1
答里麻
Dalima
2
答里麻,高昌人。 大父撒吉斯,为辽王傅,世祖称其贤。 从讨李璮,以勋授山东行省大都督。 答里麻弱冠入宿卫。 大德十一年,授御药院达鲁花赤,迁回回药物院,寻出佥湖北、山南两道廉访司事,召拜监察御史。 时丞相帖木迭兒专权贪肆,答里麻帅同寅亦怜真、马祖常劾其罪。 高昌僧恃丞相威,违法娶妇南城,答里麻诘问之,奋不顾利害,风纪由是大振。 擢河东道廉访副使。 隰州村民赛神,因醉殴杀姚甲,为首者乘闹逃去,有司逮同会者系狱,历岁不决。 答里麻曰:「杀人者既逃,存亡不可知,此辈皆诖误无罪,而反桎梏耶?」 悉纵之。 至治元年,帖木迭兒复相,以复仇为事,答里麻辞去。 明年,改燕南道廉访副使。 开州达鲁花赤石不花歹颇著政绩,同僚忌之,嗾民诬其与民妻俞氏饮。 答里麻察知俞氏乃八十老妪,石不花歹实不与饮酒,于是抵诬告者罪,石不花歹复还职。 行唐县民斫桑道侧,偶有人借斧削其杖,其人夜持杖劫民财,事觉,并逮斧主与盗同下狱。 答里麻原其未尝知情,即纵之。 深州民媪怒殴兒妇死,妇方抱其子,子亦误触死。 媪年七十,同僚议免刑,答里麻不可,曰:「国制,罪人七十免刑,为其血气已衰,不任刑也。 媪既能杀二人,何谓衰老?」 卒死狱中。 至治元年,除济宁路总管,兴学劝农,百废具修,府无停事。 济阳县有牧童持铁连结击野雀,误杀同牧者,系狱数岁。 答里麻曰:「小兒误杀同牧者,实无杀人意,难以定罪。」 罚铜遣之。 泰定元年,升福建廉访使。 朝廷遣宦官伯颜催督绣段,横取民财,宣政院判官术邻亦取赂于富僧,答里麻皆劾之。 迁浙西廉访使。 会文宗发江陵,阿兒哈秃来谕旨,求赂不获,还谮于朝,召至京,处以重罪。 比至,帝怒解,迁上都同知留守。 天历二年八月,明宗崩,文宗入正大统,使者旁午。 答里麻朝暮尽力,事无缺失,帝特赐锦衣以嘉之。 天历三年,迁淮东廉访使。 明年,召拜刑部尚书。 国制,新君即位,必赐诸王、驸马、妃主及宿卫官吏金帛。 答里麻曰:「必唱名给散,无虚增之数。」 国费大省,帝复赐黄金腰带以旌其能。 元统元年,升辽阳行省参知政事。 高丽国使朝京,道过辽阳,谒省官,各奉布四匹、书一幅,用征东省印封之。 答里麻诘其使曰:「国制,设印以署公牍、防奸伪,何为封私书? 况汝出国时,我尚在京,未为辽阳省官,今何故有书遗我? 汝君臣何欺诈如是耶?」 使辞屈,还其书与布。 元统三年,迁山东廉访使。 时山东盗起,陈马骡及新李白昼杀掠。 答里麻以为官吏贪污所致,先劾去之而后上擒贼方略。 朝廷嘉纳之,即遣兵擒获,齐鲁以安。 除大都路留守。 帝宴大臣于延春阁,特赐答里麻白鹰以表其贞廉。 帝尝命答里麻修七星堂,先是,修缮必用赤绿金银装饰,答里麻独务朴素,令画工图山林景物,左右年少皆不然。 是岁秋,车驾自上京还,入观之,乃大喜,以手抚壁叹曰:「有心哉,留守也!」 赐白金五十两、锦衣一袭。 至正六年,升河南行省右丞,改翰林学士承旨。 至正七年,迁陕西行台中丞,时年六十九。 致事后,召商议中书平章政事,不拜,全俸优养终身。
Dalima was from Gaochang. His great-grandfather Sagisi had been tutor to the Prince of Liao, and Emperor Shizu had praised his virtue. He took part in the campaign against Li Tan and, for his achievements, was appointed Dadudu of the Shandong Branch Secretariat. Dalima joined the imperial guard in his early twenties. In 1307 he was made Darughachi of the Imperial Pharmacy, then moved to the Muslim Medicaments Office; shortly afterward he was sent out as an associate of the surveillance commissions for Hubei and Shannan, and was summoned to serve as a supervising censor. At the time Chancellor Temuder held sole power and was rapacious; Dalima led his colleagues Yirenzhen and Ma Zuchang in impeaching him. A monk from Gaochang, relying on the chancellor's power, illegally took a wife in the southern capital; Dalima questioned him, caring nothing for personal risk, and official discipline was greatly restored. He was promoted to vice commissioner of the Hedong surveillance commission. In Xi Prefecture, villagers were holding a temple festival when, in a drunken brawl, one man beat and killed Yao Jia. The ringleader fled in the uproar; officials arrested everyone who had been present and kept them in prison for a year without resolving the case. Dalima said, "The killer has escaped and we do not even know whether he is alive or dead. These people are all innocent victims of mistaken implication—why should they be shackled?" He released them all. In 1321 Temuder returned as chancellor and pursued vendettas; Dalima resigned his post. The following year he was appointed vice commissioner of the Yannan surveillance commission. Shibuhuadai, the Darughachi of Kai Prefecture, had distinguished himself in office; jealous colleagues incited locals to accuse him of drinking with a commoner's wife, Mistress Yu. Dalima found that Mistress Yu was an eighty-year-old woman and that Shibuhuadai had never drunk with her; he punished the false accusers and restored Shibuhuadai to his post. A man in Xingtang County was cutting mulberry trees by the roadside when someone borrowed his axe to trim a walking staff; that man later used the staff at night to rob a passerby. When the crime was discovered, both the axe owner and the robber were arrested and imprisoned together. Dalima found that the axe owner had known nothing of the crime and released him at once. In Shen Prefecture an elderly woman beat her daughter-in-law to death in a rage; the daughter-in-law was holding her baby, and the child also died when struck in the struggle. The woman was seventy, and colleagues argued she should be exempt from punishment. Dalima refused, saying, "Under the law of the realm, criminals aged seventy are spared punishment because their vital force has waned and they can no longer endure it. Yet this woman was strong enough to kill two people—how can she be called decrepit?" She ultimately died in prison. In 1321 he was appointed prefect of Jining Circuit, where he promoted schools and agriculture, restored neglected public works, and left the prefectural office with no backlog of cases. In Jiyang County a shepherd boy was using an iron chain to strike at wild sparrows when he accidentally killed a companion; he remained in prison for several years. Dalima said, "The boy killed his companion by accident and had no intent to kill; he cannot properly be convicted of murder." He imposed a fine in copper and released him. In 1324 he was promoted to commissioner of the Fujian surveillance commission. The court had sent the eunuch Boyan to supervise the production of embroidered silks, and he extorted money from the people; Shulin, a judge of the Xuanzheng Yuan, also took bribes from wealthy monks; Dalima impeached them all. He was transferred to commissioner of the Zhexi surveillance commission. When Emperor Wenzong set out from Jiangling, Arhatu came bearing the imperial command; when Dalima refused his demand for a bribe, Arhatu returned to court and slandered him; Dalima was summoned to the capital and sentenced to a heavy penalty. By the time he reached the capital, the emperor's anger had cooled; he was appointed associate defender of the Upper Capital. In the eighth month of 1329 Emperor Mingzong died and Emperor Wenzong assumed