1
世言先王沒，民無善俗。 元有天下，其教化未必古若也，而民以孝義聞者，蓋不乏焉。 豈非天理民彝之存於人心者，終不可泯歟！ 上之人苟能因其所不泯者，復加勸獎而興起之，則三代之治，亦可以漸復矣。
It is commonly said that once the ancient kings were gone, the people lost their wholesome customs. When the Yuan held the empire, its moral teaching may not have matched that of antiquity, yet men noted for filial devotion and righteous conduct were hardly rare. Surely what heaven ordains and what binds society together in the human heart can never be wholly effaced! If rulers would build on what still survived in people's hearts, encouraging and rewarding it until it flourished again, the order of the Three Dynasties might gradually be restored as well.
2
今觀史氏之所載，其事親篤孝者，則有臨江劉良臣，汴梁陳善，同官強安，沈州高守質，安豐高澤，鞏昌王欽，修武員思忠，榆縣王士寧，河南硃友諒，泉州葉森，寧陵呂德，汲縣劉淇，建昌鄭佛生，堂邑張復亨，保定邢政，寧夏趙那海，臨潼任居敬，隴西周慶、徐德興，汝寧李從善，華州要敬，色目氏沙的。 其居喪廬墓者，則有太原王構，萊州任梓，平灤王振，北京張洪範，登封王佐，下蔡許從政、張鐩，富平王賈僧，鄭州段好仁、趙璧、薛明善、張齊，汴梁韓榮、劉斌、張裕、何泰、史恪、高成、鄧孝祖、李文淵、杜天麟、張顯祖，涇陽張國祥，延安王旻，東昌張翬，永平梁訥，高唐鄭榮、劉居敬，同州趙良，南陽周郁、陳介、劉權，大同高著、江鬱、毛翔，歸德葛祥、張德成、張遜、王珪、劉弼，汲縣徐昌祖，真定宋貞、王世賢，晉寧史貴，保定耿德溫、張行一、賈秉實、張勗，河南王宗道、孫裔、夾谷天祐，趙州趙德隆，安豐王德新、石思讓、翼寧、何溥，大都王麟、李簡，華陰李寧、屈秀，懷慶侯榮、丁用、郭天一，耀州王思，中牟閻讓，曹州鄧淵、呂政，徐州胡居仁、張允中，衛輝王慶，福建硃虞龍，隨州高可燾，濟寧魏鐸，武康王子中，淮安翟諟，汶上趙恆，須城許時中，衡山歐陽誠复，江陵穆堅，蘇州王欽，定陶元顯祖，絳州姚好智，宿州孫克忠，集慶傅霖，濟南宋懷忠、牟克孝，汝寧張郁，泉州黃道賢、谷城王福，解州靖與曾，般陽戴貞，兗州王治，沔陽徐勝祖，興中石抹昌齡，峽州秦桂華，蒙古、色目氏納魯丁、赤思馬、改住、阿合馬、拜住、木八剌、玉龍帖木兒、鎖住、唐兀歹、晏只哥、李朵羅歹、塔塔思歹。 其累世同居者，則有休寧硃震雷，池州方時發，河南李福，真定杜良，華州王顯政，建寧王貴甫，句容王榮、周成，鄢陵夏全，保定成珪，開平溫義，大同王瑞之，平江湯文英，鄜州員從政，江州范士奇，涇州李子才，宿州王珍。 其散財周急者，則有河南高顏和，台州程遠大，潭州湯居恭、李孔英，建康湯大有，吉州劉如翁、嚴用父，高唐孟恭，松江管仲德、章夢賢、夏椿，江陵陳一寧，中興傅文鼎，永州唐必榮，濟南李恭，寧夏何惠月。 天子皆嘗表其門閭，或復其家。 故援《唐史》之例，具列姓名於篇端。 擇其事蹟尤彰著者，复別為之傳云。
In the historians' accounts we find, among those famed for deep devotion to their parents, Liu Liangchen of Linjiang, Chen Shan of Bianliang, Qiang An of Tongguan, Gao Shouzhi of Shenzhou, Gao Ze of Anfeng, Wang Qin of Gongchang, Yuan Sizhong of Xiuwu, Wang Shining of Yuxian, Zhu Youliang of Henan, Ye Sen of Quanzhou, Lü De of Ningling, Liu Qi of Jixian, Zheng Fosheng of Jianchang, Zhang Fuheng of Tangyi, Xing Zheng of Baoding, Zhao Nahai of Ningxia, Ren Jujing of Lintong, Zhou Qing and Xu Dexing of Longxi, Li Congshan of Runing, Yao Jing of Huazhou, and Shadi, a Semu. Among those who kept mourning huts beside their parents' graves were Wang Gou of Taiyuan, Ren Zi of Laizhou, Wang Zhen of Pingluan, Zhang Hongfan of Beijing, Wang Zuo of Dengfeng, Xu Congzheng and Zhang Jin of Xiaocai, Wang Jiaseng of Fuping, Duan Haoren, Zhao Bi, Xue Mingshan, and Zhang Qi of Zhengzhou, Han Rong, Liu Bin, Zhang Yu, He Tai, Shi Ke, Gao Cheng, Deng Xiaozu, Li Wenyuan, Du Tianlin, and Zhang Xianzu of Bianliang, Zhang Guoxiang of Jingyang, Wang Min of Yan'an, Zhang Hui of Dongchang, Liang Ne of Yongping, Zheng Rong and Liu Jujing of Gaotang, Zhao Liang of Tongzhou, Zhou Yu, Chen Jie, and Liu Quan of Nanyang, Gao Zhuo, Jiang Yu, and Mao Xiang of Datong, Ge Xiang, Zhang Decheng, Zhang Xun, Wang Gui, and Liu Bi of Guide, Xu Changzu of Jixian, Song Zhen and Wang Shixian of Zhending, Shi Gui of Jinning, Geng Dewen, Zhang Xingyi, Jia Bingshi, and Zhang Xu of Baoding, Wang Zongdao, Sun Yi, and Jiagu Tianyou of Henan, Zhao Delong of Zhaozhou, Wang Dexin, Shi Sirang, Yi Ning, and He Pu of Anfeng, Wang Lin and Li Jian of Dadu, Li Ning and Qu Xiu of Huayin, Hou Rong, Ding Yong, and Guo Tianyi of Huaiqing, Wang Si of Yaozhou, Yan Rang of Zhongmou, Deng Yuan and Lü Zheng of Caozhou, Hu Juren and Zhang Yunzhong of Xuzhou, Wang Qing of Weihui, Zhu Yulong of Fujian, Gao Ketai of Suizhou, Wei Duo of Jining, Wang Zizhong of Wukang, Zhai Shi of Huai'an, Zhao Heng of Wenshang, Xu Shizhong of Xucheng, Ouyang Chengfu of Hengshan, Mu Jian of Jiangling, Wang Qin of Suzhou, Yuan Xianzu of Dingtao, Yao Haozhi of Jiangzhou, Sun Kezhong of Xiuzhou, Fu Lin of Jiqing, Song Huaizhong and Mou Kexiao of Jinan, Zhang Yu of Runing, Huang Daoxian of Quanzhou and Wang Fu of Gucheng, Jing Yuzeng of Jiezhou, Dai Zhen of Banyang, Wang Zhi of Yanzhou, Xu Shengzu of Mianyang, Shimo Changling of Xingzhong, Qin Guihua of Xiazhou, and among Mongols and Semu people Naruddin, Chisima, Gaizhu, Ahema, Baizhu, Mubala, Yulongtiemuer, Suozhu, Tangwudai, Yanzhihe, Liduoluodai, and Tatatasidai. Among those whose families dwelt together for generations were Zhu Zhenlei of Xiuning, Fang Shifa of Chizhou, Li Fu of Henan, Du Liang of Zhending, Wang Xianzheng of Huazhou, Wang Guifu of Jianning, Wang Rong and Zhou Cheng of Jurong, Xia Quan of Yanling, Cheng Gui of Baoding, Wen Yi of Kaiping, Wang Ruizhi of Datong, Tang Wenying of Pingjiang, Yuan Congzheng of Fuzhou, Fan Shiji of Jiangzhou, Li Zicai of Jingzhou, and Wang Zhen of Suzhou. Those who gave away their property to help others in distress included Gao Yanhe of Henan, Cheng Yuanda of Taizhou, Tang Jugong and Li Kongying of Tanzhou, Tang Dayou of Jiankang, Liu Ruweng and Yan Yongfu of Jizhou, Meng Gong of Gaotang, Guan Zhongde, Zhang Mengxian, and Xia Chun of Songjiang, Chen Yining of Jiangling, Fu Wending of Zhongxing, Tang Birong of Yongzhou, Li Gong of Jinan, and He Huiyue of Ningxia. The emperor had in each case honored their households with inscribed placards at the gate, or exempted their families from service. Following the precedent set by the Tang History, their names are therefore listed in full at the opening of this chapter. Those whose deeds were especially remarkable are given separate biographies below.
