1
察罕，西域板勒紇城人也。 父伯德那，歲庚辰，國兵下西域，舉族來歸。 事親王旭烈，授河東民賦副緫管，因居河中猗氏縣，後徙解州。 贈榮祿大夫、宣徽使、柱國、芮國公。
Chahan was a native of Banshilahe in the Western Regions. His father Berdena had led the entire clan over in submission when the imperial armies swept the Western Regions in the gengchen year (1240). Serving Prince Xulie, he received appointment as deputy chief commissioner of the Hedong civilian tax levy; his household settled in Yishi county in Hezhong and later moved to Jie prefecture. He was posthumously ennobled as Grand Master for Glorious Happiness and Commissioner of the Palace Secretariat, made a Pillar of the State, and created Duke of Rui.
2
察罕魁偉穎悟，博覽強記，通諸國字書，為行軍府奧魯千戶。 奧魯赤參政湖廣，辟為蒙古都萬戶府知事。 奧魯赤進平章，復辟為理問，政事悉委裁決，且令諸子受學焉。 至元二十四年，從鎮南王征安南，師次瀘江。 安南世子遣其叔父詣軍門自陳無罪，王命察罕數其罪而責之，使者辭屈，世子舉衆逃去。 二十八年，授樞密院經歷。 未幾從奧魯赤移治江西。 寧都民言：「某鄉石上雲氣五色，有物焉，視之玉璽也。 不以兵取，恐為居人所有。」 衆惑之。 察罕曰：「妄也，是必搆害仇家者。」 覈問之果然。 前後從奧魯赤出入湖廣、江西兩省，凡二十一年，多著勳績。
Chahan was imposing in stature and sharp of mind, a wide reader with a formidable memory who mastered the written languages of many realms; he held the post of chiliarch of the campaigning army's ordu. When Oljei took up office as Huguang regional councilor, he recruited Chahan as director of affairs in the Mongol Chief Ten-Thousand Households Office. After Oljei advanced to grand councillor, he again brought Chahan in as judicial intendant, leaving the full weight of administrative decisions to his judgment and setting his own sons to study under him. In 1287 he followed the Prince of Zhennan against Annam, the expedition halting at the Lu River. Annam's heir sent his uncle to the camp to plead their innocence; the prince ordered Chahan to itemize their offenses and rebuke them. When the envoy could find no reply, the heir broke camp and fled with his troops. In 1291 he was appointed secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Before long he accompanied Oljei when his administration was transferred to Jiangxi. People in Ningdu reported: "In one village, five-colored vapors hover over a stone, and something on it looks, upon inspection, like a jade imperial seal. Unless troops are sent to seize it, the locals may claim it for themselves." The populace was thrown into confusion. Chahan said: "This is sheer fabrication—someone is surely framing a rival household." Investigation confirmed it at once. Over twenty-one years he followed Oljei between Huguang and Jiangxi, compiling a long record of distinguished service.
3
成宗大德四年，御史臺奏僉湖南憲司事，中書省奏為武昌路治中。 丞相哈剌哈孫曰：「察罕廉潔，固宜居風憲。 然武昌大郡，非斯人不可治。」 竟除武昌。 廣西妖賊高仙道以左道惑衆，平民詿誤者以數千計。 既敗，湖廣行省命察罕與憲司雜治之，鞫得其情，議誅首惡數人，餘悉縱遣，且焚其籍。 衆難之。 察罕曰：「吾獨當其責，諸君無累也。」 以治最聞，擢河南省郎中。
In 1300 the Censorate recommended him for the Hunan surveillance commission, while the Central Secretariat proposed him as administrative vice-commissioner of Wuchang circuit. Chief Councillor Harqasun said: "Chahan is incorruptible and well suited to censorial duty. Yet Wuchang is a great commandery—no one but he can govern it properly." In the end he was appointed to Wuchang. In Guangxi the sorcerer-rebel Gao Xiandao led crowds astray with heterodox teachings, and thousands of commoners were drawn in through deception. After the rebels were crushed, the Huguang Branch Secretariat ordered Chahan and the surveillance officials to try the cases together. Once the facts were established, he proposed executing only the chief culprits, releasing everyone else, and burning the registers. His colleagues objected. Chahan said: "I alone will answer for this—none of you need fear repercussions." His administration won the highest repute, and he was promoted to director in the Henan Secretariat.
4
成宗崩，仁宗自藩邸入誅群臣之為異謀者，迎武宗于邊。 河南平章囊加台薦察罕，即驛召至上都，賜廄馬二匹、鈔一千貫、銀五十兩，曰：「卿少留，行用卿矣。」 武宗即位，立仁宗為皇太子，授察罕詹事院判，進僉詹事院事，賜銀百兩、錦二匹。 遣先還大都立院事。 仁宗至，謂曰：「上以故安西王地賜我，置都緫管府，卿其領之，慎揀僚屬，勿以詹事位高不屑此也。 進卿秩資德大夫。」 察罕叩頭謝曰：「都府之職，敢不恭命，進秩非所敢當。」 固辭，改正奉大夫，授以銀印。
When Chengzong died, Renzong left his princely residence to execute ministers implicated in treasonous designs and went to the frontier to welcome Wuzong. Nangatai, grand councillor of Henan, recommended Chahan, who was summoned by urgent relay to Shangdu and given two stable horses, a thousand strings of paper money, and fifty taels of silver, with the message: "Remain a while longer—I shall soon put you to work." When Wuzong ascended the throne he named Renzong crown prince, appointed Chahan vice-director of the Household of the Heir Apparent, then promoted him to associate director of that office, and granted him a hundred taels of silver and two lengths of brocade. Chahan was sent ahead to Dadu to set the household administration in order. When Renzong arrived he told him: "The emperor has granted me the former Anxi princely domains and established a metropolitan chief commissioner's office—take charge of it. Choose your staff with care, and do not scorn the post because your rank in the heir's household is lofty. I shall advance your rank to Grand Master of Virtuous Merit." Chahan kowtowed and replied: "The metropolitan office—I dare not refuse your command; but the promotion in rank is more than I may accept." He firmly declined, and his rank was set at Grand Master of Proper Service instead, with a silver seal conferred upon him.
