1
太不花
Taibuhua
2
太不花，弘吉剌氏。 世為外戚，官最貴顯。 太不花沉厚有大度，以世冑入官，累遷雲南行省右丞，歷通政使、上都留守、遼陽行省平章政事。 至正八年，太平為丞相，力荐太不花可大用，召入，為中書平章政事。 明年，太平既罷，脫脫復為相。 太不花因黨於脫脫謀欲害太平，眾由是不平之。
Taibuhua belonged to the Hongjila clan. His family had for generations been consorts of the imperial house, holding the most distinguished offices at court. Deep and steady, with a generous temperament, Taibuhua entered government by virtue of his birth. He rose through the ranks to become Right Chancellor of the Yunnan branch secretariat, and later served as transmission commissioner, urgent commissioner of the Upper Capital, and grand councillor of the Liaoyang branch secretariat. In the eighth year of Zhizheng (1348), when Taiping became chancellor, he strongly urged that Taibuhua be given high responsibility. Taibuhua was summoned to court and appointed grand councillor of the Central Secretariat. The following year Taiping was removed from office, and Toghto returned as chancellor. Taibuhua aligned himself with Toghto and plotted against Taiping, and public opinion turned against him.
3
十二年，盜起河南，知樞密院事老章出師久無功，詔拜太不花河南行省平章政事，加太尉，將兵往代之。 未期月，平南陽、汝寧、唐、隨，又下安陸、德安等路，招降服叛，動合事宜，軍聲大振。 十四年，脫脫以太師、右丞相總大兵徵高郵，尋詔奪其兵柄，而升太不花本省左丞相，與太尉月闊察兒、樞密知院雪雪代總其兵。 山東、河北諸軍悉令太不花節制。 而太不花乃以軍士乏糧之故，頗驕傲不遵朝廷命令，軍士又往往剽掠為民患。 十五年，監察御史也裡忽都等劾其慢功虐民之罪，於是天子下詔盡奪其職，俾率領火赤溫，從平章政事答失八都魯徵進。
In the twelfth year (1352) rebels broke out in Henan. Privy Council vice-director Laozhang had campaigned for months without success. The court appointed Taibuhua grand councillor of the Henan branch secretariat and grand marshal, sending him with an army to relieve Laozhang. Within less than a month he pacified Nanyang, Runing, Tang, and Sui, then captured Anlu, De'an, and other circuits. Whether accepting surrenders or crushing revolts, his moves were always apt, and his army's reputation soared. In the fourteenth year (1354) Toghto, as grand preceptor and right chancellor, took command of a great expedition against Gaoyou. Soon afterward an edict stripped him of his army. Taibuhua was promoted to left chancellor of the same province, and together with Grand Marshal Yuekuochá'er and privy council vice-director Xuexue he assumed overall command in Toghto's place. All forces in Shandong and Hebei were placed under his command. Yet Taibuhua, citing shortages of rations for his troops, grew arrogant and defied court orders, while his men frequently plundered the countryside and terrorized the populace. In the fifteenth year (1355) supervising censors including Yelihudu impeached him for neglecting his duties and abusing the people. The emperor then stripped him of all his posts by edict and ordered him to lead the Huochiwen auxiliaries in support of Grand Councillor Däshibadu'er's advance.
4
頃之，復拜湖廣行省左丞相，節制湖廣、荊襄諸軍，招捕沔陽、湖廣等處水陸賊徒。 會朝廷復拜太平為中書左丞相，太不花聞之，意不能平，歎曰：「我不負朝廷，朝廷負我矣。 太平漢人，今乃復居中用事，安受逸樂，我反在外勤苦邪！」 及擊賊，賊且退，諸將皆欲乘勝渡江，而太不花乃反勒兵而退，以養銳為名。 其後賊犯汴梁，守臣請援兵，至十往反，太不花乃始率兵援汴梁，而猶按甲不進。 時睢、亳、太康俱已陷，邊警日急。 或諫之曰：「賊旦夕且至，丞相兵不進何也？」 太不花顧左右大言曰：「我在，何物小寇敢犯境邪？ 若等毋多言，我自有神算也。」 既而縱軍出掠，百里之內，蕩然無遺。 繼又渡師河北，聲取曹、濮，遂駐於彰德、衛輝。 俄而曹、濮之賊奪竄晉、冀，大同亦相繼不守，遂蔓延不可製。 朝廷以為憂，兩遣重臣諭以密旨，授之成算，而太不花恬不為意。 是時，其子壽童以同知樞密院事將兵分討山東，久無功，嘗以事入奏，語言有驕慢意，帝由是惡之。
Before long he was reappointed left chancellor of the Huguang branch secretariat, with command over the Huguang and Jingxiang armies and orders to suppress bandits by land and water in Mianyang, Huguang, and neighboring regions. Just then the court reappointed Taiping as left chancellor of the Central Secretariat. When Taibuhua heard the news, he could not contain his resentment and sighed, "I have not failed the court—the court has failed me. Taiping is a Han Chinese—yet he is back at the center wielding power, enjoying ease and comfort, while I am left to toil in the field!" When they engaged the rebels and the enemy was on the verge of retreat, every general wanted to press the advantage and cross the river—but Taibuhua ordered a withdrawal, claiming he was conserving his troops' strength. Later, when the rebels threatened Bianliang, the defenders pleaded for reinforcements again and again—ten times in all—before Taibuhua finally marched to their aid, and even then he held his army back without engaging. By then Sui, Bo, and Taikang had all fallen, and the frontier alarms grew more urgent by the day. Someone urged him, saying, "The rebels will be here any day—why does your army not advance?" Taibuhua turned to his attendants and declared loudly, "As long as I am here, what petty raiders would dare cross our borders? Say no more—I have my own stratagems." He then let his troops loose to plunder, and for a hundred li around nothing was left standing. He next crossed into Hebei, announcing an attack on Cao and Pu, then halted his army at Zhangde and Weihui. Soon the rebels of Cao and Pu swept into Shanxi and Hebei; Datong fell in turn, and the uprising spread beyond control. The court was deeply alarmed and twice dispatched senior officials with secret instructions and a settled plan of campaign—but Taibuhua remained indifferent. At this time his son Shoutong, serving as associate privy council director, led troops in a separate campaign in Shandong but achieved nothing for months. When he reported to court, his tone was arrogant, and the emperor took a dislike to him.
