1
賀胜，仁杰子也，字貞卿，一字舉安，小字伯顏，以小字行。 嘗從許衡學，通經傳大義。 年十六，入宿衛，凝重寡言，世祖甚器重之。 大臣有密奏，輒屏左右，獨留勝，許聽之。 出則參乘輿，入則侍帷幄，非休沐不得至家。 至元二十四年，乃顏叛，帝親征，勝直武帳中，雖親王不得輒至。 勝傳旨飭諸將，詰旦合戰，還侍帝側，矢交帳前，勝立侍不動。 乃顏既敗，帝還都，乘輿夜行，足苦寒，勝解衣，以身溫之。 帝一日獵還，勝參乘，伶人蒙採毳作獅子舞以迎駕，輿象驚，奔逸不可製，勝投身當象前，後至者斷靷縱象，乘輿乃安。 勝退，創甚，帝親撫之，遣尚醫、尚食視護。 拜集賢學士，領太史院事，詔賜一品服。 盧世榮、桑哥秉政，勢焰熏灼，勝父仁傑留守上都，不肯為之下，桑哥欲陰中之，累數十奏，帝皆不聽。
He Sheng was a son of He Renjie. His courtesy name was Zhenqing; he also used Ju'an as an alternate courtesy name. His childhood name was Bayan, and he was commonly known by that name. He had studied under Xu Heng and gained a thorough understanding of the core meaning of the Classics. At sixteen he joined the imperial bodyguard. Grave and sparing of speech, he won the deep esteem of Kublai Khan. Whenever a minister brought a confidential report, the emperor would send everyone else away and keep only Sheng, allowing him to hear it. When the emperor went out, he rode in the carriage beside him; when at court, he waited on him in the inner chambers. He could not go home except on his allotted rest days. In 1287, when Nayan rebelled, the emperor led the campaign in person. Sheng stayed in the military headquarters throughout, and even princes were not allowed to approach without permission. Sheng carried the emperor's orders to the generals. At dawn the armies engaged; when he returned to the emperor's side, arrows were flying before the tent, yet he stood at attendance without flinching. After Nayan's defeat, as the emperor made the night journey back to the capital, his feet grew bitterly cold. Sheng took off his own clothes and warmed them against his body. Once, returning from a hunt with Sheng in the carriage, entertainers in feathered costumes performed a lion dance to greet the procession. The carriage elephants panicked and ran out of control. Sheng threw himself in front of them; men arriving behind cut the harness traces and freed the elephants, and the imperial carriage was brought to safety. When Sheng withdrew, badly wounded, the emperor comforted him in person and sent the chief physicians and provisioners to care for him. He was appointed Academician of the Hall of Encouraging Literature and put in charge of the Directorate of Astronomy, and by imperial edict was granted first-rank court robes. Under Lu Shirong and Sangge, who wielded power with intimidating force, Sheng's father Renjie, serving as governor of Shangdu, refused to bow to them. Sangge tried to destroy him in secret, filing dozens of accusations, but the emperor paid no heed.
2
至元二十八年，桑哥敗，罷尚書省，政歸中書。 帝問誰可相者，胜對曰：「天下公論，皆屬完澤。」 遂相完澤，而以勝參知政事。 三十年，僉樞密院事，遷大都護。 大德九年，勝父仁傑請老，以勝代為上都留守，兼本路都總管、開平府尹、虎賁親軍都指揮使。 既至，通商賈，抑豪縱，出納有法，裁量有度，供億不匱，民賴以安。 諸權貴子弟奴隸有暴橫驕縱者，悉繩以法。 至大三年，進光祿大夫、左丞相，行上都留守，兼本路總管府達魯花赤。 尋又加開府儀同三司、上柱國。 奉聖州民高氏，籍虎賁，以貲雄鄉里，身死子幼。 有達官利其財，使其部曲強娶高氏婦。 勝白帝，斥之，高氏以全。 歲大饑，輒發倉廩賑民，乃自劾待罪。 帝報曰：「祖宗以上都之民付卿父子，欲安之也。 卿能如此，朕復何憂，卿其視事。」 民德之，為立祠上都西門外。 帝聞之，復命工寫其像以賜，俾傳示子孫。 未幾，以足疾請老，不許，曰：「卿臥護足矣。」 賜小車，出入禁闥。
In 1291, Sangge fell from power, the Secretariat was abolished, and governance reverted to the Central Secretariat. When the emperor asked who should serve as chief minister, Sheng replied, "By general consensus throughout the empire, Wanzhe is the choice." Wanzhe was duly appointed chief minister, and Sheng was made Assistant Administrator of the Secretariat. In 1293 he was appointed to the Bureau of Military Affairs and promoted to Defender of the Great Capital. In 1305, when Sheng's father Renjie retired, Sheng succeeded him as Governor of Shangdu, simultaneously serving as Chief Administrator of the circuit, Magistrate of Kaiping Prefecture, and Commander-in-Chief of the Tiger Guard. Once in office, he encouraged trade, checked the powerful, and restrained the lawless. He kept accounts properly, exercised measured judgment in supplies, and never let provisions run short. The people lived in security under his rule. Any sons or slaves of the powerful who were violent or arrogant were brought to justice. In 1310 he was promoted to Grand Master for Glorious Blessing and Left Chief Minister, serving as Acting Governor