1
梁曾，字貢父，燕人。 祖守正，父德，皆以曾貴，贈安定郡公。 曾少好學，日記書數千言。 中統四年，以翰林學士承旨王鶚薦，辟中書左三部令史，三轉為中書省掾。 至元十年，用累考及格，授雲南諸路行省都事，佩銀符。 久之，升員外郎。 十五年，轉同知廣南西道左右兩江宣撫司事。 明年，除知南陽府。 唐、鄧二屬州為襄陽府所奪，曾按圖經、稽國製以聞，事得復舊。 南陽在宋末為邊鄙，桑柘未成，而歲賦絲，民甚苦之，曾請折輸布，民便之。
Liang Ceng, whose courtesy name was Gongfu, came from the Yan region. Because of Ceng's prominence, both his grandfather Shouzheng and his father De were posthumously ennobled as Dukes of Anding. From childhood Ceng loved study and could commit several thousand characters to memory each day. In Zhongtong 4 (1263), on the recommendation of Wang E, Grand Preceptor of the Hanlin Academy, he was appointed clerk of the Secretariat's left three departments and, after three promotions, rose to secretary in the Central Secretariat. In Zhiyuan 10 (1273), having passed the cumulative examinations, he was made chief administrator of the Yunnan regional secretariat and granted a silver tally. After a time he was promoted to vice director. In year 15 he was transferred to associate commissioner of the pacification commission for the left and right two rivers of western Guangnan. The next year he was appointed prefect of Nanyang. The subordinate prefectures of Tang and Deng had been absorbed by Xiangyang; Ceng checked the gazetteers and national regulations, reported the case, and jurisdiction was restored as before. At the end of the Song Nanyang had been a border district where mulberry groves were not yet established, yet the annual tax was levied in silk, which greatly burdened the people; Ceng petitioned to substitute cloth, to their relief.
2
十七年，朝廷以安南世子陳日烜不就徵，選曾使其國。 召見，賜三珠金虎符、貂裘一襲，進兵部尚書，與禮部尚書柴椿偕行。 至安南，語秘不傳。 明年，日烜遣其叔遺愛，奉表從曾入獻方物。 帝封遺愛為安南國王，賜幣帛，遣歸。 二十一年，除曾湖南宣慰司副使。 居三年，以疾去。 二十九年，改淮西宣慰司副使，復以親老辭。 召至京師，入見內殿，有旨令曾再使安南，授吏部尚書，賜三珠金虎符、襲衣、乘馬、弓矢、器幣，以禮部郎中陳孚為副。 十二月，改授淮安路總管而行。 三十年正月，至安南。 其國有三門：中曰陽明，左曰日新，右曰雲會，陪臣郊迎，將由日新門入。 曾大怒曰：「奉詔不由中門，是我辱君命也。」 即回館，既而請開雲會門入，曾复執不可，始自陽明門迎詔入。 又責日燇親出迎詔，且講新朝尚右之禮。 以書往復者三次，具宣布天子威德，而風其君入朝。 世子陳日燇大感服，三月，令其國相陶子奇等從曾詣闕請罪，並上萬壽頌、金冊表章、方物，而以黃金器幣奇物遺曾為贐，曾不受，以還諸陶子奇。 八月，還京師，入見，進所與陳日燇往復議事書。 帝大悅，解衣賜之，且令坐地上，右丞阿里意不然，帝怒曰：「梁曾兩使外國，以口舌息兵戈，爾何敢爾！」 是日，有親王至自和林，帝命酌酒，先賜曾，謂親王曰：「汝所辦者汝事，梁曾所辦，吾與汝之事，汝勿以為後也。」 復於便殿賜酒饌，留宿禁中，語安南事，至二鼓方出。 明日，陶子奇等見詔，陳其方物象、鸚鵡於庭，而命曾引所獻象。 曾以袖引之，象隨曾轉，如素馴者，復命引他像，亦然。 帝以曾為福人，且問曰：「汝亦懼否？」 對曰：「雖懼，君命不敢違。」 帝稱善。 或讒曾受安南賂者，帝以問曾，曾對曰：「安南以黃金器幣奇物遺臣，臣不受，以屬陶子奇矣。」 帝曰：「苟受之，何不可也！」 尋賜白金一錠、金幣二； 敕中書以使安南三珠金虎符與之。 仍乘傳之任淮安。 到官，興學校，厲風俗，河南行省事有疑者，皆委曾議之。
In year 17, because the Annamese crown prince Chen Rixuan had not obeyed the imperial summons, the court chose Ceng to serve as envoy to Annam. Summoned to audience, he received a three-pearl gold tiger tally and a sable robe, was promoted to Minister of War, and set out with Minister of Rites Chai Chun. What was said in Annam was kept confidential and not recorded. The next year Rixuan sent his uncle Yi'ai, who presented a memorial and accompanied Ceng to court with tribute. The emperor enfeoffed Yi'ai as king of Annam, granted silks and fabrics, and sent him home. In year 21 Ceng was appointed vice commissioner of the Hunan pacification commission. After three years he resigned because of illness. In year 29 he was transferred to vice commissioner of the Huai-West pacification commission but again declined, citing his elderly parents. Called to the capital, he was received in the inner palace and ordered to return to Annam; he was made Minister of Personnel and given a three-pearl gold tiger tally, court dress, horses, bow and arrows, and ritual gifts, with Chen Fu of the Ministry of Rites as his deputy. In the twelfth month he was reassigned as route administrator of Huai'an and set out on the mission. In the first month of year 30 he arrived in Annam. The kingdom had three gates—the central Yangming, the left Rixin, and the right Yunhui—and courtiers met him in the suburbs intending to bring him in through Rixin. Ceng said angrily, "To carry an imperial mandate and not enter by the central gate would be to disgrace my sovereign's command." He returned to the lodge at once; when they later asked to admit him through Yunhui, he again refused, and only then did they receive the edict through Yangming. He also demanded that Chen Rideng come out in person to receive the edict and explained the new court's protocol of honoring the right. Three rounds of letters passed between them as he proclaimed the emperor's majesty and urged their ruler to attend court. The crown prince Chen Rideng was deeply impressed; in the third month he sent his chancellor Tao Ziqi and others with Ceng to court to plead guilty, presenting a longevity hymn, a golden-book memorial, and tribute, and also offered Ceng gold vessels, currency, and curios as farewell gifts, which Ceng refused and returned to Tao Ziqi. In the eighth month he returned to the capital, was received in audience, and submitted the correspondence exchanged with Chen Rideng. The emperor was delighted, gave him his own robe, and had him sit on the floor; Right Chancellor Ari objected, and the emperor said angrily, "Liang Ceng has twice gone abroad and stilled war with words alone—how dare you!" That day a prince arrived from Karakorum; the emperor ordered wine and gave it first to Ceng, telling the prince, "What you have done is your business; what Liang Ceng has done is my business with you—do not rank yourself ahead of him." He was again feasted in the side hall, lodged overnight in the palace, and talked of Annam until the second watch before he left. The next day Tao Ziqi and others were received; their tribute, elephants, and parrots were shown in the courtyard, and the emperor ordered Ceng to lead the elephants they had presented. Ceng led them by his sleeve, and the elephants turned with him as if long trained; when told to lead the others, they did the same. The emperor took Ceng for a man of good fortune and asked, "Were you afraid as well?" He answered, "I was afraid, but I did not dare disobey my sovereign's command." The emperor commended him. Some accused Ceng of taking bribes from Annam; when the emperor asked him, Ceng said, "Annam gave me gold vessels, currency, and curios; I refused them and returned them to Tao Ziqi." The emperor said, "If you had accepted them, what harm would there be!" He was soon given one ingot of white gold and two gold coins; and the Secretariat was ordered to confer on him the three-pearl gold tiger tally for missions to Annam. He still traveled by relay post to take up office at Huai'an. In office he promoted schools and improved local customs; whenever the Henan regional secretariat had doubtful matters, they were all referred to Ceng.
