行踏逐，將已歷月日準為資考，似為不倫，擬自改升月日為始，九十月為滿，同部令史出職，有闕於籍記部令史內挨次收補。」 十一年，省議：「省斷事官令史，與六部令史一體出身，若是實歷俸月九十月，考滿遷除，有闕於應補部令史人內挨次補用。」 省議：「中禦府正三品，擬同太府監令史出身，九十月於從七品內除授，自行踏逐者降一等，歇下名闕，於應補部令史人內補填。」 十三年，省議：「行工部令史，與六部令史一體出身。 四怯薛令史，九十月同部令史出身，有闕以籍記部令史內補填。」 二十年，部呈：「行省令、譯史人等，比臺、院一體出身。 行臺、行院令譯史、通事人等，九十月考滿，元系都省臺院發去及應補之人，合降臺院一等。」 二十三年，省判：「大都留守司兼少府監令史，如系省部發去相應人員，同部令史出身，九十月考滿，從七品，自行踏逐者降等。」 二十四年，省判：「中尚監令史人等，若系省部發去人員，同太府監令譯史等出身，自行踏逐者降等。」 太史院令史，部議：「如省部發去人員，從七品內遷除，自行踏逐者，降等敘用。」 部擬：「行省臺院令史，九十月考滿，若系都省臺院發去腹裏請俸人員，行省令史同臺院令史出身，行臺、行院降一等，俱於腹裏選用，自行踏逐遞降一等，於江南任用。」 二十九年，省判：「鞏昌等處便宜都總帥府令史人等出身，擬與各道宣慰司一體，自行踏逐者降等敘用。」 大德三年，省準：「上都留守司令史，舊以見役部令史發補，以籍居懸遠，擬於籍記部令史內選發，與六部見役令史一體轉升二品衙門令史，轉補不盡者，考滿從七品敘用。」 八年，部擬：「利用監自大德三年八月已前入役者，若充各衙門有俸令史，及本監奏差、典吏轉補，則於應得資品內選用； 由庫子、本把就升，並白身人，於雜職內通理定奪； 自用之人，本監委用。」 皇慶元年，制：「典瑞監人吏俱與七品出身。」 部議：「太府、利用等四監同。 省發者考滿與六部一體敘，其餘寺監令譯史正八品，奏差正九品。 令典瑞監、前典寶監人吏出身同大府等監，系奉旨事理。」 省議：「已除者，依舊例定奪。」 三年，省準：「章慶使司秩正二品，見役人吏，若同隨朝二品衙門，考滿除正七品，緣系徽政院所轄司屬，量擬考滿除從七品，自用者降等，如系及考部令史轉充，考滿正七品，未及考者止除從七品。 有闕須依例補，不許自用。」
On clerks qualifying for rank 7b upon review completion: in Zhiyuan 6 (1269) the province proposed that ministry clerks, interpreters, and liaisons recruited before Zhongtong 4 (1263) month 1 complete ninety months, register at rank 7b, serve one term at reduced rank 8a, then return to rank 7b. Later appointees also complete ninety months at rank 8a and remain exempt from the return-lowering rule. In year 9 the Personnel and Rites ministries proposed that all ministry clerks register at rank 7b after two reviews. Above one review, appointment is determined by verified months of service. Below one review, twenty months or more of service qualifies for rank 9a. Fifteen months or more qualifies for rank 9b; below that, clerks become document controllers and liaisons and interpreters become inspectors. When the Grand Treasury Superintendency was raised to rank 3a alongside the Six Ministries, counting prior service of personally recruited staff toward review credit was deemed improper; from the upgrade date ninety months would constitute completion, matching ministry clerk qualifications, with vacancies filled in order from registered ministry clerks. In year 11 the province ruled that Provincial Adjudication Office clerks share Six Ministry clerk qualifications; after ninety salaried months and review completion they are appointed, with vacancies filled from eligible ministry clerks in order. The province ruled that rank-3a Central Imperial Workshop clerks follow Grand Treasury clerk qualifications, appointing within rank 7b after ninety months; personally recruited staff one grade lower, with vacancies filled from eligible ministry clerks. In year 13 the province ruled that Mobile Works Ministry clerks share Six Ministry clerk qualifications. After ninety months, kheshig corps clerks share ministry clerk qualifications; vacancies are filled from registered ministry clerks. In year 20 the ministry reported that regional administration clerks and interpreters should share censorate and court staff qualifications. Regional censorate and court clerks, interpreters, and liaisons qualify after ninety months; those originally dispatched from the capital or eligible candidates rank one grade below censorate and court staff. In year 23 the province ruled that Dadu Garrison Command and Lesser Treasury clerks dispatched from the center share ministry clerk qualifications, qualifying at rank 7b after ninety months; personally recruited staff at a lower rank. In year 24 the province ruled that Central Imperial Attire Superintendency clerks dispatched from the center share Grand Treasury clerk and interpreter qualifications; personally recruited staff at a lower rank. For Astronomical Bureau clerks, the ministry ruled that centrally dispatched staff appoint within rank 7b, while personally recruited staff enter at a lower rank. The ministry proposed that after ninety months, capital-dispatched regional staff drawing metropolitan salaries qualify like censorate and court clerks; regional censorate and court staff one grade lower, all selected in the metropolitan core; personally recruited staff step down one grade and serve in Jiangnan. In year 29 the province ruled that Gongchang Grand Marshal Command clerks follow circuit Pacification Commission qualifications; personally recruited staff at a lower rank. In Dade 3 (1299) the province approved shifting Shangdu Garrison clerk recruitment from active ministry clerks to the registered rolls because of distance; they may transfer to rank-2 yamen clerks like active Six Ministry clerks, with any remainder qualifying at rank 7b upon review completion. In year 8 the ministry proposed that Utilization Superintendency staff entering before Dade 3 (1299) month 8, when filling salaried clerk posts elsewhere or transferring within the superintendency as memorial couriers or record clerks, qualify within their earned rank; those promoted from warehouse keepers and foremen, and persons without prior rank, are decided comprehensively within miscellaneous posts; locally employed staff remain under their own superintendency's assignment. In Huangqing 1 (1312) a regulation granted all Diancui Superintendency staff rank-7 entry qualifications. The ministry ruled that the Grand Treasury, Utilization, and the other four superintendencies follow the same rule. Province-dispatched staff upon review completion follow Six Ministry rules; other directorate clerks and interpreters qualify at rank 8a and memorial couriers at rank 9a. Diancui and former Dianbao Superintendency staff were ordered to share Grand Treasury superintendency qualifications by imperial decree. The province ruled that already-appointed staff follow the former precedent. In year 3 the province approved that rank-2a Zhangqing Commissariat staff would normally qualify at rank 7a like other court rank-2 offices, but as a Huizheng Court subordinate would qualify at rank 7b; locally employed staff lower; ministry clerks who completed review qualify at rank 7a, others only at rank 7b. Vacancies must be filled by rule; local self-recruitment is not permitted.