of Shangdu and concurrently as Darughachi of the circuit administration. Shortly thereafter he was further granted the title of Grand Preceptor with Honored Ceremony Equal to the Three Dukes and Senior Pillar of State. A Gao family of Fengshengzhou, enrolled in the Tiger Guard, dominated their locality through wealth. The husband died leaving a young son. A high official coveted their property and had his retainers forcibly take the widowed Gao woman in marriage. Sheng reported the matter to the emperor, who condemned the official, and the Gao family was spared. During a year of severe famine, he opened the granaries to feed the people, then filed a confession accepting punishment. The emperor replied, "Our ancestors entrusted the people of Shangdu to you and your father so that they might live in peace. If you act in this way, what have I to worry about? Carry on in your office." Grateful, the people erected a shrine to him outside the west gate of Shangdu. Learning of this, the emperor ordered a painted portrait made and conferred it on him, so that it could be passed down to his descendants. Not long after, he asked to retire on account of a foot ailment. The request was denied. The emperor said, "It is enough that you guard the city from your bed." He was granted a small carriage and allowed to pass in and out of the Forbidden Gates.
3
初，開平人張弼，家富。 弼死，其奴索錢民家，弗得，毆負錢者至死。 有治其獄者，教奴引弼子，並下之獄。 丞相鐵木迭兒受其賂六萬緡，終不為直。 勝素惡鐵木迭兒貪暴，居同巷，不與往來。 聞弼事，以語御史中丞楊朵兒只。 楊朵兒只以語監察御史玉龍帖木兒、徐元素。 遂劾奏丞相，逮治其左右，得所賂事實以聞。 帝亦素惡鐵木迭兒，欲誅之。 鐵木迭兒走匿太后宮中，太后為言，僅奪其印綬而罷之。 及英宗即位，在諒暗中，鐵木迭兒遂復出據相位，乃執楊朵兒隻及中書平章政事蕭拜住，同日戮於市。 且復誣勝乘賜車迎詔，不敬，並殺之。 勝死之日，百姓爭持紙錢，哭於屍傍甚哀。 泰定初，詔雪其冤，贈推忠宣力保德功臣、太傅、開府儀同三司、上柱國，追封秦國公，諡惠愍。 至正三年，加贈推忠亮節同德翊戴功臣、太師、開府儀同三司、上柱國，追封涇陽王，改諡忠宣。
Earlier, there was a wealthy man named Zhang Bi of Kaiping. After Bi's death, his slave went to a commoner's home to collect a debt. When the man could not pay, the slave beat him to death. The official handling the case coached the slave to implicate Bi's son, and both were imprisoned. Chief Minister Temüder accepted a bribe of sixty thousand strings of cash and ultimately failed to see justice done. Sheng had long despised Temüder for his greed and cruelty. Though they lived on the same lane, Sheng refused any contact with him. When he learned of the Bi case, he brought it to the Censor-in-Chief Yang Duoerzhi. Yang Duoerzhi in turn informed the Investigating Censors Yulong Temür and Xu Yuansu. They then memorialized against the chief minister, arrested and interrogated his associates, established the facts of the bribery, and reported them to the throne. The emperor had likewise long hated Temüder and wished to put him to death. Temüder fled and hid in the empress dowager's palace. She pleaded for him, and he was merely stripped of rank and dismissed. When Emperor Yingzong came to the throne, Temüder reappeared during the mourning period and reclaimed the chief ministership. He then had Yang Duoerzhi and Assistant Administrator Xiao Baizhu arrested and executed in the market on the same day. He also framed Sheng on the charge of disrespect for failing to receive an edict properly while riding in the granted carriage, and had him killed too. On the day Sheng died, common people crowded forward with paper money to mourn him, weeping beside his body in deep grief. Early in the Taiding reign, an edict cleared his wrongful conviction and posthumously granted him the titles of Merit for Extending Loyalty, Proclaiming Merit, and Preserving Virtue, Grand Preceptor, Grand Preceptor with Honored Ceremony Equal to the Three Dukes, and Senior Pillar of State. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Qin with the posthumous name Huimin. In 1343 he was further granted the titles of Merit for Extending Loyalty with Bright Integrity, Sharing Virtue and Supporting the Throne, Grand Preceptor, Grand Preceptor with Honored Ceremony Equal to the Three Dukes, and Senior Pillar of State. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Jingyang, and his posthumous name was changed to Zhongxuan.