3
皇慶元年，仁宗以曾前朝舊臣，特授昭文館大學士、資德大夫。 累章乞致仕，不允，復起為集賢侍講學士。 國有大政，必命曾與諸老議之。 延祐元年，奉詔代祀中岳等神。 還至汴梁，以病不復職，寓居淮南，杜門不通賓客，惟日以書史自娛。 至治二年卒，年八十一。 卒之前十日，有大星隕於所居，流光燭地，人皆異之。
In Huangqing 1 (1312), Emperor Renzong, treating Ceng as a veteran of the prior reign, specially made him Grand Academician of the Zhaowen Hall and Grand Master of Virtuous Merit. He repeatedly asked to retire but was refused and was recalled as Attending Lecturer of the Hall of Gathered Worthies. Whenever the state faced major policy, Ceng was always summoned to consult with the senior ministers. In Yanyou 1 (1314) he was ordered to perform proxy sacrifices to the Central Peak and other spirits. Returning to Bianliang, he did not resume office because of illness, lived in Huainan, shut his door to visitors, and passed his days only with books and histories. He died in Zhizhi 2 (1322) at the age of eighty-one. Ten days before his death a great star fell at his dwelling; its light lit the ground, and everyone took it as an omen.
4
○劉敏中
○ Liu Minzhong
5
劉敏中，字端甫，濟南章丘人。 幼卓異不凡，年十三，語其父景石曰：「昔賢足於學而不求知，豐於功而不自炫，此後人所弗逮也。」 父奇之。 鄉先生杜仁傑愛其文，亟稱之。 敏中嘗與同儕各言其志，曰：「自幼至老，相見而無愧色，乃吾志也。」
Liu Minzhong, whose courtesy name was Duanfu, came from Zhangqiu in Jinan. As a boy he was remarkably gifted; at thirteen he told his father Jingshi, "The sages of old were learned enough not to parade their knowledge and accomplished enough not to boast—later men cannot match that." His father was astonished. The local scholar Du Renjie admired his writing and praised him often. Once, when he and his companions each stated their ambitions, Minzhong said, "My ambition is to meet others from youth to old age without shame."
6
至元十一年，由中書掾擢兵部主事，拜監察御史。 權臣桑哥秉政，敏中劾其奸邪，不報，遂辭職歸其鄉。 既而起為御史臺都事。 時同官王約以言去，敏中杜門稱疾。 台臣請視事，敏中曰：「使約無罪而被劾，吾固不當出； 誠有罪耶，則我既為同僚，又為交友，不能諫止，亦不無過也。」 出為燕南肅政廉訪副使，入為國子司業，遷翰林直學士，兼國子祭酒。 大德七年，詔遣宣撫使巡行諸道，敏中出使遼東、山北諸郡，守令恃貴幸暴橫者，一繩以法； 錦州雨水為災，輒發廩賑之。 除東平路總管，擢陝西行台治書侍御史。 九年，召為集賢學士，商議中書省事。 上疏陳十事，曰整朝綱，省庶政，進善良，剔姦蠹，顯公道，杜私門，廣恩澤，實鈔法，嚴武備，舉封贈。 成宗崩，奸臣希中旨，贊其邪謀，敏中援禮力爭之。 武宗即位，召敏中至上京，庶政多所更定，授集賢學士、皇太子贊善，仍商議中書省事，賜金幣有加。 頃之，拜河南行省參知政事，俄改治書侍御史，出為淮西肅政廉訪使，轉山東宣慰使，遂召為翰林學士承旨。 詔公卿集議弭災之道，敏中疏列七事，帝嘉納焉。 以疾還鄉里。
In Zhiyuan 11 (1274) he rose from Secretariat secretary to director in the Ministry of War and was appointed investigating censor. When the powerful minister Sangge dominated the government, Minzhong impeached him for corruption; when nothing came of it, he resigned and went home. Soon afterward he was recalled as director of the Censorate. At that time his colleague Wang Yue had been driven out for speaking up; Minzhong shut his door and pleaded illness. When censorate colleagues urged him to return to duty, Minzhong said, "If Yue was innocent yet impeached, I certainly should not appear; if he was guilty, then as both his colleague and his friend I failed to stop him and am not without fault either." He was sent out as vice commissioner of the Yan-South integrity commission, recalled as vice director of the Directorate of Education, promoted to Hanlin direct academician, and also made chancellor of the Directorate of Education. In Dade 7 (1303) pacification commissioners were sent to tour the circuits; Minzhong toured Liaodong and Shanbei, and every magistrate who relied on patronage to act violently was prosecuted; when rain and flood struck Jinzhou, he opened the granaries at once for relief. He was made route administrator of Dongping, then promoted to attending secretary and investigating censor on the Shaanxi branch secretariat. In year 9 he was summoned as academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies to deliberate on Secretariat affairs. He memorialized ten proposals: restore court discipline, streamline routine administration, promote the worthy, purge corruption, uphold public justice, shut private factions, extend imperial grace, stabilize paper currency, strengthen defenses, and revive posthumous honors. After Emperor Chengzong died, scheming ministers courted the throne's wishes and backed a wicked plot; Minzhong cited ritual and fought it fiercely. When Emperor Wuzong acceded, Minzhong was called to the Upper Capital; many policies were revised; he was made academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies and tutor to the heir apparent, still deliberating on Secretariat affairs, with extra gifts of gold and coins. Soon he was made vice administrator of the Henan regional secretariat, then attending secretary and investigating censor, then commissioner of the Huai-West integrity office, then Shandong pacification commissioner, and finally summoned as Hanlin grand preceptor. When the court ordered the ministers to discuss how to avert calamity, Minzhong listed seven measures, which the emperor praised and adopted. He returned home because of illness.