3
王閏，東平須城人。 父素多資，既老，盡廢之，不甘淡薄，每食必需魚肉，閏朝夕勤苦入市，營奉無闕。 父性復乖戾，閏左右承順，甚得其歡心，鄉里稱焉。 父嘗臥疾，夜燃長明燈室中，火延籬壁間。 閏聞火聲，驚起馳救，火已熾，煙焰蔽寢戶。 閏突入火中，解衣蒙父，抱而出，肌體灼爛，而父無少傷。 一女不能救，遂焚死。 中統二年，復其役。
Wang Run was from Xucheng in Dongping. His father had been wealthy, but in old age he spent everything and refused a simple life, insisting on fish and meat at every meal. Run worked hard in the market from dawn to dusk so his father wanted for nothing. His father was difficult and irascible, yet Run humored him on every side and won his affection; neighbors spoke highly of him. Once when his father was ill, a lamp burned all night in the room until fire caught the fence and wall. Run heard the blaze, leapt up, and rushed to fight it, but the fire was already fierce and smoke and flame hid the bedchamber. He rushed into the flames, wrapped his father in his own clothes, and carried him out. His body was badly burned, but his father was unhurt. A daughter whom he could not reach perished in the fire. In the second year of Zhongtong (1261), his corvée labor was remitted.
4
郭道卿，興化莆田人。 四世祖義重至孝，宋紹興間有詔旌之，鄉里為立孝子祠。 至元初內附。 閩盜起，居人竄匿，道卿與弟佐卿獨守孝子祠不忍去，遂俱被執。 盜將殺佐卿，道卿泣告曰：「吾有兒已長，弟弱子幼，請代弟死。」 佐卿亦泣告曰：「吾家事賴兄以理，請殺我。」 道卿固引頸請刃。 盜相顧曰：「汝孝門兄弟若此，吾何忍害。」 兩釋之。
Guo Daoqing was from Putian in Xinghua. Four generations back, his ancestor Yi was famed for deep filial piety; in the Shaoxing period of the Song the court commended him and the locality built a Filial Son Shrine. At the start of the Zhiyuan era (1264) they submitted to the Yuan. When bandits rose in Fujian, neighbors fled, but Daoqing and his brother Zuoging alone stayed to guard the Filial Son Shrine and were both captured. The bandits were about to kill Zuoging. Daoqing wept and said, "I have a grown son, but my brother is young and his children are small. Kill me instead of him." Zuoging wept as well: "Our family relies on my brother to manage its affairs. Kill me." Daoqing stubbornly offered his neck to the sword. The bandits looked at one another and said, "Brothers of a house famed for filial piety like this—how could we harm you?" They released them both.
5
道卿年八十，子廷煒為建寧路平準行用庫使，辭歸侍養。 道卿嘗病疝，危甚，廷煒憂瘁扶護，一夕發盡白。 有司言狀，旌之。
When Daoqing was eighty, his son Tingwei, who served as director of the circuit treasury at Jianning, resigned to nurse him at home. Daoqing once fell gravely ill with hernia; Tingwei nursed him in anguish until his hair turned white in a single night. Officials reported the case and the court commended him.
6
蕭道壽，京兆興平人。 家貧，鬻巉以自給。 母年八十餘，道壽事養盡禮。 每旦，候母起，夫婦親侍盥櫛。 日三飯，必待母食，然後退就食。 至夕，必待母寢，然後退就寢。 出外必以告，母許乃敢出。 母或怒，欲罰之，道壽自進杖，伏地以受。 杖足，母命起，乃起。 起復再拜，謝違教，拱立左右，俟色喜乃退。 母嘗有疾，醫累歲不能療，道壽割股肉噉之而愈。 至元八年，賜羊酒，表其門。
Xiao Daoshou was from Xingping in Jingzhao. The family was poor; he sold kindling to get by. His mother was over eighty, and he cared for her with scrupulous ritual propriety. Each morning he waited for her to rise; he and his wife personally helped her wash and comb her hair. At the three daily meals he would not eat until she had finished. At night he would not retire until she had gone to sleep. Whenever he went out he told her first and would not leave without her permission. If she grew angry and meant to punish him, he brought the rod himself and lay down to receive the blows. When she told him to get up, only then did he rise. He bowed again, apologized for his fault, and stood at her side until her expression softened. Once when she was ill for years without cure, he cut flesh from his thigh for her to eat and she recovered. In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (1271) he received sheep and wine and an honorific placard at his gate.
7
郭狗狗，平陽翼城人。 父寧，為欽察先鋒使首領官，戍大良平。 宋將史太尉來攻，夜陷大良平，寧全家被俘。 史將殺寧，狗狗年五歲，告史曰：「勿殺我父，當殺我。」 史驚問寧曰：「是兒幾歲耶？」 寧曰：「五歲。」 史曰：「五歲兒能為是言，吾當全汝家。」 即以騎送寧等往合州。 道遇國兵，騎驚散，寧傢俱得還。 御史以事聞。 命旌之。
Guo Gougou was from Yicheng in Pingyang. His father Ning was a Qincha vanguard officer garrisoned at Daliangping. When the Song general Shi Taiwei attacked, he seized Daliangping by night and took the whole family captive. Shi was about to execute Ning when Gougou, aged five, said, "Do not kill my father. Kill me." Shi asked in amazement, "How old is this boy?" Ning said, "Five." Shi said, "A child of five who can say such a thing—I will spare your whole family." He sent Ning and the others toward Hezhou under escort. They met Yuan forces on the road; the escort scattered in alarm and the family made it home. The censor reported the affair. The court ordered him honored.
8
張閏，延安延長縣人，隸軍籍。 八世不異爨，家人百餘口，無間言。 日使諸女諸婦各聚一室為女功，工畢，斂貯一庫，室無私藏。 幼稚啼泣，諸母見者即抱哺。 一婦歸寧，留其子，眾婦共乳，不問孰為己兒，兒亦不知孰為己母也。 閏兄顯卒，即以家事付侄聚，聚辭曰：「叔，父行也，叔宜主之。」 閏曰：「侄，宗子也，侄宜主之。」 相讓既久，卒以付聚。 縉紳之家，自謂不如。 至元二十八年，旌表其門。
Zhang Run of Yanchang County, Yan'an, was on the military register. Eight generations cooked at one hearth; more than a hundred people lived together without quarrel. Each day the women worked in separate rooms; when finished, everything went into a common storehouse and no room kept private hoards. When a baby cried, whichever woman saw it would nurse it. One daughter-in-law visited her parents and left her child behind; all the women nursed it without asking whose it was, and the child did not know its own mother. When Run's elder brother Xian died, he handed the household to his nephew Ju. Ju declined: "You are my father's generation, uncle—you should head the family." Run said, "You are the heir of the line, nephew—you should head the family." They deferred to each other for a long time until Ju finally took charge. Gentry families admitted they could not match them. In the twenty-eighth year of Zhiyuan (1291) their gate was honored with an inscribed placard.
9
又有蕪湖芮世通，十世同居； 峽州向存義、汴梁丁煦，八世同居。 州縣請於朝，並加旌美。
There was also Rui Shitong of Wuhu, whose family dwelt together for ten generations; and Xiang Cunyi of Xiazhou and Ding Xu of Bianliang, eight generations dwelling together. Their prefectures petitioned the court and all received further commendation.
10
田改住，汶上人。 父病不能愈，禱於天，去衣臥冰上一月。
Tian Gaizhu was from Wenshang. His father fell incurably ill; he prayed to Heaven, stripped, and lay on ice for a month.
11
同縣王住兒，母病，臥冰上半月。
Wang Zhu'er of the same county lay on ice for half a month when his mother was ill.
12
寧豬狗，山丹州人。 母年七十餘，患風疾，藥餌不效，豬狗割股肉進啖，遂愈。 歲餘復作，不能行，豬狗手滌溷穢，護視甚周，造板輿載母，夫婦共舁，行園田以娛之。 後卒，居喪有禮，鄉閭稱焉。
Ning Zhugou was from Shandan Prefecture. His mother, over seventy, had a paralytic ailment uncured by medicine; he cut thigh flesh for her to eat and she recovered. A year later she relapsed and could not walk; he washed her waste himself, built a litter, and he and his wife carried her through the garden to cheer her. When she died he mourned with full propriety and neighbors praised him.
13
潭州萬戶移剌瓊子李家奴，九歲，母病，醫言不可治，李家奴割股肉，煮糜以進，病乃痊。 撫州路總管管如林、渾州民硃天祥，並以母疾刲割股，旌其家。
Li Jianu, nine-year-old son of the Tanzhou commander Yelü Qiongzi, cut thigh flesh and cooked gruel for his mother when doctors despaired; she recovered. Guan Rulin, intendant of Fuzhou Circuit, and Zhu Tianxiang, a Hunzhou commoner, likewise cut thigh flesh for ill mothers and their families were commended.
