Volume 127 Biographies 14: Bayan

列傳第十四

Biography 14

○伯顏

○ Bayan

伯顏，蒙古八鄰部人。曾祖述律哥圖，事太祖，為八鄰部左千戶。祖阿剌，襲父職，兼斷事官，平忽禪有功，得食其地。父曉古台世其官，從宗王旭烈兀開西域。伯顏長於西域。至元初，旭烈兀遣入奏事，世祖見其貌偉，聽其言厲，曰：「非諸侯王臣也，其留事朕。」與謀國事，恆出廷臣右，世祖益賢之，敕以中書右丞相安童女弟妻之，若曰「為伯顏婦，不慚爾氏矣」。二年七月，拜光祿大夫、中書左丞相。諸曹白事，有難決者，徐以一二語決之。眾服曰：「真宰輔也。」四年，改中書右丞。七年，遷同知樞密院事。十年春，持節奉玉冊立燕王真金為皇太子。

Bayan was from the Mongol Bayin tribe. His great-grandfather Shulügetu had served Genghis Khan as Left Commander of a Thousand of the Bayin tribe. His grandfather Ala succeeded to his father's office, also served as a judge, distinguished himself in pacifying Huchan, and was granted the revenues of that territory. His father Xiaogutai inherited the family post and followed Prince Hulagu in the conquest of the Western Regions. Bayan was raised in the Western Regions. Early in the Zhiyuan reign, Hulagu sent him to court to report on affairs. Kublai saw his imposing stature and heard his forceful speech and said, "This is no mere subject of a feudal prince—let him stay and serve me." In council on state affairs he consistently outshone the court ministers. The emperor valued him still more and commanded that Antong's younger sister, the Right Chancellor of the Secretariat, be given to him in marriage, saying in effect, "To be Bayan's wife is no disgrace to your house." In the seventh month of year two he was appointed Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Left Chancellor of the Secretariat. When the various bureaus brought reports with knotty points, he would settle them unhurriedly in a sentence or two. Everyone conceded, "A true chief minister." In year four he was transferred to Right Vice-Chancellor of the Secretariat. In year seven he became Vice-Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In the spring of the tenth year he bore imperial credentials, presented the jade investiture book, and installed Prince Zhenjin of Yan as heir apparent.

十一年，大舉伐宋，與史天澤並拜中書左丞相，行省荊湖。時荊湖、淮西各建行省，天澤言，號令不一，或致敗事。詔改淮西行省為行樞密院。天澤又以病，表請專任伯顏，乃以伯顏領河南等路行中書省，所屬並聽節制。秋七月，陛辭，世祖諭之曰：「昔曹彬以不嗜殺平江南，汝其體朕心，為吾曹彬可也。」

In the eleventh year, when a major campaign against the Song was launched, he and Shi Tianze were jointly appointed Left Chancellor of the Secretariat with authority over the Jing-Hu circuit. At that time Jing-Hu and Huai-Xi each had its own provincial commission. Tianze argued that divided commands could bring defeat. An edict converted the Huai-Xi provincial commission into a mobile Bureau of Military Affairs. Tianze, again ill, memorialized that Bayan alone should hold command. Bayan was then placed over the mobile Secretariat of the Henan circuit, and all subordinates were placed under his orders. In the seventh month of autumn, when he took leave at court, Kublai told him, "Long ago Cao Bin pacified the south without a taste for slaughter. Take my intent to heart and be my Cao Bin."

九月甲戌朔，會師於襄陽，分軍為三道並進。丙戌，伯顏與平章阿術由中道循漢江趨郢州。萬戶武秀為前鋒，遇水濼，霖雨水溢，無舟不能涉。伯顏曰：「吾且飛渡大江，而憚此潢潦耶！」乃召一壯士，負甲仗，騎而前導，麾諸軍畢濟。癸巳，次鹽山，距郢州二十里。郢在漢水北，以石為城，宋人又于漢水南築新郢，橫鐵繩，鎖戰艦，密樹樁木水中。下流黃家灣堡，亦設守禦之具，堡之西有溝，南通藤湖，至江僅數里。乃遣總管李庭、劉國傑攻黃家灣堡，拔之，破竹席地，蕩舟由藤湖入漢江。諸將請曰：「郢城，我之喉襟，不取，恐為後患。」伯顏曰：「用兵緩急，我則知之。攻城，下策也，大軍之出，豈為此一城哉！」遂舍郢，順流下。伯顏、阿術殿后，不滿百騎。十月戊午，行大澤中，郢將趙文義、範興以騎二千來襲，伯顏、阿術未及介胄，亟還軍迎擊之。伯顏手殺文義，擒範興殺之，其士卒死者五百人，生獲數十人。

On the first day of the ninth month (jiaxu) the armies assembled at Xiangyang and advanced in three columns. On bingxu, Bayan and Grand Councillor Aju took the central route along the Han toward Yingzhou. Commander of Ten Thousand Wu Xiu led the vanguard. They met flooded marshland—the rains had swollen the waters—and without boats they could not cross. Bayan said, "I mean to fly across the Great River—shall I shrink from this standing flood?" He called forward a strong man bearing armor and weapons to ride ahead as guide and ordered the whole army across. On guisi they encamped at Yanshan, twenty li from Yingzhou. Ying lay north of the Han behind stone walls. The Song had also built New Ying south of the river, stretched iron chains to lock warships, and planted dense stakes in the water. Downstream at Huangjiawan Fort they had defenses as well. West of the fort a ditch ran south to Teng Lake, only a few li from the Yangtze. He sent supervisors Li Ting and Liu Guojie to storm Huangjiawan Fort, took it, laid bamboo matting, and poled boats through Teng Lake into the Han. The generals urged, "Ying is our throat—if we do not take it we may regret it later." Bayan replied, "I know when to press and when to wait. Besieging cities is the lesser stratagem. Did this great army march out for a single town?" He left Ying and continued downstream. Bayan and Aju brought up the rear with fewer than a hundred horsemen. On the tenth month's wuwu day, marching through a great marsh, Ying generals Zhao Wenyi and Fan Xing struck with two thousand horsemen. Bayan and Aju had not yet donned armor and wheeled back to fight. Bayan himself killed Wenyi, seized Xing and executed him; five hundred of their men died and several dozen were captured.

甲子，次沙洋。乙丑，命斷事官楊仁風招之，不應。復使一俘持黃榜、檄文，傳趙文義首，入城，招其守將王虎臣、王大用。虎臣等斬俘，焚黃榜。裨將傅益以水軍十七人來降，虎臣等又斬其軍之欲降者。伯顏復命呂文煥招之，又不應。日暮，風大起，伯顏命順風掣金汁砲，焚其廬舍，煙焰漲天，城遂破。萬戶忙古歹生擒虎臣、大用等四人，余悉屠之。丙寅，次新城，令萬戶帖木兒、史弼列沙洋所馘於城下，射黃榜、檄文於城中以招之。其守將邊居誼，邀呂文煥與語。丁卯，文煥至城下，飛矢中右臂，奔還。戊辰，其總制黃順逾城出降，即授招討使，佩以金符，令呼城上軍，其部曲即縋城下，居誼邀入城，悉斬之。己巳，其副都統制任寧亦降，居誼終不出，乃令總管李庭攻破其外堡，諸軍蟻附而登，拔之。餘眾三千，猶力戰而死，居誼舉家自焚。遂並誅王虎臣、王大用等四人。

On jiazi they reached Shayang. On yichou he ordered Judge Yang Renfeng to summon the city—they did not answer. He sent another captive with a yellow placard and proclamation, displaying Zhao Wenyi's head, to summon defenders Wang Huchen and Wang Dayong. Huchen and the others killed the messenger and burned the placard. Deputy Fu Yi came with seventeen naval men to surrender; Huchen again executed men in the garrison who wished to yield. Bayan again ordered Lü Wenhuan to summon them—they still refused. At dusk a great wind rose. Bayan ordered molten-metal cannon fired downwind, burning the huts until smoke and flame filled the sky, and the city fell. Commander of Ten Thousand Mangudai took Huchen, Dayong, and four others alive; the rest were put to the sword. On bingyin they reached Xincheng and ordered commanders Temür and Shi Bi to display Shayang's severed heads below the wall and shoot in placards and proclamations. The defender Bian Juyi invited Lü Wenhuan to parley. On dingmao Wenhuan came to the wall; a stray arrow struck his right arm and he withdrew. On wuchen their overall commander Huang Shun climbed out to surrender. Bayan made him Pacification Commissioner, gave him a gold tally, and ordered him to call the garrison down; as his men were lowered on ropes Juyi pulled them in and beheaded them all. On jisi Vice Overall Commander Ren Ning also surrendered. Juyi still would not yield, so Li Ting was ordered to break the outer fort; troops swarmed up and took it. Three thousand defenders still fought to the death; Juyi burned his entire household. Wang Huchen, Wang Dayong, and four others were then executed together.