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凡吏員考滿授正八品：至元十一年，省議：「秘書監從三品，令史擬九十月出為正八品，自用者降一等，有闕諸衙門考滿典吏內補填。」 省議：「太常寺正三品，令史以九十月出為從八品，有闕於應補監令史內取用。」 省議：「少府監正四品，準軍器監令史出身，是省部發去者，三考於正八品任用，自行踏逐人員，考滿降一等。」 省議：「尚牧監正四品，省部發去令史，擬九十月出為正八品，自用者降一等，有闕於諸衙門典吏內選補。」 部擬：「河南等路宣慰司系外任從二品，與隨朝各部正三品衙門相同，準令史以九十月同部令史遷轉。 開元等路宣撫司外任正三品，令譯史比前例降一等，九十月於正八品內遷轉。」 十四年，部擬：「樞密院斷事官令史，擬以九十月出為從八品，有闕於諸衙門考滿典吏內補用。」 十六年，部擬：「樞密院斷事官今改從三品，所設人吏，若系上司發去人員，歷九十月，比省斷事官令史降等於正八品內遷除，自用者降一等，遇闕於相應人內發遣。」 二十一年，部擬：「廣西、海北海南道宣慰司令史、譯史、奏差人等，與嶺南廣西道等處按察司書吏人等一體，二十月理算一考，擬六十月同考滿。」 省準：「廣東宣慰司其地倚山瀕海，極邊煙瘴，令史議合優升，依泉州行省令譯史等，以二十月理算一考。」 二十二年，省準：「詹事院府正、家令二司，給侍宮闈，正班三品，令史即非各司自用人員，俸秩與六部同，若遇院掾史有闕，於兩司令史內選補，擬定資品出身，依樞密院所轄各衛令史出身，考滿出為正八品。 尚醞監令史，與六部令史同議，諸監令史考滿，正八品內遷用，及非省部發去者例降一等，尚醞監令史亦合一體。」 二十三年，省準：「太常寺令史，歷九十月，正八品內任用，有闕於呈準籍記人內選取。 雲南省羅羅斯宣慰司兼管軍萬戶府首領官、令史人等，依雲南行省令史例，六十月考滿，首領官受敕，例以三十月為一考。 武備寺正三品，令譯史等出身，擬先司農寺令譯史人等，依各監例，考滿出為正八品，武備寺令史亦合依例遷敘。 尚舍監令史，擬同諸寺監令史，考滿授正八品，自行用者降一等，尚舍監亦如之。 陜西四川行省順元等路軍民宣慰司，依雲南令譯史人等，六十月為滿遷轉。」 二十四年，部擬：「太史院、武備寺、光祿寺等令史，九十月正八品內遷用，自用者降一等。 太醫院系宣徽院所轄，令史人等，若系省部發去，考滿同諸監令史，擬正八品，自用者降等任用。」 二十六年，省準：「給事中兼修起居註人吏，依諸寺監令史出身例，考滿一體定奪。 侍儀司令史，依給事中兼起居註人吏遷轉。」 二十七年，省準：「延慶司令史，九十月，依已準家令、府正兩司例，由省部發者出為正八品，自用者降等敘。」 二十八年，省準：「太僕寺擬比尚乘等寺令史，以九十月出為正八品，自用者降一等。 拱衛直都指揮使司與武備寺同品，令史考滿，出為從八品，自用者降一等遷用。 蒙古等衛令史，即系在先考滿令史，合於正八品內遷敘，各衛令史有闕，由省部籍記選發者，考滿出為正八品。 樞密院所轄都元帥府、萬戶府各衛並屯田等司官吏，俱從本院定奪、遷調，見役令史，自用者考滿，合從本院定奪。 宣政院斷事官令史，與樞密院及蒙古必阇赤，由翰林院發者，以九十月為從七品，通事、令史以九十月為正八品，奏差以九十月為正九品，典吏九十月轉本府奏差，自用者降等。」 二十九年，部擬：「左右兩江宣慰司都元帥府令譯史人等，依雲南、兩廣、福建人吏，六十月為滿。 兩廣敘用譯史，除從七品，非翰林院選發，別無定奪。 令史省發，考滿正八品，奏差省發，考滿正九品，自用者降等敘。 儀鳳司令史，比同侍儀司令史，考滿為正八品，自用者降一等。 哈迷為頭只哈赤八剌哈孫達魯花赤令史，吏部議，與阿速拔都兒達魯花赤必阇赤考滿正八品任用，雖必阇赤、令史月俸不同，各官隨朝近侍一體，比依例出身相應。」 三十年，省準：「孛可孫系正三品，令譯史人等，比依各寺監令譯史出身相應。 都水監從三品，令譯史等依寺監令史一體出身，考滿正八品敘，自用者降等。 只兒哈忽昔寶赤八剌哈孫達魯花赤本處隨朝正三品，與只哈赤八剌哈孫達魯花赤令史等即系一體，擬合依例，考滿出為正八品。」 元貞元年，省準：「闌遺監令譯史人等，省部發去者，考滿正八品內任用，自行踏逐者降等。 家令司、府正司改內宰、宮正，其人吏依元定為當。 拱衛直都指揮使司升為正三品，其令譯史等俸，俱與光祿寺相同，擬系相應人內發補者考滿與正八品，奏差正九，自用者降等敘。」 大德三年，部議：「鷹坊總管府人吏，依隨朝三品，考滿正八品內遷用。」 五年，部擬：「和林宣慰司都元帥府人吏，合與隨朝二品衙門一體，及量減月日。」 部議：「各道宣慰司令史，一百二十月正八品敘，自用者降等遷用。 其和林宣慰司無應取司屬，又系酷寒之地，人吏已蒙都省從優以九十月為滿，今擬考滿，不分自用，俱於正八品內遷用。」 八年，部言：「行都水監準設人吏，令史八人，奏差六人，壕寨一十人，通事、知印各一人，譯史一人，公使人二十人。 都水監令譯史、通事、知印考滿，俱於正八品遷用，奏差考滿，正九品，自用者降等，壕寨出身並俸給同奏差。 行都水監系江南創立衙門，令史比例，合於行省所轄常調提控案牘內選取，奏差、壕寨人等亦須選相應人，考滿比都水監人吏降等江南遷用，典吏公使人，從本監自用。」 九年，部言：「尚乘寺援武備寺、大府、章佩等監例，求升加其人吏出身俸給。 議得，各監人吏皆系奉旨升加，尚乘寺人吏合依已擬。」 至大三年，部言：「和林系邊遠酷寒之地，兵馬司司吏歷一考余，轉本路總管府司吏。 補不盡者，六十月升都目。 總管府吏，再歷一考，轉青海宣慰司令史，考滿除正八品，不系本路司吏轉補者，降等敘，補不盡者，六十月，部劄提控案牘內任用，蒙古必赤比上例定奪。」 部議：「晉王位下斷事官正三品，除怯裏馬赤、知印例從長官所保，蒙古必劄赤翰林院發，令史以內史府考滿典吏並籍記寺監令史發補，九十月除正八品，與職官相參用。 奏差亦須選相應人，九十月依例遷用，自用者，考滿本衙門定奪。」 皇慶元年，部言：「衛率府勾當人員，令都省與常選出身。 議得，令史系軍司勾當之人，未有轉受民職定奪，合自奏準日為格，系皇慶元年二月九日以前者，同典牧監一體遷敘，以後者若系籍記寺監令史，常選提控案牘補充，依上銓除，自用者不入常調。」 部議：「徽政院繕珍司見役令史，若系籍記寺監令史、常調提控案牘、院兩考之上典吏補充，內宰司令史例，考滿除正八，通事、譯史、知印亦依上遷敘，自用者降等。 後有闕，須依例發補，違例補充，別無定奪。」 二年，部議：「徽政院延福司見役令史，若系籍記寺監令史、常調提控案牘、本院兩考之上典吏補充者，依內宰司令史例，考滿除正八品，通事、譯史、知印依上遷敘，自用者降等。 後有闕，須依例發補，不許自用。」 延祐三年，省準：「徽政院所轄衛候司，奉旨升正三品，與拱衛直都指揮使司同品，合設令譯史，考滿除正八，自用者降等。 衛候司就用前衛候司人吏，擬自呈準月日理算，考滿同自用遷敘，後有闕，以相應人補，考滿依例敘。 徽政院掌飲司人吏，部議常選發補令譯史，考滿從八，奏差從九，自用者降等，後有闕須以相應人補，違例補充，考滿本衙門用。」 四年，省準：「屯儲總管萬戶府司吏譯史出身，至大二年尚書省劄，和林路司吏未定出身，和林系邊遠酷寒去處，兵馬司司吏如歷一考之上，轉補本路司吏並總管府司吏，再歷一考之上，轉補青海宣慰司令史，考滿正八品遷除，補不盡人數，從優，擬六十月於部劄提控案牘內任用，蒙古必阇赤比依上例定奪。 其沙州ˇ瓜州立屯儲總管萬戶府衙門，即系邊遠酷寒地面，依和林路總管府司吏人員一體出身。」
On clerks qualifying for rank 8a upon review completion: in Zhiyuan 11 (1274) the province proposed that rank-3b Secretariat Superintendency clerks exit at rank 8a after ninety months; locally employed staff one grade lower; vacancies filled from reviewed record clerks. The province ruled that rank-3a Court of Imperial Sacrifices clerks exit at rank 8b after ninety months, with vacancies filled from eligible superintendency clerks. The province ruled that rank-4a Lesser Treasury clerks follow Armaments Superintendency qualifications: centrally dispatched staff appoint within rank 8a after three reviews; personally recruited staff one grade lower upon completion. The province ruled that rank-4a Imperial Herds clerks dispatched from the center exit at rank 8a after ninety months; locally employed staff one grade lower; vacancies filled from record clerks. The ministry proposed that Henan and other circuit Pacification Commissions, external rank 2b and equivalent to court rank-3 ministries, transfer clerks after ninety months like ministry clerks. Kaiyuan and other circuit Pacification Commissariats, external rank 3a, transfer clerks and interpreters within rank 8a after ninety months, one grade below the prior precedent. In year 14 the ministry proposed that Military Council Adjudication Office clerks exit at rank 8b after ninety months, with vacancies filled from reviewed record clerks. In year 16 the ministry proposed that rank-3b Military Council Adjudication Office staff dispatched from superiors qualify within rank 8a after ninety months, one grade below provincial adjudication clerks; locally employed staff one grade lower; vacancies filled from qualified candidates. In year 21 the ministry proposed that Guangxi, Haibei, and Hainan Pacification Commission clerks, interpreters, and memorial couriers follow Lingnan-Guangxi Surveillance Commission scribes: twenty months per review, sixty months equivalent to completion. The province approved preferential treatment for Guangdong Pacification Commission clerks in that malarial frontier region, following Quanzhou regional administration staff with twenty months per review. In year 22 the province approved that Heir Apparent Household Administration and Chamberlain bureaus, rank-3 inner-palace offices whose clerks are not self-employed and draw Six Ministry salaries, fill household clerk vacancies from the two bureaus' clerks with Military Council guard clerk qualifications, exiting at rank 8a upon review completion. Imperial Brewery Superintendency clerks follow the same rule as Six Ministry clerks: superintendency clerks appoint within rank 8a upon review completion, with non-centrally dispatched staff one grade lower; the Imperial Brewery follows likewise. In year 23 the province approved Court of Imperial Sacrifices clerk appointment within rank 8a after ninety months, with vacancies filled from the approved registry. Luoluo Pacification Commission and Military Ten-thousand Household chief officers and clerks in Yunnan follow Yunnan regional administration precedent: sixty months to completion; edict-bearing chief officers count thirty months per review. Rank-3a Armaments Temple clerks and interpreters follow former Agriculture Temple superintendency precedent, exiting at rank 8a upon review completion; Armaments Temple clerks likewise. Imperial Lodging Superintendency clerks follow other directorate clerks, qualifying at rank 8a upon review completion; self-employed staff one grade lower. Shaanxi-Sichuan regional Shunyuan and other Military-Civilian Pacification Commissions follow Yunnan clerk and interpreter rules with sixty months to completion. In year 24 the ministry proposed that Astronomical Bureau, Armaments Temple, and Court of Imperial Entertainments clerks appoint within rank 8a after ninety months; locally employed staff one grade lower. Imperial Medical Academy clerks under the Xuanhui Court, if centrally dispatched, follow superintendency clerk rules and qualify at rank 8a upon review completion; locally employed staff at a lower rank. In year 26 the province approved unified review-completion rules for Censor-in-Attendance and Daily Record compiler staff following superintendency clerk precedent. Ceremonial Office clerks follow Censor-in-Attendance and Daily Record compiler transfer rules. In year 27 the province approved that Yanqing Office clerks after ninety months follow Chamberlain and Household Administration precedents: centrally dispatched staff exit at rank 8a; locally employed staff at a lower rank. In year 28 the province approved that Imperial Stud clerks follow Imperial Mounts and comparable temple clerks, exiting at rank 8a after ninety months; locally employed staff one grade lower. Palace Guard Direct Command clerks, equal in rank to the Armaments Temple, exit at rank 8b upon review completion; locally employed staff one grade lower. Mongol and other guard clerks are prior review-completed clerks who should enter within rank 8a; guard clerk vacancies filled from the provincial registry qualify at rank 8a upon review