5
十八年，山東賊愈充斥，且逼近京畿，於是詔拜太不花中書右丞相，總其兵討山東。 既渡河，即上疏以謂：「賊勢張甚，軍行宜以糧餉為先。 昔漢韓信行軍，蕭何饋糧，方今措畫，無如丞相太平者，如令太平至軍中供給，事乃可濟，不然兵不能進矣。」 其意實銜太平，欲其至軍中即害之也。 時參知政事卜顏帖木兒、張晉等分省山東，二人者嘗劾壽童不進兵，太不花至，則以其饋運不前斷遣之。 又以知樞密院事完者帖木兒為右丞之日嘗劾其非，亦加以失誤專制之罪，擅改其官，徵至軍欲害之。 事聞，廷議喧然。 而太平與太不花久有隙，會其疏來上，以其欲害己也，遂諷監察御史迷只兒海等劾其緩師拒命之罪，而於帝前力譖之。 於是乃下詔削其官爵，奪其兵柄，安置於蓋州，以知樞密院事悟良哈台總其兵。
In the eighteenth year (1358) the Shandong rebels grew bolder and pressed toward the capital. The court appointed Taibuhua right chancellor of the Central Secretariat and gave him overall command of the campaign in Shandong. As soon as he crossed the river, he memorialized the throne: "The rebels' strength is formidable; on campaign, supplies must come first. When Han Xin campaigned, Xiao He fed his army. For organizing supplies today, no one equals Chancellor Taiping. If he were sent to the front to provision the troops, the campaign could succeed; otherwise the army cannot move." In truth he nursed a grudge against Taiping and intended to kill him once he arrived at camp. Vice grand councillors Buyan Temür and Zhang Jin were then administering Shandong; they had earlier impeached Shoutong for failing to advance. When Taibuhua arrived, he dismissed them on the charge that they had failed to deliver supplies. He also punished Privy Council vice-director Qanisher Temür, who had impeached him when serving as right vice chancellor, charging him with misconduct and usurpation of authority, demoting him without authorization, summoning him to headquarters, and intending to kill him. When word reached the capital, the court was in an uproar. Taiping and Taibuhua had long been at odds. When the memorial arrived, Taiping, believing Taibuhua meant to kill him, prompted supervising censors including Mizhihai to charge him with delaying the campaign and defying orders, and vigorously denounced him before the emperor. An edict then stripped him of rank and command, placed him under restraint at Gaizhou, and put Privy Council vice-director Uyangqatai in charge of his army.
6
太不花聞有詔，夜馳詣劉哈剌不花求救解。 劉哈剌不花者，太不花故部將也，以破賊累有功，拜淮南行省平章政事，時駐兵保定。 見太不花來，因張樂大宴，舉酒慷慨言曰：「丞相國家柱石，有大勳勞如此，天子終不害丞相，是必讒言間之耳。 我當自往見上言之，丞相毋憂也。」 哈剌不花即走至京，首見太平。 太平問其來何故，哈剌不花具以其故告之。 太平曰：「太不花大逆不道，今詔已下，爾乃敢輒妄言邪？ 不審處，禍將及爾矣。」 哈剌不花聞太平言，畏懼，噤不能發。 太平度太不花必在哈剌不花所，即語之曰：「爾能致太不花以來，吾以爾見上，爾功不細矣。」 哈剌不花因許之。 太平乃引入見帝，賜賚良渥。 初，劉哈剌不花之為部將於太不花也，與倪晦者同在幕下，太不花每委任晦，而哈剌不花計多阻不行，哈剌不花心嘗以為怨。 及是，知事已不可解，還，縛太不花父子送京師，未至，皆殺之於路。
Hearing of the edict, Taibuhua rode through the night to Liu Qarabuq'a to beg for help. Liu Qarabuq'a had been one of Taibuhua's generals and had won repeated distinction against the rebels. He was now grand councillor of the Huainan branch secretariat, with his troops at Baoding. When Taibuhua arrived, Liu Qarabuq'a set out a feast with music and, raising his cup, spoke with feeling: "Chancellor, you are a pillar of the state. With merit such as yours, the Son of Heaven would never harm you—this can only be the work of slanderers. I will go to the emperor myself and plead your case—have no fear, Chancellor." Qarabuq'a hurried to the capital and went first to Taiping. Taiping asked why he had come, and Qarabuq'a told him the whole story. Taiping said, "Taibuhua is guilty of treason. The edict has already been issued—how dare you speak on his behalf? If you do not watch your step, disaster will befall you as well." Qarabuq'a was terrified by Taiping's words and fell silent. Taiping guessed that Taibuhua was hiding with Qarabuq'a and said, "If you can deliver Taibuhua to me, I will present you to the emperor—your reward will be great." Qarabuq'a agreed. Taiping then presented him to the emperor, who lavished gifts upon him. Earlier, when Liu Qarabuq'a had served under Taibuhua, he and a staff officer named Ni Hui had shared the same command. Taibuhua favored Hui, while Qarabuq'a's counsel was repeatedly ignored, and he had long nursed a grudge. Now, seeing that nothing could be salvaged, he returned, bound Taibuhua and his son, and set out for the capital with them as prisoners. Before they arrived, he killed them both on the road.
7
察罕帖木兒擴廓帖木兒
Chaghan Temur; Köke Temur
8
察罕帖木兒，字廷瑞，係出北庭。 曾祖闊闊台，元初隨大軍收河南。 至祖乃蠻台、父阿魯溫，皆家河南，為潁州沈丘人。 察罕帖木兒幼篤學，嘗應進士舉，有時名。 身長七尺，修眉覆目，左頰有三毫，或怒則毫皆直指。 居常慨然有當世之志。 至正十一年，盜發汝、潁，焚城邑，殺長吏，所過殘破，不數月，江淮諸郡皆陷。 朝廷徵兵致討，卒無成功。 十二年，察罕帖木兒乃奮義起兵，沈丘之子弟從者數百人。 與信陽之羅山人李思齊合兵，同設奇計襲破羅山。 事聞，朝廷授察罕帖木兒中順大夫、汝寧府達魯花赤。 於是所在義士俱將兵來會，得萬人，自成一軍，屯沈丘，數與賊戰，輒克捷。
Chaghan Temur, courtesy name Tingrui, traced his lineage to the Northern Court. His great-grandfather Köködei had followed the main armies in the conquest of Henan at the founding of the dynasty. His grandfather Naimantai and his father Aruγun had both settled in Henan; the family were natives of Shenqiu in Ying prefecture. Chaghan Temur studied diligently in his youth, once sat for the jinshi examination, and enjoyed a measure of renown. He stood seven chi tall, with long brows that shaded his eyes. Three hairs grew on his left cheek, and when he grew angry they bristled straight outward. He often spoke with feeling of his ambition to serve the age. In the eleventh year of Zhizheng (1351) rebels broke out in the Ru and Ying region, burning towns, killing officials, and laying waste wherever they marched. Within months the Jianghuai commanderies had all fallen. The court mobilized armies to suppress them but achieved nothing. In the twelfth year (1352) Chaghan Temur raised a loyalist force of his own, and several hundred young men of Shenqiu rallied to him. He joined forces with Li Siqi of Luoshan in Xinyang, and together they devised a stratagem that took Luoshan by surprise. When word reached the court, he was appointed grand master of palace attendance and daruγači of Runing prefecture. Loyalist volunteers from across the region flocked to him with their troops until he had ten thousand men under arms. He encamped at Shenqiu as an independent force and fought the rebels again and again, winning every engagement.
