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答失八都鲁
Dashibadoulu
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答失八都鲁，曾祖纽璘、祖也速答兒，有传。 答失八都鲁，南加台子也。 以世袭万户镇守罗罗宣尉司。 土人作乱，答失八都鲁捕获有功，四川省举充船桥万户。 出征雲南，升大理宣慰司都元帅。 至正十一年，特除四川行省参知政事，拨本部探马赤军三千，从平章咬住讨贼于荆襄。 九月，次安平站。 时咬住兵既平江陵，答失八都鲁请自攻襄阳。 十二年，进次荆门。 时贼十万，官军止三千餘，遂用宋廷杰计，招募襄阳官吏及土豪避兵者，得义丁二万，编排部伍，申其约束。 行至蛮河，贼守要害，兵不得渡，即令屈万户率奇兵由间道出其后，首尾夹攻，贼大败。 追至襄阳城南，大战，生擒其伪将三十人，腰斩之。 贼自是闭门不复出。 答失八都鲁乃相视形势，内列八翼，包络襄城； 外置八营，军岘山、楚山，以截其援； 自以中军四千据虎头山，以瞰城中。 署从征人李复为南漳县尹，黎可举为宜城县尹，拊循其民，以赋军馈。 城中之民受围日久，夜半，二人缒城叩营门，具告虚实，愿为内应。 答失八都鲁与之定约，以五月朔日四更攻城，授之密号而去。 至期，民垂绳以引官军，先登者近千人。 时贼船百餘艘在城北，阴募善水者凿其底。 天将明，城破，贼巷战不胜，走就船，船坏，皆溺水死。 伪将王权领千骑西走，遇伏兵被擒。 襄阳遂平。 加答失八都鲁资善大夫，赐上尊及黄金束带，以其弟识里木为襄阳达鲁花赤，子孛罗帖木兒为雲南行省理问。 比贼再犯荆门、安陆、沔阳，答失八都鲁辄引兵败之。 寻诏益兵五千，以乌撒乌蒙元帅成都不花听其调发。 十三年，定青山、荆门诸寨。 九月，率兵略均、房，平谷城，攻开武当山寨数十，获伪将杜将军。 十二月，趋攻峡州，破伪将赵明远木驴寨。 升四川行省右丞，赐金系腰。 十四年正月，复峡州。 三月，升四川行省平章政事，兼知行枢密院事，总荆襄诸军。 五月，命玉枢虎兒吐华代答失八都鲁守中兴、荆门，且令答失八都鲁以兵赴汝宁。 十月，诏与太不花会军讨安丰。 是月，复苗军所据郑、钧、许三州。 十二月，复河阴、巩县。 十五年，命答失八都鲁就管领太不花一应诸王籓将兵马，许以便宜行事。 六月，拜河南行省平章政事。 进次许州长葛，与刘福通野战，为其所败，将士奔溃。 九月，至中牟，收散卒，团结屯种。 贼复来劫营，掠其辎重，遂与孛罗帖木兒相失。 刘哈剌不花进兵来援，大破贼兵，获孛罗帖木兒归之。 复驻汴梁东南青堽。 十二月，调兵进讨，大败贼于太康，遂围亳州，伪宋主小明王遁。 十六年，加金紫光禄大夫。 三月，朝廷差脱欢知院来督兵，答失八都鲁父子亲与刘福通对敌，自巳至酉，大战数合，答失八都鲁坠马，孛罗帖木兒扶令上马先还，自持弓矢连发以毙追者，夜三更步回营中。 十月，移驻陈留。 十一月，攻取夹河刘福通寨。 十二月庚申，次高柴店，逼太康三十里。 是夜二鼓，贼五百餘骑来劫，以有备亟遁。 火而追之，比晓，督阵力战，自寅至巳，四门皆陷，壮士缘城入其郛，斩首数万，擒伪将军张敏、孙韩等九人，杀伪丞相王、罗二人。 辛酉，太康悉平，遣孛罗帖木兒告捷京师。 帝赐劳内殿，王其先臣三世，拜河南行省左丞相，仍兼知行枢密院事，守御汴梁； 识里木雲南行省左丞； 孛罗帖木兒四川行省左丞； 将校僚属赏爵有差。 十七年三月，诏朝京师，加开府仪同三司、太尉、四川行省左丞相。 九月，取沟城、东明、长垣三县。 十月，诏遣知院达理麻失理来援，分兵雷泽、濮州，而达理麻失理为刘福通所杀，达达诸军皆溃。 答失八都鲁力不能支，退驻石村。 朝廷颇疑其玩寇失机，使者促战相踵。 贼觇知之，诈为答失八都鲁通和书，遗诸道路，使者果得之以进。 答失八都鲁觉知，一夕忧愤死，十二月庚子也。 子孛罗帖木兒别有传。
Dashibadoulu's great-grandfather Niulian and grandfather Yesudaer are each treated in their own biographies. Dashibadoulu was the son of Nanjiatai. He inherited the post of myriarch and was stationed to guard the Luoluo Pacification Commission. When local tribes rose in revolt, Dashibadoulu distinguished himself in capturing the ringleaders, and the Sichuan authorities recommended him for the post of Ship Bridge Myriarch. After campaigning in Yunnan, he was promoted to Grand Marshal of the Dali Pacification Commission. In Zhizheng 11 he received a special appointment as Vice Councilor of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat, was allotted three thousand temür-chi from his own command, and marched with Grand Councilor Yaozhu to suppress rebels in the Jing-Xiang region. In the ninth month his army encamped at Anping Station. By then Yaozhu's forces had already pacified Jiangling, and Dashibadoulu asked leave to take Xiangyang on his own. In the twelfth year he advanced and made camp at Jingmen. The rebels then numbered a hundred thousand, while government forces stood at barely three thousand. He adopted Song Tingjie's plan, recruiting Xiangyang officials and local magnates who had fled the fighting until he had twenty thousand volunteer militia, whom he organized into units and brought under strict discipline. At Man River the rebels held the strategic crossings and blocked the army's passage. He sent Myriarch Qu with picked troops by a hidden route to strike their rear while the main force attacked from the front; caught between two fires, the rebels suffered a crushing defeat. Pursuing to the south gate of Xiangyang, they fought a major battle, took thirty rebel generals alive, and executed them by cutting them in two at the waist. From then on the rebels shut the gates and refused to come out. Dashibadoulu then surveyed the terrain and deployed eight wings within to encircle Xiangyang; outside he established eight camps on Xian and Chu mountains to sever their lines of relief; and he personally held Tiger Head Mountain with four thousand men of the central army to command a view over the city. He appointed Li Fu, who had joined the campaign, magistrate of Nanzhang and Li Keju magistrate of Yicheng, charged them with reassuring the populace, and levied supplies to feed the army. The townspeople, worn down by a long siege, sent two men over the wall at midnight to knock at the camp gate, report the city's true condition, and offer to serve as inside collaborators. Dashibadoulu struck a pact with them to storm the city at the fourth watch on the first day of the fifth month, gave them a secret recognition signal, and sent them back. When the appointed day came, townspeople lowered ropes to haul government troops up the wall; nearly a thousand men gained the ramparts first. More than a hundred rebel boats lay north of the city; he secretly recruited skilled swimmers to scuttle them from below. As dawn broke the city fell. Unable to hold the streets, the rebels fled for the boats, but the boats had been sunk and they all drowned. The rebel general Wang Quan fled west with a thousand horsemen, ran into an ambush, and was captured. Xiangyang was thereby pacified. Dashibadoulu was promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and rewarded with imperial wine and a gold belt; his younger brother Shipimu was made darughachi of Xiangyang and his son Boluotiemuer judicial intendant of the Yunnan Branch Secretariat. Whenever the rebels struck again at Jingmen, Anlu, or Mianyang, Dashibadoulu led his troops out and beat them back. An edict soon