1
張柔，字德剛，易州定興人，世力農。 柔少慷慨，尚氣節，善騎射，以豪俠稱。 金貞祐間，河北盜起，柔聚族黨保西山東流寨，選壯士，結隊伍以自衛，盜不敢犯。 郡人張信假柔聲勢，納流人女為妻，柔鞭信百而還其女。 信憾之，謀結黨害柔。 未幾，信有罪當誅，柔救之得免，於是驍勇之士，多慕義從之。 中都經略使苗道潤承製授柔定興令，累遷清州防禦使。 道潤表其才，加昭毅大將軍，遙領永定軍節度使，兼雄州管內觀察使，權元帥左都監，行元帥府事。 繼而道潤為其副賈瑀所殺，瑀遣使以好辭來告曰：「吾得除道潤者，以君不助兵故也。」 柔怒叱使者曰：「瑀殺吾所事，吾食瑀肉且未足快意，反以此言相戲耶！」 遂移檄道潤部曲，會易州軍市川，誓眾為之復仇，眾皆感泣。 適道潤麾下何伯祥得道潤所佩金虎符以獻，因推柔行經略使事。 事聞，加驃騎將軍、中都留守，兼大興府尹、本路經略使，行元帥事。
Zhang Rou, styled Degang, came from Dingxing in Yizhou. His family had farmed the land for generations. As a young man Rou was open-handed and chivalrous, prized loyalty and courage, skilled in horsemanship and archery, and famed as a gallant free spirit. In the Jinyou reign of the Jin, brigands spread across Hebei. Rou rallied his kinsmen to defend Dongliu Stockade in the Western Hills, picked stalwart fighters, and organized armed bands for protection so that raiders dared not trouble them. A local man named Zhang Xin traded on Rou's reputation to seize a refugee woman as his wife. Rou had Xin whipped a hundred times and sent the woman back. Xin nursed a grudge and schemed with allies to destroy Rou. Soon afterward Xin was condemned to death for a crime, but Rou intervened and he was pardoned. From then on many bold fighters were drawn to his sense of justice and joined his cause. Miao Daorun, military commissioner of the Central Capital, appointed Rou magistrate of Dingxing by imperial order, and Rou rose through successive posts to Defender of Qingzhou. Daorun recommended his abilities to the throne. Rou was promoted to Grand General of Manifest Valor, given the nominal post of Military Commissioner of the Yongding Army, made concurrent Commissioner of Observation for Xiongzhou, named acting Left Overseer of the Marshalate, and entrusted with the affairs of the marshal's headquarters. Daorun was soon killed by his deputy Jia Yu, who sent an envoy with soothing words: "I was able to eliminate Daorun because you did not send troops to help him." Rou thundered at the envoy: "Yu murdered the lord I served. I would not be satisfied even if I devoured his flesh—and you dare mock me with words like these!" He issued a call to arms to Daorun's troops, mustered them at Junshichuan in Yizhou, and led the host in swearing vengeance. The men wept as one. At that moment He Boxiang, a commander under Daorun, presented the golden tiger tally that Daorun had carried, and the troops pressed Rou to assume the duties of military commissioner. When word reached the court, he was promoted to General of Agile Cavalry, made Garrison Commander of the Central Capital and concurrently Prefect of Daxing and military commissioner of the circuit, and entrusted with marshal's authority.
2
戊寅，國兵出紫荊口，柔率所部逆戰於狼牙嶺，馬蹶被執，遂以眾降，太祖還其舊職，得以便宜行事。 柔招集部曲，下雄、易、安、保諸州，攻破賈瑀於孔山，誅瑀，剖其心祭道潤。 瑀黨郭收亦降，盡有其眾，徙治滿城。 金真定帥武仙會兵數万來攻，柔以兵數百出奇迎戰，大破之。 乘勝攻完州，下之，獲州佐甄全。 全慷慨就戮，柔義而釋之，且升為守，使將部曲以從。 己卯，仙復來攻，敗走之，進拔郎山、祁州、曲陽，諸城寨聞之，皆降。 既而中山叛，柔引兵圍之，與仙將葛鐵倉戰於新樂。 流矢中柔頷，折其二齒，拔矢以戰，斬首數千級，擒藁城令劉成，遂拔中山。 仙復會兵攻滿城，柔登城拒戰，復為流矢所中。 仙兵大呼曰：「中張柔矣！」 柔不為動，開門突戰，皆敗走。 略地至鼓城，單騎入城，喻以禍福，城遂降。 又敗仙於祁州，進攻深澤、寧晉、安平，克之。 分遣別將攻下平棘、藁城、無極、欒城諸縣，辟地千餘里。 由是深、冀以北，真定以東三十餘城，緣山反側鹿兒、野狸等寨，相繼降附。 一月之間，與仙遇者凡十有七，每戰輒勝。 方獻捷於行在所，行次宣德，而易州軍叛，逐其守盧應妻子，據西山馬頭寨。 柔聞之，即棄輜重還，出奇計破其寨，而誅叛者，歸其妻子。 加榮祿大夫、河北東西等路都元帥，號拔都魯，置官屬，將士遷授有差。
On wuyin day the Mongol army came through Zijing Pass. Rou met them at Langya Ridge with his forces, but his horse fell and he was taken prisoner. He then surrendered with his troops. Taizu restored his former offices and granted him broad discretionary powers. Rou rallied his forces, swept through the prefectures of Xiong, Yi, An, and Bao, crushed Jia Yu at Kongshan, put him to death, and cut out his heart as a sacrifice to Daorun's spirit. Yu's follower Guo Shou submitted as well. Rou absorbed their entire force and relocated his headquarters to Mancheng. Wu Xian, the Jin commander at Zhending, gathered tens of thousands of troops for an assault. Rou met him with only a few hundred men in a surprise attack and won a crushing victory. Following up his victory he attacked Wanzhou, captured it, and seized the prefectural aide Zhen Quan. Quan faced execution with calm dignity. Moved by his conduct, Rou spared him, appointed him defender of the prefecture, and had him lead his own troops in Rou's service. On jimao day Wu Xian attacked again. Rou routed him and drove him back, then advanced to take Langshan, Qizhou, and Quyang. At the news, fortresses and stockades throughout the region surrendered. Zhongshan then rose in revolt. Rou laid siege with his army and fought Wu Xian's general Ge Tiecan at Xinle. A stray arrow struck his jaw and broke two teeth. He pulled out the shaft and kept fighting, slew several thousand of the enemy, captured Liu Cheng, magistrate of Gaocheng, and finally took Zhongshan. Wu Xian rallied his forces again to assault Mancheng. Rou defended from the walls and was hit by another stray arrow. Wu Xian's soldiers shouted: "We have hit Zhang Rou!" Rou did not flinch. He opened the gates and charged out; the enemy broke and fled. He extended his conquests to Gucheng, rode into the city alone, explained the consequences of resistance and submission, and the city surrendered. He defeated Wu Xian again at Qizhou, then advanced against Shenze, Ningjin, and Anping and took them all. He sent subordinate commanders to seize the counties of Pingji, Gaocheng, Wuji, and Luancheng, extending his domain by more than a thousand li. Thereafter more than thirty cities north of Shen and Ji and east of Zhending, along with mountain strongholds such as Fanside, Lu'er, and Yeli, submitted in succession. Within a single month he clashed with Wu Xian seventeen times and won every encounter. While he was reporting his victories at the imperial camp, which had halted at Xuande, the Yizhou garrison mutinied, expelled the wife and children of the defender Lu Ying, and seized Matou Stockade in the Western Hills. Hearing the news, Rou at once abandoned his supply train and marched back. With a surprise stratagem he stormed the stockade, executed the mutineers, and restored Lu Ying's family. He was promoted to Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Grand Marshal of the Eastern and Western Hebei circuits, given the title Baduru, provided with a full staff, and his officers and men were rewarded with graded promotions.
3
燕帥孱赤台數凌柔，柔不為下，乃譖柔於中都行台曰：「張柔驍勇無敵，向被執而降，今委以兵柄，戰勝攻取，威震河朔，失今不圖，後必難制。 常欲殺我，我不敢南也。」 行台召柔，幽之土室，孱赤台施帳寢其上，環以甲騎，明日將殺之，孱赤台一夕暴死，柔乃得免。 金經略使固安王子昌，善戰知名，與信安張進連兵，阻水為固，遠近憚之。 柔出其不意，率兵徑渡，生擒以還。
The Yan commander Chanchitai repeatedly tried to dominate Rou, who refused to submit. Chanchitai then denounced him to the Central Capital branch secretariat: "Zhang Rou is a peerless warrior. Though he surrendered after capture, he has now been given command of troops, wins every battle, and his fame shakes all of Heshuo. If we do not act now, he will prove impossible to control later. He has long wanted to kill me. I dare not march south while he lives." The branch secretariat summoned Rou and locked him in an earthen cell. Chanchitai pitched his tent above the cell, ringed it with armored cavalry, and planned to execute Rou the next day. That night Chanchitai died suddenly, and Rou was released. Wang Zichang of Gu'an, a Jin military commissioner famed for his fighting skill, joined forces with Zhang Jin of Xin'an. They fortified their position behind waterways, and commanders throughout the region feared them. Rou took them by surprise, led his men straight across the water, and brought Zichang back alive as a prisoner.