4
子二人：惟一，開府儀同三司、中書左丞相、監修國史； 惟賢，太中大夫、同知上都留守司事。 孫均，太子詹事。
He had two sons: Weiyi, Grand Preceptor with Honored Ceremony Equal to the Three Dukes, Left Chief Minister of the Secretariat, and Supervisor of the National History; and Weixian, Grand Master for Discussion of Governance and Vice Administrator of the Shangdu Governorate. His grandson Jun served as Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent.
5
楊朵兒只
Yang Duoerzhi
6
楊朵兒只，河西寧夏人。 少孤，與其兄皆幼，即知自立，語言儀度如成人。 事仁宗於籓邸，甚見倚重。 大德丁未，從遷懷孟。 仁宗聞朝廷有變，將北還，命朵兒只與李孟先之京師，與右丞相哈剌哈孫定議，迎武宗於北籓。 仁宗還京師，朵兒只譏察禁衛，密致警備，仁宗嘉賴焉，親解所服帶以賜。 既佐定內難，仁宗居東宮，論功以為太中大夫、家令丞，日夕侍側，雖休沐不至家，眾敬憚之。 會兄卒，涕泣不勝哀，仁宗憐之，存問優厚。 事寡嫂有禮，待兄子不異己子，家人化之。 進正奉大夫、延慶使。 武宗聞其賢，召見之，仁宗曰：「此人誠可任大事，然剛直寡合。」 武宗顧視之，曰：「然。」
Yang Duoerzhi was a native of the Hexi and Ningxia region. Orphaned in youth, he and his elder brother were still very young, yet he already knew how to stand on his own. In speech and bearing he seemed fully grown. He entered the service of the future Emperor Renzong while the latter was still a prince, and was deeply trusted. In 1307 he followed the prince in the move to Huai-Meng. When Renzong learned of upheaval at court and prepared to return north, he sent Duoerzhi and Li Meng ahead to the capital to confer with Right Chief Minister Qarghasun on welcoming Wuzong from the northern frontier. When Renzong returned to the capital, Duoerzhi inspected the palace guard and quietly strengthened security. Renzong was deeply pleased and personally unfastened his own belt to give him. After helping resolve the internal crisis, Renzong, then in the Eastern Palace, rewarded him with the posts of Grand Master for Discussion of Governance and Director of the Household. He attended day and night at the prince's side and did not go home even on rest days. All looked on him with respect and awe. When his elder brother died, he wept in uncontrollable grief. Renzong took pity on him and treated him with especial kindness. He treated his widowed sister-in-law with proper respect and cared for his brother's son as if he were his own. The household followed his example. He was promoted to Grand Master for Proper Service and Commissioner of the Yanqing Office. When Wuzong heard of his talent and summoned him, Renzong said, "This man is truly fit for great responsibilities, but he is rigidly upright and makes few allies." Wuzong looked him over and said, "That is so.
