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兵四○站赤
Military 4 ○ Relay Stations
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元制站赤者，驛傳之譯名也。 蓋以通達邊情，布宣號令，古人所謂置郵而傳命，未有重於此者焉。 凡站，陸則以馬以牛，或以驢，或以車，而水則以舟。 其給驛傳璽書，謂之鋪馬聖旨。 遇軍務之急，則又以金字圓符為信，銀字者次之； 內則掌之天府，外則國人之為長官者主之。 其官有驛令，有提領，又置脫脫禾孫於關會之地，以司辨詰，皆總之於通政院及中書兵部。 而站戶闕乏逃亡，則又以時簽補，且加賑恤焉。 於是四方往來之使，止則有館舍，頓則有供帳，饑渴則有飲食，而梯航畢達，海宇會同，元之天下，視前代所以為極盛也。 今故著其驛政之大者，然後紀各省水陸凡若干站，而遼東狗站，亦因以附見云。
In Yuan usage, jamči is the term adopted for the courier relay network. Its purpose was to carry frontier intelligence and spread imperial orders—what antiquity called setting up posts to relay commands—and nothing in statecraft weighed more heavily. Overland relays used horses, oxen, donkeys, or carts; water relays used boats. Sealed documents issued for the relay network were called relay-horse imperial edicts. In urgent military cases, gold-inscribed round tokens served as credentials, with silver-inscribed tokens ranking next; Within the capital they were held in the Imperial Treasury; in the provinces Mongol officials in chief posts controlled them. There were relay commissioners and superintendents, and todoqsons at major passes to examine travelers, all under the Ministry of Communications and the Secretariat Military Department. Shortfalls and flight among station households were met with periodic conscription to fill gaps, together with relief measures. Envoys from every direction could rest in hostels, draw provisions at halts, and find food and drink when needed; by land and sea routes alike the empire was knit together, and the Yuan domain was seen as surpassing all earlier dynasties in this respect. Here the principal features of relay policy are recorded, followed by the number of land and water stations in each province, with the Liaodong dog-sled relays noted as well.
3
太宗元年十一月，敕：「諸牛鋪馬站，每一百戶置漢車一十具。 各站俱置米倉，站戶每年一牌內納米一石，令百戶一人掌之。 北使臣每日支肉一斤、面一斤、米一升、酒一瓶。」
Eleventh month, year 1 of Taizong (Ögedei): "At every ox- and horse-relay station, each group of one hundred households shall maintain ten Chinese-style carts. Each station was to maintain a grain depot; station households paid one shi of grain per year per register plate, managed by one man per hundred households. Envoys from the north were allotted daily one jin of meat, one jin of flour, one sheng of grain, and one bottle of wine."
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四年五月，諭隨路官員並站赤人等：「使臣無牌面文字，始給馬之驛官及元差官，皆罪之。 有文字牌面，而不給驛馬者，亦論罪。 若系軍情急速，及送納顏色、絲線、酒食、米粟、段匹、鷹隼，但系御用諸物，雖無牌面文字，亦驗數應付車牛。」
Fifth month, year 4: route officials and jamči staff were told: "If an envoy has no written credential on his tablet, both the relay officer who first issued horses and the original dispatching officer are liable. If a written tablet is presented but relay horses are refused, that too is punishable. For urgent military business or delivery of dyes, silk, provisions, grain, fabrics, falcons, or other imperial goods, horses and carts were to be furnished on count even without written tablets."
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世祖中統四年三月，中書省定議乘坐驛馬，長行馬使臣、從人及下文字曳剌、解子人等分例。 乘驛使臣換馬處，正使臣支粥食、解渴酒，從人支粥。 宿頓處，正使臣白米一升，面一斤，酒一升，油鹽雜支鈔一十文，冬月一行日支炭五斤，十月一日為始，正月三十日終住支； 從人白米一升，面一斤。 長行馬使臣賫聖旨、令旨及省部文字，幹當官事者，其一二居長人員，支宿頓分例，次人與粥飯，仍支給馬一匹、草一十二斤、料五升，十月為始，至三月三十日終止，白米一升，面一斤，油鹽雜用鈔一十文。 投呈公文曳剌、解字，依部擬宿頓處批支。 五月，雲州設站戶，取迤南州城站戶籍內，選堪中上戶應當。 馬站戶，馬一匹，牛站戶，牛二雙，於各戶選堪當站役之人，不問親軀，每戶取二丁，及家屬於立站去處安置。
Third month, Zhongtong 4 (1263): the Secretariat set graded allowances for relay travelers—long-route envoys, attendants, and document-bearing clerks and runners. At horse-change stations the lead envoy received porridge and restorative wine; attendants received porridge. At overnight stops the lead envoy received one sheng of rice, one jin of flour, one sheng of wine, ten cash in paper notes for oil, salt, and incidentals, and five jin of charcoal per travel day in winter from the first of the tenth month through the thirtieth of the first month; Attendants received one sheng of rice and one jin of flour. Long-route envoys carrying imperial edicts, orders, or central documents: the one or two senior members drew full overnight rations; juniors got porridge and meals plus one horse, twelve jin of hay, and five sheng of feed from the tenth month to the thirtieth of the third month, with one sheng of rice, one jin of flour, and ten cash for oil and salt. Clerks submitting papers and copyists were paid overnight allowances as approved by their ministry. In the fifth month Yunzhou enrolled station households, choosing upper-middle households from southern prefectural registers. Horse stations required one horse per household; ox stations two pairs of oxen; two able men per household, with families, were relocated to the new station site regardless of kin ties.
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五年八月，詔：「站戶貧富不等，每戶限四頃，除免稅石，以供鋪馬祗應； 已上地畝，全納地稅。」
Eighth month, year 5: "Because station households varied in wealth, each was limited to four qing of land with tax grain remitted for relay service; any acreage above that limit paid the full land tax."
7
至元六年二月，詔：「各道憲司，如總管府例，每道給鋪馬劄子三道。」
Second month, Zhiyuan 6 (1269): "Each circuit surveillance commission, like a route chief's office, receives three relay-horse warrants."
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七年正月，省部官定議：「各路總管府在城驛，設官二員，於見役人員內選用； 州縣驛，設頭目二名，如見役人即是相應站戶，就令依上任事，不系站戶，則就本站馬戶內別行選用； 除脫脫禾孫依舊存設，隨路見設總站官罷之。」 十一月，立諸站都統領使司，往來使臣，令脫脫禾孫盤問。
First month, year 7: "Urban relays under route governments shall have two officers selected from active personnel; prefectural and county relays two headmen—if the incumbent is a qualified station household he remains; otherwise a horse household at that station is chosen; todoqsons were retained, but the separate route-level chief station offices were abolished. Eleventh month: the Office of the Chief Superintendent of All Stations was created, with todoqsons to examine traveling envoys.