the throne; messengers arrived in an unbroken stream. Dalima labored from morning to night without neglecting a single duty; the emperor specially rewarded him with brocade robes in recognition. In 1330 he was transferred to commissioner of the Huaidong surveillance commission. The following year he was summoned and appointed Minister of Punishments. By established custom, when a new emperor took the throne, gold and silks were distributed to princes, imperial sons-in-law, consorts, and palace guard officials. Dalima insisted that distributions be made only by calling out each recipient's name, with no inflated numbers on the rolls. State expenditure was greatly reduced, and the emperor again rewarded him with a golden belt in recognition of his efficiency. In 1333 he was promoted to vice administrator of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat. When a Goryeo envoy came to court and passed through Liaoyang, he called on the provincial officials, each of whom was offered four bolts of cloth and a letter sealed with the Eastern Campaign Secretariat's seal. Dalima questioned the envoy: "Under the law of the realm, seals exist to authenticate official documents and prevent fraud—why use one to seal a private letter? Moreover, when you left your country I was still in the capital and was not yet an official in Liaoyang—why should you now have a letter for me? Why are your sovereign and ministers so deceitful?" The envoy had no reply and returned the letter and cloth. In 1335 he was transferred to commissioner of the Shandong surveillance commission. At that time banditry broke out in Shandong; Chen Maluo and Xin Li led daylight raids and killings. Dalima believed the unrest was caused by corrupt officials; he first impeached and removed them, then submitted a plan for capturing the bandits. The court approved his plan, troops were dispatched at once, the bandits were captured, and Qi and Lu were pacified. He was appointed defender of the Dadu Circuit. At a feast for his ministers in the Yanchun Pavilion, the emperor specially gave Dalima a white hawk as a token of his integrity. The emperor once ordered Dalima to renovate the Seven Stars Hall. Previous renovations had always used gold, silver, and bright pigments; Dalima insisted on simplicity and had painters depict mountain and forest scenery, to the disapproval of the younger attendants around him. That autumn, when the emperor returned from the Upper Capital and entered to view the hall, he was delighted; stroking the wall he exclaimed, "What thoughtful care the Defender has taken!" He rewarded him with fifty taels of white gold and a suit of brocade robes. In 1346 he was promoted to right chancellor of the Henan Branch Secretariat, then transferred to Academician Expositor-in-Chief of the Hanlin Academy. In 1347 he was transferred to vice censor-in-chief of the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat at the age of sixty-nine. After his retirement he was summoned to serve as a deliberating Pingzhang of the Central Secretariat but declined; he received his full salary in generous support for the rest of his life.
3
月鲁帖木兒
Yuelutiemuer
4
月鲁帖木兒,卜领勤多礼伯台氏。 曾祖贵裕,事太祖,为管领怯怜口怯薛官。 祖合剌,袭父职,事世祖。 父普兰奚,由宿卫为中书右司员外郎,与丞相哈剌哈孙建议迎立武宗,累迁至山北辽东道肃政廉访使。 月鲁帖木兒幼警颖,读书强记,俶傥有大志。 年十二,成宗命与哈剌哈孙之子脱欢同入国学。 仁宗时入宿卫,一日,帝顾问左右曰:「斯人容貌不凡,谁之子耶?」 左右忘其父名,月鲁帖木兒即对曰:「臣父普兰奚也。」 帝曰:「汝父赞谋以定国难,朕未尝忘。」 因命脱忽台传旨四怯薛扎撒火孙,令常侍禁廷,毋止其入。 哈剌哈孙欲用为中书蒙古必阇赤,辄辞焉。 哈剌哈孙曰:「汝年幼,欲何为乎?」 对曰:「欲为御史尔。」 人壮其志。 久之,遂拜监察御史,巡按上都,劾奏太师、右丞相帖木迭兒受张弼赇六万贯,贷死。 帝怒,碎太师印,赐月鲁帖木兒钞万贯,除兵部郎中,拜殿中侍御史。 迁给事中、左侍仪、同修起居注。 寻为右司郎中,赐坐便殿,帝顾左右谓曰:「月鲁帖木兒识量明远,可大用者也。」 他日,帝语近臣曰:「朕闻前代皆有太上皇之号,今皇太子且长,可居大位,朕欲为太上皇,与若等游观西山以终天年。」 御史中丞蛮子、翰林学士明里董阿皆称善。 月鲁帖木兒独起拜曰:「臣闻昔之所谓太上皇,若唐玄宗、宋徽宗,皆当祸乱,不得已而为之者也。 愿陛下正大位,以保万世无疆之业,前代虚名,何足慕哉!」 帝善其对。 仁宗崩,帖木迭兒复入中书,据相位。 参议乞失监以受人金带系狱,帖木迭兒乃使乞失监诉月鲁帖木兒为御史时诬丞相受赇。 皇太后命丞相哈散等即徽政院推问不实,事遂释。 帖木迭兒乃奏以月鲁帖木兒为山东盐运司副使,降亚中大夫为承事郎,期月间盐课增以万计。 丁外艰,扶丧西还。 擢山南江北道肃政廉访副使。 泰定初,迁汴梁路总管,再调总管武昌,以养亲不赴。 致和元年,河南行省平章伯颜矫制起月鲁帖木兒为本省参知政事,共议起兵。 月鲁帖木兒固辞曰:「皇子北还,问参政受命何人,则将何辞以对?」 伯颜怒。 会明里董阿迓皇子过河南,而月鲁帖木兒为御史时尝劾其娶娼女冒受封,明里董阿因说伯颜收之,丞相别不花亦与之有隙,乃谪月鲁帖木兒乾宁安抚司安置。 至顺四年,移置雷州。 至元六年,顺帝召之还。 至正二年,入觐,帝欲留之,以母丧未葬辞。 四年,乃起同知将作院事。 寻除大宗正府也可札鲁花赤。 九年,由太医院使拜翰林学士承旨、知经筵事。 进读之际,引援经史,一本于王道,帝嘉纳焉。 十二年,江南诸郡盗贼充斥,诏拜月鲁帖木兒平章政事,行省江浙,因言于丞相脱脱曰:「守御江南,为计已缓,若得从权行事,犹有可为。」 不从。 陛辞,赐尚醖、御衣、弓矢、甲胄、卫卒十人、钞万五千贯以行。 比至镇,引僚属集父老询守备之方,招募民兵数千人,号令明肃。 统师次建德,获首贼何福斩于市,遂复淳安等县,俘获万餘人,复业者三万餘家。 是年七月,次徽州,以疾卒于军中。
Yuelutiemuer was of the Bolingqinduoliboqitai clan. His great-grandfather Guiyu had served Emperor Taizu as officer in charge of the qielian households of the imperial camp. His grandfather Hela inherited his father's post and served Emperor Shizu. His father Pulanxi rose from the imperial guard to outer section member of the right secretariat of the Central Secretariat; with Chancellor Halaqhasun he had urged the enthronement of Emperor Wuzong, and was eventually promoted to surveillance commissioner of the Shanbei Liaodong circuit. From childhood Yuelutiemuer was quick-witted and had an excellent memory; he was bold and ambitious. At twelve he was ordered by Emperor Chengzong to enter the National Academy together with Halaqhasun's son Tuohuan. During Emperor Renzong's reign he joined the imperial guard; one day the emperor asked his attendants, "This man has an unusual bearing—whose son is he?" His attendants could not recall the father's name; Yuelutiemuer answered at once, "Your servant's father is Pulanxi." The emperor said, "Your father counseled me through the national crisis; I have never forgotten him." He then ordered Tuohutai to convey