1
亦憐真班
Yilianzhenban
2
亦憐真班，西夏人。 父俺伯，以忠勤事世祖，為知樞密院事。 亦憐真班性剛正，動有禮法。 仁宗召見，令入宿衛。 延祐六年，超拜翰林侍講學士、中奉大夫。 至治二年，調同知通政院事，擢虎符唐兀親軍都指揮使。 泰定初，遷資善大夫、典瑞院使。 天歷二年，以選為太子家令，尋升資政大夫、同知樞密院事，擢侍御史，仍兼指揮使。 至順初，拜翰林學士承旨、榮祿大夫，遷功德使，指揮使如故。 尋出為陝西行省平章政事，未行，復為翰林學士承旨。 元統、至元之間，伯顏為丞相，專權擅政，嫉其論事不阿，出為江南行台御史大夫。 尋殺其子答裡麻，而謫置海南。 及伯顏敗，乃得召還朝。 至正六年，拜光祿大夫、御史大夫，盡遷中外廉能之官置諸風憲，一時號稱得人。 遷宣政院使，出為甘肅行省平章政事，設法弭西羌之寇，民賴以安，立石頌之。 召還，為銀青榮祿大夫、知樞密院事，提調太醫院，尋加金紫光祿大夫，復為御史大夫、知經筵事，兼宣忠斡羅思扈衛親軍指揮使。 嘗奏言：「風俗人心日趨於薄，請禁故吏不許彈劾所事官長。」
Yilianzhenban was a native of Western Xia. His father Anbo had served Kublai Khan with loyal diligence and held the post of Controller of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Yilianzhenban was stern and upright by nature, and in conduct he always observed propriety and rule. Emperor Renzong received him in audience and appointed him to the palace guard. In 1319 he was promoted ahead of his turn to Hanlin Attendant Lecturer and given the rank of Zhongfeng Grandee. In 1322 he was made Associate Manager of the Court of Transmission and appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Tangut Imperial Guard bearing the tiger tally. Early in the Taiding reign he was made Zishan Grand Physician and Commissioner of the Court of Imperial Regalia. In 1329 he was selected to serve as Steward of the Crown Prince, then soon raised to Adviser Grandee and Associate Controller of the Bureau of Military Affairs, appointed Censor-in-Chief while retaining his military command. Early in the Zhishun reign he was made Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-Chief and Ronglu Grand Physician, then Commissioner of Meritorious Achievements, retaining his position as commander. Shortly afterward he was appointed Regional Chancellor of the Shaanxi Branch Secretariat, but before he could take up the post he was recalled as Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-Chief. During the Yuantong and later Zhiyuan years Boyan was chief minister, wielding exclusive power; resenting Yilianzhenban's refusal to bend in debate, he posted him as Regional Censor-in-Chief at the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. Boyan soon had his son Dalima put to death and sent Yilianzhenban into exile on Hainan. After Boyan's downfall he was summoned back to the capital. In 1346 he was made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Censor-in-Chief; he moved every able and upright official he could find into censorial posts, and for a time the appointments were praised as excellent. He was made Commissioner of the Xuanzheng Court, then sent as Regional Chancellor of Gansu, where his policies pacified the Western Qiang bandits and brought the people security, for which a commemorative stele was raised. On recall he received the rank of Silver-and-Green Grand Master and the post of Controller of Military Affairs, overseeing the Imperial Medical Academy; he was soon further promoted to Purple-and-Gold Grand Master, again made Censor-in-Chief and lecturer at the Classic Mat, and concurrently commander of the Xuanzhong Oros guard corps. He once submitted a memorial saying, 'Morals and public spirit grow weaker daily; I urge that former clerks be barred from bringing charges against their former superiors.'