5
仁宗即位，拜中書參知政事，但緫持綱維，不屑細務，識者謂得大臣體。 帝嘗賜枸杞酒，曰：「以益卿壽。」 又語宰相曰：「察罕清素，可賜金束帶、鈔萬貫。」 前後賞賚不可勝計。 皇慶元年，進榮祿大夫、平章政事、商議中書省事。 乞歸解州立碑先塋，許之。 暮年，居德安白雲山別墅，以白雲自號。 嘗入見，帝望見曰：「白雲先生來也。」 其被寵遇如此。 帝嘗問張良何如人，對曰：「佐高帝，興漢，功成身退，賢者也。」 又問狄仁傑，對曰：「當唐室中衰，能卒保社稷，亦賢相也。」 因誦范仲淹所撰碑詞甚熟。 帝歎息良久曰：「察罕博學如此邪。」 嘗譯貞觀政要以獻。 帝大悅，詔繕寫遍賜左右。 且詔譯帝範。 又命譯脫必赤顏名曰聖武開天紀，及紀年纂要、太宗平金始末等書，俱付史館。 嘗以病請告，暨還朝，帝御萬歲山圓殿，與平章李孟入謝。 帝曰：「白雲病愈邪？」 頓首對曰：「老臣衰病，無補聖明，荷陛下哀矜，放歸田里，幸甚，不覺沉痾去體爾。」 命賜茵以坐。 顧李孟曰：「知止不辱，今見其人。 朕始以荅剌罕、不憐吉台、囊加台等言用之，誠多裨益。 有言察罕不善者，其人即非善人也。」 又語及科舉并前古帝王賜姓命氏之事，因賜察罕姓白氏。
When Renzong ascended the throne, Chahan was made associate grand councillor of the Central Secretariat. He held to the broad outlines of policy and disdained petty detail, and observers said he had the bearing of a true statesman. The emperor once gave him wolfberry wine, saying: "To add years to your life." He also told the chief ministers: "Chahan lives plainly and without corruption—grant him a gold belt and ten thousand strings of paper money." Rewards bestowed upon him before and after were beyond reckoning. In 1312 he was promoted to Grand Master for Glorious Happiness, grand councillor, and commissioner for deliberation on Central Secretariat affairs. He asked leave to return to Jie prefecture and set up a stele at his family's burial ground; the request was granted. In his later years he lived at a villa on White Cloud Mountain in De'an and styled himself Master White Cloud. Once when he came to audience, the emperor caught sight of him and said: "Master White Cloud has arrived." Such was the degree of favor he enjoyed. The emperor once asked what manner of man Zhang Liang had been; he answered: "He aided the High Emperor, raised Han to power, and withdrew once his work was done—a man of true merit." Asked about Di Renjie, he replied: "When the Tang house was in decline, he was able in the end to preserve the realm—another worthy minister." He then recited from memory, with great fluency, the stele inscription Fan Zhongyan had composed. The emperor sighed at length and said: "Chahan's learning runs this deep!" He once translated the Essentials of Government in the Zhenguan Reign and presented it to the throne. The emperor was delighted and ordered copies made and distributed throughout the court. He also ordered the Models for Emperors to be rendered into Mongolian. He further ordered the translation of the Tobchiyan under the title Records of the Sagely Martial Opening of Heaven, along with the Compendium of Chronology, the Complete Account of Taizong's Pacification of Jin, and other works, all of which were deposited in the Historiography Institute. Once, after requesting sick leave, he returned to court; the emperor received audience in the round hall on Longevity Mountain, and Chahan entered with Grand Councillor Li Meng to give thanks. The emperor said: "Has Master White Cloud recovered?" He kowtowed and answered: "Your old servant's failing health can no longer serve your enlightened rule. I am deeply grateful that Your Majesty in compassion released me to the countryside—so fortunate am I that my lingering illness has left me without my noticing." He was told to sit on a cushion provided for him. Turning to Li Meng he said: "To know when to stop and so avoid disgrace—today I see such a man. At first I put him to use on the advice of Darqan, Bolinjigai, Nangatai, and others, and he has indeed been of great benefit. Whoever speaks ill of Chahan is no good man himself." He also spoke of the civil examinations and of how ancient emperors bestowed surnames and clan names, and on that account granted Chahan the surname Bai.
6
初，察罕生於河中，其夜，天氣清肅，月白如晝。 相者賀曰：「是兒必貴。」 國人謂白為察罕，故名察罕。 察罕天性孝友，田宅之在河中者，悉分與諸昆弟。 昆弟貧來歸者，復分與田宅奴婢，縱奴為民者甚衆。 故人多稱長者。 既致仕，優游八年，以壽終。
When Chahan was born in Hezhong, the night was clear and still, and the moon shone white as day. A physiognomist offered congratulations: "This child is destined for greatness." In their tongue "white" is chahan, and so he was given the name Chahan. By nature Chahan was filial and brotherly; he divided all his fields and houses in Hezhong among his brothers. When brothers came home in poverty he again shared out land, houses, and bondsmen, and he freed a great many slaves to commoner status. For this reason many called him a man of true stature. After retirement he lived at ease for eight years and died at a full age.
7
子外家奴，太中大夫、武岡路緫管； 李家奴，早卒； 忽都篤，承直郎、高郵府判官。 孫九人，仕者二人：闊闊不花、哈撒。
His son Waijianu served as Grand Master of the Palace and chief commissioner of Wugang circuit; Lijianu died young; Hutudu held the rank of Gentleman for Upholding Integrity and served as assistant prefect of Gaoyou. He had nine grandsons, of whom two held office: Kuokuobuhua and Hasa.