7
仁宗始總大政，執誤國者，將盡按誅之，朵兒只曰：「為政而尚殺，非帝王治也。」 帝感其言，特誅其尤者，民大悅服。 帝他日與中書平章李孟論元從人材，孟以朵兒只為第一，帝然之，拜禮部尚書。 初，尚書省改作至大銀鈔，視中統一當其二十五，又鑄銅為至大錢，至是議罷之。 朵兒只曰：「法有便否，不當視立法之人為廢置。 銀鈔固當廢，銅錢與楮幣相權而用之，昔之道也。 國無棄寶，民無失利，錢未可遽廢也。」 言雖不盡用，時論是之。 遷宣徽副使，御史請遷為台官，帝以宣徽膳用，素不會計，特以委之，未之許也。 有言近臣受賄者，帝怒其非所當言，將誅之，時張珪為御史中丞，叩頭諫，不聽。 朵兒只言於帝曰：「誅告者失刑，違諫者失誼。 世無諍臣久矣，張珪真中丞也。」 帝喜，竟用珪言，拜朵兒只為侍御史。 帝宴閒時，群臣侍坐者，或言笑逾度，帝見其正色，為之改容，有犯法者，雖貴幸無所容貸。 怨者因共譖之，帝知之深，譖不得行。 拜資德大夫、御史中丞。 中書平章政事張閭以妻病，謁告歸江南，奪民河渡地，朵兒只以失大體，劾罷之。 江東、西奉使斡來不稱職，權臣匿其奸，冀不問，朵兒只劾而杖之，斡來愧死。 御史納璘言事忤旨，帝怒叵測，朵兒只救之，一日至八九奏，曰：「臣非愛納璘，誠不願陛下有殺御史之名。」 帝曰：「為卿宥之，可左遷為昌平令。」 昌平，畿內劇縣，欲以是困納璘。 朵兒只又言曰：「以御史宰京邑，無不可者。 但以言事而得左遷，恐後之來者用是為戒，不肯復言矣。」 帝不允。 後數日，帝讀《貞觀政要》，朵兒只侍側，帝顧謂曰：「魏徵古之遺直也，朕安得用之。」 對曰：「直由太宗，太宗不聽，徵雖直，將焉用之。」 帝笑曰：「卿意在納璘耶？ 當赦之，以成爾直名也。」 有上書論朝政闕失，面觸宰相，宰相怒，將取旨殺之。 朵兒只曰：「詔書云：言雖不當，無罪。 今若此，何以示信天下！ 果誅之，臣亦負其職矣。」 帝悟，釋之。 於是特加昭文館大學士、榮祿大夫，以獎其直言。
When Renzong first assumed full authority, he seized those who had harmed the state and was about to execute them all. Duoerzhi said, "Governance that puts killing first is not the way of an emperor." Moved by his words, the emperor executed only the worst offenders, and the people greatly approved. On another day the emperor discussed with Assistant Administrator Li Meng the talents of his original followers. Li Meng ranked Duoerzhi first; the emperor agreed and appointed him Minister of Rites. Earlier the Secretariat had issued Zhida silver notes, each worth twenty-five Zhongtong notes, and had also cast Zhida copper coins. Now there was discussion of abolishing both. Duoerzhi said, "Laws may or may not be useful; one should not abolish or keep them merely because of who made them. The silver notes ought indeed to be abolished, but using copper coins and paper currency together as mutual measures of value is the old way. The state should not squander useful currency, nor should the people suffer loss. The coins should not be abolished hastily." Not all of his advice was followed, but opinion at the time approved it. He was transferred to Vice Commissioner of the Office of Imperial Household Provisions. Censors asked that he be moved to the Censorate, but the emperor said that office handled imperial provisions and had never been skilled at accounting, and had specially entrusted it to Duoerzhi; he did not grant the request. When someone reported that a close associate had taken bribes, the emperor was angry at the impropriety of the accusation and was about to execute the accuser. Zhang Gui was then Censor-in-Chief; he kowtowed in remonstrance, but the emperor would not listen. Duoerzhi told the emperor, "To execute the accuser is a failure of justice; to reject remonstrance is a failure of propriety. The world has lacked outspoken ministers for a long time. Zhang Gui is a true censor-in-chief." Pleased, the emperor ultimately followed Zhang Gui's advice and appointed Duoerzhi Investigating Censor. At imperial banquets, when ministers sitting in attendance grew too boisterous in speech or laughter, the emperor would straighten himself upon seeing Duoerzhi's stern face. When anyone violated the law, even the privileged found no leniency. Resentful men therefore joined in slandering him, but the emperor knew him well, and their slanders failed. He was appointed Virtuous Grand Master and Censor-in-Chief. Assistant Administrator Zhang Lu, claiming his wife's illness, took leave to return to Jiangnan and seized land used for a ferry crossing. Duoerzhi impeached him for conduct unbecoming his rank and had him removed. Wolai, commissioner to Jiangdong and Jiangxi, was incompetent. A powerful minister hid his misconduct, hoping to shield him from inquiry. Duoerzhi impeached him and had him beaten; Wolai died of shame. When Censor Nalin spoke against the emperor's wishes, the emperor's anger was beyond measure. Duoerzhi pleaded for him, filing eight or nine memorials in a single day. He said, "I do not speak for Nalin's sake; I simply do not wish Your Majesty to bear the name of one who kills censors." The emperor said, "For your sake I will pardon him, but demote him to Magistrate of Changping." Changping was a demanding county within the capital region; the intent was to wear Nalin down with the assignment. Duoerzhi said again, "There is nothing improper in a censor administering a capital county. But if he is demoted for speaking out, I fear those who come after will take it as a warning and refuse to speak again." The emperor would not agree. A few days later, as the emperor read the Essentials of Government of the Zhenguan Reign with Duoerzhi in attendance, he turned and said, "Wei Zheng was one of antiquity's faithful outspoken men. Where can I find such a person today?" He replied, "Outspokenness depends on the ruler. If Taizong had not listened, however outspoken Wei Zheng might have been, of what use would he have been?" The emperor smiled and said, "You have Nalin in mind, do you not? He shall be pardoned, so that your reputation for outspokenness may be complete." When someone submitted a memorial on faults in court governance and openly offended the chief minister, the minister grew angry and was about to obtain an edict for his execution. Duoerzhi said, "The edict states that even when one's words are inappropriate, there is no crime. If matters are handled this way, how can the throne show good faith to the empire? If he is executed, I too will have failed in my duty." The emperor saw the point and released the man. He was then specially promoted to Grand Academician of the Hall for the Spread of Culture and Grand Master for Glorious Blessing in reward for his outspokenness.