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八年正月，中書省議：「鋪馬劄子，初用蒙古字，各處站赤未能盡識，宜繪畫馬匹數目，復以省印覆之，庶無疑惑。」 因命今後各處取給鋪馬標附文籍，其馬匹數付譯史房書寫畢，就左右司用墨印，印給馬數目，省印印訖，別行附籍發行墨印，左右司封掌。
First month, year 8: "Relay warrants in Mongol script were not universally legible at stations; they should show the horse count and bear the provincial seal to avoid dispute. Henceforth warrants were to list horse numbers in the translation office, stamped with ink seals by the Left and Right Offices, then the provincial seal, with a duplicate register held by those offices.
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九年八月，諸站都統領使司言：「朝省諸司局院，及外路諸官府應差馳驛使臣所賫劄子，從脫脫禾孫辨詰，無脫脫禾孫之處，令總管府驗之。」
Eighth month, year 9: court bureaus and local governments sending relay envoys were to have warrants checked by todoqsons, or by the route government where none were posted.
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十一年十月，命隨處站赤，直隸各路總管府，其站戶家屬，令元籍州縣管領。 十三年正月，改諸站都統領使司為通政院，命降鑄印信。
Tenth month, year 11: all jamči were placed under route governments; station families stayed registered in their home counties. First month, year 13: the chief superintendent's office became the Ministry of Communications and received a new seal.
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十七年二月，詔：「江淮諸路增置水站。 除海青使臣，及事幹軍務者，方許馳驛。 余者自濟州水站為始，並令乘船往來。」
Second month, year 17: "Water stations are to be added on the Jiang-Huai routes. Only sea-eagle envoys and military business may use the horse relays. All others, from Jizhou water station onward, must travel by boat."
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十八年閏八月，詔：「除上都、榆林迤北站赤外，隨路官錢，不須支給，驗其閑劇，量增站戶，協力自備首思當站。」
Intercalary eighth month, year 18: except jamči north of Shangdu and Yulin, route governments need not pay subsidies; station households were increased by traffic volume to supply their own shusi.
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十九年四月，詔給各處行省鋪馬聖旨，揚州行省、鄂州行省、泉州行省、隆興行省、占城行省、安西行省、四川行省、西夏行省、甘州行省，每省五道。 南方驗田糧及七十石者，準當站馬一匹。 九月，通政院臣言：「隨路站赤三五戶，共當正馬一匹，十三戶供車一輛，自備一切什物公用。 近年以來，多為諸王公主及正宮太子位下頭目識認招收，或冒入投下戶計者，遂致站赤損弊，乞換補站戶。」 從之。 十月，增給各省鋪馬聖旨，西川、京兆、泉州十道，甘州、中興各五道。
Fourth month, year 19: relay-horse imperial edicts were issued to nine branch secretariats, five per province. In the south, seventy shi of field-tax grain qualified a household to furnish one relay horse. Ninth month: the ministry reported that three to five jamči households shared one relay horse and thirteen households one cart, equipping them fully themselves. Recently many had been seized by imperial princes, princesses, or the heir apparent's household officers, or falsely enrolled as appanage dependents, ruining the stations; replacement households were requested. The request was granted. Tenth month: additional relay-horse edicts—ten each for Xichuan and Jingzhao, ten for Quanzhou, five each for Ganzhou and Zhongxing.
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二十年二月，和林宣慰司給鋪馬聖旨二道。 五月，江淮行省增給十道，都省遣使繁多，亦增二十道給之。 七月，免站戶和顧和買、一切雜泛差役，仍令自備首思。 十一月，增給甘州行省鋪馬聖旨十道，總之為二十道。 十二月，增各省及轉運司、宣慰司鋪馬聖旨三十五道：江淮行省十道，四川行省十道，安西轉運司分司二道，荊湖行省所轄湖南宣慰司三道，福建行省十道。
Second month, year 20: the Helin Pacification Commission received two relay-horse imperial edicts. Fifth month: the Jiang-Huai branch received ten more, and twenty more for frequent central envoys. Seventh month: station households were freed from corvée purchases and miscellaneous levies but still had to furnish shusi. Eleventh month: Ganzhou branch received ten more relay-horse edicts, twenty in all. Twelfth month: thirty-five more edicts—to Jiang-Huai and Sichuan branches ten each, Anxi transport sub-commission two, Hunan under Huguang three, Fujian ten.
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二十一年二月，增給各處鋪馬劄子：荊湖、占城等處本省一十道，荊湖北道宣慰司二道，所轄路分一十六處，每處二道； 山東運司二道； 河間運司七道； 宣德府三道； 江西行省五道； 福建行省所轄路分七處，每處二道； 司農司五道； 四川行省所轄順元路宣慰司三道，思州、播州兩處宣撫司各三道； 都省二十道。 四月，定增使臣分例：正使宿頓支米一升、面一斤、羊肉一斤、酒一升、柴一束、油鹽雜支增鈔二分，通作三分，經過減半。 從者每名支米一升，經過減半。 九月，給阿裏海牙所治之省鋪馬聖旨十道，所轄宣慰司二處，各三道。
Second month, year 21: more warrants—to Huguang and Zhancheng branches ten each, Huguang North Circuit two, and two per each of sixteen subordinate circuits; Shandong Transport Commission, two; Hejian Transport Commission, seven; Xuande Prefecture, three; Jiangxi Branch Secretariat, five; seven Fujian branch circuits, two each; Ministry of Agriculture, five; Shunyuan under Sichuan three, Xun and Bo pacification commissions three each; the central government, twenty. Fourth month: overnight rations for the lead envoy were set at one sheng of grain, one jin each of flour and mutton, one sheng of wine, one bundle of fuel, and three cash total for incidentals, halved en route. Each attendant received one sheng of grain, halved when passing through. Ninth month: Alihaiya's province received ten relay-horse edicts and its two pacification commissions three each.
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二十二年四月，給陜西行省並各處宣慰司、行工部等處鋪馬劄子一百二十六道。
Fourth month, year 22: Shaanxi branch, pacification commissions, Works Department, and others received 126 relay-horse warrants.