9
十五年，賊勢滋蔓，由汴以南陷鄧、許、嵩、洛。 察罕帖木兒兵日益盛，轉戰而北，遂戍虎牢，以遏賊鋒。 賊乃北渡盟津，焚掠至覃懷，河北震動。 察罕帖木兒進戰，大敗之，餘黨柵河洲，殲之無遺類，河北遂定。 朝廷奇其功，除中書刑部侍郎，階中議大夫。 苗軍以滎陽叛，察罕帖木兒夜襲之，虜其眾幾盡，乃結營屯中牟。 已而淮右賊眾三十萬掠汴以西，來搗中牟營。 察罕帖木兒結陳待之，以死生利害諭士卒。 士卒賈勇決死戰，無不一當百。 會大風揚沙，自率猛士鼓譟從中起，奮擊賊中堅，賊勢遂披靡不能支，棄旗鼓遁走，追殺十餘里，斬首無算。 軍聲益大振。
In the fifteenth year (1355) the rebellion spread south of Bianliang, and Deng, Xu, Song, and Luo all fell. Chaghan Temur's army grew stronger by the day. Fighting his way north, he garrisoned Hulao to block the rebel advance. The rebels crossed the Meng Ford northward, burning and looting as far as Tanhuai, and all of Hebei was thrown into alarm. Chaghan Temur met them in battle and routed them utterly. The survivors fortified themselves on river islets, but he wiped them out to the last man, and Hebei was pacified. The court was astonished by his achievements and appointed him vice minister of punishments in the Central Secretariat, with the rank of grand master for discussion. When the Miao army rebelled at Xingyang, Chaghan Temur attacked by night and captured nearly their entire force, then established a camp at Zhongmou. Soon afterward three hundred thousand Huaiyou rebels swept west of Bianliang and attacked his camp at Zhongmou. Chaghan Temur drew up his battle line and addressed his men on the stakes of life and death. His men took heart and fought as if each one were worth a hundred; none held back. A fierce wind whipped up the sand. Chaghan Temur himself led his elite troops in a drum-beating charge at the enemy center. The rebel line collapsed; they threw down their banners and fled. He pursued them for more than ten li, and the slain were beyond count. His army's fame grew still greater.
10
十六年，升中書兵部尚書，階嘉議大夫。 繼而賊西陷陝州，斷殽、函，勢欲趨秦、晉。 知樞密院事答失八都魯方節制河南軍，調察罕帖木兒與李思齊往攻之。 察罕帖木兒即鼓行而西，夜拔殽陵，立柵交口。 陝為城，阻山帶河，險且固，而賊轉南山粟給食以堅守，攻之猝不可拔。 察罕帖木兒乃焚馬矢營中，如炊煙狀，以疑賊，而夜提兵拔靈寶城。 守既備，賊始覺，不敢動，即渡河陷平陸，掠安邑，蹂晉南鄙。 察罕帖木兒追襲之，蹙之以鐵騎。 賊回扼下陽津，赴水死者甚眾。 相持數月，賊勢窮，皆遁潰。 以功加中奉大夫、僉河北行樞密院事。
In the sixteenth year (1356) he was promoted to minister of war in the Central Secretariat, with the rank of grand master for splendid discussion. Soon the rebels in the west captured Shaanzhou, severing the Xiao and Han passes and threatening to advance into Shaanxi and Shanxi. Privy Council vice-director Däshibadu'er, who then commanded the Henan armies, ordered Chaghan Temur and Li Siqi to attack them. Chaghan Temur marched west at once, took Xiaoling by night, and fortified Jiaokou. Shaanzhou was a walled city, protected by mountains and rivers, formidable and well defended. The rebels hauled grain from the southern hills to sustain a long siege, and it could not be taken by assault. Chaghan Temur burned horse dung in camp to mimic cooking fires and deceive the enemy, then marched by night and stormed Lingbao. By the time the garrison was ready, the rebels had only just realized what was happening and dared not stir. They crossed the river instead, seized Pinglu, looted Anyi, and ravaged southern Shanxi. Chaghan Temur pursued them and harried them with his armored cavalry. The rebels turned to hold Xiayang Ford, and great numbers drowned trying to cross the water. After months of stalemate the rebels were exhausted and broke and fled. For his achievements he was promoted to grand master for court discussion and appointed concurrent commissioner of the Hebei branch privy council.
11
十七年，賊尋出襄樊，陷商州，攻武關，官軍敗走，遂直趨長安，至灞上，分道掠同、華諸州，三輔震恐。 陝西省台來告急。 察罕帖木兒即領大眾入潼關，長驅而前，與賊遇，戰輒勝，殺獲以億萬計。 賊餘黨皆散潰，走南山，入興元。 朝廷嘉其復關陝有大功，授資善大夫、陝西行省左丞。 未幾，賊出自巴蜀，陷秦、隴，據鞏昌，遂窺鳳翔。 察罕帖木兒即先分兵入守鳳翔城，而遣諜者誘賊圍鳳翔。 賊果來圍之，厚凡數十重。 察罕帖木兒自將鐵騎，晝夜馳二百里往赴。 比去城裡所，分軍張左右翼掩擊之。 城中軍亦開門鼓譟而出，內外合擊，呼聲動天地。 賊大潰，自相踐蹂，斬首數万級，伏尸百餘里，餘黨皆遁還。 關中悉定。
In the seventeenth year (1357) the rebels emerged from Xiangyang, captured Shangzhou, and attacked Wuguan. The government troops were routed, and the rebels drove straight for Chang'an, reaching Bashang and raiding Tong, Hua, and neighboring prefectures in separate columns. The capital region was thrown into panic. The Shaanxi provincial and surveillance offices sent urgent appeals for help. Chaghan Temur led a great army through Tong Pass and swept forward. In every encounter he was victorious, and the slain and captured were reckoned in the millions. The surviving rebels broke and fled south into the mountains and on into Xingyuan. The court honored his great achievement in recovering the Guan-Shaan region and appointed him grand master for fostering excellence and left vice chancellor of the Shaanxi branch secretariat. Before long rebels from Ba and Shu overran Qin and Long, seized Gongchang, and turned their eyes toward Fengxiang. Chaghan Temur first detached troops to hold Fengxiang, then sent agents to lure the rebels into besieging the city. The rebels came as expected and invested the city in dozens of concentric rings. Chaghan Temur himself led his armored cavalry on a forced march of two hundred li day and night. When he was still a li from the city, he split his force and struck with both wings in a pincer movement. The garrison threw open the gates, drums beating, and charged out. Caught between the two forces, the rebels were crushed amid shouts that shook heaven and earth. The rebels collapsed in utter rout, trampling one another underfoot. Tens of thousands were beheaded, and corpses littered the road for more than a hundred li. The survivors fled. The whole Guanzhong region was pacified.