7
敏中平生，身不懷幣，口不論錢； 義不苟進，進必有所匡救，援據今古，雍容不迫。 每以時事為憂，或鬱而弗伸，則戚形於色，中夜嘆息，至淚濕枕席。 為文辭，理備辭明，有《中庵集》二十五卷。 延祐五年卒，年七十六。 贈光祿大夫、柱國，追封齊國公，諡文簡。
Throughout his life Minzhong carried no money on his person and never spoke of wealth; he would not advance office without principle, and whenever he did advance he sought to remedy wrongs, citing past and present with calm assurance. He constantly worried over public affairs; when thwarted, sorrow showed on his face, and at midnight he would sigh until his pillow was wet with tears. His writings were lucid and well reasoned; he left the Collected Works of the Central Hermitage in twenty-five juan. He died in Yanyou 5 (1318) at the age of seventy-six. He was posthumously made Grand Master of Splendid Happiness and Pillar of the State, enfeoffed as Duke of Qi, with the posthumous title Wénjiǎn (Cultured and Simple).
8
○王約
○ Wang Yue
9
王約，字彥博，其先汴人，祖通，北徙真定。 約性穎悟，風格不凡。 從中丞魏初遊，博覽經史，工文辭，務達國體，時好不以動其心。 至元十三年，翰林學士王磐薦為從事，承旨火魯火孫以司徒開府，奏授從仕郎、翰林國史院編修官，兼司徒府掾。 既而辟掾中書，除禮部主事。 二十四年，拜監察御史，授承務郎。 首請建儲及修史事。 時丞相桑哥銜參政郭佑為中丞時奏誅右丞盧世榮等，故誣以他罪，約上章直佑冤。 按治成都鹽運使王鼎不法，罷官除名。 轉御史臺都事。 南台侍御史程文海入言事，多斥桑哥罪。 桑哥怒，又以約與之表裡，六奏殺之，上不從。 約以隴西地遠，請立行台陝西，詔從之。 出賑河間饑民，均核有方，全活甚眾。
Wang Yue, whose courtesy name was Yanbo, was descended from Bian; his grandfather Tong moved north to Zhending. Yue was quick-witted and of uncommon bearing. He studied under Vice Censor-in-Chief Wei Chu, read widely in the classics and histories, wrote well, and sought to grasp statecraft; fashionable tastes did not sway him. In Zhiyuan 13 (1276), Hanlin academician Wang Pan recommended him; when Grand Preceptor Huoluohuosun opened the Minister of Works bureau, Yue was appointed attendant gentleman and compiler in the Hanlin National History Institute, also serving as secretary in that bureau. Soon he was recruited to the Secretariat and made director in the Ministry of Rites. In year 24 he was appointed investigating censor with the rank of gentleman for court service. He was the first to petition for designating an heir and compiling the dynastic histories. Chancellor Sangge still resented Vice Administrator Guo You for having, as censor-in-chief, urged the execution of Right Chancellor Lu Shirong and others, and now framed him on other charges; Yue memorialized to clear Guo's name. He prosecuted Wang Ding, salt transport commissioner of Chengdu, for misconduct, stripped him of office, and erased his name from the rolls. He was transferred to director of the Censorate. Southern Branch attending censor Cheng Wenhai came to court and spoke at length against Sangge's crimes. Sangge was furious and, believing Yue was Cheng's ally, six times memorialized for his execution; the emperor refused. Because Longxi was remote, Yue petitioned to establish a Shaanxi branch secretariat, and the edict approved it. Sent to relieve famine in Hejian, he distributed relief fairly and saved a great many lives.
10
三十一年，遷中書右司員外郎。 四月，成宗即位，言二十二事，曰實京師，放差稅，開獵禁，蠲逋負，賑窮獨，停冗役，禁鷹房，振風憲，除宿蠹，慰遠方，卻貢獻，詢利病，利農民，勵學校，立義倉，核稅戶，重名爵，明賞罰，擇守令，汰官屬，定律令，革兩司。 又請中書去繁文，一取信於行省，一責成於六部。 調兵部郎中，改禮部郎中。 請行贈諡之典以旌忠勳，付時政記於史館以備纂錄，立供需府以專供億，皆從而行之。 拜翰林直學士、知制誥同修國史。 奉詔賑京畿東道饑民，發米五十萬石，所活五十餘萬人。 因條疏京東利病十事，請發米續賑之，中書用其言，民獲以蘇。
In year 31 he was transferred to vice director of the Secretariat's right department. In the fourth month, when Emperor Chengzong acceded, he proposed twenty-two reforms: strengthen the capital, reduce miscellaneous taxes, ease hunting bans, remit arrears, aid the destitute, halt redundant labor, curb the falconry offices, invigorate the censorate, purge entrenched corruption, reassure distant regions, cut excessive tribute, inquire into public welfare, aid farmers, promote schools, establish charity granaries, verify tax households, honor titles, clarify rewards and punishments, choose capable local officials, trim redundant staff, codify laws, and reform the two secretariat departments. He also asked the Secretariat to cut red tape, rely on the regional secretariats for one class of matters, and hold the six ministries accountable for another. He was transferred to bureau director in the Ministry of War, then made bureau director in the Ministry of Rites. He petitioned to revive posthumous honors for loyal service, to lodge current-policy records in the History Institute for compilation, and to establish a supply office for provisioning—all of which were adopted. He was appointed Hanlin direct academician, drafter of imperial edicts, and concurrent compiler of the national history. By imperial order he relieved famine in the eastern capital region, issued five hundred thousand shi of grain, and saved more than five hundred thousand lives. He then memorialized ten measures concerning welfare and hardship in the eastern capital region and asked for more grain for relief; the Secretariat adopted his proposal, and the people recovered.