3
太師馬扎兒台與子丞相脫脫既謫居在外，時相欲傾之，嗾人告變，且扳台臣同上奏。 亦憐真班曰：「凡為相者，孰無閑退之日？ 況脫脫父子在官無大咎過，奈何迫之於險？」 終不從。 經筵進講必詳必慎，故每讀譯文，必被嘉納。 監察御史劾奏時相，帝不聽，亦憐真班反覆論奏不已，由是忤上意，出為江浙行省平章政事，遷拜湖廣行省左丞相。 復召知樞密院事。 十一年，潁、亳兵起，朝廷命將出師，多失律致敗，數進言於時相，不見聽，復出為江浙行省左丞相。 十二年，移江西行省左丞相。 於是妖寇由蘄、黃陷饒州，饒之屬邑安仁與龍興相接境，其民皆相挺為亂。 亦憐真班道出安仁，因駐兵招之，來者厚加賞賚，不從者命子哈藍朵兒只與江西左丞火你赤等乘高縱火攻散之。 餘乾久為盜區，亦聞風順服。 先是，江西行省平章政事道童以寬容為政，軍民懈馳。 亦憐真班既至，風采一新，威聲大振，所在群盜咸謀歸款矣。 十四年八月，以疾卒於官，所部為之喪氣。 事聞，贈推忠佐運正憲秉義同德功臣，追封齊王，謚忠獻。
After Grand Preceptor Majarotai and his son Chief Councillor Toqtogha had been demoted and sent into exile, the chief minister of the day sought to ruin them further, stirred up accusations of treason, and pressed censorial officials to join in a joint memorial. Yilianzhenban said, 'Every man who has served as chief minister must someday leave office and retire— and besides, Toqtogha and his father committed no grave offense in office. Why drive them into danger?' In the end they would not heed him. His lectures at the Classic Mat were always thorough and careful, and whenever he read the translated text the emperor invariably commended him. When supervising censors impeached the chief minister, the emperor would not hear it; Yilianzhenban argued the matter again and again in memorial after memorial until he offended the throne and was posted as Regional Chancellor of Jiangsu-Zhejiang, then promoted to Left Regional Chancellor of Huguang. He was soon recalled as Controller of the Bureau of Military Affairs. In 1351 rebels rose in Ying and Bo prefectures; the court sent generals against them, but many broke discipline and were defeated. Yilianzhenban urged the chief minister repeatedly in vain and was again posted as Left Regional Chancellor of Jiangsu-Zhejiang. In 1352 he was transferred to serve as Left Regional Chancellor of Jiangxi. Rebel forces from Qizhou and Huangzhou then seized Raozhou; Anren, a county under Rao that bordered Longxing, saw its people rise together in revolt. Passing through Anren on his way, Yilianzhenban halted his troops to offer surrender terms: those who came in were richly rewarded, while those who refused he had his son Qarandorji and the Jiangxi Left Chancellor Huonichi attack from the heights with fire until they scattered. Yugan, long a haunt of bandits, likewise submitted at the news. Earlier the Jiangxi Regional Chancellor Daotong had governed with excessive leniency, and both troops and civilians had grown slack. When Yilianzhenban arrived, discipline was restored at once and his authority resounded; bandits everywhere began to plan their surrender. In the eighth month of 1354 he died of illness in office, and the troops under his command were cast into despair. When word reached the court, he was posthumously granted the title Meritorious Subject Who Pushes Loyalty, Assists the Dynasty, Upholds Rectitude, Holds to Righteousness, and Shares in Virtue; enfeoffed posthumously as Prince of Qi with the posthumous name Zhongxian (Loyal and Offering).
4
子九人：長答裡麻； 次普達失理，翰林學士承旨、知制誥兼修國史； 桑哥八剌，同知青海宣慰司事； 哈藍朵兒只，宣政院使； 桑哥答思，嶺北行省平章； 沙嘉室理，嶺北行省參政； 易納室理，大宗正也可扎魯火赤； 馬的室理，僉書樞密院事； 馬剌室理，內八府宰相。
He had nine sons. The eldest was Dalima; next Pudashili, Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-Chief, drafter of imperial edicts, and compiler of the national history; Sangge Bala, Associate Commissioner of the Qinghai Pacification Commission; Qarandorji, Commissioner of the Xuanzheng Court; Sangge Das, Regional Chancellor of the Lingbei Branch Secretariat; Shajia Shili, Vice Chancellor of the Lingbei Branch Secretariat; Yina Shili, chief judge of the Court of the Imperial Clan; Madi Shili, Secretary of the Bureau of Military Affairs; and Mala Shili, Chancellor of the Inner Eight Offices.