12
十八年，山東賊分道犯京畿。 朝廷征四方兵入衛，詔察罕帖木兒以兵屯涿州。 察罕帖木兒即留兵戍清湫、義谷，屯潼關，塞南山口，以備他盜。 而自將銳卒往赴召。 而曹、濮賊方分道逾太行，焚上黨，掠晉、冀，陷雲中、雁門、代郡，烽火數千里，復大掠南且還。 察罕帖木兒先遣兵伏南山阻隘，而自勒重兵屯聞喜、絳陽。 賊果走南山，縱伏兵橫擊之，賊皆棄輜重走山谷，其得南還者無幾。 乃分兵屯澤州，塞碗子城，屯上黨，塞吾兒谷，屯并州，塞井陘口，以杜太行諸道。 賊屢至，守將數血戰擊卻之，河東悉定。 進陝西行省右丞，兼陝西行台侍御史、同知河南行樞密院事。 於是天子乃詔察罕帖木兒守禦關陝、晉、冀，撫鎮漢、沔、荊、襄，便宜行閫外事。 察罕帖木兒益務練兵訓農，以平定四方為己責。
In the eighteenth year (1358) Shandong rebels advanced on the capital in several columns. The court called up armies from every quarter to defend the capital and ordered Chaghan Temur to station his troops at Zhuozhou. Chaghan Temur left troops to garrison Qingqiu and Yigu, stationed a force at Tong Pass, and sealed the southern mountain passes against other raiders. He himself led his elite troops to answer the imperial summons. Meanwhile the Cao and Pu rebels were crossing the Taihang in separate columns, burning Shangdang, ravaging Shanxi and Hebei, and seizing Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Dai. Beacon fires blazed for a thousand li as they looted their way southward on the return march. Chaghan Temur first posted troops in ambush at the southern mountain defiles, then personally led his main force to Wenxi and Jiangyang. The rebels fled as expected along the southern route; he unleashed his ambush and cut them off. They abandoned their wagons and scattered into the hills, and scarcely any who had marched south returned alive. He then split his forces to hold Zezhou and seal Wanzicheng, Shangdang and Wu'er Valley, and Bingzhou and Jingxing Pass, shutting every road through the Taihang. The rebels attacked again and again, but the garrison commanders fought them off in repeated bloody engagements until all Hedong was pacified. He was promoted to right councillor of the Shaanxi branch secretariat, and concurrently made attendant censor on the Shaanxi surveillance commission and associate commissioner of the Henan military affairs commission. The emperor then ordered Chaghan Temur to defend Guanzhong, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Hebei, to pacify Han, Mian, Jing, and Xiang, and to handle military affairs beyond the capital at his discretion. Chaghan Temur devoted himself ever more to drilling troops and training farmers, making the pacification of the realm his personal charge.
13
是年，安豐賊劉福通等陷汴梁，造宮闕，易正朔，號召群盜。 巴蜀、荊楚、江淮、齊魯、遼海，西至甘肅，所在兵起，勢相聯結。 察罕帖木兒乃北塞太行，南守鞏、洛，而自將中軍軍沔池。 會叛將周全棄覃懷，入汴城，合兵攻洛陽。 察罕帖木兒下令嚴守備，別以奇兵出宜陽，而自將精騎發新安來援。 賊至城下，見堅壁不可犯，退引去，因追至虎牢，塞成皋諸險而還。 拜陝西行省平章政事，仍兼同知行樞密院事，便宜行事。
That year Liu Futong and the other Anfeng rebels seized Bianliang, built palaces, proclaimed a new calendar, and called bandits to arms across the land. From Bashu, Jingchu, and the Jianghuai and Qilu regions to Liaohai and Gansu in the west, armies rose everywhere and their strength became interlinked. Chaghan Temur blocked the Taihang to the north, held Gong and Luoyang to the south, and personally led the central army to camp at Mianchi. Just then the rebel general Zhou Quan abandoned Tanhuai, entered Bianliang, and joined the rebels in an assault on Luoyang. Chaghan Temur ordered the defenses tightened, sent a flanking force out through Yiyang, and himself led elite cavalry from Xin'an to relieve the city. The rebels reached the walls, found the defenses impregnable, and withdrew; he pursued them to Hulao, secured Chenggao and the other passes, and returned. He was appointed pingzhang of the Shaanxi branch secretariat, retained his post as associate commissioner of the military affairs commission, and was granted discretionary authority.
14
十九年，察罕帖木兒圖复汴梁。 五月，以大軍次虎牢。 先發遊騎，南道出汴南，略歸、亳、陳、察，北道出汴東，戰船浮於河，水陸並下，略曹南，據黃陵渡。 乃大發秦兵，出函關，過虎牢； 晉兵出太行，逾黃河，俱會汴城下，首奪其外城。 察罕帖木兒自將鐵騎屯杏花營，諸將環城而壘。 賊屢出戰，戰輒敗，遂嬰城以守。 乃夜伏兵城南，旦日，遣苗軍跳梁者略城而東。 賊傾城出追，伏兵鼓譟起，邀擊敗之。 又令弱卒立柵外城以餌賊。 賊出爭之，弱卒佯走，薄城西，因突鐵騎縱擊，悉擒其眾。 賊自是益不敢出。 八月，諜知城中計窮，食且盡，乃與諸將閆思孝、李克彝、虎林赤、賽因赤、答忽、脫因不花、呂文、完哲、賀宗哲、安童、張守禮、伯顏、孫翥、姚守德、魏賽因不花、楊履信、關關等議，各分門而攻。 至夜，將士鼓勇登城，斬關而入，遂拔之。 劉福通奉其偽主從數百騎出東門遁走。 獲偽後及賊妻子數万、偽官五千、符璽印章寶貨無算。 全居民二十萬。 軍不敢私，市不易肆，不旬日河南悉定。 獻捷京師，歡聲動中外，以功拜河南行省平章政事，兼知河南行樞密院事、陝西行台御史中丞，仍便宜行事。 詔告天下。
In the nineteenth year (1359) Chaghan Temur set out to recover Bianliang. In the fifth month he advanced with a great army and encamped at Hulao. He first sent out scouting cavalry: the southern column marched south of Bianliang and overran Gui, Bo, Chen, and Cha; the northern column marched east of Bianliang with warships on the river, advancing by land and water together to overrun southern Cao and seize Huangling Ford. He then mobilized the Qin armies in force, marching out through Hangu Pass and past Hulao; Shanxi troops came through the Taihang, crossed the Yellow River, and all converged beneath Bianliang, first taking the outer city. Chaghan Temur himself led his armored cavalry to camp at Apricot Blossom Camp while his generals ringed the city with fortified camps. The rebels sallied again and again but were beaten every time, and at last shut themselves inside the walls. He hid troops south of the city by night; at dawn he sent Miao soldiers to swagger along the walls in a feint toward the east. The rebels emptied the city in pursuit; the ambush rose with a thunder of drums, cut them off, and routed them. He also ordered weak troops to build a stockade outside the outer wall as bait for the enemy. The rebels came out to seize it; the weak troops feigned retreat and drew them to the west wall, where armored cavalry burst forth and captured them to the last man. After that the rebels scarcely dared venture outside the walls at all. In the eighth month spies reported that the rebels' plans were exhausted and their food nearly gone; he consulted his generals Yan Sixiao, Li Keyi, Hulinchi, Sayinchi, Dahu, Tuoyin Buhua, Lü Wen, Wanzhe, He Zongzhe, Antong, Zhang Shouli, Bayan, Sun Gao, Yao Shoude, Wei Sayin Buhua, Yang Lüxin, Guan Guan, and others, and they agreed to assault each gate separately. At nightfall the troops scaled the walls with beating drums, broke the gate bar, and stormed in; the city fell. Liu Futong escorted his puppet ruler with a few hundred horsemen out the east gate and fled. They captured the rebel empress, tens of thousands of rebels' wives and children, five thousand puppet officials, seals and regalia, and treasure beyond reckoning. Two hundred thousand civilians were spared. The army took no private loot, the markets stayed open, and within ten days all Henan was pacified. News of the victory reached the capital and joy resounded through court and countryside; for his merit he was made pingzhang of the Henan branch secretariat, placed in charge of the Henan military affairs commission, and retained as Shaanxi surveillance censor-in-chief with discretionary authority. An edict proclaimed the victory to the realm.