4
乙酉，真定武仙殺其帥史天倪，其弟天澤使來求援。 柔遣驍將喬惟忠等率千餘騎赴之，與仙戰，敗之。 遂分遣惟忠、宋演略彰德，徇齊魯； 聶福堅略青、魏、山東。 璽書授柔行軍千戶、保州等處都元帥。 丙戌，遣將以兵從國王孛魯，攻李全於益都，降之。 丁亥，移鎮保州。 保自兵火之餘，荒廢者十五年，盜出沒其間。 柔為之畫市井，定民居，置官廨，引泉入城，疏溝渠以瀉卑濕，通商惠工，遂致殷富。 遷廟學於城東南，增其舊制。
On yiyou day Wu Xian of Zhending murdered his commander Shi Tianni. Tianni's brother Tianze sent envoys to request assistance. Rou sent his fierce commander Qiao Weizhong and others with more than a thousand horsemen. They engaged Wu Xian and routed him. He then sent Weizhong and Song Yan to reduce Zhangde and campaign through Qi and Lu; and Nie Fujian to subdue Qing, Wei, and Shandong. An imperial edict appointed Rou Military Thousand-Household and Grand Marshal of Baozhou and surrounding districts. On bingxu day he sent commanders with troops to follow Prince Belu, attacked Li Quan at Yidu, and accepted his surrender. On dinghai day he moved his headquarters to Baozhou. Baozhou had lain in ruins for fifteen years since the wars, and bandits roamed the district freely. Rou planned its markets and wards, resettled the people, built government offices, brought spring water into the city, dredged canals to drain the low wet ground, encouraged trade and crafts, and restored the district to prosperity. He relocated the temple school to the southeast quarter of the city and expanded it beyond its former scale.
5
壬辰，從睿宗伐金，語其眾曰：「吾用兵，殺人多矣，寧無冤者？ 自今以往，非與敵戰，誓不殺也。」 圍汴京，柔軍於城西北，金兵屢出拒戰。 柔單騎陷陣，出入數四，金人莫能支。 金主自黃陵岡渡河，次漚麻岡，欲取衛州，柔以兵合擊，金主敗走睢陽。 其臣崔立以汴京降，柔於金帛一無所取，獨入史館，取《金實錄》並秘府圖書； 訪求耆德及燕趙故族十餘家，衛送北歸。 遂圍睢陽，金主走汝南。 汝南恃柴潭為阻，會宋孟珙以兵糧來會，珙決其南，潭水涸。 金人懼，啟南門求死戰，柔以步卒二十餘突其陣，促聶福堅先登，擒二校以歸。 又遣張信據其內隍，諸軍齊進，金主自殺。 汝南既破，下令屠城，一小校縛十人以待，一人貌獨異，柔問之，狀元王鶚也，解其縛，賓禮之。 入朝，太宗歷數其戰功，班諸帥上，賜金虎符，升軍民萬戶。
On renchen day he followed Ruizong in the campaign against Jin and addressed his troops: "In all my campaigns I have killed many men. Surely some of them were innocent. From this day forward I swear that except in battle with the enemy I will take no life." They besieged Bianjing. Rou camped northwest of the city while Jin forces repeatedly sallied to fight him off. Rou charged the enemy lines alone on horseback, breaking in and out of the formation again and again, and the Jin troops could not hold him. The Jin emperor crossed the Yellow River from Huangling Ridge and halted at Ouma Ridge, intending to take Weizhou. Rou joined in a combined attack and drove him in defeat toward Suiyang. His minister Cui Li surrendered Bianjing. Rou took no gold or silk for himself but went alone into the History Office and removed the Veritable Records of Jin along with the imperial library collections; sought out more than ten families of venerable elders and distinguished clans of Yan and Zhao, and escorted them safely north. He then besieged Suiyang while the Jin emperor fled to Runan. Runan relied on the Chaitan moat for defense. Song Meng Gong arrived with troops and supplies to join the siege, breached the southern embankment, and the moat ran dry. The Jin, in desperation, opened the south gate for a final battle. Rou led a little more than twenty foot soldiers in a charge through their lines, pressed Nie Fujian to scale the wall first, and brought back two captured officers. He sent Zhang Xin to seize the inner moat while the combined armies pressed forward together. The Jin emperor took his own life. After Runan fell, orders went out to slaughter the city. A junior officer had bound ten men for execution. One man's bearing was strikingly distinguished. Rou asked who he was and learned it was Wang E, holder of the highest civil degree. He cut his bonds and received him with full honors. At court Taizong recounted his battle honors, ranked him above the other commanders, bestowed a golden tiger tally, and promoted him to Ten-Thousand-Household of Army and People.
6
乙未，從皇子闊出拔棗陽，繼從大帥太赤攻徐、邳。 丁酉，詔屯兵曹武以逼宋。 道出九里關，柔欲率所部徑往，或言關甚險，宋必設伏，不若與大軍俱進。 不聽，與二十騎直前據關，方解甲而食。 宋兵出兩山間，圍數重，騎皆失色，柔單騎馳突潰圍。 大軍繼至，遂達曹武，悉下緣山諸堡，攻洪山寨，破之，遂營山下。 柔率眾出略地他處，宋兵乘虛來襲，柔還，與之遇，自旦至暮，凡十餘戰，大敗宋師，斬其將校十有三人。 遂會諸軍取光州，又進趣黃州。 破三山寨，至大湖中，得戰艦，沿江接戰，壁於黃州西北隅。 有乘舟出者，柔曰：「此偵伺我隙者也，夜必襲吾不備。」 乃分軍為三以待之。 二鼓時，宋師果至，柔遮擊之，俘數百人，溺死者不可計。 攻其東門，矢石雨注，軍少卻。 柔率死士十餘，奮戈大呼，所向僕踣，執俘而還。 宋師懼，請和，乃還軍。
On yiwei day he followed Prince Kuochu to capture Zaoyang, then joined Grand Marshal Taichi in the assault on Xu and Pi. On dingyou day an edict ordered troops stationed at Caowu to pressure the Song frontier. The route passed through Jiuli Pass. Rou wanted to lead his own troops straight ahead, but others warned that the pass was treacherous and the Song would surely lay ambushes—it would be safer to march with the main army. He refused to listen, rode ahead with twenty horsemen to seize the pass, and had just dismounted to eat. Song troops emerged from between the mountains and surrounded them in ring after ring. His horsemen turned pale with fear. Rou charged alone and broke through the encirclement. The main army arrived soon after. They reached Caowu, reduced all the mountain forts along the route, stormed Hongshan Stockade, captured it, and made camp at the foot of the mountain. Rou led his men out to raid elsewhere. Song forces seized the chance to strike his camp. He returned, met them in battle, and from dawn to dusk fought more than ten engagements, crushing the Song army and slaying thirteen of their officers. He then joined the combined armies to take Guangzhou and advanced on Huangzhou. He stormed Sanshan Stockade, reached the great lake, seized war junks, fought a running series of engagements along the river, and fortified the northwest corner of Huangzhou. When a boat put out from the city, Rou said, "They are scouting our weaknesses. They will attack us by night when we are unprepared." He divided his force into three detachments to await them. At the second watch the Song army came as he had foreseen. Rou intercepted them, took several hundred prisoners, and drowned countless more. They assaulted the east gate under a rain of arrows and stones, and the army fell back briefly. Rou led a dozen picked warriors in a furious charge, shouting as they swung their weapons. Wherever they struck men fell. They seized prisoners and fought their way back. The Song army, shaken, sued for peace, and he withdrew his forces.
7
大帥察罕攻滁州，柔以二百騎往。 時盧、泗、盱眙、安豐間，宋屯戍相望，斥候甚嚴，或勸柔勿行，不聽，且戰且前，凡二十餘戰。 比至滁，察罕以滁久不拔，欲解去，柔請決戰，從之。 既陣，宋驍將出挑戰，柔佯卻，宋將驕，柔馳及之，楇擊墜地，宋將執柔轡曳入其陣，飛石中柔鼻，兩軍哄，柔得還，裹瘡复戰。 夜遣鞏彥暉劫其營，焚城東南隅，柔率銳卒五十七人先登，拔之。 己亥，以本官節制河南諸翼兵馬徵行事，河南三十餘城皆屬焉。
Grand Marshal Chaghan was besieging Chuzhou, and Rou rode to join him with two hundred horsemen. Between Lu, Si, Xuyi, and Anfeng the Song had garrisons posted at every turn and scouts on strict watch. Some urged Rou not to go, but he refused to listen and fought his way forward through more than twenty engagements. When he reached Chuzhou, Chaghan, frustrated that the city still held, planned to withdraw. Rou asked for one decisive battle and Chaghan agreed. When the armies were drawn up, a fierce Song champion rode out to challenge him. Rou feigned retreat. The Song man grew overconfident. Rou wheeled back, struck him down with a mace, but the Song general seized his reins and dragged him into the enemy lines. A flying stone struck Rou in the nose. Both armies erupted in uproar. Rou broke free, bound his wound, and returned to the fight. That night he sent Gong Yanhui to raid the enemy camp and burn the southeast corner of the city. Rou led fifty-seven picked warriors in the first assault over the wall and captured the city. On jihai day he was confirmed in his present rank as commander of all wing forces of Henan on campaign, and more than thirty cities of Henan fell under his authority.