8
時位一品者，多乘間邀王爵、贈先世。 或謂朵兒只眷倚方重，苟言之，當可得也，朵兒只曰：「家世寒微，幸際遇至此，已懼弗稱，尚敢求多乎！ 且我為之，何以風厲僥倖者！」 遷中政院使。 未幾，復為中丞，遷集賢大學士，為權臣鐵木迭兒所害而死，年四十二。
At that time many first-rank officials seized opportunities to seek princely titles and posthumous honors for their ancestors. Someone told him that, given his heavy favor at court, he could surely obtain such honors if he asked. Duoerzhi said, "My family was humble; I am fortunate to have come this far and already fear I am unworthy. How dare I ask for more? And if I did so, how would I serve as a warning to those who count on opportunism?" He was transferred to Commissioner of the Central Administration Office. Not long after, he was again appointed Censor-in-Chief and then transferred to Grand Academician of the Hall of Encouraging Literature. He was killed by the powerful minister Temüder at the age of forty-two.
9
初，武宗崩，皇太后在興聖宮，鐵木迭兒為丞相，踰月，仁宗即位，因遂相之。 居兩歲，得罪斥罷，更自結徽政近臣，复再入相，恃勢貪虐，凶穢愈甚，中外切齒，群臣不知所為。 御史中丞蕭拜住拜中書右丞，又拜平章政事，稍牽制之。 朵兒只自侍御史拜御史中丞，慨然以糾正其罪為己任。 上都富民張弼殺人繫獄，鐵木迭兒使大奴脅留守賀伯顏出之，及強以他姦利事，不能得。 一日，坐都堂，盛怒，以官事召留守，將罪之，留守昌言：「大奴所干非法，不敢從，他實無罪。」 鐵木迭兒語詘，得解去。 朵兒只廉得其所受弼贓巨萬萬，大奴猶數千，使御史徐元素按得實，入奏。 而御史亦輦真又發其私罪二十餘事。 帝震怒，有詔逮問，鐵木迭兒逃匿，帝為不御酒數日，以待決獄，盡誅其大奴同惡數人，鐵木迭兒終不能得。 朵兒只持之急，徽政近臣以太后旨，召朵兒隻至宮門，責以違旨意者。 對曰：「待罪御史，奉行祖宗法，必得罪人，非敢違太后旨也。」 帝仁孝，恐誠出太后意，不忍重傷咈之，但罷其相位，而遷朵兒只為集賢學士。 帝猶數以台事問之，對曰：「非臣職事，臣不敢與聞。 所念者，鐵木迭兒雖去君側，反得為東宮師傅，在太子左右，恐售其姦，則禍有不可勝言者。」
Earlier, when Emperor Wuzong died, the empress dowager was at Xingsheng Palace and Temüder served as chief minister. More than a month later, when Emperor Renzong came to the throne, he retained Temüder as chief minister. After two years he gave offense and was dismissed, then cultivated allies among the close associates of the Office of Imperial Provisions and returned to the chief ministership. Relying on his power, he grew greedier and crueler. Hatred for him spread inside and outside the court, and the ministers were at a loss. The Censor-in-Chief Xiao Baizhu was appointed Right Assistant Administrator of the Secretariat and then Assistant Administrator, and began to check Temüder's conduct. Promoted from Investigating Censor to Censor-in-Chief, Duoerzhi resolutely made it his duty to bring Temüder's crimes to justice. Zhang Bi, a wealthy man of Shangdu, was imprisoned for murder. Temüder sent his chief slave to intimidate Governor He Bayan into releasing him and also tried to extort other illicit gains, but failed. One day Temüder sat in the chief minister's hall in a rage and summoned the governor on official business, intending to punish him. The governor spoke plainly: "Your chief slave's demands were illegal, and I refused them. In other matters I am guilty of nothing." Temüder was silenced and let him go. Through investigation Duoerzhi learned that Temüder had taken bribes from Bi worth tens of millions, and from the chief slave several thousand more. He