15
先是，中原亂，江南海漕不復通，京師屢苦飢。 至是，河南既定，檄書達江浙，海漕乃復至。 察罕帖木兒既定河南，乃以兵分鎮關陝、荊襄、河洛、江淮，而重兵屯太行，營壘旌旗相望數千里。 乃日修車船，繕兵甲，務農積穀，訓練士卒，謀大舉以復山東。
Earlier, with the Central Plains in chaos, the Jiangnan grain convoys by sea had ceased, and the capital had suffered repeated famines. Now that Henan was secure, his dispatches reached Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the sea transport of grain resumed. Once Henan was secure, Chaghan Temur posted troops to garrison Guanzhong, Shaanxi, Jingxiang, the He-Luo region, and the Jianghuai, while massing his main force on the Taihang, where camps and banners stood within sight of one another for a thousand li. He repaired chariots and ships daily, refitted arms and armor, promoted farming and grain stores, drilled his troops, and planned a major campaign to recover Shandong.
16
先是，山西晉、冀之地皆察罕帖木兒所平定。 而答失八都魯之子曰孛羅帖木兒，以兵駐大同，因欲並據晉、冀，遂至兵爭，天子屢下詔和解之，終不聽，事見《本紀》及《答失八都魯傳》中。
Earlier, the Jin and Ji regions of Shanxi had all been pacified by Chaghan Temur. But Däshibadu'er's son Boluo Temur held troops at Datong and sought to seize Shanxi and Hebei for himself, and they came to blows; the emperor repeatedly issued edicts to reconcile them, but they would not comply—the affair is recorded in the Basic Annals and the biography of Däshibadu'er.
17
二十一年，諜知山東群賊自相攻殺，而濟寧田豐降於賊。 六月，察罕帖木兒乃輿疾自陝抵洛，大會諸將，與議師期。 發并州軍出井陘，遼、沁軍出邯鄲，澤、潞軍出磁州，懷、衛軍出白馬，及汴、洛軍，水陸俱下，分道並進。 而自率鐵騎，建大將旗鼓，渡孟津，逾覃懷，鼓行而東，复冠州、東昌。 八月，師至鹽河。 遣其子擴廓帖木兒及諸將等，以精卒五萬搗東平。 與東平賊兵遇，兩戰皆敗之，斬首萬餘級，直抵其城下。 察罕帖木兒以田豐據山東久，軍民服之，乃遣書諭以逆順之理。 豐及王士誠皆降。 遂復東平、濟寧。 時大軍猶未渡，群賊皆聚於濟南，而出兵齊河、禹城以相抗。 察罕帖木兒分遣奇兵，取間道出賊後，南略泰安，逼益都，北徇濟陽、章丘，中循瀕海郡邑。 乃自將大軍渡河，與賊將戰於分齊，大敗之，進逼濟南城，而齊河、禹城俱來降，南道諸將亦報捷。 再敗益都兵於好石橋，東至海濱，郡邑聞風皆送款。 攻圍濟南三月，城乃下。 詔拜中書平章政事、知河南山東行樞密院事，陝西行台中丞如故。 察罕帖木兒遂移兵圍益都，環城列營凡數十，大治攻具，百道並進。 賊悉力拒守。 复掘重塹，築長圍，遏南洋河以灌城中。 仍分守要害，收輯流亡，郡縣戶口再歸職方，號令煥然矣。
In the twenty-first year (1361) spies reported that the rebel bands in Shandong were slaughtering one another, while Tian Feng of Jining had gone over to the rebels. In the sixth month Chaghan Temur, though ill enough to travel by litter, went from Shaanxi to Luoyang, summoned his generals, and fixed the date for the campaign. The Bingzhou army marched out through Jingxing, the Liao and Qin armies through Handan, the Ze and Lu armies through Cizhou, the Huai and Wei armies through Baima, together with the Bian and Luoyang forces—all advanced by land and water in separate columns and converged. He himself led his armored cavalry, raised the grand marshal's drums and banners, crossed Meng Ford, passed Tanhuai, marched east with beating drums, and recovered Guanzhou and Dongchang. In the eighth month the army reached the Salt River. He sent his son Köke Temur and other generals with fifty thousand picked troops to strike Dongping. They met the Dongping rebel army, defeated them in two battles, beheaded more than ten thousand, and pressed to the city walls. Because Tian Feng had long held Shandong and the troops and people obeyed him, Chaghan Temur sent a letter setting forth the logic of rebellion and loyalty. Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng both submitted. He then recovered Dongping and Jining. The main army had not yet crossed the river; the rebel hosts gathered at Jinan and sent troops to Qihe and Yucheng to resist. Chaghan Temur sent flanking columns by secret routes behind the enemy—south to overrun Tai'an and press Yidu, north to sweep Jiyang and Zhangqiu, and in the center along the coastal counties. He then led the main army across the river, fought the rebel generals at Fenqi, routed them utterly, and pressed on Jinan; Qihe and Yucheng both submitted, and the southern columns also reported victory. He again defeated the Yidu troops at Haoshi Bridge; east to the seashore, counties and prefectures submitted at the news. He besieged Jinan for three months before the city fell. An edict appointed him pingzhang of the central secretariat and placed him in charge of the Henan-Shandong military affairs commission, while his post as Shaanxi surveillance censor remained unchanged. Chaghan Temur then shifted his army to besiege Yidu, ringed the city with several dozen camps, prepared siege engines on a great scale, and attacked from a hundred directions at once. The rebels resisted with all their strength. They dug deep moats, built long siege lines, and dammed the Nanyang River to flood the city. They also posted garrisons at key points, gathered in the displaced, and county household registers returned to the Board of Revenue; order and authority were restored.
18
二十二年，時山東俱平，獨益都孤城猶未下。 六月，田豐、王士誠陰結賊，复圖叛。 田豐之降也，察罕帖木兒推誠待之不疑，數獨入其帳中。 及豐既謀變，乃請察罕帖木兒行觀營壘。 眾以為不可往，察罕帖木兒曰：「吾推心待人，安得人人而防之？」 左右請以力士從，又不許，乃從輕騎十有一人行。 至王信營，又至豐營，遂為王士誠所刺。 訃聞，帝震悼，朝廷公卿及京師四方之人，不問男女老幼，無不慟哭者。
In the twenty-second year (1362), when all Shandong was pacified, only the isolated city of Yidu still held out. In the sixth month Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng secretly conspired with the rebels and plotted rebellion again. When Tian Feng had submitted, Chaghan Temur had treated him with complete trust and often entered his tent alone. Once Tian Feng had plotted treachery, he invited Chaghan Temur to inspect the camps in person. His officers urged him not to go. Chaghan Temur said, "I deal with people in good faith—must I suspect everyone?" When his attendants asked to send strong men along, he again refused and rode out with only eleven light horsemen. He reached Wang Xin's camp, then Tian Feng's camp, where Wang Shicheng stabbed him. When word of his death arrived, the emperor was stricken with grief; nobles, officials, and people of the capital and the four quarters, young and old, men and women alike, all wept in mourning.