11
高麗王昛年老，傳國子謜，有不安其政者，飛讒離間，及謜朝京師，潛使人賂用事者，留謜不遣。 昛復位，乃委用小人，厚斂淫刑，國人群訴於朝。 中書令執其首惡，系刑部，其黨復不悛，奏屬約驗問。 約至，宣布明詔，而諭之曰：「天地間至親者父子，至重者君臣。 彼小人知自利，寧肯為汝家國地耶！」 昛感泣，謝曰：「臣年耄，聽信憸邪，是以致此，今聞命矣。 願奉表自雪，且請子謜還國，其小人黨與，悉聽使者治。」 翼日，約逮捕覆按其罪，流二十二人，杖三人，黜有官者二人。 命故臣洪子籓為相，俾更弊政，罷非道水驛十三，免耽羅貢非土產物，東民大喜。 還報，稱旨，除太常少卿。
King Wang Chon of Goryeo was elderly and had passed the throne to his son Wang Jeon; malcontents spread slander, and when Jeon came to the capital, they secretly bribed court officials to detain him. When Chon resumed rule he relied on petty men, imposed heavy taxes and harsh punishments, and the people appealed en masse to the court. The Secretariat arrested the ringleaders and held them in the Ministry of Justice; when their faction remained unrepentant, the court assigned Yue to investigate. When Yue arrived he proclaimed the imperial edict and told them, "Between heaven and earth nothing is closer than father and son, and nothing weightier than ruler and minister. Those petty men care only for themselves—would they ever act for your house and kingdom?" Chon wept and said, "I am old; I listened to the wicked and brought this on myself—now I have heard your command. I wish to submit a memorial to clear my name and ask that my son Jeon return home; let your envoy punish the faction of petty men as he sees fit." The next day Yue arrested and tried them, exiling twenty-two, caning three, and dismissing two officials. He appointed the former minister Hong Ja-bon as chancellor to reform abuses, abolished thirteen improper courier stations, ended Tamna's tribute of non-native goods, and the eastern people rejoiced. His report pleased the throne, and he was appointed vice minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
12
尋詔約同宗正、御史讞獄京師，約辭職在清廟，帝不允。 乃閱諸獄，決二百六十六人，當死者七十二人，釋無罪者八十六人，平反吳得誠冤，嫁良家入倡女十人，杖流元旦帶刀闌入殿庭者八十人。 因議鬥毆殺人者宜減死一等，著為令。 又以浙民於行省、南台互訟不決，命約訊之。 約至杭，二十日而理，省、台無異辭。 特拜刑部尚書，以錄前功。
Soon he was ordered, with the director of the imperial clan and censors, to judge capital prison cases; Yue pleaded duties at the ancestral temple, but the emperor refused. He reviewed all prisons and decided 266 cases: 72 condemned to death, 86 released as innocent; he cleared Wu Decheng's wrongful conviction, married off ten respectable women forced into brothels, and punished 80 men who had forced their way into the palace courtyard armed on New Year's Day. He also proposed reducing the death penalty by one degree for killings in brawls, and this was enacted as law. When Zhejiang litigants could not obtain a ruling between the regional secretariat and the southern censorate, Yue was sent to investigate. Yue reached Hangzhou and settled the cases in twenty days to the satisfaction of both offices. He was specially appointed Minister of Justice in recognition of his earlier service.
13
大德十一年，仁宗至自懷州，肅清宮禁，以平章賽典赤、安西王阿難答與左丞相阿忽台潛謀為變，命刑曹按責其狀。 約曰：「在法，謀逆不必搒掠，竟當伏誅。」 由是結知仁宗。 富寧庫失金，約疑番直宿衛者盜之，未幾，果得實，庫官吏獲免。 監察御史言通州倉米三萬石，因雨而濕。 約謂必積氣所蒸，驗且堪用，釋守者罪。 宗王兄弟二人守邊，兄陰有異志，弟諫不聽，即上馬馳去，兄遣奴挾弓矢追之，弟發矢斃其奴，兄訴囚其弟，獄當死。 約慮囚曰：「兄之奴，即弟之奴，況殺之有故。」 立釋之。 遷禮部尚書，請定丁憂之制，申旌表之恩，免都城煤炭之徵，皆從之。 京民王氏，仕江南而歿，有遺腹子，其女育之，年十六，乃訴其姊匿貲若干，有司責之急。 約視其牘曰：「無父之子，育之成人，且不絕王氏祀，姊之恩居多。 誠利其貲，寧育之至今日耶！」 改前議而斥之。 柴氏初無子，命張氏子後，既得己子，張出為僧，柴之子又歿，僧乃訟家產，詔約詰之。 約問曰：「汝出家，既分承汝師衣缽，又何為得柴氏業乎？」 僧不能答，遂歸柴氏應後者。
In Dade 11 (1307), when Emperor Renzong arrived from Huai Prefecture and purged the palace, Grand Councillor Saidu, Prince of Anxi Ananda, and Left Chancellor Ahutai were found to have plotted rebellion, and the penal offices were ordered to investigate. Yue said, "By law, treason need not be beaten into confession—they should simply be executed." From this he won Renzong's trust. When the Funing treasury lost gold, Yue suspected the rotating palace guards; the thief was soon found, and the treasury officials were cleared. An investigating censor reported that 30,000 shi of grain in the Tongzhou granary had been ruined by rain. Yue said it was only surface damp from stored heat; inspection showed the grain was still usable, and the keepers were cleared. Two princely brothers guarded the frontier; the elder secretly plotted rebellion; when the younger remonstrated in vain and fled on horseback, the elder sent an armed slave in pursuit; the younger shot the slave dead; the elder had his brother imprisoned on a capital charge. Yue reviewed the case and said, "The elder's slave was also the younger's servant, and the killing was justified." He released him at once. Promoted to Minister of Rites, he petitioned to codify mourning regulations, revive commendatory honors, and abolish the capital coal tax—all were approved. A Wang family of the capital had served in Jiangnan and died, leaving a posthumous son whom his daughter raised; at sixteen the boy sued his elder sister for hiding property, and officials pressed the case hard. Yue read the petition and said, "She raised a fatherless boy to manhood and preserved the Wang line—the elder sister's kindness outweighs all. If she had wanted his money, would she have raised him to this day?" He reversed the earlier ruling and dismissed the suit. The Chai family, childless at first, adopted a Zhang heir; when they later had a son of their own, the Zhang heir became a monk; after the Chai son died the monk sued for the estate, and Yue was ordered to examine the case. Yue asked, "You left the world and inherited your master's lineage—why should you claim the Chai estate?" The monk had no reply, and the property went to the rightful Chai heir.