5
○廉惠山海牙
○ Lianhuishanhaiya
6
廉惠山海牙，字公亮，布魯海牙之孫，希憲之從子也。 父阿魯渾海牙，廣德路達魯花赤。 惠山海牙幼孤，言及父，輒泣下。 獨養母而家日不給，垢衣糲食，不以為恥。 母喪，哀毀逾禮，負喪渡江而風濤作，舟人以神龍忌屍為言，即仰天大呼曰：「吾將附母于先人，神奈何厄我也！」 風遂止。 年弱冠，大臣欲俾入宿衛。 辭曰：「吾大父事世祖，以通經號廉孟子。 今方設科取士，願讀書以科第進。」 乃入國學積分。 至治元年，登進士第，授承事郎、同知順州事。 有弓匠提舉馬都剌者，怙勢奪州民田，同列畏之。 惠山海牙至，即治其事。 在官期年，用薦者召入史館，預修英宗、仁宗《實錄》，尋拜監察御史。 時中書省有大臣貪猥狼籍，即抗章劾之，語同列曰：「儻以言責獲罪，吾之職也。」 既又劾奏明裡董阿不當攝祭太廟。 遷都水監，疏會通河，堤灤、漆二水，又修京東閘。 歷秘書丞、會福總管府治中，上疏言二月迎佛費財蠹俗，時論韙之。 出僉淮東廉訪司事，遷江浙行省左右司員外郎，既而歷僉河東、河南、江西廉訪司事，升江南行御史臺經歷。 時山東鹽法大壞，以選除都轉運使，曾未期月，用課最，賞賚金幣、上尊。 至正三年初，行郊禮，召拜侍儀使。 明年，預修遼、金、宋三史，遷崇文太監。 自是累遷為河南行省右丞。 時有詔發民治決河，遍騷屬郡，亟以不便上言，而時宰不用。 遷湖廣行省右丞，以武昌失守連坐，既而事白，遷江西行省右丞。 時所隸郡縣多陷於賊，乃與平章政事、司徒道童協謀殫力，以定守禦招捕之策，就除本道廉訪使。 未幾，江西省治亦陷，惠山海牙遁往福建。 久之，除僉江浙行樞密院事，改拜福建行省右丞，以兵鎮延平、邵武，境內以寧。 居歲餘，奉詔還治省事，總備禦事，且督賦稅由海道供京師，朝廷賴焉。 遷行宣政院使。 明年，拜翰林學士承旨、知制誥兼修國史。 卒，年七十有一。
Lianhuishanhaiya, whose style was Gongliang, was the grandson of Buluhaia and a nephew of Xixian. His father Aruhunhaia had served as Darughachi of Guangde Circuit. Huishanhaiya lost his father in childhood, and whenever he spoke of him tears would come. He supported his mother alone while the household grew poorer day by day, yet he wore ragged clothes and ate coarse food without shame. At his mother's death his grief exceeded the prescribed rites. Carrying her coffin across the river, he met a sudden storm; the boatmen said the river dragon would not bear a corpse. He looked up to heaven and cried, 'I am taking my mother to lie with our ancestors—how can the spirits obstruct me!' The wind fell still at once. Not yet twenty, senior ministers wished to place him in the palace guard. He declined, saying, 'My great-grandfather served Kublai Khan and was known as Master Lian the Mencius for his mastery of the classics. The civil service examinations have now been restored; I wish to study and advance by taking the examinations.' He entered the National University to complete his course of study. In 1321 he passed the jinshi examinations and was appointed Lang of the Third Rank and Associate Prefect of Shunzhou. A Bowyer Commissioner named Madula used his influence to seize land from local people, and his colleagues were afraid to act. As soon as Huishanhaiya took office he prosecuted the case. After a year in office he was recommended to the Historiography Institute to help compile the Veritable Records of Emperors Yingzong and Renzong, and was soon appointed Supervising Censor. When a senior minister at the Central Secretariat was exposed as corrupt and dissolute, he filed a bold impeachment and told his colleagues, 'If speaking out costs me my post, that is the censor's duty.' He also impeached Mingli Dong'a for improperly officiating at sacrifices in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. He was made Director of Waterways, dredged the Huitong Canal, built dikes on the Luan and Qi rivers, and repaired the eastern capital sluice-gates. He served as Secretary of the Secretariat and Administrative Assistant of the Huifu Chief Office, and memorialized that the second-month Buddha procession wasted public funds and corrupted morals—a view widely applauded at the time. He was posted as Commissioner of the Huaidong Surveillance Commission, then made Outer Section Vice Director in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Branch Secretariat, later served as Commissioner on the Hedong, Henan, and Jiangxi surveillance commissions, and was promoted Administrator of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. When the Shandong salt monopoly was in grave disorder he was selected as Director-General of Transport; within a month his revenue returns ranked first and he was rewarded with gold and imperial wine. Early in 1343, when the suburban sacrifices were held, he was summoned and appointed Master of Ceremonies. The following year he helped compile the histories of the Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties and was made Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. He was thereafter promoted step by step until he became Right Regional Chancellor of the Henan Branch Secretariat. An edict then ordered the people mobilized to repair the breached Yellow River, throwing every subordinate prefecture into turmoil; he urgently memorialized against the plan, but the chief minister ignored him. He was made Right Regional Chancellor of Huguang and was punished when Wuchang fell, but when the facts were cleared he was transferred as Right Regional Chancellor of Jiangxi. Many prefectures and counties under his jurisdiction had fallen to rebels; he joined Regional Chancellor Daotong in planning defense and pacification with all their strength, and was appointed Surveillance Commissioner of the circuit. Before long the Jiangxi provincial capital fell as well, and Huishanhaiya fled to Fujian. After some time he was made Commissioner of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Branch Bureau of Military Affairs, then Right Regional Chancellor of Fujian, where he garrisoned Yanping and Shaowu and brought the region under control. After more than a year he was ordered back to manage provincial affairs, overseeing defense and supervising grain taxes shipped by sea to the capital, on which the court came to depend. He was made Acting Commissioner of the Xuanzheng Court. The following year he was appointed Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-Chief, drafter of imperial edicts, and compiler of the national history. He died at the age of seventy-one.