19
先是，有白氣如索，長五百餘丈，起危宿，掃太微垣。 太史奏山東當大水。 帝曰：「不然，山東必失一良將。」 即馳詔戒察罕帖木兒勿輕舉，未至而已及於難。 詔贈推誠定遠宣忠亮節功臣、開府儀同三司、上柱國、河南行省左丞相，追封忠襄王，諡獻武。 及葬，賜賻有加，改贈宣忠興運弘仁效節功臣，追封潁川王，改諡忠襄，食邑沈丘縣，所在立祠，歲時致祭。 封其父阿魯溫汝陽王，後又進封梁王。
Earlier a white vapor like a cord, more than five hundred zhang long, had risen from the lodge Wei and swept across the celestial court of Taiwei. The court astronomers reported that Shandong would suffer great floods. The emperor said, "Not so—Shandong will surely lose a fine general." He immediately sent urgent edicts warning Chaghan Temur not to act rashly, but they arrived too late and disaster had already befallen him. An edict posthumously granted him the title of meritorious minister of sincere loyalty and far-reaching stabilization, made him grand master of splendid happiness with authority equal to the Three Excellencies and supreme pillar of state, appointed him left chancellor of the Henan branch secretariat, and enfeoffed him posthumously as Prince Loyal-Assistance with the epithet Martial-Exemplar. At his burial additional funeral gifts were bestowed; his title was changed to meritorious minister of manifest loyalty, rising fortune, broad benevolence, and effective integrity; he was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Yingchuan with the epithet Loyal-Assistance; his fief was Shenqiu County; temples were erected wherever he had served and seasonal sacrifices offered. His father Aru Temur was enfeoffed as Prince of Ruyang and later advanced to Prince of Liang.
20
於是復起擴廓帖木兒，拜銀青榮祿大夫、太尉、中書平章政事、知樞密院事、皇太子詹事，仍便宜行事，襲總其父兵。 擴廓帖木兒既領兵柄，銜哀以討賊，攻城益急，而城守益固，乃穴地通道以入。 十一月，拔其城，執其渠魁陳猱頭二百餘人獻闕下，而取田豐、王士誠之心以祭其父，餘黨皆就誅。 即遣關保以兵取莒州，於是山東悉平。 擴廓帖木兒本察罕帖木兒之甥，自幼養以為子。 當是時，東至淄、沂，西逾關陝，皆晏然無事。 擴廓帖木兒乃駐兵於汴、洛。 朝廷方倚之以為安。
Thereupon Köke Temur was restored to office, appointed silver-clad blue grand mentor of splendid happiness, grand marshal, pingzhang of the central secretariat, placed in charge of the military affairs commission, and made grand mentor of the heir apparent, with discretionary authority and overall command of his father's armies. Once Köke Temur held military command, he attacked the rebels in grief for his father; the siege grew fiercer while the defense grew stouter, so he tunneled underground passages into the city. In the eleventh month he took the city, seized more than two hundred ringleaders including Chen Maotou and presented them at court, took the hearts of Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng to sacrifice to his father, and executed the remaining partisans. He immediately sent Guan Bao with troops to take Juzhou, and thus all Shandong was pacified. Köke Temur was in fact Chaghan Temur's nephew, reared from childhood and adopted as his son. At that time, from Zi and Yi in the east to beyond Guanzhong and Shaanxi in the west, all was tranquil. Köke Temur then stationed his troops at Bianliang and Luoyang. The court was just then relying on him for security.
21
孛羅帖木兒自察罕帖木兒既沒，復數以兵爭晉、冀。 帝雖屢解諭之，而仇隙日深。 二十三年，御史大夫老的沙與知樞密院事禿堅帖木兒得罪於皇太子，皇太子欲誅之，皆奔於大同，為孛羅帖木兒所匿。 老的沙者，帝母舅，以故帝數為皇太子寢其事，而皇太子不從，帝無如之何，則傳旨密令孛羅帖木兒隱其跡。 而丞相搠思監、宦者樸不花皆附皇太子，必窮竟其事。 皇太子又方倚重於擴廓帖木兒。 時擴廓帖木兒駐太原，與孛羅帖木兒構兵，勢相持不可解。 二十四年，搠思監、樸不花因誣孛羅帖木兒、老的沙謀為不軌，而皇太子亦怒不已。 三月，天子以故下詔數孛羅帖木兒罪，削其官職而奪其兵。 孛羅帖木兒不受詔，遂遣兵逼京師，必欲得搠思監、樸不花乃已。 天子不得已，縛兩人與之。 語在搠思監、孛羅帖木兒傳。 七月，孛羅帖木兒又與老的沙合禿堅帖木兒兵同犯闕。 時擴廓帖木兒遣部將白鎖住以萬騎衛京師，駐於龍虎台，與戰不利，遂奉皇太子奔於太原。 孛羅帖木兒既入朝，據相位。 白鎖住又將二萬騎屯漁陽，為朝廷聲援。 二十五年，擴廓帖木兒以兵搗大同取之。 皇太子乃趣擴廓帖木兒大舉以討逆，發丞相也速兵屯東鄙，魏、遼、齊、吳、豫、豳諸王兵駐西邊，而自率擴廓帖木兒兵取中道，抵京師。 亡何，孛羅帖木兒既伏誅，帝詔白鎖住兵守京城，遂詔皇太子還京，而擴廓帖木兒亦扈從入朝。 九月，詔拜伯撒里右丞相，擴廓帖木兒左丞相。 伯撒里累朝舊臣，而擴廓帖木兒以後生晚出，乃與並相。 居兩月，即請南還視師。
After Chaghan Temur's death Boluo Temur again repeatedly fought for control of Shanxi and Hebei. Though the emperor repeatedly urged reconciliation, their enmity deepened daily. In the twenty-third year (1363) the censor-in-chief Laodisha and the military affairs commissioner Tuqian Temur offended the heir apparent, who wished to execute them; both fled to Datong, where Boluo Temur sheltered them. Laodisha was the emperor's maternal uncle; for this reason the emperor repeatedly urged the heir apparent to drop the matter, but the heir apparent would not comply; unable to act openly, the emperor sent secret orders instructing Boluo Temur to conceal them. But the chancellor Suosijian and the eunuch Pak Buha both sided with the heir apparent and were determined to pursue the case to its end. The heir apparent was at the same time placing great reliance on Köke Temur. At that time Köke Temur was stationed at Taiyuan and clashed with Boluo Temur; their forces were locked in stalemate with no resolution in sight. In the twenty-fourth year (1364) Suosijian and Pak Buha falsely charged Boluo Temur and Laodisha with plotting sedition, and the heir apparent's anger did not abate. In the third month the emperor issued an edict enumerating Boluo Temur's crimes, stripped him of his offices, and seized his troops. Boluo Temur refused the edict and sent troops against the capital, vowing not to stop until he had Suosijian and Pak Buha in his hands. The emperor had no choice and had the two men bound and handed over. The full account is given in the biographies of Suosijian and Boluo Temur. In the seventh month Boluo Temur again joined Laodisha and Tuqian Temur in marching on the capital. At that time Köke Temur had sent his subordinate Bai Suozhu with ten thousand horsemen to guard the capital, encamped at Longhu Terrace; the battle went against them, and he escorted the heir apparent in flight to Taiyuan. Once Boluo Temur had entered court, he seized the chancellorship. Bai Suozhu again led twenty thousand horsemen to camp at Yuyang as a reinforcement for the court. In the twenty-fifth year (1365) Köke Temur struck at Datong with troops and took it. The heir apparent then urged Köke Temur to mount a great campaign against the rebels, mobilized Chancellor Yesüder's troops on the eastern frontier, posted the princes of Wei, Liao, Qi, Wu, Yu, and Bin on the west, and himself led Köke Temur's army by the central route to the capital. Before long Boluo Temur was executed; the emperor ordered Bai Suozhu's troops to guard the capital, summoned the heir apparent back to the capital, and Köke Temur escorted him into court. In the ninth month an edict appointed Barsari right chancellor and Köke Temur left chancellor. Barsari was a veteran of many reigns, while Köke Temur was a younger man who had risen late, yet they were made coequal chancellors. After two months he asked to return south to oversee the armies.