14
至大二年正月，上武宗尊號及冊皇后，凡典禮儀注，約悉總之如製。 仁宗在東宮，雅知約名，思用以自輔，擢太子詹事丞。 從幸五台山，約諫不可久留，即日還上京。 初，安西王封於秦，既以謀逆誅，國除，版賦入詹事院。 至是，大臣奏請封其子，復國。 仁宗以問，約曰：「安西以何罪誅？ 今復之，何以懲將來！」 議遂寢。 明年，進太子副詹事，約抗章諫節飲，辭意懇切，仁宗嘉納焉。 承製立左衛率府，統侍衛軍萬人，同列欲署軍官，約持不可，眾難之曰：「東宮非樞密使耶？」 約曰：「詹事，東宮官也，預樞密事可乎？」 仁宗復召問約，對曰：「皇太子事，不敢不為； 天子事，不敢為。」 仁宗悟，竟罷議。 同列复傳命增立右衛率府，取河南蒙古軍萬人統之。 約屏人語曰：「左衛率府，舊制有之，今置右府何為？ 諸公宜深思之，不可累儲宮也。」 又命取安西兵器，給宿衛士。 約謂詹事完澤曰：「詹事移文數千里取兵器，人必驚疑。 主上聞之，奈何？」 完澤色慚曰：「實慮不及此。」 又命福建取繡工童男女六人。 約言曰：「福建去京師六七千里，使人父子兄弟相離，有司承風動擾，豈美事耶！」 仁宗止之，稱善再三。 家令薛居敬上言陝西分地五事，因被命往理之，約不為署行，語之曰：「太子，潛龍也。 當勿用之時，為飛龍之事可乎？」 遂止。 薦翰林學士李謙為太子少傅，請立故丞相淮安忠武王伯顏祠於杭，皆從之。
In the first month of Zhida 2 (1309), when Wuzong's honorific title was elevated and the empress installed, Yue directed all ritual protocols according to regulation. While Renzong was heir apparent he had long known Yue's reputation and wished him as an adviser, promoting him to vice director of the heir's household. On the tour to Mount Wutai, Yue urged that they not linger long, and they returned to the Upper Capital the same day. Earlier the Prince of Anxi had been enfeoffed in Qin; after his execution for treason the principality was abolished and its revenues went to the heir's household. Now ministers memorialized to enfeoff his son and restore the principality. Renzong asked Yue, who said, "For what crime was the Prince of Anxi executed? If we restore it now, how will we warn those who come after?" The proposal was dropped. The next year he was made vice grand mentor of the heir; Yue memorialized against excessive drinking in earnest terms, and Renzong praised and accepted it. By imperial order the Left Guard Command was established with ten thousand guardsmen; colleagues wanted to appoint army officers, but Yue objected; they protested, "Is the Eastern Palace not the Bureau of Military Affairs?" Yue said, "The grand mentor is an Eastern Palace office—how can it take on Bureau of Military Affairs duties?" Renzong questioned him again; Yue replied, "Matters of the crown prince I dare not neglect; matters of the Son of Heaven I dare not undertake." Renzong understood and dropped the proposal. Colleagues again ordered establishment of a Right Guard Command with ten thousand Henan Mongol troops. Yue spoke privately: "The Left Guard Command is an old institution—why add a right command now? You gentlemen should think carefully—you must not burden the heir's establishment." They also ordered weapons taken from Anxi for the palace guards. Yue told Grand Mentor Wanze, "If the heir's office sends orders thousands of li for weapons, people will be alarmed. What will the sovereign think when he hears of it?" Wanze said abashed, "I truly had not thought of that." They also ordered six boy and girl embroidery artisans brought from Fujian. Yue said, "Fujian is six or seven thousand li away—this would tear families apart and set officials stirring up trouble—how can that be right?" Renzong stopped the order and praised him repeatedly. Household Director Xue Jujing memorialized on five Shaanxi land disputes and was ordered to settle them; Yue refused to authorize the mission and said, "The crown prince is a hidden dragon. Before his time has come, can he do the deeds of a soaring dragon?" The mission was halted. He recommended Hanlin academician Li Qian as junior tutor to the heir and petitioned for a shrine to the former chancellor Bayan, Loyal and Martial King of Huai'an, at Hangzhou—all were approved.
15
仁宗以詹事院諸事循軌，大喜，面賜犀帶，力辭； 又賜江南所取書籍，亦辭。 仁宗常字而不名，諭群臣曰：「事未經王彥博議者，勿啟。」 又謂中丞朵曰：「在詹事而不求賜予者，惟彥博與汝二人耳。」 一日，仁宗西園觀角抵戲，有旨取繒帛賜之。 約入，遙見問曰：「汝何為來？」 仁宗遽止之。 又欲觀俳戲，事已集而約至，即命罷去，其見敬禮如此。 四年三月，仁宗正位宸極，欲用陰陽家言，即位光天殿，即東宮也。 約言於太保曲樞曰：「正名定分，當禦大內。」 太保入奏，遂即位於大明殿。 中書奏約陝西行省參知政事，帝大怒，特拜河南行省右丞。 約陛辭，帝賜卮酒及弓矢。
Renzong was delighted that the heir's household ran properly, personally gave him a rhinoceros-horn belt, which Yue firmly declined; he also declined books brought from Jiangnan. Renzong often called him by his style rather than his name and told the ministers, "Do not bring forward any matter that Wang Yanbo has not reviewed." He also told Censor-in-Chief Duo Na, "Of those in the heir's office who seek no gifts, only Yanbo and you are such." One day Renzong watched wrestling in the Western Garden and ordered silks for the performers. When Yue entered, Renzong saw him from afar and asked, "Why have you come?" Renzong stopped him at once. When he wished to watch comic plays and Yue arrived just as they were ready, he ordered them dismissed at once—such was the respect he showed him. In the third month of year 4 Renzong took the throne; following geomancers' advice he meant to be enthroned in the Hall of Radiant Heaven, which was the Eastern Palace. Yue told Grand Guardian Qu Shu, "To set names and ranks aright, the enthronement should be in the Great Inner Palace." Qu Shu reported this, and the enthronement was held in the Hall of Great Brightness. When the Secretariat proposed him as vice administrator of Shaanxi, the emperor was angry and instead specially appointed him right chancellor of Henan. As Yue took leave, the emperor gave him wine, a bow, and arrows.
16
先是，至大間尚書省用建言者，冒獻河、汴官民地為無主，奏立田糧府，歲輸數万石，是歲詔罷之，竄建言人於海外，命河南行省复其舊業。 行省方並緣為奸，田猶未給。 約至，立期檄郡縣，厘正如詔。 會詔更銅錢銀鈔法，且令天下稅，盡收至大鈔。 約度河南歲用鈔七萬錠，必致上供不給，乃下諸州，凡至大、至元鈔相半。 眾以方詔命為言，約曰：「吾豈不知，第歲終諸事不集，責亦匪輕。」 丞相卜憐吉台讚之曰：「善。」 遣使白中書，省臣大悅，遂遍行天下。 南陽孛術魯衝以書謁約，大奇之，即署為郡學正。 既又薦之中書，擢翰林國史院編修官。
Earlier, during the Zhida reign the Ministry of Revenue had used a memorialist who falsely declared Yellow River and Bian lands ownerless, set up a field-tax office yielding tens of thousands of shi yearly; that year the office was abolished, the memorialist banished overseas, and Henan was ordered to restore the original holdings. The regional secretariat was still corruptly obstructing return of the land. When Yue arrived he set deadlines and ordered the prefectures and counties to restore holdings exactly as the edict required. An edict then revised copper cash and paper currency and ordered all taxes collected in Zhida notes. Yue calculated that Henan needed seventy thousand ingots yearly and that full Zhida collection would leave tribute short; he ordered the prefectures to accept Zhida and Zhiyuan notes in equal halves. When others cited the recent edict, Yue said, "I know—but if year-end targets are not met, the blame will be heavy." Chancellor Bulqinjang praised him, saying, "Well done." He reported to the Secretariat; the ministers were delighted, and the policy was adopted empire-wide. Beshbaluq Chong of Nanyang presented a letter to Yue, who was greatly impressed and appointed him rectifier of the prefectural school. He later recommended him to the Secretariat, and Chong was made compiler in the Hanlin National History Institute.