18
二十三年四月，福建、東京兩行省各給圓牌二面。 奧魯赤出使交趾，先給圓牌二面，今再增二面，於脫歡太子位下給發。 南京行省起馬三十匹，給圓牌二面。 創立三處宣慰司，給劄子起馬三十匹。
Fourth month, year 23: Fujian and Dongjing branches each received two round tokens. Aoluchi's mission to Jiaozhi had two round tokens; two more were added, issued from Prince Togon's establishment. The Nanjing branch, raising thirty horses, received two round tokens. Three new pacification commissions each received warrants for thirty horses.
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二十四年四月，增給尚書省鋪馬聖旨一百五十道，並先給降一百五十道，共三百道。 五月，揚州省言：「徐州至揚州水馬站，兩各分置，夏月水潦，使臣勞苦。 請徙馬站附並水站一處安置，馳驛者白日馬行，夜則經由水路，況站戶皆是水濱居止者，庶幾官民兩便。」 從之。 七月，給中興路、陜西行省、廣東宣慰司、沙不丁等官鋪馬聖旨一十三道。
Fourth month, year 24: the Secretariat received 150 more relay-horse edicts, 300 with those already issued. Fifth month: Yangzhou branch said that from Xuzhou to Yangzhou separate horse and water stations made summer floods arduous for envoys. They asked to merge horse stations with water stations so envoys could ride by day and sail by night, benefiting both government and households on the waterfront. Approved. Seventh month: Zhongxing circuit, Shaanxi branch, Guangdong pacification commission, and Shabuding's office received thirteen relay-horse edicts.
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二十五年正月，腹裏路分三十八處，年銷祗應錢不敷，增給鈔三千九百八十一錠，並元額七千一百六十九錠，總中統鈔一萬一千一百五十錠，分上下半年給降。 二月，命南方站戶，以糧七十石出馬一匹為則，或十石之下八九戶共之，或二三十石之上兩三戶共之，惟求稅糧僅足當站之數，不至多余，卻免其一切雜泛差役。 若有納糧百石之下、七十石之上，自請獨當站馬一匹者聽之。 五月，增給遼陽行省鋪馬劄子五道。 十一月，福建行省元給鋪馬聖旨二十四道，增給劄子六道。
First month, year 25: thirty-eight metropolitan circuits needed more service money—3,981 ingots added to 7,169, totaling 11,150 Zhongtong notes in semiannual issues. Second month: southern station households were to supply one horse per seventy shi of grain, with smaller groups pooling below ten shi and larger households sharing above twenty or thirty shi, exempt from miscellaneous levies if quotas were met. Households paying between seventy and one hundred shi could volunteer to supply a horse alone. Fifth month: Liaoyang branch received five more relay-horse warrants. Eleventh month: Fujian branch, which had twenty-four relay-horse edicts, received six more warrants.
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二十六年正月，給光祿寺鋪馬劄子四道。 二月，從沿海鎮守官蔡澤言，以舊有水軍二千人，於海道置立水站。 三月，給海道運糧萬戶府鋪馬聖旨五道。 四月，四川紹慶路給鋪馬劄子二道，成都府六道。 龍興行省增給鋪馬聖旨五道，太原府宣慰司及儲峙提舉司給降二道。 八月，給遼東宣慰司鋪馬聖旨五道，大理、金齒宣慰司四道。 九月，增給西京宣慰司鋪馬劄子五道，江淮行省所轄浙東道宣慰司三道，紹興路總管府給降二道，甘肅行省所轄亦集乃總管府、沙州、肅州三路給六道。 十一月，增給甘肅行省鋪馬聖旨七道。
First month, year 26: the Imperial Household Directorate received four relay-horse warrants. Second month: on Cai Ze's advice, two thousand former naval troops were assigned to sea-route water stations. Third month: the sea-route grain transport office received five relay-horse edicts. Fourth month: Shaojiang circuit in Sichuan two warrants, Chengdu prefecture six. Longxing branch five more relay-horse edicts; Taiyuan pacification commission and storage office two each. Eighth month: Liaodong pacification commission five relay-horse edicts; Dali and Jinchi four. Ninth month: Xijing pacification five warrants; Zhedong under Jiang-Huai three; Shaoxing two; under Gansu branch Yijinai, Shazhou, and Suzhou six. Eleventh month: Gansu branch seven more relay-horse edicts.
22
二十七年正月，增給陜西行省鋪馬聖旨五道。 二月，都省增給鋪馬聖旨一百五十道，江淮行省一十五道。 六月，給營田提舉司鋪馬聖旨二道。 九月，江淮行省所轄徽州路水道不通，給鋪馬聖旨二道。
First month, year 27: Shaanxi branch five more relay-horse edicts. Second month: the central government 150 more relay-horse edicts; Jiang-Huai branch fifteen. Sixth month: Military Farms Office two relay-horse edicts. Ninth month: Huizhou under Jiang-Huai, where waterways were blocked, received two relay-horse edicts.
23
二十八年六月，隨處設站官二員，大都至上都置司吏三名，余設二名，祗應頭目、攢典各一名。 站戶及百者，設百戶一名。 七月，詔各路府州縣達魯花赤長官，依軍戶例，兼管站赤奧魯，非奉通政院明文，不得擅科差役。 十二月，增給省除之任官鋪馬聖旨三百五十道。
Sixth month, year 28: two station officers were appointed everywhere—three clerks on the Dadu–Shangdu route, two elsewhere—plus one supply headman and one registry clerk. Where households reached one hundred, a centurion headman was appointed. Seventh month: local darughachi chiefs were to oversee jamči households as with military households and could not levy duties without ministry authorization. Twelfth month: 350 relay-horse edicts for centrally appointed officials.
24
二十九年三月，命通政院分官四員，於江南四省整理站赤，給印與之。
Third month, year 29: four ministry officials with seals were sent to reorganize jamči in the four southern provinces.
25
三十年正月，南丹州洞蠻來朝，立安撫司於其地，給鋪馬聖旨二道。 三月，兩淮都轉運鹽使司增給鋪馬聖旨起馬五匹。 五月，給淘金運司鋪馬聖旨起馬五匹，大司農司起馬二十匹。 六月，江浙行省言：「各路遞運站船，若止以六戶供船一艘，除苗不過十四五石，力寡不能當役。 請令各路除苗不過元額二十四石，自六戶之上，或至十戶，通融簽撥。」 從之。 八月，給劉二拔都兒圓牌三面，鋪馬聖旨一十五道。 十月，增給濟南府鹽運司鋪馬聖旨一道。
First month, year 30: Nandan cave tribes presented tribute; a pacification commission was set up there with two relay-horse edicts. Third month: Huai-Yang Salt Transport Commission received relay-horse edicts for five horses. Fifth month: Gold-washing Transport Office five horses; Grand Secretariat twenty. Sixth month: Jiang-Zhe branch reported that six households per transport boat, with tax grain of only fourteen or fifteen shi, could not sustain the burden. They asked that seed-grain deductions be capped at the original twenty-four shi per quota and that six to ten households be flexibly enrolled to share the burden. Approved. Eighth month: Liu Erbaduer received three round tokens and fifteen relay-horse edicts. Tenth month: Jinan Salt Transport Commission received one additional relay-horse edict.