22
是時，中原雖無事，而江淮、川蜀皆非我所有。 皇太子累請出督師，而帝難之，乃詔封擴廓帖木兒河南王，俾總天下兵而代之行。 擴廓帖木兒於是分省以自隨，官屬之盛，幾與朝廷等，而用孫翥、趙恆等為謀主。 二十六年二月，自京師還河南，欲廬墓以終喪。 左右咸以謂受命出師不可中止，乃復北渡，居懷慶，又移居彰德。
At that time the Central Plains were tranquil, but Jianghuai and Sichuan were no longer in imperial hands. The heir apparent repeatedly asked to go out and command the armies, but the emperor hesitated; he then enfeoffed Köke Temur as Prince of Henan and ordered him to command all armies under Heaven in the heir apparent's stead. Köke Temur took a branch secretariat with him; his retinue nearly rivaled the court in splendor, and he made Sun Gao and Zhao Heng his chief advisers. In the second month of the twenty-sixth year (1366) he left the capital for Henan, intending to build a mourning lodge at his father's tomb and complete the mourning period. His attendants all said that having received orders to campaign he could not stop; he crossed north again, settled at Huaiqing, then moved to Zhangde.
23
初，李思齊與察罕帖木兒同起義師，齒位相等。 及是擴廓帖木兒總其兵，思齊心不能平。 而張良弼首拒命，孔興、脫列伯等亦皆以功自恃，各懷異見，請別為一軍，莫肯統屬。 釁隙既開，遂成仇敵。 擴廓帖木兒乃遣關保、虎林赤以兵西攻良弼於鹿台，而思齊亦與良弼合，兵連不能罷。 擴廓帖木兒始受命南征，而顧乃退居彰德，又惟務用兵陝西，天子之命置而不問，朝廷因疑其有異志。 皇太子之奔太原也，欲用唐肅宗靈武故事，因而自立。 擴廓帖木兒與孛蘭奚等不從。 及還京師，皇后奇氏傳旨，令擴廓帖木兒以重兵擁太子入城，欲脅帝禪之位。 擴廓帖木兒知其意，比至京城三十里，即散遣其軍。 由是皇太子心銜之。 及是，屢趣其出師江淮。 擴廓帖木兒第遣弟脫因帖木兒及部將完哲、貊高以兵往山東。 而西兵互相勝負，終不解。 帝又下詔和解之，顧乃戕殺詔使天下奴等，而跋扈之跡成矣。
Earlier Li Siqi and Chaghan Temur had raised loyalist armies together as equals in rank and seniority. Now that Köke Temur commanded his troops, Siqi could not accept it in his heart. Zhang Liangbi was the first to refuse orders; Kong Xing, Tuoliebo, and others also relied on their merits, each harbored his own views, asked to form separate armies, and would accept no unified command. Once enmity had opened between them, they became sworn enemies. Köke Temur then sent Guan Bao and Hulinchi west to attack Zhang Liangbi at Lutai, while Li Siqi also joined Liangbi; the fighting continued without cease. Köke Temur had first received orders for the southern campaign, yet he withdrew to Zhangde and devoted himself solely to war in Shaanxi, ignoring the emperor's commands; the court therefore suspected him of disloyal intent. When the heir apparent fled to Taiyuan he wished to follow the Tang precedent of Emperor Suzong at Lingwu and establish himself as ruler. Köke Temur and Bolanxi and others would not comply. On returning to the capital, Empress Qi transmitted an order instructing Köke Temur to enter the city with a heavy escort for the heir apparent, intending to force the emperor to abdicate. Köke Temur understood their intent; when he was still thirty li from the capital he dispersed his army. For this the heir apparent bore a grievance against him. Now he repeatedly urged him to campaign in Jianghuai. Köke Temur only sent his younger brother Tuoyin Temur and the generals Wanzhe and Mo Gao with troops to Shandong. But the western armies traded victories back and forth and in the end could not be resolved. The emperor again issued an edict to reconcile them, yet Köke Temur slaughtered the edict envoy Tianxia Nu and others, and his overbearing conduct was fully manifest.
24
二十七年八月，帝乃下詔命皇太子親出總天下兵馬，而分命擴廓帖木兒以其兵自潼關以東，肅清江淮； 李思齊以其兵自鳳翔以西，進取川蜀； 禿魯以其兵與張良弼、孔興、脫列伯等取襄樊； 王信以其兵固守山東信地。 然詔書雖下，皇太子亦竟止不行，而分兵之命，擴廓帖木兒終扞拒不肯受。 於是貊高、關保等皆叛擴廓帖木兒。 關保自察罕帖木兒起兵以來即為將，勇冠諸軍，功最高。 而貊高善論兵，尤為察罕帖木兒所信任。 及是，兩人見擴廓帖木兒有不臣之心，故皆叛之，列其罪狀聞於朝，舉兵共攻之。 而皇太子用沙藍答兒、帖林沙、伯顏帖木兒、李國鳳等計，立撫軍院，總制天下軍馬，專備擴廓帖木兒。 以貊高等能倡大義，賜號忠義功臣。
In the eighth month of the twenty-seventh year (1367) the emperor ordered the heir apparent to go out in person and command all armies under Heaven, while assigning Köke Temur with his troops from east of Tong Pass to purge Jianghuai; Li Siqi with his troops from west of Fengxiang to advance into Sichuan; Tuolubu with his troops, together with Zhang Liangbi, Kong Xing, and Tuoliebo, to take Xiangyang and Fancheng; Wang Xin with his troops to hold fast to his Shandong territories. Yet though the edict was issued, the heir apparent in the end still did not go out, and Köke Temur to the end resisted and refused the order to divide his troops. Thereupon Mo Gao, Guan Bao, and others all rebelled against Köke Temur. Guan Bao had served as a general from the time Chaghan Temur first raised his army; his bravery surpassed all others and his achievements were highest. Mo Gao was skilled at military discussion and was especially trusted by Chaghan Temur. Now the two, seeing Köke Temur's disloyal intent, both rebelled, set forth his crimes in reports to the court, and raised troops jointly to attack him. The heir apparent adopted the plans of Shaladai'er, Tielinsha, Bayan Temur, Li Guofeng, and others, established the Pacification Army Commission to command all armies under Heaven, and devoted it solely to guarding against Köke Temur. Because Mo Gao and others had upheld the righteous cause, they were granted the title of meritorious ministers of loyalty and righteousness.