to the four keshik and the imperial guard that Yuelutiemuer was to attend constantly at court and none was to bar his entry. Halaqhasun wished to appoint him Mongol secretary of the Central Secretariat, but he repeatedly declined. Halaqhasun asked, "You are still young—what do you want to do?" He replied, "I wish to serve as a censor." People admired his ambition. Eventually he was appointed supervising censor; while inspecting the Upper Capital he impeached Grand Preceptor and Right Chancellor Temuder for accepting a bribe of sixty thousand strings of cash from Zhang Bi and commuting a death sentence. The emperor was enraged, destroyed the Grand Preceptor's seal, rewarded Yuelutiemuer with ten thousand strings of paper money, appointed him director of the Ministry of War, and made him palace attending censor. He was transferred to supervising secretary, left attendant of ceremonies, and associate compiler of the imperial diary. Soon he became director of the right secretariat; seated in the side hall, the emperor told his attendants, "Yuelutiemuer has clear vision and great capacity; he is fit for high office." On another occasion the emperor told his close ministers, "I have heard that previous dynasties all had retired emperors; now the crown prince has come of age and can take the throne. I wish to become a retired emperor and spend my remaining years roaming the Western Hills with you." Censor-in-Chief Manzi and Hanlin academician Minglidong'a both praised the idea. Yuelutiemuer alone rose and bowed, saying, "Your servant has heard that the so-called retired emperors of old, such as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and Emperor Huizong of Song, all took that title only amid calamity and disorder, when they had no other choice. I pray that Your Majesty will hold the throne firmly and preserve the realm's boundless inheritance; what is there to admire in the empty titles of former ages?" The emperor approved his reply. After Emperor Renzong's death, Temuder returned to the Central Secretariat and seized the chancellorship. Consultant Qishijian was imprisoned for accepting a golden belt as a bribe; Temuder then had Qishijian accuse Yuelutiemuer of having falsely charged the chancellor with bribery when he was a censor. The empress dowager ordered Chancellor Hasan and others to investigate at once in the Huizheng Yuan; the charge proved false and the matter was dropped. Temuder then had Yuelutiemuer appointed vice commissioner of the Shandong Salt Transport Office, demoting him from vice director of the palace to gentleman for managing affairs; within a month salt revenue increased by tens of thousands. Upon his father's death he escorted the coffin westward to return home. He was promoted to vice surveillance commissioner of the Shannan Jiangbei circuit. At the beginning of the Taiding reign he was appointed prefect of Bianliang Circuit and then transferred to prefect of Wuchang, but declined in order to care for his parents. In 1328 Bayan, Pingzhang of the Henan Branch Secretariat, forged an imperial order summoning Yuelutiemuer as vice administrator of the province to join in planning a military rising. Yuelutiemuer firmly declined, saying, "When the prince returns from the north and asks the vice administrator who gave him his commission, what answer will he give?" Bayan was enraged. Minglidong'a happened to be escorting the prince through Henan; when Yuelutiemuer had been a censor he had impeached Minglidong'a for marrying a prostitute and fraudulently receiving a title. Minglidong'a persuaded Bayan to act against him, and Chancellor Biebuhua, who also bore a grudge, joined in; Yuelutiemuer was demoted and placed under the Ganning Pacification Commission. In 1333 he was transferred to Lei Prefecture. In 1340 Emperor Shundi summoned him back. In 1342 he came to court; the emperor wished to retain him, but he declined because his mother's funeral had not yet been conducted. In 1344 he was finally appointed associate director of the Directorate of Palace Buildings. Shortly afterward he was appointed Darughachi of the Court of the Imperial Clan. In 1349, after serving as commissioner of the Imperial Medical Service, he was appointed Academician Expositor-in-Chief of the Hanlin Academy and director of the Classics Mat lectures. In his lectures before the throne he drew on the classics and histories, grounding all in the principles of benevolent rule; the emperor warmly approved. In 1352 bandits overran the prefectures of Jiangnan; an edict appointed Yuelutiemuer Pingzhang and sent him to the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. He told Chancellor Toghto, "Merely defending Jiangnan is already too late a strategy; if I may act with discretionary authority, there is still something that can be done." Toghto refused. On taking leave of the court he was granted imperial wine, imperial robes, bow and arrows, armor, ten guard soldiers, and fifteen thousand strings of paper money for his journey. Upon reaching his post he gathered his staff and local elders to discuss defense, recruited several thousand militiamen, and enforced clear and strict discipline. Leading his troops he encamped at Jiande, captured the bandit leader He Fu and executed him in the market, then recovered Chun'an and other counties; more than ten thousand captives were taken and over thirty thousand households returned to their livelihoods. In the seventh month of that year he reached Huizhou and died of illness in camp.
