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張立道
Zhang Lidao
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張立道，字顯卿。 其先陳留人，後徙大名。 父善，登金進土第。 歲壬辰，國兵下河南，善以策幹太第拖雷，命為必阇赤。 立道年十七，以父任備宿衛。 世祖即位，立道從北征，未嘗去左右。 至元四年，命立道使西夏，給所部軍儲，以乾敏稱。 皇子忽哥赤封雲南王，往鎮其地，詔以立道為王府文學。 立道勸王務農以厚民，即署立道大理等處勸農官，兼領屯田事，佩銀符。 尋與侍郎寧端甫使安南，定歲貢之禮。 雲南三十七部都元帥寶合丁專制歲久，有竊據之志，忌忽哥赤來為王，設宴置毒酒中，且賂王相府官無洩其事。 立道聞之，趨入見，守門者拒之，立道怒與爭。 王聞其聲，使人召立道，乃得入，為王言之。 王引其手，使探口中，肉已腐矣。 是夕，王薨。 寶合丁遂據王座，使人諷王妃索王印。 立道潛結義士，得十三人，約共討賊，刺臂血和金屑飲之，推一人走京師告變。 事頗露，寶合丁乃囚立道，將殺之。 人匠提舉張忠者，燕人也，於立道為族兄，結壯士夜劫諸獄，出之，共亡至土蕃界，遇帝所遣御史大夫博羅歡、王傅別怗與告變人俱來。 二人者遂與立道俱還，按寶合丁及王府官嘗受賂者，皆伏誅。 有旨召立道等入朝，問王薨時狀。 帝聞立道言，泣數行下，歔欷久之，曰：「汝等為我家事甚勞苦，今欲事朕乎，事太子乎，事安西王乎？ 惟妝意所向。」 立道等奏願留事陛下，於是賜立道金五十兩，以旌其忠，張忠等亦皆授官有差。
Zhang Lidao, whose courtesy name was Xianqing. His family originally came from Chenliu and later relocated to Daming. His father Shan had passed the Jin dynasty jinshi examination. In the renchen year, when the imperial armies swept into Henan, Shan offered his counsel to Prince Tolui and was appointed a bituxi. At seventeen, Lidao entered palace service on his father's recommendation. After Kublai's accession, Lidao accompanied the northern campaign and never left his side. In Zhiyuan 4 he was sent to Xixia to provision the troops under his command and won a reputation for efficiency and resourcefulness. When Prince Huguqi was enfeoffed as Prince of Yunnan and went to take up his post, Lidao was appointed literary officer of the princely household. Lidao urged the prince to promote farming to enrich the people. He was then appointed agriculture officer for Dali and neighboring districts, put in charge of garrison farming as well, and given a silver tally. He soon went with Vice Minister Ning Duanfu to Annam as envoy and established the rules for the annual tribute. Boheding, the commander-in-chief of Yunnan's thirty-seven divisions, had ruled alone for years and coveted power for himself. He resented Huguqi's arrival as prince, poisoned the wine at a banquet, and bribed the prince's chancellery officials to keep quiet. When Lidao heard of it he rushed in to warn the prince, but the gatekeepers turned him away and he argued with them in anger. The prince heard the commotion and sent for him. Lidao was admitted and told the prince what was happening. The prince took his hand and had him feel inside his mouth—the flesh was already rotting. That night the prince died. Boheding then took the prince's seat and sent someone to press the princess consort for the princely seal. Lidao secretly gathered thirteen loyal men, swore an oath to punish the traitor by mixing arm-blood with gold dust and drinking it together, and sent one of them to the capital to report the crisis. When the plot began to leak out, Boheding imprisoned Lidao and prepared to execute him. Zhang Zhong of Yan, superintendent of artisans and Lidao's elder clansman, rallied strong men and raided the prisons by night to free him. They fled together to the Tibetan frontier, where they met Grand Censor Boluohuan and Prince's Tutor Biezhe, sent by the emperor, along with the man who had reported the crisis. The two officials returned with Lidao, tried Boheding and the bribed princely-house officials, and had them all executed. An edict summoned Lidao and his companions to court to report on the prince's death. When the emperor heard Lidao's account, tears streamed down his face and he sighed for a long while. "You have borne great hardship for my house," he said. "Will you serve me, the crown prince, or the Prince of Anxi? Go wherever your hearts lead you." Lidao and the others asked to remain in the emperor's service. The emperor then gave Lidao fifty taels of gold to honor his loyalty, and Zhang Zhong and the others received appointments of varying rank.
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八年，復使安南，宣建國號詔。 立道並黑水，跨雲南，以至其國，歲貢之禮遂定。 十年三月，領大司農事，中書以立道熟於雲南，奏授大理等處巡行勸農使，佩金符。 其地有昆明池，介碧雞、金馬之間，環五百餘里，夏潦暴至，必冒城郭。 立道求泉源所自出，役丁夫二千人治之，洩其水，得壞地萬餘頃，皆為良田。 爨、僰之人雖知蠶桑，而未得其法，立道始教之飼養，收利十倍於舊，雲南之人由是益富庶。 羅羅諸山蠻慕之，相率來降，收其地悉為郡縣。 十五年，除中慶路總管，佩虎符。 先是雲南未知尊孔子，祀王逸少為先師。 立道首建孔子廟，置學舍，勸士人子弟以學，擇蜀士之賢者，迎以為弟子師，歲時率諸生行釋菜禮，人習禮讓，風俗稍變矣。 行省平章賽典赤表言於朝，有旨進官以褒之。
In the eighth year he was again sent to Annam to proclaim the edict establishing the dynastic name. Lidao traveled through Heishui and across Yunnan to reach Annam, and the annual tribute arrangements were settled. In the third month of the tenth year he took charge of the Grand Secretariat of Agriculture. Because he knew Yunnan well, the Central Secretariat had him appointed touring agriculture commissioner for Dali and neighboring districts, with a gold tally. The region had Lake Kunming, lying between Biji and Jinma and spanning more than five hundred li. Every summer sudden floods would swamp the walled towns. Lidao traced the springs to their source, put two thousand laborers to work on them, and drained the water off. More than ten thousand qing of flooded land became fertile fields. The Cuan and Bo peoples knew sericulture in a rough way but not the proper methods. Lidao taught them how to raise silkworms, and yields rose tenfold. Yunnan grew noticeably wealthier as a result. Luoluo and other mountain tribes admired his work and submitted in groups. Their territories were organized into prefectures and counties. In the fifteenth year he was made director-general of Zhongqing Route and given a tiger tally. Until then Yunnan had not honored Confucius and instead venerated Wang Xizhi as the founding teacher. Lidao built the first Confucius temple, set up schools, and urged gentry sons to study. He brought worthy scholars from Shu to serve as teachers, led the students in seasonal libation rites, and gradually changed local customs toward courtesy and decorum. Regional Secretary Sayid Ajall memorialized the court on his behalf, and an edict promoted him in recognition of his service.
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十七年，入朝，力請於帝以雲南王子也先帖木兒襲王爵，帝從之。 遂命立道為臨安廣西道宣撫使，兼管軍招討使，仍佩虎符，陛辭，賜以弓矢、衣服、鞍馬。 始赴任，會禾泥路大首領必思反，扇動諸蠻夷。 及發兵討之，拔其城邑，鼓行而前，徇金齒甸七十城，越麻甸，抵可蒲，皆下之。 有遺以馴象、金鳳異物者，悉獻諸朝。 二十二年，又籍兩江儂士貴、岑從毅、李維屏所部戶二十五萬有奇，以其籍歸有司。 遷臨安廣西道軍民宣撫使。 复創廟學於建水路，書清白之訓於公廨，以警貪墨，風化大行。 入朝，值權臣用事，遂退居散地。 條陳十二策，皆切當之務，帝嘉納焉。
In the seventeenth year he went to court and strongly urged that the Yunnan prince's son Yesün Temür inherit the title. The emperor agreed. Lidao was then appointed pacification commissioner of Lin'an-Guangxi Circuit and commander of punitive forces, again with a tiger tally. At his farewell audience the emperor gave him bows, arrows, robes, and horses. As he was setting out for his post, the great chief Bisi of Hemi Route rebelled and stirred up the tribal peoples. He marched against them, took their walled towns, and advanced with drums beating. He subdued seventy cities in Jinchi district, crossed Madian, reached Kebu, and took them all. Tame elephants, golden phoenixes, and other rare gifts he received were all sent to court as tribute. In the twenty-second year he registered more than 250,000 households under Nong Shigui, Cen Congyi, and Li Weiping of the Two Rivers and turned the registers over to the civil authorities. He was promoted to pacification commissioner for military and civilian affairs in Lin'an-Guangxi Circuit. He founded more temple schools on Jianshui Route and posted admonitions on integrity in government offices to warn against corruption. Public morals improved markedly. When he went to court, powerful ministers were in control, so he withdrew to an honorary post. He submitted twelve policy proposals on urgent matters, and the emperor praised and adopted them.