8
曲樞，西土人。 曾祖達不台，祖阿達台，父質理花台，世贈功臣，追封王爵。
Qushu was a native of the Western Regions. His great-grandfather was Tabutai, his grandfather Adatai, and his father Zhilihuatai; for generations the family received posthumous honors as meritorious ministers and princely enfeoffments.
9
曲樞七歲失怙恃。 既壯，沉密靜專，為徽仁裕聖皇太后宮臣。 仁宗幼時，以曲樞可任保傅，左右擁翼。 曲樞入則佐視食飲，出則抱負游衍，鞠躬盡力，夙夜匪懈。 大德三年，武宗緫戎北邊。 九年，讒人亂國。 仁宗侍皇太后之國于懷，未幾，復之雲中，連年奔走不暇。 曲樞櫛風沐雨，跋涉艱險，無倦色。
Qushu lost both parents when he was seven. When he came of age he was grave, reserved, and steadfast, and entered service as a palace attendant to the Empress Dowager of Sagely Benevolence and Abundant Sagacity. In Renzong's youth Qushu was judged fit to serve as guardian and tutor and attended him closely on either hand. Within the palace Qushu helped oversee his meals; outside he carried and guided him in his walks and play, bending every effort and never slackening day or night. In 1299 Wuzong took command of the northern armies. In 1305 slanderers threw the state into turmoil. Renzong accompanied the empress dowager to her fief in Huai; before long they were back in Yunzhong, and for years they were constantly on the move without respite. Qushu braved wind and rain, crossed difficult terrain, and never showed weariness.
10
成宗崩，仁宗奉太后入朝，殲姦黨，迎武宗即皇帝位，仁宗為皇太子，天下以安。 拜曲樞榮祿大夫、平章政事，行大司農。 未幾，進光祿大夫，領詹事院事，加特進，封應國公。 至大元年，拜開府儀同三司、太子詹事、平章軍國重事、上柱國，依前大司農、應國公。 進太子太保，領典醫監事。 四年，授太保、錄軍國重事、集賢大學士，兼大司農，領崇祥院、司天臺事，官爵勳封如故。 後以疾薨于位。
When Chengzong died, Renzong brought the empress dowager to court, destroyed the treacherous faction, and welcomed Wuzong to the throne while Renzong was named crown prince; the realm was thereby settled. Qushu was appointed Grand Master for Glorious Happiness and grand councillor, with acting charge of the Ministry of Agriculture. Before long he was promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, placed in charge of the Household of the Heir Apparent, granted special advancement, and enfeoffed as Duke of Ying. In 1308 he was appointed Grand Preceptor with ceremonial parity to the Three Excellencies, Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent, and grand councillor for military and state affairs of the first rank, made a Pillar of the State, and continued as Minister of Agriculture and Duke of Ying. He was promoted to Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and placed in charge of the Imperial Medical Service. In 1311 he was appointed Grand Mentor, recorder of military and state affairs of the first rank, and grand academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies, while continuing as Minister of Agriculture and overseeing the Chongxiang Court and the Directorate of Astronomy; his other offices, honors, and enfeoffment were unchanged. He later died in office of illness.
11
子二人。 長伯都，大德十一年特授翰林學士、嘉議大夫，遷中奉大夫、典寶監卿，加資德大夫、治書侍御史。 至大元年，陞榮祿大夫，遙授中書平章政事，改侍御史。 明年，拜中書參知政事，進右丞，年三十二而卒。 子咬住。
He had two sons. The elder son Bodu was specially appointed in 1307 as Hanlin academician and Grand Master of Court Discussion, then promoted to Grand Master of Proper Service and director of the Imperial Treasuries, and further advanced to Grand Master of Virtuous Merit and investigating censor. In 1308 he was raised to Grand Master for Glorious Happiness, given the honorary title of grand councillor of the Central Secretariat, and transferred to attending censor. The following year he was made associate grand councillor of the Central Secretariat and promoted to right vice councillor; he died at thirty-two. His son was Yaozhu.