5
卜颜铁木兒
Buyantiemuer
6
卜颜铁木兒,字珍卿,唐兀吾密氏。 性明锐倜傥,早备宿卫,历事武宗、仁宗、英宗。 天历初,由太常署丞拜监察御史,升殿中侍御史,累除大都路达鲁花赤、都转运盐使、肃政廉访使,由行中书省参知政事升左右丞,擢行御史臺中丞,遂拜江浙行省平章政事。 至正十二年春,蕲、黄贼徐寿辉遣兵陷湖广,侵江东、西,诏卜颜铁木兒率军讨之。 卜颜铁木兒益募壮健为兵,得骁勇士三千人、战舰三百艘。 时湖广平章政事也先帖木兒、江西平章政事星吉、江南行台御史中丞蛮子海牙皆以兵驻太平,宿留不进。 卜颜帖木兒至,乃与俱前。 贼方聚丁家洲,官军猝与遇,奋击败之,遂复铜陵县,擒其贼帅,复池州。 遂分遣万户普贤奴屯阳陵,王建中屯白面渡,闾兒讨无为州,而自率镇抚不花、万户明安驻池口,以防遏上流,为之节度。 已而江州再陷,星吉死之。 蛮子海牙及威顺王宽彻普化军俱溃而东。 安庆被围益急,遣使来求援。 诸将皆欲自守信地,卜颜铁木兒曰:「何言之不忠耶! 安庆与池止隔一水,今安庆固守,是其节也,而救患之义,我其可缓。 且上流官军虽溃,然皆百战之餘,所乏者钱谷器具而已,吾受命总兵,其可视之而不恤哉!」 即大发帑藏以周之,溃军皆大集,而两军之势复振,安庆之围遂解。 十三年三月,贼众复来攻池州,众且十万,诸县皆应之。 卜颜帖木兒会诸将谋曰:「贼表里连结,若俟其筑垒成而坐食诸县之粟,破之实难。 今新至疲弊,如乘其骄惰,尽锐攻之,则顷刻之间功可成矣。」 众曰:「诺。」 遂分番与战,果大败之,擒其伪帅,俘斩无算,诸县复平,遂乘胜率舟师以进。 五月,与战于望江,又战小孤山及彭泽,又战龙开河,皆破走之。 进复江州,留兵守之。 七月,进兵攻蕲州,擒其伪帅邹普泰,遂克其城。 进兵道士洑,焚其栅,抵兰溪口。 贼之巢曰黄连寨,又克而歼之。 分兵平两巴河,于是江路始通。 十一月,与蛮子海牙、四川行省参知政事哈临秃、左丞桑秃失里、西宁王牙罕沙军合,而湖广左丞伯颜不花等军皆会。 十二月,分道进攻蕲水县,拔其伪都,获伪将相而下四百餘人,徐寿辉仅以身免。 以功诏赐上尊、黄金带。 时丞相脱脱方总戎南征,闻诸贼皆已破,乃檄伯颜不花征淮东,蛮子海牙守裕溪口,威顺王还武昌,而卜颜铁木兒独控长江。 十六年六月,复以军守池州。 十一月,卒。 卜颜铁木兒持身廉介,人不敢干以私,其为将,所过不受礼遗宴犒,民不知有兵。 性至孝,幼养于叔父阿术,事之如亲父。 常乘花马,时称为花马兒平章云。
Buyantiemuer, whose style name was Zhenqing, was of the Tangwu Wumi clan. He was bright, sharp, and unconventional; he entered the imperial guard early and served Emperors Wuzong, Renzong, and Yingzong. At the beginning of the Tianli reign he rose from assistant director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices to supervising censor, then palace attending censor; he successively served as Darughachi of Dadu Circuit, salt transport commissioner, and surveillance commissioner, rose from vice administrator to left and right chancellor of the branch secretariat, became vice censor-in-chief of the branch censorate, and was finally appointed Pingzhang of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat. In the spring of 1352 the bandit Xu Shouhui of Qi and Huang sent troops who overran Huguang and invaded Jiangdong and Jiangxi; an edict ordered Buyantiemuer to lead an army against them. Buyantiemuer recruited more able-bodied men as soldiers, raising three thousand fierce warriors and three hundred warships. At that time Yexiantiemuer, Pingzhang of Huguang, Xingji, Pingzhang of Jiangxi, and Manzi Haiya, vice censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan branch censorate, all had troops at Taiping but lingered without advancing. When Buyantiemuer arrived, they advanced together. The bandits were gathered at Dingjiazhou; the government forces suddenly encountered them, fought fiercely and routed them, recovered Tongling County, captured their leader, and retook Chizhou. He then sent the ten-thousand household Puxiannu to garrison Yangling, Wang Jianzhong to garrison Baimiandu, and Lv'er to attack Wuwei Prefecture, while he himself led Pacification Commissioner Buhua and the ten-thousand household Ming'an to hold Chikou and block the upper river, directing overall operations. Before long Jiang Prefecture fell again and Xingji was killed. Manzi Haiya and the army of Prince Weishun Kuanchapuhua both broke and fled eastward. Anqing was under increasingly desperate siege and sent envoys to seek aid. The generals all wished to hold their own secure territories; Buyantiemuer said, "How disloyal your words are! Anqing and Chizhou are separated by only a stretch of water. Anqing is holding firm—that is its duty—and as for the obligation to relieve a neighbor in distress, how can we delay? Moreover, though the upstream government forces have been routed, they are all battle-hardened veterans who lack only money, grain, and equipment. I have been ordered to command the army—how can I look on without helping?" He immediately opened the treasury to supply them generously; the routed armies regathered in force, both armies recovered their strength, and the siege of Anqing was lifted. In the third month of 1353 the bandits again attacked Chizhou with nearly one hundred thousand men, and all the surrounding counties rose in support. Buyantiemuer convened his generals and said, "The bandits are linked inside and out; if we wait until they finish their fortifications and live off the grain of the surrounding counties, defeating them will be very hard. They have just arrived and are exhausted; if we strike while they are arrogant and slack, and attack with our full strength, victory can be won in an instant." All agreed. They fought in relays and inflicted a crushing defeat, captured their rebel commander, took and killed countless prisoners, pacified all the counties, and then advanced by fleet in victory. In the fifth month they fought at Wangjiang, then at Xiaogushan and Pengze, and again at Longkai River, routing the enemy each time. They advanced and recovered Jiang Prefecture, leaving troops to garrison it. In the seventh month they advanced on Qi Prefecture, captured the rebel commander Zou Putai, and took the city. Advancing to Daoshifu they burned the enemy palisades and reached Lanxikou. The bandits' stronghold was called Huanglian Stockade; they captured and destroyed it. They sent detachments to pacify Liangba River, and the river route was finally reopened. In the eleventh month he joined forces with Manzi Haiya, Halintu, vice administrator of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat, Left Chancellor Sangtushili, and the army of Prince Xining Yahansha, while the armies of Bayan Buhua, left chancellor of Huguang, and others also assembled. In the twelfth month they attacked Qishui County by separate routes, seized the rebel capital, and captured more than four hundred rebel officials and generals; Xu Shouhui alone escaped. For his achievements an edict granted him superior wine and a golden belt. At that time Chancellor Toghto was commanding the southern campaign; hearing that the bandits had been defeated, he ordered Bayan Buhua to campaign in Huaidong, Manzi Haiya to guard Yuxikou, and Prince Weishun to return to Wuchang, while Buyantiemuer alone held the Yangzi. In the sixth month of 1356 he again garrisoned Chizhou with his army. In the eleventh month he died. Buyantiemuer was scrupulously honest; no one dared approach him with private requests. As a general, wherever he passed he accepted no gifts, banquets, or rewards, and the people scarcely knew an army was present. He was deeply filial; raised from childhood by his uncle Ashu, he served him as he would his own father. He often rode a piebald horse and was known at the time as Pingzhang Huama'er, the Piebald Horse.