26
三十一年六月，給福建運司鋪馬聖旨起馬五匹。
Sixth month, year 31: Fujian Transport Commission received relay-horse edicts for five horses.
27
成宗大德八年正月，御史臺臣言：「各處站赤合用祗應官錢，多不依時撥降，又或數少不給，遂令站戶輪當庫子，陪備應辦。 莫若驗使臣起數，實支官錢，所在官司，依時撥降，令各站提領收掌祗待，毋得科配小民，似為便益。」 詔都省定議行之。
First month, Dade 8 (1304): the censorate reported that service funds for jamči were often late or short, forcing station households to rotate as depot clerks and pay out of pocket. They proposed paying official funds based on actual envoy traffic, disbursed on time to station superintendents for hospitality, without levies on commoners. The central government was ordered to set rules and carry them out.
28
十年，從江浙省言，命站官仍領祗待，選站戶之有餘糧者，以充庫子，止設一名，上下半年更代，就準本戶里正、主首身役。
Year 10: on Jiang-Zhe's advice, station officers again managed hospitality; one surplus-grain household per station served as depot clerk on six-month rotation, counting as its headman duties.
29
武宗至大三年五月，給嘉興、松江、瑞州三路及汴梁等處管民總管府鋪馬聖旨各三道。
Fifth month, Zhidu 3 (1310): Jiaxing, Songjiang, Ruizhou, and Bianliang civilian chief commissions each received three relay-horse edicts.
30
四年三月，詔拘收各衙門鋪馬聖旨，命中書省定議以聞。 省臣言：「始者站赤隸兵站，後屬通政院，今通政院怠於整治，站赤消乏，合依舊命兵部領之。」 制可。 四月，中書省臣又言：「昨奉旨以站赤屬兵部，今右丞相鐵木叠兒等議，漢地之驛，命兵部領之，其鐵烈幹、納鄰、末鄰等處蒙古站赤，仍付通政院。」 帝曰：「何必如此，但令罷通政院，悉隸兵部可也。」 閏七月，復立通政院，領蒙古站赤。 八月，詔：「大都至上都，每站除設驛令、丞外，設提領三員、司吏三名。 腹裏路分，沖要水陸站赤，設提領二員、司吏二名。 其餘閑慢驛分，止設提領一員、司吏一名。 如無驛令，量擬提領二員。 每一百戶，設百戶一名，從拘該路府州縣提調正官，於站戶內選用，三歲為滿。 凡濫設官吏頭目人等，盡罷之。」 十一月，給中政院鋪馬聖旨二十道。
Third month, year 4: relay-horse edicts in every office were to be confiscated pending Secretariat review. The Secretariat said jamči had passed from military stations to the Ministry of Communications, which now neglected them; control should revert to the Military Department. Approved. Fourth month: Temür Ochir proposed Han relays under the Military Department but Mongol jamči in the northern circuits under the Ministry of Communications. The emperor replied: "Why split them? Abolish the ministry and put everything under the Military Department." Intercalary seventh month: the Ministry of Communications was restored for Mongol jamči. Eighth month: on the Dadu–Shangdu route each station was to have commissioners and assistants plus three superintendents and three clerks. Busy metropolitan land and water stations received two superintendents and two clerks. Quieter stations had only one superintendent and one clerk. Stations without commissioners were to have two superintendents pro tempore. Every hundred households had a centurion chosen from station households for three-year terms under local chiefs. Redundant officials and headmen were abolished. Eleventh month: the Central Political Office received twenty relay-horse edicts.
31
仁宗皇慶二年四月，增給陜西行臺鋪馬聖旨八道。
Fourth month, Huangqing 2 (1313): Shaanxi Branch Censorate eight more relay-horse edicts.
32
延祐元年六月，中書省臣言：「典瑞監掌金字圓牌及鋪馬聖旨三百餘道。 至大四年，凡聖旨皆納之於翰林院，以金字圓牌不敷，增置五十面。 蓋圓牌遣使，初為軍情大事而設，不宜濫給，自今求給牌面，不經中書省、樞密院者，宜勿與。」 從之。 十月，沙、瓜州立屯儲總管萬戶府，給鋪馬聖旨六道。
Sixth month, Yanyou 1 (1314): the Secretariat noted the Imperial Insignia Office held over three hundred gold round tokens and relay-horse edicts. In Zhidu 4 all such edicts were moved to the Hanlin Academy and fifty more gold tokens were cast. Round tokens were meant for major military dispatches and should not be issued casually without Secretariat and Privy Council approval. Approved. Tenth month: Shazhou and Guazhou garrison storage office six relay-horse edicts.
33
五年十月，中書兵部言：「各站設置提領，止受部劄，行九品印，職專車馬之役，所領站赤多者三二千，少者五七百戶，比之軍民，體非輕細。 奈何俸祿不給，三年一更，貪邪得以自縱。 今擬各處館驛，除令、丞外，見役提領不許交換。」 從之。
Tenth month, year 5: the Military Department said station superintendents with ninth-rank seals commanded up to three thousand households yet received no salaries on three-year rotation, inviting corruption. Without regular pay and with constant turnover, abuse was inevitable. They proposed that incumbent superintendents not be rotated at lodging relays. Approved.
34
七年四月，詔蒙古、漢人站，依世祖舊制，悉歸之通政院。 十一月，從通政院官請，詔腹裏、江南漢地站赤，依舊制，命各路達魯花赤、總管提調，州縣官勿得預。
Fourth month, year 7: Mongol and Han stations reverted to the Ministry of Communications under Shizu's precedent. Eleventh month: metropolitan and Jiangnan Han jamči were again supervised by route darughachi and chiefs, not county officials.
35
泰定元年三月，遣官賑給怗裏幹、木憐、納憐等一百一十九站鈔二十一萬三千三百錠，糧七萬六千二百四十四石八斗。 北方站赤，每加津濟，至此為最盛。
Third month, Taiding 1 (1324): relief of 213,300 ingots and 76,244 shi 8 dou of grain went to 119 northern stations including Tielieghan, Mulin, and Nalin. Northern jamči, repeatedly subsidized, were never better supplied than at this time.