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二十七年，北京地陷，人民震驚，命立道為本路總管。 未行，安南世子陳日燇遣其臣嚴仲維、陳子良等詣京師告襲爵。 先是，其國主陳日烜累召不至，權遣其族父遺愛入貢，朝廷因封為安南王。 遺愛還，日烜陰害之。 遣使問罪，日烜拒使者不受命，遂遣將討之，失利而還。 帝怒，欲再發兵，丞相完澤、平章不忽木言：「蠻夷小邦，不足以勞中國。 張立道嘗再使安南有功，今復使往，宜無不奉命。」 帝招至香殿，諭之曰：「小國不恭，今遣汝往諭朕意，宜盡乃心。」 立道對曰：「君父之命，雖蹈水火不敢辭，臣愚恐不足專任，乞重臣一人與俱，臣為之副。」 帝曰：「卿朕腹心臣，使一人居卿上，必敗卿謀。」 遂授禮部尚書，佩三珠虎符，賜衣段、金鞍、弓矢以行。 至安南界，謂郊勞者曰：「語爾世子，當出郭迎詔。」 日燇乃率其屬，焚香伏謁道左。 既抵府，日燇拜跪，聽詔如禮。 立道傳上命，數其罪，為書曉之。 日燇曰：「比三世辱公使，公大國之卿，小國之師也，何以教我？」 立道曰：「昔鎮南王奉詞致討，汝非能勝之也，由其不用嚮導，率眾深入，不見一人，遲疑而還，曾未出險，風雨驟至，弓矢盡壞，眾不戰而自潰，天子亦既知之。 汝所恃者，山海之險、瘴癘之惡耳。 且雲南與嶺南之人，習俗同，技力等，今發而用之，繼以北方之勁卒，汝復能抗哉？ 汝戰不利，不過遁入海中，島夷乘釁，必來寇抄汝，汝食少不能支，必為彼屈，汝為其臣，孰若為天子臣乎？ 今海上諸夷，歲貢於汝者，亦畏我大國之爾與也。 聖天子有德於汝甚厚。 前年之師，殊非上意，邊將讒汝爾。 汝曾不悟，不能遣一介之使，謝罪請命，輒稱兵抗拒，逐我使人，以怒我大國之師，今禍且至矣，惟世子計之。」 日燇拜，且泣涕而言曰：「公之言良是也，為我計者，皆不知出此。 前日之戰，救死而已，寧不知懼！ 天子使公來，必能活我。」 北面再拜，誓死不敢忘天子之德。 遂迎立道入，出奇寶為賄，立道一無所受，但要日燇入朝。 日燇曰：「貪生畏死，人之常情，誠有詔貸以不死，臣將何辭。」 乃先遣其臣阮代之、何惟岩等隨立道上表謝罪，修歲貢之禮如初，且言所以願朝之意。 廷臣有害其功者，以為必先朝而後赦。 日燇懼，卒不敢至，議者惜之。
In the twenty-seventh year the ground in Dadu collapsed and frightened the populace. Lidao was appointed director-general of the route. Before he could take up the post, the Annamese heir Chen Rizhuan sent ministers Yan Zhongwei and Chen Ziliang to court to announce his succession. Earlier the ruler Chen Rixuan had ignored repeated summonses to court. He sent his clansman Yi'ai to offer tribute instead, and the court enfeoffed Yi'ai as King of Annam. When Yi'ai returned, Rixuan had him killed in secret. The court sent an envoy to demand an accounting, but Rixuan refused to obey. A punitive force was sent and returned in defeat. The emperor was furious and wanted to send troops again. Chancellor Wanze and Grand Councillor Buqum said, "A petty frontier state is not worth mobilizing the empire for. Zhang Lidao has been to Annam twice with success. Send him again and they will surely obey." The emperor summoned him to the Fragrant Hall and said, "That small state has been disrespectful. I am sending you to convey my will. Give the mission your full devotion." Lidao replied, "A command from my sovereign is not to be refused even at the cost of my life. But I fear I am not equal to the task alone. I beg that a senior minister go with me while I serve as his deputy." The emperor said, "You are my trusted inner minister. If I put someone over you, he will ruin your plan." He was appointed Minister of Rites, given a three-pearl tiger tally, and sent off with silks, a gold saddle, bow, and arrows. At the Annam border he told the welcoming party, "Tell your heir he must come outside the walls to receive the imperial edict." Rizhuan then led his followers out, burned incense, and prostrated themselves by the roadside. At the capital Rizhuan bowed and knelt and received the edict with full ceremony. Lidao conveyed the imperial command, listed their offenses, and wrote a letter explaining the court's position. Rizhuan said, "For three generations we have mistreated your envoys. You are a minister of a great power and the teacher of a small one—what can you teach me?" Lidao said, "When the Prince of Zhennan came to punish you, you did not defeat him. He marched deep without guides, saw no enemy, hesitated, and turned back. Before he had even cleared the danger zone, wind and rain struck, his bows and arrows failed, and his army collapsed without a fight. The Son of Heaven knows this already. All you rely on are mountain barriers, sea routes, and malarial country—that is all. The peoples of Yunnan and Lingnan share your customs and match your fighting strength. Deploy them now, follow with northern veterans—could you still resist? If you lose, you can only flee to the sea. Island peoples will seize the chance to raid you. With little food you cannot hold out and will submit to them. Is it not better to be the Son of Heaven's subject than theirs? Even the island peoples who pay you annual tribute fear the power of our great state. The sage Son of Heaven has shown you great forbearance. The campaign two years ago was not the court's true intent. Frontier generals slandered you—that is all. You never understood. You sent no envoy to confess guilt and beg mercy, but raised arms, drove away our envoys, and provoked the armies of our great state. Disaster is near. Let the heir consider that." Rizhuan bowed and said through tears, "You speak the truth. None of my advisers ever told me this. We fought the other day only to save our lives. Of course we were afraid! The Son of Heaven sent you—you can surely spare my life." He bowed toward the north twice and swore never to forget the Son of Heaven's grace." He welcomed Lidao inside and offered rare treasures as gifts, but Lidao refused them all and required only that Rizhuan come to court. Rizhuan said, "Clinging to life and fearing death are human nature. If there were truly an edict sparing my life, how could I refuse?" He first sent ministers Ruan Daizhi and He Weiyan with Lidao to submit a memorial of confession, restored the annual tribute as before, and explained his wish to attend court. Some court ministers, jealous of his success, insisted that Rizhuan must come to court before any pardon could be granted. Rizhuan was afraid and never came. Commentators regretted the lost opportunity.
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二十八年，遣立道奉使按行兩浙，尋以為四川南道宣慰使，遷陝西漢中道肅政廉訪使。 三十年，皇曾孫松山封梁王，出鎮雲南。 大德二年，廷議求舊臣可為梁王輔行者，立道遂以陝西行台侍御史拜雲南行省參政。 視事期月，卒於官。
In the twenty-eighth year Lidao was sent to inspect the Two Zhe circuits. He was soon made pacification commissioner of Sichuan South Circuit and then surveillance commissioner on Shaanxi's Hanzhong Circuit. In the thirtieth year the emperor's great-grandson Songshan was enfeoffed as Prince of Liang and sent to govern Yunnan. In Dade 2 the court sought a veteran minister to assist the Prince of Liang. Lidao was promoted from associate censor on the Shaanxi regional secretariat to regional secretary councillor of Yunnan. After one month in office he died.
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立道凡三使安南，官雲南最久，頗得土人之心，為之立祠於鄯善城西。 立道所著詩文，有《效古集》、《平蜀總論》、《安南錄》、《雲南風土記》、《六昭通說》若干卷。 子元，雲南行省左右司郎中。
Lidao served three times as envoy to Annam and held office in Yunnan longer than anyone else. He won the people's affection, and a shrine was built for him west of Shanshan. His writings included several volumes: Collected Imitations of Antiquity, General Discourse on Pacifying Shu, Record of Annam, Account of Yunnan Customs, and Exposition on Liutong. His son Yuan served as langzhong in the left and right bureaus of the Yunnan regional secretariat.