had Investigating Censor Xu Yuansu establish the facts and memorialized the throne. Meanwhile Investigating Censor Yilinzhen also exposed more than twenty additional private offenses. The emperor was furious. An edict ordered Temüder arrested and interrogated, but he fled into hiding. For several days the emperor abstained from wine while awaiting the outcome of the case. Several of Temüder's chief slaves and accomplices were executed, but Temüder himself could not be found. As Duoerzhi pressed the case hard, close associates of the Office of Imperial Provisions, acting on the empress dowager's order, summoned him to the palace gate and rebuked him for defying the imperial will. He replied, "I am a censor who stands ready to accept punishment. In enforcing the laws of our ancestors I must inevitably give offense. I do not defy the empress dowager's will lightly." The emperor, filial by nature, feared that the empress dowager truly meant it and could not bear to wound her deeply. He merely removed Temüder from the chief ministership and transferred Duoerzhi to Academician of the Hall of Encouraging Literature. The emperor still repeatedly asked him about Censorate affairs. He replied, "That is no longer my duty, and I dare not involve myself. What troubles me is that although Temüder has left your side, he has become tutor in the Eastern Palace and stands at the heir apparent's elbow. I fear he will work his treachery there, and the harm will be beyond telling."
10
仁宗崩，英宗猶在東宮，鐵木迭兒復相，乃宣太后旨，召蕭拜住、朵兒隻至徽政院，與徽政使失里門、御史大夫禿忒哈雜問之，責以前違太后旨之罪。 朵兒只曰：「中丞之職，恨不即斬汝，以謝天下。 果違太后旨，汝豈有今日耶！」 鐵木迭兒又引同時為御史者二人，證成其獄。 朵兒只顧二人唾之曰：「汝等嘗得備風憲，乃為是犬彘事耶！」 坐者皆慚俯首，即起入奏。 未幾，稱旨執朵兒只，載諸國門之外，與蕭拜住俱見殺。 是日，風沙晦冥，都人洶懼，道路相視以目。
When Emperor Renzong died, Emperor Yingzong was still in the Eastern Palace. Temüder again became chief minister. Proclaiming the empress dowager's order, he summoned Xiao Baizhu and Duoerzhi to the Office of Imperial Provisions and jointly interrogated them with Commissioner Shilimen and Censor-in-Chief Tutuqa, charging them with having earlier defied the empress dowager's will. Duoerzhi said, "As censor-in-chief, I regret that I cannot behead you at once to answer to the empire. If I had truly defied the empress dowager's will, would you be standing here today?" Temüder also produced two former censors to establish the case against him. Duoerzhi turned on the two men and spat at them. "You once held posts in the Censorate," he said, "and yet you do the work of dogs and swine!" All present hung their heads in shame, then rose at once to memorialize the throne. Before long, by imperial order Duoerzhi was seized, taken outside the capital gate, and executed together with Xiao Baizhu. That day wind and sand darkened the sky. The people of the capital were terrified, exchanging fearful glances in the streets.