12
阿禮海牙
Alihaiya
13
阿禮海牙，畏吾氏，集賢大學士脫列之子也。 兄野訥，事仁宗於潛邸。 大德九年，仁宗奉興聖太后出居懷州。 從者單弱，多懷去計。 野訥獨無所畏難。 成宗崩，權臣阿附中宮，不遣使告哀宗藩。 仁宗有聞，將自懷州入京，宮臣或持不可。 野訥屏人密啟曰：「天子晏駕而皇子已早卒，天下無主，邪謀方興。 懷寧王及殿下，世祖、裕皇賢孫，人心所屬久矣。 宜急奉太母入定大計，邪謀必止。 迎立懷寧王以正神器，在此行矣。」 仁宗即白太后，以二月至京師，遂誅柄臣二人，遣使迎武宗。 武宗即位，召野訥，賜玉帶，授嘉議大夫、祕書監。 仁宗居東宮，兼太子右庶子，遷侍御史、崇祥院使，兼將作院使。 閩有綉工，工官大集民間子女居肆督責，吏因為奸利，野訥奏罷之，閩人感悅。 尋兼太醫院使。 仁宗即位，請召文武老臣，咨以朝政。 又請以中都苑囿還諸民。 拜樞密院副使，進同知樞密院事。 命為中書平章政事，辭不拜。 野訥之在臺及侍禁中，於國家事有不便，輒言之，言無不納。 然韜晦惡盈，不泄於外。 延祐四年卒，年四十。 贈推誠保節翊運功臣、金紫光祿大夫、行中書省左丞相、上柱國、趙國公，諡忠靖。
Alihaiya was of Uyghur descent, the son of Tuolie, grand academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies. His elder brother Yene had served Renzong when he was still heir in waiting. In 1305 Renzong escorted the Empress Dowager of Sagely Birth to take up residence in Huai prefecture. Their following was thin, and many among them thought of leaving. Yene alone showed no fear or hesitation. When Chengzong died, the powerful minister A Bu controlled the inner palace and sent no envoys to announce the mourning to the imperial princes. When word reached Renzong, he prepared to enter the capital from Huai, but some palace attendants argued against it. Yene sent away his attendants and reported in secret: "The emperor is dead and the heir died long ago; the realm has no ruler, and treacherous schemes are already stirring. The Prince of Huaining and Your Highness are worthy grandsons of Kublai and the Renowned Emperor; the people's loyalty has long rested with you. You should hurry to bring the Grand Empress Dowager and settle the succession; the treacherous schemes will then collapse. Whether the throne can be set right by welcoming and enthroning the Prince of Huaining depends on what you do now." Renzong at once reported to the empress dowager, reached the capital in the second month, executed two powerful ministers, and sent envoys to welcome Wuzong. When Wuzong took the throne, he summoned Yene, granted him a jade belt, and appointed him Grand Master of Court Discussion and director of the Palace Secretariat. While Renzong was crown prince, Yene also served as right vice tutor to the heir apparent; he was later made attending censor and commissioner of the Chongxiang Court, with concurrent charge of the Directorate of Palace Buildings. In Fujian, craft officials had rounded up commoners' sons and daughters into supervised embroidery shops, and clerks profited from the abuse. Yene memorialized to abolish the practice, and the people of Min were deeply grateful. He soon added the concurrent post of commissioner of the Imperial Medical Institute. When Renzong came to the throne, Yene asked that veteran civil and military officials be summoned to advise on state affairs. He also asked that the parks and hunting grounds around the capital be returned to the people. He was appointed vice commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs and promoted to associate commissioner. He was ordered to serve as grand councillor of the Central Secretariat, but declined the appointment. While serving at the Censorate and in attendance within the palace, Yene spoke out whenever he saw something harmful to the state, and his advice was always accepted. Yet he kept his counsel discreet and never let resentment show abroad. He died in 1317, at the age of forty. He was posthumously ennobled as a meritorious subject who sincerely upheld integrity and supported the dynasty, made Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, acting left grand councillor of the Central Secretariat, a Pillar of the State, and Duke of Zhao, with the posthumous name Loyal and Tranquil.
14
阿禮海牙亦早事武宗、仁宗，為宿衛，以清慎通敏與父兄並見信任。 十餘年間，歷華近，入侍帷幄，出踐省闥，廷無間言。 至治初，出為平章政事，歷鎮江浙、湖廣、河南、陝西四省，皆有惠政，汴人尤懷思之。 歸朝拜翰林學士承旨。 丁父憂，解官家居。
Alihaiya had also entered the service of Wuzong and Renzong early on as a palace guard; for his integrity, prudence, and quick intelligence, he was trusted along with his father and elder brother. Over more than ten years he rose through lofty posts close to the throne, serving within the imperial curtains and carrying out duties at the Secretariat gates; at court no one spoke against him. At the start of the Zhizhi era he was sent out as grand councillor and successively governed Jiang-Zhe, Huguang, Henan, and Shaanxi; everywhere he left benevolent rule, and the people of Bian remembered him with special affection. On returning to court he was appointed chief academician of the Hanlin Academy. When his father died he resigned his office and retired to his home.
15
天曆元年秋，文宗入承大統。 阿禮海牙即易服南迎，至於汴郊見焉。 帝命復鎮汴省。 時當艱難之際，阿禮海牙高價糴粟，以峙糧儲，命近郡分治戎器，閱士卒，括馬民間，以備不虞。 先是，文宗即位之詔已播告天下，而陝西官府結連靖安王等起兵，東擊潼關。 阿禮海牙開府庫，量出鈔二十五萬緡，屬諸行省參政河南淮北蒙古軍都萬戶朶列圖、廉訪副使萬家閭犒軍河南以禦之。 令都鎮撫卜伯率軍吏巡行南陽、高門、武關、荊子諸隘，南至襄、川二江之口，督以嚴備。 萬戶博羅守潼關，不能軍。 是月二十五日，只兒哈率小汪緫帥、脫帖木兒萬戶等之兵，突出潼關，東掠閿鄉，披靈寶，盪陝州、新安諸郡邑，放兵四劫，迤邐前進。 河南告急之使狎至，而朶列圖亦以兵寡為言。
In the autumn of 1328, Wenzong succeeded to the throne. Alihaiya at once changed his mourning dress and went south to welcome him, meeting the emperor in the suburbs of Bian. The emperor ordered him to resume governing Henan province from Bian. In those difficult days Alihaiya bought grain at high prices to build up reserves, ordered neighboring prefectures to ready weapons, inspected the troops, and requisitioned horses from the populace against any emergency. Although Wenzong's accession edict had already been proclaimed throughout the realm, the officials of Shaanxi allied with the Prince of Jing'an and others, raised troops, and marched east against Tong Pass. Alihaiya opened the treasury, issued two hundred fifty thousand strings of paper money, and entrusted Duoletu, associate grand councillor of the branch secretariat and chief commander of the Henan and North-of-the-Huai Mongol army, together with Vice Commissioner of Surveillance Wanjialü, to reward the troops in Henan and hold the enemy back. He ordered Chief Pacification Commissioner Bubei to lead military officers on patrol through the passes at Nanyang, Gaomen, Wuguan, and Jingzi, as far south as the mouths of the Xiang and Chuan rivers, and pressed them to prepare strictly. The chiliarch Boluo held Tong Pass but failed to keep his command in order. On the twenty-fifth of that month Zhierha led the forces of Commander-in-Chief Xiao Wang, the chiliarch Tuotiemuer, and others in a sudden breakout from Tong Pass, raiding east through Minxiang, breaking through Lingbao, and sweeping Shanzhou, Xin'an, and neighboring counties; his men looted everywhere as they pressed forward. Emergency envoys from Henan arrived one after another, and Duoletu also reported that his forces were too few.