8
庚子，詔柔等八萬戶伐宋。 辛丑，升保州為順天府，賜御衣數襲、名馬二、尚厩馬百。 柔率師自五河口濟淮，略和州諸城，師還，分遣部下將千人屯田於襄城。 察罕奏柔總諸軍鎮杞。 初，河決於汴，西南入陳留，分而為三，杞居其中氵單。 宋兵恃舟楫之利，駐亳、泗，犯汴、洛，以擾河南。 柔乃即故杞之東西中三山夾河，順殺水勢，築連城，結浮梁，為進戰退耕之計，敵不敢至。 會諸軍攻破壽州，柔欲留兵守之，察罕不從。 又敗宋師於泗州，還杞上。 帳下吏夾谷顯祖得罪亡走，上變誣柔，執柔以北。 大臣多以闔門保柔者，卒辨其誣，顯祖伏誅。
On gengzi day an edict ordered Rou and the other eight ten-thousand-household commanders to campaign against the Song. On xinchou day Baozhou was elevated to Shuntian Prefecture. He received several suits of imperial robes, two famous horses, and a hundred horses from the imperial stud. Rou led his army across the Huai at Wuhekou, reduced the cities of Hezhou, then withdrew and sent subordinate commanders with a thousand men each to establish garrison farms at Xiangcheng. Chaghan recommended that Rou take overall command of the armies stationed at Qi. The Yellow River had earlier burst its banks at Bian, flowed southwest into Chenliu, and split into three channels with Qi stranded amid the shallows between them. Song forces exploited their naval advantage, stationed at Bo and Si, and raided Bian and Luoyang to harass Henan. Rou then occupied the old Qi sites at East, West, and Central Three Mountains along the river channels, followed the slackening current, built a chain of fortified towns and floating bridges, and devised a system for fighting forward and farming in retreat. The enemy dared not approach. When the combined armies captured Shouzhou, Rou wanted to leave a garrison, but Chaghan refused. He defeated the Song army again at Sizhou and returned to his base at Qi. A staff officer named Jiagu Xianzu offended Rou and fled. He filed a false report accusing Rou of treason, and Rou was arrested and taken north. Many senior ministers pledged their households as guarantors for Rou. The charge was eventually exposed as false, and Xianzu was put to death.
9
辛亥，憲宗即位，換授金虎符，仍軍民萬戶。 甲寅，移鎮亳州。 環亳皆水，非舟楫不達，柔甃城壁為橋梁屬汴堤，以通商賈之利； 復建孔子廟，設校官弟子員。 入奏，帝悅，賜衣一襲、翎根甲一、金符九、銀符十九，頒將校之有功者。
On xinhai day Xianzong ascended the throne. Rou received a new golden tiger tally and retained his rank as Ten-Thousand-Household of Army and People. On jiayin day he transferred his headquarters to Bozhou. Bozhou was surrounded by water and reachable only by boat. Rou faced the city walls with brickwork to build bridges linking the Bian embankment and open the city to merchant traffic; rebuilt the Confucius temple, and appointed school officials with a fixed quota of students. When he reported at court the emperor was pleased and granted him one suit of robes, one feather-root armor, nine gold tallies and nineteen silver tallies, which he distributed among his meritorious officers.
10
己未，分裨將張果、王仲仁從憲宗徵蜀； 王安國、胡進、田伯榮、宋演從宗王塔察兒攻荊山； 柔從世祖攻鄂。 世祖由大勝關，柔由虎頭關，與宋兵遇於沙窩，柔子弘彥擊破之，進與守關兵戰，敗之。 世祖自陽羅渡江，促柔會兵攻鄂，百餘日不能下。 世祖諭之曰：「吾猶獵者，不能擒圈中豕，野獵以供汝食，汝可破圈而取之。」 柔乃令何伯祥作鵝車，洞掘其城，別遣勇士先登，攻其西南陬，屢破之。 會憲宗凶問至，宋亦行成，世祖北還，命柔統領蒙古、漢軍，以俟後命，城白鹿磯，為久駐計。
On jiwei day he detached subordinate generals Zhang Guo and Wang Zhongren to follow Xianzong in the campaign against Shu; and Wang Anguo, Hu Jin, Tian Borong, and Song Yan to follow Prince Tachar in the attack on Jingshan; Rou followed Kublai Khan in the assault on Ezhou. Kublai advanced through Dasheng Pass while Rou took Hutou Pass. They met Song forces at Shawo. Rou's son Hongyan routed the enemy, then pressed forward against the pass garrison and defeated it. Kublai crossed the Yangzi from Yangluo and pressed Rou to join the assault on Ezhou, but after more than a hundred days the city still held. Kublai told him, "I am like a hunter who cannot catch the pig in the pen. I hunt in the wild to feed you—now break the pen and take the pig yourself." Rou then had He Boxiang build siege towers and tunnel under the walls. He sent picked warriors to scale the ramparts first and assaulted the southwest corner again and again until the defenses gave way. News of Möngke Khan's death arrived, and the Song also sued for peace. Kublai withdrew north, left Rou in command of the Mongol and Han armies to await further orders, and fortified Bailu Rock for a prolonged stay.
11
弘略字仲傑，柔第八子也。 有謀略，通經史，善騎射。 嘗從柔鎮杞徙亳。 歲乙卯，入朝憲宗，授金符，權順天萬戶。 從征蜀，以其幼，賜錦衣，令還鎮。 柔既致仕，授弘略金虎符、順天路管民總管、行軍萬戶，仍總宣德、河南、懷孟等路諸軍屯亳者。 中統三年，李璮反，求救於宋將夏貴。 貴自蘄乘虛北奪亳、滕、徐、宿、邳、滄、濱七州，新蔡、符離、蘄、利津四縣，殺守將。 弘略率戰船遏之於渦口，貴退保蘄，弘略發亳軍攻之，水陸並進。 宋兵素憚亳軍，焚城宵遁，追殺殆盡，獲軍資不可計，盡复所失地。 李璮既誅，追問當時與璮通書者，獨弘略書皆勸以忠義，事得釋。 朝廷懲璮叛逆，務裁諸侯權以保全之，因解弘略兵職，宿衛京師，賜只孫冠服，以從宴享。 至元三年，城大都，佐其父為築宮城總管。 八年，授朝列大夫、同行工部事，兼領宿衛親軍、儀鸞等局。 十三年，城成，賜內帑金扣、玳瑁卮，授中奉大夫、淮東道宣慰使。 十四年，宋廣王昺據閩、廣，時東海縣儲粟數万，行省檄弘略將兵二千戍之，仍命造舟運粟入淮安。 弘略顧民舟，有能載粟十石者與一石，人爭趨之，一月而畢。 十六年，遷江西宣慰使。 會饒州盜起，犯都昌。 弘略以為，饒雖屬江東，與南康止隔一湖，此寇不滅，則吾境必有相扇而起者。 乃使人直搗其巢穴，生縛賊酋，磔於市，餘黨潰散。 下令曰：「不操兵者，皆為平民，餘無所問。」 頃之，以疾歸亳。 有讒貴臣子在江南買田宅樂而忘歸者，詞引弘略。 或謂弘略曰：「公但居亳，未嘗在江南，入見宜自明。」 弘略曰：「明之，則言者獲譴矣，吾寧稱疾家居。」 二十九年，見世祖於龍虎台，請曰：「臣之子玠長矣，願備宿衛。」 從之，且賜以酒曰：「卿年未老，謝事何為。」 特命為河南行省參知政事。 元貞二年卒。 贈推忠佐理功臣、銀青榮祿大夫、平章政事、上柱國、蔡國公，諡忠毅。 子三人：玠，瑾，琰。
Honglue, styled Zhongjie, was Rou's eighth son. He was resourceful in counsel, well versed in the classics and histories, and skilled in horsemanship and archery. He had followed his father from the garrison at Qi to Bozhou. In the yimao year he attended court before Möngke Khan, received a gold tally, and was appointed acting Ten-Thousand-Household of Shuntian. He joined the campaign against Shu, but because he was still young he was given brocade robes and sent back to his post. When Rou retired, Honglue received a golden tiger tally and was appointed Chief Administrator of the People of Shuntian Circuit and Military Ten-Thousand-Household, while retaining command of all armies from Xuande, Henan, Huaimeng, and other circuits stationed at Bozhou. In the third year of Zhongtong, Li Tan rebelled and appealed to the Song general Xia Gui for help. Gui advanced north from Qi while the Yuan forces were distracted and seized seven prefectures—Bo, Teng, Xu, Su, Pi, Cang, and Bin—and four counties—Xincai, Fuli, Qi, and Lijin—killing the defending officers as he went. Honglue led his war fleet to block Gui at Wokou. Gui fell back to defend Qi. Honglue then launched the Bozhou army in a combined land and river assault. The Song troops had long feared the Bozhou army. They burned the city and fled by night. Honglue's pursuit killed nearly all of them, captured vast stores of supplies, and recovered every lost territory. After Li Tan was put to death, the court investigated everyone who had corresponded with him. Honglue's letters alone had urged loyalty to the throne, and he was cleared of suspicion. In the aftermath of Tan's rebellion the court sought to curb the power of the feudatories. Honglue was relieved of military command, assigned to guard the capital, and granted jisun court dress so he could attend imperial banquets. In the third year of Zhiyuan, during the construction of Dadu, he assisted his father as director-general of palace-city construction. In the eighth year he was appointed Grand Master of the Court and associate director of the Ministry of Works, while also commanding the palace guard, ceremonial escort, and related bureaus. When the city was completed in the thirteenth year, he received gold clasps and tortoise-shell cups from the imperial treasury and was appointed Grand Master for Fostering Integrity and Pacification Commissioner of Huaidong Circuit. In the fourteenth year the Song Prince of Guang, Bing, held Fujian and Guangdong. Donghai County had stored tens of thousands of piculs of grain. The branch secretariat ordered Honglue to garrison the county with two thousand men and to build boats to ship the grain to Huai'an. Honglue hired civilian boats, offering one picul of grain for every ten piculs transported. People rushed to take part, and the work was finished within a month. In the sixteenth year he was transferred to Pacification Commissioner of Jiangxi. When bandits rose in Raozhou and attacked Duchang, Honglue reasoned that although Raozhou lay in Jiangdong, it was separated from his jurisdiction at Nankang by only one lake. If this band were not destroyed, others in his territory would surely rise in sympathy. He sent men straight to their stronghold, captured the bandit chief alive, executed him by dismemberment in the marketplace, and the rest of the gang scattered. He issued an order: "Anyone who did not bear arms is a civilian and will not be questioned further." Soon afterward he returned to Bozhou on account of illness. A slanderer claimed that a nobleman's son had bought estates in the south, grown content there, and forgotten to return—and implicated Honglue in the charge. Some urged Honglue, "You have lived only at Bozhou and never in the south. When you appear at court you should clear your name." Honglue replied, "If I clear my name, the accuser will be punished. I would rather plead illness and stay at home." In the twenty-ninth year he met Kublai at Longhutai and said, "My son Jie has come of age. I ask that he serve in the palace guard." The emperor agreed and gave him wine, saying, "You are not yet old. Why retire from office?" He was specially appointed Associate Administrator of the Henan Branch Secretariat. He died in the second year of Yuanzhen. Posthumously he was honored as Meritorious Minister for Supporting Loyalty and Governance, Grand Master of Splendid Happiness with Silver Seal, Grand Councillor, Pillar of the State, and Duke of Cai, with the posthumous title Zhongyi (Loyal and Resolute). He had three sons: Jie, Jin, and Yan.