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○張庭珍庭瑞
Zhang Tingzhen and Tingrui
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世祖即位，自將北伐，以庭珍熟知西京入漠南路，遣立沙井諸驛，兼給糧運，俄授同僉土蕃經略使。 至元六年，安南入貢不時，以庭珍為朝列大夫、安南國達魯花赤，佩金符，由吐蕃、大理諸蠻至於安南。 世子光昞立受昭，庭珍責之曰：「皇帝不欲以汝土地為郡縣，而聽汝稱籓，遣使喻旨，德至厚也。 王猶與宋為脣齒，妄自尊大。 今百萬之師圍襄陽，拔在旦夕，席捲渡江，則宋亡矣，王將何恃？ 且雲南之兵不兩月可至汝境，覆汝宗祀有不難者，其審謀之。」 光昞惶恐，下拜受詔，既而語庭珍曰：「聖天子憐我，而使者來多無禮，汝官朝列，我王也，相與抗禮，古有之乎？」 庭珍曰：「有之。 王人雖微，序於諸侯之上。」 光昞曰：「汝過益州，見雲南王拜否？」 庭珍曰：「雲南王，天子之子，汝蠻夷小邦，特假以王號，豈得比雲南王？ 況天子命我為安南之長，位居汝上耶！」 光昞曰：「既稱大國，何索吾犀象？」 庭珍曰：「貢獻方物，籓臣職也。」 光
When Kublai took the throne he led the northern campaign in person. Tingzhen knew the route from Xijing into the desert south road well, so he was sent to establish post stations at Shajing and elsewhere and supply grain transport. He was soon appointed associate commissioner of the Tibetan Pacification Commission. In Zhiyuan 6, when Annam failed to present tribute on time, Tingzhen was made Court Gentleman for Ordered Merit and darughachi of Annam, with a gold tally, and traveled through Tibet, Dali, and the tribal regions to reach Annam. When the heir Guang Bing received the edict, Tingzhen rebuked him: "The emperor does not wish to turn your land into prefectures and counties but allows you to remain a vassal. He sends envoys to explain his will—his grace is very great. Yet you still treat Song as your ally and presumptuously hold yourself high. A million-man army now besieges Xiangyang. Its fall is imminent. When they sweep south across the Yangzi, Song will perish. What will you rely on then? Yunnan's troops can reach your borders in less than two months. Overturning your ancestral line would not be difficult. Consider that carefully." Guang Bing bowed in fear to receive the edict, then said to Tingzhen, "The sage Son of Heaven shows me mercy, yet your envoys are often rude. You hold court rank and I am a king—did antiquity ever allow equals to refuse precedence to each other?" Tingzhen said, "It did. A royal envoy, though low in rank, takes precedence over feudal lords." Guang Bing said, "When you passed Yizhou, did you bow to the Prince of Yunnan?" Tingzhen said, "The Prince of Yunnan is the Son of Heaven's son. You are a petty frontier state granted a king's title in name only. How can you compare with the Prince of Yunnan? Besides, the Son of Heaven has appointed me chief over Annam. My rank is above yours!" Guang Bing said, "If you call yourselves a great power, why demand my rhinoceros horns and elephants?" Tingzhen said, "Presenting local products is a vassal's duty." Guang
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昞無以對，益慚憤，使衛兵露刃環立以恐庭珍。 庭珍解所佩弓刀，坦臥室中曰：「聽汝何為！」 光昞及群下皆服。 明年，遣使隨庭珍入貢。 庭珍見帝，以所對光昞之言聞，帝大悅，命付翰林承旨王磐紀之。
Bing had no answer and grew more ashamed and angry. He had guards bare their swords and surround Tingzhen to intimidate him. Tingzhen removed his bow and knife, lay down calmly in his room, and said, "Do as you please!" Guang Bing and all his followers submitted. The following year he sent envoys to accompany Tingzhen to court with tribute. When Tingzhen saw the emperor and reported his exchange with Guang Bing, the emperor was delighted and had Hanlin Academician Wang Pan record it.
11
授襄陽行省郎中。 與阿里海牙從數騎抵襄陽南門，呼宋將呂文煥語曰：「我師所攻，無不取者，汝孤城路絕，外無一兵之援，而欲以死守求空名，如闔郡之人何！ 汝宜早圖之。」 文煥帳前將田世英、曹彪執其總管武榮來降，文煥益孤，明日，遣黑楊都統來議納款。 將遣之還報，庭珍曰：「彼來，或以計覘我，未能必其果降。 此人呂氏腹心，不如留之，以伐其謀。」 元帥阿術然之，乃留不遣。 又明日，文煥舉城降。 以功遷中順大夫、遙授知歸德府行樞密院經歷。 諸軍南渡，復為行省郎中，俄授金虎符、襄陽總管，兼府尹，改郢、复二州達魯花赤。 宋平，遷平江路達魯花赤，改同知浙東宣慰使司事。 未行，拜大司農卿。 連居親憂，起復南京路總管，兼開封府尹。 開封有控鶴軍士十餘人，賃大宅聚居，縱橫街陌。 庭珍始至，察其必為盜，急捕之，得寶玩、器服、子女滿室，窮索其黨，俱殺之，民以為神。 河決，灌太康，漂溺千里，庭珍括商人漁子船及縛木為筏，載糗糧四出救之，全活甚眾。 水入善利門，庭珍親督夫運薪土捍之，不能止，乃頹城為堰。 水既退，即發民增外防百三十里，人免水憂。 俄卒於官。
He was appointed langzhong of the Xiangyang regional secretariat. With Alihaiya he rode with a few men to Xiangyang's south gate and called to the Song general Lü Wenhuan, "Our army takes every place it attacks. Your city is isolated, cut off, with no reinforcements, yet you would die in a stubborn defense for an empty reputation. What of all the people in your commandery? You should decide soon." Wenhuan's generals Tian Shiying and Cao Biao seized their director-general Wu Rong and surrendered. Wenhuan was left more isolated. The next day he sent Commander Heiyang to negotiate surrender. They were about to send him back when Tingzhen said, "He may have come to spy on us. We cannot be sure they will truly surrender. This man is Lü's trusted confidant. Better to keep him and thwart their plans." Marshal Aju agreed and kept him from returning. The next day Wenhuan surrendered the entire city. For his merit he was promoted to Grand Master of Palace Accordance and given remote appointment as administrator of the Guid Prefecture branch secretariat of the Privy Council. When the armies crossed the Yangzi he again became regional secretariat langzhong, then received a gold tiger tally as Xiangyang director-general and prefect, and later served as darughachi of Ying and Fu prefectures. After the pacification of Song he became darughachi of Pingjiang Circuit, then associate commissioner of the Zhedong Pacification Commission. Before he could take up the post he was appointed Grand Minister of Agriculture. After successive periods of mourning for his parents he was recalled to serve as Nanjing Route director-general and concurrently Kaifeng prefect. In Kaifeng more than ten Crane-Control Army soldiers rented a large house and lived together, swaggering through the streets. When Tingzhen arrived he saw they must be robbers and arrested them at once. Their rooms were full of loot, goods, and captive women and children. He tracked down the whole gang and executed them all. The people regarded him as miraculous. When the river burst its banks and flooded Taikang for a thousand li, Tingzhen requisitioned merchant and fishing boats and built rafts, loaded provisions, and sent rescue parties in all directions. He saved a great many lives. When water entered the Shanli Gate, Tingzhen personally supervised workers hauling timber and earth to hold it back. When that failed, he demolished part of the city wall to build a dike. After the flood receded he mobilized the people to extend the outer defenses for 130 li, sparing them further flood damage. He soon died in office.
12
庭珍性清慎，丞相伯顏嘗語人曰：「諸將渡江，無不荒貪，唯我與國寶始終自守。」 聞者以為知言。 弟庭瑞。
Tingzhen was upright and cautious by nature. Chancellor Bayan once said, "Of all the generals who crossed the Yangzi, none escaped dissipation and greed—only Guobao and I held ourselves in check throughout." Those who heard it agreed he spoke the truth. His younger brother was Tingrui.
13
庭瑞字天表，幼以功業自許，兵法、地志、星曆、卜筮無不推究，以宿衛從憲宗伐蜀為先鋒。 中統二年，授元帥府參議，留戍青居。 諸軍攻開州、達州，庭端將兵築城虎嘯山，扼二州路。 宋將夏貴以師數万圍之，城當砲，皆穿，築柵守之，柵壞，乃依大樹張牛馬皮以拒砲。 貴以城中人飲於澗，外絕其水。 庭瑞取人畜溲沸煮之，瀉土中以洩臭，人日飲數合，脣皆瘡裂。 堅守踰月，援兵不敢進。 庭瑞度宋兵稍懈，三分其兵，夜劫貴營，宋兵驚潰，殺都統欒俊、雍貴、胡世雄等五人，斬千餘級，庭瑞亦被傷數處。 以功授奉議大夫、知高唐州，改濮州尹，遷陝西四川道按察副使。 政過於猛，上官弗便，陷以罪，徙四川屯田經略副使。 東西川行樞密院發兵圍重慶，朝廷知庭瑞練習軍事，換成都總管，佩虎符，舟楫兵仗糧儲皆倚以辦。
Tingrui, courtesy name Tianbiao, aspired to great deeds from youth and studied military science, geography, astronomy, and divination thoroughly. As a palace guard he followed Emperor Xianzong's campaign against Shu as vanguard. In Zhongtong 2 he was appointed councilor of the marshal's headquarters and garrisoned Qingju. When the armies attacked Kaizhou and Dazhou, Tingrui built a fort on Tiger's Roar Mountain to block the routes between the two prefectures. The Song general Xia Gui besieged it with tens of thousands of men. Catapult shots pierced the walls. They built palisades, and when those failed they stretched ox and horse hides from great trees to block the stones. Gui cut off the stream because the garrison drew its water from it. Tingrui boiled human and animal urine, poured it through earth to reduce the stench, and had the men drink a few he a day. Their lips cracked with sores. They held out for more than a month while relief troops dared not advance. When Tingrui judged the Song army had slackened, he divided his force in three and raided Gui's camp by night. The Song troops fled in panic. He killed commanders Luan Jun, Yong Gui, Hu Shixiong, and others—five in all—and beheaded more than a thousand men. Tingrui himself was wounded in several places. For his merit he was made Grand Master of Court Discussion and prefect of Gaotang, then Puzhou prefect, and later associate surveillance commissioner on the Shaanxi-Sichuan circuit. His rule was too harsh for his superiors' liking. They framed him on a charge and transferred him to associate commissioner of the Sichuan garrison-farming commission. When the Eastern and Western Sichuan branch privy council besieged Chongqing, the court knew Tingrui was skilled in military affairs and made him Chengdu director-general with a tiger tally. Boats, weapons, and grain stores all depended on him.