17
皇慶改元元日，詔中書省曰：「汴省王右丞可即召之。」 約以三月一日至，召見，慰勞，特拜集賢大學士，推恩三世，贈諡樹碑。 約首奏：「河南行省丞相卜憐吉台，勳閥舊臣，不宜久外。」 召至，封河南王。 約又建議行封贈、禁服色、興科舉。 皆著為令甲。 上疏薦國子博士姚登孫、應奉翰林文字揭傒斯、成都儒士楊靜，請起復中山知府致仕輔惟良、前尚書參議李源、左司員外郎曹元用，皆除擢有差。 辯奏故左丞竇履有遺腹子棄外，宜收養歸宗，為竇氏後。
On New Year's Day of the Huangqing era change, an edict to the Secretariat said, "Summon Right Chancellor Wang of Bian at once." Yue arrived on the first day of the third month, was received and commended, specially made Grand Academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies, with honors extended three generations and posthumous titles and steles granted. Yue's first memorial said, "Chancellor Bulqinjang of Henan, a veteran of meritorious lineage, should not long remain in the provinces." He was summoned and enfeoffed as Prince of Henan. Yue also proposed reviving posthumous honors, restricting garment colors, and restoring the civil service examinations. All were enacted as binding statutes. He recommended National University doctor Yao Dengsun, Hanlin attendant document drafter Jie Xisi, and Chengdu scholar Yang Jing; he also asked to recall retired Zhongshan prefect Fu Weiliang, former participating secretary Li Yuan, and left department vice director Cao Yuanyong—all were appointed in due rank. He argued that former Left Chancellor Dou Lü's posthumous son, cast out, should be taken in and restored as heir to the Dou line.
18
延祐二年，丞相帖木迭兒專政，奏遣大臣分道奉使宣撫，命約巡行燕南山東道。 約至衛輝，有毆母置獄者，其母泣訴，言老妾惟此一息，死則一門絕矣。 約原其情，杖一百而遣之。 冠州民有兄訐其弟厭詛者，讞之，則曰：「我求嗣也。」 索《授時曆》驗其日良信，乃立縱之使還。 拜樞密副使，視事，明日召見賜酒，帝謂左右曰：「人言彥博老病，朕今見之，精力尚強，可堪大任也。」 是夕，知院駙馬塔失帖木兒宿衛，帝戒之曰：「彥博非汝友，宜師事之。」
In Yanyou 2 (1315), when Chancellor Temür dominated the government, great ministers were sent as pacification envoys on separate routes; Yue was ordered to tour Yan-South and Shandong. At Weihui a man was imprisoned for beating his mother; she wept and pleaded that she had only this one son and the family line would end if he died. Yue showed mercy, gave him a hundred strokes, and sent him home. In Guan Prefecture an elder brother accused his younger brother of casting a curse; when questioned the younger said, "I was seeking an heir." He checked the Season-Granting Calendar and found the date correct, then released him at once. Appointed vice commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs, he took office; summoned the next day and given wine, the emperor told his attendants, "People say Yanbo is old and ill, but I see his vigor is still strong and he can bear great responsibility." That evening Court Director and imperial son-in-law Tas Temür was on night guard; the emperor warned him, "Yanbo is not your friend—you should treat him as your teacher."
19
至治元年，英宗即位，帖木迭兒復相，約辭職不出。 二年，以年七十致仕。 三年，丞相拜住一新政務，尊禮老臣，傳詔起約，復拜集賢大學士，商議中書省事，以其祿居家，每日一至中書省議事，至治之政，多所參酌。 又嘗奉詔與中書省官及他舊臣，條定國初以來律令，名曰《大元通制》，頒行天下。 朝廷議罷征東省，立三韓省，制式如他省，詔下中書雜議，約對曰：「高麗去京師四千里，地瘠民貧，夷俗雜尚，非中原比，萬一梗化，疲力治之，非幸事也，不如守祖宗舊制。」 丞相稱善，奏罷議不行。 高麗人聞之，圖公像歸，祠而事之，曰：「不絕國祀者，王公也。」 泰定元年，奉詔廷策天下士，第八剌、張益等八十五人，始增乙科員額至一十五人。
In Zhizhi 1 (1321), when Emperor Yingzong acceded, Temür returned as chancellor; Yue resigned and stayed home. In year 2, at seventy, he retired. In year 3 Chancellor Bayiju reformed the government, honored veteran ministers, and recalled Yue as Grand Academician of the Hall of Gathered Worthies to advise on Secretariat affairs; living at home on his salary, he came daily to deliberate, and Zhizhi policy owed much to him. He also helped codify laws since the founding of the dynasty into the Comprehensive Regulations of the Great Yuan, promulgated empire-wide. When the court debated abolishing the Eastern Campaign Secretariat and creating a Three Han province like the others, Yue replied, "Goryeo lies four thousand li from the capital, its land is poor and its customs unlike the Central Plains; if it resisted, pacification would exhaust us—better keep the ancestral arrangement." The chancellor approved, and the proposal was dropped. Goryeo people heard of it, brought his portrait home, and worshipped him, saying, "Lord Wang preserved our state's rites." In Taiding 1 (1324) he conducted the palace examination; Balha, Zhang Yi, and eighty-five others passed, and the second-class quota was raised to fifteen for the first time.
20
天曆元年，文宗踐祚，約入賀，賜宴大明殿，帝勞問甚歡。 時年七十有七，平居襟度和粹，謙抑自持，後進謁見，必加禮貌； 俸祿所入，布散姻族，外及貧士； 從父居貧，月奉錢米饋餚膳，事之如父； 歲時朔望，攜子姓至先塋，殿拜懷戀，謹時祭及五祀，動稽古禮，邦人以為矜式。 至順四年二月己酉卒，年八十二，皇太后聞之嗟悼，以尚醖二尊，遣徽政院臣臨吊致奠，敕中書省以下賻贈有差。 是月庚申，葬城西岡子原。
In Tianli 1 (1328), when Emperor Wenzong acceded, Yue came to congratulate, was feasted in the Hall of Great Brightness, and received a warm audience. He was then seventy-seven, of harmonious and humble bearing; junior scholars who called on him always received courtesy; his salary he gave to kin and poor scholars alike; his uncle lived in poverty, and each month he supplied money, grain, and meals, treating him like a father; at festivals and on the new and full moon he led his sons and kin to the ancestral graves, observed the seasonal and five rites according to ancient precedent, and the district took him as a model. He died on the jiyou day of the second month of Zhishun 4 (1333) at eighty-two; the empress dowager grieved, sent two jars of imperial wine, dispatched a Palace Domestic Service officer to mourn him, and ordered graded funeral gifts from the Secretariat down. On the gengshen day of that month he was buried on Gangzi Plain west of the city.