completion. Military Council Grand Marshal commands, guard units, and garrison-farming offices are all assigned and transferred by the Council; active locally employed clerks upon review completion are decided by the Council. Xuanzheng Court Adjudication clerks and Hanlin-dispatched Military Council and Mongol bitchi qualify at rank 7b after ninety months; liaisons and clerks at rank 8a; memorial couriers at rank 9a; record clerks transfer to court memorial couriers after ninety months; locally employed staff at a lower rank. In year 29 the ministry proposed that Left and Right River Pacification Grand Marshal clerks and interpreters follow Yunnan, Two Guangs, and Fujian staff with sixty months to completion. Two Guangs interpreters appoint except at rank 7b; non-Hanlin selections have no separate ruling. Centrally dispatched clerks qualify at rank 8a and memorial couriers at rank 9a upon review completion; locally employed staff at a lower rank. Ceremonial Phoenix Office clerks follow Ceremonial Office rules, qualifying at rank 8a upon review completion; locally employed staff one grade lower. The Personnel ministry ruled that Hami chief Jiaqachi Balakhasun darughachi clerks, like Asud Badur darughachi bitchi, qualify within rank 8a upon review completion; though salaries differ, these court-attendant offices share corresponding entry qualifications. In year 30 the province approved that rank-3a Bekosun clerks and interpreters follow various superintendency clerk and interpreter qualifications. Rank-3b Waterways Superintendency clerks and interpreters follow superintendency clerk qualifications, entering at rank 8a upon review completion; locally employed staff at a lower rank. Local rank-3a Jirhaghusi Baoshi Balakhasun darughachi and Jiaqachi Balakhasun darughachi clerks form one entity and should exit at rank 8a upon review completion per precedent. In Yuanzhen 1 (1295) the province approved that centrally dispatched Remains Recovery Superintendency clerks and interpreters appoint within rank 8a upon review completion; personally recruited staff at a lower rank. When the Chamberlain and Household Administration bureaus became the Inner Steward and Palace Chief offices, their staff remained under the original rules. When the Palace Guard Direct Command rose to rank 3a, its clerks and interpreters drew Court of Imperial Entertainments salaries; qualified appointees qualify at rank 8a and memorial couriers at rank 9a upon review completion; locally employed staff at a lower rank. In Dade 3 (1299) the ministry ruled that Falconry Chief Office staff follow court rank-3 rules and appoint within rank 8a upon review completion. In year 5 the ministry proposed that Karakorum Pacification Grand Marshal staff follow court rank-2 yamen rules with reduced service months. The ministry ruled that circuit Pacification Commission clerks enter at rank 8a after 120 months; locally employed staff at a lower rank. Karakorum Pacification, lacking subordinate sources and situated in extreme cold, had already received the capital's favor of a ninety-month completion term; all its staff would now qualify within rank 8a upon review completion regardless of local employment. In year 8 the ministry reported the Regional Waterways Superintendency establishment: eight clerks, six memorial couriers, ten trench guards, one liaison, one seal keeper, one interpreter, and twenty dispatchers. Capital Waterways Superintendency clerks, interpreters, liaisons, and seal keepers appoint within rank 8a upon review completion; memorial couriers at rank 9a; locally employed staff lower; trench guards share memorial courier qualifications and pay. The Jiangnan Regional Waterways Superintendency, a new office, should fill clerk posts from regional regular-rotation document controllers; memorial couriers and trench guards must also be qualified; upon review completion they appoint in Jiangnan one grade below capital Waterways staff; record clerks and dispatchers remain locally employed. In year 9 the ministry reported that the Imperial Mounts Temple sought raised staff qualifications and pay citing Armaments Temple, Grand Treasury, and Insignia precedents. The deliberation found that superintendency staff raises came by imperial decree; Imperial Mounts Temple staff should follow the existing proposal. In Zhida 3 (1310) the ministry reported that in remote, frigid Karakorum, Military-Horse Office scribes transfer to circuit chief administrator scribes after slightly more than one review. Any unfilled posts promote to office chief after sixty months. Chief administrator scribes transfer to Qinghai Pacification clerks after another review and qualify at rank 8a upon completion; non-local transfers enter lower; unfilled posts become ministry-appointed document controllers after sixty months; Mongol bitchi follow the same rule. The ministry ruled that the rank-3a Prince of Jin Adjudication Office fills quiremaichi and seal keepers on the chief's recommendation, Mongol bitchi from the Hanlin Academy, and clerks from reviewed Inner Secretariat record clerks and registered directorate clerks; after ninety months they qualify at rank 8a alongside officials. Memorial couriers must also be qualified; after ninety months they appoint per precedent; locally employed staff upon review completion are decided by their own office. In Huangqing 1 (1312) the ministry requested regular-selection entry qualifications for Guard Command office staff from the capital province. The deliberation held that Guard Command clerks, as military office staff without a civil-transfer rule, would follow a standard from the approval date: pre–Huangqing 1 (1312) month 2 day 9 staff like Pasturage Superintendency clerks; later appointees from registered directorate clerks or regular-selection document controllers follow the above rules; locally employed staff remain outside regular rotation. The ministry ruled that active Huizheng Court Treasures Office clerks filled from registered directorate clerks, regular-rotation document controllers, or court record clerks with two reviews follow Inner Steward clerk precedent, qualifying at rank 8a upon completion; liaisons, interpreters, and seal keepers likewise; locally employed staff lower. Future vacancies must be filled by rule; irregular appointments receive no separate ruling. In year 2 the ministry ruled that active Huizheng Court Yanfu Bureau clerks filled from registered directorate clerks, regular-rotation document controllers, or court record clerks with two reviews follow Inner Steward clerk precedent, qualifying at rank 8a upon completion; liaisons, interpreters, and seal keepers likewise; locally employed staff at a lower rank. Future vacancies must be filled by rule; local self-appointment is forbidden. In Yanyou 3 (1316) the province approved that Huizheng Court Guard Services, raised by decree to rank 3a alongside the Palace Guard Direct Command, should establish clerks and interpreters; upon review completion at rank 8a; locally employed staff at a lower rank. The Guard Service retains former Guard Service staff, counting service from the approval date; upon review they promote like locally employed staff; future vacancies go to qualified appointees who enter per precedent upon completion. Huizheng Court Provisions Bureau staff: the ministry ordered regular selection for clerks and interpreters—rank 8b upon review completion, memorial couriers rank 9b, locally employed staff lower; future vacancies must be qualified; irregular appointees remain in their own office upon completion. In year 4 the province approved Granary Storage wanhu scribe and interpreter entry: a Zhida 2 (1310) ministry order had left Karakorum scribes unfixed; in that remote, frigid circuit, Military-Horse Office scribes transfer to circuit and chief-command scribes after one review, then to Qinghai Pacification clerks after another, qualifying at rank 8a; unfilled posts become ministry document controllers after sixty months; Mongol bitchi follow the same rule. The Shazhou and Guazhou Granary Storage wanhu offices, likewise on a remote frigid frontier, share Karakorum Circuit chief administrator scribe entry qualifications.