7
○月魯不花
○ Yuelubuhua
8
月魯不花，字彥明，蒙古遜都思氏。 生而容貌魁偉，咸以令器期之。 未冠，父脫帖穆耳以千戶職戍越，因受業於韓性先生，為文下筆立就，粲然成章。 就試江浙鄉闈，中其選，居右榜第一。 方揭曉，試官夢月中有花象，已而果符其名，人以為異。 遂登元統元年進士第，授將仕郎、台州路錄事司達魯花赤。 縣未有學，乃首建孔子廟，既又延儒士為之師，以教後進。 丁外艱。 至正元年，朝廷立行都水監，以選為其監經歷。 尋擢廣東廉訪司經歷。 會廷議將治河決，以行都水監丞召之，比至，改集賢待制，除吏部員外郎。 奉命至江浙糴粟二十四萬石，至則第戶產之高下，以為糴之多寡，不擾而事集。 既而軍餉不給，又奉命出糴於江浙，召父老諭曰：「今天子宵衣旰食，惟恐澤不下民而民不得其所耳，然奈盜賊何。 夫討賊者必先糧餉，以我不汝擾，故命我復來，蓋討賊即所以安民耳。 父老其謂何？」 眾咸應曰：「公言是也。」 不逾月，糧事以畢。 丁母憂，中書遣賻且起復，不應。 未幾，太師、右丞相脫脫南征，辟從軍事，督饋餉，饋餉用舒。 升吏部郎中，尋拜監察御史。 首上疏言：「郊廟禮甚缺，天子宜躬祀南郊，殷祭太室。」 繼又上疏言：「皇太子天下之本，當簡老成重臣為輔導，以成其德。」 帝皆嘉納之。 升吏部侍郎，銓選於江浙，時稱其公允。 適朝廷有建議欲於河間、長蘆置局造海船三百艘者，月魯不花即為書具言其非便。 言入中書，忤議者，遷工部侍郎。 後分部彰德，道過河間，民遮擁拜謝曰：「微公言，吾民其斃矣。」
Yuelubuhua, whose style was Yanming, belonged to the Mongol Xundusi clan. From childhood he was tall and imposing in bearing, and everyone expected great things of him. Before he came of age his father Tuotiemuer was posted to garrison Yue as a chiliarch; he studied under Master Han Xing, and his essays were finished at a stroke, lucid and fully formed. He sat for the Jiangsu-Zhejiang provincial examination, passed, and placed first on the Mongol roster. When the results were posted, an examiner had dreamed of flowers and an elephant in the moon—an omen that matched his name, which people took as remarkable. He passed the jinshi examinations in 1333 and was appointed Gentleman for Merit and Darughachi of the Taizhou Circuit Recorder's Office. The county had no school, so he built a Confucian temple and invited scholars to teach the younger generation. He entered mourning for his father. In 1341 the court established the Branch Directorate of Waterways, and he was selected as its Administrator. He was soon promoted Administrator of the Guangdong Surveillance Commission. When the court debated repairing the breached Yellow River he was summoned as Vice Director of the Branch Directorate of Waterways, but by the time he arrived he had been made Attendant Drafter of the Jixian Academy and Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel. Ordered to Jiangsu-Zhejiang to purchase 240,000 piculs of grain, he assessed each household by wealth to set purchase quotas, completed the task without distressing the people. When military supplies ran short he was again ordered to purchase grain in Jiangsu-Zhejiang. He summoned the elders and said, 'The emperor rises early and retires late, fearing only that his grace does not reach the people—yet what can be done about bandits? To fight bandits we must first secure provisions. Because I did not trouble you before, I have been sent again—for suppressing bandits is how the people are kept secure. What do you elders say to that?' They all answered, 'My lord speaks rightly.' Within a month the grain purchases were completed. When his mother died the Central Secretariat sent condolence gifts and ordered him back to office, but he refused. Before long Grand Preceptor and Right Chief Councillor Toqtogha marched south; Yuelubuhua was recruited to his staff to supervise supplies, and the army's provisions were amply met. He was promoted Director in the Ministry of Personnel and soon appointed Supervising Censor. His first memorial said, 'Court ritual at the suburban altars and ancestral temple is gravely neglected; the emperor should sacrifice in person at the Southern Suburb and perform the great offering in the Grand Chamber.' He followed with another memorial: 'The Crown Prince is the foundation of the realm; seasoned and weighty ministers should be chosen to guide him and complete his character.' The emperor commended and accepted both memorials. He was promoted Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel and conducted civil appointments in Jiangsu-Zhejiang, where he was praised for fairness. When the court proposed establishing shipyards at Hejian and Changlu to build three hundred seagoing vessels, Yuelubuhua wrote at once explaining in detail why the plan was impracticable. His memorial reached the Central Secretariat, offended the plan's advocates, and he was transferred to Vice Director of the Ministry of Works. Later, while on assignment in Zhangde, he passed through Hejian, where the people thronged about him bowing and saying, 'But for your words, our people would have been ruined.'