十一月丙戌，次復州，知州翟貴以城降。諸將請點視其倉庫軍籍，遣官鎮撫，伯顏不聽，諭諸將不得入城，違者以軍法論。阿術使右丞阿裏海牙來言渡江之期，伯顏不答。明日又來，又不答。阿術乃自來，伯顏曰：「此大事也，主上以付吾二人，可使餘人知吾實乎？」潛刻期而去。乙未，軍次蔡店。丁酉，往觀漢口形勢。宋淮西制置使夏貴等，以戰艦萬艘，分據要害，都統王達守陽邏堡，京湖宣撫硃礻異孫以遊擊軍扼中流，兵不得進。千戶馬福建言，淪河口可通沙蕪入江，伯顏使覘沙蕪口，夏貴亦以精兵守之。乃圍漢陽軍，聲言由漢口渡江，貴果移兵援漢陽。

On the eleventh month's bingxu day they reached Fuzhou; Prefect Zhai Gui surrendered the city. Generals asked to inventory warehouses and registers and post pacification officials. Bayan refused and ordered that no one enter the city on pain of military law. Aju sent Right Chancellor Arighaiya to ask when they would cross the river; Bayan gave no answer. The next day he came again—still no answer. Aju came in person. Bayan said, "This is a grave matter the sovereign entrusted to us two alone—shall we let others know our plan?" He fixed the date in secret and departed. On yiwei the army encamped at Caidian. On dingyou he went to reconnoiter Hankou. Song Huai-Xi Commissioner Xia Gui and others held key points with ten thousand warships. Overall Commander Wang Da held Yangluo Fort; Jing-Hu Commissioner Zhu Qiansun with raiders blocked midstream, and the army could not advance. Commander of a Thousand Ma Fujian said the Lun River mouth led through Shaxu into the Yangtze. Bayan sent scouts; Xia Gui also held Shaxu with elite troops. He besieged Hanyang, proclaiming he would cross at Hankou; Gui duly shifted troops to relieve Hanyang.

十二月丙午，軍次漢口。辛亥，諸將自漢口開壩，引船入淪河，先遣萬戶阿剌罕以兵拒沙蕪口，逼近武磯，巡視陽羅城堡，徑趨沙蕪，遂入大江。壬子，伯顏戰艦萬計，相踵而至，以數千艘泊於淪河灣口，屯布蒙古、漢軍數十萬騎於江北。諸將言：「沙蕪南岸，彼戰船在焉，可攻而取。」伯顏曰：「吾亦知其可必取，慮汝輩貪小功，失大事；一舉渡江，收其全功可也。」遂令修攻具，進軍陽羅堡。癸丑，遣人招之，不應。甲寅，再遣人招之，其將士皆曰：「我輩受宋厚恩，戮力死戰，此其時也，安有叛逆歸降之理。備吾甲兵，決之今日，我宋天下，猶賭博孤注，輸贏在此一擲爾。」伯顏麾諸將攻之，三日不克。有術者來言：「天道南行，金、木相犯，若二星交過，則江可渡。」伯顏卻之，使勿言。乃密謀于阿術曰：「彼謂我必拔此堡，方能渡江。此堡甚堅，攻之徒勞。汝今夜以鐵騎三千，泛舟直趨上流，為搗虛之計，詰旦渡江襲南岸。已過，則速遣人報我。」乙卯，分遣右丞阿裏海牙督萬戶張弘範、忽失海牙、折的迷失等，先以步騎攻陽羅堡，夏貴來援。遂俾阿術出其不意，率萬戶晏徹兒、忙古歹、史格、賈文備四翼軍，溯流西上四十里，對青山磯而泊。是夜，雪大作，遙見南岸多露沙洲，阿術登舟，指示諸將，令徑趨是洲，載馬後隨。萬戶史格一軍先渡，為其都統程鵬飛所卻。阿術橫身蕩決，血戰中流，擒其將高邦顯等，死者無算，鵬飛被七創，敗走，得船千餘艘，遂得南岸。阿術與鎮撫何瑋等數十人，攀岸步鬥，開而復合者數四。南軍阻水，不得相薄，遂起浮橋，成列而渡。阿裏海牙繼遣張榮實、解汝楫等四翼軍，舳艫相銜，直抵夏貴。貴引麾下軍數千先遁，諸軍乘之，斬溺不可數計，追至鄂州東門而還。丙辰，阿術遣使來報，伯顏大喜，揮諸將急攻破陽羅堡，斬王達。宋軍大潰，數十萬眾死傷幾盡。夏貴僅以身免，走至白虎山。諸將謂貴大將，不可使逸去，請追之。伯顏曰；「陽羅之捷，吾欲遣使前告宋人，而貴走代吾使，不必追也。」丁巳，伯顏登武磯山，大江南北，皆我軍也，諸將稱賀，伯顏辭謝之。

In the twelfth month, on bingwu, the army halted at Hankou. On xinhai the generals breached the Hankou dam and led boats into the Lun River, first sending Commander Alahan to hold Shaxu, press Wuji, scout Yangluo Fort, strike Shaxu, and enter the Great River. On renzi Bayan's war fleet of tens of thousands arrived in succession; thousands of ships lay at the Lun River mouth and hundreds of thousands of Mongol and Han cavalry camped north of the river. Generals said, "Their warships lie on Shaxu's south bank—we can take them." Bayan said, "I know they can be taken, but I fear you will chase small gains and lose the great prize; one crossing of the river to win the whole prize is enough." He ordered siege gear prepared and advanced on Yangluo Fort. On guichou he sent envoys to summon them—they refused. On jiayin he summoned them again. Their officers and men said, "Song has favored us deeply—we fight to the death now. How could we rebel and surrender? Arm yourselves—we settle it today. Our Song is like a gambler's last throw; victory or ruin hangs on this one cast." Bayan ordered the assault; three days passed without success. A diviner said, "Heaven's course runs south; metal and wood clash—when two stars cross, the river may be crossed." Bayan dismissed him and forbade further talk. He secretly told Aju, "They think we must take this fort before we can cross. The fort is too strong—storming it is wasted effort. Tonight take three thousand iron cavalry, float boats upriver as a diversion, and at dawn cross and strike the south bank. Once across, send word to me at once." On yimao he sent Right Chancellor Arighaiya to lead commanders Zhang Hongfan, Qoshai, and Chedan Shimi to attack Yangluo with foot and horse while Xia Gui came to relieve it. He sent Aju by surprise with the four wing armies of Yanchir, Mangudai, Shi Ge, and Jia Wenbei forty li upriver to moor opposite Qingshanji. That night heavy snow fell. Sandbars showed on the south bank; Aju boarded, pointed them out, and ordered a dash for those bars with horses loaded to follow. Shi Ge's wing crossed first and was driven back by Overall Commander Cheng Pengfei. Aju plunged into the current and fought midstream, capturing Gao Bangxian and others. Countless died; Pengfei took seven wounds and fled. More than a thousand boats were seized and the south bank secured. Aju, Pacification Commissioner He Wei, and dozens climbed the bank and fought on foot, parting and rejoining four times. Southern troops could not close because of the water; they built a floating bridge and crossed in ranks. Arighaiya sent the four wings of Zhang Rongshi, Xie Ruji, and others; ships locked stem to stern and drove at Xia Gui. Gui fled first with several thousand of his household troops. The armies pressed the rout—slain and drowned beyond counting—pursuing to Ezhou's east gate before turning back. On bingchen Aju's messenger arrived. Bayan rejoiced and ordered the generals to storm Yangluo at once; Wang Da was beheaded. The Song army collapsed; of several hundred thousand men nearly all were killed or wounded. Xia Gui barely escaped alive and fled to Baihu Mountain. Generals said Gui was a great commander and must not escape, and asked to pursue. Bayan said: "At Yangluo I meant to send envoys to the Song; Gui has fled in their place—no need to pursue." On dingsi Bayan climbed Wuji Mountain. North and south of the Great River were all our troops. Generals congratulated him; Bayan declined the praise.