14
畢也速答立，迷里氏，家秦州。 父喪，廬墓次，晝夜悲號，有飛鳥翔集，墳土踴起。
Biye Sudali, a Mili tribesman of Qinzhou. When his father died he kept a mourning hut at the tomb, wailing day and night; birds gathered and the grave mound seemed to rise.
15
又有尹夢龍，中興人。 母喪，負土為墳，結廬居其側。 手書《孝經》千餘卷，散鄉人讀之。 有群烏集其塚樹。
There was also Yin Menglong of Zhongxing. When his mother died he piled earth for a grave and built a hut beside it. He hand-copied more than a thousand volumes of the Classic of Filial Piety for neighbors to read. A flock of crows gathered in the trees above the grave.
16
樊淵，建康句容人。 幼失父，事母篤孝。 至元十二年，奉母避兵茅山。 兵至，欲殺其母。 淵抱母號哭，以身代死，兵兩釋之。 三十年，江東廉訪使者辟為吏。 母亡，奔喪，哀感行路。 服闋，奉神主事之，起居飲食，十年如平生。 台憲交薦，淵不忍去墳墓，終不起。
Fan Yuan was from Jurong in Jiankang. He lost his father young and served his mother with devoted filial piety. In the twelfth year of Zhiyuan (1275) he brought his mother to Maoshan to flee troops. When soldiers came they meant to kill his mother. Yuan clung to her and wept, offering his own life; the soldiers spared them both. In the thirtieth year (1293) the Jiangdong surveillance commissioner took him on as a clerk. When she died he hurried home to mourn; travelers on the road were moved by his grief. After mourning he kept her spirit tablet and for ten years ate and slept as if she were still alive. Censorial offices recommended him, but he would not leave the grave and never accepted office.
17
延祐間，汀州寧化人賴祿孫，母病，值蔡五九作亂，負母從邑人避南山。 盜至，眾散走，祿孫守母不去。 盜將刃其母，祿孫以身翼蔽曰：「勿傷吾母，寧殺我。」 母渴，不得水，祿孫含唾煦之。 盜相顧駭嘆，不忍害，反取水與之。 有掠其妻去者，眾責之曰：「奈何辱孝子婦！」 使歸之。
In the Yanyou era, Lai Lusun of Ninghua in Tingzhou—when Cai Wujiu rebelled his mother was ill; he carried her on his back to South Mountain with the townspeople. When bandits came everyone fled, but Lusun would not leave his mother. They were about to strike her; he covered her with his body: "Do not hurt my mother. Kill me." She was thirsty and there was no water; he fed her moisture from his own mouth. The bandits marveled and spared them, even bringing water. Some took his wife away; the others rebuked them: "How dare you dishonor a filial man's wife!" They sent her back.
18
事聞，並賜褒表。
When officials reported the cases, all were commended.
19
劉德泉，汴梁杞縣人。 早喪母，父榮再娶王氏，生二子居敬、居元，俱幼，德泉甚撫之。 及王氏病卒，乃益相友愛。 至元末，歲饑，父欲使析居，德泉泣止不能得，乃各受其業以去。 久之，父卒，兄弟相約同爨，和好如初。
Liu Dequan was from Qi County in Bianliang. His mother died young. His father Rong remarried Lady Wang, who bore two sons, Jujing and Juyuan, still small; Dequan raised them tenderly. After Lady Wang died, the brothers grew even closer. In the famine at the end of the Yuan, their father wanted to split the household. Dequan wept and pleaded in vain; each took his share and moved out. When their father died, they agreed to live under one roof again and were as close as ever.
20
至治三年，真定硃顯，自至元間其祖父已分財。 至顯，念侄彥昉等年幼無恃，謂弟耀曰：「父子兄弟，本同一氣，可異處乎！」 乃會拜祖墓下，取分券焚之，復與同居。
In the third year of Zhizhi (1323), Zhu Xian of Zhending—his grandfather had divided the family property as early as the Zhiyuan era. When Xian grew up, seeing his nephews Yanfang and others young and helpless, he told his brother Yao, "Fathers, sons, and brothers are one body—how can we live apart?" They bowed at the ancestral grave, burned the division deeds, and moved back in together.
21
延祐間，蔚州吳思达兄弟六人，嘗以父命析居。 思达為開平縣主簿，父卒，還家。 治葬畢，會宗族，泣告其母曰：「吾兄弟別處十餘年矣，今多破產，以一母所生，忍使兄弟苦樂不均耶！」 即以家財代償其逋，更復共居。 母卒，哀毀甚。 宅後柳連理，人以為友義所感。
In the Yanyou era, Wu Sida of Weizhou and his five brothers had split the household on their father's orders. Sida served as registrar of Kaiping County; when his father died he went home. After the funeral he assembled the clan and wept before his mother: "We have lived apart more than ten years and many of us are ruined. Born of one mother, how can we let some suffer while others prosper?" He used family funds to pay their debts and they reunited under one roof. When his mother died he mourned with devastating grief. Willows behind the house grew with fused trunks; people said brotherly love had moved heaven.
22
又有硃汝諧，濮州人。 父子明嘗命與兄汝弼別產。 子明卒，汝弼家盡廢，汝諧泣請共居。 仲父子昭、子玉貧病，汝諧迎至家，奉湯藥甘旨甚謹。 後卒，喪葬盡禮。 鄉人賢之。
There was also Zhu Ruhe of Puzhou. Their father Ziming had ordered him and his elder brother Rubi to divide property. When Ziming died, Rubi was destitute; Ruhe wept and begged to live together. Uncle's sons Zizhao and Ziyu were poor and sick; Ruhe took them in and nursed them with devoted care. When they died he gave them full funeral rites. Neighbors praised his conduct.
23
州縣各以名聞，表其閭。
Prefectures and counties reported their cases and honored their households.
24
郭回，邵武人。 素貧，年六十無妻，奉母寄宿神祠中，營養甚艱。 母年九十八卒，回傭身得錢葬之。 每旦詣墳哭祭，十四年不輟。 州上狀，命給衣糧贍濟，仍表異之。
Guo Hui was from Shaowu. Poor all his life, at sixty he was unmarried; he lodged with his mother in a shrine and barely kept her fed. When his mother died at ninety-eight, he hired himself out to pay for her burial. Every morning for fourteen years he went to weep and sacrifice at her grave. The prefect reported his case; the court granted clothing and grain and singled him out for commendation.
25
孔全，亳州鹿邑人。 父成病，刲股肉噉之，愈。 後卒，居喪盡哀。 廬墓左，負土為墳，日六十肩，風雨有虧，俟霽則補之。 三年，起墳廣一畝，高三丈餘。
Kong Quan was from Luyi in Bozhou. When his father Cheng fell ill, he cut thigh flesh for him to eat and he recovered. When Cheng died he mourned with complete devotion. He kept a hut at the tomb and piled earth on the grave—sixty loads a day; after storms he repaired any damage. After three years the mound covered an acre and stood over three zhang high.
26
張子夔，安西人。 父喪，每夜半，以背負土，肘膝行地，匍匐至葬所，篩細土為墳。
Zhang Zikai was from Anxi. When his father died, each night he carried earth on his back, crawling on elbows and knees to the grave to sift fine soil onto the mound.
27
陳乞兒，歸德夏邑人。 年九歲，母喪，衣毀，親負土為墳，高一丈，廣十六步。 人憫其幼，欲助之，則泣拜而辭。
Chen Qi'er was from Xiayi in Guide. At nine, when his mother died, he wore mourning clothes and piled the grave himself—one zhang high and sixteen paces across. Neighbors offered to help, but he wept, bowed, and refused.
28
又有峨眉趙國安、解州張琛、南陽李庭瑞、息州移剌伯顏、南陽怯烈歹，皆居喪有至行，廬墓次，負土為墳。 並以有司所請，表異之。
Also Guo'an of Emei, Zhang Chen of Jiezhou, Li Tingrui of Nanyang, Yelü Bayan of Xizhou, and Qieliedai of Nanyang—all kept mourning huts at the tombs and piled earth on graves with exceptional devotion. Local offices petitioned and all were commended.
29
楊一，懷孟人。 至元間，憐其叔清家貧，密以分契詣神祠焚之，與清同居者三十年，無間言。
Yang Yi was from Huaimeng. In the Zhiyuan era, pitying his uncle Qing's poverty, he secretly burned the division deed at a shrine and lived with Qing for thirty years without quarrel.
30
張本，東昌茌平人。 篤孝，事伯父、叔父皆甚謹。 伯父嘗病，本晝夜不去側。 复載以巾車，步挽詣岱岳禱之。
Zhang Ben was from Chiping in Dongchang. Deeply filial, he cared scrupulously for his uncles. When an uncle fell ill, Ben never left his side day or night. He placed him in a covered cart and walked, pulling it to Mount Tai to pray for his recovery.