14
蜀平，升諸蠻夷部宣慰使，甚得蠻夷心。 碉門羌與婦人老幼入市，爭價殺人，碉門魚通司擊其人。 羌酋怒，斷繩橋，謀入劫之。 魚通司來告急，左丞汪惟正問計，庭瑞曰：「羌俗暴悍，以鬥殺為勇。 今如蜂毒一人，而即以門牆之寇待之，不可。 宜遣使往諭禍福，彼悟，當自回矣。」 惟正曰：「使者無過於君。」 遂從數騎，抵羌界。 羌陳兵以待，庭瑞進前語之曰：「殺人償死，羌與中國之法同，有司擊諸人，欲以為見證耳。 而汝即肆無禮，如行省聞於朝，召近郡兵，空汝巢穴矣。」 其酋長棄槍弩羅拜曰：「我近者生裂羊脾卜之，視肉之文理何如，則吉其兆，曰：'有白馬將軍來，可不勞兵而罷。 '今公馬果白，敢不從命。」 乃論殺人者，餘盡縱遣之。 遂與約，自今交市者，以碉門為界，無相出入。 官買蜀茶，增價鬻於羌，人以為患。 庭瑞更變引法，使每引納二緡，而付文券與民，聽其自市於羌，羌、蜀便之。 先時，運糧由楊山溯江，往往覆陷，庭瑞始立屯田，人得免患。 都掌蠻叛，蠻善飛槍，聯松枝為牌自蔽，行省命庭瑞討之。 庭瑞所射矢，出其牌半竿，蠻驚曰：「何物弓矢如此之力！」 即請服。 惟斬其酋德蘭酉等十餘人，而招復其餘民。
After the pacification of Shu he was promoted to pacification commissioner over the tribal departments and won their deep loyalty. Qiang from Diaomen went to market with women, children, and elders. A price dispute led to killing, and the Diaomen Yutong Office arrested the offenders. The Qiang chieftain was furious, cut the rope bridge, and planned a raid. The Yutong Office reported an emergency. Left Chancellor Wang Weizheng asked for advice. Tingrui said, "The Qiang are violent by custom and take killing as courage. If one bee stings a man, you cannot treat the whole hive as an enemy at the gate. That will not do. Send an envoy to explain the consequences. Once they understand, they will withdraw on their own." Weizheng said, "No one is better suited to be the envoy than you." He rode out with a few men to the Qiang border. The Qiang drew up their troops. Tingrui rode forward and said, "Killing is repaid with death—the Qiang and China share the same law. The officials arrested those men only as witnesses. Yet you act without courtesy. If the regional secretariat reports to court and summons nearby troops, your settlements will be destroyed." Their chieftain cast aside his weapons and bowed in a circle. "I recently divined by splitting a sheep's spleen," he said. "The omen was auspicious: 'A white-horse general will come, and the trouble will end without fighting. Your horse is indeed white. How could we disobey?" He tried the killers and released the rest. They agreed that from then on trade would use Diaomen as the boundary and neither side would cross without permission. The government bought Shu tea and resold it to the Qiang at inflated prices, which the people found oppressive. Tingrui reformed the transport regulations: each permit paid two strings of cash, the people received certificates, and they were free to trade with the Qiang themselves. Both sides benefited. Formerly grain transport upriver from Yangshan often ended in shipwreck. Tingrui established garrison farms so the people were spared that hardship. The Duzhang tribes rebelled. They were skilled with throwing spears and used pine-branch shields for protection. The regional secretariat ordered Tingrui to suppress them. An arrow Tingrui shot passed halfway through their shield. The tribes cried in alarm, "What bow and arrow has such force!" They immediately asked to submit. He executed only their chiefs Delanyou and a dozen others and brought the rest of the people back under control.
15
授敘州等處蠻夷部宣撫使，改潭州路總管。 時湖廣省臣方剝民為功，庭瑞知不可拒，乃辭歸關中。 三年，思成都，遂從漢中分家奴往居焉。 以疾卒。
He was appointed pacification commissioner over the tribal departments of Xuzhou and neighboring areas, then made director-general of Tanzhou Route. At that time the Huguang regional secretariat ministers were exploiting the people for credit. Tingrui knew he could not resist them and resigned to return to Guanzhong. Three years later, missing Chengdu, he took household slaves from Hanzhong and went to live there. He died of illness.
16
庭瑞初屯青居，其土多橘，時中州艱得蜀藥，其價倍常。 庭瑞課閒卒，日入橘皮若干升儲之，人莫曉也。 賈人有喪其資不能歸者，人給橘皮一石，得錢以濟，莫不感之。 家有愛妾，一日見老人與之語，乃其父也，妾以告庭瑞。 召視之，其貌甚似，問：「欲得汝女歸耶？」 其人以為幸侍左右，非敢求與歸。 庭瑞曰：「汝女居吾家，不過群婢，歸嫁則良人矣。」 盡取奩裝書券還之，時人以為難。
When Tingrui first garrisoned Qingju, the region had many orange trees. Medicines from Shu were scarce in the central plains and sold at double the usual price. Tingrui had idle soldiers collect several sheng of orange peel each day. No one understood why. When merchants lost their capital and could not return home, each received a shi of orange peel worth enough money to get by. All were deeply grateful. He had a beloved concubine who one day saw an old man speaking with her—it was her father—and she told Tingrui. Tingrui summoned him. The resemblance was striking. "Do you want your daughter back?" he asked. The man said he was fortunate enough that she served Tingrui and did not dare ask for her return. Tingrui said, "In my house your daughter is only one of many maidservants. If she returns home to marry, she will have a proper husband." He returned all her trousseau, documents, and certificates. People of the time admired the difficulty of that act.
17
○張惠
Zhang Hui
18
張惠，字廷傑，成都新繁人，宋尚書右僕射商英之裔孫也。 其先徙居青河，後徙蜀。 歲丙申，惠年十四，兵入蜀，被俘至杭海。 居數年，盡通諸國語，丞相蒙速速愛而薦之，入侍世祖籓邸。 以謹敏稱，賜名兀魯忽訥特。 世祖即位，授燕京宣慰副使。 為政寬簡，奏免分數錢，罷硝鹼局。 俄遷侍中。 至元元年冬，拜參知政事，行省山東。 以銀贖俘囚二百餘家為民，其不能歸者，使為僧，建寺居之。 李璮之亂，山東民被軍士虜掠者甚眾，惠至，大括軍中，悉縱之。 又奏選良吏，去冗官，以蘇民瘼。 遷制國用司副使。 會改制國用司為尚書省，拜參知政事，遷中書左丞，進右丞。 伯顏帥師伐宋，十二年夏，詔惠主其饋餉，凡江淮錢穀皆領之。 十三年春，宋降，伯顏命惠與參知政事阿剌罕等入城，按閱府庫版籍，收其太廟及景靈宮禮樂器物、冊寶、郊天儀仗。 籍江南民為工匠凡三十萬戶，惠選有藝業者僅十餘萬戶，餘悉奏還為民。 伯顏以宋主北還，俾惠居守。 惠不待命，輒啟府庫封鑰，伯顏以聞，詔左丞相阿術、平章政事阿塔海詰之，徵還京師。 二十年，拜榮祿大夫、平章政事，行省揚州。 二十二年，入朝，復命以平章政事行省杭州。 至無錫卒，年六十二。 惠所至有能聲，及老，頗以沉浮取譏。 子遵誨。
Zhang Hui, courtesy name Tingjie, of Xinfan in Chengdu, was a descendant of the Song Right Vice Director of the Secretariat Shang Ying. His family first moved to Qinghe and later to Shu. In the bingshen year, when Hui was fourteen, the armies entered Shu and he was captured and taken to Hanghai. After several years he mastered the languages of many states. Chancellor Meng Susu favored him and recommended him to serve in Kublai's princely household. Known for prudence and quickness, he was given the Mongol name Ulugunet. When Kublai took the throne he was appointed associate pacification commissioner of Yanjing. His rule was lenient and simple. He memorialized to abolish apportioned cash levies and shut down the saltpeter and alkali monopoly office. He was soon made Palace Attendant. In the winter of Zhiyuan 1 he was appointed associate administrator of affairs for the Shandong regional secretariat. He used silver to ransom more than two hundred captive families and restore them as commoners. Those who could not return home he made monks and built a temple to house them. During Li Tan's rebellion many Shandong civilians were seized by soldiers. When Hui arrived he searched the army thoroughly and released them all. He also memorialized to select capable officials, remove redundant posts, and relieve the people's hardships. He was transferred to vice commissioner of the State Revenue Office. When the State Revenue Office became the Ministry, he was made associate administrator, then left chancellor of the Secretariat, and finally right chancellor. When Bayan commanded the campaign against Song, an edict in the summer of the twelfth year put Hui in charge of provisions. All revenue and grain from the Jiang-Huai region came under his control. In the spring of the thirteenth year Song surrendered. Bayan ordered Hui, Associate Administrator Alahan, and others to enter the city, inspect the treasuries and registers, and collect the ritual vessels, music instruments, registers, seals, and suburban-sacrifice regalia from the Imperial Ancestral Temple and Jingling Palace. Three hundred thousand Jiangnan households were registered as artisans. Hui selected only those with real skills—about one hundred thousand households—and memorialized to return the rest to common status. When Bayan took the Song ruler north, he left Hui to guard the city. Without waiting for orders, Hui opened the sealed treasuries. Bayan reported it. An edict had Left Chancellor Aju and Grand Councillor Atahai investigate him, and he was recalled to the capital. In the twentieth year he was made Grand Master for Glorious Happiness and grand councillor for the Yangzhou regional secretariat. In the twenty-second year he went to court and was again appointed grand councillor for the Hangzhou regional secretariat. He died at Wuxi at the age of sixty-two. Wherever Hui served he won a reputation for ability, but in old age he drew criticism for being unsteady. His son was Zunhui.