阿術還渡江，議兵所向，或欲先取蘄、黃，阿術曰：「若赴下流，退無所據，先取鄂、漢，雖遲旬日，可為萬全計。」伯顏從之。己未，師次鄂州，遣呂文煥、楊仁風等諭之曰：「汝國所恃者，江、淮而已，今我大兵飛渡長江，如履平地，汝輩何不速降。」鄂恃漢陽，將戰，乃焚其戰艦三千艘，火照城中，兩城大恐。庚申，知鄂州張晏然、知漢陽軍王儀、知德安府來興國，皆以城降，程鵬飛以其軍降。壬戌，定新附官品級，撤宋兵，分隸諸將。先是，邊民戍卒陷入宋境者，悉縱遣之。丁卯，遣萬戶也的哥、總管忽都歹，入奏渡江之捷。分命阿剌罕先鋒黃頭取壽昌糧四十萬斛，以充軍餉。留右丞阿裏海牙等，以兵四萬分省于鄂，規取荊湖。己巳，伯顏與阿術以大軍水陸東下，俾阿術先據黃州。

Aju recrossed to debate the next move. Some wanted Qi and Huang first. Aju said, "Downstream we have no fallback—take E and Han first. A fortnight's delay buys safety." Bayan agreed. On jiwei the army reached Ezhou. Lü Wenhuan and Yang Renfeng were sent to say, "Your state relied on the rivers and Huai alone. Our host has flown across the Yangtze as on dry land—why not surrender at once?" Ezhou relied on Hanyang and prepared to fight, then burned three thousand warships. Fire lit both cities and terror spread. On gengshen Ezhou Prefect Zhang Yanran, Hanyang Commissioner Wang Yi, and De'an Prefect Lai Xingguo surrendered their cities; Cheng Pengfei surrendered with his army. On renxu they fixed ranks for newly submitted officials, disbanded Song troops, and assigned them to the various commanders. Earlier, border people and garrison soldiers trapped in Song territory had all been released and sent home. On dingmao he sent Commander Yedege and Supervisor Qudu to court to report the river crossing victory. He ordered vanguard Alahan to seize four hundred thousand hu of grain at Shouchang for the army. He left Right Chancellor Arighaiya with forty thousand men at Ezhou to plan the conquest of Jing-Hu. On jisi Bayan and Aju marched the main force east by land and water, sending Aju first to take Huangzhou.

十二年春正月癸酉朔，至黃州。甲戌，沿江制置副使、知黃州陳奕降，伯顏承制授奕沿江大都督。奕遣書至漣水招其子岩，岩降。遣呂文煥、陳奕以書招蘄州安撫使管宗模，復遣阿術以舟師造其城下。癸未，伯顏至蘄州，宗模出降，即承制授以淮西宣撫使，留萬戶帶塔兒守之。阿術復以舟師先趨江州，兵部尚書呂師夔在江州，與知州錢真孫遣人來迎降。丙戌，伯顏至江州，即以師夔為江州守。師夔設宴庾公樓，選宋宗室女二人，盛飾以獻，伯顏怒曰：「吾奉聖天子明命，興仁義之師，問罪于宋，豈以女色移吾志乎！「斥遣之。知南康軍葉閶來降，殿前都指揮使、知安慶府範文虎亦奉書納款，阿術遂率舟師造安慶，文虎出降。伯顏至湖口，遣千戶寧玉系浮橋以渡，風迅水駛，橋不能成，乃禱於大孤山神，有頃，風息橋成，大軍畢渡。二月壬寅朔，伯顏至安慶，承制授文虎兩浙大都督，文虎以其從子友信知安慶府事，命萬戶喬珪戍之。丁未，次池州，都統制張林以城降；戊申，通判權州事趙昴發與其妻自經死，伯顏入城，見而憐之，令具衣衾葬焉。

In the twelfth year's first month, on guiyou, they reached Huangzhou. On jiaxu Vice Commissioner along the River and Huangzhou Prefect Chen Yi surrendered; Bayan appointed him Grand Commander along the River by imperial order. Yi sent word to Lianshui summoning his son Yan, who surrendered. He sent Lü Wenhuan and Chen Yi with letters to summon Qizhou Commissioner Guan Zongmo, and again sent Aju's fleet to the walls. On guiwei Bayan reached Qizhou; Zongmo surrendered and was made Huai-Xi Commissioner; Commander Daita'er was left to garrison it. Aju again pressed ahead by water to Jiangzhou. Minister of War Lü Shiqian and Prefect Qian Zhensun sent men to welcome the surrender. On bingxu Bayan reached Jiangzhou and made Shiqian defender of the city. Shiqian feasted him at Genggong Tower and offered two richly adorned Song imperial clanswomen. Bayan said angrily, "I march under the Son of Heaven's clear mandate with an army of benevolence and righteousness to call Song to account—shall women's beauty sway my will? He sent them away. Nankang Commissioner Ye Chang surrendered; Palace Commander and Anqing Prefect Fan Wenhu sent allegiance; Aju led the fleet to Anqing and Wenhu surrendered. At Hukou Bayan sent Commander Ningyu to build a floating bridge. Wind and current foiled it; he prayed at Dagushan, the wind dropped, the bridge held, and the army crossed. On the second month's renyin Bayan reached Anqing and made Wenhu Grand Commander of Two Zhe; his nephew Youxin was left at Anqing and Commander Qiao Gui to garrison it. On dingwei they reached Chizhou; Overall Commander Zhang Lin surrendered the city; on wushen Acting Prefect Zhao Anguo and his wife hanged themselves. Bayan entered, pitied them, and ordered a proper burial.

宋宰臣賈似道遣宋京致書，請還已降州郡，約貢歲幣。伯顏遣武略將軍囊加歹同其介阮思聰報命，止京以待，且使謂似道曰：「未渡江，議和入貢則可，今沿江諸郡皆內附，欲和，則當來面議也。」囊加歹還，乃釋宋京。庚申，發池州，壬戌，次丁家洲。賈似道都督諸路軍馬十三萬，號百萬，步軍指揮使孫虎臣為前鋒，淮西制置使夏貴以戰艦二千五百艘橫亙江中，似道將後軍。伯顏命左右翼萬戶率騎兵夾江而進，砲聲震百里。宋軍陣動，貴先遁，以扁舟掠似道船，呼曰：「彼眾我寡，勢不支矣！」似道聞之，倉皇失措，遽鳴金收軍，軍潰。眾軍大呼曰：「宋軍敗矣！」諸戰艦居後者，阿術促騎召之，挺身登舟，手柁沖敵船，舳艫相蕩，乍分乍合。阿術以小旗麾何瑋、李庭等並舟深入，伯顏命步騎左右掎之，追殺百五十餘里，溺死無算，得船二千餘艘，及其軍資器仗、圖籍符印。似道東走揚州，貴走廬州，虎臣走泰州。甲子，攻太平州。丁卯，知州孟之縉及知無為軍劉權、知鎮巢軍曹旺、知和州王喜，俱以城降。庚午，師次建康之龍灣，大賚將士。三月癸酉，宋沿江制置趙溍遁，溍兄淮起兵溧陽，就執而死。都統徐王榮、翁福等以城降，命招討使唆都守之。知鎮江府洪起畏遁，總管石祖忠以城降。知甯國府趙與可遁，知饒州唐震死，而江東諸郡皆下。淮西滁州諸郡亦相繼降。

Song Chief Minister Jia Sidao sent Song Jing with a letter asking return of surrendered prefectures and offering annual tribute. Bayan sent Martial Strategy General Nangiyadai with attendant Ruan Sicong to reply, detained Jing, and told Sidao, "Before we crossed, peace and tribute were possible; now the river prefectures have submitted—if you want peace, come discuss it in person." When Nangiyadai returned, Song Jing was released. On gengshen they left Chizhou; on renxu they halted at Dingjiazhou. Jia Sidao commanded one hundred thirty thousand men—called a million—with Infantry Commander Sun Huchen in the van, Xia Gui and twenty-five hundred warships across the river, and Sidao in the rear. Bayan ordered left and right wing commanders to drive cavalry along both banks while cannon thundered for a hundred li. The Song line wavered. Gui fled first in a skiff, sweeping past Sidao's ship crying, "They are too many—we cannot hold!" Sidao panicked, hastily sounded recall, and the army collapsed. Troops shouted, "The Song is beaten!" Aju spurred his horse, summoned the rear ships, boarded, took the helm, and rammed enemy vessels as fleets clashed, parted, and closed again. Aju waved a small flag directing He Wei and Li Ting in linked boats deep into the line while Bayan's foot and horse flanked. Pursuit ran one hundred fifty li; countless drowned; two thousand boats and stores, maps, registers, and seals were taken. Sidao fled east to Yangzhou; Gui to Luzhou; Huchen to Taizhou. On jiazi they attacked Taipingzhou. On dingmao Taiping Prefect Meng Zhijin, Wuwei Commissioner Liu Quan, Zhenchao Commissioner Cao Wang, and Hezhou Prefect Wang Xi all surrendered. On gengwu the army halted at Jiankang's Longwan and richly rewarded the troops. In the third month, on guiyou, Song River Commissioner Zhao Wen fled; his brother Huai raised troops at Liyang and was seized and executed. Overall Commanders Xu Wangrong and Weng Fu surrendered the city; Pacification Commissioner Sodu was left to guard it. Zhenjiang Prefect Hong Qiwei fled; Supervisor Shi Zuzhong surrendered the city. Ningguo Prefect Zhao Yuhe fled; Raozhou Prefect Tang Zhen died; all Jiangdong prefectures fell. Huai-Xi prefectures including Chuzhou also surrendered in turn.