31
張慶，真定人。 善事繼母。 伯父泰異居河南，慶聞其貧，迎歸養之。 供膳豐備，過於所生。
Zhang Qing was from Zhending. He treated his stepmother with devoted care. His uncle Tai lived in Henan; learning he was poor, Qing brought him home to support him. He fed him more generously than he fed his own parents.
32
元善，大名人。 父有昆弟五人，因貧流散江淮。 久之，遂客死。 至大四年，善往尋其骸骨，並迎弟侄等一十五喪而歸，改葬祖父母，以諸喪序列祔於塋次。
Yuan Shan was from Daming. His father had five brothers who, driven by poverty, scattered across the Jianghuai region. In time they all died far from home. In the fourth year of Zhida (1311) Shan recovered their bones and brought home fifteen coffins of brothers and nephews, reburied his grandparents, and placed the rest in order at the family grave.
33
州縣以聞，並旌其家。
Prefectures reported the case and their families were commended.
34
趙毓，唐州人。 父福遷鄭之管城。 其先，三世同爨。 毓官福州司獄，滿歸，以母老不復仕。 一日，會諸弟，泣申遺訓，願世世無異處，且祝天歃血以盟。 自是大小百口，略無間言，同力合作，家道以殷。 毓長兄瑞早世，嫂劉氏守志，毓率家人事之甚恭。 次兄選繼歿，嫂王氏，毓母以其少，許歸改嫁，王氏曰：「婦無再嫁之義，願終事姑。」 毓妹贅王佑，佑亡，妹念佑母無子，乞歸硃氏養之。 人謂孝友節義，萃毓一家。 元貞初，旌之。
Zhao Yu was from Tangzhou. His father Fu moved to Guancheng in Zheng prefecture. For three prior generations the family had cooked together. Yu served as prison inspector at Fuzhou; when his term ended he came home and, his mother being old, never served again. One day he gathered his brothers, wept as he passed on their father's charge that they never live apart, and swore an oath before heaven with a blood covenant. Thereafter more than a hundred people lived together without discord, working as one until the family prospered. Eldest brother Rui died young; sister-in-law Liu remained widowed, and Yu had the family honor her scrupulously. Second brother Xuan also died; sister-in-law Wang was young and Yu's mother would have let her remarry, but Wang said, "A wife does not marry twice. I will serve my mother-in-law until death." Yu's sister had married Wang You; when You died she asked to return to the Zhao family to care for his mother, who had no son. People said filial piety, brotherhood, chastity, and righteousness all dwelt in Yu's family. At the start of the Yuanzhen era they were commended.
35
胡光遠，太平人。 母喪廬墓。 一夕，夢母欲食魚，晨起號天，將求魚以祭，見生魚五尾列墓前，俱有囓痕。 鄰里驚異，方共聚觀，有獺出草中，浮水去。 眾知是獺所獻。 以狀聞於官，表其閭。
Hu Guangyuan was from Taiping. When his mother died he kept a mourning hut at her grave. One night he dreamed his mother wanted fish; at dawn, about to find fish for sacrifice, he found five live fish before the grave, each with bite marks. Neighbors gathered in wonder as an otter emerged from the grass and swam away. All knew an otter had brought the fish. He reported it to officials and his gate was honored with a placard.
36
至順間，永平龐遵，母病腫，三年不能起。 忽思食魚，遵求於市不得。 歸途嘆恨，忽有鯉躍入其舟。 作羹以獻，母悅，病瘥。
In the Zhishun era, Pang Zun of Yongping—his mother had a swelling illness and could not get up for three years. She suddenly craved fish; Zun could find none in the market. On the way home, sighing in frustration, a carp leapt into his boat. He cooked it for her; she was delighted and recovered.
37
陳韶孫，廣州番禺人。 父瀏以罪流肇州。 韶孫年十歲，不忍父遠謫，朝夕號泣願從。 父不能奪，遂與俱往。 跋涉萬里，不憚勞苦。 道過遼陽，平章塔出見而憫焉，語之曰：「天子寬仁，罰不及嗣。 邊地苦寒，非汝所堪。 吾返汝故鄉，汝願之乎？」 韶孫曰：「既不能以身代父，當死生以之，歸非所願也。」 塔出驚異，以錢賞之。 大德六年，瀏死，韶孫哀慟，見者皆為之泣下。 肇州萬戶府以聞，命遣還鄉里，仍旌異之。
Chen Shaosun was from Panyu in Guangzhou. His father Liu was banished to Zhaozhou for a crime. At ten he could not bear his father's distant exile; day and night he wept to go with him. His father could not refuse, and they went together. They traveled ten thousand li without flinching from hardship. At Liaoyang, Grand Councilor Tachu saw them and said, "The emperor is merciful; punishment does not fall on sons for fathers' crimes. The frontier is bitter cold—not fit for a child. I can send you home—do you wish it?" Shaosun said, "If I cannot die in my father's place, I will live and die with him. I will not go home." Tachu was astonished and gave him money. In the sixth year of Dade (1302) Liu died; Shaosun's grief moved all who saw him to tears. Zhaozhou authorities reported it; he was sent home and commended.
38
李忠，晉寧人。 幼孤，事母至孝。 大德七年，地大震，郇保山移，所過居民廬舍，皆摧壓傾圮。 將近忠家，分為二，行五十餘步復合，忠家獨完。
Li Zhong was from Jinning. Orphaned young, he was deeply filial to his mother. In the seventh year of Dade (1303) a great earthquake moved Mount Xunbao, crushing every dwelling in its path. Approaching Zhong's home it split in two, passed fifty paces, and closed again; only his house stood untouched.
39
吳國寶，雷州人。 性孝友，父喪廬墓。 大德八年，境內蝗害稼，惟國寶田無損。 人皆以為孝感所致云。
Wu Guobao was from Leizhou. Filial by nature, he kept a mourning hut when his father died. In the eighth year of Dade locusts destroyed crops throughout the region, but Guobao's fields alone were spared. People attributed it to the power of filial devotion.
40
李茂，大名人，徙家揚州。 父興壽臨卒，語茂曰：「吾病且死，爾善事母。」 茂泣受命，奉母孟氏益謹。 母嘗病目失明，茂禱於泰安山，三年復明。 又願母壽，每夕祝天，乞損己年益母。 孟氏竟年八十四而歿，居喪哀慟，聞者傷之。 大德九年，揚州再火，延燒千餘家，火及茂廬，皆風返而滅。 事聞，旌之。
Li Mao, from Daming, moved his family to Yangzhou. As his father Xingshou lay dying he told Mao, "I am dying. Serve your mother well." Mao wept and promised; he cared for Lady Meng even more devotedly. When she went blind Mao prayed at Mount Tai; in three years she could see again. He also prayed each night to shorten his life and give the years to her. Lady Meng lived to eighty-four; Mao mourned with crushing grief and all who heard were moved. In the ninth year of Dade (1305) fire swept Yangzhou, destroying more than a thousand homes; when flames reached Mao's hut the wind reversed and the fire died. Once officials heard of it, the court honored him.
41
羊仁，廬州廬江人。 至元初，阿術兵南下，仁家為所掠，父被殺，母及兄弟皆散去。 仁年七歲，賣為汴人李子安家奴，力作二十餘年，子安憐之，縱為良。 仁踪跡得母於潁州蒙古軍塔海家，兄於睢州蒙古軍岳納家，弟於邯鄲連大家，皆為役，尚無恙。 乃遍懇親故，貸得鈔百錠，歷詣諸家求贖之。 經營百計，更六年，乃得遂。 大小二十餘口，复聚居為良，孝友甚篤，鄉里美之。 大德十二年，旌其家。
Yang Ren came from Lujiang, in Luzhou. Early in the Zhiyuan reign, Aju's troops swept south. Ren's family was seized—his father was killed, and his mother and brothers were driven apart. At seven, Ren was sold as a bondservant to Li Zian of Bian. He toiled for over twenty years until Zian, moved by pity, freed him to commoner status. Tracking them down, Ren found his mother in the household of Tahai, a Mongol soldier at Yingzhou; his elder brother with Yuena at Suizhou; and his younger brother with Lianda at Handan. All were still enslaved, but alive. He begged help from every relative and old acquaintance, borrowed a hundred ingots of paper money, and went from house to house to buy their freedom. He schemed and struggled by every means; six years later, he at last succeeded. More than twenty kin, young and old, lived together again as free commoners. Their filial devotion and brotherly affection ran deep, and neighbors praised them. In the twelfth year of Dade (1308), the court commended his household.