11
英宗即位，詔書遂加以誣罔大臣之罪。 鐵木迭兒權勢既成，毫髮之怨，無不報者，太后驚悔，而帝亦覺其所譖毀者皆先帝舊臣。 未及論治，而鐵木迭兒以病死。 會有天災，求直言，會議廷中，集賢大學士張珪、中書參議回回，皆稱蕭、楊等死甚冤，是致不雨。 聞者失色，言終不得達。 及珪拜平章，即告丞相拜住曰：「賞罰不當，枉抑不伸，不可以為治。 若蕭、楊等冤，何可不亟昭雪也！」 丞相善之，遂請於帝，詔昭雪其冤，特贈思順佐理功臣、金紫光祿大夫、司徒、上柱國、夏國公，諡襄愍。 朵兒隻死時，權臣欲奪其妻劉氏與人，劉氏剪髮毀容以自誓，乃免。 子不花。
When Emperor Yingzong came to the throne, the edict further added the charge of falsely slandering high ministers. Once Temüder's power was secure, he avenged even the smallest slight. The empress dowager was shocked and filled with regret, and the emperor came to see that those Temüder had slandered were all former ministers of the late emperor. Before he could be brought to justice, Temüder died of illness. When a natural disaster struck and the throne called for frank criticism, Grand Academician Zhang Gui and Secretariat Participant Huihui both declared at court that the deaths of Xiao, Yang, and the others were gross injustices and were the cause of the drought. Those who heard them turned pale, and their words never reached the throne. When Zhang Gui was appointed Assistant Administrator, he told Chief Minister Baizhu at once, "When rewards and punishments are wrong and wrongful suppression goes unredressed, good government is impossible. If the injustice done to Xiao, Yang, and the others is not swiftly redressed, how can we govern?" The chief minister agreed and petitioned the emperor. An edict cleared their wrongful convictions and posthumously granted the title of Merit for Reflecting Compliance and Assisting Governance, Grand Master of Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon, Minister of Works, Senior Pillar of State, and Duke of Xia, with the posthumous name Xiangmin. When Duoerzhi died, a powerful minister tried to seize his wife, Lady Liu, and give her to another man. Lady Liu cut her hair and disfigured her face in pledge, and was spared. His son was Buhua.
12
不花幼有才氣，能以禮自持，好讀書，善書。 初，仁宗聞而召之，應對稱旨，欲以為翰林直學士，力辭。 後遭家難，益自勵節為學，以廕補武備司提點，轉僉河東廉訪司事。 嘗出按部民，有殺子以誣怨者，獄成，不花讞之，曰：「以十歲兒，受十一創，且彼以斧殺怨，必盡其力，何創痕之淺，反不入膚耶！」 遂得其情，平反出之。 河東民飢，先捐己貲以賑，請未得命，即發公廩繼之，民遂賴不死。 天歷初，文宗入繼大統，除通政院判，將行，值陝西諸軍拒詔，郡邑守吏率民逃之。 不花獨率眾出禦，呼西人諭之曰：「民者，祖宗艱難所致，國家大事，何與於民。 汝等既昧逆順，又欲殘此無辜，吾有為民死爾，不汝從也。」 陣潰，遂見殺。 二僕亦見執，曰：「吾主既為國死，吾縱為人奴，今苟得生，他日何以見吾主於地下，不若死從吾主。」 欲起殺仇，仇要斬之。 至順二年，贈嘉議大夫、禮部尚書，以褒其忠。
Buhua showed talent even as a boy, conducted himself with propriety, loved reading, and was skilled in calligraphy. When Emperor Renzong heard of him and summoned him, his answers pleased the emperor, who wished to appoint him Direct Academician of the Hanlin Academy. Buhua firmly declined. After his family suffered calamity, he redoubled his devotion to learning. By hereditary privilege he was appointed Commissioner of the Armory Office, then transferred to the Hedong Surveillance Commission. Once, while touring the people under his jurisdiction, he encountered a case in which a man had killed his own son to frame an enemy. The case had already been decided. Buhua reviewed the judgment and said, "A ten-year-old boy bore eleven wounds. If the killer had used an axe on his enemy, he would surely have struck with full force. Why are the wounds so shallow that they barely pierce the flesh?" He thereby uncovered the truth, reversed the verdict, and released the innocent man. When the people of Hedong faced famine, he first donated his own funds for relief. Before official permission arrived, he opened the public granaries as well, and the people were saved from starvation. At the beginning of the Tianli reign, when Emperor Wenzong came to the throne, Buhua was appointed Vice Director of the Transmission Office. As he was about to depart, the armies of Shaanxi refused the imperial edict, and local officials fled with the people. Buhua alone led his men out to resist. Addressing the western troops, he said, "The people were won by our ancestors through hardship. What have the great affairs of state to do with them? You no longer know loyalty from rebellion, and now you would destroy these innocent people. I am willing to die for the people. I will not follow you." His line broke, and he was killed. Two servants were also captured. They said, "Our master has already died for the state. Even if we became slaves and survived, how could we face him in the afterlife? Better to die and follow him." They tried to rise and kill their captors, who had them beheaded. In 1331 he was posthumously granted the titles of Grand Master for Exemplary Counsel and Minister of Rites in recognition of his loyalty.