12
○史天倪
○ Shi Tianni
13
史天倪，字和甫，燕之永清人。 曾祖倫，少好俠，因築室發土得金，始饒於財。 金末，中原塗炭，乃建家塾，招徠學者，所藏活豪士甚眾，以俠稱於河朔。 士族陷為奴虜者，輒出金贖之。 甲子，歲大侵，發粟八萬石賑饑者，士皆爭附之。 祖成珪，倜儻有父風。 遭亂，盜賊四起，乃悉散其家財，唯存廩粟而已。 父秉直，讀書尚氣義。 癸酉，太師、國王木華黎統兵南伐，所向殘破，秉直聚族謀曰：「方今國家喪亂，吾家百口，何以自保！」 既而知降者皆得免，乃率里中老稚數千人，詣涿州軍門降。 木華黎欲用秉直，秉直辭而薦其子，乃以天倪為萬戶，而命秉直管領降人家屬，屯霸州。 秉直拊循有方，遠近聞而附者十餘萬家。 尋遷之漠北，降人道飢，秉直得所賜牛羊，悉分食之，多所全活。 甲戌，從木華黎攻北京。 乙亥，北京降，木華黎承製以烏野兒為北京路都元帥，秉直行尚書六部事，主饋餉，軍中未嘗乏絕。 庚寅，以老謝事，歸鄉里。 卒，年七十一。 三子：長天倪，次天安，次天澤。 天澤自有傳。
Shi Tianni, styled Hefu, came from Yongqing in Yan. His great-grandfather Lun was chivalrous in his youth. While building a house he unearthed gold and became the family's first wealthy man. At the end of the Jin, when the Central Plain lay in ruins, he founded a family school, gathered scholars, sheltered many bold spirits, and was famed for chivalry throughout Heshuo. Whenever gentry families fell into slavery, he paid gold to ransom them. In the jiazi year a great famine struck. He distributed eighty thousand piculs of grain to feed the hungry, and men of learning flocked to his side. His grandfather Chenggui was free-spirited and inherited his father's bold character. When chaos spread and bandits rose everywhere, he gave away his entire family fortune, keeping only the grain in the granary. His father Bingzhi was a scholar who prized loyalty and righteousness. In the guiyou year Grand Preceptor and Prince Muqali led his army south, laying waste wherever he marched. Bingzhi gathered the clan and said, "The realm is in chaos. How can our household of a hundred souls survive?" When he learned that those who surrendered were spared, he led several thousand villagers, young and old, to the gates of the army at Zhuozhou and submitted. Muqali wished to employ Bingzhi, but Bingzhi declined and recommended his son instead. Tianni was made Ten-Thousand-Household, and Bingzhi was assigned to oversee the families of the surrendered and garrison them at Bazhou. Bingzhi governed them with skill and compassion. More than a hundred thousand households from near and far came to join him. They were soon moved to the northern steppe. The surrendered people were starving. Bingzhi took the cattle and sheep granted him, distributed all of it for food, and saved countless lives. On jiaxu day he followed Muqali in the assault on the Northern Capital. On yihai day the Northern Capital surrendered. Muqali appointed Wuyeer Grand Marshal of the Northern Capital Circuit by imperial commission and assigned Bingzhi to the Six Ministries of the Secretariat to oversee supplies. The army never went wanting. On gengyin day he retired on account of age and returned home. He died at the age of seventy-one. He had three sons: the eldest was Tianni, the second Tian'an, and the third Tianze. Tianze has his own biography elsewhere in the History.
14
天倪始生之夕，白氣貫庭。 成童，姿貌魁傑。 有道士見而異之曰：「封侯相也。」 及長，好學，日誦千言。 大安末，舉進士不第，乃歎曰：「大丈夫立身，獨以文乎哉！ 使吾遇荒雞夜鳴，擁百萬之眾，功名可唾手取也。」 木華黎見而奇之。 既以萬戶統諸降卒，從木華黎略地三關已南，至於東海，所過城邑皆下。 因進言於木華黎曰：「金棄幽燕，遷都於汴，已失策矣。 遼水東西諸郡，金之腹心也。 我若得大寧以挖其喉襟，則金雖有遼陽，終不能保矣。」 木華黎善之。
On the night Tianni was born, a white vapor pierced the courtyard. As a boy he was tall and striking in appearance. A Daoist priest saw him and exclaimed, "This boy is destined for rank as a marquis or minister." When he grew up he loved learning and could recite a thousand characters a day. At the end of the Da'an era he took the jinshi examination and failed. He sighed, "Must a great man make his name through scholarship alone? If the hour of chaos should come and I commanded a million men, glory would be mine for the taking." Muqali met him and was struck by his abilities. As Ten-Thousand-Household commanding the surrendered troops, he followed Muqali in reducing the lands south of the Three Passes all the way to the Eastern Sea. Every city and town along the way fell to them. He advised Muqali, "The Jin have abandoned Youyan and moved their capital to Bian. That was already a fatal mistake. The commanderies east and west of the Liao River are the heartland of Jin. If we take Daning and seize their throat, the Jin may hold Liaoyang but will never keep it." Muqali approved the plan.