9
會方重選守令，以保定密邇京畿，除保定路達魯花赤。 陛辭，詔諭諄切。 保定歲輸糧數十萬石於新鄉，苦弗便。 月魯不花請輸京倉以便之。 俄除吏部尚書。 保定父老百數詣闕，言乞留監郡以撫吾民，遂以尚書仍知郡事。 會賊北渡河，日修城浚濠為戰守具。 廷議發五省八衛軍出戍外鎮，月魯不花疏願留其兵護本郡，遂兼統黑軍數千人及團結西山八十二寨民義軍，勢大張。 賊再侵境，皆不利，遁去。 升中奉大夫，錫上尊四、馬百匹，僚佐增秩有差，別降宣敕俾賞有功者。 召還為詳定使。 保定民不忍其去，繪像以祀之。 去保定一月而城陷矣。 朝廷以月魯不花夙負民望，令入城招諭之，抵城，賊堅壁不出，民多竊出謁拜者。 改大都路達魯花赤。 有執政以故中書令耶律楚材先塋地冒奏與蕃僧為業者，月魯不花格之，卒弗與。 轉吏部尚書。 會劇賊程思忠據永平，其佐雷帖木兒不花偽降，事覺被擒，殺之，思忠壁守遂益堅。 詔令月魯不花招撫之，眾悉難其行，月魯不花毅然曰：「臣死君命，分也，奈何先計禍福哉！」 竟入城諭賊，賊皆感泣羅拜納降。
When the court was again selecting prefects and magistrates, Baoding—close to the capital—was given to him as Darughachi of Baoding Circuit. At his farewell audience the emperor gave him earnest instructions. Baoding was required to ship several hundred thousand piculs of grain each year to Xinxiang, a burden the people found intolerable. Yuelubuhua petitioned that the grain be delivered to the capital granaries instead. He was soon appointed Director of the Ministry of Personnel. Several hundred Baoding elders went to court begging that he remain to govern their prefecture, and he was therefore kept as Director while continuing to manage prefectural affairs. When rebels crossed the Yellow River from the north, he had the walls repaired and the moat dredged daily to prepare for defense. When the court debated sending troops from five provinces and eight guards to garrison distant posts, Yuelubuhua memorialized to keep those troops for local defense; he then took command of several thousand Black Army troops and militia from eighty-two stockaded villages in the Western Hills, and his forces grew formidable. When rebels invaded again they were defeated each time and withdrew. He was promoted to Zhongfeng Grandee and rewarded with four vessels of imperial wine and a hundred horses; his subordinates received promotions, and a separate edict authorized rewards for those who had distinguished themselves. He was recalled as Commissioner for Detailed Determination. The people of Baoding could not bear to see him go and painted his portrait for veneration. One month after he left, Baoding fell. Because Yuelubuhua had long enjoyed the people's trust, the court ordered him into the fallen city to offer terms; the rebels held the walls and would not emerge, but many people slipped out secretly to greet him. He was appointed Darughachi of the Dadu Circuit. When a chief minister falsely petitioned to grant the ancestral grave-land of the former Central Secretariat Director Yelü Chucai to Tibetan monks, Yuelubuhua blocked the grant and would not allow it. He was transferred to Director of the Ministry of Personnel. When the rebel Cheng Sizhong held Yongping, his lieutenant Lei Temür Buhua feigned surrender, was discovered, seized, and executed; Sizhong's defense of the walls then grew only firmer. The court ordered Yuelubuhua to offer terms of surrender; everyone thought the mission perilous, but he said firmly, 'A subject dies at his sovereign's command—that is his duty. How can one weigh fortune and disaster beforehand!' He entered the city at last, and the rebels wept, bowed in rows, and surrendered.