19
○劉好禮
Liu Haoli
20
劉好禮，字敬之，汴梁祥符人。 父仲澤，金大理評事，遙授同知許州，徙家保定之完州。 好禮幼有志，知讀書，通國言，憲宗時廉訪府辟為參議。 歲乙卯，改永興府達魯花赤。 至元元年，以侍儀廉希逸薦召見，言舉人材數事，稱旨。 五年，應詔建言：「凡有司奏請，宜先啟皇太子，俾得閱習庶政，以為社稷生民之福。 陝西重地，宜封皇子諸王以鎮之。 創築都城，宜給直以市民地。 選格不宜以中統三年為限，後是者不錄。」 帝是其言，敕中書施行。 七年，遷益蘭州等五部斷事官，以比古之都護，治益蘭。 其地距京師九千餘里，民俗不知陶冶，水無舟航。 好禮請工匠於朝，以教其民，迄今稱便。 或言榷鹽酒可以佐經費，好禮曰：「朝廷設官要荒，務以綏遠，寧欲奪其利耶！」 言者慚服。
Liu Haoli, courtesy name Jingzhi, was from Xiangfu in Bianliang. His father Zhongze had served Jin as an evaluating clerk in the Dali Court and held a remote appointment as associate prefect of Xuzhou; the family later moved to Wanzhou in Baoding. From childhood Haoli was ambitious and studious, literate and fluent in the national language; under Emperor Xianzong the surveillance commission recruited him as deliberator. In the yimao year he was reassigned as darughachi of Yongxing Prefecture. In Zhiyuan 1, on the recommendation of Ceremonial Attendant Lian Xiyi, he was summoned to court and spoke on several matters of recruiting talent; the emperor approved. In the fifth year, answering an imperial summons, he advised: "All offices submitting memorials should first report them to the Crown Prince so he may practice routine governance—a blessing for the realm and its people. Shaanxi is a vital region; imperial sons and princes should be enfeoffed there to hold it. When building the new capital, fair compensation should be paid for land taken from commoners. Selection criteria should not cut off at Zhongtong 3; candidates after that year should not be barred." The emperor approved his advice and ordered the Secretariat to carry it out. In the seventh year he was made adjudication officer of Yilan and four other departments, a post likened to the Protector-General of old, and governed from Yilan. The region lay more than nine thousand li from the capital; the people knew nothing of pottery or metalworking, and the rivers had no boats. Haoli requested craftsmen from court to teach the people, and the benefit is praised to this day. When someone proposed monopolizing salt and wine to supplement revenue, Haoli said, "The court posts officials in distant lands to pacify the frontier—would it truly mean to strip them of their livelihood?" The proponent withdrew, ashamed and convinced.
21
十年，北方諸王叛，執好禮軍中，幾死，其大將以好禮善應對，釋之。 十六年春，叛王召好禮至欠欠州曰：「皇帝疑我，致有今日。」 好禮曰：「不疑。 果疑王，召王至京師，肯還之耶？」 十七年春，好禮率眾走別部，守厄以待兵至。 遇叛王軍，迫好禮西逾雪峨嶺。 好禮自度，逾是則無望其還，遂以衣服賂叛王千戶，始獲東出鐵壁山口，間道南走數日，從者繼至且千人。 中道糧絕，捕獵以為食。 七月，至菊海，始與戍兵接，得乘傳至昌州。 入見，帝賜之食與鈔。 十八年，授嘉議大夫、澧州路總管。 十九年，入為刑部尚書，俄改禮部，又改吏部。 好禮建言中書：「像力最巨，上往還兩都，乘輿象駕，萬一有變，從者雖多，力何能及。」 未幾，象驚，幾傷從者。 二十一年，出為北京路總管。 再入為戶部尚書。 二十五年六月，卒，年六十二。
In the tenth year the northern princes rebelled. Haoli was taken in camp and nearly killed, but a senior commander spared him for his ready and tactful replies. In the spring of the sixteenth year the rebel prince summoned Haoli to Qianqian Prefecture and said, "The emperor's suspicion of me brought us to this pass." Haoli replied, "He did not suspect you. If he truly suspected you, would he summon you to the capital and then let you return?" In the spring of the seventeenth year Haoli led his followers to another tribe, held a mountain pass, and waited for imperial troops. They met the rebel prince's army, which drove Haoli west over Xue'e Ridge. Haoli judged that farther west there would be no hope of return. He bribed a rebel chiliarch with clothing and only then got free east through Tiebi Mountain Pass; by back trails he fled south for days while followers kept joining until he had nearly a thousand men. Food gave out on the way, and they lived by hunting. In the seventh month they reached Juhai, met garrison troops at last, and he traveled by relay post to Chang Prefecture. He was received in audience, and the emperor gave him food and paper money. In the eighteenth year he was made Gentleman for Honorable Counsel and route prefect of Lizhou. In the nineteenth year he entered the capital as minister of punishments, then was moved to the Ministry of Rites and later to the Ministry of Personnel. Haoli advised the Secretariat: "Elephants are immensely powerful. When His Majesty travels between the two capitals in an elephant carriage, if anything goes wrong, no number of attendants could restrain it." Before long an elephant panicked and nearly injured attendants. In the twenty-first year he was posted as route prefect of the Northern Capital. He returned to the capital as minister of revenue. He died in the sixth month of the twenty-fifth year, at sixty-two.
22
子晸，為河西隴右道肅政廉訪使。
His son Jing became rectifying surveillance commissioner of the Hexi-Longyou Circuit.
23
○王國昌
Wang Guochang
24
子燕出不花，襲武德將軍、左衛親軍副都指揮使。
His son Yanchubuhua inherited the posts of General of Martial Virtue and vice commander-in-chief of the Left Guard's personal army.