36
中書省所轄腹裏各路站赤，總計一百九十八處：
Metropolitan jamči under the Secretariat totaled 198 locations:
37
陸站一百七十五處，馬一萬二千二百九十八匹，車一千六十九輛，牛一千九百八十二隻，驢四千九百八頭。 水站二十一處，船九百五十隻，馬二百六十六匹，牛二百隻，驢三百九十四頭，羊五百口。 牛站二處，牛三百六隻，車六十輛。
175 land stations: 12,298 horses, 1,069 carts, 1,982 oxen, 4,908 donkeys. 21 water stations: 950 boats, 266 horses, 200 oxen, 394 donkeys, 500 sheep. 2 ox stations: 306 oxen, 60 carts.
38
河南江北等處行中書省所轄，總計一百七十九處，該一百九十六站：
Henan–Jiangbei Branch Secretariat: 179 locations, 196 stations:
39
陸站一百六處，馬三千九百二十八匹，車二百一十七輛，牛一百九十二隻，驢五百三十四頭。 水站九十處，船一千五百一十二隻。 遼陽等處行中書省所轄，總計一百二十處：
106 land stations: 3,928 horses, 217 carts, 192 oxen, 534 donkeys. 90 water stations: 1,512 boats. Liaoyang Branch Secretariat: 120 locations:
40
陸站一百五處，馬六千五百一十五匹，車二千六百二十一輛，牛五千二百五十九隻。 狗站一十五處，元設站戶三百，狗三千隻，後除絕亡倒死外，實在站戶二百八十九，狗二百一十八隻。
105 land stations: 6,515 horses, 2,621 carts, 5,259 oxen. 15 dog stations: originally 300 households and 3,000 dogs; after losses, 289 households and 218 dogs remained.
41
江浙等處行中書省所轄，總計二百六十二處：
Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat: 262 locations:
42
馬站一百三十四處，馬五千一百二十三匹。 轎站三十五處，轎一百四十八乘。 步站一十一處，遞運夫三千三十二戶。 水站八十二處，船一千六百二十七隻。
134 horse stations: 5,123 horses. 35 sedan-chair stations: 148 chairs. 11 foot stations: 3,032 transport households. 82 water stations: 1,627 boats.
43
江西等處行中書省所轄，總計一百五十四處：
Jiangxi Branch Secretariat: 154 locations:
44
馬站八十五處，馬二千一百六十五匹，轎二十五乘。 水站六十九處，船五百六十八隻。 湖廣等處行中書省所轄，總計一百七十三處：
85 horse stations: 2,165 horses, 25 sedan chairs. 69 water stations: 568 boats. Huguang Branch Secretariat: 173 locations:
45
陸站一百處，馬二千五百五十五匹，車七十輛，牛五百四十五隻，坐轎一百七十五乘，臥轎三十乘。 水站七十三處，船五百八十隻。 陜西行中書省所轄八十一處：
100 land stations: 2,555 horses, 70 carts, 545 oxen, 175 sitting chairs, 30 reclining chairs. 73 water stations: 580 boats. Shaanxi Branch Secretariat: 81 locations:
46
陸站八十處，馬七千六百二十九匹。 水站一處，船六隻。 四川行中書省所轄：
80 land stations: 7,629 horses. 1 water station: 6 boats. Sichuan Branch Secretariat:
47
陸站四十八處，馬九百八十六匹，牛一百五十頭。 水站八十四處，船六百五十四隻，牛七十六頭。 雲南諸路行中書省所轄站赤七十八處：
48 land stations: 986 horses, 150 oxen. 84 water stations: 654 boats, 76 oxen. Yunnan Branch Secretariat jamči: 78 locations:
48
馬站七十四處，馬二千三百四十五匹，牛三十隻。 水站四處，船二十四隻。 甘肅行中書省所轄三路：
74 horse stations: 2,345 horses, 30 oxen. 4 water stations: 24 boats. Gansu Branch Secretariat, three circuits:
49
脫脫禾孫馬站六處，馬四百九十一匹，牛一百四十九頭，驢一百七十一頭，羊六百五十口。 ○弓手
6 todoqson horse stations: 491 horses, 149 oxen, 171 donkeys, 650 sheep. ○ Archers
50
元制，郡邑設弓手，以防盜也。 內而京師，有南北兩城兵馬司，外而諸路府所轄州縣，設縣尉司、巡檢司、捕盜所，置巡軍弓手，而其數則有多寡之不同。 職巡邏，專捕獲。 官有綱運及流徙者至，則執兵仗導道，以轉相授受。 外此則不敢役，示專其職焉。
Under Yuan law, counties and districts maintained archers against banditry. In the capital the North and South City Horse and Infantry Commissions stood guard; in the provinces county commandants, inspectors, and bandit offices deployed patrol troops and archers in varying numbers. Their duty was patrol and arrest. When convicts or exiles in official transport arrived, they escorted with weapons and relayed custody. They were not used for other tasks, to keep their role distinct.
51
世祖中統五年，隨州府驛路設置巡馬及馬步弓手，驗民戶多寡，定立額數。 除本管頭目外，本處長官兼充提控官。 其夜禁之法，一更三點，鐘聲絕，禁人行； 五更三點，鐘聲動，聽人行。 有公事急速及喪病產育之類，則不在此限。 違者笞二十七下，有官者笞七下，準贖元寶鈔一貫。 州縣城池相離遠處，其間五七十里，所有村店及二十戶以上者，設立巡防弓手，合用器仗，必須完備，令本縣長官提調。 不及二十戶者，依數差補。 若無村店去處，或五七十里，創立聚落店舍，亦須及二十戶數。 其巡軍別設，不在戶數之內。 關津渡口，必當設立店舍弓手去處，不在五七十里之限。 於本路不以是何投下當差戶計，及軍站人匠、打捕鷹房、斡脫、窯冶諸色人等戶內，每一百戶內取中戶一名充役，與免本戶合著差發，其當戶推到合該差發數目，卻於九十九戶內均攤。 若有失盜，勒令當該弓手，定立三限盤捉，每限一月。 如限內不獲，其捕盜官，強盜停俸兩月，竊盜一月。 外據弓手，如一月不獲，強盜決一十七下，竊盜七下； 兩月不獲，強盜二十七下，竊盜一十七下； 三月不獲者，強盜三十七下，竊盜二十七下。 如限內獲賊，數及一半者，全免正罪。
Zhongtong 5 (1264): Suizhou relay route gained patrol horses and mounted and foot archers sized to local household counts. Local chiefs doubled as control officers besides regular headmen. Night curfew: after the third stroke of the first watch bell, travel was forbidden; after the third stroke of the fifth watch bell, travel was allowed. Urgent official business and funerals, illness, or childbirth were exempt. Violators were caned twenty-seven times; officials seven, redeemable for one ingot of Yuanbao notes. Between distant county seats, villages of twenty households or more along fifty–seventy li stretches had patrol archers with full arms under county chiefs. Smaller settlements were filled to quota. New settlements without inns still needed twenty households before archers were posted. Separate patrol troops did not count toward household quotas. Passes and ferries required inn archers regardless of distance limits. From every hundred households—including appanage, military, craftsman, falconer, merchant, and other categories—one middle household served as archer, exempt from its levies, which were spread over the other ninety-nine. After theft, the local archer faced three one-month deadlines to make arrests. Failure brought salary suspension: two months for robbery cases, one for theft. Archers themselves were beaten if they missed deadlines: seventeen strokes for robbery after one month, seven for theft; two months: twenty-seven and seventeen strokes respectively; three months: thirty-seven and twenty-seven strokes. Capturing half the culprits within the deadline remitted the full penalty.