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凡吏員考滿授正九品：至元二十年，省準：「宮籍監系隨朝從五品，令史擬九十月正九品，例革人員，驗月日定奪，自行踏逐，降一等。」 二十八年，省擬：「廉訪司所設人吏，擬選取書吏，止依按察司舊例，上名者依例貢部，下名轉補察院，貢補不盡人數，廉訪司月日為始理算，考滿者正九品敘，須令回避本司分治及元籍路分。」 部議：「察院書吏出身，除見役人三十月，轉補不盡者，九十月出為從八品。 察院書吏有闕，止於各道廉訪司書吏內選取，依上三十月轉部，九十月從八品。 如非廉訪司書吏取充者，四十五月轉部，補不盡者，九十月考滿，降一等，出為正九品。」 三十年，省準：「行臺察院書吏歷一考之上者，轉江南宣慰司令史，並內臺察院書吏，於見役人內用之。 若有用不盡人數，以九十月出為正九品。 江南有闕，依內臺察院書吏，於各道廉訪司書吏內選取，依例轉補。」 大德四年，省擬：「各道廉訪司書吏，至元二十八年七月元定出身，上名貢部，下名轉補察院書吏。 貢補不盡者，廉訪司為始理算月日，考滿正九品用。 今議廉訪司先役書吏，歷九十月依已定出身，正九品註，任回，添一資升轉。 大德元年三月七日已後充廉訪司人吏，九十月考滿，須歷提控案牘一任，於從九品內用。 通事、譯史，比依上例。 察院書吏，至元二十八年十二月元定出身，於各道廉訪司書吏內選取，三十月轉部，九十月從八品內用。 如非廉訪司書吏取充者，四十五月轉部。 補用不盡者，九十月考滿，降一等，正九品用。 今議先役書吏，九十月依已定出身遷用，任回，添一資升轉。 大德元年三月七日為始創入役者，止依舊例轉部。 行臺察院書吏，至元三十年正月元定出身，於廉訪司書吏內選取，歷一考之上，轉補江南宣慰司令史、並內臺察院書吏，用不盡者，九十月正九品，江南用。 省議先役書吏，歷俸九十月，依已定出身，任回，添一資升轉。 大德元年三月七日為始創入者，止依舊例，轉補江南宣慰司令史，北人貢內臺察院。」
On clerks qualifying at rank 9a upon review: in Zhiyuan 20 (1283) the province approved that Palace Registry Superintendency clerks reach rank 9a after ninety months; dismissed precedent staff by verified months; personally recruited staff one grade lower. In Zhiyuan 28 (1291) the province proposed Surveillance Commission staff from document clerks under old Surveillance Branch rules: top names to the ministry, lower names to the Investigation Branch; unfilled posts count from commission service and enter at rank 9a upon completion, with avoidance of sub-district and native circuit. The ministry ruled that Investigation Branch document clerks, except active staff at thirty months, enter at rank 8b after ninety months if not fully transferred. Vacant Investigation Branch clerk posts are filled only from circuit Surveillance Commission document clerks: ministry transfer after thirty months, rank 8b after ninety. Non–Surveillance Commission appointees transfer to the ministry after forty-five months; unfilled posts enter one grade lower at rank 9a after ninety months upon review completion. In Zhiyuan 30 (1293) the province approved that Regional Secretariat Investigation Branch clerks with more than one review transfer to Jiangnan Pacification and Inner Secretariat Investigation Branch posts from active staff. Any unused appointees enter at rank 9a after ninety months. Jiangnan vacancies follow Inner Secretariat Investigation Branch rules, filled from circuit Surveillance Commission document clerks by precedent. In Dade 4 (1300) the province proposed circuit Surveillance Commission document clerks under the Zhiyuan 28 month 7 entry rule: top names to the ministry, lower names to Investigation Branch clerks. Unpresented appointees count from Surveillance Commission service and enter at rank 9a upon review completion. Currently serving Surveillance Commission document clerks would register at rank 9a after ninety months under the fixed entry and advance one qualification grade upon return. Surveillance Commission staff entering after Dade 1 (1297) month 3 day 7 must complete ninety months, serve one term as document controller, and appoint within rank 9b. Liaisons and interpreters follow the same rule. Investigation Branch document clerks under the Zhiyuan 28 month 12 entry rule are chosen from circuit Surveillance Commission clerks: ministry transfer after thirty months, rank 8b after ninety. Non–Surveillance Commission appointees transfer to the ministry after forty-five months. Unfilled appointees enter one grade lower at rank 9a after ninety months upon review completion. Currently serving Investigation Branch clerks would appoint under the fixed entry after ninety months and advance one qualification grade upon return. Staff first entering on or after Dade 1 month 3 day 7 transfer to the ministry only under the old rule. Regional Secretariat Investigation Branch clerks under the Zhiyuan 30 month 1 entry rule come from Surveillance Commission clerks: after one review they transfer to Jiangnan Pacification and Inner Secretariat Investigation Branch posts; unused staff enter at rank 9a after ninety months in Jiangnan. The province proposed that currently serving Regional Secretariat Investigation Branch clerks advance one qualification grade upon return after ninety months under the fixed entry. Staff first entering on or after Dade 1 month 3 day 7 transfer to Jiangnan Pacification clerks only under the old rule; northerners are presented to the Inner Secretariat Investigation Branch.