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星吉,字吉甫,河西人。 曾祖朵吉,祖搠思吉朵而只,父搠思吉,世事太祖、宪宗、世祖为怯里马赤。 星吉少给事仁宗潜邸,以精敏称。 至治初,授中尚监,改右侍仪,兼修起居注。 拜监察御史,有直声。 自是十五迁为宣政院使,出为江南行御史臺御史大夫。 时承平日久,内外方以观望为政,星吉独持风裁,御史行部,必敕厉而遣之。 湖东佥事三宝住,儒者也,性廉介,所至搏贪猾无所贷。 御史有以自私请者,拒不纳,则诬以事劾之。 章至,星吉怒曰:「若人之廉,孰不知之,乃敢为是言耶!」 即奏杖御史而白其诬。 执政者恶之,移湖广行省平章政事。 湖广地连江北,威顺王岁尝出猎,民病之。 又起广乐园,多萃名倡巨贾以网大利,有司莫敢忤。 星吉至,谒王,王阖中门,启左扉,召以入。 星吉引绳床坐王中门西,言曰:「吾受天子命来作牧,非王私臣也,焉得由不正之道入乎!」 阍者惧,入告王,王命启中门。 星吉入,责王曰:「王帝室之懿,古之所谓伯父叔父者也。 今德音不闻,而骋猎宣淫,贾怨于下,恐非所以自贻多福也。」 王急握星吉手谢之,为悉罢其所为。 有胡僧曰小住持者,服三品命,恃宠横甚,数以事凌轹官府。 星吉命掩捕之,得妻妾女乐妇女十有八人,狱具,罪而籍之,由是豪强敛手,贫弱称快。 至正十一年,汝、颍妖贼起,会僚属议之,或曰:「有郑万户,老将也,宜起而用之。」 星吉乃命募士兵,完城池,修器械,严巡警,悉以其事属郑。 贼闻之,遣其党二千来约降。 星吉与郑谋曰:「此诈也,然降而却之,于是为不宜,宜受而审之可也。」 果得其情,乃歼之,械其渠魁数十人以俟命。 适有旨召为大司农。 同僚受贼赂,且嫉其功,乃诬郑罪,释其所械者。 明日,贼大至,内外响应,城遂陷。 武昌之人骈首夜泣曰:「大夫不去,吾岂为俘囚乎?」 星吉既入见,具陈贼本末。 帝大喜,命赐食。 时宰不悦,奏为江西行省平章政事,员外置。 星吉至江东,诏令守江州。 时江州已陷,贼据池阳。 太平官军止有三百人,贼号百万,众皆欲走。 星吉曰:「畏贼而逃,非勇也; 坐而待攻,非智也。 汝等皆有妻子财物,纵逃其可免乎?」 乃贷富人钱,募人为兵。 先是,行台募兵,人给百五十千,无应者。 至是,星吉募兵,人五十千,从争赴之,一日得三千人。 乃具舟楫直趋铜陵,克之。 又破贼白马湾。 贼败走,分兵蹑之,抵白湄。 贼穷急,回拒官军,官军乘胜奋击,贼尽殪,擒其渠魁周驴,夺船六百艘,军声大振,遂复池州。 乃命诸将分道讨贼,复石埭诸县。 贼复来攻,命王惟恭列阵当之,锋始交,出小舰从旁横击,大破走之,进据清水湾。 伺者告贼舰至自上流,顺风举帆,众且数十倍,诸将失色。 星吉曰:「无伤也,风势盛,彼仓卒必不得泊,但伏横港中偃旗以待,俟过而击之,无不胜矣。」 风怒水驶,贼奄忽而过,乃命举旗张帆鼓噪而薄之,官军殊死战,风反为我用,又大破之。 时贼久围安庆,捷闻,遽烧营走。 进复湖口县,克江州,留兵守之。 命王惟恭栅小孤山,而星吉自据番阳口,缀江湖要冲以图恢复。 时湖广已陷,江西被围,淮、浙亦多故,卒无继援之者,日久粮益乏,士卒咸困。 或曰:「东南完实,盍因粮以图再举乎?」 星吉曰:「吾受命守江西,必死于此。」 众莫敢复言。 有顷,贼乘大船四集,来攻我军,取蒹苇编为大筏,塞上下流火之。 我军力战,众死且尽。 星吉之从子伯不华与亲兵数十人死之。 星吉犹坚坐不动。 贼发矢射星吉,乃昏仆。 贼素闻星吉名,不忍害,舁置密室中,至旦乃苏。 贼罗拜,争馈以食。 星吉斥之,遂不复食。 凡七日,乃自力而起,北面再拜曰:「臣力竭矣。」 遂绝,年五十七。 星吉为人公廉明决,及在军中,能与将士同甘苦,以忠义感激人心,故能以少击众、得人死力云。
Xingji, whose style name was Jifu, was from Hexi. His great-grandfather Duoji, grandfather Suosijiduorezhi, and father Suosiji had all served Emperors Taizu, Xianzong, and Shizu as qielimachi. From youth Xingji served in Emperor Renzong's household before his accession and was known for keen intelligence. At the beginning of the Zhizhi reign he was appointed director of the Central Palace Service, then transferred to right attendant of ceremonies and associate compiler of the imperial diary. He was appointed supervising censor and earned a reputation for integrity. He was promoted fifteen times in succession to commissioner of the Xuanzheng Yuan, then appointed censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan branch censorate. Peace had lasted so long that officials everywhere adopted a wait-and-see attitude; Xingji alone upheld strict discipline, and whenever he sent censors on circuit tours he admonished them sternly before their departure. Sanbaozhu, associate commissioner of Hudong, was a Confucian scholar of incorruptible character who struck at the greedy and cunning wherever he went without mercy. When a censor made a private request of him, he refused; the censor then fabricated charges and impeached him. When the memorial arrived, Xingji said angrily, "Everyone knows that man's integrity—how dare you make such an accusation!" He immediately memorialized to have the censor caned and to clear the false charge. The ruling faction disliked him and transferred him to Pingzhang of the Huguang Branch Secretariat. Huguang bordered the north bank of the Yangzi; Prince Weishun went hunting every year and the people suffered greatly. He also built the Guangle Garden, gathering famous entertainers and wealthy merchants to reap great profits, and no official dared oppose him. When Xingji arrived to call on the prince, the prince closed the central gate and opened only the left side door to admit him. Xingji drew up a rope bed and sat west of the central gate, saying, "I have received the Son of Heaven's command to govern this region; I am not your private servant—how can I enter by an improper entrance!" The gatekeeper was alarmed and reported to the prince, who ordered the central gate opened. Xingji entered and reproached the prince: "Your Highness is a kinsman of the imperial house, what the ancients called a royal uncle. Yet no word of your virtue is heard, while you roam hunting and indulge in dissipation, earning resentment among the people—I fear this is not the way to secure blessings for yourself." The prince hastily grasped Xingji's hand and apologized, abolishing all his excesses. There was a Hu monk called Little Abbot who held third-rank appointment, relied on imperial favor, and repeatedly bullied government offices. Xingji ordered his secret arrest; eighteen wives, concubines, female musicians, and women were found; he was convicted and his property confiscated; from then on the powerful held back and the poor rejoiced. In 1351 rebel bandits arose in Ru and Ying; when Xingji convened his staff to discuss the crisis, some said, "There is the ten-thousand household Zheng, an old general—we should summon and employ him." Xingji then ordered the recruitment of militia, repair of the city walls, preparation of weapons, and strict patrols, entrusting all these matters to Zheng. When the bandits heard of this, they