21
約平生著作，有《史論》三十卷、《高麗志》四卷、《潛丘稿》三十卷，行於世。 子思誠，奉議大夫、秘書監著作郎。
His writings included Historical Discourses in thirty juan, Record of Goryeo in four juan, and Drafts from Hidden Mound in thirty juan. His son Sicheng was grand master for discussion and compiler in the Directorate of Archives.
22
○王結
○ Wang Jie
23
王結，字儀伯，易州定興人。 祖逖勤，以質子軍從太祖西征，娶阿魯渾氏，自西域徙戍秦隴，又徙中山，家焉。 結生而聰穎，讀書數行俱下，終身不忘。 嘗從太史董樸受經，深於性命道德之蘊，故其措之事業，見之文章，皆悉有所本。 憲使王仁見之，曰「公輔器也。」 年二十餘，遊京師，上執政書，陳時政八事，曰：立經筵以養君德，行仁政以結民心，育英材以備貢舉，擇守令以正銓衡，敬賢士以厲名節，革冗官以正職制，辨章程以定民志，務農桑以厚民生。 其言剴切純正，皆治國之大經大法，宰相不能盡用之。 時仁宗在潛邸，或薦結充宿衛，乃集歷代君臣行事善惡可為鑑戒者，日陳於前，仁宗嘉納焉。 武宗即位，以仁宗為皇太子。 大德十一年，命置東宮官屬，以結為典牧太監，階太中大夫。 近侍以俳優進，結言：「昔唐莊宗好此，卒致禍敗，殿下方育德春宮，視聽宜謹。」 仁宗優納之。
Wang Jie, whose courtesy name was Yibo, came from Dingxing in Yi Prefecture. His grandfather Diqin followed Taizu west with the hostage army, married a woman of the Arhun clan, moved from the Western Regions to garrison Qin-Long, then to Zhongshan, where the family settled. Jie was clever from birth, read several lines at a glance, and never forgot what he learned. He studied under Grand Astrologer Dong Pu and mastered the foundations of moral philosophy, so his public service and writings were always grounded. Censor Wang Ren saw him and said, "He has the makings of a chief minister." In his twenties he went to the capital and memorialized eight reforms: establish the classics lecture, practice humane government, cultivate talent for examinations, choose good local officials, honor the worthy, cut redundant offices, clarify regulations, and promote agriculture. His words were incisive and sound, all fundamental principles of statecraft, though the chancellor could not adopt them fully. When Renzong was still heir apparent, Jie was recommended as a night guard; he collected historical examples of good and bad conduct for daily instruction, which Renzong welcomed. When Wuzong acceded he made Renzong crown prince. In Dade 11 (1307) the Eastern Palace staff was established; Jie was made director of the imperial herds with the rank of grand master of palace counsel. When attendants presented comic actors, Jie said, "Tang Zhuangzong loved such entertainment and came to ruin; Your Highness is cultivating virtue in the Eastern Palace and should be careful what you see and hear." Renzong graciously accepted his advice.
24
至治二年，參議中書省事。 時拜住為丞相，結言：「為相之道，當正己以正君，正君以正天下； 除惡不可猶豫，猶豫恐生它變； 服用不可奢僭，奢僭則害及於身。」 丞相是其言。 未幾，除吏部尚書，薦名士宋本、韓鏞等十餘人。 泰定元年春，廷試進士，以結充讀卷官。 遷集賢侍讀學士、中奉大夫。 會有月食、地震、烈風之異，結昌言於朝曰：「今朝廷君子小人混淆，刑政不明，官賞太濫，故陰陽錯謬。 咎徵薦臻，宜修政事，以弭天變。」 是歲，詔結知經筵，扈從上都。 結援引古訓，證時政之失，冀帝有所感悟。 中宮聞之，亦召結等進講，結以故事辭。 明年，除浙西廉訪使，中途以疾還。 歲餘，拜遼陽行省參知政事。 遼東大水，穀價翔踴，結請於朝，發粟數万石，以賑饑民。 召拜刑部尚書。
In Zhizhi 2 (1322) he became participating secretary for Secretariat affairs. When Bayiju was chancellor, Jie said, "The way of a chancellor is to rectify oneself to rectify the ruler, and rectify the ruler to rectify the world; in removing evil one must not hesitate, lest worse follow; and dress and consumption must not be extravagant, for extravagance brings harm to oneself." The chancellor agreed. Soon he was made Minister of Personnel and recommended more than ten scholars including Song Ben and Han Yong. In the spring of Taiding 1 he served as reader of papers at the jinshi palace examination. He was made attending reader of the Hall of Gathered Worthies with the rank of grand master for court audience. When lunar eclipse, earthquake, and violent winds occurred, Jie spoke boldly at court: "Gentlemen and petty men are mixed, justice is unclear, and rewards are too lavish—hence heaven and earth are disordered. Warnings keep coming; the government must reform to appease heaven." That year he was appointed to direct the classics lecture and accompanied the court to the Upper Capital. Jie cited ancient teachings to show current policy's failings, hoping to move the emperor. The empress heard of it and summoned him to lecture as well; Jie declined on grounds of precedent. The next year he was made commissioner of the Zhe-West integrity office but returned mid-journey because of illness. After a year he was made vice administrator of the Liaoyang regional secretariat. When great floods struck Liaodong and grain prices soared, Jie petitioned the court to issue tens of thousands of shi of grain for relief. He was summoned and made Minister of Justice.