25
○姜彧
Jiang Yu
26
姜彧，字文卿，萊州萊陽人也。 父椿，避亂往依濟南張榮，因家焉。 彧幼穎悟好學，榮守濟南，辟為掾，升左右司知事，尋遷郎中，進參議官。 中統二年，彧與榮孫宏入朝，因言益都李璮反狀已露，宜先其未發製之，未報。 明年春，璮果反。 時諸郡不為兵備，璮即襲據濟南。 彧棄家從榮，招集散亡。 迎諸王哈必赤進兵討之。 秋七月，捕得生口，言城中糧盡勢蹙，彧乃昏夜請見王曰：「聞王陛辭時，面受詔曰：'發兵誅璮耳，毋及無辜。 '今旦夕城且破，王宜早諭諸將分守城門，勿令縱兵，不然城中無噍類矣。」 王曰：「汝言城破，解陰陽耶？」 彧曰：「以人事知之，若待城破言於王，晚矣。」 王悟。 明日，賊眾開門出降，王下令諸軍，敢入城者論以軍法，璮就擒，城中按堵如故。 彧以功授大都督府參議，改知濱州。 時行營軍士多佔民田為牧地，縱牛馬壞民禾稼桑棗，彧言於中書，遣官分畫疆畔，捕其強猾不法者置之法。 乃課民種桑，歲餘，新桑遍野，人名為太守桑。 及遷東平府判官，民遮請留，馬為之不行。 至元五年，召拜治書侍御史，出為河北河南道提刑按察使，賜金虎符，改信州路總管。 後累遷陝西漢中、河東山西道提刑按察使，拜行台御史中丞。 後以老病歸濟南，尋擢燕南河北道提刑按察使。 三十年二月，以疾卒，年七十六。 子迪吉。
Jiang Yu, courtesy name Wenqing, was from Laiyang in Laizhou. His father Chun fled the turmoil and took refuge with Zhang Rong of Jinan, and the family settled there. Yu was bright and studious from youth. When Rong held Jinan he recruited Yu as a clerk, then made him registrar of the left and right departments, soon promoted him to langzhong, and finally to deliberator. In Zhongtong 2, Yu and Rong's grandson Hong went to court and warned that Li Tan of Yidu already showed clear signs of rebellion and should be stopped before he acted; no answer came. The next spring Tan did rebel. The prefectures had made no military preparations, and Tan seized Jinan at once. Yu left his household to follow Rong and rallied the scattered and displaced. They welcomed Prince Habeichi and his army to suppress the rebellion. In the seventh month prisoners reported that the city was out of grain and hard pressed. Yu sought a night audience with the prince and said, "When Your Highness took leave at court, you were told in person: 'Send troops to punish Tan alone; do not touch the innocent. The city will fall at any moment. Your Highness should order the generals to hold the gates and forbid looting, or the whole population will be wiped out." The prince asked, "You say the city will fall—are you a diviner of yin and yang?" Yu answered, "I infer it from the situation. If I waited until the city fell to tell Your Highness, it would be too late." The prince took his point. The next day the rebels opened the gates and surrendered. The prince ordered that anyone entering the city would be punished under military law. Tan was captured, and the city remained calm and intact. For his service Yu was made deliberator of the Metropolitan Commandery Office, then prefect of Binzhou. Camp soldiers often seized civilian fields for pasture and let livestock ruin crops, mulberry, and jujube trees. Yu reported this to the Secretariat, which sent officials to mark boundaries and punish the worst offenders. He then ordered the people to plant mulberry. Within a year new trees covered the countryside, and people called them the Prefect's Mulberry. When he was transferred to assistant prefect of Dongping, the people blocked his path and begged him to stay; his horses would not move on. In Zhiyuan 5 he was summoned as investigating censor, then posted as surveillance commissioner of the Hebei-Henan Circuit with a gold tiger tally, and later made route prefect of Xinzhou. He later served in turn as surveillance commissioner of the Shaanxi-Hanzhong and Hedong-Shanxi Circuits and was made associate censor-in-chief of the Branch Secretariat. He later retired to Jinan with age and illness, but was soon promoted to surveillance commissioner of the Yannan-Hebei Circuit. He died of illness in the second month of the thirtieth year, at seventy-six. His son was Diji.
27
○張礎
Zhang Chu
28
張礎，字可用，其先渤海人，金末，曾祖琛徙燕之通州。 祖伯達，從忽都忽那顏略地燕、薊，金守蒲察七斤以城降。 忽都忽承製以伯達為通州節度判官，遂知通州。 父範，為真定勸農官，因家焉。 礎業儒，丙辰歲，平章廉希憲薦於世祖潛邸。 時真定為諸王阿里不哥分地，阿里不哥以礎不附己，銜之，遣使言於世祖曰：「張礎，我分地中人，當以歸我。」 世祖命使者復曰：「兄弟至親，寧有彼此之間，且我方有事於宋，如礎者，實所倚任，待天下平定，當遣還也。」 己未，從世祖伐宋，凡徵發軍旅文檄，悉出其手。 中統元年，立中書省，以礎權左右司事，尋出為彰德路拘榷官，復入為三部員外郎，賜金符，為平陽路同知轉運使，改知獻州，同知東平府事，又改知威州。 有婦人乘驢過市者，投下官暗赤之奴引鳴鏑射婦人墜地，奴匿暗赤家。 礎將以其事聞，暗赤懼，乃出其奴，論如法。 至元十四年，立諸道提刑按察司，以礎為江南浙西道提刑按察副使，佩金符。 宣慰使失裡貪暴，掠良民為奴，礎劾黜之。 遂安縣民聚眾負險為亂，命礎與同知浙西道宣慰使劉宣領兵捕之。 宣即欲進兵，礎曰：「江南新附，守吏或失撫字，宜遣人招諭，以全眾命。」 宣不可，礎曰：「諭之不來，加誅未晚。」 遂遣人諭之，逆黨果自縛請罪，礎釋之，宣乃嘆服。 遷嶺南廣西道提刑按察使。 廣西宣慰使也裡脫強奪民財，礎按其罪。 遷嶺北湖南道提刑按察副使，授賓州路總管，不赴，拜國子祭酒，尋出為安豐路總管。 三十一年，卒於官，年六十三。 贈昭文館大學士、正奉大夫，封清河郡公，諡文敏。 子淑，衛輝路推官。
Zhang Chu, courtesy name Keyong, came from Bohai stock; at the end of Jin his great-grandfather Chen moved the family to Tongzhou in Yan. His grandfather Boda followed Commander Huduhu in the conquest of Yan and Ji; the Jin defender Pucha Qijin surrendered the city. Huduhu appointed Boda military adjutant of Tongzhou on imperial authority, and Boda went on to govern the prefecture. His father Fan served as agricultural promotion officer of Zhending, and the family settled there. Chu studied the Confucian classics; in the bingchen year Grand Councillor Lian Xixian recommended him to Kublai's princely residence. Zhending then lay in Prince Ariq Böke's appanage. Because Chu would not side with him, Ariq Böke resented him and sent word to Kublai: "Zhang Chu belongs to my domain and should be returned to me." Kublai had the envoy reply, "Brothers are closest of kin—why speak of yours and mine? I have urgent business with Song, and men like Chu are indispensable to me. When the realm is settled I will send him back." In the jiwei year he followed Kublai's campaign against Song and drafted all military requisitions and proclamations. In Zhongtong 1, when the Secretariat was established, Chu temporarily headed the left and right departments. He then served as monopoly officer of Zhangde Route, returned as outer section director of the three ministries with a gold tally, became associate transport commissioner of Pingyang Route, prefect of Xianzhou, associate prefect of Dongping, and finally prefect of Weizhou. A woman riding a donkey passed through the market. A slave of the appanage official Anchi shot a whistling arrow and knocked her to the ground, then hid in Anchi's house. When Chu was about to report the case, Anchi, fearing exposure, surrendered the slave, who was punished by law. In Zhiyuan 14, when circuit surveillance commissions were established, Chu became associate surveillance commissioner of the Jiangnan-Zhexi Circuit with a gold tally. Pacification Commissioner Shili was greedy and brutal and seized commoners as slaves; Chu impeached him and had him removed. People in Suian County rose in armed rebellion from rugged terrain. Chu and Associate Pacification Commissioner Liu Xuan of the Zhexi Circuit were ordered to lead troops against them. Xuan wanted to attack at once. Chu said, "Jiangnan has only just submitted; local officials may have failed the people. Send envoys to offer terms and save lives." Xuan refused. Chu said, "If they ignore the summons, punishment can come later." Envoys were sent. The rebels bound themselves and pleaded for mercy; Chu released them, and Xuan came away impressed. He was transferred to surveillance commissioner of the Lingnan-Guangxi Circuit. Guangxi Pacification Commissioner Yelituo seized civilian property by force; Chu investigated and prosecuted him. He was made associate surveillance commissioner of the Lingbei-Hunan Circuit, offered the post of route prefect of Binzhou but declined, was appointed director of the Imperial Academy, and soon became route prefect of Anfeng. He died in office in the thirty-first year, at sixty-three. He was posthumously made Grand Academician of the Zhaowen Hall and Grand Master for Proper Service, enfeoffed as Duke of Qinghe Commandery, with the posthumous name Wenmin. His son Shu served as judicial officer of Weihui Route.