16
十月一日，阿禮海牙集省憲官屬，問以長策，無有言者。 阿禮海牙曰：「汴在南北之交，使西人得至此，則江南三省之道不通于畿甸，軍旅應接何日息乎。 夫事有緩急輕重，今重莫如足兵，急莫如足食。 吾徵湖廣之平陽、保定兩翼軍，與吾省之鄧新翼、廬州、沂、郯砲弩手諸軍，以備虎牢； 裕州哈剌魯、鄧州孫萬戶兩軍，以備武關、荊子口。 以屬郡之兵及蒙古兩都萬戶、左右兩衛、諸部丁壯之可入軍者，給馬乘貲裝，立行伍，以次備諸隘。 芍陂等屯兵本自襄、鄧諸軍來田者，還其軍，益以民之丁壯，使守襄陽、白土、峽州諸隘。 別遣塔海以備自蜀至者，以汴、汝、荊、襄、兩淮之馬以給之，府庫不足，則命郡縣假諸殷富之家。 安豐等郡之粟，溯黃河運至于陝，糴諸汴、汝，近郡者，則運諸滎陽以達於虎牢。 吾與諸軍各奮忠義以從王事，宜無不濟者。」 衆曰：「唯。」 命即日部分行事。 自伯顏不花王以下省都事李元德等，凡省之屬吏與有官而家居者，各授以事而出。 廉訪使董守中、僉事沙沙在南陽，右丞脫帖木兒、廉訪使卜顏在虎牢，分遣兵馬以聽其調用。 餽餉之行，千車相望，阿禮海牙親閱實之，必豐必良，信以期會。 自虎牢之南至於襄、漢，無不畢給。 蓋為粟二十萬石，豆如之，兵甲五十五萬，芻萬萬。 是時，朝廷置行樞密院以緫西事。 襄、漢、荊湖、河南郡縣皆缺官，阿禮海牙便宜擇材以處之，朝廷皆從其請。
On the first day of the tenth month Alihaiya assembled the provincial and surveillance officials and asked for a long-term plan, but no one had anything to say. Alihaiya said: "Bian stands where north and south meet. If the western armies reach here, the routes from the three southern provinces to the capital will be cut, and when would the burden of military response ever end? Affairs differ in urgency and weight; at present nothing matters more than enough troops, and nothing is more urgent than enough food. I will summon the Pingyang and Baoding wing armies from Huguang, together with our province's Dengxin Wing and the catapult-and-crossbow corps of Luzhou, Yi, and Tan, to hold Hulao; and the two armies of Harlu at Yuzhou and Sun the chiliarch at Dengzhou to hold Wuguan and Jingzikou. With the troops of the subordinate prefectures, the two Mongol capital chiliarchies, the Left and Right Guards, and every able-bodied man fit for service, I will provide horses, supplies, and equipment, form them into ranks, and station them at the passes in turn. The garrison troops at Shaobo and elsewhere were originally drawn from the Xiang and Deng armies to farm the fields; I will return them to their units, add civilian recruits, and use them to hold the passes at Xiangyang, Baitu, and Xiazhou. I will send Tahai separately to guard against any force coming from Shu, supply him with horses from Bian, Ru, Jing, Xiang, and the Two Huai, and if the treasury falls short, order the prefectures and counties to borrow from wealthy families. Grain from Anfeng and other prefectures will be shipped up the Yellow River to Shan; grain will be bought at Bian and Ru, and from nearby prefectures it will be sent to Xingyang and on to Hulao. If you and I and all the armies exert ourselves in loyal service to the throne, nothing should fail." The assembly answered: "Yes." He ordered the assignments carried out that same day. From Prince Bayanbuhua down to the provincial secretary Li Yuande and the rest, every subordinate clerk of the province and every official living at home was given a task and sent out. Surveillance Commissioner Dong Shouzhong and Assistant Surveillance Commissioner Shasha were at Nanyang, while Right Vice Councillor Tuotiemuer and Surveillance Commissioner Buyan were at Hulao; he dispatched troops and horses to each so they could be called up as needed. Supply convoys rolled out by the thousand; Alihaiya personally inspected each shipment to ensure it was ample and sound, and saw that every deadline was kept. From south of Hulao to the Xiang and Han regions, every need was fully met. In all there were two hundred thousand shi of grain, as much again in beans, five hundred fifty thousand sets of arms and armor, and fodder by the ten thousand bundles. At this time the court established a branch bureau of military affairs to oversee the western campaign. Prefectures and counties throughout Xiang, Han, Jinghu, and Henan were without officials; Alihaiya selected men of talent at his discretion to fill the posts, and the court approved every request.