52
至元三年，省部議：「隨路戶數，多寡不同，兼軍站不該差發，似難均攤。 擬合斟酌京府司縣合用人數，止於本處包銀絲線，並止納包銀戶計內，每一百戶選差中戶一名當役，本戶合當差發稅銀，卻令九十九戶包納。」 從之。
Zhiyuan 3 (1266): officials noted uneven household counts and exempt military stations from spreading archer levies. They proposed staffing capital counties from wrapped-silver households only, one middle household per hundred serving while ninety-nine covered its tax silver. Approved.
53
四年，除上都、中都已有巡軍，其所轄州縣合設弓手，俱於本路包銀等戶選丁多強壯者充，驗各處州縣戶數多寡、驛程緊慢設置，合用器仗，各人自備。
Year 4: except at Shangdu and Zhongdu, other counties chose strong wrapped-silver households as archers with self-supplied arms, scaled to population and relay traffic.
54
八年，御史臺言：「諸路宜選年壯熟閑弓馬之人，以備巡捕之職。 弓手數少者，亦宜增置。 除捕盜防轉，不得別行差占。」
Year 8: the Censorate urged routes to appoint skilled mature archers to patrol duty. Understaffed posts should be filled. They were not to be diverted from arrest and escort work."
55
十六年，分大都南北兩城兵馬司，各主捕盜之任。 南城三十二處，弓手一千四百名； 北城一十七處，弓手七百九十五名。
Year 16: Dadu north and south city Horse and Infantry Commissions were split, each responsible for catching bandits. South City: 32 posts, 1,400 archers; North City: 17 posts, 795 archers.
56
二十三年，省臺官言：「捕賊巡馬，先令執持悶棍以行，賊眾多有弓箭，反致巡軍被傷。 今議給各路弓箭十副，府州七副，司縣五副，各令置備防盜。」 從之。
Year 23: officials said patrolmen armed only with weighted staves were being wounded by archer bandits. They proposed ten bow sets per route, seven per prefecture, and five per county for anti-theft patrols. Approved.
57
仁宗延祐二年，從江南行御史臺請，以各處弓手人等，往往致害人命，役三年者罷之，還當民役，別於相應戶內補換。 急遞鋪兵
Yanyou 2 (1315): after three years service archers who had harmed lives were dismissed to civilian status and replaced from suitable households. Urgent Courier Post Runners
58
古者置郵而傳命，示速也。 元制，設急遞鋪，以達四方文書之往來，其所系至重，其立法蓋可考焉。
Antiquity set up posts to relay commands—a mark of urgency. The Yuan established urgent courier posts for official correspondence nationwide; the system was weighty and its rules are recorded here.
59
世祖時，自燕京至開平府，復自開平府至京兆，始驗地裏遠近，人數多寡，立急遞站鋪。 每十里或十五里、二十五里，則設一鋪，於各州縣所管民戶及漏籍戶內，簽起鋪兵。
Under Shizu, urgent posts were laid out from Yanjing to Kaiping and Kaiping to Jingzhao according to distance and population. Posts were placed every ten, fifteen, or twenty-five li, with runners drafted from registered and unregistered households.
60
中統元年，詔：「隨處官司，設傳遞鋪驛，每鋪置鋪丁五人。 各處縣官，置文簿一道付鋪，遇有轉遞文字，當傳鋪所即註名件到鋪時刻，及所轄轉遞人姓名，置簿，令轉送人取下鋪押字交收時刻還鋪。 本縣官司時復照刷，稽滯者治罪。 其文字，本縣官司絹袋封記，以牌書號。 其牌長五寸，闊一寸五分，以綠油黃字書號。 若系邊關急速公事，用匣子封鎖，於上重別題號，及寫某處文字，發遣時刻，以憑照勘遲速。 其匣子長一尺，闊四寸，高三寸，用黑油紅字書號。 已上牌匣俱系營造小尺，上以千字文為號，仍將本管地境、置立鋪驛卓望地名，遞相傳報。」 鋪兵一晝夜行四百里。 各路總管府委有俸正官一員，每季親行提點。 州縣亦委有俸末職正官，上下半月照刷。 如有怠慢，初犯事輕者笞四十，贖銅，再犯罰俸一月，三犯者決。 總管府提點官比總管減一等，仍科三十，初犯贖銅，再犯罰俸半月，三犯者決。 鋪兵鋪司，痛行斷罪。
Zhongtong 1 (1260): "Every office shall set transmission posts with five runners each. Each county gave posts a register logging every relayed document, carrier, and handover time with signed receipts. County offices audited registers and punished delays. Documents were sealed in silk bags and numbered on tokens. Tokens were five cun by one cun five fen, numbered in yellow on green lacquer. Urgent frontier papers used locked boxes marked with destination and dispatch time to check speed. Boxes were one chi by four cun by three cun, numbered in red on black lacquer. Tokens and boxes used the construction foot, Thousand-Character Classic numbering, and relay reporting of post landmarks. Runners covered four hundred li per day and night. Each route government assigned a salaried officer to inspect quarterly. Counties assigned junior salaried officers for semimonthly audits. Negligence: first light offense forty strokes (commutable), second one month salary forfeited, third capital punishment. Route inspectors ranked one grade below route chiefs: thirty strokes, then copper ransom, half-month salary fine, then capital punishment. Runners and post clerks faced harsh statutory penalties.