15
先，倫卒時，河朔諸郡結清樂社四十餘，社近千人，歲時像倫而祠之。 至是，天倪選其壯勇萬人為義兵，號清樂軍，以從兄天祥為先鋒，所向無敵。 分兵略三河、薊州，諸寨望風款服。 甲戌，朝太祖於燕之幄殿，所陳皆奇謀至計，大稱旨，賜金符，授馬步軍都統，管領二十四萬戶。 從木華黎攻高州，又從攻北京，皆不戰而克。 乙亥，授右副都元帥，改賜金虎符。 奉詔南征，圍平州，金經略使乞住降。 進兵真定，所屬部邑無不款附。 而真定帥武仙，固守不下，遂移軍圍大名。 眾謂城堅不可擊，天倪使攻其西南角，勁卒屢上屢卻，天倪先登，守者辟易，遂破其城。 丙子，會木華黎兵於燕南，清州監軍王守約、平州推官合達，俱以城叛，連謀越海歸金，天倪追襲至樂安，合達以益都行省忙古兵來拒，敗之，殺守約，擒忙古，斬首萬級。 丁丑，徇山東諸郡，部卒有殺民豕者，立斬以徇，軍中肅然； 遠近響應，知中山李明、趙州李瑀、邢州武貴、威州武振、磁州李平、洺州張立等，望風皆下。 己卯，從木華黎徇河東，至絳州，其團樓甃以石，牢不可破。 天倪命穴其旁，地虛，樓陷，遂拔之。 木華黎喜，賞以繡衣、金鞍、名馬。 庚辰，還軍真定，武仙降。 木華黎承製以天倪為金紫光祿大夫、河北西路兵馬都元帥，行府事； 仙副之。 天倪乃言於木華黎曰：「今中原粗定，而所過猶縱鈔掠，非王者吊民伐罪意也。 且王奉天子命，為天下除暴，豈復效其所為乎！」 王曰：「善。」 下令：敢有剽虜者，以軍法從事。
When Lun died, more than forty Qingle societies were formed across Heshuo, each numbering nearly a thousand members who made his image and sacrificed to him every year. Now Tianni selected ten thousand of their bravest men as volunteer troops, called them the Qingle Army, and made his cousin Tianxiang vanguard. They were invincible wherever they marched. He sent detachments to reduce Sanhe and Jizhou, and stockades everywhere submitted at the news of his approach. On jiaxu day he attended Taizu at the tent palace in Yan. Every plan he offered was ingenious, and the emperor was greatly pleased. He received a gold tally and was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Horse and Foot, overseeing two hundred forty thousand households. He followed Muqali in the assault on Gaozhou and again in the attack on the Northern Capital. Both cities fell without a fight. On yihai day he was appointed Right Vice Grand Marshal and given a new golden tiger tally. By imperial command he marched south, besieged Pingzhou, and the Jin military commissioner Qizhu surrendered. He advanced on Zhending, and every district and town under its jurisdiction submitted. The Zhending commander Wu Xian, however, held firm and would not yield, so Tianni shifted his army to besiege Daming. His men said the walls were too strong to assault. Tianni ordered an attack on the southwest corner. Elite troops climbed again and again only to be driven back, until Tianni himself scaled the wall first. The defenders gave way, and the city fell. On bingzi day he joined Muqali south of Yan. Wang Shouyue, military inspector of Qingzhou, and Hedda, aide of Pingzhou, both rebelled with their cities and plotted to cross the sea back to the Jin. Tianni pursued them to Le'an. Hedda brought Manggu's troops from the Yidu branch secretariat to resist, but Tianni defeated them, killed Shouyue, captured Manggu, and took ten thousand heads. On dingchou day he swept through the commanderies of Shandong. When a soldier killed a civilian's pig, Tianni had him beheaded on the spot as an example, and discipline was restored throughout the army. Commanders near and far submitted at the news: Li Ming of Zhongshan, Li Yu of Zhao, Wu Gui of Xing, Wu Zhen of Wei, Li Ping of Ci, Zhang Li of Ming, and others all surrendered without a fight. On jimao day he followed Muqali through Hedong to Jiangzhou, whose corner tower was faced with stone and seemed impregnable. Tianni ordered tunnels dug beside it. The ground gave way, the tower collapsed, and the city fell. Muqali was delighted and rewarded him with embroidered robes, a gold saddle, and fine horses. On gengchen day he returned to Zhending, and Wu Xian surrendered. Muqali appointed Tianni Grand Master of Golden Purple Glory and Grand Marshal of the Western Hebei Army by imperial commission, entrusting him with prefectural affairs; with Wu Xian as his deputy. Tianni then said to Muqali, "The Central Plain is roughly pacified, yet our troops still plunder wherever they march. That is not how a king who comes to comfort the people and punish the guilty should behave. Your Highness bears Heaven's command to rid the realm of tyranny. How can you imitate the very conduct you were sent to destroy?" The prince said, "Well said." He issued an order: anyone who plunders will be dealt with under military law.
16
辛巳，金懷州元帥王榮、潞州元帥裴守謙、澤州太守王珍皆以城降。 壬午，攻濟南水寨，破之。 癸未，徇山西，遂克三關，不浹旬，定四十餘寨。 兵至河衛，喜曰：「河衛者，夷門之限也。 河衛既破，則夷門不能守矣。」 嚴實以兵來會，請自攻河衛，天倪曰：「合達、蒲瓦，亦勍敵也。」 實曰：「易與耳，保為公破之。」 明日，實與蒲瓦兵遇於南門，合達兵自北奄至，實兵敗，竟為所執。 天倪曰：「合達以實歸汴，必以今夕。」 急命馮存、杜必貴率壯士一千三百，伏延津柳渡。 果夜縛實過延津，遇存等，與戰，敗之，實得脫歸，必貴戰死。 未幾，帝命天倪回軍真定。 甲申夏，大名總管彭義斌以宋兵犯河朔，天倪逆戰於恩州，義斌敗，入保大名。 乙酉，師還，聞武仙之黨據西山腰水、鐵壁二寨以叛，天倪直搗其巢穴，盡掩殺之。 仙怒，謀作亂，乃設宴邀天倪。 有知其謀者，止天倪毋往，天倪不從，遂為仙所殺。
On xinsi day the Jin commanders Wang Rong of Huaizhou, Pei Shouqian of Luzhou, and Wang Zhen, defender of Zezhou, all surrendered their cities. On renwu day he attacked the Jinan river stockade and captured it. On guiwei day he swept through Shanxi and took the Three Passes. In less than ten days he secured more than forty stockades. When his army reached Hewei he rejoiced and said, "Hewei is the gateway to Yimen. Once Hewei falls, Yimen cannot be held." Yan Shi arrived with troops to join him and asked to take Hewei himself. Tianni said, "Hedda and Puwa are formidable enemies as well." Shi replied, "They will be easy. I guarantee I will break them for you." The next day Shi met Puwa's troops at the south gate. Hedda's forces swept down from the north. Shi's army was defeated and he was captured. Tianni said, "Hedda will escort Shi back to Bian. It must happen tonight." He urgently ordered Feng Cun and Du Bigui to lead thirteen hundred picked warriors in ambush at Yanjin Willow Ford. That night the escort bound Shi and passed through Yanjin. They met Feng Cun's ambush, were defeated, and Shi escaped. Du Bigui died in the fighting. Soon afterward the emperor ordered Tianni to return his army to Zhending. In the summer of the jiashen year, Peng Yibin, prefect of Daming, invaded Heshuo with Song troops. Tianni met him at Enzhou, routed him, and drove him back into Daming. On yiyou day the army returned. Learning that Wu Xian's followers had rebelled and seized Yaoshui and Tiebi stockades in the Western Hills, Tianni struck their strongholds directly and slaughtered them to the last man. Wu Xian, enraged, plotted rebellion and invited Tianni to a banquet. Someone who knew the plot warned Tianni not to go. He refused to listen and was killed by Wu Xian.
17
天倪之赴真定也，秉直密戒之曰：「觀武仙之辭氣，終不為我用，宜備之。」 天倪曰：「我以赤心待人，人或相負，天必不容，願無慮。」 秉直乃攜其孫楫、權還北京。 至是，人服其先識。 先是，天倪擊鞠夜歸，有大星隕馬前，有聲，心惡之，果及禍。 天倪死時，年三十九。 妻程氏，聞亂，恐污於賊，乃自殺。 子五人，其三人尚幼，俱死於難，惟楫、權在。
When Tianni set out for Zhending, Bingzhi secretly warned him, "From Wu Xian's words and manner, he will never truly serve us. You must be on your guard." Tianni replied, "I treat others with an open heart. If anyone betrays me, Heaven itself will not allow it. Have no fear." Bingzhi then took his grandsons Ji and Quan back to the Northern Capital. At that point everyone admired his foresight. Earlier, as Tianni was returning at night from a game of cuju, a great star fell before his horse with a loud crash. He took it as an ill omen, and disaster soon followed. Tianni was thirty-nine when he died. His wife Lady Cheng, hearing of the upheaval, feared violation by the rebels and took her own life. He had five sons. Three were still young and all perished in the violence. Only Ji and Quan survived.