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凡吏員考滿除錢谷官、案牘、都吏目：至元十三年，吏、禮部言：「各路司吏四十五以下，以次轉補按察司書吏。 補不盡者，歷九十月，於都目內任用； 六十月以上，於吏目內任用。」 省議：「上都、大都路司吏，難同其餘路分出身，依按察司書吏遷用。」 十四年，省準：「覆實司司吏，俱授吏部劄付，如歷九十月，擬於中州都目內遷，若不滿考及六十月，於下州吏目內任用，有闕以相應人發充。」 二十一年，省準：「諸色人匠總管府與少府監不同，又其餘相體管匠衙門人吏，俱未定擬出身，量擬比外路總管府司吏，考滿於都目內任用。」 二十二年，省準：「大都等路都轉運使司令史，與河間等路都轉運鹽使司書吏出身同。 外路總管府司吏三名，貢舉儒吏二名，貢不盡，年四十五之上，考滿都目內任用。」 二十三年，省準：「各路司吏、轉運司書吏，年四十五以上，歷俸六十月充吏目，九十月充都目，余有役過月日不用。 奏差宜從行省斟酌月日，量於錢谷官內就便銓用。」 省準：「覆實司系正五品，令史出身比交鈔提舉司司吏出身，九十月務使，六十月都監，六十月之下、四十五月之上都監添一界遷用，四十五月之下轉補運司令史。」 部擬：「京畿漕運司司吏轉補察院書吏，不盡，四十五以上，九十月依例於都目內任用。」 二十四年，部議：「各道巡行勸農官書吏，於各路總管府上名司吏內選取，考滿於提控案牘內任用，奏差從大司農司選委。」 省準：「諸司局人匠總管府令史，於都目內任用。」 二十五年，省準：「大護國仁王寺、昭應宮財用規運總管府令譯史人等，比大都路總管府正三品司吏，九十月提控案牘內任用。」 部議：「甘肅、寧夏等處巡行勸農司系邊陲遠地，人吏依甘肅行省並河西隴北道提刑按察司，以二十二月準一考，六十五月為滿。」 省準：「供膳司司吏，比覆實司司吏，九十月出身，於務使內任用。」 二十六年，省準：「巡行勸農司書吏，役過路司吏月日，三折二準算，通理九十月，於提控案牘內遷敘。 尚書省右司郎中、管領大都等路打捕民匠等戶總管令史，比依諸司局人匠總管府令史例，九十月，於都目內任用。」 省準：「諸路寶鈔都提舉司司吏，有闕於諸路轉運司、漕運司上名司吏內選取，三十月充吏目，四十五月之上、六十月之下都目，六十月已上轉提控案牘，充寺監令史者聽。 諸路寶鈔提舉司同。」 奏準：「大都路都總管府添設司吏一十名，委差五名。 司吏六十月，於提控案牘內任用，委差於近上錢谷官內委用，有闕以有根腳請俸人補充，不及考滿，不許無故替換。」 二十七年，省準：「京畿都漕運司令史，九十月充提控案牘，年四十五之上，比依都提舉萬億庫司吏，願充寺監令史者聽。」 二十九年，部擬：「大都路令史四十五以上，六十月提控案牘內任用，任回減一資升轉，四十五以下、六十月之上選舉貢部，每歲二名。 奏差六十月，酌中錢谷官內任用。」 省準：「京畿都漕運司令史，比依諸路寶鈔提舉司司吏出身例，三十月吏目，四十五月之上、六十月之下都目，六十月之上提控案牘。」 三十年，省準：「提舉八作司系正六品，司吏四十五月之上吏目，六十月之上都目。」 元貞元年，省準：「大都等路都轉運司令史，九十月提控案牘。」 大德三年，省準：「諸路寶鈔提舉司、都提舉萬億四庫司吏，九十月提控案牘內任用，如六十月之上，自願告敘者，於都目內遷除，有闕於平準行用庫攢典內挨次轉補。」 省準：「寶鈔總庫司、提舉富寧庫司俱系從五品，其司吏九十月，都目內任用。 如六十月之上，自願告敘，於吏目內遷除。 有闕須於在京五品衙門及左右巡院、大興、宛平二縣，及諸州司吏並籍記各部典吏內選。」 省準：「提舉左右八作司吏，九十月都目內任用，六十月之上，自願告敘，於吏目內遷除，有闕於在都諸倉攢典內選補。 京畿都漕運使司令史，六十月之上，於提控案牘內用，遇闕於路府諸州並在京五品等衙門上名司吏內選。 大都路司吏改為令史，六十月之上，年及四十五以下，貢部不過二名，四十五以上，六十月提控案牘內遷用，任回減資升轉。 大都路都總管府令史，依舊六十月，於提控案牘內遷敘，不須減資，有闕於府州兵馬司、左右巡院、大興、宛平二縣上名司吏內選補。」 大德五年，省準：「河東宣慰使司軍儲所司吏、譯史，九十月為滿，譯史由翰林院發補，司吏由州縣司吏取充，與各路總管府譯史、司吏一體升轉，自用譯史，別無定奪，司吏除酌中錢谷官，委差近下錢谷官。」 七年，部擬：「濟南、萊蕪等處鐵冶都提舉司及廣平、彰德等處鐵冶都提舉司秩四品，司吏九十月比散府上州例，升吏目。 蒙古必阇赤擬酌中錢谷官，奏差近下錢谷官，典吏三考，轉本司奏差。」 省準：「陜西省敘州等處諸部蠻夷宣撫司正三品，其令譯史考滿，比各路司吏人等一體遷用奏差，行省定奪。」 九年，宣慰司大同等處屯儲軍民總管萬戶府從三品，司吏、譯史、委差人等，九十月為滿，司吏除酌中錢谷官，委差近下錢谷官。 大德十年，省準：「諸路吏六十月，須歷五萬石之上倉官一界，升吏目，一考升都目，一考升中州案牘或錢谷官，通理九十月入流。 五萬石之下倉官一界，升吏目，兩考都目，一考依上升轉。 補不盡路吏，九十月升吏目，兩考升都目，依上流轉，如非州縣司吏轉補者，役過月日，別無定奪。」
On clerks qualifying for finance, document, and office-chief posts: in Zhiyuan 13 (1276) the Personnel and Rites ministries reported that circuit scribes under forty-five transfer in order to Surveillance Branch document clerks. Unfilled appointees enter office chief posts after ninety months; after above sixty months they enter record clerk posts. The province held that Shangdu and Dadu circuit scribes could not share other circuits' entry and should follow Surveillance Branch document clerk appointment. In Zhiyuan 14 (1277) the province approved Verification Office scribes on ministry orders: middle-prefecture office chiefs after ninety months; lower-prefecture record clerks if review or sixty months incomplete; vacancies filled by qualified dispatch. In Zhiyuan 21 (1284) the province approved that the Various Crafts Chief Office, unlike the Palace Workshop Directorate, and comparable craft yamens without fixed entry would match outer-circuit chief administrator scribes and enter office chiefs upon review completion. In Zhiyuan 22 (1285) the province approved that Dadu circuit Chief Transport clerks share Chief Salt Transport document clerk entry. Of three outer-circuit chief administrator scribes, two Confucian scribes are presented; unpresented staff above forty-five enter office chiefs upon review completion. In Zhiyuan 23 (1286) the province approved that circuit scribes and transport document clerks above forty-five become record clerks after sixty months and office chiefs after ninety; excess service is discarded. Memorial couriers' months should be set by the regional administration and they should be conveniently appointed within finance posts. The province approved Verification Office rank-5a clerk entry matching Paper Currency Superintendency scribes: service commissioner after ninety months, chief supervisor after sixty; forty-five to sixty months, chief supervisor plus one term; below forty-five, transport commission clerks. The ministry proposed that capital transport scribes transfer to Investigation Branch clerks; unfilled staff above forty-five enter office chiefs after ninety months per precedent. In Zhiyuan 24 (1287) the ministry ruled that itinerant agriculture-promotion document clerks come from top circuit chief administrator scribes, become document controllers upon completion, and memorial couriers are delegated by the Chief Agriculture Office. The province approved Various Bureaus Crafts Chief Office clerks within office chiefs. In Zhiyuan 25 (1288) the province approved that Great Protector King of Benevolence Temple and Zhaoying Palace Finance Regulation clerks and interpreters follow Dadu rank-3 chief administrator scribes and become document controllers after ninety months. The ministry ruled that Gansu and Ningxia itinerant agriculture-promotion offices, as frontier posts, follow Gansu regional and Hexi Longbei Surveillance Branch rules: twenty-two months per review, sixty-five months to completion. The province approved Provisions Office scribes matching Verification Office scribes for service commissioner posts after ninety months. In Zhiyuan 26 (1289) the province approved that itinerant agriculture-promotion document clerks count excess circuit scribe months at three-to-two, totaling ninety months, for document controller promotion. Right Secretariat Office and Dadu Hunting-Capture-Craft Households Chief Office clerks follow Various Bureaus Crafts Chief Office precedent and enter office chiefs after ninety months. The province approved Circuit Paper Currency Chief Superintendency vacancies filled from top transport and grain-transport scribes: record clerk after thirty months, office chief between forty-five and sixty, document controller after sixty; directorate clerk service permitted. Circuit Paper Currency Superintendencies follow likewise. By imperial approval the Dadu Chief Administrator Office gained ten scribes, five delegated. Scribes become document controllers after sixty months; delegates appoint within higher finance posts; vacancies go to salaried appointees with records; replacement before review completion requires cause. In Zhiyuan 27 (1290) the province approved Capital Chief Grain Transport clerks as document controllers after ninety months; above forty-five, following Chief Myriad Treasuries scribes, directorate clerk service permitted. In Zhiyuan 29 (1292) the ministry proposed Dadu clerks above forty-five as document controllers after sixty months, advancing with one grade reduced upon return; below forty-five with above sixty months, two presented to the ministry yearly. Memorial couriers enter mid-level finance posts after sixty months. The province approved Capital Chief Grain Transport clerks under Circuit Paper Currency scribe entry: record clerk after thirty months, office chief between forty-five and sixty, document controller after sixty. In Zhiyuan 30 (1293) the province approved rank-6a Eight Works Superintendency scribes as record clerks above forty-five months and office chiefs above sixty. In Yuanzhen 1 (1295) the province approved Dadu circuit Chief Transport clerks as document controllers after ninety months. In Dade 3 (1299) the province