29
○呂掞
Lu Shan
30
呂掞字，伯充，河內人。 七世祖公緒，與宋丞相公著為從昆弟。 祖庭，金末避亂，去鄉里。 父佑，歸附，初隸兵籍，轉徙北郡，復至關中，家焉。 廉希憲宣撫京兆，聘許衡教授生徒，掞從衡學。 衡為國子祭酒，舉掞為伴讀，輔成教養，掞之功為多。 至元十三年，擢陝西道按察司知事。 未行，會宋降者言襄、漢新附，民情未安，有呂子開者，向為襄陽制置司參謀官，今退居鄂，其人悉知宋事，宜徵用之，朝廷議遣使而難其人。 或言子開舊名偉，金亂入宋，更名文蔚，字子開，於掞為從叔父，宜遣掞行。 時江淮兵猶未戢，掞聞之，慨然請行。 子開既入覲，陳安撫襄、漢便宜，詔以子開為翰林直學士，辭不就。 十四年，授掞四川行樞密院都事。 時宋制置使張珏守重慶，安撫使王立守合州，詔樞府分兵取之。 李德輝行西院事於成都，獲立偵卒張郃等數人，將殺之，掞曰：「彼不即降者，以昔嘗抗命，城降懼誅耳。 今宜釋郃等，俾歸諭立。」 未幾，立果遣郃等齎蠟書至成都，德輝請與東院同受降。 後期不至，德輝承製授立仍為安撫使，知合州，開倉賑民，禁戢剽掠。 而瀘、敘、崇慶、播、夔、萬等郡聞之，相繼送款。 巴、黔民感掞與德輝之惠，並祠事之。 東院恥其無功，誣德輝越境邀功，械立於長安獄，將誅之。 掞適以事至京師，言於許衡。 衡白留守賀仁傑，遂奏釋立，賜金虎符，仍舊官。 掞亦以平定四川功，詔賜金織衣、弓刀、鞍勒、白金，升奉訓大夫、四川行省左右司郎中。 十九年，調同知順慶路總管府事，以疾辭。 二十年，徵為國子司業，以未終喪辭。 三十年，改華州知州，勸農興學，具有成效，及代，民爭留之。
Lu Shan, courtesy name Bochong, was from Henei. His seventh-generation ancestor Gongxu was a paternal cousin of the Song chancellor Lu Gongzhu. His grandfather Ting left his home at the end of Jin to escape the turmoil. His father You submitted to the new regime, was first enrolled in the military registers, moved through the northern commanderies, and finally settled in Guanzhong. When Lian Xixian pacified Jingzhao he engaged Xu Heng to teach students, and Shan studied under Xu Heng. When Xu Heng became director of the Imperial Academy he recommended Shan as associate reader; Shan did much to help train the students. In Zhiyuan 13 he was promoted to registrar of the Shaanxi Circuit Surveillance Commission. Before he could take up the post, a Song surrenderer reported that the newly submitted Xiang-Han region was still unsettled. A man named Lu Zikai, formerly staff officer of the Xiangyang Pacification Commission and now retired in E, knew Song affairs thoroughly and should be recruited. The court debated whom to send as envoy. Someone noted that Zikai's original name was Wei; he had entered Song during the Jin collapse and renamed himself Wenwei, styled Zikai. As Shan's grand-uncle, Shan was the right envoy. Fighting along the Jiang-Huai had not yet ended, but when Shan heard of the mission he volunteered at once. After Zikai was received at court he proposed measures to pacify the Xiang-Han region. The court appointed him Hanlin Academician, but he declined. In the fourteenth year Shan was made chief clerk of the Sichuan Branch Privy Council. Song Pacification Commissioner Zhang Jue held Chongqing and Pacification Commissioner Wang Li held Hezhou. The Privy Council was ordered to divide forces and take both. Li Dehui, acting head of the Western Branch at Chengdu, captured several of Wang Li's scouts, including Zhang He, and was about to execute them. Shan said, "They hold out because they once resisted and fear death even if the city falls. Release Zhang He and the others now and send them back to persuade Wang Li." Before long Wang Li sent Zhang He and the others to Chengdu with a wax-sealed letter of surrender. Dehui asked to accept the surrender jointly with the Eastern Branch. When the Eastern Branch failed to arrive by the agreed time, Dehui, acting on imperial authority, reappointed Wang Li pacification commissioner and prefect of Hezhou, opened granaries to feed the people, and forbade looting. When Luzhou, Xuzhou, Chongqing, Bozhou, Kuizhou, Wanzhou, and other prefectures heard of it, they submitted one after another. The people of Ba and Qian, grateful for the kindness shown them by Shan and Dehui, enshrined and worshipped them both. The Eastern Branch, ashamed that it had accomplished nothing, falsely accused Dehui of crossing jurisdictional boundaries to steal credit, shackled him, and imprisoned him in Chang'an, intending to put him to death. Shan happened to be in the capital on business and told Xu Heng what had happened. Xu Heng informed the acting governor He Renjie, who memorialized for Dehui's release. Dehui was freed, granted a gold tiger tally, and restored to his former post. For his part in pacifying Sichuan, Shan was granted by edict a gold brocade robe, bow and blade, saddle and bridle, and white silver, and was promoted to Grand Master for Fostering Instruction and director of the left and right bureaus of the Sichuan Branch Secretariat. In the nineteenth year he was appointed associate administrator of the Shunqing Route Directorate but declined because of illness. In the twentieth year he was summoned to serve as vice director of the Directorate of the Imperial Academy but declined because he had not yet completed mourning. In the thirtieth year he was made prefect of Huazhou. He encouraged agriculture and promoted learning with clear success, and when his term ended the people competed to keep him.
31
子三人：杲、果、楨，皆顯仕。 孫魯，濟寧路總管。
He had three sons—Gao, Guo, and Zhen—all of whom rose to distinguished office. His grandson Lu served as administrator of Jining Route.
32
○譚資榮
Tan Zirong
33
譚資榮，字茂卿，德興懷來人。 敦厚寡言，頗知讀書，仕金為縣令。 歲己卯，河朔歸版圖，資榮率眾款附，主帥稔聞其名，即日以金符授元帥左都監，為縣令如故。 後從征，以功賜金虎符，升行元帥府事，復以其弟資用代充元帥左監軍。 歲壬辰，資榮從攻汴梁有功。 既而舉資用自代，退而耕田讀書，以為逸老計，時年四十。 子二人：曰澄，曰山阜。
Tan Zirong, courtesy name Maoqing, was from Huailai in Dexing. Steadfast and sparing of speech, he was well read and served the Jin as county magistrate. In the jimao year, when the north of the Yellow River came under the dynasty's rule, Zirong led his people in submitting. The commander, who had long known his reputation, that very day granted him a gold tally and made him left chief overseer of the Marshal's Office while keeping him county magistrate as before. He later followed on campaign and, for his merit, was granted a gold tiger tally and promoted to deputy head of the Marshal's Headquarters. His younger brother Ziyong replaced him as left army overseer of the Marshal's Office. In the renchen year Zirong took part in the assault on Bianliang and distinguished himself. He then recommended Ziyong to succeed him, retired to farm and read, and made that his plan for a peaceful old age. He was forty at the time. He had two sons, Cheng and Shanfu.
34
澄好讀書，又習國語，為監縣，多善政。 世祖在潛邸時，澄入見，世祖嘉其容止安詳，留居籓府，稱其官而不名，以其弟山阜代為縣。 遣邇臣出使，必以澄偕。 中統元年，制書褒美，以為懷孟路總管。 明年，入覲，賜金符。 四年，易虎符。 居官時，訟至立決，教民力田務本。 歷彰德同知，遷河南路總管，兼府尹。 明年，奔父喪。 中書不聽其終制，奏起復蒞職。 後歷司農少卿，遷陝西四川提刑按察使。 逾年，西南夷羅羅斯內附，帝以澄文武兼資，可使鎮撫新國，以為副都元帥、同知宣慰使司事。 至其境，諭之曰：「皇元一視同仁，不間遠近，特置大帥，安集招懷，以捍外侮，非利徵求於汝也。」 夷人大悅。 尋以疾卒。
Cheng loved books and also studied the national language. As supervising magistrate he carried out many good policies. While Kublai was still in his princely residence, Cheng came to audience. The Prince admired his calm and dignified bearing, kept him at the residence, addressed him by his office rather than his name, and had his younger brother Shanfu take over the county post. Whenever close attendants were dispatched as envoys, Cheng was always sent with them. In Zhongtong 1 an imperial letter commended him and appointed him administrator of Huaimeng Route. The next year he came to court and was granted a gold tally. In the fourth year his tiger tally was renewed. In office he decided lawsuits as soon as they arrived and taught the people to work the land and attend to the root of livelihood. He served as associate prefect of Zhangde, then was transferred to administrator of Henan Route and concurrently served as prefect. The following year he rushed home upon his father's death. The Central Secretariat would not let him complete mourning and memorialized to recall him to duty. He later served as vice minister of the Directorate of Agriculture and was transferred to surveillance commissioner of the Shaanxi-Sichuan Circuit. A year later the southwestern Yi of Luoluo submitted. The Emperor judged Cheng capable in both civil and military affairs and fit to pacify the newly submitted territory, and appointed him vice grand marshal and associate commissioner of the Pacification Commission. When he reached the territory he addressed them: "The Great Yuan treats all with equal kindness, without regard to distance. A grand marshal has been specially appointed to settle the people, win their hearts, and repel outside aggression—not to profit by levying exactions on you. The Yi were greatly pleased. Before long he died of illness.