25
十月，詔落擴廓帖木兒太傅、中書左丞相，依前河南王，以汝州為食邑，與弟脫因帖木兒同居河南府，而以河南府為梁王食邑，從行官屬悉令還朝。 凡擴廓帖木兒所總諸軍，在帳前者白鎖住、虎林赤領之，在河南者李克彝領之，在山東者也速領之，在山西者沙藍答兒領之，在河北者貊高領之。 擴廓帖木兒既受詔，即退軍屯澤州。 詔又命禿魯與李思齊、張良弼、孔興、脫列伯率兵東向，以正天討。 二十八年，朝廷命左丞孫景益分省太原，關保以兵為之守。 擴廓帖木兒即遣兵據太原，而盡殺朝廷所置官。 皇太子乃命魏賽因不花及關保皆以兵與思齊、良弼諸軍夾攻澤州，而天子又下詔削奪擴廓帖木兒爵邑，令諸軍共誅之，其將士官吏效順者與免本罪，惟孫翥、趙恆罪在所不赦。 二月，擴廓帖木兒退守於平陽，而關保遂據澤、潞二州，以與貊高合。 時李思齊、張良弼、孔興、脫列伯與擴廓帖木兒相持既久，大明兵時已及河南，思齊、良弼皆遣使詣擴廓帖木兒，告以出師非本心，乃解兵大掠西歸。 七月，貊高、關保進攻平陽。 當是時，擴廓帖木兒氣稍沮，而關保、貊高勢甚振，數請戰，擴廓帖木兒不應，或師出即復退。 一日，諜知貊高分軍掠祁縣，即夜出師薄其營掩擊之，大敗其眾，貊高、關保皆就擒。 朝廷聞之，遽罷撫軍院，而帖林沙、伯顏帖木兒、李國鳳等以誤國皆受黜。 既而擴廓帖木兒上疏自陳其情悃，帝尋亦悔悟，下詔滌其前非。
In the tenth month an edict removed Köke Temur's posts as grand mentor and left chancellor of the central secretariat; he remained Prince of Henan as before, with Ruzhou as his fief; he was to dwell in Henan Prefecture with his younger brother Tuoyin Temur, while Henan Prefecture was made the fief of the Prince of Liang; all his attending officials were ordered back to court. All armies formerly under Köke Temur were reassigned: headquarters to Bai Suozhu and Hulinchi, Henan to Li Keyi, Shandong to Yesüder, Shanxi to Shaladai'er, and Hebei to Mo Gao. Once Köke Temur had received the edict, he withdrew his army to camp at Zezhou. An edict also ordered Tuolubu together with Li Siqi, Zhang Liangbi, Kong Xing, and Tuoliebo to lead troops eastward to carry out Heaven's punishment. In the twenty-eighth year (1368) the court appointed left councillor Sun Jingyi to the Taiyuan branch secretariat, with Guan Bao's troops to garrison it. Köke Temur immediately sent troops to seize Taiyuan and killed all officials the court had installed. The heir apparent then ordered Wei Sayin Buhua and Guan Bao to join Li Siqi's and Zhang Liangbi's armies in a pincer attack on Zezhou, while the emperor again stripped Köke Temur of his fief and titles and ordered all armies jointly to execute him; officers, soldiers, and officials who submitted would be pardoned, but Sun Gao and Zhao Heng alone were beyond pardon. In the second month Köke Temur fell back to defend Pingyang, while Guan Bao seized Ze and Lu prefectures and joined with Mo Gao. By then Li Siqi, Zhang Liangbi, Kong Xing, and Tuoliebo had confronted Köke Temur for a long time; Great Ming forces had already reached Henan; Li Siqi and Zhang Liangbi both sent envoys to Köke Temur saying their campaigns had not been voluntary, then dismissed their armies, plundered heavily, and marched west in retreat. In the seventh month Mo Gao and Guan Bao advanced to attack Pingyang. At that time Köke Temur's morale was somewhat broken, while Guan Bao and Mo Gao were in high spirits; they repeatedly asked for battle, but Köke Temur would not respond, or if he marched out he at once withdrew. One day spies reported that Mo Gao had divided his army to plunder Qi County; Köke Temur marched out that night, pressed close to their camp, and struck by surprise; he routed their force utterly, and Mo Gao and Guan Bao were both captured. When the court heard this it hastily abolished the Pacification Army Commission, while Tielinsha, Bayan Temur, Li Guofeng, and others were all dismissed for having harmed the state. Köke Temur then submitted a memorial stating his loyal intent in full; the emperor soon came to regret and issued an edict cleansing his former faults.
26
於是大明兵已定山東及河、洛，中原俱不守。 閏七月，帝乃下詔，復命擴廓帖木兒仍前河南王、太傅、中書左丞相，孫翥、趙恆並復舊職，以兵從河北南討，也速以兵趨山東，禿魯兵出潼關，李思齊兵出七盤、金、商，以圖复汴、洛。 未幾，也速兵遂潰，禿魯、思齊兵亦未嘗出，而擴廓帖木兒又自平陽退守太原，不復敢南向，事已不可為矣。 已而大明兵迫京城，帝北奔，國遂以亡。 及大明兵至太原，擴廓帖木兒即棄城遁，領其餘眾西奔於甘肅。
By then Great Ming troops had already secured Shandong and the He-Luo region; the Central Plains were all abandoned. In the intercalary seventh month the emperor issued an edict restoring Köke Temur to his former titles as Prince of Henan, grand mentor, and left chancellor of the central secretariat, restoring Sun Gao and Zhao Heng to their former posts, ordering him with troops to campaign south from Hebei, Yesüder toward Shandong, Tuolubu's army out through Tong Pass, Li Siqi's army out through Qipan, Jin, and Shang, to recover Bianliang and Luoyang. Before long Yesüder's army collapsed; Tuolubu and Li Siqi's troops never marched out either; Köke Temur again fell back from Pingyang to defend Taiyuan and no longer dared march south—the affair was already beyond recovery. Before long Great Ming troops pressed the capital; the emperor fled north, and the state was thus lost. When Great Ming troops reached Taiyuan, Köke Temur at once abandoned the city and fled, leading his remaining forces west into Gansu.