reinforced him with five thousand men and placed Wusa-Wumeng Marshal Chengdu Buhua under his orders for deployment. In the thirteenth year he pacified the stockades at Qingshan, Jingmen, and elsewhere. In the ninth month he led troops through Jun and Fang, pacified Gucheng, stormed several dozen stockades in the Wudang Mountains, and captured the rebel general known as General Du. In the twelfth month he pressed the attack on Xia Prefecture and stormed the mobile-tower stockade held by the rebel Zhao Mingyuan. He was promoted to Right Chancellor of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat and granted a gold waist-girdle. In the first month of the fourteenth year he recovered Xia Prefecture. In the third month he rose to Grand Councilor of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat, was concurrently charged with the Bureau of Military Affairs, and given overall command of all forces in the Jing-Xiang theater. In the fifth month Yushu Huer Tuhua was ordered to relieve Dashibadoulu of the garrison at Zhongxing and Jingmen, while Dashibadoulu marched with his army to Runing. In the tenth month an edict ordered him to unite with Taibuhua's army to suppress Anfeng. That same month he recovered Zheng, Jun, and Xu, which the Miao rebel armies had occupied. In the twelfth month he recovered Heyin and Gong County. In the fifteenth year Dashibadoulu was placed in immediate command of all princely and frontier forces attached to Taibuhua's command, with authority to act at his own discretion. In the sixth month he was appointed Grand Councilor of the Henan Branch Secretariat. He advanced to Changge in Xu Prefecture and met Liu Futong in open battle, but was defeated and his troops broke and fled. In the ninth month he reached Zhongmou, rallied his scattered troops, and organized them into farming settlements. The rebels raided the camp again and carried off the baggage train, and he lost contact with Boluotiemuer. Liu Halabuhua marched to his relief, routed the rebel army, recovered Boluotiemuer, and restored him to his father. He encamped again at Qinggang, southeast of Bianliang. In the twelfth month he took the field, routed the rebels at Taikang, and besieged Bozhou until the pretender Song ruler, the Little Ming King, fled. In the sixteenth year he was advanced to Grand Master of the Golden Girdle and Purple Clasp. In the third month the court sent Commissioner Tohuan to supervise operations. Father and son fought Liu Futong in person from mid-morning until evening in several fierce engagements. Dashibadoulu was unhorsed; Boluotiemuer helped him remount and withdraw first, then stood his ground with bow and arrow, shooting down pursuers one after another before walking back into camp at the third watch of the night. In the tenth month he shifted his headquarters to Chenliu. In the eleventh month he stormed Liu Futong's stockade at Jiahe. On the gengshen day of the twelfth month he encamped at Gaochai Inn, within thirty li of Taikang. That night at the second watch more than five hundred rebel horsemen attempted a raid, but finding the camp on alert they fled at once. He lit beacons and gave chase. By dawn he was driving the battle lines from early morning until mid-morning; all four gates fell, and stalwarts scaled the walls into the outer city. Tens of thousands were slain; nine rebel generals including Zhang Min and Sun Han were taken alive; and the rebel chancellors Wang and Luo were executed. On the xinyou day Taikang was wholly pacified, and he dispatched Boluotiemuer to report the victory to the capital. The emperor received him in the inner hall with words of praise, ennobled three generations of his forebears, named him Left Chancellor of the Henan Branch Secretariat while retaining charge of the Bureau of Military Affairs, and charged him with the defense of Bianliang; Shipimu was made Left Vice Chancellor of the Yunnan Branch Secretariat; Boluotiemuer was made Left Vice Chancellor of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat; and his generals, officers, and staff received graded rewards of rank. In the third month of the seventeenth year he was summoned to the capital and advanced to Bearer of the Golden Girdle with Privileges Equal to the Three Dukes, Grand Marshal, and Left Chancellor of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat. In the ninth month he recovered the counties of Gouchang, Dongming, and Changyuan. In the tenth month an edict dispatched Commissioner Dalimashili to reinforce him with troops divided between Leize and Puzhou, but Dalimashili was killed by Liu Futong and the Mongol forces collapsed. Unable to hold the line, Dashibadoulu withdrew to Shicun. The court grew suspicious that he was indulging the rebels and missing his chances; envoys urging him to fight arrived one after another. The rebels learned of the court's suspicions and forged letters purporting to show Dashibadoulu negotiating with the enemy, which they scattered along the roads; envoys duly found them and carried them to the throne. When Dashibadoulu learned what had happened, he died in a single night of grief and rage — on the gengzi day of the twelfth month. His son Boluotiemuer is treated in a separate biography.