丙子，國信使廉希賢至建康，傳旨令諸將各守營壘，毋得妄有侵掠。希賢與嚴忠範等奉命使宋，請兵自衛，伯顏曰：「行人以言不以兵，兵多，徒為累使事。」希賢固請，與之。丙戌，至獨松嶺，果為宋人所殺。庚寅，伯顏遣左右司員外郎石天麟詣闕奏事，世祖大悅，悉可其奏。伯顏以行中書省駐建康，阿塔海、董文炳以行樞密院駐鎮江，阿術別奉詔攻揚州。江東歲饑，民大疫，伯顏隨賑救之，民賴以安。宋人遣都統洪模移書徐王榮等，言殺使之事太皇太后及嗣君實不知，皆邊將之罪，當按誅之，願輸幣，請罷兵通好。伯顏曰：「彼為譎詐之計，以視我之虛實。當擇人以同往，觀其事體，宣佈威德，令彼速降。」乃命議事官張羽等持王榮答書，至平江驛，宋人又殺之。

On bingzi Imperial Envoy Lian Xixian reached Jiankang with orders that generals hold their camps and not plunder. Xixian and Yan Zhongfan were sent to Song and asked for an escort. Bayan said, "Envoys travel on words, not soldiers—too many troops only burden the mission." Xixian insisted and received them. On bingxu they reached Dusong Ridge and were killed by Song men. On gengyin Bayan sent Outer Office Member Shi Tianlin to report; Kublai was greatly pleased and approved all memorials. Bayan quartered the mobile Secretariat at Jiankang; Atahai and Dong Wenbing the mobile Bureau at Zhenjiang; Aju separately received orders to attack Yangzhou. Jiangdong suffered famine and plague that year; Bayan relieved them and the people were kept at peace. Song sent Overall Commander Hong Mo to Wangrong and others, claiming the Grand Empress Dowager and heir did not know of the envoy killings, blaming border generals, offering tribute and asking peace. Bayan said, "This is deceit to probe our strength. Choose men to go with them, observe affairs, proclaim majesty, and make them surrender quickly." He sent Deliberation Officer Zhang Yu with Wangrong's reply to Pingjiang Station; the Song killed them again.

四月乙丑，有詔以時暑方熾，不利行師，俟秋再舉。伯顏奏曰：「宋人之據江海，如獸保險，今已扼其吭，少縱之則逸而逝矣。」世祖語使者曰：「將在軍，不從中制，後法也。宜從丞相言。」五月丁亥，復命奉御愛先傳旨，召伯顏赴闕，以阿剌罕為參政，留治省事。伯顏至鎮江，會諸將計事，令各還鎮，乃渡江北行，入見於上都。七月癸未，進中書右丞相，讓功于阿術，遂以阿術為左丞相。八月癸卯，受命還行省，付以詔書，俾諭宋主。乃取道益都，行視沂州等軍壘，調淮東都元帥孛魯歡、副都元帥阿裏伯，以所部兵沂淮而進。九月戊寅，會師淮安城下，遣新附官孫嗣武叩城大呼，又射書城中，諭守將使降，皆不應。庚辰，招討別吉裏迷失拒北城西門，伯顏與孛魯歡、阿裏伯親臨南城堡，揮諸將長驅而登，拔之，潰兵欲奔大城，追襲至城門，斬首數百級，遂平其南堡。丙戌，次寶應軍。戊子，次高郵。十月庚戌，圍揚州。召諸將指授方略，留孛魯歡、阿裏伯守灣頭新堡，眾軍南行。壬戌，至鎮江，罷行院，以阿塔海、董文炳同署事。

In the fourth month, on yichou, an edict said summer heat made campaigning unwise and they should wait for autumn. Bayan memorialized, "The Song cling to rivers and seas like beasts in a defile—we have their throat; slacken and they escape." Kublai told the envoy, "A general in the field does not take orders from the center—that is ancient law. Follow the chancellor. Follow the chancellor's counsel." In the fifth month, on dinghai, Palace Attendant Aixian was sent to summon Bayan to court, leaving Alahan as councillor to manage the Secretariat. Bayan reached Zhenjiang, met the generals, ordered each back to post, crossed north, and went to audience at Shangdu. On the seventh month's guiwei he was promoted Right Chancellor, yielded merit to Aju, and Aju became Left Chancellor. On the eighth month's guimao he was ordered back to the field commission with an edict to proclaim to the Song ruler. He went by Yidu, inspected Yizhou camps, and sent Huai-Dong Grand Marshal Berke and Vice Marshal Alibo along the Huai. On the ninth month's wuyin the armies met below Huai'an; newly submitted Sun Siwu shouted at the walls and letters were shot in—all refused. On gengchen Pacification Commissioner Begleri held the north gate; Bayan with Berke and Alibo stormed the south fort, took it, pursued fugitives to the main gate, cut hundreds of heads, and pacified the south fort. On bingxu they halted at Baoying. On wuzi they reached Gaoyou. In the tenth month, on gengxu, they besieged Yangzhou. He briefed the generals, left Berke and Alibo at Wantou's new fort, and marched south. On renxu they reached Zhenjiang, abolished the mobile commission, and Atahai and Dong Wenbing jointly managed affairs.

十一月乙亥，伯顏分軍為三道，期會于臨安。參政阿剌罕等為右軍，以步騎自建康出四安，趨獨松嶺；參政董文炳等為左軍，以舟師自江陰循海趨澉浦、華亭；伯顏及右丞阿塔海由中道，節制諸軍，水陸並進。壬午，伯顏軍至常州。先是，常州守王宗洙遁，通判王虎臣以城降，其都統制劉師勇與張彥、王安節等復拒之，推姚為守，固拒數月不下。伯顏遣人至城下，射書城中招諭：勿以已降復叛為疑，勿以拒敵我師為懼。皆不應。乃親督帳前軍臨南城，又多建火砲，張弓弩，晝夜攻之。浙西制置文天祥遣尹玉、麻士龍來援，皆戰死。甲申，伯顏叱帳前軍先登，豎赤旗城上，諸軍見而大呼曰：「丞相登矣。」師畢登。宋兵大潰，拔之，屠其城，姚及通判陳炤等死之，生獲王安節，斬之。劉師勇變服單騎奔平江，諸將請追之，伯顏曰：「勿追，師勇所過，城守者膽落矣。」以行省都事馬恕為常州尹。遣蒙古軍都元帥闍裏帖木兒、萬戶懷都先據無錫州，萬戶忙古歹、晏徹兒巡太湖，遣監戰亦乞裏歹、招討使唆都、宣撫使游顯，會闍裏帖木兒先趨平江。

In the eleventh month, on yihai, Bayan divided the army in three columns to converge on Lin'an. Councillor Alahan led the right wing by foot and horse from Jiankang through Si'an toward Dusong Ridge; Councillor Dong Wenbing led the left by fleet from Jiangyin along the coast toward Ganpu and Huating; Bayan and Right Chancellor Atahai took the center, commanding all forces by land and water. On renwu Bayan's army reached Changzhou. Earlier Defender Wang Zongzhu had fled and Acting Prefect Wang Huchen surrendered, but Overall Commander Liu Shiyong with Zhang Yan and Wang Anjie rebelled, made Yao Su defender, and held for months. Bayan shot letters into the city urging them not to fear for having surrendered once, nor for resisting now. They did not answer. He personally led the vanguard at the south wall, raised many fire-lances and crossbows, and attacked day and night. Huai-Xi Commissioner Wen Tianxiang sent Yin Yu and Ma Shilong to aid them; both died fighting. On jiashen Bayan ordered the vanguard up first; a red banner rose on the wall and troops cried, "The chancellor is on the wall!" The whole force climbed up. The Song force collapsed; the city was taken and sacked; Yao Su and Acting Prefect Chen Zhao died; Wang Anjie was captured and beheaded. Liu Shiyong fled alone in disguise to Pingjiang. Generals asked to pursue; Bayan said, "Let him go—where he passes, garrisons will lose heart." He appointed Secretariat Officer Ma Nu prefect of Changzhou. He sent Grand Commander Yeltemür and Commander Huaiu to Wuxi, Mangudai and Yanchir to patrol Tai Lake, and Overseer Yeqilidai, Sodu, and You Xian ahead to Pingjiang.