approved Circuit Paper Currency and Chief Myriad Treasuries Four Treasuries scribes as document controllers after ninety months; above sixty months, voluntary petitioners enter office chiefs; vacancies fill from Equalization and Circulation treasury clerks in order. The province approved rank-5b Paper Currency Chief Treasury and Prosperity-Tranquility Treasury scribes within office chiefs after ninety months. Above sixty months, voluntary petitioners enter record clerks. Vacancies must be filled from capital rank-5 yamen scribes, Left and Right Patrol Offices, Daxing and Wanping counties, prefectural scribes, and registered ministry record clerks. The province approved Left and Right Eight Works scribes within office chiefs after ninety months; above sixty months, voluntary petitioners enter record clerks; vacancies from capital granary clerks. Capital Chief Grain Transport clerks above sixty months serve as document controllers; vacancies from top scribes of circuits, prefectures, and capital rank-5 yamens. Dadu scribes became clerks: above sixty months and age forty-five or below, up to two presented yearly; above forty-five, document controllers after sixty months with reduced qualification advancement upon return. Dadu Chief Administrator clerks still become document controllers after sixty months without qualification reduction; vacancies from top prefectural Military-Horse, Patrol, Daxing, and Wanping scribes. In Dade 5 (1301) the province approved Hedong Pacification Military Stores scribes and interpreters at ninety months; interpreters from the Hanlin Academy, scribes from prefectural and county scribes, promoting like circuit chief administrator staff; local interpreters undecided; scribes in mid-level finance, delegates in lower finance. In year 7 the ministry proposed rank-4 Jinan-Laigang and Guangping-Zhangde Ironworks Chief Superintendency scribes as record clerks after ninety months under scattered-prefecture upper-prefecture precedent. Mongol bitchi to mid-level finance posts; memorial couriers to lower finance; record clerks become office memorial couriers after three reviews. The province approved rank-3a Shaanxi Xuzhou Various Tribes Barbarian Pacification clerks and interpreters, upon review completion, matching circuit scribes for memorial courier appointment at regional discretion. In year 9 Pacification Commission Datong Granary Storage wanhu offices at rank 3b completed scribes, interpreters, and delegates at ninety months; scribes in mid-level finance, delegates in lower finance. In Dade 10 (1306) the province approved that circuit scribes after sixty months must serve one term as above-fifty-thousand-shi granary official for record clerk, then office chief after one review, middle-prefecture document or finance after another—ninety months total to enter regular ranks. Below-fifty-thousand-shi granary service promotes to record clerk; two reviews to office chief; then one review as above. Unfilled circuit scribes enter record clerks after ninety months, office chiefs after two reviews, following the above path; non–prefecture-county transfers get no credit for excess service.
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凡通事、譯史考滿遷敘：至元二年，部議：「雲南行省極邊重地，令譯史等人員，擬二十月為一考，歷六十月，準考滿敘用。」 九年，省準：「省部臺院所設知印人等，所請俸給，元擬出身，俱在勾當官之上，既將勾當官升作從八品，其各部知印考滿，亦合升正八品，據例減知印除有前資人員，驗前資定奪，無前資者，各驗實歷月日，定擬遷敘。」 二十年，各道按察司奏差、通事、譯史、奏差已有定例，通事九十月考滿，擬同譯史一體遷敘。 部議：「行省、行臺、行院五品以下官員並首領官，亦合比依臺院例，一考升一等任用。 據行省人吏比同臺院人吏出身，已有定例，行院、行臺令史、譯史、通事、宣使人等，九十月滿考，元系都省臺院發及應補者，擬降臺院一等定奪。」 部擬：「甘肅行省令譯史、通事、宣使人等，量擬以六十五月遷敘，若系都省發去人員，如部議，自用者仍舊例。」 二十一年，部擬：「四川行省人吏，比甘肅行省所歷月日，一體遷除。」 二十三年，部擬：「福建、兩廣行省令譯史、通事、宣使人等，擬歷六十月同考滿，止於江南遷用，若行省咨保福建、兩廣必用人員，於資品上升一等。」 二十四年，部議：「行省、行臺、行院令史，九十月考滿，若系都省臺院發去腹裏相應人員，行省令史同臺院令史出身，行臺、行院降臺院一等，俱於腹裏遷用，自用者遞降一等，止於江南任用。」 二十七年，省議：「中書省蒙古必阇赤俱系正從五品遷除，今蒙古字教授擬比儒學教授例高一等，其必阇赤擬高省掾一等，內外諸衙門蒙古譯史，一體升等遷敘。」 二十八年，部擬：「諸路寶鈔都提舉司蒙古必阇赤，三十月吏目，四十五月都目，六十月提控案牘，役過月日，擬於巡檢內敘用。 奏差九十月，近上錢谷官，六十月，酌中錢谷官內任用。 翰林院寫聖旨必阇赤，比依都省蒙古必阇赤內管宣敕者，八月算十月遷轉正六品。」 部議：「寫聖旨必阇赤比依管宣敕蒙古必阇赤一體，亦合八折十準算月日外據出身已有定例。 崇福司令譯史、知印，省部發補者，考滿出為正七品，自用者降一等。 宣使省部發去者，考滿出為正八品，自用者降一等。 各道廉訪司通事、譯史出身，比依書吏擬合一體考滿正九。 奏差考滿，依通事、譯史降二等量擬，於省劄錢谷官並巡檢內任用。」 三十年，省準：「將作院令譯史人等，由省部選發者，考滿正七品遷敘，自用者止從本衙門定奪。 大都路蒙古必阇赤若系例後入役人員，擬六十月於巡檢內遷用，任回減一資升轉。」 大德三年，省議：「各路譯史如系翰林院選發人員，九十月考滿。 除蒙古人依準所擬外，其餘色目、漢人先歷務使一界，升提控一界，於巡檢內遷用。」 省議：「大都運司通事比依本司令史，滿考者於巡檢內任用。」 四年，省準：「雲南諸路廉訪司寸白通事、譯史出身，比依書吏出身，九十月為滿，歷巡檢一任，轉升從九品，雲南地面遷用。」 七年，宣慰司奏差，除應例補者，一百二十月考滿，依例自行保舉者降等，任回，添資定奪任用。 廉訪司通事、譯史，大德元年三月七日已後創入補者，九十月歷巡檢一任，轉從九，如書吏役九十月，充巡檢者聽，如違不準。 各路譯史，如系各道提舉學校官選發腹裏各路譯史，九十月考滿，先歷務使一界升提領，再歷一界充巡檢，三考從九，違者雖歷月日，不準。 會同館蒙古必阇赤，九十月務提領內遷用。 十年，省準：「中政院寫懿旨必阇赤，依寫聖旨必阇赤一體出身。 八番順元、海北海南宣慰司都元帥府極邊重地令譯史人等，考滿依兩廣、福建例，於江南遷用。」
On liaison and interpreter review promotion: in Zhiyuan 2 (1265) the ministry ruled that Yunnan Regional Administration frontier clerks and interpreters count twenty months per review and qualify after sixty months. In Zhiyuan 9 (1272) the province approved that provincial, ministerial, and secretariat seal keepers, originally above office staff now at rank 8b, should reach rank 8a upon review; prior qualifications verified where held, otherwise actual months. In Zhiyuan 20 (1283) circuit Surveillance Commission memorial couriers, liaisons, and interpreters had fixed rules; liaisons after ninety months would follow interpreters in unified promotion. The ministry held that regional administration, secretariat, and court officials below rank 5 and chiefs should follow secretariat and court precedent of one grade per review. Regional administration staff match secretariat and court entry under fixed rules; regional court and secretariat clerks, interpreters, liaisons, and dispatchers after ninety months from capital dispatch or qualified appointees are decided one grade below secretariat and court staff. The ministry proposed Gansu Regional Administration clerks, interpreters, liaisons, and dispatchers at sixty-five months; capital dispatch per ministry ruling; locally employed under old rules. In Zhiyuan 21 (1284) the ministry proposed Sichuan Regional Administration staff unified with Gansu Regional Administration months. In Zhiyuan 23 (1286) the ministry proposed Fujian and Two Guang regional clerks, interpreters, liaisons, and dispatchers at sixty months, appointing only in Jiangnan unless the region recommends essential staff, who rise one qualification grade. In Zhiyuan 24 (1287) the ministry ruled that regional administration, secretariat, and court clerks after ninety months from capital qualified dispatch share secretariat and court entry for administration clerks, one grade below for secretariat and court staff, all in the metropolitan core; locally employed descend one grade, Jiangnan only. In Zhiyuan 27 (1290) the province proposed Mongol bitchi within rank 5, Mongol-script professors one grade above Confucian professors, bitchi one grade above provincial clerks, and all Mongol interpreters raised one grade. In Zhiyuan 28 (1291) the ministry proposed Circuit Paper Currency Chief Superintendency Mongol bitchi as record clerk after thirty months, office chief after forty-five, document controller after sixty, excess months within patrol inspectors. Memorial couriers enter higher finance after ninety months, mid-level finance after sixty. Hanlin edict-writing bitchi, like capital Mongol bitchi managing imperial commissions, count eight months as ten for rank-6a transfer. The ministry