42
又有黃覺經，建昌人。 五歲，因亂失母。 稍長，誓天誦佛書，願求母所在。 乃渡江涉淮，行乞而往，衝冒風雨，備歷艱苦，至汝州梁縣春店，得其母以歸。
There was also Huang Juejing, from Jianchang. At five, he lost his mother in the turmoil of war. As he grew, he vowed before Heaven and chanted Buddhist sutras, praying to learn where his mother might be. He crossed the Yangzi and the Huai, begging his way forward through wind and rain and every hardship, until at Chundian in Liang County, Ruzhou, he found his mother and brought her home.
43
章卿孫，蜀人，本劉氏。 幼為章提刑養子，與母富氏相失三十八年，遍訪於江西諸郡，迎歸養之。
Zhang Qingsun was from Shu; his original surname was Liu. Adopted in childhood by Intendant Zhang, he was parted from his mother Lady Fu for thirty-eight years. He searched every prefecture in Jiangxi, then brought her home to care for her.
44
俞全，杭州人。 幼被掠賣為劉餻家奴。 後獲為良，自汴步歸杭，尋其母及姊，得之，事母以孝聞。
Yu Quan was from Hangzhou. As a boy he was seized and sold as a bondservant to Liu Gao. Later freed to commoner status, he walked from Bian back to Hang, found his mother and elder sister, and became known for his filial devotion.
45
李鵬飛，池州人。 生母姚氏，為嫡母不容，改嫁為硃氏妻。 鵬飛幼，不知也。 年十九，思慕哀痛，誓學醫以濟人，願早見母。 行求三歲，至蘄州羅田縣得焉。 時硃氏家方疫，鵬飛起之，遂迎還奉養。 久之，復歸硃氏，時渡江省覲。 既卒，歲時攜子孫往祭墓，終其身。
Li Pengfei was from Chizhou. His birth mother Lady Yao, rejected by his father's principal wife, remarried and became the wife of a man surnamed Zhu. Pengfei was still a child and knew nothing of it. At nineteen, grief and longing consumed him. He vowed to study medicine to heal others, hoping thereby to find his mother sooner. For three years he traveled in search of her and found her in Luotian County, Qizhou. The Zhu household was then ravaged by plague. Pengfei nursed them back to health, then brought his mother home to support her. In time she returned to the Zhu household, and he crossed the river from time to time to visit her. After she died, he took his children and grandchildren to her grave each year to make offerings, and never stopped for the rest of his life.
46
並以有司所請，旌其閭。
At the request of local officials, all were honored in their neighborhoods.
47
趙一德，龍興新建人。 至元十二年，國兵南伐，被俘至燕，為鄭留守家奴。 歷事三世，號忠幹。 至大元年，一日，拜請於其主鄭阿思蘭及其母澤國太夫人曰：「一德自去父母，得全生依門下者，三十餘年矣，故鄉萬里，未獲歸省，雖思慕刻骨，未嘗敢言。 今父母已老，脫有不幸，則永為天地間罪人矣。」 因伏地涕泣，不能起。 阿思蘭母子皆感動，許之歸，期一歲而返。 一德至家，父兄已沒，惟母在，年八十餘。 一德卜地葬二柩畢，欲少留事母，懼得罪，如期還燕。 阿思蘭母子歎曰：「彼賤隸，乃能是，吾可不成其孝乎！」 即裂券縱為良。 一德將辭歸，會阿思蘭以冤被誅，詔簿錄其家。 群奴各亡去，一德獨奮曰：「主家有禍，吾忍同路人耶！」 即留不去，與張錦童詣中書，訴枉狀，得昭雪，還其所籍。 太夫人勞一德曰：「當吏籍吾家時，親戚不相顧，汝獨冒險以白吾枉，疾風勁草，於汝見之。 令吾家業既喪而復存者，皆汝力也，吾何以報汝？」 因分美田廬遺之。 一德謝曰：「一德雖鄙人，非有利於是也。 重哀吾主無罪而受戮，故留以報主。 今老母八十餘，得歸侍養，主之賜已厚矣，何以田廬為！」 遂不受而去。 皇慶元年，旌其門。
Zhao Yide came from Xinjian in Longxing. In the twelfth year of Zhiyuan (1275), when the imperial army marched south, he was captured and taken to Yan, where he became a bondservant in the household of Garrison Commander Zheng. He served three generations of the family and was known for loyalty and steadfast service. In the first year of Zhida (1308), he one day bowed before his master Zheng Asilan and Asilan's mother, the Lady of Zeguo, and said, "Since I was torn from my parents, I have lived under your roof for more than thirty years. My home is ten thousand li away, and I have never been able to go back. My longing has cut me to the bone, yet I never dared ask. My parents are old now. If anything should happen to them, I would be a sinner before Heaven and Earth forever." He fell prostrate, weeping, and could not rise. Asilan and his mother were deeply moved. They allowed him to go home, on condition that he return within a year. Yide reached home to find his father and brothers already dead. Only his mother remained, more than eighty years old. After choosing a site and burying the two coffins, he wanted to stay and care for his mother but feared breaking his promise, so he returned to Yan on time. Asilan and his mother sighed and said, "A bondservant could be so filial—how can we stand in his way?" They tore up his contract and freed him to commoner status. Just as Yide was preparing to go home, Asilan was executed on a false charge, and an edict ordered his property registered and seized. The other bondservants fled. Yide alone cried out, "My master's house is in calamity—how can I walk away like a stranger on the road?" He stayed. With Zhang Jintong he went to the Central Secretariat to plead the injustice. The verdict was overturned and the seized property restored. The Lady of Zeguo thanked Yide, saying, "When the officials seized our estate, not one relative would help. You alone risked yourself to clear our name. The fierce wind reveals the tough grass. That our house, once ruined, stands again—that is all your doing. How can I repay you?" She divided out fine fields and houses and gave them to him. Yide refused, saying, "I am a humble man, but I did not act for gain. My master was innocent yet was slain. I stayed to repay him. My old mother is past eighty, and I have been able to go home and care for her. Your kindness is already more than enough. What need have I of land and houses?" He would not accept them and left. In the first year of Huangqing (1312), the court commended his household.
48
王思聰，延安安塞人。 素力田，農隙則教諸生，得束脩以養親。 母喪，盡哀。 父繼娶楊氏，事之如所生。 以家多幼稚，侵父食，別築室曰養老堂奉之，朝夕定省，愈久不怠。 父嘗病劇，思聰憂甚，拜祈於天，額膝皆成瘡，得神泉飲之，愈。 後復失明，思聰舐之，即能視。 縣上狀，命表異之。
Wang Sicong came from Ansai in Yan'an. He farmed for a living and, between seasons, taught students, using their tuition to support his parents. When his mother died, he mourned her with full grief. His father remarried Lady Yang, and he served her as if she were his own mother. With many young children in the house eating into his father's share, he built a separate hall called the Hall for Nurturing the Aged and moved his father there. Morning and evening he attended him, never slackening as the years passed. When his father fell gravely ill, Sicong prayed to Heaven in anguish until his forehead and knees were raw from bowing. He found sacred spring water; his father drank it and recovered. Later his father went blind again. Sicong licked his eyes, and sight returned. The county reported his case, and the court singled him out for praise.
49
徹徹，捏古思氏。 幼喪父，事母篤孝。 稍壯，母歿，慟哭頓絕，水漿不入口者三日。 既葬，居喪有禮，每節序祭祀，哭泣常如袒括時。 年四十餘，思慕猶如孩童。 每見人父母，則嗚咽流涕。 人問其故，曰：「人皆有父母，我獨無，是以泣耳。」 至大三年，褒異。
Cheche belonged to the Nigusi clan. His father died when he was young, and he served his mother with devoted filial piety. When he came of age, his mother died. He wailed until he collapsed and took no food or drink for three days. After the burial he observed mourning rites properly. At every seasonal sacrifice he wept as if it were the day she died. Even past forty, he yearned for her like a child. Whenever he saw someone else's parents, he would choke back sobs and weep. Asked why, he said, "Everyone has parents. I alone do not—that is why I weep." In the third year of Zhida (1310), the court honored him with special praise.
50
王初應，漳州長泰人。 至大四年二月，從父義士樵劉嶺山，有虎出叢棘中，搏義士，傷右肩，初應赴救，抽鐮刀刺虎鼻殺之，義士得生。
Wang Chuying was from Changtai in Zhangzhou. In the second month of the fourth year of Zhida (1311), he went with his father to gather firewood on Liuling Mountain. A tiger burst from the brush, seized his father, and tore his right shoulder. Chuying ran to save him, stabbed the tiger in the nose with a sickle, killed it, and his father lived.
51
泰定二年，同縣施合德，父真祐嘗出耘，為虎扼於田，合德與從弟發仔持斧前殺虎，父得生。
In the second year of Taiding (1325), Shi Hede of the same county—his father Zhenyou was working in the fields when a tiger seized him. Hede and his cousin Fazi took axes, rushed forward, killed the tiger, and saved their father.