先是，平江守潛說友遁，通判胡玉等既以城降，而復為宋人所據。甲辰，眾軍次平江，都統王邦傑、通判王矩之率眾出降。庚戌，遣囊加歹同其使柳岳還臨安。以忙古歹、範文虎行兩浙大都督事。遣甯玉修吳江長橋，不旬日而成。庚申，囊加歹同宋尚書夏士林、侍郎呂師孟、宗正少卿陸秀夫以書來，請尊世祖為伯父，而世修子侄之禮，且約歲幣銀二十五萬兩，帛二十五萬匹。癸亥，遣囊加歹同師孟等還臨安。遣忙古歹、範文虎會阿剌罕、昔裏伯取湖州，知州趙良淳死之。丙寅，趙與可以城降。伯顏發平江，留遊顯、懷都、忽都不花屯兵鎮守。別遣寧玉守長橋。

Earlier Defender Qian Yueyou had fled; Acting Prefect Hu Yu had surrendered, but Song forces seized the city again. On jiachen the armies reached Pingjiang; Overall Commander Wang Bangjie and Acting Prefect Wang Juzhi led the people out to surrender. On gengxu he sent Nangiyadai with envoy Liu Yue back to Lin'an. He made Mangudai and Fan Wenhu Grand Commanders of Two Zhe. He sent Ningyu to repair Wujiang's long bridge; it was finished in less than ten days. On gengshen Nangiyadai returned with Song Secretariat Member Xia Shilin, Vice Minister Lü Shimeng, and Court Ritualist Lu Xiufu offering to honor Kublai as uncle with nephew's rites and yearly tribute of two hundred fifty thousand taels silver and bolts of silk. On guihai he sent Nangiyadai back with Shimeng and others. He sent Mangudai and Fan Wenhu with Alahan and Shirbai to take Huzhou; Prefect Zhao Liangchun died defending it. On bingyin Zhao Yuhe surrendered his city. Bayan left Pingjiang, leaving You Xian, Huaiu, and Qutubuqha to garrison. He sent Ningyu separately to guard the long bridge.

十三年正月己巳，次嘉興，安撫劉漢傑以城降，留萬戶忽都虎等戍之。癸酉，宋軍器監劉庭瑞以其宰臣陳宜中等書來，即遣回。乙亥，宜中遣御史劉岊奉宋主稱臣表文副本，及致書伯顏，約會長安鎮。辛巳，眾軍至崇德。宜中又令都統洪模，持書同囊加歹來見。壬午，次長安鎮，宜中等不至。癸未，進軍臨平鎮。甲申，次阜亭山，宋主遣知臨安府賈余慶，同宗室保康軍承宣使尹甫、和州防禦使吉甫，奉傳國璽及降表詣軍前。伯顏受訖，遣囊加歹以余慶等還臨安，召宋宰臣出議降事。時宜中已遁，以文天祥代為丞相，不拜，自請至軍前。乙酉，進軍至臨安北十五里，分遣董文炳、呂文煥、範文虎巡視城堡，安諭軍民。囊加歹、洪模來報，宜中與張世傑、蘇劉義、劉師勇等，挾益王、廣王下浙江，航海而南，惟謝太后及幼主在宮中。伯顏亟遣使諭右軍阿剌罕、奧魯赤，左軍董文炳、範文虎，據守浙江，以勁兵五千人追之，不及而還。

In year thirteen, first month jisi, he reached Jiaxing; Commissioner Liu Hanjie surrendered; Commander Qutuqhu was left to garrison. On guiyou Song Arms Supervisor Liu Tingrui brought a letter from Chief Minister Chen Yizhong; it was sent back at once. On yihai Yizhong sent Censor Liu Bi with a copy of the subjection memorial and a letter to Bayan appointing meeting at Chang'an Town. On xinsi the armies reached Chongde. Yizhong again sent Overall Commander Hong Mo with a letter to meet with Nangiyadai. On renwu they halted at Chang'an Town; Yizhong and the others did not appear. On guimao the army advanced to Linping. On jiashen they halted at Futing Mountain. The Song emperor sent Lin'an Prefect Jia Yuqing with Commissioner Yin Fu and Defender Ji Fu bearing the imperial seal and surrender memorial to the camp. Bayan received them and sent Nangiyadai with Yuqing back to Lin'an to summon Song ministers to discuss surrender. Yizhong had already fled; Wen Tianxiang replaced him as chief minister, refused to bow, and asked to come to camp himself. On yiyou the army advanced to fifteen li north of Lin'an; Bayan sent Dong Wenbing, Lü Wenhuan, and Fan Wenhu to inspect defenses and pacify the people. Nangiyadai and Hong Mo reported that Yizhong with Zhang Shijie, Su Yiyu, and Liu Shiyong had fled south by sea with the princes; only Empress Dowager Xie and the young emperor remained. Bayan urgently ordered Alahan and Oljei on the right and Dong Wenbing and Fan Wenhu on the left to hold Zhejiang and sent five thousand elite troops in pursuit; they failed to overtake them.

丙戌，禁軍士毋入城，遣呂文煥持黃榜諭臨安中外軍民，俾安堵如故。先是，三衙衛士，白晝殺人，閭里小民，乘亂剽掠，至是民皆安之。丁亥，遣程鵬飛、洪雙壽等入宮，慰諭謝後。戊子，謝後遣丞相吳堅、文天祥，樞密謝堂，安撫賈余慶，內官鄧惟善來見，伯顏慰遣之，顧天祥舉動不常，疑有異志，留之軍中。天祥數請歸，伯顏笑而不答。天祥怒曰：「我此來為兩國大事，彼皆遣歸，何故留我？」伯顏曰：「勿怒。汝為宋大臣，責任非輕，今日之事，政當與我共之。」令忙古歹、唆都館伴羈縻之。令程鵬飛、洪雙壽同賈余慶易宋主削帝號降表。己丑，駐軍臨安城北之湖州市。遣千戶囊加歹等以宋傳國璽入獻。

On bingxu he forbade troops to enter the city and sent Lü Wenhuan with a yellow placard assuring Lin'an's people they might dwell in peace. Earlier the palace guards had killed by daylight and townsfolk had looted; now the people were at peace. On dinghai he sent Cheng Pengfei and Hong Shuangshou into the palace to comfort Empress Dowager Xie. On wuzi the empress dowager sent Wu Jian, Wen Tianxiang, Xie Tang, Jia Yuqing, and attendant Deng Weishan to meet. Bayan comforted them but, seeing Tianxiang's manner, detained him in camp. Tianxiang repeatedly asked to return; Bayan smiled and did not answer. Tianxiang said angrily, "I came for the great affairs of two realms—why are others sent back while I am kept?" Bayan said, "Do not be angry. You are a great Song minister with heavy responsibility—today's business should be settled with me." He ordered Mangudai and Sodu to lodge and restrain him. He ordered Cheng Pengfei and Hong Shuangshou with Jia Yuqing to exchange the Song emperor's memorial removing the imperial title for the surrender form. On jichou the army encamped at Huzhou north of Lin'an. He sent Commander Nangiyadai and others to court with the Song imperial seal.

庚寅，伯顏建大將旗鼓，率左右翼萬戶，巡臨安城，觀潮於浙江。暮還湖州市，宋宗室大臣皆來見。辛卯，萬戶張弘范、郎中孟祺同程鵬飛，以所易降表及宋主、謝後諭未附州郡手詔至軍前。令鎮撫唐古歹罷文天祥所招募義兵二萬餘人。壬辰，伯顏登獅子峰，觀臨安形勢。命唆都撫諭軍民，部分諸將，共守其城，護其宮。癸巳，謝後復使人來勞問，仍以溫言慰遣之。甲午，分置其三衙諸司兵於各翼，以俟調遣；其生募等軍，願歸者聽。分遣蕭郁、王世英等，招諭衢、信諸州。二月丁酉，遣劉頡等往淮西招夏貴，仍遣別將徇地浙東、西，於是知嚴州方回、知婺州劉怡、知台州楊必大、知處州梁椅，並以城降。

On gengyin Bayan raised the great general's drums and banners, led the wing commanders to tour Lin'an, and watched the tide on the Zhe River. At evening he returned to Huzhou; Song imperial clan ministers came to meet. On xinmao Zhang Hongfan and Secretary Meng Qi with Cheng Pengfei brought the exchanged surrender memorial and hand edicts of the Song ruler and Empress Dowager Xie to the camp. He ordered Pacification Commissioner Tangudai to disband more than twenty thousand volunteers Wen Tianxiang had raised. On renchen Bayan climbed Lion Peak to survey Lin'an. He ordered Sodu to pacify the people, assigned generals to guard the city and protect the palace. On guisi the empress dowager sent courteous inquiries again and was again comforted and dismissed with gentle words. On jiawu he placed Three Yamen guards and office troops in the wings to await orders; recruited troops who wished to go home were permitted. He sent Xiao Yu and Wang Shiying to summon Qu and Xin prefectures. In the second month, on dingyou, he sent Liu Yan to summon Xia Gui and other columns through east and west Zhe; Yanzhou's Fang Hui, Wuzhou's Liu Yi, Taizhou's Yang Bida, and Chuzhou's Liang Yi surrendered.