18
楫字大濟。 歲己亥，知中山府事。 尋遷征南行軍萬戶翼經略，徇地蘄、黃，善撫士卒，所向有功。 壬寅，天澤引楫入見太宗，奏曰：「臣兄天倪死事時，二子尚幼，臣受詔攝行府事，今楫已成人，乞解職授之。」 帝嘉歎曰：「今之爭官者多，讓官者少，卿此舉殊可嘉尚。 朕自有官與之。」 即以楫為真定兵馬都總管，佩金虎符。 辛亥，朝廷始徵包銀，楫請以銀與物折，仍減其元數，詔從之，著為令。 各道以楮幣相貿易，不得出境，二三歲輒一易，鈔本日耗，商旅不通，楫請立銀鈔相權法，人以為便。 或請運鹽按籍計口，給民以食，楫爭其不可，曰：「鹽鐵從民貿易，何可若差稅例配之。」 議遂寢。 元氏民有訴府僚於達官者，質之無實，將抵之死，楫力為營解。 達官曰：「是人陷汝輩死地，而反救之，何耶？」 楫曰：「誅之固足以懲後，未若宥之以愧其心。 況人命至重，豈宜以妄言之故，而加以極刑。」 乃杖而遣之。 中統元年，授真定路總管、同判本道宣撫司事。 真定表山帶河，連屬三十餘城，生殺進退，咸倚專決。 楫謹身率先，明政化，信賞罰，任賢良，汰貪墨，卹煢獨，民咸德之。 所舉州縣佐史有文學者三十餘人，後皆知名。 會天澤言：「兵民之柄不可並居一門，行之請自臣家始。」 楫即日解綬歸。 卒年五十九。 子炫，常德管軍總管； 煇，知孟州； 燧，同知東昌府事； 煊，潼關提舉； 煬，僉廣西按察司事。
Ji, styled Daji. In the jihai year he was put in charge of Zhongshan Prefecture. He was soon made wing commissioner of the Southern Campaign Military Ten-Thousand-Household. He reduced Qi and Huang, treated his soldiers with care, and won success wherever he campaigned. In the renyin year Tianze brought Ji to audience with Taizong and said, "When my brother Tianni died in service, his two sons were still children. I was ordered to act in his stead. Ji has now come of age, and I ask to resign and hand the post to him." The emperor praised him warmly. "Today everyone scrambles for office, but few yield it. Your conduct is truly admirable. I shall grant him an office of my own." Ji was appointed Grand Commander of the Zhending army and horse and given the golden tiger tally. In the xinhai year the court first levied the wrapped-silver tax. Ji asked that it be payable in goods as well as silver and that the base amount be reduced. The emperor approved, and the rule was written into law. Each circuit used paper notes for internal trade that could not cross circuit borders and were replaced every two or three years. The notes steadily lost value and commerce stalled. Ji proposed a system linking silver and paper notes by weight, which people welcomed as a practical reform. Some proposed distributing salt by household register to feed the people. Ji objected strongly. "Salt and iron are traded freely by the people. How can they be rationed like corvée quotas?" The proposal was dropped. A townsman of the Yuan clan accused a prefectural aide to a high official. Investigation found no substance to the charge, yet the man was about to be executed. Ji fought hard to save him. The high official said, "This man tried to send you to your deaths. Why save him?" Ji replied, "Execution would warn others, but pardon would shame him more deeply. Besides, human life is precious. How can we impose the death penalty for a false accusation?" The accuser was flogged and sent away. In the first year of Zhongtong he was appointed Prefect of Zhending Circuit and associate administrator of the circuit pacification commission. Zhending lay among mountains and rivers, linked to more than thirty cities. Life, death, promotion, and dismissal all rested on his sole authority. Ji led by personal example, clarified policy, enforced fair rewards and punishments, employed worthy men, removed the corrupt, and cared for the destitute. The people held him in deep regard. He recommended more than thirty literate prefectural and county aides, all of whom later achieved distinction. When Tianze said, "Military and civil authority must not rest in one clan. Let the reform begin with my own family," Ji surrendered his seal that same day and retired. He died at the age of fifty-nine. His son Xuan became garrison commander of Changde; Hui, administrator of Mengzhou; Sui, associate administrator of Dongchang Prefecture; Xuan, commissioner of Tongguan; and Yang, secretariat member of the Guangxi Surveillance Commission.
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權字伯衡，勇而有謀。 初，以權萬戶從天澤南征。 歲壬子，天澤以萬戶改河南經略使，乃以權代其任。 甲寅，屯軍鄧州，敗宋將高達於樊城。 己未，世祖自將伐宋，權出迎於淮西。 世祖渡江，次鄂州而憲宗崩，世祖北還，乃命權總兵鎮江北岸之武磯山。 中統元年，降詔獎諭，賜金虎符，授真定河間濱棣邢洺衛輝等州路並木烈糺軍兼屯田州城民戶沿邊鎮守諸軍總管萬戶； 其所屬千戶、萬戶，悉聽號令。 至元六年，召至闕下，問以征南之策。 對曰：「襄陽乃江陵之籓蔽，樊城乃襄陽之外郛，我軍若先攻樊城，則襄陽不能支梧，不戰自降矣。 然後駐兵嘉定，耀武淮、泗，事必有濟。」 帝善其計。 七年，宋兵侵邊，權引兵趨荊子口，大破之，帝賜白金五百兩，權悉以分勞士卒。 宋將夏貴以船萬艘載壯士，欲奪江面，權進攻，破之，帝賜以衣幣、弓矢、鞍勒。 既而轉糧於隨，貴復引兵扼我前路，權戰破之，賜白金七百兩。 制授河南等路宣撫使，未上，賜金虎符，充江漢大都督，總制軍馬，總管屯田萬戶。 會天澤言一門不可兼掌兵民之柄，乃授權鎮國上將軍、真定等路總管，兼府尹。 徙東平，又徙河間。 卒。
Quan, styled Boheng, was brave and resourceful in counsel. He first followed Tianze south as Quan Ten-Thousand-Household. In the renzi year Tianze was promoted from Ten-Thousand-Household to Henan Military Commissioner, and Quan took over his former duties. On jiayin day he garrisoned Dengzhou and defeated the Song general Gao Da at Fancheng. On jiwei day Kublai personally led the campaign against the Song, and Quan went out to welcome him west of the Huai. Kublai crossed the Yangzi and halted at Ezhou when Möngke Khan died. On his return north he left Quan in command of troops garrisoning Wuji Mountain on the northern bank. In the first year of Zhongtong an edict commended him and granted a golden tiger tally. He was appointed Grand Ten-Thousand-Household Commander over the circuits of Zhending, Hejian, Bin, Di, Xing, Ming, Weihui, and others, together with the Mielie jiu army, garrison farmers, urban households, and all frontier garrison forces; and all subordinate thousand- and ten-thousand-household commanders were placed under his orders. In the sixth year of Zhiyuan he was summoned to court and asked for his strategy on the southern campaign. He replied, "Xiangyang is the shield of Jiangling, and Fancheng is its outer defense. If we take Fancheng first, Xiangyang cannot hold and will surrender without a fight. Then station troops at Jiading and display our strength on the Huai and Si. The campaign will surely succeed." The emperor approved his plan. In the seventh year Song forces raided the frontier. Quan marched to Jingzikou and won a crushing victory. The emperor granted him five hundred taels of silver, which he distributed entirely among his troops. The Song general Xia Gui brought ten thousand ships loaded with picked warriors to seize the river. Quan attacked and defeated him. The emperor rewarded him with robes, silks, bows, arrows, and saddlery. While transporting grain at Sui, Gui again blocked the route ahead. Quan defeated him in battle and received seven hundred taels of silver. He was appointed Pacification Commissioner of Henan and other circuits. Before taking office he received a golden tiger tally and was made Grand Governor of the Jiang and Han, overall controller of armies, and Grand Ten-Thousand-Household of garrison farms. When Tianze argued that one clan must not hold both military and civil power, Quan was appointed State-Securing General-in-Chief, Prefect of Zhending and other circuits, and concurrently Prefect of the prefectural seat. He was transferred to Dongping and later to Hejian. He died.
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樞字子明。 父天安，字全甫，秉直仲子也。 歲癸酉，從秉直降。 太師木華黎以其兄天倪為萬戶，而質天安軍中。 丁丑，從討錦州叛人張致，平之。 己卯，從略地關右，生擒鄜州驍將張資祿號張鐵槍者。 乙酉，武仙殺天倪於真定，天安率眾來會天澤，並力攻仙，敗走之。 以功授行北京元帥府事，撫治真定。 庚寅，宋聚兵邢之西山，聲言為仙援，遣其徒趙和行間城中，誣倅副李甲、劉清嘗輸款為內應。 守將械兩人送府，大帥趣命戮之，天安揣知其詐，請自鞫之，果得其情，遂斬和以徇。 壬辰，從伐金。 師還，討劇盜梁滿、蘇杰等，悉平之。 甲午，宣權真定等路萬戶，賜金符。 丙午，入覲，賜黃金五十兩、白狐裘一、牝馬百。 乙卯卒。
Shu, styled Ziming. His father Tian'an, styled Quanfu, was the second son of Bingzhi. In the guiyou year he followed Bingzhi in surrendering to the Mongols. Grand Preceptor Muqali made his elder brother Tianni Ten-Thousand-Household and kept Tian'an as a hostage in the army. On dingchou day he joined the campaign against the Jinzhou rebel Zhang Zhi and pacified the region. On jimao day he campaigned west of the passes and captured alive Zhang Zilu of Fuzhou, known as Zhang Iron Spear. On yiyou day Wu Xian murdered Tianni at Zhending. Tian'an rallied his men to join Tianze, and together they attacked Wu Xian and drove him off. For his service he was appointed to the Northern Capital marshal's headquarters and entrusted with governing Zhending. On gengyin day the Song massed troops on the western hills of Xing, claiming to aid Wu Xian. They sent an agent named Zhao He to infiltrate the city and accuse the deputies Li Jia and Liu Qing of having secretly offered to collaborate. The defending general arrested the two men and sent them to headquarters. The grand marshal ordered their immediate execution. Tian'an sensed a trick, asked to interrogate them himself, uncovered the plot, and executed Zhao He as a warning. On renchen day he joined the campaign against Jin. After the army returned he suppressed the fierce bandits Liang Man, Su Jie, and others and pacified them all. On jiawu day he was confirmed as Quan Ten-Thousand-Household of Zhending and other circuits and granted a gold tally. On bingwu day he attended court and received fifty taels of gold, one white fox-fur coat, and a hundred brood mares. He died in the yimao year.