17
是月，西兵逼河南，行院使來報，曰：「西人北行者度河中以趨懷、孟、磁； 南行者帖木哥，過武關，掠鄧州而殘之，直趨襄陽，攻破郡邑三十餘，橫絕數千里，所過殺官吏，焚廬舍，虜民人婦女財物，賊虐殄盡，西結囊家469f以蜀兵至矣。」 阿禮海牙益督餉西行，遣行院官塔海領兵攻帖木哥，而又設備於江、黃，置鐵繩於峽口，作舟艦以待戰。 十九日，師與西兵遇於鞏縣之石渡，而湖廣所徵太原之兵最為可用。 甫至，未及食，或趣之倍道以進，轉戰及暮，兩軍殺傷與墮澗谷死者相等，而虎牢遂為敵有。 兵儲巨萬，阿禮海牙盡其心、民殫其力者，一旦悉亡焉。 行省院與諸軍斂兵退。 二十二日至汴，民大恐。 阿禮海牙前後遣使告于朝，輒為也先捏留不遣，不得朝廷音問已二十日，阿禮海牙亦憂之，親出行撫其民。 乃修城闕以備衝突，立四門以通往來，戒卒伍以嚴守衛。 時雖甚危急，阿禮海牙朝夕出入，聲色不動，怡然如平時，衆賴以安。
That month, as western troops pressed on Henan, the branch bureau commissioner reported: "The northerly western force is crossing the Yellow River toward Huai, Meng, and Ci; the southerly force under Timur-gh has passed Wuguan, sacked Dengzhou, and is driving straight on Xiangyang; it has overrun more than thirty prefectures and counties and cut a swath thousands of li wide, killing officials, burning homes, and seizing people, women, and goods wherever it goes; the rebels have ravaged everything in their path, and in the west they have allied with the Nangjia'er faction, declaring that Shu troops are already on the march." Alihaiya pressed supplies westward still harder, sent the branch bureau official Tahai to lead troops against Timur-gh, and also made ready along the Yangzi and Yellow rivers, set iron chains at the gorge mouths, and built warships for battle. On the nineteenth the army met the western force at Shidu in Gong county; of all the troops summoned from Taiyuan by Huguang, these proved the most reliable. They had just arrived and not yet eaten when someone pressed them to march at double speed; the fighting lasted until evening, casualties on both sides were equal, many men fell into ravines and gullies, and Hulao fell to the enemy. Stores worth a fortune—everything Alihaiya had poured his heart into and the people had strained every nerve to gather—were lost in a single day. The branch secretariat, the branch bureau, and the various armies gathered their forces and withdrew. On the twenty-second they reached Bian, and the people were terrified. Alihaiya sent envoys to court again and again, but Yeshannie detained them and would not let them through; for twenty days he had no word from the capital, and Alihaiya, deeply worried, went out himself to reassure the people. He repaired the walls and towers against assault, kept the four gates open for traffic, and admonished the garrison to maintain strict guard. Though the crisis was extreme, Alihaiya came and went morning and evening with unchanged voice and expression, as calm as in ordinary times, and the people took heart from him.
18
十一月六日，西師逼城將百里而近，阿禮海牙召行院將帥、憲司與凡在官者，而告之曰：「吾荷國厚恩，唯有一死以報上耳。 行院之出，唯敵是圖，而退保吾城，不亦怯乎？ 然敵亦烏合之衆，何所受命而敢犯我乎？ 且吾甲兵非不堅勁，芻峙非不豐給，而弗利者，太平日久，將校不知兵，吏士不練習，彼所以得披猖至此。 彼誠知我聖天子之命，則衆沮而散爾，何足慮乎。 吾今遣使告于朝，請降詔大赦脅從詿誤。 比詔下，先募士，以即位詔及朝廷招諭之文入其軍，明示利害。 吾整大軍西嚮以征之，別遣驍將率精騎數千上龍門，繞出其後，使之進無所投，退無所歸，成擒於鞏、洛之間必矣。 而我軍所獲陝西官吏，命有司羈而食之，一無所戮。」 衆曰：「諾，唯命。」 即日與行院整兵南薰門外以行。
On the sixth day of the eleventh month, with the western army within a hundred li of the city, Alihaiya summoned the branch bureau commanders, the surveillance officials, and every officer on duty and said: "I owe the state a deep debt of gratitude; I have nothing to offer but my life in the emperor's service. The branch bureau went out to seek the enemy alone; to withdraw and merely hold our city—is that not cowardice? Yet the enemy too are a mob; from whom do they take orders that they dare invade us? Our armor is strong and our fodder ample; what has failed us is that after long peace our officers no longer know war and our clerks and soldiers are untrained—that is why the enemy has been able to rampage this far. If they truly understood the command of our sage emperor, their ranks would lose heart and scatter—what is there to fear? I will send envoys to court now and ask for an edict of general amnesty for those coerced or misled into following the rebels. Before the edict arrives, I will first recruit men to carry the accession proclamation and the court's summons into the enemy camp and make the stakes plain. I will marshal a great army and march west against them, and send a fierce general with several thousand elite cavalry up Longmen to circle behind them, so that advancing they have nowhere to go and retreating nowhere to return—they will surely be taken between Gong and Luo. As for the Shaanxi officials our army captures, I order the responsible offices to detain and provision them, and not execute a single one." The assembly answered: "Yes—we await your orders." That same day he and the branch bureau marshaled their troops outside the Nanxun Gate and set out.
19
會有使者自京師還，言齊王已克上都，奉天子寶璽來歸，刻日至京矣。 阿禮海牙乃置酒高會於省堂以賀，發書告屬郡，報諸江南三省，而募士得蘭住者齎書諭之。 西人猶搒掠蘭住，訊以其實，而朝廷亦遣都護月魯帖木兒從十餘人奉詔放散西軍之在虎牢者。 西人殺其從者之半，械都護以送諸荊王所。 荊王時在河南之白馬寺，以是西人雖未解散，各已駭悟。 又聞行省院以兵至，猶豫不敢進。 朝廷又使參政馮不花親諭之，乃信服。 靖安王遣使四輩與蘭住來請命，逡巡而去，難平。 阿禮海牙乃解嚴報捷，斂餘財以還民，從陝西求民人之被俘掠者歸其家，凡數千人。 陝西官吏被獲者，皆遣還其所。
Just then an envoy returned from the capital reporting that the Prince of Qi had taken Shangdu and was bringing the imperial seal back in submission, and would reach the capital within the day. Alihaiya then held a grand feast in the provincial hall to celebrate, sent letters to the subordinate prefectures, notified the three southern provinces, and recruited a man named Lanzhu to carry the proclamation to the enemy. The westerners still beat and robbed Lanzhu and interrogated him to learn the truth, while the court also sent Chief Guardian Yelü Timur with more than ten followers bearing an edict to disband the western army at Hulao. The westerners killed half his followers, put the chief guardian in fetters, and sent him to the Prince of Jing. The Prince of Jing was then at White Horse Temple in Henan; because of this, though the westerners had not yet dispersed, each man was already shaken into awareness. When they also heard that the branch secretariat and bureau were marching with troops, they hesitated and dared not advance. The court then sent Associate Grand Councillor Feng Buhua to instruct them in person, and they submitted in good faith. The Prince of Jing'an sent four envoys together with Lanzhu to seek orders; they lingered and withdrew, and pacification remained difficult. Alihaiya then lifted the emergency measures and reported victory, returned surplus funds to the people, and from Shaanxi recovered the common people who had been captured and plundered and sent them home—several thousand in all. The Shaanxi officials who had been captured were all sent back to their posts.