命右丞張惠，參政阿剌罕、董文炳、呂文煥入見謝後，宣佈德意，以慰諭之。辛丑，宋主率文武百僚，望闕拜發降表。伯顏承制，以臨安為兩浙大都督府，忙古歹、範文虎入治府事。復命張惠、阿剌罕、董文炳、呂文煥等入城，籍其軍民錢谷之數，閱實倉庫，收百官誥命、符印圖籍，悉罷宋官府。取宋主居之別室。分遣新附官招諭湖南北、兩廣、四川未下州郡。部分諸將，分屯要害，仍禁人不得侵壞宋氏山陵。是日，進軍浙江之滸，潮不至者三日，人以為天助。

He ordered Right Chancellor Zhang Hui and councillors Alahan, Dong Wenbing, and Lü Wenhuan to meet the empress dowager and proclaim the court's virtue. On xinchou the Song emperor led civil and military officials to bow toward the palace gate and present the surrender memorial. By imperial order Bayan made Lin'an the Grand Commandery of Two Zhe; Mangudai and Fan Wenhu entered to govern. He again sent Zhang Hui, Alahan, Dong Wenbing, and Lü Wenhuan into the city to register troops, people, and stores, verify warehouses, collect patents and registers, and abolish Song offices. The Song emperor was lodged in a separate chamber. He sent newly submitted officials to summon remaining prefectures in Hunan, Hubei, the two Guang, and Sichuan. He posted generals at key points and forbade harm to Song imperial tombs. That day the army marched to the Zhe shore; for three days the tide did not rise—men called it Heaven's aid.

癸卯，謝後命吳堅、賈余慶、謝堂、家鉉翁、劉岊與文天祥並為祈請使，楊應奎、趙若秀為奉表押璽官，赴闕請命。伯顏拜表稱賀曰：

On guimao the empress dowager named Wu Jian, Jia Yuqing, Xie Tang, Jia Qianweng, Liu Bi, and Wen Tianxiang envoys praying for orders, with Yang Yingkui and Zhao Ruoxiu bearing the memorial and seal to court. Bayan memorialized in congratulation:

臣伯顏言：國家之業大一統，海嶽必明主之歸；帝王之兵出萬全，蠻夷敢天威之抗。始干戈之爰及，迄文軌之會同。區宇一清，普天均慶。臣伯顏等誠歡誠忭，頓首頓首，恭惟皇帝陛下，道光五葉，統接千齡。梯航日出之邦，冠帶月支之域；際丹崖而述職，奄瀚海而為家。獨此島夷，弗遵聲教，謂江湖可以保逆命，舟楫可以敵王師。連兵負固，逾四十年，背德食言，難一二計。當聖主飛渡江南之日，遣行人乞為城下之盟。逮凱奏之言旋，輒詐謀之復肆。拘囚我信使，忘乾坤再造之恩；招納我叛臣，盜漣海三城之地。我是以有六載襄樊之討，彼居然無一介行李之來。禍既出於自求，怒致聞於斯赫。臣伯顏等，肅將禁旅，恭行天誅。爰從襄漢之上流，復出武昌之故渡。籓屏一空于江表，烽煙直接於錢塘。尚無度德量力之心，薦有殺使毀書之事。屬廟謨之親廩，謂根本之宜先。乃命阿剌罕取道於獨松，董文炳進師於海渚，臣與阿塔海忝司中閫，直指偽都。掎角之勢既成，水陸之師並進。常州已下，列郡傳檄而悉平；臨安為期，諸將連營而畢會。彼知窮蹙，迭致哀鳴。始則有為侄納幣之祈，次則有稱籓奉璽之請。顧甘言何益於實事，率銳卒直抵於近郊。召來用事之大臣，放散思歸之衛士。崛強心在，四郊之橫草都無；飛走計窮，一片之降幡始豎。其宋國主已於二月初五日，望闕拜伏歸附訖。所有倉廩府庫，封籍待命外，臣奉揚寬大，撫戢吏民，九衢之市肆不移，一代之繁華如故。茲惟睿算，卓冠前王，視萬里如目前，運天下於掌上。致令臣等，獲對明時，歌《七德》以告成，深切龍庭之想，上萬年而為壽，敬陳虎拜之詞。臣伯顏等無任瞻天望聖激切屏營之至，謹奉表稱賀以聞。

Your subject Bayan states: the state's enterprise is great unity; seas and mountains must return to a bright lord; the emperor's army advances in perfect safety; barbarians dare resist Heaven's majesty. From the first taking up of arms until writing and chariot tracks were united, the realm was cleared and all under Heaven rejoiced alike. We your subjects Bayan and others rejoice and tremble, bowing again and again before Your Majesty, whose Way shines through five generations and whose succession joins a thousand ages. Ladder-ships from lands of the rising sun and cap-and-girdle realms of the moon's branch; at the red cliffs they presented duty until the vast sea became home. Only this island people would not follow the transforming teaching, saying rivers and lakes could preserve rebellion and boats could oppose the royal army. They bore arms and relied on strength for more than forty years, repeatedly breaking faith beyond counting. When the sage lord crossed the Yangtze they sent envoys begging peace beneath the walls. When victory was reported they again plotted deceit. They imprisoned our envoys, forgetting grace at Heaven and Earth's renewal; they harbored our defectors and stole the three cities of Lianhai. Therefore came the six-year campaign of Xiang and Fan; they still sent not a single bag of tribute. Disaster came from their own seeking; wrath blazed at the news. We your subjects Bayan and others reverently lead the forbidden army and execute Heaven's punishment. Starting from the upper Xiang and Han, we again issued from Wuchang's old crossing. Screens south of the river were emptied; beacon fires reached Qiantang. Still they would not measure virtue against strength, and again killed envoys and burned letters. The temple plans stored grain in person, saying the root must come first. Alahan was ordered by Dusong; Dong Wenbing advanced from the sea; your subject with Atahai managed the center, pointing at the false capital. The pincer was formed; land and water advanced together. Below Changzhou commanderies surrendered at proclamation; Lin'an on schedule—all generals' camps met at last. Knowing extremity, they sent pitiful cries again and again. First they pleaded to be nephew and offer tribute; next to be vassal and present the seal. Sweet words availed nothing; sharp troops were led to the suburbs. They summoned ministers in office and released guards who wished to return. Stubborn hearts remained, yet on four sides no rank grass of resistance stood; flight and running exhausted—a single sheet of surrender banner rose at last. The Song emperor on the second month's fifth day had already bowed toward the palace gate and submitted. Apart from granaries and treasuries sealed awaiting orders, your subject displayed leniency and pacified officials and people; the nine streets' markets did not shift and a generation's splendor remained. Now only the sage calculation towers above former kings, seeing ten thousand li as before the eyes and moving the realm in the palm. Therefore we obtained to face the bright age, singing the 'Seven Virtues' to report completion, longing for the dragon court, offering ten thousand years, respectfully presenting praise on bended knee. Your subjects Bayan and others, gazing at Heaven and the sage with urgent joy, respectfully present this memorial of congratulation.