sent two thousand men to negotiate surrender. Xingji and Zheng agreed: "This is a ruse, but to accept their surrender and then reject them would be improper; we should accept them and investigate." They confirmed the deception, annihilated the force, and shackled several dozen ringleaders to await orders. Just then an edict summoned him to the capital as Minister of Revenue. Colleagues who had taken bribes from the bandits and envied Xingji's achievements falsely charged Zheng with crimes and released the prisoners he had shackled. The next day the bandits arrived in force; the city rose in response inside and out, and the city fell. The people of Wuchang wept together by night: "Had our commissioner not left, how could we have become captives?" When Xingji appeared at court he gave a full account of the bandit uprising. The emperor was greatly pleased and ordered a meal served. The chief ministers were displeased and had him appointed Pingzhang of the Jiangxi Branch Secretariat on an extra-staff basis. When Xingji reached Jiangdong, an edict ordered him to defend Jiang Prefecture. Jiang Prefecture had already fallen and the bandits held Chiyang. The government troops at Taiping numbered only three hundred; the bandits claimed a million men; everyone wished to flee. Xingji said, "To flee from fear of bandits is not courage; to sit and await attack is not wisdom. You all have wives, children, and property—even if you flee, can you escape? He borrowed money from the wealthy and recruited soldiers. Previously the branch censorate had offered one hundred fifty thousand cash per recruit, with no takers. Now Xingji offered fifty thousand per recruit and men competed to join; in one day he raised three thousand. He equipped boats and sailed straight to Tongling, which he captured. He again defeated the bandits at Baimawan. The bandits were routed and fled; he sent detachments in pursuit and reached Baimai. Cornered, the bandits turned to fight; the government forces pressed their advantage and killed them to the last man, capturing their leader Zhou Lv and seizing six hundred boats. Military prestige soared, and Chizhou was recovered. He then ordered his generals to pursue the bandits by separate routes and recovered Shizhi and other counties. When the bandits attacked again, he ordered Wang Weigong to form battle lines; as the vanguards engaged, he sent small boats to strike from the flank, routing the enemy and advancing to occupy Qingshuiwan. Scouts reported bandit ships approaching from upstream under full sail with favorable wind, nearly ten times their strength; the generals turned pale. Xingji said, "No matter—the wind is strong and they will not be able to moor in haste. Lie in ambush in the cross-channel with flags lowered and strike after they pass; you cannot fail." The wind roared and the current raced; the bandits swept past; he ordered flags raised, sails spread, and drums beaten as his forces closed in. The government troops fought to the death; the wind shifted in their favor, and they inflicted another crushing defeat. The bandits had long besieged Anqing; when news of the victory arrived, they hastily burned their camps and fled. He advanced and recovered Hukou County, captured Jiang Prefecture, and left troops to garrison it. He ordered Wang Weigong to fortify Xiaogushan while he himself held Panyangkou, controlling the vital river junctions to plan the recovery of the region. Huguang had fallen, Jiangxi was besieged, and Huai and Zhe were also in turmoil; no relief came, and as time passed grain grew scarce and the soldiers were exhausted. Someone said, "The southeast is still intact—why not withdraw there with its grain and plan another campaign?" Xingji said, "I have been ordered to defend Jiangxi—I will die here." No one dared speak again. Before long the bandits gathered four large ships and attacked the government forces; they wove reeds into great rafts, blocked the upper and lower reaches of the river, and set them ablaze. The government troops fought fiercely until nearly all were dead. Xingji's nephew Bohua and several dozen personal guards died fighting. Xingji remained seated, unmoving. The bandits shot arrows at Xingji, and he collapsed unconscious. The bandits had long heard of Xingji's reputation and could not bring themselves to kill him; they carried him to a secret chamber, and by dawn he had revived. The bandits bowed before him and competed to offer him food. Xingji rebuked them and refused to eat again. After seven days he rose by his own strength, bowed twice to the north, and said, "Your servant's strength is exhausted." He then died at the age of fifty-seven. Xingji was fair, incorruptible, and decisive; in the army he shared hardship and comfort with his officers and soldiers, inspiring loyalty and righteousness in their hearts. Thus he could defeat larger forces with smaller ones and win men's utmost devotion unto death.