52
並旌其門。
Both households were honored at their gates.
53
鄭文嗣，婺州浦江人。 其家十世同居，凡二百四十餘年，一錢尺帛無敢私。 至大間表其門。
Zheng Wensi came from Pujiang in Wuzhou. Ten generations of his family lived under one roof for more than two hundred forty years. Not a coin or a foot of cloth was kept for private use. During the Zhida era, their gate was singled out for praise.
54
文嗣歿，從弟大和繼主家事，益嚴而有恩，家庭中凜如公府，子弟稍有過，頒白者猶鞭之。 每遇歲時，大和坐堂上，群從子皆盛衣冠，雁行立左序下，以次進。 拜跪奉觴上壽畢，皆肅容拱手，自右趨出，足武相銜，無敢參差者。 見者嗟慕，謂有三代遺風。 狀聞，復其家。 部使者餘闕為書「東浙第一家」以褒之。 大和方正，不奉浮屠、老子教，冠昏喪葬，必稽硃熹《家禮》而行執。 親喪，哀甚，三年不御酒肉，子孫從化，皆孝謹。 雖嘗仕宦，不敢一毫有違家法。 諸婦唯事女工，不使預家政。 宗族里閭，皆懷之以恩。 家畜兩馬，一出，則一為之不食，人以為孝義所感。 有《家範》三卷，傳於世。
After Wensi died, his cousin Dahe took charge of the household. He was strict yet kind; the home ran like a magistrate's hall. Even a gray-haired member of the younger generation could be whipped for a small fault. At each seasonal festival Dahe sat in the hall while the younger cousins, dressed in full ceremonial robes, lined up in ranks on the left and came forward in turn. They bowed, knelt, and offered the longevity cup; then, solemn and hands folded, they filed out to the right in perfect step, none daring to break rank. Onlookers sighed in admiration, saying the household still breathed the air of the Three Dynasties. When officials learned of it, the household was again exempted from corvée labor. Circuit Intendant Yu Que wrote "The First Family of Eastern Zhe" in their praise. Dahe was upright and did not follow Buddhist or Daoist rites. For capping, marriage, mourning, and burial he always followed Zhu Xi's Family Rituals. When his parents died, he grieved deeply and abstained from wine and meat for three years. His descendants followed his example and were all dutiful and careful. Though he once held office, he never broke the family rules, not even in the smallest matter. The women did only women's work and were not allowed to manage household affairs. Kinsmen and neighbors all held them in affection for their kindness. The family kept two horses; when one went out, the other would refuse to eat. People saw this as a sign stirred by their filial righteousness. He left a three-scroll Household Standards that has been handed down through the ages.
55
王薦，福寧人。 性孝而好義。 父嘗疾甚，薦夜禱於天，願減己年益父壽。 父絕而復蘇，告其友曰：「適有神人，黃衣紅帕首，恍惚語我曰：'汝子孝，上帝命錫汝十二齡。'」 疾遂愈，後果十二年而卒。 母沈氏病渴，語薦曰：「得瓜以啖我，渴可止。」 時冬月，求於鄉不得，行至深奧嶺，值大雪，薦避雪樹下，思母病，仰天而哭。 忽見岩石間青蔓離披，有二瓜焉，因摘歸奉母。 母食之，渴頓止。 兄孟韐早世，嫂林氏更適劉仲山。 仲山嘗以田鬻於薦，及死，不能葬，且無子，族以其貧，莫肯為之後。 薦即以田還之，使置後，且治葬焉。 州禁民死不葬者，時民貧未葬者眾，畏令，悉焚柩，棄骨野中。 薦哀之，以地為義阡收瘞之。 有死不能斂者，复買棺以贈，人皆感焉。 至大四年，其鄉旱，民艱糴，薦盡出儲粟賑之。 有施福等十一家，飢欲死，薦聞，惻然欲濟之，家粟已竭，即以己田易谷百石分給之。 福等德其活己，每月朔，會佛祠為祈福。 福建宣慰司上狀旌之。
Wang Jian was from Funing. By nature he was filial and devoted to righteousness. When his father fell gravely ill, Jian prayed at night to Heaven, offering to shorten his own life in exchange for his father's. His father stopped breathing, then revived and told a friend, "A divine man in yellow robes and a red turban just spoke to me: 'Your son is filial. Heaven grants you twelve more years.'" The illness cleared, and twelve years later he died, just as foretold. His mother Lady Shen was sick with raging thirst and said to Jian, "If I could eat a melon, this thirst would stop." It was deep winter, and none could be found in the village. He walked to Shen'ao Ridge. Snow fell heavily; he sheltered under a tree, thought of his mother's illness, and wept to Heaven. Suddenly he saw green vines trailing over the rocks—with two melons on them. He picked them and brought them home to his mother. She ate them, and her thirst vanished at once. His elder brother Mengge died young. His sister-in-law Lady Lin remarried Liu Zhongshan. Zhongshan had once sold fields to Jian. When he died, there was no money for burial and no son. The clan, seeing how poor they were, would not take him as heir. Jian returned the fields, had an heir appointed for the line, and paid for the burial. The prefecture forbade leaving the dead unburied. Many were too poor to comply; fearing punishment, they burned coffins and cast bones into the wild. Jian grieved at this. He set aside land as a charity burial ground and gathered the remains for burial. For those who died without coffins, he bought coffins and gave them away. All were deeply moved. In the fourth year of Zhida (1311), drought struck his district. Grain was scarce; Jian opened his stores and gave everything away. Eleven households, including Shi Fu, were starving to death. Jian wanted to help, but his grain was gone. He sold his own fields for a hundred shi of grain and divided it among them. Grateful that he had saved their lives, Fu and the others met at a Buddhist shrine on the first of each month to pray for his blessing. The Fujian Pacification Commission reported his deeds and the court commended him.
56
郭全，遼陽人。 幼喪母，哀戚如成人。 及壯，父庭玉又卒，居廬三載，啜粥面墨。 事繼母唐古氏甚孝。 唐古氏生四子，皆幼，全躬耕以養。 既長娶婦，各求分財異居，全不能止，凡田廬器物，悉自取朽弊者，奉唐古氏以居，甘旨無乏。 唐古氏卒，全年六十餘，哀痛毀瘠，廬其墓終喪。
Guo Quan was from Liaoyang. He lost his mother as a child and mourned with the grief of a grown man. When he came of age, his father Tingyu also died. He lived in a mourning hut for three years, eating thin gruel until his face turned ashen. He served his stepmother Lady Tanggu with devoted filial piety. Lady Tanggu had borne four sons, all still young. Quan farmed with his own hands to support them. When they grew up and married, each wanted his share and a separate home. Quan could not stop them. He took the worn fields, houses, and goods for himself, kept Lady Tanggu comfortably housed, and never let her want for good food. When Lady Tanggu died, Quan was past sixty. He grieved until he wasted away and kept a mourning hut at her grave until the mourning period ended.
57
又有劉德，奉元人。 父娶後妻何氏，德事之如所生。 家貧，傭工取直，寸錢尺帛皆上之。 四弟並何出，德撫愛尤篤。 年五十未娶，稱貸得錢先為弟求婦，諸弟亦化其德，一門藹然。 鄉里稱為劉佛子。
There was also Liu De, from Fengyuan. His father remarried Lady He, and De served her as if she were his own mother. The family was poor. He hired himself out and turned over every coin and every foot of cloth he earned. Lady He bore four younger brothers, and De loved and cared for them with special devotion. Past fifty, he had not married. He borrowed money and found wives for his brothers first. They in turn were moved by his example, and the whole household lived in harmony. Neighbors called him the Buddha Liu.
58
馬押忽，也裡可溫氏。 素貧，事繼母張氏、庶母呂氏，克盡子職。
Ma Yahu belonged to the Yelikewen (Nestorian) clan. Though always poor, he served his stepmother Lady Zhang and concubine mother Lady Lü and fully discharged every duty of a son.
59
劉居敬，大都人。 年十歲，繼母郝氏病，居敬憂之，懇天以求代。
Liu Jujing was from Dadu. At ten, his stepmother Lady Hao fell ill. Jujing was distraught and prayed to Heaven to suffer in her stead.
60
狀聞，並褒表之。
When their cases were reported, all were singled out for special praise.