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庆童，字明德，康里氏。 祖明里帖木兒，父斡罗思，皆封益国公。 庆童早以勋臣子孙受知仁庙，给事内廷，遂长宿卫。 授大宗正府掌判，三迁为上都留守。 又累迁为江西、河南二行省平章政事。 入为太府卿。 复为上都留守。 出为辽阳行省平章政事，以宽厚为政，辽人德之。 至正十年，迁平章，行省江浙。 适时承平，颇沉湎于宴乐，凡遗逸之士举校官者，辄摈斥不用，由是不为物论所与。 明年，盗起汝、颍，已而蔓延于江浙，江东之饶、信、徽、宣、铅山、广德，浙西之常、湖、建德，所在不守。 庆童分遣僚佐往督师旅，曾不逾时，以次克复。 既乃令长吏按视民数，凡诖误者悉置不问，招徠流离，俾安故业，发官粟以赈之。 省治毁于兵，则拓其故址，俾之一新。 募贫民为工役而偿之以钱，杭民赖以存活者尤众。 十四年，脱脱以太师、右丞相统大兵南征，一切军资衣甲器仗谷粟薪藁之属，咸取具于江浙。 庆童规措有方，陆运川输，千里相属，朝廷赖之。 明年，盗起常之无锡，众议以重兵歼之，庆童曰：「赤子无知，迫于有司，故弄兵耳。 苟谕以祸福，彼无不降之理。」 盗闻之，果投戈解甲，请为良民。 十六年，平江、湖州陷。 义兵元帅方家奴以所部军屯杭城之北关，钩结同党，相煽为恶，劫掠财货，白昼杀人，民以为患。 庆童言于丞相达识帖睦迩曰：「我师无律，何以克敌？ 必斩方家奴乃可出师。」 丞相乃与庆童入其军，数其罪，斩首以徇，民大悦。 继而苗军帅杨完者以其军守杭城。 丞相达识帖睦迩既承制授完者江浙行省右丞，而完者益以功自骄，因求娶庆童女。 庆童初不许，时苗军势甚张，达识帖睦迩方倚以为重，强为主婚，庆童不得已以女与之。 明年，出镇海宁州，距杭百里，地濒海硗瘠，民甚贫。 居二年，盗息而民阜。 至是，庆童在江浙已七年，涉历险艰，劳绩甚优著，召拜翰林学士承旨，改淮南行省平章政事，未行，仍任江浙。 十八年，迁福建行省平章政事，未行，拜江南行台御史大夫，赐以御衣、上尊。 时南行台治绍兴，所辖诸道皆阻绝不通。 绍兴之东，明、台诸郡则制于方国珍，其西杭、苏诸郡则据于张士诚。 宪台纲纪不复可振，徒存空名而已。 二十年，召还朝，庆童乃由海道趋京师。 拜中书平章政事。 俄有谮其子刚僧私通宫人者，帝怒杀之。 庆童因鞅鞅不得志，移疾家居久之，日饮酒以自遣。 二十五年，诏拜陕西行省左丞相。 时李思齐拥兵关中，庆童至则御之以礼，待之以和。 居三年，关陕用宁。 召还京师。 二十八年七月，大明兵逼京城，帝与皇太子及六宫至于宰臣近戚皆北奔，而命淮王帖木兒不花监国，庆童为中书左丞相以辅之。 八月二日，京城破，淮王与庆童出齐化门，皆被杀。
Qingtong, courtesy name Mingde, was of the Kangli clan. His grandfather Mingli Temur and his father Yarousi had both been enfeoffed as Dukes of Beneficent States. As a descendant of meritorious ministers, Qingtong won early favor at the court of Renzong, served in the inner palace, and in time rose through the palace guard. He was appointed chief judge of the Grand Imperial Clan Court and, after three promotions, became Metropolitan Guardian of Shangdu. He rose in succession to Grand Councilor of the Jiangxi and Henan branch secretariats. He was recalled to the capital as Director of the Imperial Storehouse. He again served as Metropolitan Guardian of Shangdu. He was posted as Grand Councilor of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat, where his lenient and humane rule won the gratitude of the people of Liaodong. In Zhizheng 10 he was transferred to serve as Grand Councilor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. The realm was still at peace, and he gave himself over to feasting and music. Whenever reclusive scholars were recommended for school posts, he rejected them out of hand, and for this he won little esteem among contemporaries. The following year rebels rose in Ru and Ying and soon spread through Jiang-Zhe: east of the river at Rao, Xin, Hui, Xuan, Qianshan, and Guangde; west of Zhe at Chang, Hu, and Jiande — everywhere defenses collapsed. Qingtong sent his subordinates to direct the armies, and within a season the districts were recovered one after another. He then ordered local officials to survey the population, cleared all who had been wrongly implicated, summoned back the displaced, restored them to their former livelihoods, and distributed government grain for relief. The provincial headquarters, destroyed in the fighting, he rebuilt on its old site until it was wholly renewed. He recruited the poor as laborers and paid them in cash; especially many families in Hangzhou survived by this means. In the fourteenth year Toghto, as Grand Preceptor and Right Chancellor, led a great southern campaign, and every item of military supply — clothing, armor, weapons, grain, and fodder — was levied from Jiang-Zhe. Qingtong organized the effort with skill: overland convoys and river barges stretched for a thousand li, and the court depended on him. The following year rebels rose at Wuxi in Chang Prefecture. Many urged crushing them with heavy troops, but Qingtong said, "These are ignorant common folk driven to arms by harsh officials. If we explain to them the consequences of fortune and ruin, there is no reason they will not submit." When the rebels heard this, they cast aside their weapons and armor and asked to return to peaceful life. In the sixteenth year Pingjiang and Huzhou fell. The volunteer-army marshal Fang Kena encamped his troops at Hangzhou's North Pass, where he colluded with accomplices, incited one another to violence, plundered goods, and killed people in broad daylight until the populace lived in fear. Qingtong said to Chancellor Dashi Timur, "Our troops have no discipline — how can we defeat the enemy? Fang Kena must be executed before we can take the field." The chancellor then entered the camp with Qingtong, recited his crimes, and had him beheaded as a warning; the people rejoiced. Soon afterward the Miao-army commander Yang Waner garrisoned Hangzhou with his troops. Chancellor Dashi Timur, acting under imperial commission, had appointed Waner Right Vice Chancellor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat; emboldened by his victories, Waner asked for Qingtong's daughter in marriage. Qingtong refused at first, but the Miao armies were then at the height of their power and Dashi Timur depended on them heavily; he compelled the match, and Qingtong had no choice but to give his daughter. The following year he was posted to garrison Haining Prefecture, a hundred li from Hangzhou on a barren coast where the people were desperately poor. Within two years banditry had ceased and the people prospered. By then Qingtong had served seven years in Jiang-Zhe through grave dangers with outstanding merit. He was summoned as Academician Expositor-in-Chief and appointed Grand Councilor of the Huainan Branch Secretariat, but before he could depart he was kept at his post in Jiang-Zhe. In the eighteenth year he was transferred to Grand Councilor of the Fujian Branch Secretariat, but before he could leave he was named Censor-in-Chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate and granted imperial robes and wine. The Southern Branch Censorate was then administered from Shaoxing, but every circuit under its jurisdiction was cut off and impassable. East of Shaoxing the prefectures of Ming and Tai were controlled by Fang Guozhen; to the west Hang and Su were held by Zhang Shicheng. The censorate's authority could no longer be restored; it existed in name only. In the twentieth year he was recalled to court, and Qingtong made his way to the capital by sea. He was appointed Grand Councilor of the Central Secretariat. Soon someone accused his son Gangseng of an affair with palace women; the emperor flew into a rage and had him executed. Disheartened and unable to advance, Qingtong pleaded illness and stayed home for a long while, drinking every day to dull his grief. In the twenty-fifth year an edict named him Left Chancellor of the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat. Li Sizhi then held the Guanzhong region with his army; when Qingtong arrived he received him with full ceremony and treated him with conciliation. Within three years Guan and Shaanxi were at peace. He was recalled to the capital. In the seventh month of the twenty-eighth year Ming forces closed on the capital. The emperor, the crown prince, the inner palaces, the chief ministers, and the imperial kin all fled north. The Huai Prince Temür Buhua was left to oversee the realm, with Qingtong as Left Chancellor of the Central Secretariat to assist him. On the second day of the eighth month the capital fell. The Huai Prince and Qingtong went out through Qihua Gate and were both slain.