10
還，遷翰林侍講學士，俄復為大都路達魯花赤。 入見帝宣文閣，有旨若曰：「朕以畿甸之民疲敝，特選爾撫吾民。 爾毋峻威，毋弛法，或挾權以乾汝於非法，其即以聞。」 視事之初，帝及皇后、皇太子皆遣使賜之酒。 有權臣以免役事來謁，月魯不花面斥曰：「聖訓在耳，不敢違。」 轉資善大夫，拜江南行御史臺中丞。 陛辭之日，帝御嘉禧殿慰勞之，且賜以上尊、金幣； 皇太子亦書「成德誠明」四大字賜之。 月魯不花乃由海道趨紹興，為政寬猛不頗。 詔進階一品為榮祿大夫。 既而除浙西肅政廉訪使。 會張士誠據浙西，僭王號，度弗可與並處，謂侄同壽曰：「吾家世受國恩，恨不能刺賊以報國，矧乃與賊同處邪！」 令同壽具舟載妻子，而匿身木櫃中，蔽以藳秸，脫走，至慶元。 士誠部下察知之，遣鐵騎百餘追至曹娥江，不及而返。
On his return he was made Hanlin Attendant Lecturer and soon again appointed Darughachi of the Dadu Circuit. Received in audience at the Xuanwen Pavilion, the emperor said, 'The people of the capital region are worn and impoverished; I have chosen you especially to govern them. Do not be harsh in authority, do not relax the law, and if anyone abuses power to interfere with you unlawfully, report it at once.' At the start of his tenure the emperor, empress, and crown prince each sent envoys with gifts of wine. When a powerful minister came seeking exemption from corvée labor, Yuelubuhua rebuked him to his face: 'The emperor's words are still in my ears—I dare not disobey them.' He was made Zishan Grand Physician and Vice Censor-in-Chief of the Jiangnan Branch Censorate. On his farewell audience the emperor received him at the Jiaxi Hall with words of encouragement and gifts of imperial wine and gold; the crown prince also wrote and bestowed the four characters 'Accomplished in Virtue, Sincere and Clear.' Yuelubuhua traveled by sea to Shaoxing and governed with balanced firmness and leniency. He was promoted to first rank as Ronglu Grand Physician. He was soon appointed Surveillance Commissioner of Western Zhejiang. When Zhang Shicheng seized Western Zhejiang and declared himself king, Yuelubuhua judged that he could not remain under such rule and told his nephew Tongshou, 'Our family has received the dynasty's grace for generations; I regret that I cannot strike down this rebel for the state—how could I live under him!' He had Tongshou prepare a boat for his wife and children while he hid in a wooden chest covered with straw, escaped, and reached Qingyuan. Zhang Shicheng's men discovered the flight and sent more than a hundred armored horsemen in pursuit to the Cao'e River, but failed to overtake him.
11
俄改山南道廉訪使，浮海北而往，道阻，還抵鐵山，遇倭賊船甚眾，乃挾同舟人力戰拒之，倭賊紿言投降，弗納。 於是賊即登舟攫月魯不花，令拜伏，月魯不花罵曰：「吾朝廷重臣，寧為賊拜邪！」 遂遇害。 當遇害時，麾家奴那海刺殺首賊。 次子樞密院判官老安、侄百家奴捍敵，亦死之。 同舟死事者八十餘人。 事聞，朝廷贈攄忠宣武正憲徇義功臣、銀青榮祿大夫、遼陽等處行中書省平章政事、上柱國，謚忠肅。
He was soon made Surveillance Commissioner of the Shannan Circuit and sailed north by sea; when the route was blocked he returned to Tieshan, where he met a large fleet of Japanese pirates; he rallied his fellow passengers to fight them off and refused their feigned offer of surrender. The pirates then boarded and seized Yuelubuhua, ordering him to bow; he cursed them, saying, 'I am a high minister of the court—would I bow to bandits!' He was killed on the spot. As he was being killed he ordered his servant Nahi to stab the pirate leader. His second son Lao'an, an assistant director at the Bureau of Military Affairs, and his nephew Baijianu fought the enemy and were also killed. More than eighty people aboard the same vessel died with him. When word reached the court, he was posthumously granted the title Meritorious Subject Who Gathers Loyalty, Proclaims Martial Worth, Upholds Rectitude, and Follows Righteousness; made Silver-and-Green Grand Master and Regional Chancellor of the Liaoyang Branch Secretariat and Pillar of the State, with the posthumous name Zhongsu (Loyal and Solemn).
12
○達禮麻識理
○ Dalimashili
13
達禮麻識理，字遵道，怯烈台氏。 其先北方大族，六世祖始居開平。 父曰阿剌不花，江西行省參知政事，追封趙國公，謚襄惠。 達禮麻識理幼穎敏，從師授經史，過目輒領解。 至正五年，經筵選充譯史，益自砥礪於學，搢紳先生皆以遠大期之。 轉補御史臺譯史，遂除御史臺照磨。 十五年，拜監察御史，出僉山北道肅政廉訪司事，未行，留為詹事院長史。 俄遷工部員外郎，復留為長史。 明年，除中議，尋升參議詹事院事。 十七年，為太子家令。 十八年，歷秘書太監、吏部侍郎、御史臺經歷、中書右司郎中。 十九年，除刑部尚書，提調南北兵馬司巡綽事。 盜逼畿甸，人心大恐。 達禮麻識理能鎮之以靜，民恃以為安。 二十一年，由中書參議升中書參知政事、同知經筵事。 二十三年冬，遷上都留守，兼開平府尹，加榮祿大夫，分司土嶺，東鎮三州，以督轉輸。
Dalimashili, whose style was Zundao, belonged to the Qielietai clan. His forebears were a great clan of the north; his sixth-generation ancestor was the first to settle at Kaiping. His father Alabuhua had been Vice Chancellor of the Jiangxi Branch Secretariat and was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Zhao with the posthumous name Xianghui (Assisting and Kind). Dalimashili was clever from childhood; taught the classics and histories, he understood whatever he read at a glance. In 1345 he was selected as translator-scribe at the Classic Mat, redoubled his studies, and scholars and officials alike looked to him for great things. He was transferred to the Censorate as translator-scribe and then appointed its registrar. In 1355 he was appointed Supervising Censor and was to go out as Commissioner of the Shanbei Surveillance Commission, but before he could leave he was retained as Senior Secretary of the Household of the Heir Apparent. He was soon made Vice Director of the Ministry of Works but again kept on as Senior Secretary. The following year he was made Zhongyi and soon promoted Vice Chancellor of the Household of the Heir Apparent. In 1357 he became Steward of the Crown Prince. In 1358 he served as Director of the Secretariat, Vice Director of the Ministry of Personnel, Administrator of the Censorate, and Director in the Right Office of the Central Secretariat. In 1359 he was made Director of the Ministry of Justice and put in charge of patrol duties for the northern and southern military horse offices. Bandits pressed on the capital region and the people were terrified. Dalimashili kept order through calm authority, and the people took refuge in his steadiness. In 1361 he rose from Central Secretariat Councillor to Vice Chancellor of the Central Secretariat and Associate Lecturer for the Classic Mat. In the winter of 1363 he was made Garrison Commander of Shangdu and concurrently Prefect of Kaiping, promoted to Ronglu Grand Physician, and charged with overseeing Tuling and garrisoning the three eastern prefectures to supervise grain transport.