61
至元八年，申命州縣官，用心照刷及點視闕少鋪司鋪兵。 凡有遞轉文字到，鋪司隨即分明附籍，速令當該鋪兵，裹以軟絹包袱，更用油絹卷縛，夾版束系，賫小回歷一本，作急走遞，到下鋪交割附歷訖，於回歷上令鋪司驗到鋪時刻，並文字總計角數，及有無開拆、磨擦損壞，或亂行批寫字樣，如此附寫一行，鋪司畫字，回還。 若有違犯，易為挨問。 隨路鋪兵，不許顧人領替，須要本戶少壯人力正身應役。 每鋪安置十二時輪子一枚、紅綽屑一座，並牌額及上司行下、諸路申上鋪歷二本。 每遇夜，常明燈燭。 其鋪兵每名備夾版、鈴攀各一付，纓槍一，軟絹包袱一，油絹三尺，蓑衣一領，回歷一本。 各處往來文字，先用凈檢紙封裹於上，更用厚夾紙印信封皮。 各路承發文字人吏，每日逐旋發放，及將承發到文字，驗視有無開拆、磨擦損壞、批寫字樣，分朗附簿。
Zhiyuan 8 (1271): counties were ordered to audit shortages of post clerks and runners. Clerks logged arrivals, sent runners with silk-wrapped, board-protected packets and return registers noting time, seal integrity, and damage. Violations could thus be traced. Runners had to serve in person from their own household—no hired substitutes. Each post kept a twelve-hour clock, signal beacon, signboard, and two superior/route registers. Posts kept lamps burning through the night. Each runner carried boards, bell harness, spear, silk wraps, oilcloth, rain cape, and a return register. Outgoing mail was wrapped in clean paper and thick sealed envelopes. Route dispatch clerks issued mail daily and logged condition of incoming packets.
62
九年，左補闕祖立福合言：「諸路急遞鋪名，不合人情。 急者急速也，國家設官署名字，必須吉祥者為美，宜更定之。」 遂更為通遠鋪。
Year 9: Remonstrance Official Zu Lifuhe said the name "urgent courier post" was inauspicious. State offices should bear auspicious names, not words implying haste. They were renamed Far-reaching Posts.
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二十年，留守司官言：「初立急遞鋪時，取不能當差貧戶，除其差發充鋪兵，又不敷者，於漏籍戶內貼補。 今富人規避差發，求充鋪兵，乞擇其富者，令充站戶，站戶之貧者，卻充鋪兵。」 從之。
Year 20: garrison officials said early posts had drafted poor households and unregistered fillers as runners. Rich men now sought runner duty to evade levies; officials asked to swap them into station households and assign poor station households as runners. Approved.
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二十八年，中書省定議：「近年入遞文字，封緘雜亂，發遣無時，今後省部並諸衙門入遞文字，其常事皆付承發司隨所投下去處，類為一緘。 如往江淮行省者，凡江淮行省不以是何文字，通為一緘。 其他官府同。 省部臺院，凡有急速之事，別置匣子發遣，其匣子入遞，隨到即行。 鋪司須能附寫文歷，辨定時刻，鋪兵須壯健善走者，不堪之人，隨即易換。」
Year 28: routine relay mail was to be bundled by destination; urgent items used separate boxes. All papers for the Jiang-Huai branch, for instance, went in one packet. Other destinations followed the same rule. Secretariat, ministries, and censorate urgent business used boxes that moved immediately on arrival. Clerks had to keep accurate registers and times; runners had to be fit and were replaced if not."
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三十一年，大都設置總急遞鋪提領所，降九品銅印，設提領三員。
Year 31: Dadu created a chief urgent-post superintendency with ninth-rank bronze seal and three superintendents.
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英宗至治三年，各處急遞鋪，每十鋪設一郵長，於州縣籍記司吏內差充，使之專督其事。 一歲之內，能盡職者，從優補用； 不能者，提調官量輕重罪之。
Zhizhi 3 (1323): every ten posts received a postal chief from county clerks to supervise service. Diligent chiefs were promoted preferentially; negligent ones were punished by their supervisor.
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凡鋪卒皆腰革帶，懸鈴，持槍，挾雨衣，賫文書以行。 夜則持炬火，道狹則車馬者，負荷者，聞鈴避諸旁，夜亦以驚虎狼也。 響及所之鋪，則鋪人出以俟其至。 囊板以護文書不破碎、不襞積，折小漆絹以禦雨雪，不使濡濕之。 及各鋪得之，則又展轉遞去。
Runners wore belts and bells, carried spears and rain capes, and bore the documents. At night they carried torches; travelers hearing bells gave way, and the noise also scared off wolves. The next post heard the bell and came out to meet them. Board cases and lacquered silk kept documents dry and uncreased. Each post forwarded them in turn.
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鷹房捕獵
Falconry Offices and Hunting
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元制，自御位及諸王，皆有昔寶赤，蓋鷹人也。 是故捕獵有戶，使之致鮮食以薦宗廟，供天庖，而齒革羽毛，又皆足以備用，此殆不可闕焉者也。 然地有禁，取有時，而違者則罪之。 冬春之交，天子或親幸近郊，縱鷹隼搏擊，以為遊豫之度，謂之飛放。 故鷹房捕獵，皆有司存。 而打捕鷹房人戶，多取析居、放良及漏籍孛蘭奚、還俗僧道與凡曠役無賴者，乃招收亡宋舊役等戶為之。 其差發，除納地稅、商稅，依例出軍等六色宣課外，並免其雜泛差役。 自太宗乙未年，抄籍分屬御位下及諸王公主駙馬各投下。 及世祖時，行尚書省嘗重定其籍，厥後永為定制焉。
Under Yuan law the emperor and every prince maintained šibağči, or falconers. Hunting households supplied fresh meat for the ancestral temple and imperial kitchen; hides and feathers served other needs—an indispensable institution. Hunting was restricted by region and season, with penalties for violations. In late winter or early spring the emperor sometimes hunted near the capital with falcons—called "flying release." Falconry and hunting had their own administrative offices. Falconry households were drawn from split families, freed slaves, unregistered Balx, secularized clergy, vagrants, and former Song service households. They paid land and commercial taxes and routine military levies but were exempt from miscellaneous corvées. From Taizong yiwei year (1235) registers assigned households to the throne and princely appanages. Shizu Branch Secretariat revised the registers, after which the arrangement became permanent.