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也速，蒙古人，倜傥有能名。 由宿卫历尚乘寺提点，迁宣政院参议。 至正十四年，河南贼芝麻李据徐州，也速从太师脱脱南征，徐州城坚不可猝拔，脱脱用也速计，以巨石为砲，昼夜攻之不息，贼困莫能支。 也速又攻破其南关外城，贼遂遁走。 以功除同知中政院事。 继又领军从父太尉月阔察兒征淮西，会贼围安丰，即往援之。 渡淮无舟，因策马探水深浅，浮而过。 贼大骇，撤围去。 进攻濠州，有诏班师，乃还。 升将作院使。 复从太尉征淮东，取盱眙。 迁淮南行枢密院副使，升同知枢密院事。 讨贼海州，大败之。 贼走，航海袭山东，尽有其地。 也速计贼必乘胜北侵，急引兵北还，表里击之，复滕、兗二州，及费、邹、曲阜、宁阳、泗水五县，贼势遂衄。 未几，复泰安州及平阴、肥城、莱芜、新泰四县，又平安水等五十三寨。 升知枢密院事。 讨蒲台贼杜黑兒，擒送京师磔之。 东昌贼将北寇，道出陵州，也速邀击于景州，斩获殆尽。 复阜城县。 有诏命也速以军屯单家桥，断贼北路。 贼转攻长芦，也速往与战，流矢贯左手，不顾，转斗无前，杀贼五百餘人，夺马三千匹。 于是分兵下山寨，民争来归。 拜中书平章政事，改行省淮南。 雄州、蔚州贼继起，也速悉平之。 知枢密院事刘哈剌不花所部卒掠怀来、云州，欲为乱，也速以轻骑击灭其首祸者，降其众隶麾下。 贼陷大宁，诏也速往讨之。 贼兵次侯家店，也速遇贼，即前与战，自昏抵曙，散而复合。 也速遣别骑绕出贼后，贼腹背受敌，大败。 遂拔大宁，擒首贼汤通、周成等三十五人，磔于都市。 召入觐，赏赉优渥，进阶金紫光禄大夫、知枢密院事。 既而贼雷帖木兒不花、程思忠等陷永平，诏也速出师，遂复滦州及迁安县。 时辽东郡县惟永平不被兵，储粟十万，刍藁山积，居民殷富。 贼乘间窃入，增土筑城，因河为堑，坚守不可下。 也速乃外筑大营，绝其樵采，数与贼战，获其伪帅二百餘人，平山寨数十。 又复昌黎、抚宁二县，擒雷帖木兒不花送京师。 贼急，乃乞降于参政彻力帖木兒，为请命于朝。 诏许之，命也速退师。 也速度贼必以计怠我师，乃严备以侦之。 程思忠果弃城遁去，亟追至瑞州，杀获万计。 贼遂东走金复州。 诏还京师。 拜辽阳行省左丞相，知行枢密院事，抚安迤东兵农，委以便宜，开省于永平，总兵如故。 金、复、海、盖、乾、王等贼并起，西侵兴中州，阴由海道趋永平，闻也速开省乃止。 也速亟分兵防其冲突。 贼乃转攻大宁，为守将王聚所败，斩其渠魁，众溃，皆西走。 也速虑贼窥上都，即调右丞忽林台提兵护上都，简精锐自蹑贼后。 贼果寇上都，忽林台击破之，贼众又大溃。 永平、大宁于是始平。 乃分命官属，劳来安辑其民，使什伍相保以事耕种，民为立石颂其勋德。 二十四年，孛罗帖木兒与右丞相搠思监、宦者朴不花有怨，遣兵犯阙，执二人以去，而也速遂拜中书左丞相。 七月，孛罗帖木兒留兵守大同，自率兵复向阙。 京师大震，百官从帝城守，皇太子统兵迎于清河，命也速军于昌平。 而孛罗帖木兒前锋已度居庸关，至昌平。 也速一军皆无斗志，不战而溃。 皇太子驰入城，寻出奔于太原。 孛罗帖木兒遂入京城，为中书右丞相，语具《孛罗帖木兒传》。 二十五年，皇太子在太原，与扩廓帖木兒谋清内难，承制调甘肃、岭北、辽阳、陕西诸省诸王兵入讨孛罗帖木兒。 孛罗帖木兒乃遣御史大夫秃坚帖木兒率兵攻上都附皇太子者，且以御岭北之兵，又调也速率兵南御扩廓帖木兒部将竹贞、貊高等。 也速军次良乡不进，谋之于众，皆以谓孛罗帖木兒所行狂悖，图危宗社，中外同愤。 遂勒兵归永平，西连太原扩廓帖木兒，东连辽阳也先不花国王，军声大振。 孛罗帖木兒患之，遣其将同知枢密院事姚伯颜不花以兵往讨。 军过通州，白河水溢不能进，驻虹桥，筑垒以待。 姚伯颜不花素轻也速无谋，不设备。 也速觇知之，袭破其军，擒姚伯颜不花。 孛罗帖木兒大恐，自将讨也速，至通州，大雨三日，乃还。 孛罗帖木兒先以部将保安不附己，杀之，至是又失姚伯颜不花，二人皆骁将也，如失左右手，郁郁不乐。 事败，遂伏诛。 二十七年，诏以也速为中书右丞相，分省山东。 二十八年，大明兵取山东。 闰七月，也速与部将哈剌章、田胜、周达等御于莫州，众败溃，乃尽掠莫州残民北遁。
Yesu, a Mongol, was free-spirited and widely known for his abilities. He rose from the palace guard through Intendant of the Imperial Carriage Office to Counselor of the Commission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs. In Zhizheng 14 the Henan rebel Sesame Li seized Xuzhou. Yesu accompanied Grand Preceptor Toghto on the southern campaign. The city was too strong to storm at once, so Toghto adopted Yesu's plan of stone-throwing engines and attacked day and night without pause until the rebels, exhausted, could hold out no longer. Yesu then breached the outer city at the south gate, and the rebels fled. For his merit he was appointed Associate Director of the Central Court for Governance. He next led troops under his father, Grand Marshal Yuekuachaer, on the Huai-west campaign. When rebels besieged Anfeng, he marched at once to relieve the city. There were no boats to cross the Huai, so he rode his horse into the river to test the depth and swam across. The rebels were terrified and lifted the siege. He advanced on Haozhou, but an edict ordered the army withdrawn, and he returned. He was promoted to Director of the Directorate of Palace Buildings. He again followed the Grand Marshal on the Huai-east campaign and captured Xuyi. He was made Vice Director of the Huainan Branch Bureau of Military Affairs and then promoted to Associate Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He campaigned against rebels in Haizhou and routed them. The rebels fled by sea, raided Shandong, and occupied the whole province. Yesu judged that the rebels would press north while their momentum held. He marched north in haste, attacked them from front and rear, recovered Teng and Yan prefectures and the counties of Fei, Zou, Qufu, Ningyang, and Sishui, and broke the rebel advance. Soon afterward he recovered Tai'an Prefecture and the counties of Pingyin, Feicheng, Laiwu, and Xintai, and pacified fifty-three stockades including Pingshui. He was promoted to Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He suppressed the Putai rebel Du Heier, sent him captive to the capital, and had him torn apart. Dongchang rebels were marching north through Ling Prefecture; Yesu intercepted them at Jing Prefecture and killed or captured nearly all. He recovered Fucheng County. An edict ordered Yesu to encamp at Danjia Bridge and sever the rebels' northern line of advance. The rebels turned on Changlu. Yesu met them in battle; a stray arrow pierced his left hand, but he ignored it, fought without yielding, killed more than five hundred rebels, and seized three thousand horses. He then sent detachments against the mountain stockades, and the people flocked to submit. He was appointed Grand Councilor of the Central Secretariat and placed in charge of the Huainan Branch Secretariat. Rebels rose in succession at Xiong and Yu; Yesu pacified them all. Troops under Bureau Director Liu Halabuhua plundered Huailai and Yun and were plotting mutiny; Yesu rode out with light cavalry, killed the ringleaders, and enrolled the rest under his command. Rebels captured Daning; an edict ordered Yesu to suppress them. The rebel army halted at Houjia Inn. Yesu met them and fought from dusk until dawn as the lines broke and re-formed again and again. Yesu sent a flanking force around the rebel rear; caught between two fronts, they were routed. He then captured Daning, took thirty-five rebel leaders including Tang Tong and Zhou Cheng, and had them torn apart in the capital market. He was summoned to court, richly rewarded, and advanced to