13
○蕭拜住
Xiao Baizhu
14
蕭拜住，契丹石抹氏也。 曾祖醜奴，有膂力，善騎射，識見明敏，仕金為古北口屯戍千戶。 歲庚午，國兵南下，金將招燈必舍遁，醜奴於暮夜潛領兵三千人力戰，不克，矢中其胸，遂開關，遣使納降。 太祖命醜奴襲招燈必舍，追及平、灤，降之。 因攻取平、灤、檀、順、深、冀等州，及昌平紅螺、平頂諸寨，又兩敗金兵於邦君甸，授檀州軍民元帥。 太祖方西征，醜奴驛送竹箭弓弩弦各一萬，擢檀順昌平萬戶，仍管打捕鷹房人匠，卒於官。 後追封順國公，諡忠毅。 弟老瓦，始以楊城漁寨來降，為醜奴弟充質子，多立戰功，襲檀州。 節度使言安以水柵未下，陰誘湯河川人叛去，老瓦追之不克，死焉。 醜奴子青山，中統元年襲萬戶。 至元十一年，從丞相伯顏平宋。 還，授湖北提刑按察使。 追封順國公，諡武定。 青山子哈剌帖木兒，少事裕宗於東宮，典宿衛，仕為檀州知州。 追封順國公，諡康惠。
Xiao Baizhu belonged to the Shimo clan of the Khitan. His great-grandfather Chounu was powerfully built, skilled in mounted archery, and clear-sighted. He served the Jin as Garrison Commander of the Thousand Households at Gubeikou. In 1210, when the Mongol army marched south, the Jin general Zhaodeng Bishe fled. Chounu secretly led three thousand men into battle by night but could not prevail. Struck in the chest by an arrow, he opened the pass and sent envoys to surrender. Genghis Khan ordered Chounu to pursue Zhaodeng Bishe. Overtaking him at Ping and Luan, Chounu forced his surrender. He then captured the prefectures of Ping, Luan, Tan, Shun, Shen, and Ji, along with the stockades of Hongluo and Pingding in Changping, and twice defeated Jin forces at Bangjundian. He was appointed Military and Civil Commander of Tanzhou. While Genghis Khan was on campaign in the west, Chounu sent ten thousand each of bamboo arrows, bows, and bowstrings by relay post. He was promoted to Commander of the Ten Thousand Households of Tan, Shun, and Changping, still overseeing hunting falconers and artisans, and died in office. He was later posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Shunguo with the posthumous name Zhongyi. His younger brother Laowa first surrendered from the Yangcheng Fishing Stockade. As Chounu's younger brother he served as a hostage, won many military honors, and succeeded to Tanzhou. Because the water stockade had not yet fallen, Military Commissioner Yan An secretly incited the people of the Tanghe River to rebel and flee. Laowa pursued them but failed and died in the attempt. Chounu's son Qingshan succeeded to the command of ten thousand households in 1260. In 1274 he followed Chief Minister Bayan in the conquest of Song. On his return he was appointed Surveillance Commissioner of Hubei. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Shunguo with the posthumous name Wuding. Qingshan's son Qarach Temür served Prince Yu in the Eastern Palace in his youth, managed the imperial guard, and served as Prefect of Tanzhou. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Shunguo with the posthumous name Kanghui.
15
英宗即位之十有九日，右丞相鐵木迭兒怨拜住在省中牽制其所為，又發其奸贓、專制等事，遂請依皇太后旨，並前御史中丞楊朵兒只皆殺之。 帝曰：「人命至重，刑殺非輕，不宜倉卒。 二人罪狀未明，當白太后，使詳讞之，若果無冤，誅之未晚。」 竟殺之，並籍其家，語見楊朵兒隻及鐵木迭兒傳。 泰定間，贈守正佐治功臣、太保、儀同三司、柱國，追封薊國公，諡忠愍。 拜住之死，有吳仲者，潛守其屍，三日不去，竟收葬之。
On the nineteenth day of Emperor Yingzong's reign, Right Chief Minister Temüder, resenting Baizhu's checks on his conduct in the Secretariat and angered by exposures of his bribery and despotism, requested by the empress dowager's order that Baizhu and the former Censor-in-Chief Yang Duoerzhi be executed. The emperor said, "Human life is precious, and execution is no light matter. It should not be done in haste. The guilt of these two men is not yet clear. The matter should be reported to the empress dowager and thoroughly investigated. If they are truly innocent, execution can wait." They were killed anyway, and their households were confiscated. The full account appears in the biographies of Yang Duoerzhi and Temüder. During the Taiding reign he was posthumously granted the title of Merit for Upholding Integrity and Assisting Governance, Grand Preceptor, Grand Preceptor with Honored Ceremony Equal to the Three Dukes, and Pillar of State. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Duke of Ji with the posthumous name Zhongmin. When Baizhu died, a man named Wu Zhong secretly kept watch over his body. For three days he would not leave, and in the end he gathered and buried him.