61
楊皞，扶風人。 父清，母牛氏。 牛氏嘗病劇，皞叩天求代，遂痊，如是者再。 後牛氏失明，皞登太白山取神泉洗之，復如故。 牛氏歿，哀毀特甚。 葬之日，大雨，獨皞墓前後數里，密雲蔽之，雨不沾土，送者大悅。 葬畢，令妻衛氏家居養清，皞獨廬墓上，負土為墳，蔬食水飲，終其喪。 清卒，亦如之。
Yang Hao was from Fufeng. His father was Qing; his mother was Lady Niu. Lady Niu once fell gravely ill. Hao kowtowed to Heaven, offering to die in her place, and she recovered—twice this happened. Later Lady Niu went blind. Hao climbed Mount Taibai, brought back sacred spring water, washed her eyes, and her sight returned. When Lady Niu died, his grief wasted him away. On the burial day, rain poured down. Yet for several li around her grave dense clouds shielded the ground, and the rain never touched the soil. Those at the funeral rejoiced. After the burial he sent his wife Lady Wei home to care for Qing. He alone lived on the mound, heaped earth for the tomb, ate vegetables and drank water, and mourned until the period ended. When Qing died, he did the same again.
62
丁文忠，許州偃城人，業鼓冶。 母和氏疾，與弟文孝竭力調侍。 母卒，文忠廬墓側，不與妻面者三年。 父貴又疾，醫不能療，文忠造車一輛，兄弟共御之，載父禱於嵩山、五台、泰安、河瀆諸祠，途遇異僧遺藥而愈。 延祐七年，旌之。
Ding Wenzhong was from Yancheng in Xuzhou and worked as a metalworker. When his mother Lady He fell ill, he and his younger brother Wenxiao nursed her with all their strength. After she died, Wenzhong lived beside the grave and did not look his wife in the face for three years. His father Gui fell ill again, and doctors could not cure him. Wenzhong built a cart; the brothers drove it together, carrying their father to pray at Mount Song, Mount Wutai, Mount Tai, and the River God shrine. On the road a strange monk gave them medicine, and Gui recovered. In the seventh year of Yanyou (1320), the court commended him.
63
邵敬祖，宛丘人。 父喪廬墓。 母繼歿，河決，不克葬，殯於城西。 敬祖露宿依其側，風雨不去。 友人哀之，為縛草舍庇之，前後居廬六年，兩髀俱成濕疾。 至治三年，旌其家。
Shao Jingzu was from Wanqiu. When his father died, he kept a mourning hut at the grave. His mother died afterward. The Yellow River broke its banks and burial was impossible, so the coffin was kept west of the city. Jingzu slept in the open beside it and would not leave, rain or shine. A friend, pitying him, built a grass shelter. For six years he lived in mourning huts, and sores from damp spread across both thighs. In the third year of Zhizhi (1323), his household was commended.
64
其後又有永平李彥忠，父喪廬墓，八年不至家。
Later there was Li Yanzong of Yongping, who mourned his father in a hut at the grave and did not go home for eight years.
65
茶陵譚景星，幼失父，追念之，廬其墓十年。
Tan Jingxing of Chaling lost his father as a child. Longing for him, he kept a mourning hut at the grave for ten years.
66
亳州郭成，年七十一，母喪，食粥廬墓一年，朝夕哭臨。 人哀其老而能孝。
Guo Cheng of Bozhou was seventy-one when his mother died. He ate only gruel, lived in a hut at her grave for a year, and wept over the coffin morning and evening. People marveled that at his age he could still be so filial.
67
扈鐸，汴梁蘭陽人。 蚤孤，育於伯父。 及壯，事伯父如所生。 伯父老無子，鐸為買妾，歲餘，產一女。 其妾性頗不慧，熟寐，壓女死。 久之，伯父卒，鐸喪之甚哀。 遺腹生一男，鐸懲前失，告其母及妻妹護視之，己复廬戶外，中夜審察，不敢安寢。 弟能食，常自抱哺，與同臥起，十年不少怠。 弟有疾，鐸夜稽顙星斗哀禱曰：「天不伐餘家，鐸父子間可去一人，勿喪吾弟，使伯父無後也。」 明旦，弟愈。 母卒，哀毀逾禮，廬於墓側，不理家事，宗族勸之歸，鐸曰：「今歲凶多盜，吾家雖貧，安知墓中無可欲乎！ 倘驚吾親之靈，雖生何為！」 卒守廬不去。
Hu Duo was from Lanyang in Bianliang. His father died young, and he was raised by his father's elder brother. When he grew up, he served his uncle as if he were his own father. His uncle was old and childless. Duo bought him a concubine; after a year she bore a girl. The concubine was slow-witted. She slept heavily and smothered the infant girl. In time his uncle died, and Duo mourned him with deep grief. A posthumous son was born. Mindful of the earlier tragedy, Duo charged his mother and his wife's sister to guard the child. He slept in a hut outside the door and watched through the night, never sleeping soundly. Once the boy could eat, Duo often held and fed him, sleeping and waking with him, and for ten years never slackened. When the boy fell ill, Duo bowed to the stars at night and prayed, "If Heaven will not wipe out our house, let one of us in Duo's line be taken—but do not take my brother and leave my uncle's line without an heir." The next morning the boy recovered. When his mother died, he grieved beyond the rites and lived in a hut beside the grave, neglecting household affairs. Kinsmen urged him home, but Duo said, "Famine and bandits are everywhere this year. Our house is poor, but who knows whether grave robbers might not disturb my mother's rest? If I let her spirit be disturbed, what would life be worth?" In the end he kept watch at the grave and would not leave.
68
孫秀實，大寧人。 性剛毅，喜周人急。 里人王仲和嘗托秀實貸富人鈔二千錠，貧不能償，棄其親逃去。 數年，其親思之，疾，秀實日饋薪米存問，終不樂。 秀實哀之，悉為代償，取券還其親，復命奴控馬齎金，訪仲和使歸，父子歡聚，聞者莫不嗟美。 又李懷玉等貸秀實鈔一千五百錠，度無以償，盡還其券不徵。
Sun Xiushi was from Daning. By nature he was resolute and loved to help people in desperate straits. A neighbor, Wang Zhonghe, once asked Xiushi to borrow two thousand ingots from a rich man for him. Unable to repay, Zhonghe abandoned his parents and fled. Years passed. His parents pined for him and fell ill. Xiushi brought them firewood and grain every day, yet they remained inconsolable. Moved to pity, Xiushi repaid the debt himself, returned the bond to the parents, and sent a servant with a horse and gold to find Zhonghe and bring him home. Father and son were reunited, and all who heard praised him. Li Huaiyu and others had borrowed fifteen hundred ingots from him. Seeing they could never repay, Xiushi returned their bonds and demanded nothing.
69
復有賈進，大同人。 大德九年，地震，民居多傷，且乏食，進給酒藥炭米濟之。 每歲冬，制木綿裘數百襲衣寒者。 買地為義阡，使無墓者葬之。
There was also Jia Jin, from Datong. In the ninth year of Dade (1305), an earthquake struck. Many homes were ruined and food ran short. Jin gave out wine, medicine, charcoal, and rice. Each winter he made hundreds of cotton coats for those who shivered in the cold. He bought land for a charity burial ground so the graveless dead could be laid to rest.
70
李子敬，陝西三原人。 嫁不能嫁者五十餘人，葬不能葬者五十餘喪，焚逋券四萬餘貫。
Li Zijing was from Sanyuan in Shaanxi. He gave dowries to more than fifty women who could not marry, buried more than fifty families who could not afford funerals, and burned overdue bonds totaling more than forty thousand strings of cash.
71
有司以名聞，並旌之。
Local officials reported their names, and all were commended.
72
宗杞，大都人。 年十九，父內宰卒，擗踴號泣，絕而復蘇，水漿不入口者三日。 哀氣傷心，遂成疾。 伏臥床榻，猶哭不止，淚盡，繼之以血。 既葬，疾轉甚。 杞有繼母，無他兄弟，度不能自起，作遺書囑其妻楊氏曰：「汝善守志，以事吾母。」 遂卒。 楊氏遺腹生一男，人以為孝感，天不絕其嗣云。 泰定三年，旌其門。
Zong Qi was from Dadu. At nineteen, when his father the palace steward died, he beat his breast and wailed until he collapsed. For three days he took no food or drink. Grief injured his heart and he fell ill. Even bedridden he would not stop weeping. When his tears ran dry, he wept blood. After the burial his illness worsened. He had only a stepmother and no brothers. Knowing he would not recover, he wrote a final letter to his wife Lady Yang: "Keep your resolve and care for my mother." Then he died. Lady Yang bore a posthumous son. People said filial devotion had moved Heaven, and that Heaven would not end his line. In the third year of Taiding (1326), the court commended his gate.
73
趙榮，扶風人。 母強氏有疾，榮割股肉噉之者三。 复負母登太白山，禱於神，得聖水飲之，乃痊。 後年七十五卒，榮號痛不食，三日方飲水，七日乃食粥。 葬之日，白雲庇其墓前後十五里，葬畢而散。 榮負土成墳，廬其側終喪。
Zhao Rong was from Fufeng. When his mother Lady Qiang fell ill, Rong cut flesh from his thigh and fed it to her—three times. He carried his mother on his back up Mount Taibai, prayed to the spirits, and gave her sacred water to drink; she recovered. When she died at seventy-five, Rong wailed and refused food. After three days he drank water; after seven he ate gruel. On the burial day, white clouds covered fifteen li around her grave. When the rites ended, they broke apart. Rong heaped earth for the mound and lived in a hut beside it until mourning ended.