20
阿禮海牙自始至鎮，迨乎告功，居汴省者數月。 後以功遷陝西行御史大夫，復拜中書省平章政事。
From the time Alihaiya first took up his post until he reported victory, he governed Henan from Bian for several months. Later, for his service he was made grand censor of the Shaanxi branch secretariat and again appointed grand councillor of the Central Secretariat.
21
奕赫抵雅爾丁
Yihediyaerding
22
奕赫抵雅爾丁字太初，回回氏。 父亦速馬因，仕至大都南北兩城兵馬都指揮使。
Yihediyaerding, whose courtesy name was Taichu, was of Huihui descent. His father Yisumayin rose to chief commander of military affairs for the north and south cities of the Great Capital.
23
奕赫抵雅爾丁幼穎悟嗜學，所讀書一過目即終身不忘。 尤工其國字語。 初為中書掾，以年勞授江西行省員外郎，入為吏部主事，不再閱月，固辭。 擢刑部員外郎，四方所上獄，反復披閱成牘，多所平反。 遷陝西漢中道肅政廉訪司僉事，不赴。 改中書右司員外郎，尋陞郎中。
From youth Yihediyaerding was bright and devoted to learning; whatever he read once, he remembered for life. He was especially skilled in his people's script and language. He began as a clerk in the Central Secretariat and, for years of service, was appointed outer section officer of the Jiangxi branch secretariat; he entered the Ministry of Personnel as a principal clerk, but within a month firmly declined the post. He was promoted to outer section officer of the Ministry of Justice; for cases submitted from every quarter he carefully reviewed the completed dossiers and reversed many wrongful verdicts. He was transferred to assistant surveillance commissioner on the Shaanxi Hanzhong circuit, but did not take up the appointment. He was reassigned as outer section officer of the right department of the Central Secretariat and soon promoted to department director.
24
一日，與同列共議獄，有異其說者，奕赫抵雅爾丁曰：「公等讀律，苟不能變通以適事宜，譬之醫者，雖熟於方論，而不能切脈用藥，則於疾痛奚益哉。」 同列雖不平，識者服其為名言。 大德八年肆赦，廷議惟官吏因事受賕者不預。 奕赫抵雅爾丁曰：「不可。 恩如雨露，萬物均被，贓吏固可嫉，比之盜賊則有間矣。 宥盜而不宥吏，何耶？」
One day, while deliberating a case with his colleagues, someone took a different view, and Yihediyaerding said: "You read the law, but if you cannot adapt it to fit the circumstances, you are like a physician who knows every prescription by heart yet cannot feel the pulse and prescribe—what good does that do the patient?" His colleagues were displeased, but discerning men admired the remark as a fine saying. In 1304 a general amnesty was proclaimed, and at court it was proposed that officials who had taken bribes in the course of duty should be excluded. Yihediyaerding said: "That will not do. Grace is like rain and dew—it should fall on all alike. Corrupt officials are indeed contemptible, but they are not the same as robbers and bandits. To pardon robbers but not officials—why should that be?"
25
刑部嘗有獄事，上讞既論決，已而丞相知其失，以譴右司主者。 奕赫抵雅爾丁初未嘗署其案，因取成案閱之，竊署其名於下。 或訝之曰：「茲獄之失，公實不與，丞相方譴怒而公反追署其案，何也？」 奕赫抵雅爾丁曰：「吾偶不署此案耳，豈有與諸君同事而獨幸免哉。」 丞相聞而賢之，同列因以獲免。
The Ministry of Justice once handled a criminal case whose memorial for imperial decision had already been settled; when the chief councillor later discovered the error, he censured the head of the Right Department. Yihediyaerding had never signed that dossier in the first place; he took the completed file, read it through, and quietly added his name at the bottom. Someone asked in astonishment: "You had no part in this case's error; the chief councillor is angry and censuring others—why would you go back and sign the dossier now?" Yihediyaerding replied: "I simply failed to sign this case—how could I serve alongside you and alone escape blame?" When the chief councillor heard this he admired him, and his colleagues were spared as a result.
26
遷左司郎中。 時左司闕一都事，平章梁暗都剌謂奕赫抵雅爾丁曰：「人之材幹固嘗有之，惟篤實不欺為難得，公當以所知舉。」 奕赫抵雅爾丁遂以王毅、李迪為言，一時輿論莫不稱允。 又嘗論朝士，如王仁卿、賈元播、高彥敬、敬威卿、李清臣輩可大用，時諸公處下僚，後皆如其言。 遷翰林侍講學士、知制誥兼修國史，轉中奉大夫、集賢大學士。
He was promoted to director of the Left Department. The Left Department then lacked a secretariat supervisor; Grand Councillor Liang Andula told Yihediyaerding: "Talent is common enough, but steadfast honesty is rare—you should recommend someone you know." He nominated Wang Yi and Li Di, and public opinion at once approved. He also once remarked that court officials such as Wang Renqing, Jia Yuanbo, Gao Yanjing, Jing Weiqing, and Li Qingchen were fit for high office; they were then in junior posts, and later events proved him right. He was appointed Hanlin academician lecturer, drafter of imperial proclamations, and compiler of the national history, then advanced to Grand Master of Proper Service and grand academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies.