held edict-writing bitchi match commission-managing Mongol bitchi with eight-tenths-as-ten month counting; entry otherwise fixed. Centrally dispatched Chongfu Office clerks, interpreters, and seal keepers emerge at rank 7a upon review completion; locally employed one grade lower. Centrally dispatched Chongfu dispatchers emerge at rank 8a upon review completion; locally employed one grade lower. Circuit Surveillance Commission liaison and interpreter entry should unify with document clerks at rank 9a upon review completion. Memorial couriers upon review completion appoint two grades below liaisons and interpreters within ministry finance posts and patrol inspectors. In Zhiyuan 30 (1293) the province approved centrally selected Directorate of Imperial Construction clerks and interpreters at rank 7a upon review completion; locally employed decided by their own office. Dadu Mongol bitchi entering after the precedent would appoint within patrol inspectors after sixty months with one grade reduced upon return. In Dade 3 (1299) the province ruled Hanlin-selected circuit interpreters complete review after ninety months. Except Mongols under the proposal, other category persons and Han Chinese must serve one term as service commissioner, one as document controller, then appoint within patrol inspectors. The province ruled Dadu Transport Office liaisons follow office clerks into patrol inspectors upon review completion. In year 4 the province approved Yunnan circuit Surveillance Commission Cunbai liaison and interpreter entry matching document clerks at ninety months, one patrol inspector term, then rank 9b within Yunnan. In year 7 Pacification Commission memorial couriers except precedent appointees complete review after 120 months; self-recommended staff lower; qualifications weighed upon return. Surveillance Commission liaisons and interpreters entering after Dade 1 month 3 day 7 reach rank 9b after ninety months and one patrol inspector term; document clerks at ninety months may serve as patrol inspectors; violations denied. Circuit interpreters dispatched by circuit school supervisors from metropolitan interpreters qualify after ninety months through service commissioner, chief controller, and patrol inspector terms—three reviews to rank 9b; violators denied despite months served. Mongol bitchi of the Huitong Hall, after ninety months' service as chief controller, were transferred for internal appointment. In year 10 the province approved that bitchi of the Central Political Court who drafted empress-dowager edicts should follow the same entry precedent as bitchi who drafted imperial edicts. Clerks and interpreters at the far frontier posts of the BaFan-Shunyuan and Haibei-Hainan pacification commissions and grand marshal's offices, upon completing their reviews, were to follow the Guangdong-Guangxi and Fujian precedent and receive transfer appointments in Jiangnan.
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凡官員致仕：至元二十八年，省議：「諸職官年及七十，精力衰耗，例應致仕。 今到選官員，多有年已七十或七十之上者，合令依例致仕。」 大德七年，省臣言：「內外官員年至七十者，三品以下，於應授品級，加散官一等，令致仕。」 十年，省臣言：「官員年老不堪仕宦者，於應得資品，加散官、遙授職事，令致仕。」 皇慶二年，省臣言：「蒙古、色目官員所授散官，卑於職事，擬三品以下官員，職事、散官俱升一等，令致仕。」
On officials' retirement: in Zhiyuan 28 (1291) the province ruled that all officeholders who reached seventy, their vigor failing, should retire as precedent required. Many officials now under consideration for appointment were already seventy or older and ought to be made to retire accordingly. In Dade 7 (1303) provincial ministers proposed that civil and military officials who reached seventy at rank 3 or below should receive one grade of honorary rank above their entitled rank and then retire. In year 10 provincial ministers proposed that officials too old to serve should, upon the qualifications due them, receive honorary rank and a remotely conferred substantive title before retiring. In Huangqing 2 (1313) provincial ministers proposed that for Mongol and semu officials of rank 3 or below whose honorary rank fell below their substantive rank, both titles should be raised one grade upon retirement.
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凡封贈之制：至元初，唯一二勛舊之家以特恩見褒，雖略有成法，未悉行之。 至元二十年，制：「考課雖以五事責辦管民官，為無激勸之方，徒示虛文，竟無實效。 自今每歲終考課，管民官五事備具，內外諸司官職任內各有成效者，為中考。 第一考，對官品加妻封號。 第二考，令子弟承蔭敘仕。 第三考，封贈祖父母、父母。 品格不及封贈者，量遷官品，其有政績殊異者，不次升擢，仰中書參酌舊制，出給誥命。」 至大二年，詔：「流官五品以上父母、正妻，七品以上正妻，令尚書省議行封贈之制。」 禮部集吏部、翰林國史院、集賢院、太常等官，議封贈謚號等第，制以封贈非世祖所行，其令罷之。 至治三年，省臣言：「封贈之制，本以激勸將來，比因泛請者眾，遂致中輟。」 詔從新設法議擬與行，毋致冗濫。 禮部從新分立等第：正從一品封贈三代，爵國公，勛正上柱國，從柱國母、妻並國夫人。 正從二品封贈二代，爵郡公，勛正上護軍，從護軍，母、妻並郡夫人。 正從三品封贈二代，爵郡侯，勛正上輕車都尉，從輕車都尉母、妻並郡夫人。 正從四品封贈父母，爵郡伯，勛正上騎都尉，從騎都尉，母、妻並郡君。 正五品封贈父母，爵縣子，勛驍騎尉，母、妻並縣君。 從五品封贈父母，爵縣男，勛飛騎尉，母、妻並縣君。 正從六品封贈父母，父止用散官，母、妻並恭人。 正從七品封贈父母，父止用散官，母、妻並宜人。 正從一品至五品宣授，六品至七品敕牒。 如應封贈三代者，曾祖父母一道，祖父母一道，父母一道，生者各另給降。 封贈者，一品至五品並用散官勛爵，六品七品止用散官職事，從一高。 封贈曾祖，降祖一等，祖降父一等，父母妻並與夫、子同。 父母在仕者不封，已致仕並不在仕者封之，雖在仕棄職就封者聽。 父母應封，而讓曾祖父母、祖父母者聽。 諸子應封父母，嫡母在，所生之母不得封。 嫡母亡，得並封。 若所生母未封贈者，不得先封其妻。 諸職官曾受贓，不許申請，封贈之後，但犯取受之贓，並行追奪。 其父祖元有官進一階，不在追奪之例。 父祖元有官者，隨其所帶文武官上封贈，若已是封贈之官，止於本等官上許進一階，階滿者更不在封贈之限。 〈（如子官至四品，其父祖已帶四品上階之類。）〉 或兩子當封者，從一高。 文武不同者，從所請。 婦人因其夫、子封贈，而夫、子兩有官者，從一高。 封贈曾祖母、祖母並母，生封並加太字，若已亡歿或曾祖、祖父、父在者，不加太字。 職官居喪，應封贈曾祖父母、祖父母、父母者聽。 其應受封之人，居曾祖父母、祖父母、父母、舅姑、夫喪者，服闋申請。 應封贈者，有使遠死節，有臨陳死事者，驗事特議加封。 應封妻者，止封正妻一人，如正妻已歿，繼室亦止封一人，余不在封贈之例。 婦人因夫、子得封者，不許再嫁，如不遵守，將所受宣敕追奪，斷罪離異。 父祖曾任三品以上官，亡歿，生前有勛勞，為上知遇者，子孫雖不仕，具實跡赴所在官司保結申請，驗事跡可否，量擬封贈。 無後者，許有司保結申請。 曾祖父母、祖父母、父母曾犯十惡奸盜除名等罪，及例所封妻不是以禮娶到正室，或系再醮倡優婢妾，並不許申請。 凡告請封贈者，隨朝並京官行省、行臺、宣慰司、廉訪司見任官，各於任所申請。 其餘官員，見任並已除未任，至得替日，隨其解由申請。 致仕官於所在官司申請。 正從七品至正從六品，止封一次。 升至正從五品，封贈一次。 升至正從四品，封贈一次。 升至正從三品，封贈一次。 升至正從二品，封贈一次。 升至正從一品，封贈一次。 凡封贈流官父祖曾任三品以上者，許請謚。 如立朝有大節，功勛在王室者，許加功臣之號。 至治三年，詔：「封贈之典，本以激勸忠孝，今後散官職事勛爵，依例加授，外任官員並許在任申請，其餘合行事理，仰各依舊制。」 泰定元年，詔：「犯贓官員，不得封贈，沈郁既久，宜許自新，有能滌慮改過，再歷兩任無過者，許所管上司正官從公保明，監察御史、廉訪司覆察是實，並聽依例申請。」
On the system of posthumous honors: in the early Yuan only one or two distinguished old families received special enfeoffment; though rudimentary regulations existed, they were not consistently applied. In Zhiyuan 20 (1283) a regulation noted that though merit reviews held local administrators to the five criteria, without real incentives the process produced only empty paperwork and no practical result. Henceforth, annual reviews would count as a middle examination when local administrators fulfilled all five criteria and when officials at home and abroad achieved results within their terms. After the first review, the wife would receive a title matching her husband's rank. After the second review, sons and younger relatives could enter office through inherited privilege. After the third review, grandparents and parents would receive posthumous honors. Officials whose standing fell short of enfeoffment might receive a measured rank advancement; those with exceptional service could be promoted out of turn. The Secretariat was to consult precedent and issue formal patents. In Zhida 2 (1309) an edict ordered the Ministry of Works to deliberate and implement posthumous honors for the parents and principal wives of regular officials of rank 5 and above, and for the principal wives of rank-7 officials and above. The Ministry of Rites convened the Ministry of Personnel, the Hanlin Academy and National History Institute, the Academy of Scholarly Worthies, the Grand Music Directorate, and others to set grades for posthumous honors and epithets—but a regulation held that Emperor Shizu had never instituted such