戊申，堅等發臨安，堂不行。癸丑，宋福王與芮奉書于伯顏，辭甚懇切，伯顏曰：「爾國既以歸降，南北共為一家，王勿疑，宜速來，同預大事。」且遣迓之。戊午，夏貴以淮西降。庚申，命囊加歹傳旨，召伯顏偕宋君臣入朝。三月丁卯，伯顏入臨安，俾郎中孟祺籍其禮樂祭器、冊寶、儀仗、圖書。庚午，囊加歹至。甲戌，與芮來。伯顏議以阿剌罕、董文炳留治行省事，以經略閩、粵；忙古歹以都督鎮浙西；唆都以宣撫使鎮浙東；唐兀歹、李庭護送宋君臣北上。乙亥，伯顏發臨安。丁丑，阿塔海等宣詔，趣宋主、母后入覲，聽詔畢，即日俱出宮，惟謝後以疾獨留，隆國夫人黃氏、宮人從行者百餘人，福王與芮、沂王乃猷、謝堂、楊鎮而下，官屬從行者數千人，三學之士數百人。宋主求見，伯顏曰：「未入朝，無相見之禮。」

On wushen Jian and others left Lin'an; Xie Tang would not go. On guichou the Song Prince of Fu Ruirui wrote earnestly to Bayan, who said, "Your realm has submitted and north and south are one family—do not doubt; come quickly and share in great affairs." He also sent men to welcome him. On wuwu Xia Gui submitted Huai-Xi. On gengshen he ordered Nangiyadai to summon Bayan with the Song ruler and ministers to court. In the third month, on dingmao, Bayan entered Lin'an and had Secretary Meng Qi register ritual vessels, music, registers, seals, regalia, maps, and books. On gengwu Nangiyadai arrived. On jiaxu Ruirui came. Bayan planned to leave Alahan and Dong Wenbing to manage the mobile Secretariat and plan Fujian and Guangdong; Mangudai as grand commander to garrison western Zhe; Sodu as commissioner to garrison eastern Zhe; Tangudai and Li Ting to escort the Song court north. On yihai Bayan left Lin'an. On dingchou Atahai proclaimed the edict summoning the Song emperor and empress dowager to court; they left the palace that day—only the empress dowager remained ill; Lady Huang of Longguo, palace women, and more than a hundred followers; Prince Ruirui, Prince Naiyou, Xie Tang, Yang Zhen, thousands of officials, and hundreds of academy scholars went north. The Song emperor asked to meet; Bayan said, "Before entering court there is no protocol for meeting."

五月乙未，伯顏以宋主至上都，世祖禦大安閣受朝，降授宋主鳷開府儀同三司、檢校大司徒，封瀛國公。宋平，得府三十七、州百二十八、關監二、縣七百三十三。命伯顏告于天地宗廟，大赦天下。帝勞伯顏，伯顏再拜謝曰：「奉陛下成算，阿術效力，臣何功之有。」復拜同知樞密院，賜銀鼠青鼠只孫二十襲。裨校有功者百二十三人，賞銀有差。

In the fifth month, on yiwei, Bayan brought the Song emperor to Shangdu; Kublai received audience in the Great Peace Pavilion, reduced him to Commissioner with the Golden Seal, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, Inspector Grand Marshal, and enfeoffed him Duke of Ying. With Song pacified there were thirty-seven prefectures, one hundred twenty-eight districts, two passes, and seven hundred thirty-three counties. Bayan was ordered to report to the temples of Heaven, Earth, and ancestors; a great amnesty was proclaimed. The emperor comforted Bayan; Bayan bowed and said, "Following Your Majesty's plan, Aju exerted strength—what merit have I?" He was again made Vice-Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and given twenty robes of silver-mouse and blue-mouse zisun. One hundred twenty-three meritorious deputy commanders received silver in varying amounts.

初，海都稱兵內向，詔以右丞相安童佐皇子北平王那木罕，統諸軍于阿力麻裏備之。十四年，諸王昔裏吉劫北平王，拘安童，脅宗王以叛，命伯顏率師討之，與其眾遇于斡魯歡河，夾水而陣，相持終日，俟其懈，麾軍為兩隊，掩其不備，破之，昔裏吉走死。十八年二月，世祖命燕王撫軍北邊，以伯顏從，仍諭之曰：「伯顏才兼將相，忠於所事，故俾從汝，不可以常人遇之。」燕王每與論事，尊禮有加。是歲，頒群臣食邑，詔益以藤州等處四千九百七十七戶。

Earlier Haidu had raised troops inward; Antong was ordered to assist Prince of Beiping Nayan commanding armies at Alimali against him. In year fourteen Prince Shiregi seized Beiping Prince, detained Antong, and forced clans to rebel; Bayan was ordered to punish them; at the Orqon they faced each other a day; when they slackened he split the army, surprised them, broke them, and Shiregi fled to his death. In the eighteenth year's second month Kublai ordered the Prince of Yan to pacify the north with Bayan following, saying, "Bayan combines general and minister and is loyal—do not treat him as an ordinary man." Whenever the Prince of Yan discussed affairs he honored Bayan especially. That year when enfeoffments were distributed, an edict added Tengzhou and other places totaling four thousand nine hundred seventy-seven households.

伯顏之取宋而還也，詔百官郊迎以勞之，平章阿合馬先百官半舍道謁，伯顏解所服玉鉤絛遺之，且曰：「宋寶玉固多，吾實無所取，勿以此為薄也。」阿合馬謂其輕己，思中傷之，乃誣以平宋時取其玉桃盞，帝命按之，無驗，遂釋之，復其任。阿合馬既死，有獻此盞者，帝愕然曰：「幾陷我忠良！」別吉裏迷失嘗誣伯顏以死罪，未幾，以它罪誅，敕伯顏臨視，伯顏與之酒，愴然不顧而返。世祖問其故，對曰：「彼自有罪，以臣臨之，人將不知天誅之公也。」

When Bayan returned from conquering Song, officials were ordered to welcome him from the suburbs. Grand Councillor Ahmad met him half a stage ahead; Bayan gave him the jade belt-hook he wore, saying, "Song had many treasures—I took none; do not think this slight." Ahmad thought himself slighted and plotted harm, falsely accusing Bayan of taking a jade peach cup in pacifying Song; investigation found nothing and Bayan was restored. After Ahmad died someone presented the cup; the emperor said in astonishment, "I nearly harmed a loyal man!" Begleri had once accused Bayan of a capital crime; soon he was executed for another offense; the emperor ordered Bayan to witness it; Bayan gave him wine, then turned away grieving. Kublai asked why; he replied, "He had his own crime—if I oversee it, people will not know Heaven's punishment is just."

二十二年秋，宗王阿只吉失律，詔伯顏代總其軍。先是，邊兵嘗乏食，伯顏令軍中采蔑怯葉兒及蓿敦之根貯之，人四斛，草粒稱是，盛冬雨雪，人馬賴以不饑。又令軍士有捕塔剌不歡之獸而食者，積其皮至萬，人莫知其意。既而遣使輦至京師，帝笑曰：「伯顏以邊地寒，軍士無衣，欲易吾繒帛耳。」遂賜以衣。二十四年春二月，或告乃顏反，詔伯顏窺覘之，乃多載衣裘入其境，輒以與驛人。既至，乃顏為設宴，謀執之，伯顏覺，與其從者趨出，分三道逸去。驛人以得衣裘故，爭獻健馬，遂得脫，馳還白狀。夏四月，乃顏反，從世祖親征。奏李庭、董士選將漢軍，得以漢法戰。乃顏之党金家奴、塔不歹進逼乘輿，漢軍力戰，乃皆潰，卒擒乃顏。二十六年，進金紫光祿大夫、知樞密院事，出鎮和林，和林置知院，自伯顏始。

In the twenty-second year's autumn Prince Ajigi lost discipline; Bayan was ordered to take overall command of his army. Earlier border troops had sometimes lacked food; Bayan ordered gathering mianqie leaves and mudu roots—four hu per man—and in deep winter snow men and horses did not hunger. He also ordered soldiers who caught talabuqan beasts to eat them and pile skins to ten thousand—no one knew why. Later he sent the skins to the capital; the emperor laughed, "Bayan, finding the border cold and troops without clothes, wished to trade for our silks—that is all." Clothes were then bestowed. In the twenty-fourth year's second spring someone reported Nayan's rebellion; Bayan was ordered to reconnoiter, carrying many fur coats and giving them to post-house men. When he arrived Nayan feasted him and plotted seizure; Bayan perceived it and fled with followers in three routes. Post-house men, having received furs, vied to offer strong horses; he escaped and galloped back to report. In the fourth summer month Nayan rebelled; Bayan followed Kublai on the personal campaign. He memorialized Li Ting and Dong Shixuan to command Han troops to fight by Han methods. Nayan's party Jinjianu and Tabudai pressed the imperial carriage; Han troops fought fiercely, all collapsed, and Nayan was captured. In year twenty-six he was promoted Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Bright Light, directed the Bureau of Military Affairs, and garrisoned Qara-qorum—the director's post there began with Bayan.