14
二十四年，朝廷以前中書平章政事塔失帖木兒來為留守。 時孛羅帖木兒擁兵京師，而皇太子出居於外，達禮麻識理與塔世帖木兒皆以忠義許國，相與結人心以觀時變。 未幾，改授塔世帖木兒為大司農。 塔世帖木兒謂達禮麻識理曰：「我至京師則制於強臣，未易圖也。」 因留不行。 適脫吉兒以孛羅帖木兒命屯兵蓋裡泊，托腹心於宗王也速也不堅，授以金印，俾駐上都之東郊，而以留守善安集兵於瓦吉剌部落。 達禮麻識理遇之有禮，善安辭去。 孛羅帖木兒復調帖木兒、托忽速哥至上都，以守禦為名，事益矛盾。 達禮麻識理與之周旋，略無幾微見於外，而密遣前宗正扎魯忽赤月魯帖木兒潛通音問於罕哈哈剌海行樞密知院益老答兒，請亟調兵南行。 又遣留守司照磨陳恭取兵興州，訪求在閒官吏之有才者，約束東西手八剌哈赤、虎賁司、糾集丁壯苗軍，火銃什伍相聯，一旦，布列鐵幡竿山下，揚言四方勤王之師皆至，帖木兒等大駭，一夕東走，其所將兵盡潰。 由是達禮麻識理增修武備，城守益嚴。
In 1364 the court sent the former Regional Chancellor Tashitemur to replace him as Garrison Commander of Shangdu. Bolu Temür then held the capital with his army while the crown prince lived abroad; Dalimashili and Tashitemur both pledged themselves to the dynasty and worked together to rally support while watching how events would turn. Before long Tashitemur was reassigned as Director of Agriculture. Tashitemur told Dalimashili, 'If I go to the capital I shall be at the mercy of powerful ministers and will be unable to act.' He therefore stayed and did not go. Tuojier, acting on Bolu Temür's orders, garrisoned troops at Gailipo, entrusted his confidant to the imperial prince Yesutubujian with a gold seal, and posted him east of Shangdu, while the garrison commander Shan'an gathered troops among the Wajila tribes. Dalimashili received Shan'an courteously, and Shan'an then withdrew. Bolu Temür then sent Temür and Tohusuge to Shangdu on the pretext of defense, and tensions grew sharper. Dalimashili dealt with them outwardly without showing a trace of his plans, while secretly sending the former chief judge Yuelu Temür to exchange messages with Yilaodaer, controller of the Hanhahalahai Branch Bureau of Military Affairs, urging him to march troops south at once. He also sent registrar Chen Gong to raise troops at Xingzhou, recruited able officials who were idle, marshaled the eastern and western guard units and Tiger Guard Office, gathered stalwart Miao militia, and linked fire-lance squads; one day he arrayed them below Iron Banner Pole Hill and proclaimed that loyalist armies had arrived from every quarter. Temür and his men were terrified, fled east overnight, and their troops scattered completely. Dalimashili then strengthened the defenses and tightened the garrison of the city.