Grand Master of the Golden Girdle and Purple Clasp and Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Soon afterward rebels Lei Temür Buhua and Cheng Sizhong seized Yongping; an edict sent Yesu to the field, and he recovered Luan Prefecture and Qian'an County. Of all Liaodong only Yongping had escaped war; it held a hundred thousand piculs of grain, fodder heaped like hills, and a prosperous populace. The rebels slipped in when they could, raised earthworks, used the river as a moat, and held the city so stubbornly that it could not be taken. Yesu built a great camp outside the walls, cut off their firewood and forage, fought them repeatedly, captured more than two hundred rebel commanders, and pacified dozens of mountain stockades. He also recovered Changli and Funing and sent Lei Temür Buhua captive to the capital. Hard pressed, the rebels begged to surrender to Vice Councilor Chelitiemuer, who petitioned the court on their behalf. The court granted their plea and ordered Yesu to withdraw. Yesu judged that the rebels would feign submission to lull his army, and kept strict watch. Cheng Sizhong did abandon the city and flee; Yesu pursued swiftly to Ruizhou and killed or captured tens of thousands. The rebels then fled east toward Jin-Fu Prefecture. An edict recalled him to the capital. He was named Left Chancellor of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat and charged with the Bureau of Military Affairs to pacify troops and farmers in eastern Liaodong, with discretionary authority, a secretariat opened at Yongping, and overall command unchanged. Rebel bands from Jin, Fu, Hai, Gai, Qian, Wang, and elsewhere rose together, invaded Xingzhong from the west, and secretly moved by sea toward Yongping, but halted when they learned Yesu had established his headquarters there. Yesu quickly divided his forces to block their thrusts. The rebels then turned on Daning, were defeated by the garrison commander Wang Ju, lost their leaders, broke, and fled west. Fearing the rebels would threaten Shangdu, Yesu sent Right Vice Chancellor Hulin Tai to guard the upper capital and himself took picked troops in pursuit. The rebels did strike at Shangdu, but Hulin Tai routed them and their army collapsed again. Yongping and Daning were at last pacified. He sent officials to comfort and resettle the people, organized households into mutual-aid groups for farming, and the people set up stone monuments praising his achievements. In the twenty-fourth year Boluotiemuer, at odds with Right Chancellor Toghua and the eunuch Punuhua, marched on the palace, seized both men, and carried them off; Yesu was then named Left Chancellor of the Central Secretariat. In the seventh month Boluotiemuer left troops at Datong and marched again on the capital. The capital was thrown into panic. Officials joined the emperor in defending the city while the crown prince took the field at Qinghe; Yesu was ordered to encamp at Changping. Boluotiemuer's vanguard had already crossed Juyong Pass and reached Changping. Yesu's entire army had lost all will to fight and collapsed without a battle. The crown prince galloped back into the city and soon fled to Taiyuan. Boluotiemuer then entered the capital as Right Chancellor of the Central Secretariat; the full account is given in his separate biography. In the twenty-fifth year the crown prince at Taiyuan joined Köke Temür in plotting to end the civil strife and, acting under commission, mobilized princely armies from Gansu, Lingbei, Liaoyang, Shaanxi, and other provinces against Boluotiemuer. Boluotiemuer sent Censor-in-Chief Tujian Temür to attack Shangdu, which supported the crown prince, and to hold the Lingbei armies in check, while ordering Yesu south to face Köke Temür's generals Zhuzhen, Mo Gao, and others. Yesu's army halted at Liangxiang. When he consulted his officers, all agreed that Boluotiemuer's conduct was reckless and threatened the dynasty, and that court and country alike burned with indignation. He marched back to Yongping, allied west with Köke Temür at Taiyuan and east with King Yexian Buhua in Liaoyang, and his army's prestige rose sharply. Alarmed, Boluotiemuer sent his general, Associate Director Yao Boyan Buhua, against him. The army reached Tong Prefecture, but the Bai River was in flood and blocked the advance; they encamped at Hong Bridge and built fortifications to wait. Yao Boyan Buhua had always despised Yesu as a fool and took no precautions. Yesu learned of this, surprised the army, routed it, and captured Yao Boyan Buhua. Boluotiemuer was terrified and marched out in person against Yesu, but after three days of torrential rain at Tong Prefecture he turned back. Boluotiemuer had earlier killed his officer Bao'an for refusing to follow him; now he had lost Yao Boyan Buhua as well. Both were fierce commanders, and their loss was like losing both hands; he sank into gloom. His cause collapsed and he was put to death. In the twenty-seventh year an edict named Yesu Right Chancellor of the Central Secretariat with charge of Shandong. In the twenty-eighth year Ming forces seized Shandong. In the intercalary seventh month Yesu with his generals Halazhang, Tian Sheng, Zhou Da, and others fought at Mo Prefecture, was routed, plundered the surviving populace of Mo, and fled north.