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天曆元年，文宗即位，拜陝西行省參知政事，改同知儲慶司事。 二年，拜中書參知政事，入謝光天殿，以親老辭，帝曰：「忠孝能兩全乎？」 是時迎立明宗於朔方，明宗命文宗居皇太子位，於是遣大臣奉寶北迓。 近侍有求除拜賞賚者，結曰：「俟天子至議之。」 初，上都之變，失皇太子寶，更鑄新寶，近侍請視舊制宜加大，結曰：「此寶當傳儲嗣，不敢逾舊制也。」 或致人於死，而籍其妻孥貲產者，結复論之。 近侍益怒，譖詆日甚，遂罷政。 又命為集賢侍讀學士，丁內艱，不起。
In Tianli 1, when Wenzong acceded, he was made vice administrator of Shaanxi, then associate director of the Office for Stored Blessings. In year 2 he was made participating administrator of the Secretariat; thanking the emperor in the Hall of Radiant Heaven, he pleaded aged parents; the emperor asked, "Can loyalty and filial piety both be fulfilled?" At that time Mingzong was welcomed in the north and ordered Wenzong to remain as crown prince; ministers were sent north with the imperial seal to meet him. When attendants sought appointments and rewards, Jie said, "Wait until the emperor arrives to decide." After the Upper Capital turmoil the crown prince's seal was lost and a new one cast; attendants wanted it enlarged; Jie said, "This seal passes to the heir—we must not exceed the old standard." When some caused deaths and seized families' property, Jie again objected. Attendants grew angrier and slandered him daily until he was removed from office. He was again appointed attending reader of the Hall of Gathered Worthies but did not take office while mourning his mother.
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結立言制行，皆法古人，故相張珪曰：「王結非聖賢之書不讀，非仁義之言不談。」 識者以為名言。 晚邃於《易》，著《易說》一卷，臨川吳澄讀而善之。 及卒，公卿唁於朝，士大夫吊於家，曰：「正人亡矣。」 四年五月，詔贈資政大夫、河南江北等處行中書省右丞、護軍，追封太原郡公，諡文忠。 有詩文十五卷行於世。
Jie's words and conduct followed the ancients; Chancellor Zhang Gui said, "Wang Jie reads only the sages and speaks only of benevolence and righteousness." Connoisseurs took this as a famous judgment. In later years he mastered the Changes, wrote Exposition of the Changes in one juan, which Wu Cheng of Linchuan praised. At his death officials condoled at court and scholars mourned at home, saying, "The upright man is gone." In the fifth month of year 4 he was posthumously made grand master of governance, right chancellor of the Henan and Jiangbei secretariat, and defender of the army, enfeoffed as Duke of Taiyuan with the posthumous title Wénzhōng (Cultured and Loyal). His poetry and prose in fifteen juan circulated widely.
27
○宋
○ Song Dao
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宋，字弘道，潞州長子人，金兵部員外郎元吉之孫。 善記誦，年十七，避地襄陽，已而北歸，屏居河內者十有五年。 趙璧經略河南，聞其名，禮聘之。 中統三年，擢翰林修撰。 李璮畔，璧行中書省事於濟南，至元五年，大兵守襄陽，璧行元帥府事，皆從焉，軍事多所諮訪。 六年，高麗權臣林衍廢其國王，而立其弟溫，詔遣國王頭輦哥暨璧將兵討之，以為行省員外郎，持詔徙江華島居民於平壤。 復命，慰勞良厚，仍賜衣段，授河南路總管府判官，不赴。 十三年，入為太常少卿，屬省官制行，兼領籍田署事。 十六年，太子以耆德召見，應對詳雅，大愜睿旨，自是數蒙召問，侍講經幄，開諭為多。 十八年，除秘書監。 十九年，江西分地當署郡邑守令，皆命銓舉。 二十年，初立詹事院，首命為太子賓客。 每燕見，優賜容接，多所錫賚。 二十三年卒，有《秬山集》十卷行於世。
Song Dao, whose courtesy name was Hongdao, came from Changzi in Lu Prefecture and was grandson of Yuan Ji, vice director of the Jin Ministry of War. Dao had a remarkable memory; at seventeen he fled to Xiangyang, later returned north, and lived in seclusion in Henei for fifteen years. Zhao Bi, administering Henan, heard of him and engaged him with full ceremony. In Zhongtong 3 (1262) he was promoted to Hanlin compiler. When Li Tan rebelled, Bi handled Secretariat affairs at Jinan; in Zhiyuan 5 (1268), when the main army besieged Xiangyang, Bi ran the marshal's bureau and Dao accompanied him, consulted often on military matters. In year 6 the Goryeo regent Im Yon deposed the king and installed his brother On; T'al-ch'on-go and Bi were sent with troops, and Dao as branch secretariat vice director carried the edict relocating Ganghwa Islanders to Pyongyang. On his return he was richly rewarded and offered judge of the Henan route administration, but declined. In year 13 he became vice minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and, when the new provincial bureaucracy took effect, also directed the ceremonial fields office. In year 16 the crown prince summoned him for his learning; his replies pleased the prince, who thereafter called on him often to lecture in the classics curtain. In year 18 he was made director of archives. In year 19 he was ordered to select magistrates for the Jiangxi territorial allotment. In year 20, when the heir's household was first established, Dao was made the crown prince's guest of honor. At each audience he was graciously received and richly rewarded. He died in year 23; his Collected Works of Jushan in ten juan circulated widely.
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○張伯淳
○ Zhang Bochun
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張伯淳，字師道，杭州崇德人。 少舉童子科，以父任銓受迪功郎、淮陰尉，改揚州司戶參軍，尋舉進士，監臨安府都稅院，升觀察推官，除太學錄，入本朝。 至元二十三年，授杭州路儒學教授，遷浙東道按察司知事。 二十八年，擢為福建廉訪司知事。 歲餘，有薦伯淳于帝前者，遣使召問。 明年，入見，帝問冗官、風憲、鹽策、楮幣，皆當時大議，所對悉稱旨，命至政事堂，將重用之，固辭，遂授翰林直學士，進階奉訓大夫，謁告以歸。 授慶元路總管府治中，行省檄按疑獄衢、秀，皆得其情。 大德四年，即家拜翰林侍講學士。 明年，造朝，扈從上都。 又明年卒。 有文集若干卷，藏於家。
Zhang Bochun, whose courtesy name was Shidao, came from Chongde in Hangzhou. As a youth he passed the juvenile examination; through his father's office he became diligent merit gentleman and Huaiyin assistant magistrate, then Yangzhou revenue attache; he passed the jinshi, supervised Lin'an's tax office, became investigating judge and imperial university recorder, then entered the Yuan. In Zhiyuan 23 (1286) he was made professor of the Hangzhou route Confucian school, then director of the Zhedong surveillance commission. In year 28 he was promoted to director of the Fujian integrity commission. After a year he was recommended to the emperor and summoned for questioning. The next year he was received; asked about redundant officials, the censorate, salt policy, and paper currency, he answered to the emperor's satisfaction; ordered to the Secretariat for heavy employment, he declined and was made Hanlin direct academician with the rank of grand master for court instruction, then took leave to go home. Appointed administrative assistant of the Qingyuan route administration, he was ordered to investigate doubtful cases in Qu and Xiu and judged them all correctly. In Dade 4 (1300) he was appointed Hanlin attending lecturer while at home. The next year he came to court and accompanied the entourage to the Upper Capital. The year after that he died. A collected literary works in several juan was kept by his family.