二十九年秋，宗王明理鐵木兒挾海都以叛，詔伯顏討之，相值于阿撒忽禿嶺，矢下如雨，眾軍莫敢登，伯顏令之曰：「汝寒君衣之，汝饑君食之，政欲效力於此時爾。於此不勉，將何以報！」麾諸軍進，後者斬，伯顏先登陷陣，諸軍望風爭奮，大破之。明裏鐵木兒挺身走，命速哥、梯迷禿兒等追之。伯顏引軍夜還，至必失禿，卒遇伏兵，伯顏堅壁不動，黎明，遂引去。伯顏輕騎追至別竭兒，速哥、梯迷禿兒等兵亦至，乃夾擊之，斬首二千級，俘其餘眾以歸。諸將言：古禮，兵勝必祃旗於所征之地。欲用囚虜為牲，伯顏不可，眾皆嘆服。軍中獲諜者，忻都欲殺之，伯顏不許，厚賜之，遣齎書諭明裏鐵木兒以禍福，明裏鐵木兒得書感泣，以眾來歸。未幾，海都復犯邊，伯顏留拒之。廷臣有譖伯顏久居北邊，與海都通好，仍保守，無尺寸之獲者，詔以御史大夫玉昔帖木兒代之，居伯顏于大同，以俟後命。玉昔帖木兒未至三驛，會海都兵復至，伯顏遣人語玉昔帖木兒曰：「公姑止，待我翦此寇而來，未晚也。」伯顏與海都兵交，且戰且卻，凡七日，諸將以為怯，憤曰：「果懼戰，何不授軍于大夫！」伯顏曰：「海都縣軍涉吾地，邀之則遁，誘其深入，一戰可擒也。諸軍必欲速戰，若失海都，誰任其咎？」諸將曰：「請任之。」即還軍擊敗之，海都果脫去。乃召玉昔帖木兒至軍，授以印而行。時成宗以皇孫奉詔撫軍北邊，舉酒以餞曰：「公去，將何以教我？」伯顏舉所酌酒曰：「可慎者，惟此與女色耳。軍中固當嚴紀律，而恩德不可偏廢。冬夏營駐，循舊為便。」成宗悉從之。

In the twenty-ninth year's autumn Prince Mingli Timur backed Haidu; Bayan was ordered against him; at Asaqutul arrows fell like rain; Bayan told the troops, "The ruler clothes you when cold and feeds you when hungry—serve now. If you do not strive here, how will you repay?" He waved the armies forward—stragglers were beheaded—Bayan climbed first and broke the line; troops vied in valor and routed them. Mingli Timur fled; he ordered Suge and Timur Tului to pursue. Bayan led the army back by night; at Beshbaliq he met ambush, held firm without moving, and at dawn withdrew. With light horse he pursued to Biejie'er; Suge and Timur Tului arrived; they attacked both sides, cut two thousand heads, captured the rest, and returned. Generals said that by ancient ritual victory required offering captured flags in conquered land. They wished to use captives as victims; Bayan refused and all admired him. A spy was taken; Xindu wished to kill him; Bayan richly rewarded him and sent a letter on fortune and disaster; Mingli Timur wept and submitted with his host. Before long Haidu again invaded the border; Bayan remained to resist. Court ministers slandered that Bayan long on the northern border was friendly with Haidu and gained no territory; Censor-in-Chief Yusip Temür replaced him and Bayan was stationed at Datong awaiting orders. Yusip Temür had not reached the third post when Haidu came again; Bayan sent word, "Halt—let me cut down this bandit first; it is not late." Bayan fought Haidu seven days, retreating while fighting; generals thought him timid and said angrily, "If you fear battle, give the army to the censor!" Bayan said, "Haidu crosses our land—intercept and he flees; lure him deep and one battle captures him. You insist on quick battle—if Haidu escapes, who bears blame?" Generals said, "We take responsibility." He turned the army and defeated them; Haidu escaped. He then summoned Yusip Temür, handed over the seal, and departed. Chengzong as imperial grandson was ordered to pacify the northern army; raising a cup to send Bayan off he said, "When you go, what will you teach me?" Bayan raised his cup and said, "Guard only this and women's beauty. In camp discipline must be strict, yet favor must not be wholly abandoned. Winter and summer camps—follow the old ways." Chengzong followed all of this.

三十年冬十二月，驛召至自大同，世祖不豫。明年正月，世祖崩，伯顏總百官以聽。兵馬司請日出鳴晨鐘，日入鳴昏鐘，以防變故，伯顏呵之曰：「汝將為賊邪！其一如平日。」適有盜內府銀者，宰執以其幸赦而盜，欲誅之，伯顏曰：「何時無盜，今以誰命而誅之？」人皆服其有識。成宗即位於上都之大安閣，親王有違言，伯顏握劍立殿陛，陳祖宗寶訓，宣揚顧命，述所以立成宗之意，辭色俱厲，諸王股栗，趨殿下拜。五月，拜開府儀同三司、太傅、錄軍國重事，依前知樞密院事，賜金銀各有差。時相有忌之者，伯顏語之曰：「幸送我兩罌美酒，與諸王飲于宮前，餘非所知也。」江南三省累請罷行樞密院，成宗問于伯顏，時已屬疾，張目對曰：「內而省、院各置為宜，外而軍、民分隸不便。」成宗是之，三院遂罷。冬十二月丙申，有大星隕于東北。己亥，雨木冰。庚子，伯顏薨，年五十九。

In the thirtieth year's twelfth winter he was summoned by post from Datong; Kublai was unwell. In the next year's first month Kublai died; Bayan directed all officials in government. The Horse and Arms Office asked to sound morning and evening bells against trouble; Bayan shouted, "Will you be rebels! Let it be as on ordinary days. Let it be as on ordinary days." A thief stole silver from the inner treasury; ministers, expecting amnesty, wished to execute him; Bayan said, "When are there no thieves—on whose authority execute now?" All admired his judgment. Chengzong was enthroned at Shangdu's Great Peace Pavilion; princes murmured; Bayan grasped a sword on the palace steps, stated ancestral instructions and the testament, explained Chengzong's establishment with stern words and color, and princes trembled and bowed below the steps. In the fifth month he was appointed Commissioner with the Golden Seal, Grand Preceptor, Recorder of State Affairs, still directing the Bureau of Military Affairs, with gold and silver bestowed. A colleague envied him; Bayan said, "Fortune sends me two jars of fine wine for the princes before the palace—beyond that I know nothing." Jiangnan's three provinces repeatedly asked to abolish the mobile Bureau; Chengzong asked Bayan, already ill, who opened his eyes and said, "Within, separate Secretariat and Bureau; without, splitting army and people is inconvenient." Chengzong approved and the three bureaus were abolished. In the twelfth month, on bingchen, a great star fell in the northeast. On jihai rain froze on trees. On gengzi Bayan died at fifty-nine.

伯顏深略善斷，將二十萬眾伐宋，若將一人，諸帥仰之若神明。畢事還朝，歸裝惟衣被而已，未嘗言功也。大德八年，特贈宣忠佐命開濟功臣、太師、開府儀同三司，追封淮安王，諡忠武。至正四年，加贈宣忠佐命開濟翊戴功臣，進封淮王，餘如故。

Bayan was deep in strategy and decisive; commanding two hundred thousand against Song he moved them as one man—commanders looked to him as to a spirit. When the campaign ended his baggage was only clothes and bedding; he never spoke of merit. In Dade year eight he was posthumously enfeoffed Merit Minister Who Opens Loyalty and Aids the Mandate, Grand Preceptor, Commissioner with the Golden Seal, Prince of Huai'an, posthumous title Zhongwu. In Zhizheng year four he was further enfeoffed Merit Minister Who Opens Loyalty, Aids the Mandate, and Supports the Throne, advanced to Prince of Huai, the rest unchanged.

子買的，僉樞密院事；囊加歹，樞密副使。孫相嘉失禮，同僉樞密院事、集賢學士。至治末，省先塋于白只剌山，聞有變，赴上都，或勸少避之，曰：「我與國同休戚，今有難，可避乎！」至上都，果見囚。久之得釋，尋拜河南江北行省平章政事，遷江南行台御史大夫。曾孫普達失理，皆能世其家。

His son Maidi was Vice-Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs; Nangiyadai was Vice-Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. His grandson Xiangjia Shili was Vice-Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Academician of the Hall of Gathered Excellence. At Zhizhi's end he visited ancestral graves at Baizhila Mountain; hearing trouble he hurried to Shangdu; some urged avoidance; he said, "I share weal and woe with the state—can I avoid difficulty now?" Reaching Shangdu he was indeed imprisoned. After long imprisonment he was released, soon made Grand Councillor of the Henan-Jiangbei mobile Secretariat, then transferred Grand Censor of the Jiangnan Branch Secretariat. His great-grandson Puda Shili—all were able to carry on the family line.

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