5
彻里帖木兒
Chelitiemuer
6
彻里帖木兒，阿鲁温氏。 祖父累立战功，为西域大族。 彻里帖木兒幼沉毅有大志，早备宿卫，擢中书直省舍人，遂拜监察御史。 时右丞相帖木迭兒用事，生杀予夺皆出其意，道路侧目。 彻里帖木兒抗言，历诋其奸，帖木迭兒欲中伤之。 会山东水，盐课大损，除山东转运司副使。 甫浃月，补其亏数皆足。 转刑部尚书，京师豪右惮之，不敢犯法，而以非罪丽法者多所全脱。 天历二年，拜中书右丞，寻升中书平章政事，出为河南行省平章政事。 黄河清，有司以为瑞，请闻于朝。 彻里帖木兒曰：「吾知为臣忠、为子孝、天下治、百姓安为瑞，餘何益于治。」 岁大饥，彻里帖木兒议赈之。 其属以为必自县上之府，府上之省，然后以闻。 彻里帖木兒慨然曰：「民饥死者已众，乃欲拘以常格耶？ 往复累月，民存无几矣。 此盖有司畏罪，将归怨于朝廷，吾不为也。」 大发仓廪赈之，乃请专擅之罪。 文宗闻而悦之，赐龙衣、上尊。 至顺元年，雲南伯忽叛，以知行枢密院事总兵讨之。 治军有纪律，所过秋毫无犯。 贼平，赏赉甚厚，悉分赐将士，师旋，囊装惟巾栉而已。 除留守上都。 先是，上都官买商旅之货，其直不即酬给，以故商旅不得归，至有饥寒死者。 彻里帖木兒为之请。 有旨，出钞四百万贯偿之。 迁江浙行省平章政事，以严厉为政，部内肃然。 寻召拜御史中丞，朝廷惮之，风纪大振。 至元元年，拜中书平章政事。 首议罢科举，又欲损太庙四祭为一祭。 监察御史吕思诚等列其罪状劾之，帝不允，诏彻里帖木兒仍出署事。 时罢科举诏已书而未用宝，参政许有壬入争之。 太师伯颜怒曰：「汝风台臣言彻里帖木兒邪？」 有壬曰：「太师以彻里帖木兒宣力之故，擢置中书。 御史三十人不畏太师而听有壬，岂有壬权重于太师耶？」 伯颜意解。 有壬乃曰：「科举若罢，天下人才觖望。」 伯颜曰：「举子多以赃败，又有假蒙古、色目名者。」 有壬曰：「科举未行之先，台中赃罚无算，岂尽出于举子？ 举子不可谓无过，较之于彼则少矣。」 伯颜因曰：「举子中可任用者唯参政耳。」 有壬曰：「若张梦臣、马伯庸、丁文苑辈皆可任大事。 又如欧阳元功之文章，岂易及邪？」 伯颜曰：「科举虽罢，士之欲求美衣美食者，皆能自向学，岂有不至大官者邪？」 有壬曰：「所谓士者，初不以衣食为事，其事在治国平天下耳。」 伯颜又曰：「今科举取人，实妨选法。」 有壬曰：「古人有言，立贤无方。 科举取士，岂不愈于通事、知印等出身者？ 今通事等天下凡三千三百二十五名，岁餘四百五十六人。 玉典赤、太医、控鹤，皆入流品。 又路吏及任子其途非一。 今岁自四月至九月，白身补官受宣者七十二人，而科举一岁仅三十餘人。 太师试思之，科举于选法果相妨邪？」 伯颜心然其言，然其议已定，不可中辍，乃为温言慰解之，且谓有壬为能言。 有壬闻之曰：「能言何益于事！」 彻里帖木兒时在座，曰：「参政坐，无多言也。」 有壬曰：「太师谓我风人劾平章，可共坐邪？」 彻里帖木兒笑曰：「吾固未尝信此语也。」 有壬曰：「宜平章之不信也，设有壬果风人言平章，则言之必中矣，岂止如此而已。」 众皆笑而罢。 翌日，崇天门宣诏，特令有壬为班首以折辱之。 有壬惧及祸，勉从之。 治书侍御史普化诮有壬曰：「参政可谓过河拆桥者矣。」 有壬以为大耻，遂移疾不出。 初，彻里帖木兒之在江浙也，会行科举，驿请考官，供张甚盛，心颇不平，故其入中书，以罢科举为第一事。 先论学校贡士庄田租可给怯薛衣粮，动当国者，以发其机，至是遂论罢之。 彻里帖木兒尝指斥武宗为那壁，那壁者，犹谓之彼也。 又尝以妻弟阿鲁浑沙女为己女，冒请珠袍等物。 于是台臣复劾其罪。 而伯颜亦恶其忤己，欲斥之。 诏贬彻里帖木兒于南安，人皆快之。 久之，卒于贬所。 至正二十三年，监察御史野仙帖木兒等辩其罪，可依寒食国公追封王爵定谥，加功臣之号，事不行。
Chelitiemuer was of the Aru'un clan. His grandfather had won repeated military honors, and the family was a great house of the Western Regions. From youth Chelitiemuer was grave, resolute, and ambitious. He entered the palace guard early, rose to Secretariat Direct Attendant, and was appointed Investigating Censor. Right Chancellor Temür Dieli then held power, and life, death, reward, and punishment all lay in his hands; men on the road dared not meet his gaze. Chelitiemuer spoke out against him, denouncing his crimes one after another, and Temür Dieli sought to destroy him. When floods struck Shandong and the salt levy collapsed, he was appointed Associate Commissioner of the Shandong Transport Office. Within a month he had made up the entire shortfall. He was made Minister of Justice. The capital's powerful families feared him and kept within the law, while many who had been charged without real cause he spared and released. In Tianli 2 he was named Right Vice Chancellor of the Central Secretariat, soon promoted to Grand Councilor, and then posted as Grand Councilor of the Henan Branch Secretariat. When the Yellow River ran clear, the local authorities took it for an omen and asked to report it to court. Chelitiemuer said, "True omens are loyal ministers, filial sons, an ordered realm, and a secure people. What else serves good government?" That year brought severe famine, and Chelitiemuer proposed relief. His staff insisted the report must go from county to prefecture, from prefecture to province, and only then to the throne. Chelitiemuer said indignantly, "People are already dying of hunger in great numbers, and you would still bind us to routine procedure? Months of back-and-forth paperwork would leave almost no one alive. That is only officials afraid of blame who wish to shift responsibility onto the throne. I will not do it." He threw open the granaries on a large scale to relieve the people, then asked to be punished for acting without authorization. When Emperor Wenzong heard of this he was pleased and granted him dragon robes and imperial wine. In Zhishun 1, when Bohe rebelled in Yunnan, he was placed in charge of the Bureau of Military Affairs and given overall command to suppress the revolt. He kept strict discipline in the army, and his troops did not harm so much as a blade of grass where they passed. After the rebels were pacified he received lavish rewards and distributed them all among his officers and men. When the army returned, his baggage held nothing but towels and combs. He was appointed Metropolitan Guardian of Shangdu. Previously, officials at Shangdu had bought goods from traveling merchants without paying promptly, so the merchants could not return home and some even died of hunger and cold. Chelitiemuer petitioned on their behalf. An imperial order issued four million guan in paper money in compensation. He was transferred to Grand Councilor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat, where his stern rule brought the whole jurisdiction to order. He was soon recalled as Censor-in-Chief. The court stood in awe of him, and official discipline was sharply restored. In the first year of Zhiyuan he was appointed Grand Councilor of the Central Secretariat. He led the move to abolish the civil service examinations and also proposed reducing the four ancestral temple sacrifices to one. Investigating Censor Lü Sicheng and others impeached him on a list of charges, but the emperor refused and ordered Chelitiemuer to continue in office. The edict abolishing the examinations had been drafted but not yet sealed when Vice Councilor Xu Youren came in to argue against it. Grand Preceptor Bayan said angrily, "Are you, a censorial official, speaking for Chelitiemuer?" Youren said, "Your Lordship promoted Chelitiemuer to the Central Secretariat because he proclaimed his own merit. Yet thirty censors defy Your Lordship and heed me — can my authority possibly outweigh yours?" Bayan's anger cooled. Youren then said, "If the examinations are abolished, men of talent throughout the realm will be bitterly disappointed. Bayan said, "Most candidates fail through bribery, and some falsely claim Mongol or semu status." Youren said, "Before the examinations existed, countless bribery cases passed through the censorate — were they all the work of examination graduates? Examination graduates are not without fault, but compared with the others their offenses are fewer." Bayan then