8
福寿,唐兀人。 幼俊茂,知读书,尤善应对。 既长,入备环卫,用年劳授长宁寺少卿,改引进使,升知侍仪使,进正使。 出为饶州路达鲁花赤,擢淮西廉访副使。 入为工部侍郎,佥太常礼仪院事,拜监察御史,改户部侍郎,升尚书,出为燕南廉访使,又五迁为同知枢密院事。 至正十一年,颍州以贼反告,时车驾在上都,朝堂皆犹豫未决,欲驿奏以待命。 福寿独以谓「比使得请还,则事有弗及矣」。 于是决议调兵五百,遣卫官哈剌章、忻都、怯来讨之而后以闻。 顺帝善其处事得宜,明年,改也可札鲁忽赤。 未几,出为淮南行省平章政事。 是时濠、泗俱已陷,师久无功。 福寿至,督战甚急,而上游贼势甚汹涌,福寿乃议筑石头,断江面,守御有方,众恃以为固。 十五年,迁江南行台御史大夫。 先是,集庆尝有警,阿鲁灰以湖广平章政事将苗军来援,事平,其军镇扬州。 而阿鲁灰御军无纪律,苗蛮素犷悍,日事杀虏,莫能治。 俄而苗军杀阿鲁灰以叛,而集庆之援遂绝。 及高邮、庐、和等州相继沦陷,而集庆势益孤,人心益震恐,且仓库无积蓄,计未知所出,于是民乃愿为兵以自守。 福寿因下令民多赀者皆助以粮饷,激厉士众,为完守计。 朝廷知其劳,数赏赉焉。 十六年三月,大明兵围集庆,福寿数督兵出战,尽闭诸城门,独开东门以通出入,而城中势不复能支,城遂破。 百司皆奔溃,福寿乃独据胡床坐凤凰台下,指麾左右。 或劝之去,叱之曰:「吾为国家重臣,城存则生,城破则死,尚安往哉!」 达鲁花赤达尼达思见其独坐若有所为者,从问所决,留弗去。 俄而乱兵四集,福寿遂遇害,不知所在,达尼达思亦死之。 又同时死者,有治书侍御史贺方。 达尼达思字思明。 贺方字伯京,晋宁人,以文学名。 事闻,朝廷赠福寿金紫光禄大夫、江浙行省左丞相、上柱国,追封卫国公,谥忠肃。
Fushou was from Tangwu. From childhood he was handsome and accomplished; he was literate and especially skilled in conversation. When he came of age he joined the imperial guard; for long service he was appointed vice director of the Changning Temple, then transferred to introducing commissioner, promoted to director of the ceremonies office, and finally made chief commissioner. He was sent out as Darughachi of Raozhou Circuit and promoted to vice commissioner of the Huaixi surveillance commission. He entered court as vice minister of works, associate of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and Rites, and supervising censor; he was transferred to vice minister of revenue, promoted to minister, sent out as commissioner of the Yannan surveillance commission, and promoted five times to vice director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In 1351 Ying Prefecture reported a bandit rebellion; the emperor was at the Upper Capital, and the court hesitated, wishing to report by courier and await orders. Fushou alone said, "By the time a messenger obtains permission and returns, it will be too late." They therefore resolved to dispatch five hundred troops under guard officers Halazhang, Xindu, and Qie to suppress the rebels and report afterward. Emperor Shundi approved his handling of the crisis; the following year he was appointed Yeke Jarquchi. Before long he was appointed Pingzhang of the Huainan Branch Secretariat. By then Hao and Si had both fallen, and the army had long failed to achieve success. When Fushou arrived he pressed the fighting urgently; the upstream bandit forces were fierce, so he proposed fortifying Shitou to block the river and organized the defense systematically; the troops relied on this as their stronghold. In 1355 he was transferred to censor-in-chief of the Jiangnan branch censorate. Previously Jiqing had been threatened; Aruhui, Pingzhang of Huguang, had led Miao troops to its relief, and after the crisis his army was garrisoned at Yangzhou. But Aruhui commanded his troops without discipline; the Miao soldiers were by nature fierce and brutal, killing and plundering daily, and no one could control them. Before long the Miao troops killed Aruhui in rebellion, and aid to Jiqing was cut off. When Gaoyou, Lu, He, and other prefectures fell in succession, Jiqing grew ever more isolated, panic spread among the people, and the storehouses were empty; with no plan in sight, the people volunteered to serve as soldiers in their own defense. Fushou ordered wealthy citizens to contribute grain and provisions, roused the troops, and organized a comprehensive defense. The court recognized his efforts and repeatedly rewarded him. In the third month of 1356 Ming forces besieged Jiqing; Fushou repeatedly led troops into battle, closed all the city gates except the east gate for passage, but the city could no longer hold and fell. All government offices collapsed in flight; Fushou alone took a folding chair and sat beneath the Phoenix Terrace, directing his attendants. When someone urged him to flee, he rebuked them: "I am a great minister of the state—if the city stands I live, if it falls I die—where else should I go?" The Darughachi Danisi, seeing him sit alone as if resolved on something, asked his intention and stayed without leaving. Before long disorderly troops gathered from all sides; Fushou was killed, his body never found; Danisi also died with him. Also killed at the same time was investigating censor He Fang. Danisi's style name was Siming. He Fang, whose style name was Bojing, was from Jinning and was famed for his literary accomplishments. When news reached the court, Fushou was posthumously granted the titles of Golden Purple-Gleam Grand Master of the Palace, left chancellor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat, and supreme pillar of state, enfeoffed as Duke of Wei with the posthumous title Zhongsu, Loyal and Solemn.