enfeoffment, and ordered the practice abolished. In Zhizhi 3 (1323) provincial ministers noted that posthumous honors were meant to encourage future service, but widespread petitions had caused the practice to lapse midway. An edict ordered fresh regulations drafted and enforced, with care taken to prevent abuse and redundancy. The Ministry of Rites set new grades: ranks 1a and 1b could enfeoff three generations as State Duke, with the Primary Senior or Secondary Chief Pillar of State as honorary title; mother and wife both received the title State Lady. Ranks 2a and 2b could enfeoff two generations as Commandery Duke, with the Primary Senior or Secondary Guardian General as honorary title; mother and wife both received the title Commandery Lady. Ranks 3a and 3b could enfeoff two generations as Commandery Marquis, with the Primary Senior or Secondary Charioteer Commandant as honorary title; mother and wife both received the title Commandery Lady. Ranks 4a and 4b could enfeoff parents as Commandery Earl, with the Primary Senior or Secondary Cavalry Commandant as honorary title; mother and wife both received the title Commandery Lady of Lower Grade. Rank 5a could enfeoff parents as County Viscount, with the Valiant Cavalry Commandant as honorary title; mother and wife both received the title County Lady of Lower Grade. Rank 5b could enfeoff parents as County Baron, with the Flying Cavalry Commandant as honorary title; mother and wife both received the title County Lady of Lower Grade. Ranks 6a and 6b could enfeoff parents, but the father received only an honorary rank; mother and wife both received the title Lady of Respect. Ranks 7a and 7b could enfeoff parents, but the father received only an honorary rank; mother and wife both received the title Lady of Propriety. Ranks 1a through 5b received formal imperial patents; ranks 6 through 7 received decree documents. Those entitled to enfeoff three generations received one patent each for great-grandparents, grandparents, and parents; living recipients each received a separate patent at a reduced rank. For ranks 1 through 5, enfeoffment used both honorary rank and merit titles; for ranks 6 and 7, only honorary rank and substantive office applied, following whichever was higher. A great-grandfather was enfeoffed one grade below the grandfather, and the grandfather one grade below the father; parents and wife received the same honors as the husband or son. Parents still holding office were not enfeoffed; those retired or never in office were; and even parents still in office could abandon their posts to accept enfeoffment if they wished. If parents were eligible for enfeoffment but an applicant chose instead to honor great-grandparents or grandparents, that was permitted. When sons enfeoffed their parents, if the principal mother was still living, the birth mother could not be enfeoffed. If the principal mother had died, both mothers could be enfeoffed. If the birth mother had not yet received posthumous honors, the wife could not be enfeoffed first. Officials who had once taken bribes could not apply; and if after enfeoffment they committed bribery, the honors were fully revoked. Fathers and grandfathers who had originally held office with one rank of advancement were not subject to revocation. If father or grandfather had originally held office, enfeoffment followed the civil or military rank they had borne; if already enfeoffed, only one further rank was permitted at that grade, and those at the maximum rank were no longer eligible. (if the son reached rank 4, his father and grandfather might already bear upper-grade rank 4, and the like.) If two sons were both eligible to enfeoff, the higher rank prevailed. If civil and military ranks differed, the applicant's request prevailed. Women enfeoffed through husband or son followed the higher rank when both husband and son held office. When enfeoffing a great-grandmother, grandmother, or mother while she was still living, the prefix "Grand" was added; if she was already deceased, or if the great-grandfather, grandfather, or father still lived, it was not. Officeholders in mourning were permitted to enfeoff great-grandparents, grandparents, or parents when eligible. Those eligible to receive enfeoffment but in mourning for great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, parents-in-law, or a husband had to wait until mourning ended before applying. Those eligible for enfeoffment who died maintaining integrity on distant missions or fell in battle were investigated and considered for enhanced honors. Only one principal wife could be enfeoffed; if she had died, only one successor wife could be enfeoffed. Others were not eligible. Women enfeoffed through husband or son were forbidden to remarry; violators had their patents revoked and were sentenced to divorce. If a father or grandfather who had once held rank 3 or above died after meritorious service and imperial favor, descendants who did not hold office could submit verified records to local authorities for certification; the facts would be investigated and enfeoffment measured accordingly. Those without descendants were permitted to have officials certify and apply on their behalf. Applications were barred when great-grandparents, grandparents, or parents had committed the Ten Abominations, adultery, theft, or dismissal; or when the wife to be enfeoffed was not a principal wife properly married by ritual, or was a remarried woman, actress, concubine, or maid. All who petitioned for enfeoffment—court-attending and capital officials, and incumbents of branch secretariats, branch censorates, pacification commissions, and surveillance commissions—applied at their posts. Other officials, whether incumbent or appointed but not yet serving, applied with their discharge documents upon the day of replacement. Retired officials applied at the local office where they resided. From ranks 7 through 6, enfeoffment was permitted only once. Upon promotion to rank 5, one further enfeoffment was permitted. Upon promotion to rank 4, one further enfeoffment was permitted. Upon promotion to rank 3, one further enfeoffment was permitted. Upon promotion to rank 2, one further enfeoffment was permitted. Upon promotion to rank 1, one further enfeoffment was permitted. Regular officials enfeoffing a father or grandfather who had once held rank 3 or above were permitted to request a posthumous epithet. Those who had shown great integrity at court and rendered merit to the royal house were permitted to receive the title of meritorious minister. In Zhizhi 3 (1323) an edict declared that posthumous honors were meant to encourage loyalty and filial piety; henceforth honorary rank, substantive office, and merit titles were to be conferred according to precedent; officials serving outside the capital could apply while in office; and all other matters were to follow established regulations. In Taiding 1 (1324) an edict held that officials who had taken bribes could not receive enfeoffment, but after long disgrace they should be allowed to reform; those who truly amended their conduct and completed two terms without fault could have their supervising chief certify them impartially, with surveillance censors and surveillance commissions verifying the facts, and then apply under the usual rules.