15
二十五年，皇太子在冀寧，命立上都分省，達世帖木兒為平章政事，達禮麻識理為右丞，便宜行事，以固護根本。 七月，禿堅帖木兒用孛羅帖木兒命，以兵犯上都，先遣利用少監帖裡哥赤至上都，令廣備糧餼，遠迓大軍。 達禮麻識理開陳大義，戮之於市，民情乃定。 已而禿堅帖木兒帥鐵甲馬步軍蔽野而至，呼聲動天。 達禮麻識理飭軍士城守，申明逆順之理以安人心，巡視城壁，晝夜不少息。 夜遣死士縋城而下，焚其攻具，而調副留守禿魯迷失海牙引兵由小東門出，與之大戰臥龍岡，敗之。 未幾，孛羅帖木兒伏誅，禿堅帖木兒皆奔潰，而上都以安。 拜中書右丞，兼上都留守，提調虎賁司，加光祿大夫，賜黃金系腰，仍命提調東西手八剌哈赤。 既而上都分省罷，遙授中書平章政事、上都留守，位居第一，力辭不允。 明年，召為大宗正府也可扎魯忽赤。 又明年，拜太子詹事。 奉詔至軍中，宣明大義，籓將感悅。 遷翰林學士承旨。 秋，除知樞密院事、大撫軍院事。 初，大撫軍院之立，皇太子用完者帖木兒、答爾麻、帖林沙、伯顏帖木兒、李國鳳等計，專以備禦擴廓帖木兒，既而政權不一，事務益乖，各復引去，而達禮麻識理之至，事且無可為者。
In 1365, while the crown prince was at Jining, he ordered a Shangdu Branch Secretariat established with Dashitemur as Regional Chancellor and Dalimashili as Right Vice Chancellor, empowered to act at discretion to secure the dynasty's base. In the seventh month Tujian Temür, acting on Bolu Temür's orders, marched against Shangdu; he first sent Vice Commissioner Teligeke ahead to demand vast stores of provisions and prepare to receive the main army. Dalimashili stated the right cause and had him executed in the marketplace, which steadied the people. Soon Tujian Temür arrived at the head of armored horse and foot soldiers covering the plain, their battle cries shaking the sky. Dalimashili ordered the troops to hold the walls, explained the difference between loyalty and rebellion to calm the people, and inspected the defenses day and night without rest. At night he sent dare-to-die troops down from the walls to burn the siege engines, and had Associate Garrison Commander Tulushihaiya lead a sortie through the small east gate to fight them at Wolong Hill and defeat them. Before long Bolu Temür was put to death, Tujian Temür's forces broke and fled, and Shangdu was saved. He was made Right Vice Chancellor of the Central Secretariat and concurrently Garrison Commander of Shangdu, put in charge of the Tiger Guard Office, promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and given a gold waist-belt, and still charged with the eastern and western guard units. When the Shangdu Branch Secretariat was abolished he was appointed from afar as Regional Chancellor and Garrison Commander of Shangdu with first rank; he tried hard to decline but was not allowed. The following year he was summoned as chief judge of the Court of the Imperial Clan. The year after that he was appointed Grand Mentor of the Crown Prince. Ordered to the army, he proclaimed the right cause, and the frontier generals were moved and won over. He was made Hanlin Academician Expositor-in-Chief. In autumn he was made Controller of the Bureau of Military Affairs and Commissioner of the Great Pacification Army Office. When the Great Pacification Army Office was first established, the crown prince had followed the counsel of Wanze Temür, Daerma, Tielinsha, Boyan Temür, Li Guofeng, and others solely to guard against Köke Temür; but power was soon divided, affairs fell into confusion, and each of them withdrew; by the time Dalimashili arrived, there was little left for him to do.
16
達禮麻識理之卒也，先一夕，怯薛官哈剌章者，阿兒剌氏阿魯圖孫也，夜夢太祖召見，語之曰：「我以勤勞取天下，以傳於妥歡帖睦爾。 而愛猷識理達臘不克肖似，廢壞我家法，苟不即收圖，天命不可保矣。 爾吾功臣之後，且誠實，故召汝語，汝明旦亟以吾言告而主及愛猷識理達臘。 汝不以告，吾即殛汝，告而不改，則吾它有處之。 達禮麻識理其人庶幾識事宜者，然知而不言，將焉用之？ 吾其先殛之矣。」 明旦，哈剌章入見帝，具以夢告，帝令以告皇太子。 比出，則達禮麻識理已無疾而卒矣。
On the night before Dalimashili died, the Keshik officer Hala Zhang, grandson of Arutu of the Arlat clan, dreamed that Taizu summoned him and said, 'I won the realm through toil and passed it to Toghon Temür. But Ayushiridara does not resemble him and has ruined our house law; unless he recovers his purpose at once, the Mandate of Heaven cannot be preserved. You are the descendant of my meritorious subject and are honest; I summon you to speak. Tomorrow morning tell your master and Ayushiridara my words without delay. If you do not report it, I shall execute you at once; if you report and they do not reform, I shall deal with them in another way. Dalimashili is a man who might understand the times, yet knowing and not speaking—of what use is he? I shall execute him first.' At dawn Hala Zhang saw the emperor and reported the dream in full; the emperor ordered him to tell the crown prince. By the time he came out, Dalimashili had already died suddenly without illness.