said, "Among examination graduates, only the Vice Councilor is fit for office." Youren said, "Men like Zhang Mengchen, Ma Boyong, and Ding Wenyuan are all capable of great responsibilities. And as for the writings of Ouyang Yuangong — who could easily equal them?" Bayan said, "Even without the examinations, any scholar who wants fine clothes and good food can study on his own — would he not still reach high office?" Youren said, "A true scholar does not make clothing and food his concern; his concern is to order the state and bring peace to the realm." Bayan added, "Recruitment through the examinations today truly obstructs the regular selection system." Youren said, "The ancients said, 'Raise the worthy by no fixed method. Is recruitment through the examinations not better than men who enter office as interpreters, seal-keepers, and the like? Interpreters alone number three thousand three hundred twenty-five throughout the realm, with more than four hundred fifty-six added each year. Imperial attendants, court physicians, and crane-guard units all enter the official ranks. Route clerks and sons of officials have many other paths to office besides. From the fourth month to the ninth this year, seventy-two men of no prior rank received appointments and commissions, while the examinations produce barely thirty in a year. Consider, Grand Preceptor — do the examinations truly obstruct the selection system?" Bayan was inwardly persuaded, but the decision was already fixed and could not be reversed. He spoke to Youren in conciliatory tones and called him eloquent. When Youren heard this he said, "What good is eloquence when it changes nothing!" Chelitiemuer, who was present, said, "Vice Councilor, be seated and speak no more." Youren said, "Your Lordship says I, a censor, impeached the Grand Councilor — can we sit together?" Chelitiemuer laughed and said, "I never believed that talk in the first place." Youren said, "No wonder the Grand Councilor did not believe it. If I truly were a censor speaking against him, my words would have hit far harder than this." Everyone laughed, and the matter ended. The next day the edict was proclaimed at Chongtian Gate, with Youren deliberately placed at the head of the ceremony to humiliate him. Fearing reprisal, Youren reluctantly complied. Investigating Secretary Puhua mocked him, saying, "The Vice Councilor is one who tears down the bridge after he has crossed the river." Youren took this as a deep shame, pleaded illness, and refused to leave his house. Earlier, when Chelitiemuer was in Jiang-Zhe, the examinations were held and the post stations lavished hospitality on the examiners — a display that rankled him. When he entered the Central Secretariat, abolishing the examinations was his first priority. He first argued that rents from school tribute-lands could supply the keshig guard with clothing and grain, moving those in power to set the plan in motion, and by then pressed for abolition. Chelitiemuer once dismissed Emperor Wuzong as "that fellow" — nabi means, in effect, "that one over there." He also once passed off his wife's brother Aruhunsha's daughter as his own and falsely requested pearl robes and other imperial gifts. The censorial officials then impeached him again. Bayan also resented his defiance and wished to remove him. An edict banished Chelitiemuer to Nan'an, to the general satisfaction. In time he died in exile. In Zhizheng 23, Investigating Censor Yexian Temür and others argued that his case should be reconsidered and that he might be posthumously enfeoffed as a prince with a posthumous title and the designation of a meritorious subject, following the precedent of the Duke of Cold Food — but the proposal was not adopted.
7
纳麟，知曜之孙，睿之子也。 大德六年，纳麟以名臣子，用丞相哈剌哈孙答剌罕荐，入备宿卫。 十年，除中书舍人。 至大四年，迁宗正府郎中。 皇庆元年，擢佥河南廉访司事。 延祐初，拜监察御史。 以言事忤旨，仁宗怒叵测，中丞朵兒只力救之，乃解。 又言风宪恃纠劾之权而受人赂者，宜刑而加流。 四年，迁刑部员外郎。 六年，出为河南行省郎中。 至治三年，入为都漕运使。 泰定中，擢湖南、湖北两道廉访使。 天历元年，除杭州路总管。 锄奸去蠹，吏畏民悦。 明年，改江西廉访使。 南昌岁饥，江西行省难于发粟。 纳麟曰：「朝廷如不允，我当以家赀偿之。」 乃出粟以赈民，全活甚众。 平章政事把失忽都贪纵不法，纳麟劾罢之。 至顺元年，拜湖广行省参知政事。 元统初，召为刑部尚书，未至，改江南行台治书侍御史。 寻升中丞。 至元元年，召拜中书参知政事，迁同知枢密院事。 寻出为江浙行省右丞，乞致仕，不允，除浙西廉访使，力辞不赴。 至正二年，除行宣政院使。 上天竺耆旧僧弥戒、径山耆旧僧惠洲，恣纵犯法，纳麟皆坐以重罪。 请行宣政院设崇教所，拟行省理问官，秩四品，以治僧狱讼，从之。 寻为江浙行省平章政事。 三年，迁河南行省平章政事。 明年，入为中书平章政事。 七年，出为江南行台御史大夫。 寻召拜御史大夫，所荐用御史，必老成更事者。 八年，进金紫光禄大夫，请老，不许，加太尉。 御史劾罢之。 退居姑苏。 十二年，江淮盗起，帝命为南台御史大夫。 纳麟承诏即起。 仍命兼太尉，设僚属，总制江浙、江西、湖广三省军马。 诏遣直省舍人海玉传旨尉谕之。 纳麟北面再拜曰：「臣虽耄老，敢不黾勉从事，尽餘生以报陛下！」 至则修筑集庆城郭。 会江浙杭城失守，淮南行省平章政事失列门引兵往援，次于采石。 纳麟使止之曰：「闻杭贼易破不足忧，今宣城危急，先宜以兵救宣城。」 乃调典瑞院使脱火赤率蒙古军应之，大破贼于堈下门，宣州以安。 已而贼陷徽州、广德、常州、宜兴、溧水、溧阳，蔓延丹阳、金坛、句容，略上元、江宁，游兵至钟山，集庆势甚危。 纳麟乃力疾治兵，部署士卒，命治书侍御史左答纳失理守城中，中丞伯家奴戍东郊。 是时湖广行省平章政事也先帖木兒军和州，纳麟遣使求援。 也先帖木兒曰：「我奉命镇江北，不敢往援江东。」 纳麟复遣监察御史郑鄈力促其行。 也先帖木兒引步骑度采石，至台城，入候纳麟疾。 纳麟喜，即以其故闻于朝。 已而也先帖木兒兵东趋秣陵，杀贼二千餘人，平湖熟镇，尽复上元、江宁境，乘胜入溧阳、溧水，贼溃奔广德，其据龙潭、方山者奔常州。 时江浙行省平章政事三旦八、右丞佛家闾亦引兵来会。 所在群贼皆败北，州郡悉平。 十三年，纳麟固请谢事，从之，命太尉如故，乃退居庆元。 十六年九月，诏以江南行台移置绍兴，复以纳麟为御史大夫，仍太尉。 明年，移治绍兴。 十八年，赴召，由海道入朝，至黑水洋，阻风而还。 十九年，复由海道趋直沽。 山东俞宝率战舰断粮道，纳麟命其子安安及同舟人拒之，破其众于海口。 八月，抵京师。 帝遣使劳以上尊，皇太子亦馈酒脯。 而纳麟感疾日亟，卒于通州。 年七十有九。
Nalin was the grandson of Zhiyao and the son of Rui. In Dade 6, as the son of a renowned minister, Nalin entered the palace guard on the recommendation of Chancellor Hala Hasun. In the tenth year he was appointed Secretariat Drafting Official. In Zhide 4 he was transferred to Director of the Grand Imperial Clan Court. In Huangqing 1 he was promoted to Supervisor of the Henan Surveillance Commission. At the beginning of Yanyou he was appointed Investigating Censor. When his memorial offended the throne, Emperor Renzong's rage was immeasurable, but Censor-in-Chief Duozhi intervened on his behalf and he was spared. He also argued that censorial officials who abused their impeachment powers to accept bribes should be punished with penal servitude and exile. In the fourth year he was transferred to Vice Director of the Ministry of Justice. In the sixth year he was posted as Director of the Henan Branch Secretariat. In Zhizhi 3 he was recalled to the capital as Commissioner of the Grand Grain Transport. During the Taiding reign