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樞年二十餘，以勳臣子知中山府，有治績。 甲寅，初籍新軍，天澤以長兄二子各有官位，而仲兄之子未仕，乃奏樞為徵行萬戶，配以真定、彰德、衛州、懷孟新軍，戍唐、鄧。 乙卯，敗宋舟師於漢水之鴛鴦灘，賜金虎符。 戊午，憲宗伐宋，入自蜀，從天澤詣行在，朝帝於大散關。 帝勞之曰：「卿久鎮東方，茲复遠來，勤亦至矣。」 樞對曰：「臣之祖、父，受國厚恩，今陛下親禦六師，暴露萬里之外，臣獨不能出死力，以報萬分之一邪！」 帝壯其言，命為前鋒。 宋立劍州，僑治於苦竹崖，前阻絕澗，深數百尺，恃險而不備，帝使樞偵之。 樞率健卒數十，縋而下，得其所以致師處以聞，帝趣樞急取之，宋人懼，乃降。 翼日，大宴，帝顧皇后，命飲樞酒，且諭新附渠帥曰：「我國家自開創以來，未有皇后賜臣下酒者，特以樞父子世篤忠貞，故寵以殊禮。 有能盡瘁事國者，禮亦如之。」 己未，從天澤擊敗宋將呂文德於嘉陵江，追至重慶而還，賜黃金五十兩、白金二百兩、錦一匹。 世祖即位，改賜金虎符。 中統二年，從天澤扈駕北征。 三年，李璮叛據濟南，復從天澤往討之。 城西南有大澗，亙歷山，樞一軍獨當其險，夾澗而城，豎木柵於澗中。 淫雨暴漲，木柵盡壞，樞曰：「賊乘吾隙，俟夜必出。」 命作葦炬數百置城上。 逮三鼓，賊果至，飛炬擲之，風怒火烈，弓弩齊發，賊眾大潰，自相蹂躪，死者不可勝計。 未幾，璮就擒。 至元四年，宋兵圍開、達諸州，以樞為左壁總帥，佩虎符，凡河南、山東、懷孟、平陽、太原、京兆、延安等軍悉統之，宋兵聞之，解去。 六年，高麗人金通精據珍島以叛，討之，歲餘不下。 七年，進樞昭勇大將軍、鳳州經略使。 樞至，謂諸將佐曰：「賊勢方張，未易力勝，況炎暑海氣蒸鬱，弓力馳弱，猝不可用。 宜分軍為三，多張旗幟以疑之。 吾與諸君潛師搗其巢穴，破之必矣。 「與戰，大破之，其地悉平。 十二年，復以萬戶從丞相伯顏伐宋，賜錦衣一、寶鞍一、弓一、矢百、甲十注、馬十二匹，仍給天澤帳下士十人以從。 宋平，署安吉州安撫使。 時新附之初，民所在依險阻自保，樞以威信招懷之，復業為民者以千萬計。 十四年，移疾還。 十九年，起為東京路總管，辭不赴。 二十三年，拜中奉大夫、山東東西道宣慰使，治濟南，後又治益都。 二十四年，卒，年六十七。 子煥，昭勇大將軍、後衛親軍都指揮使，佩金虎符； 煇，奉訓大夫、秘書少監。
In his twenties Shu, as the son of a meritorious minister, governed Zhongshan Prefecture with notable success. On jiayin day, when new armies were first registered, Tianze noted that the eldest brother's two sons already held office while the middle brother's son did not. He recommended Shu as Campaigning Ten-Thousand-Household with new armies from Zhending, Zhangde, Weizhou, and Huaimeng to garrison Tang and Deng. On yimao day he defeated a Song fleet at Mandarin Duck Beach on the Han River and received a golden tiger tally. On wuwu day Möngke Khan campaigned against the Song through Shu. Shu followed Tianze to the imperial camp and attended the emperor at Dasan Pass. The emperor welcomed him, saying, "You have long guarded the east. To come so far again shows exceptional devotion." Shu replied, "My grandfather and father received the state's deepest favors. Now Your Majesty leads the armies in person, ten thousand li from home. How can I fail to give my life in return, even for the smallest fraction of that debt?" The emperor was moved by his words and made him vanguard commander. The Song had established Jianzhou with a refugee government at Kuzhu Cliff, fronted by a ravine hundreds of feet deep. Trusting the terrain, they were unprepared. The emperor sent Shu to scout the position. Shu led several dozen picked men down the cliff on ropes, found the route by which troops could be brought up, and reported back. The emperor ordered him to take the position at once. The Song, terrified, surrendered. The next day at a great banquet the emperor turned to the empress and had her offer Shu wine. He told the newly submitted chieftains, "Since the founding of our state no empress has ever offered wine to a subject. The Shu family has been loyal for generations, and so they are honored with this exceptional rite. Whoever serves the state with equal devotion shall receive the same honor." On jiwei day he followed Tianze in defeating the Song general Lü Wende on the Jialing River and pursued as far as Chongqing before returning. He received fifty taels of gold, two hundred taels of silver, and one length of brocade. When Kublai ascended the throne he received a new golden tiger tally. In the second year of Zhongtong he accompanied Tianze on the emperor's northern campaign. In the third year Li Tan rebelled and seized Jinan. Shu again followed Tianze to suppress him. Southwest of the city a great ravine ran through the hills. Shu's army alone held the dangerous ground, built a camp on both sides of the ravine, and set wooden palisades in the streambed. Heavy rains swelled the stream and destroyed the palisades. Shu said, "The rebels will exploit our weakness. They will attack tonight." He ordered several hundred reed torches prepared and placed along the walls. At the third watch the rebels came as he had foreseen. His men hurled the torches down. Wind fanned the flames, and bows and crossbows fired together. The rebel army broke in panic, trampling one another to death in numbers beyond count. Soon afterward Li Tan was captured. In the fourth year of Zhiyuan Song forces besieged Kai, Da, and other prefectures. Shu was made Left Wing Commander-in-Chief with the tiger tally, commanding all armies of Henan, Shandong, Huaimeng, Pingyang, Taiyuan, Jingzhao, Yan'an, and other regions. At the news the Song forces withdrew. In the sixth year the Korean Jin Tongjing rebelled and seized Zhen Island. The campaign against him lasted more than a year without success. In the seventh year Shu was promoted to Grand General of Manifest Valor and Military Commissioner of Fengzhou. When Shu arrived he told his officers, "The rebels are at the height of their power and cannot be beaten by force alone. The summer heat and humid sea air have weakened our bows—they are not fit for a hasty assault. Divide the army into three detachments and display many banners to confuse them. You and I will strike their stronghold by surprise. Victory is certain. They fought and won a crushing victory. The entire region was pacified. In the twelfth year he again followed Chancellor Bayan against the Song as Ten-Thousand-Household. He received a brocade robe, a precious saddle, a bow, a hundred arrows, ten suits of armor, twelve horses, and ten men from Tianze's staff to accompany him. After the Song surrender he was appointed Pacification Commissioner of Anji Prefecture. In the first days after submission the people everywhere held to mountain strongholds for protection. Shu won them over with his reputation and trust, and tens of millions returned to civilian life. In the fourteenth year he returned home on account of illness. In the nineteenth year he was recalled as Prefect of the Eastern Capital Circuit but declined the appointment. In the twenty-third year he was appointed Grand Master for Fostering Integrity and Pacification Commissioner of the Eastern and Western Shandong Circuits, first governing Jinan and later Yidu. He died in the twenty-fourth year at the age of sixty-seven. His son Huan became Grand General of Manifest Valor and Commander of the Rear Guard Palace Army, bearing the golden tiger tally; and Hui, Grand Master for Fostering Instruction and Vice Director of the Secretariat.
22
○史天祥
○ Shi Tianxiang
23
史天祥，父懷德，尚書秉直之弟也。 歲癸酉，太師、國王木華黎從太祖伐金，天祥隨秉直迎降於涿。 木華黎命懷德就領其黑軍隸帳下，署天祥都鎮撫，選降卒長身武勇者二百人，使領之。 招徠丁壯，得眾萬餘，從取霸州、文安、大城、滄濱、長山等二十餘城，東下淄、沂、密三州，所至皆先登，詔賜以銀符。 從大軍攻燕，不克。 甲戌，略地高州，拔惠和、金源、和眾、龍山、利、建、富庶等十五城，惟大寧固守不下。 天祥獲金將完顏胡速，木華黎欲殺之，天祥曰：「殺一人無損於敵，適驅天下之人為吾敵也。 且其降時嘗許以不死，今殺之，無以取信於後，不若從而用之。」 乃以為千戶。 復合眾攻其城，懷德先登，擒其二將，為流矢所中，歿於軍。 乃以所統黑軍命天祥領之。
Shi Tianxiang's father Huaide was the younger brother of Secretariat Member Bingzhi. In the guiyou year Grand Preceptor and Prince Muqali followed Taizu in the campaign against Jin. Tianxiang accompanied Bingzhi in submitting at Zhuo. Muqali placed Huaide in command of the Black Army under his headquarters and appointed Tianxiang Chief Pacification Commissioner. He selected two hundred tall, brave surrendered soldiers for Tianxiang to command. He recruited able-bodied men until his force exceeded ten thousand. He helped capture more than twenty cities including Bazhou, Wen'an, Dacheng, Cangbin, and Changshan, then marched east to reduce Zi, Yi, and Mi. He was always first over the wall. The court granted him a silver tally. He joined the main army in the assault on Yan but failed to capture it. On jiaxu day he campaigned in Gaozhou and took fifteen cities including Huihe, Jinyuan, Hezhong, Longshan, Li, Jian, and Fushu. Only Daning held out. Tianxiang captured the Jin general Wanyan Husu. Muqali wished to execute him, but Tianxiang said, "Killing one man does nothing to harm the enemy. It only turns all under Heaven against us. Besides, we promised him his life when he surrendered. To kill him now would destroy our credibility. Better to accept him and put him to use." Husu was made Thousand-Household. They attacked the city again. Huaide scaled the wall first and captured two enemy generals, but a stray arrow struck him and he died in the field. Command of the Black Army then passed to Tianxiang.