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道童,高昌人,自号石岩。 性深沉寡言。 以世胄入官,授直省舍人,历官清显,素负能名。 调信州路总管,移平江,皆以善政称。 至正元年,迁大都路达鲁花赤,出为江浙行省参知政事,寻召参政中书,顷之,又出为江浙行省右丞,遂升本省平章政事。 十一年,诏仍以平章政事行省江西。 是年,贼起蕲、黄,平章政事秃坚理不花将兵捍江州。 既而土寇蜂起,道童素不知兵事,仓皇无所措。 左右司郎中普颜不花曰:「今贼势冲突,城中无备,万一失守,奈何? 有章伯颜左丞者,致仕居抚州,其人熟知军务,宜以便宜礼请之,使署本省左丞事,专任调遣军旅,庶幾事有可济。」 道童从其言,而伯颜亦欣然为起,曰:「此正我报国之秋也。」 至则与普颜不花设御敌计甚悉。 明年正月,湖广陷,秃坚里不花由江州遁还。 二月,普颜不花将兵往江州,至石头渡,遇贼战败,道童闻之大恐,即怀省印遁走。 普颜不花还,与伯颜定为城守之计。 后数日,道童始自南昌民家来归,遂议分门各守以备敌。 三月,贼众来围城。 城中置各厢官及各巷长,昼夕坚守,众心翕然。 而道童素恤民,能任人,有功者必赏,无功或不加罪,故多为之用。 贼围城凡两月,而民无离志。 道童密召死士数千人,面涂以青,额抹黄布,衣黄衣,为前锋,又别选精锐数千为中军,而募助阵者殿后。 命万户章妥因卜鲁哈歹领之。 夜半,开门伏兵栅下,黎明,钲鼓大震,因奋击贼,贼惊以为神,败走。 遂乘胜捣其营,复分兵扫其餘党。 是时,章伯颜、普颜不花之功居多。 伯颜寻以疾卒。 朝廷以道童捍城有功,加大司徒、开府,仍赐龙衣御酒。 及秋,朝廷命亦怜真班为江西行省左丞相,火你赤为左丞,同将兵来江西。 未几,亦怜真班卒,道童属火你赤平富、瑞二州,分镇其地。 适岁大旱,公私匮乏,道童乃移咨江浙行省,借米数十万石、盐数十万引,凡军民约三日人籴官米一斗,入昏钞贰贯,又三日买官盐十斤,入昏钞贰贯,民皆便之。 由是按堵如故,而贼亦不敢犯其境。 十八年夏四月,陈友谅复攻江西城。 时火你赤已升平章政事,加营国公,行便宜事,任专兵柄,而素与道童不相能,且贪忍不得将士心,见城且陷,遂夜遁去。 道童亦弃城退保抚州路,欲集诸县义兵以图克复,而势已不可为。 因叹曰:「我为元朝大臣,官至极品,今城陷不守,尚何面目复见人乎!」 适贼追者至,道童欲迎敌,渡水,未登岸,贼众乘之,遂为所害。 事闻,赐谥忠烈。
Daotong was from Gaochang and styled himself Shiyan, Stone Cliff. He was deep and reserved, sparing of words. By noble birth he entered office as direct secretariat attendant; he held a series of eminent posts and had long enjoyed a reputation for ability. As prefect of Xinzhou Circuit and then of Pingjiang, he was praised for good governance in both posts. In 1341 he was transferred to Darughachi of Dadu Circuit, sent out as vice administrator of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat, shortly summoned as vice administrator of the Central Secretariat, then sent out again as right chancellor of the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat, and finally promoted to Pingzhang of that province. In 1351 an edict appointed him Pingzhang to administer Jiangxi province. That year bandits arose in Qi and Huang; Pingzhang Tujianlibuhua led troops to defend Jiang Prefecture. Before long local bandits swarmed forth; Daotong had no knowledge of military affairs and was at a loss in the crisis. Left and right secretariat director Puyanbuhua said, "The bandits are pressing hard and the city is unprepared—if it should fall, what then? There is the retired left chancellor Zhang Boyan living in Fuzhou; he is well versed in military affairs. We should invite him with appropriate ceremony, have him act as left chancellor of this province, and charge him with commanding the army—then perhaps we can succeed." Daotong followed his advice; Boyan also gladly came forward, saying, "This is precisely the season for me to serve the state." When he arrived he and Puyanbuhua devised detailed plans against the enemy. In the first month of the following year Huguang fell and Tujianlibuhua fled back from Jiang Prefecture. In the second month Puyanbuhua led troops toward Jiang Prefecture; at Shitoudu he was defeated by the bandits; when Daotong heard this he was terrified and fled with the provincial seal. Puyanbuhua returned and with Boyan organized the city's defense. Several days later Daotong returned from hiding in a Nanchang household; they then organized defense by assigning each gate separately. In the third month the bandits came to besiege the city. Officials were appointed for each ward and headmen for each lane; the people held firm day and night with united resolve. Daotong had long been compassionate toward the people and skilled at employing men; he always rewarded merit and often overlooked failure, so many served him willingly. The bandits besieged the city for two months, yet the people showed no wish to abandon it. Daotong secretly summoned several thousand death-defying warriors with green-painted faces, yellow cloth bound on their foreheads, and yellow garments as the vanguard; he selected several thousand elite troops as the center army and recruited supporting fighters as the rear guard. He ordered the ten-thousand household Zhangtuoyinbuluhadai to lead them. At midnight they opened the gates and lay in ambush beneath the palisade; at dawn gongs and drums thundered and they struck fiercely at the bandits, who fled in alarm, thinking it supernatural. They pressed their victory to storm the enemy camp and sent detachments to sweep up the remaining bandits. At that time Zhang Boyan and Puyanbuhua contributed the greater part of the victory. Boyan soon died of illness. The court rewarded Daotong for defending the city by granting him the titles of grand steward and establishment of a household, along with dragon robes and imperial wine. By autumn the court appointed Yirenzhenban left chancellor of the Jiangxi Branch Secretariat and Huonichi left chancellor, both leading troops to Jiangxi. Before long Yirenzhenban died; Daotong assigned Huonichi to pacify Fu and Rui prefectures and garrison them separately. That year brought severe drought and scarcity; Daotong requested from the Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat several hundred thousand piculs of rice and several hundred thousand yin of salt. Soldiers and civilians could buy one dou of government rice every three days for two strings of paper money, and ten jin of government salt every three days for two strings; the people found this arrangement convenient. Peace was maintained as before, and the bandits did not dare invade his territory. In the fourth month of summer of 1358, Chen Youliang again attacked the Jiangxi capital. By then Huonichi had been promoted to Pingzhang, granted the title Duke Who Establishes the State and discretionary authority, and held sole military power; he had long been at odds with Daotong and was greedy and cruel, winning no loyalty from his troops; seeing the city about to fall, he fled by night. Daotong also abandoned the city and withdrew to Fuzhou Circuit, hoping to gather militia from the surrounding counties to recover the lost territory, but the situation was already hopeless. He sighed and said, "I am a great minister of the Yuan dynasty who reached the highest rank—now the city has fallen and I could not hold it—what face have I left to show the world?" Just then bandit pursuers arrived; Daotong tried to face them, but while crossing a river before he reached the bank, the bandits overtook him and killed him. When news reached the court, he was granted the posthumous title Zhonglie, Loyal and Valiant.