27
未幾，除江東建康道肅政廉訪使。 始視事，見以獄具陳列庭下甚備，問之，乃前官創製以待有罪者。 奕赫抵雅爾丁蹙然曰：「凡逮至臬司，皆命官及有出身之吏，廉得其情，則將服罪，獄具毋庸施也。」 即屏去之。 監憲一年，贓吏削跡。
Before long he was made surveillance commissioner of the Jiandong Jiankang circuit. On first taking office he found torture implements laid out in full array in the courtyard; inquiry showed a predecessor had devised them for use on the condemned. Yihediyaerding said with a troubled expression: "Cases that reach this office involve appointed officials and credentialed clerks; once the facts are fairly established they will confess—torture implements are unnecessary." He had them removed at once. After a year in the surveillance post, corrupt officials had all but disappeared.
28
至大初元，立尚書省，拜參議尚書省事，召至京師，懇辭不就。 改立中書省，復拜參議中書省事，亦以疾辭。 延祐元年卒，年四十有七。
At the opening of the Zhida reign a Ministry of Revenue was established; he was appointed associate minister of revenue affairs and summoned to the capital, but firmly declined. When the Central Secretariat was restored he was again offered the associate ministership, and again declined on grounds of illness. He died in 1314, at the age of forty-seven.
29
脫烈海牙
Tuoliehaiya
30
脫烈海牙，畏吾氏。 世居別失拔里之地。 曾祖闊華八撒朮，當太祖西征，導其主亦都護迎降。 帝嘉其有識，欲官之，辭以不敏。 祖八剌朮，始徙真定，仕至帥府鎮撫。 富而樂施，或貸不償，則火其券，人稱為長者。 父闍里赤，性純正，知讀書。
Tuoliehaiya was of Uyghur descent. His family had lived for generations in Bieshibali. His great-grandfather Kuohuabaszhu, when Taizu marched west, guided his lord the Idiqut in surrendering to the throne. The emperor praised his foresight and wished to appoint him, but he declined on grounds of unworthiness. His grandfather Balazhu first settled in Zhending and rose to pacification commissioner of the marshal's headquarters. Wealthy and generous, he would burn unpaid loan bonds, and people called him a man of true stature. His father Zhanlizhi was upright by nature and literate.
31
脫烈海牙幼嗜學，警敏絕人。 性整暇，雖居倉卒，未嘗見其急遽。 喜從文士游，犬馬聲色之娛，一無所好。 由中書宣使，出為寧晉主簿。 改隆平縣達魯花赤，均賦興學，劭農平訟，橋梁、水防、備荒之政，無一不舉。 及滿去，民勒石以紀其政。 拜監察御史。 時江西胡參政殺其弟，訟久不決，脫烈海牙一訊竟伏其辜。 出僉燕南道肅政廉訪司事，務存大體，不事苛察。 在任六年，黜污吏百四十有奇。 召為戶部郎中，轉右司員外郎，陞右司郎中。 贊畫之力居多。 仁宗在東宮，知其嗜學，出祕府經籍及聖賢圖像以賜，時人榮之。 母霍氏卒，哀毀骨立，事聞，賜鈔五萬貫，給葬事。 起為吏部尚書，量能敘爵，以平允稱。 改禮部尚書，領會同館事。 進中奉大夫、荊湖北道宣慰使。 適峽人艱食，脫烈海牙先發廩賑之，而後以聞。 朝議韙之。
From youth Tuoliehaiya loved learning and was exceptionally quick-witted. Composed by temperament, he was never seen flustered even in sudden crises. He enjoyed the company of scholars and cared nothing for horses, hounds, music, or courtesans. Beginning as a Central Secretariat dispatch clerk, he was posted as registrar of Ningjin. Transferred to serve as darughachi of Longping county, he equalized taxes, promoted schools, encouraged farming and settled disputes, and carried through every measure for bridges, flood control, and famine relief. When his term ended the people set up a stone to commemorate his administration. He was appointed investigating censor. When Hu, regional administrator of Jiangxi, had killed his younger brother and the case dragged on unresolved, Tuoliehaiya settled it in a single hearing and established his guilt. Posted as assistant surveillance commissioner of the Yannan circuit, he upheld broad principles and avoided petty scrutiny. In six years of service he removed more than a hundred and forty corrupt officials. He was recalled as director in the Ministry of Revenue, then vice-director and director of the Right Department. He bore the greater part of the work in planning and counsel. While Renzong was heir apparent he knew Tuoliehaiya's love of learning and gave him classics from the imperial library and portraits of sages; contemporaries counted it a signal honor. When his mother Lady Huo died he mourned until he was wasted to the bone; on report of this the court granted fifty thousand strings of paper money for the funeral. Recalled as Minister of Personnel, he assigned ranks according to merit and was known for evenhanded fairness. He was made Minister of Rites and placed in charge of the Hall of Mutual Accord. He was promoted to Grand Master of Proper Service and pacification commissioner of the Jinghu North circuit. When the gorge districts faced famine he opened the granaries to relieve them first and reported afterward. The court approved his action.
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至治三年，遷淮東宣慰使。 七月，以疾卒于廣陵，年六十有七，贈通奉大夫、河南江北等處行中書省參知政事、護軍，追封恒山郡公。 弟觀音奴，廉明材幹，亦仕至清顯云。
In 1323 he was transferred to pacification commissioner of Huaidong. In the seventh month he died of illness at Guangling at sixty-seven; he was posthumously made Grand Master of the Imperial Favor, associate grand councillor of the Henan and Jiangbei Branch Secretariat, and Guardian of the Army, and enfeoffed as Duke of Hengshan. His younger brother Guanyinnu was incorrupt and capable and likewise rose to a distinguished office, it is said.