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天祥憤痛其父之死，攻之愈急。 乙亥，與大帥烏野兒降其北京留守銀答忽、同知烏古倫。 進攻北京傍近諸寨，磨雲山王都統首詣軍門降，天祥命入列崖，擒都統不剌，釋其縛，仍曉以大義，不剌感泣，願效死。 天祥察其誠，許與王都統往說降城子崖王家奴，乃命三人各將舊卒，付空名告身，使諭樓子崖等二十餘寨，悉降，得老幼數万、勝兵八千。 西乾河答魯、五指山楊趙奴獨固守不下，天祥擊之，大小百餘戰，趙奴死，答魯敗走，得戶二萬。 授西山總帥兵馬。 興州節度使趙守玉反，天祥與烏野兒分道討平之。 答魯复聚眾攻龍山，以槊刺烏野兒中胸，隨墮馬，天祥馳救得免，复整陣出戰，大敗之，斬首八千級，答魯戰死。 進克中興府。 張致盜據錦州，從木華黎討平之。 會契丹漢軍擒關肅，復利州，殺劉祿於銀治，斬首五十級，尖山、香爐、紅螺、塔山、大蟲、駱駝、團崖諸寨悉平，虜生口萬餘，得錦州舊將杜節，並黑軍五百人，即命統之。
Grieving his father's death, Tianxiang pressed the assault with redoubled fury. On yihai day he and Grand Marshal Wuyeer accepted the surrender of the Northern Capital Garrison Commander Yindahu and Vice Administrator Wugulun. He attacked the stockades near the Northern Capital. Commander Wang of Moyun Mountain was the first to surrender at the gates. Tianxiang sent men into Lieya Cliff, captured Commander Bula, released him, and explained the larger cause. Bula wept and pledged his life to the cause. Seeing Bula's sincerity, Tianxiang allowed him and Commander Wang to persuade Wang Jianu at Chengziya to surrender. He sent the three men with their old troops and blank appointment documents to announce terms to Louziya and more than twenty stockades. All submitted, yielding tens of thousands of civilians and eight thousand fighting men. Dalu of Xiganhe and Yang Zhaonu of Wuzhishan alone held out. Tianxiang fought them in more than a hundred engagements. Zhaonu was killed, Dalu fled in defeat, and twenty thousand households were secured. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Western Hills armies. Zhao Shouyu, Military Commissioner of Xingzhou, rebelled. Tianxiang and Wuyeer suppressed him by separate routes. Dalu rallied his forces again and attacked Longshan, spearing Wuyeer in the chest and knocking him from his horse. Tianxiang galloped to his rescue. Reforming the lines, they fought again and won a crushing victory, taking eight thousand heads. Dalu died in the battle. He advanced and captured Zhongxing Prefecture. The bandit Zhang Zhi seized Jinzhou. Tianxiang followed Muqali in suppressing him. When Khitan and Han forces captured Guan Su and recovered Lizhou, Liu Lu was killed at Yinzhi and fifty heads were taken. Stockades at Jianshan, Xianglu, Hongluo, Tashan, Dachong, Luotuo, Tuanya, and elsewhere were all pacified. More than ten thousand captives were taken. The former Jinzhou general Du Jie and five hundred Black Army troops were placed under Tianxiang's command.
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丙子春，覲太祖於魚兒濼，賜金符，授提控元帥。 拔蓋、金、蘇、復等州，獲金完顏奴、耶律神都馬，遷鎮國上將軍、利州節度使、所部降民都總官、監軍兵馬元帥。 丁丑夏，山賊祁和尚據武平，討平之。 縛金將巢元帥。 又滅重兒盜眾萬人於興州之車河。 己卯，權兵馬都元帥，蒙古、漢軍、黑軍並聽節制。 下河東、平陽、河中、岢嵐、絳、石、隰、吉、廓等八十餘城。 庚辰，至真定，木華黎使天祥攻城，天祥因請曰：「攻之恐戮及無辜，不如先往諭之。 苟其不從，加兵未晚。」 木華黎許之。 天祥往見守將武仙，諭以禍福，仙悟，乃降。 吾也而請留天祥守真定，木華黎曰：「天下未定，智勇士可離左右乎？ 吾將別處之。」 乃以秉直之子天倪為河北西路兵馬都元帥，鎮真定； 以天祥為左副都元帥，餘如故，引兵南屯邢西遙水山下。 仙兄貴以萬人壁於山上，負固不下，天祥攜完顏胡速及黑軍百人，由鳥道扳援而上，盡掩捕之。 仙驚曰：「公若有羽翼者，不然，何其能也！」 遂下邢、磁、相三州。 從戰黃龍岡，破單、勝、兗三州。 木華黎圍東平，久不下，怒吾也而不盡力，將手斬之，天祥請代攻。 木華黎喜，付皮甲一，又與己鐵鎧並被之。 鏖戰不已，木華黎使人止之曰：「爾力竭矣，宜少休。」 復以金鞍名馬與之。 辛巳，從取綏德、鄜、坊等五十餘城。 壬午，木華黎攻青龍、金勝諸堡，花帽軍堅守不下，既破，欲屠之，天祥力諫而止，獲壯士五千人。
In the spring of the bingzi year he attended Taizu at Yueripo, received a gold tally, and was appointed Control Marshal. He captured the prefectures of Gai, Jin, Su, Fu, and others, and took the Jin generals Wanyan Nu and Yelü Shenduma. He was promoted to State-Securing General-in-Chief, Military Commissioner of Lizhou, Chief Overseer of the surrendered people under his command, and Overseer Marshal of armies. In the summer of the dingchou year the mountain bandit Qi Heshang seized Wuping. Tianxiang suppressed him. He captured the Jin general Chao Yuanshuai. He also destroyed the ten-thousand-strong band of Chong'er at Chehe in Xingzhou. On jimao day he was made Acting Grand Marshal of army and horse, with Mongol, Han, and Black armies all under his command. He reduced more than eighty cities in Hedong, Pingyang, Hezhong, Kelan, Jiang, Shi, Xi, Ji, Kuo, and other regions. On gengchen day he reached Zhending. Muqali ordered him to assault the city, but Tianxiang asked, "An assault may kill innocents. Let me go first and explain the terms. If they refuse, we can still attack afterward." Muqali agreed. Tianxiang went to see the defender Wu Xian, explained the consequences of resistance and submission, and Xian surrendered. Uyghur asked to leave Tianxiang to guard Zhending. Muqali replied, "The realm is not yet settled. Can I keep a wise and brave man at my side? I shall place him elsewhere." Bingzhi's son Tianni was made Grand Marshal of the Western Hebei army and horse and stationed at Zhending; Tianxiang was made Left Vice Grand Marshal with his other duties unchanged, and led troops south to camp below Yaoshui Mountain west of Xing. Xian's elder brother Gui fortified the mountain with ten thousand men and refused to yield. Tianxiang took Wanyan Husu and a hundred Black Army men up a narrow path hand over hand and captured them all. Xian exclaimed in alarm, "You must have wings, sir—how else could you have done this!" He then reduced the three prefectures of Xing, Ci, and Xiang. He fought at Huanglong Ridge and captured the prefectures of Shan, Sheng, and Yan. Muqali besieged Dongping for a long time without success. Enraged that Uyghur was not trying hard enough, he was about to behead him personally. Tianxiang asked to take over the assault. Muqali was delighted, gave him a leather coat of armor, and placed his own iron armor on him as well. The fierce fighting continued without pause. Muqali sent word to stop him: "Your strength is spent. Rest awhile." He also gave him a gold saddle and a fine horse. On xinsi day he helped capture Guide, Fu, Fang, and more than fifty other cities. On renwu day Muqali attacked the forts of Qinglong and Jinsheng. The Flower-Cap Army held firm. After they fell, Muqali wished to slaughter the defenders. Tianxiang protested strongly and stopped him, securing five thousand stalwart warriors instead.
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天祥幼有大志，長身駢脅，力絕人，性不嗜酒，喜稼穡，好施予。 乙未括戶，縱其奴千餘口，俾為民。 晚雖喪明，憂國愛民之心，未嘗忘也。
From youth Tianxiang harbored great ambition. He was tall and powerfully built, with strength beyond ordinary men. He did not drink, loved farming, and was generous in giving. During the yiwei household registration he freed more than a thousand of his slaves and made them civilians. Though he lost his sight in later years, he never forgot his concern for the state and love for the people.
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子彬，江東提刑按察副使； 槐，襲霸州御衣局人匠都達魯花赤。
His son Bin was Vice Surveillance Commissioner of Jiangdong; and Huai succeeded as Darughachi of the Bazhou Imperial Wardrobe Bureau Artisans.