he was promoted to Surveillance Commissioner of the Hunan and Hubei circuits. In Tianli 1 he was appointed Prefect of Hangzhou Circuit. He uprooted corruption; officials feared him and the people were pleased. The following year he was made Surveillance Commissioner of Jiangxi. Nanchang suffered famine that year, and the Jiangxi Branch Secretariat hesitated to release grain. Nalin said, "If the court refuses, I will repay the cost from my own family wealth." He then distributed grain to relieve the people and saved a great many lives. Grand Councilor Bashihudu was greedy and lawless; Nalin impeached him and had him removed from office. In Zhishun 1 he was appointed Vice Councilor of the Huguang Branch Secretariat. At the beginning of Yuantong he was summoned as Minister of Justice, but before he could take up the post he was named Investigating Secretary of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. He was soon promoted to Censor-in-Chief. In the first year of Zhiyuan he was summoned as Vice Councilor of the Central Secretariat and then made Associate Director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He was soon posted as Right Vice Chancellor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat, asked to retire but was refused, was appointed Surveillance Commissioner of Western Zhe, and firmly declined to take up the post. In Zhizheng 2 he was appointed Commissioner of the Traveling Commission for Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs. The aged monks Mijie of Upper Tianzhu and Huizhou of Jingshan had broken the law with impunity; Nalin convicted them on serious charges. He proposed that the Traveling Commission establish an Office for Honoring the Teaching, with officials of fourth rank modeled on branch secretariat judicial intendants, to handle monastic lawsuits, and the proposal was approved. He soon became Grand Councilor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. In the third year he was transferred to Grand Councilor of the Henan Branch Secretariat. The following year he entered the capital as Grand Councilor of the Central Secretariat. In the seventh year he was posted as Censor-in-Chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. He was soon recalled as Censor-in-Chief and always recommended seasoned, experienced men for censorial posts. In the eighth year he was advanced to Grand Master of the Golden Girdle and Purple Clasp, asked to retire but was refused, and was made Grand Marshal. Censors impeached him and he was removed from office. He retired to Gusu. In the twelfth year, when rebels rose in Jiang and Huai, the emperor appointed him Censor-in-Chief of the Southern Branch Censorate. Nalin accepted the edict and took up the post at once. He was also named concurrent Grand Marshal, given a staff, and placed in overall command of the armies of Jiang-Zhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang. The throne sent Direct Attendant Haiyu with an imperial message of encouragement. Nalin bowed to the north and said, "Though I am old, how dare I not exert myself to the end and spend what life remains in Your Majesty's service!" On arrival he repaired the walls and defenses of Jiqing. When Hangzhou fell, Huainan Grand Councilor Shiliemen marched to relieve it and halted at Caishi. Nalin sent word to halt him, saying, "The Hangzhou rebels are said to be easy to defeat and not worth worrying over. Xuancheng is critical now — send the troops there first." He then sent Imperial Insignia Commissioner Tuohuo Chi with Mongol troops, who routed the rebels at Gangxia Gate and secured Xuan Prefecture. Soon the rebels seized Huizhou, Guangde, Changzhou, Yixing, Lishui, and Liyang, spread through Danyang, Jintan, and Jurong, raided Shangyuan and Jiangning, and skirmishers reached Zhongshan. Jiqing was in grave danger. Despite his illness, Nalin threw himself into drilling the army and deploying the troops. He ordered Investigating Secretary Zuodanashili to hold the city and Censor-in-Chief Bojianu to garrison the eastern suburbs. Huguang Grand Councilor Yexian Temür then had his army at He Prefecture, and Nalin sent envoys to request aid. Yexian Temür replied, "I am ordered to guard the north bank of the Yangzi and dare not march to relieve the south bank." Nalin sent Investigating Censor Zheng Qin to press him again. Yexian Temür led his infantry and cavalry across Caishi to Taicheng and came in person to inquire after Nalin's health. Nalin was pleased and at once reported the matter to court. Soon Yexian Temür marched east toward Moling, killed more than two thousand rebels, pacified Hushu, and recovered all of Shangyuan and Jiangning. Pressing the advantage into Liyang and Lishui, he routed the rebels toward Guangde, while those holding Longtan and Fangshan fled to Changzhou. Jiang-Zhe Grand Councilor Sandanba and Right Vice Chancellor Fojialu also brought their troops to join him. The rebel bands were beaten back everywhere, and the prefectures and districts were pacified. In the thirteenth year Nalin firmly asked to resign. His request was granted, he retained the title of Grand Marshal, and he retired to Qingyuan. In the ninth month of the sixteenth year an edict moved the Jiangnan Branch Censorate to Shaoxing and again named Nalin Censor-in-Chief while retaining him as Grand Marshal. The following year he moved his headquarters to Shaoxing. In the eighteenth year he answered the summons and set out for court by sea, but was turned back by contrary winds at Heishui Sea. In the nineteenth year he again took the sea route toward Zhigu. Yu Bao of Shandong led warships to sever the grain route. Nalin ordered his son An'an and the men aboard his ship to resist them and defeated their force at Haikou. In the eighth month he reached the capital. The emperor sent envoys to greet him with imperial wine, and the crown prince also sent wine and preserved meats. But the illness he had contracted grew worse day by day, and he died at Tong Prefecture. He was seventy-nine years old.