35
子克修，事裕宗於東宮，出為江南湖北、河北河南、陝西漢中三道提刑按察使。 孫男三人：曰忠，曰質，曰文。
His son Kexiu served Prince Zhenjin in the Eastern Palace and later became surveillance commissioner of the Jiangnan-Hubei, Hebei-Henan, and Shaanxi-Hanzhong circuits. He had three grandsons: Zhong, Zhi, and Wen.
36
○王惲
Wang Yun
37
至元五年，建御史臺，首拜監察御史，知無不言，論列凡百五十餘章。 時都水劉晸交結權勢，任用頗專，陷沒官糧四十餘萬石，惲劾之，暴其奸利，權貴側目。 又言：「晸監修太廟畢功，特轉官錫賞，今才數年，梁柱摧朽，事涉不敬，宜論如法。」 晸竟以憂卒。 秩滿，陳天祐、雷膺交薦於朝。 九年，授承直郎、平陽路總管府判官。 初，絳之太平縣民有陳氏者殺其兄，行賂緩獄，蔓引逮系者三百餘人，至五年不決。 朝廷委惲鞫之，一訊即得其實，乃盡出所逮系者。 時絳久旱，一夕大雨。 十三年，奉命試儒人於河南。 十四年，除翰林待制，拜朝列大夫、河南北道提刑按察副使，尋改置諸道製下，遷燕南河北道，按部諸郡，贓吏多所罷黜。 十八年，拜中議大夫、行御史臺治書侍御史，不赴。
In Zhiyuan 5, when the Censorate was established, Yun was among the first appointed investigating censors. He held nothing back and submitted more than a hundred and fifty memorials in all. At the time Liu Kan, director of waterways, colluded with the powerful and wielded his authority with little restraint, embezzling more than four hundred thousand shi of government grain. Yun impeached him and exposed his corrupt profiteering, and the great families watched him with hostile eyes. He also said, "When Kan supervised repairs to the Imperial Temple and the work was finished, he was specially promoted and rewarded. Yet only a few years later the beams and pillars are rotting away—a matter involving disrespect for which he should be judged according to law. Kan eventually died of grief. When his term expired, Chen Tianyou and Lei Ying jointly recommended him to the court. In the ninth year he was appointed Gentleman for Attending Service and judge of the Pingyang Route Directorate. Earlier, in Taiping County in Jiang, a man surnamed Chen had killed his elder brother. By bribery he stalled the case, and more than three hundred people were implicated and detained; after five years it was still unresolved. The court entrusted the case to Yun. One interrogation brought out the truth, and he released all those who had been detained. Jiang had long been in drought; that night a heavy rain fell. In the thirteenth year he was ordered to examine Confucian scholars in Henan. In the fourteenth year he was made Hanlin academician-in-waiting and Court Gentleman for Attendance, vice surveillance commissioner of the Henan North Circuit. When the circuit offices were soon reorganized, he was transferred to the Yannan-Hebei Circuit; touring the commanderies, he dismissed many corrupt officials. In the eighteenth year he was appointed Gentleman for Extended Governance and investigating secretary of the Branch Censorate, but he did not go.
38
裕宗在東宮，惲進《承華事略》，其目曰廣孝、立愛、端本、進學、擇術、謹習、聽政、達聰、撫軍、崇儒、親賢、去邪、納誨、幾諫、從諫、推恩、尚儉、戒逸、知賢、審官，凡二十篇。 裕宗覽之，至漢成帝不絕馳道，唐肅宗改服絳紗為硃明服，心甚喜，曰：「我若遇是禮，亦當如是。」 又至邢峙止齊太子食邪蒿，顧侍臣曰：「一菜之名，遽能邪人耶？」 詹事丞張九思從旁對曰：「正臣防微，理固當然。」 太子善其說，賜酒慰喻之。 令諸皇孫傳觀，稱其書弘益居多。
While Prince Zhenjin was in the Eastern Palace, Yun presented the Outline of Eastern Palace Affairs. Its chapters were Expanding Filial Piety, Establishing Love, Setting the Root Upright, Advancing Learning, Choosing Methods, Practicing with Care, Hearing Government, Reaching the Far, Pacifying the Army, Honoring Confucianism, Esteeming Worthies, Removing the Devious, Accepting Remonstrance, Subtle Remonstrance, Following Remonstrance, Extending Grace, Valuing Frugality, Guarding against Indulgence, Knowing Worthies, and Examining Officeholders—twenty sections in all. When the Prince read it, he came to the passage about Emperor Cheng of Han not blocking the imperial thoroughfare and Emperor Suzong of Tang changing his red gauze robe to the Zhuming robe. His heart was greatly pleased, and he said, "If I meet with such rites, I too shall act in the same way. Reading further, he came to Xing Zhi's stopping the Qi crown prince from eating wild artemisia. He turned to his attendants and said, "Can the name of one vegetable really lead a man astray so quickly? Chief steward Zhang Jiusi answered from the side, "Upright ministers guard against the slightest lapse—that is only as it should be. The Prince approved his point and bestowed wine to comfort and praise him. He had all the imperial grandsons pass the book around and praised it as being largely of broad benefit.
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十九年春，改山東西道提刑按察副使，在官一年，以疾還衛。 二十二年春，以左司郎中召。 時右丞盧世榮以聚斂進用，屢趣之不赴。 或問其故，惲曰：「力小任大，剝眾利己，未聞能全者。 遠之尚恐見浼，況可近乎！」 既而果敗，眾服其識。 二十六年，授少中大夫、福建閩海道提刑按察使。 黜官吏貪污不法者凡數十人； 察系囚之冤滯者，決而遣之； 戒戍兵無得寓民家，而創營屋以居之。 每謂為治之本在於得人，乃進言於朝曰：「福建所轄郡縣五十餘，連山距海，實為邊徼重地。 而民情輕詭，由平定以來官吏貪殘，故山寇往往嘯聚，愚民因而蟻附，剽掠村落，官兵致討，复蹂踐之甚，非朝廷一視同仁之意也。 今雖不能一一擇任守令，而行省官僚如平章、左丞尚缺，宜特選清望素著、簡在帝心、文足以撫綏黎庶、武足以折衝外侮者，使鎮靜之，庶幾治安可期矣。」 時行省討劇賊鐘明亮無功，惲复條陳列利害曰：「福建歸附之民戶幾百萬，黃華一變，十去四五。 今劇賊猖獗，又酷於華，其可以尋常草竊視之？ 況其地有溪山之險，東擊西走，出沒難測，招之不降，攻之不克，宜選精兵，申明號令，專命重臣節制，以計討之，使彼勢窮力竭，庶可取也。」
In the spring of the nineteenth year he was made vice surveillance commissioner of the Shandong East-West Circuit. After a year in office he returned home because of illness. In the spring of the twenty-second year he was summoned to serve as director of the left bureau. At the time Right Chancellor Lu Shirong had risen through ruthless exactions and repeatedly pressed him, but Yun refused to go. When someone asked why, Yun said, "Too little strength for too great a charge, stripping the people to enrich oneself—I have never heard of anyone who came through that whole. Keeping one's distance from such a man one still fears being stained—how much less draw near! Before long Shirong did indeed fall, and everyone admired Yun's judgment. In the twenty-sixth year he was appointed Gentleman for Grand Attendance and surveillance commissioner of the Fujian-Minhai Circuit. He dismissed several dozen corrupt and lawless officials; he reviewed prisoners wrongly held, decided their cases, and released them; he forbade garrison troops to lodge in private homes and had barracks built for them. He often said that the foundation of good government lies in getting the right men, and memorialized to the court, "The more than fifty commanderies and counties under Fujian stretch among mountains to the sea and are truly a vital frontier region. Yet the people are lightly deceitful. Since pacification, officials have often been greedy and cruel, so mountain bandits frequently gather; foolish commoners swarm to join them and plunder villages, and when government troops come to suppress them they trample the people all the worse. This is not what the court intends in treating all with equal kindness. Though we cannot now choose every prefect and magistrate individually, posts such as pacification commissioner and left vice director in the branch secretariat still stand vacant. Men of clear reputation long established, specially favored by the Emperor, whose civil capacity suffices to soothe the people and whose martial capacity suffices to repel outside aggression, should be chosen to pacify the region—then order may perhaps be expected. At the time the branch secretariat's campaign against the major bandit Zhong Mingliang had failed. Yun again submitted a detailed statement of advantages and dangers: "The submitted households of Fujian number nearly in the millions. At Huang Hua's rebellion four or five tenths were lost. Now this major bandit rages fiercely, more savage than Hua—can he be treated as an ordinary petty outlaw? Moreover the terrain offers the peril of streams and mountains; he strikes east and flees west, appearing and vanishing unpredictably. Summoning him does not bring surrender and attacking him does not overcome him. Fine troops should be chosen, orders clearly proclaimed, and a high minister specially entrusted with overall command to take him by strategy until his strength is exhausted and his power spent—then he may perhaps be taken."