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御位下打捕鷹房官：一所，權官張元，大都路寶坻縣置司，無額七十七戶。 一所，王阿都赤，世襲祖父職，掌十投下、中都、順天、真定、宣德等路諸色人匠打捕等戶，元額一百四十七戶。 一所，管領大都等處打捕鷹房民戶達魯花赤石抹也先，世襲祖父職，元額一百一十七戶。 一所，管領大都路打捕鷹房等官李脫歡帖木兒，世襲祖父職，元額二百二十八戶。 一所，宣授管領大都等處打捕鷹房人匠等戶達魯花赤黃也速<角┦>兒，世襲祖父職，元額五十戶。 一所，管領鷹房打捕人匠等戶達魯花赤移剌帖木兒，世襲祖父職，元額一百五十七戶。 一所，宣授管領打捕鷹房等戶達魯花赤阿八赤，世襲祖父職，元額三百五十五戶。 一所，宣授管領大都等路打捕鷹房人戶達魯花赤寒食，世襲祖父職，元額二百四十三戶。
Imperial falconry offices: one under Acting Official Zhang Yuan at Baodi, Dadu, 77 households without quota. Wang Aduchi inherited his grandfather post over 147 households across ten appanages and several routes. Shimo Yexian, darughachi over Dadu falconry households, inherited 117 households. Li Toghan Temür over Dadu falconry households inherited 228 households. Huang Yesüer, appointed darughachi over Dadu falconry craftsmen, inherited 50 households. Yila Temür inherited 157 falconry craftsman households. Abaqi inherited 355 hunting-falconry households. Hanshi over Dadu falconry households inherited 243 households.
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諸王位下：汝寧王位下，管領民匠打捕鷹房等戶官，元額二百一戶。 普賽因大王位下，管領本投下大都等路打捕鷹房諸色人匠達魯花赤都總管府，元額七百八十戶。
Prince of Runing: 201 households under his falconry craftsman office. Great Prince Püsäyin: 780 households under his chief darughachi falconry office.
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天下州縣所設獵戶：腹裏打捕戶，總計四千四百二十三戶。 河東宣慰司打捕戶，五百九十八戶。 晉寧路打捕戶，三百三十二戶。 大同路打捕戶，一十五戶。 冀寧路打捕戶，二百五十一戶。 上都留守司打捕戶，三百九十七戶。 宣德提領所打捕戶，一百八十二戶。 山東宣慰司打捕戶，三百九十七戶。 宣德提領所打捕戶，一百八十二戶。 山東宣慰司打捕戶，一百戶。 益都路打捕戶，四十三戶。 濟南路打捕戶，三十六戶。 般陽路二十一戶。 東平路三十四戶。 曹州八十四戶。 德州一十戶。 濮州三十一戶。 泰安州五戶。 東昌路一戶。 真定路九十一戶。 順德路一十九戶。 廣平路一十九戶。 冠州五戶。 恩州二戶。 彰德三十七戶。 衛輝路一十六戶。 大名路二百八十六戶。 保定路三十一戶。 河間路二百五十二戶。 隨路提舉司一千一百九十一戶。 河間鷹戶府二百七十六名。 都總管府七百五十六戶。
Realm-wide county hunting households: metropolitan total 4,423 households. Hedong Pacification Commission: 598 households. Jinning Route: 332 households. Datong Route: 15 households. Jining Route: 251 households. Shangdu Garrison Commission: 397 households. Xuande Superintendency: 182 households. Shandong Pacification Commission: 397 households. Xuande Superintendency: 182 households. Shandong Pacification Commission: 100 households. Yidu Route: 43 households. Jinan Route: 36 households. Panyang Route: 21 households. Dongping Route: 34 households. Caozhou: 84 households. Dezhou: 10 households. Puzhou: 31 households. Tai'an Prefecture: 5 households. Dongchang Route: 1 household. Zhending Route: 91 households. Shunde Route: 19 households. Guangping Route: 19 households. Guan Prefecture: 5 households. En Prefecture: 2 households. Zhangde: 37 households. Weihui Route: 16 households. Daming Route: 286 households. Baoding Route: 31 households. Hejian Route: 252 households. Route superintendencies: 1,191 households. Hejian Falcon Household Office: 276 persons. Chief General Office: 756 households.
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遼陽大寧等處打捕鷹房官捕戶，七百五十九戶。 東平等路打捕鷹房官捕戶，三百九戶。 隨州德安河南襄陽懷孟等處打捕鷹房官捕戶，一百七十二戶。 扠捕提領所捕戶，四十戶。 高麗鷹房總管捕戶，二百五十戶。 河南等路打捕鷹房官捕戶，一千一百四十二戶。 益都等處打捕鷹房官捕戶，五百二十一戶。 河北河南東平等處打捕鷹房官捕戶，三百戶。 隨路打捕鷹房總管捕戶，一百五十九戶。 真定保定等處打捕鷹房官捕戶，五十戶。 淮安路鷹房官捕戶，四十七戶。 揚州等處打捕鷹房官捕戶，七十二戶。
Liaoyang and Daning falconry offices: 759 hunting households. Dongping and other routes: 309 hunting households. Suizhou, Dean, Henan, Xiangyang, Huai-Meng, and elsewhere: 172 hunting households. Chabu Hunting Superintendency: 40 households. Goryeo Falconry Chief: 250 households. Henan and other routes: 1,142 hunting households. Yidu and elsewhere: 521 hunting households. Hebei, Henan, Dongping, and elsewhere: 300 hunting households. Route falconry chiefs: 159 hunting households. Zhending, Baoding, and elsewhere: 50 hunting households. Huai'an Route: 47 hunting households. Yangzhou and elsewhere: 72 hunting households.
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宣徽院管轄淮東淮西屯田打捕總管府司屬打捕衙門，提舉司十處，千戶所一處，總一萬四千三百二戶。 淮安提舉司八百五十八戶。 安東提舉司九百一十二戶。 招泗提舉司四百六十五戶。 鎮巢提舉司二千五百四十戶。 蘄黃提舉司一千一百一十二戶。 通泰提舉司七百四十九戶。 塔山提舉司六百四十四戶。 魚網提舉司二千五百一十九戶。 打捕手號軍上千戶所打捕軍，六百四戶。
Palace Privy Council Huai-East and Huai-West garrison farming and hunting offices: ten superintendencies and one thousand-household unit, 14,302 households in all. Huai'an Superintendency: 858 households. Andong Superintendency: 912 households. Zhaosi Superintendency: 465 households. Zhenchao Superintendency: 2,540 households. Qihuang Superintendency: 1,112 households. Tongtai Superintendency: 749 households. Tashan Superintendency: 644 households. Yuwang Superintendency: 2,519 households. Hunting Hand Signal Army thousand-household unit: 604 hunting troops.