74
吳好直，華州蒲城人。 父歿，事繼母孝，兄弟嘗求分財，好直勸諭不能止，即以己所當得，悉推與之。 出從師學，淡泊三十年，無少悔。 又有甄城柴鬱、陳舜諮，皆能孝友，以己產分讓兄弟。 縣令言狀，並表美之。
Wu Haozhi was from Pucheng in Huazhou. After his father died, he served his stepmother filially. When his brothers wanted to split the estate, Haozhi pleaded with them in vain and gave them everything that would have been his. He went away to study and lived plainly for thirty years without a trace of regret. There were also Chai Yu of Zhencheng and Chen Shunzi, both filial and brotherly, who gave up their shares of the family property to their brothers. The county magistrate reported their cases, and all were praised.
75
餘丙，建德遂安人。 幼喪母，泣血成疾。 父亡，不忍葬，結廬古山下，殯其中，日閉戶守視。 有牧童遺火，延殯廬，丙與子慈亟撲不止，欲投身火中，與柩俱焚。 俄暴雨，火滅。
Yu Bing was from Suian in Jiande. He lost his mother as a child and wept blood until illness took him. When his father died, he could not bear burial. He built a hut beneath an old mountain, kept the coffin inside, and shut the door to guard it every day. A herdsboy's fire spread to the mourning hut. Bing and his son Ci fought the flames in vain; Bing tried to throw himself into the fire to burn with the coffin. Suddenly a torrential rain fell, and the fire went out.
76
徐鈺，鎮江人。 始冠，侍父鎮，將之婺源，過丹陽小溪，鎮乘橋失足，墮水中。 同行者立岸上，不能救。 鈺投溪擁鎮出，鎮得挽行舟以升。 鈺力憊，且水勢湍急，遂溺死，屍流四十五里，得於灘。 江浙行省言狀，表異之。
Xu Yu was from Zhenjiang. Just after coming of age, he was traveling with his father Zhen to Wuyuan. At a small stream in Danyang, Zhen crossed a bridge, slipped, and fell into the water. Those with them stood on the bank, unable to reach him. Yu plunged into the stream, held Zhen up, and brought him out. Zhen caught a passing boat and climbed aboard. Exhausted, Yu drowned in the swift current; his body was found forty-five li downstream on a sandbar. The Jiang-Zhe Branch Secretariat reported the case and the court commended him.
77
尹莘，汴梁洧川人。 至治初，遊學於京師，忽夢母疾，心怪之。 馳歸，母已亡。 居廬蔬食，哀毀骨立。 每雞鳴而起，手治祭饌，詣墓所哭奠之，風雪不廢。 父輔臣嘗病疫，莘侍奉湯藥，衣不解帶，嘗其糞以驗差劇，夜則禱於天曰：「莘母亡不能見，父病不能治，為人子若此，何以自立於世，願死以代父命。」 數日愈，鄉里嗟異之。
Yin Shen was from Weichuan in Bianliang. At the start of the Zhizhi era he studied in the capital; one night he dreamed his mother was ill and felt a foreboding. He raced home to find his mother already dead. He kept a mourning hut, ate only plain food, and wasted away in grief. Each day before dawn he prepared offerings, went to the grave to mourn, and never missed a day, rain or snow. When his father Fuchen had plague, Shen nursed him without rest, tasted his waste to judge the illness, and prayed at night: "My mother died before I could see her; my father is ill and I cannot save him. How can I live? Let me die in his place." Within days Fuchen recovered, and neighbors marveled.
78
又有高唐孫希賢，母病痢，希賢閱方書，有曰」血溫身熱者死，血冷身涼者生」。 希賢嘗之，其血溫，乃號泣祈天，求身代之，母遂愈。
Sun Xixian of Gaotang—when his mother had dysentery he read medical texts: "Warm blood and a hot body mean death; cold blood and a cool body mean life." He tasted her blood—it was warm. He wailed and prayed to take her place, and she recovered.
79
高郵卜勝榮，母痢，不能藥，日嘗痢以求愈。 兄疾，禮北辰，乞減己年延之。 並痊。
Bu Shengrong of Gaoyou—when his mother had dysentery uncured by medicine, he tasted it daily, hoping she would heal. When his elder brother fell ill, he prayed to the North Star to shorten his own life and add to his brother's. All of them recovered.
80
劉廷讓，大寧武平人。 至順初，北方兵起，民被殺掠。 廷讓挈家避山中，有幼弟方乳，母王氏置於懷，兵急，廷讓乃棄己子，一手抱幼弟，一手扶母，疾驅得免。 事聞，旌之。
Liu Tingrang was from Wuping in Daning. At the start of the Zhishun era, when northern armies rose, people were killed and robbed. Fleeing to the mountains with his family, he had a nursing brother. As soldiers closed in, he abandoned his own child, carried the baby in one arm, supported his mother with the other, and escaped. Officials reported the case and he was commended.
81
劉通，亳州譙縣人。 家貧業農。 母卜氏，好聲樂，每眩技者以簫鼓至門，必令娛侍，或自歌舞，以悅母心。 卜氏目失明，通誓斷酒肉，禱之三十年不懈。 卜氏年八十五，忽復明。
Liu Tong was from Qiao County in Bozhou. The family was poor and lived by farming. His mother Lady Bu loved music. When musicians came to the door, he had them perform for her, or sang and danced himself to please her. When she went blind, Tong swore off wine and meat and prayed for thirty years without fail. At eighty-five her sight suddenly returned.
82
至大間鄱陽黃鎰，皇慶間諸暨丁祥一，皆以親喪明，以舌舐之，復能視。 並命褒表。
Huang Yi of Poyang in the Zhida era and Ding Xiangyi of Zhuji in the Huangqing era—when parents went blind, licked their eyes and sight returned. All were ordered commended with inscribed placards.
83
張旺舅，安豐霍丘人。 幼失父，母陳氏居貧守志。 旺舅九歲，賣錫以養。 及長，母病，伏枕數月，旺舅無貲命醫，惟日夜痛哭，禮天求代，未幾遂愈。 又自以生業微不能多給，竟不娶，以終母年。 縣令言於朝，旌之。
Zhang Wangjiu was from Huoqiu in Anfeng. His father died young; his mother Lady Chen lived in poverty and kept her widowhood. At nine he sold tin to support her. When she fell ill for months he had no money for doctors; he wept and prayed to die in her place, and she recovered. His earnings were modest; he never married and cared for her until she died. The magistrate reported his case and he was commended.
84
張思孝，華州人。 母喪，以孝聞。 父疾，調護甚至，不愈，以父涕洟半器，垂泣盡飲之，复潔齋致禱，乞以身代，未幾，遂痊。 至順三年，表其門。
Zhang Sixiao was from Huazhou. When his mother died he was famed for filial piety. When his father fell gravely ill, Sixiao nursed him tirelessly. When medicine failed, he drank half a bowl of his father's phlegm, wept, purified himself, and prayed to die in his place—and his father recovered. In the third year of Zhishun (1332) his gate was honored with a placard.
85
杜佑，邳州人。 河南行省署為三叉口水、馬站提領。 父成病於家，佑忽心驚，舉體沾汗，即棄職歸。 父病始三日，遂禱神求代，且嘗糞以驗疾。 父卒，廬墓盡哀，有馴兔之瑞。
Du You was from Pizhou. The Henan Branch Secretariat appointed him clerk at the Sanchakou water and horse station. When his father Cheng fell ill at home, You felt a sudden dread, broke out in sweat, and resigned at once. Within three days of the illness he prayed to take his father's place and tasted his waste to judge its severity. When Cheng died he kept a mourning hut with full grief; tame hares appeared as a blessing.
86
長壽，父帖住，官平章政事，生五子。 長山壽早世，次即長壽，次永壽、福壽、忙古海牙。 元統間，帖住歿，長壽哀毀盡禮。 服闋，當廕敘，與弟羅拜母前曰：「吾父廉貧，諸弟未有所立，願以職讓永壽。」 永壽讓福壽，福壽曰：「二兄能讓，福壽獨不能耶！」 以讓忙古海牙，母從之。 忙古海牙遂告廕，為太禧宗禋院神御殿侍禮佐郎，階奉議大夫。 兄弟奉母尤篤，邦閭美之。
Changshou's father Tiezhu was Grand Councilor and had five sons. Eldest Shanshou died young; then Changshou, Yongshou, Fushou, and Manguhaiya. During Yuantong Tiezhu died; Changshou mourned with full propriety. When mourning ended and hereditary office came due, he and his brothers bowed to their mother: "Father was poor and honest; our younger brothers are unsettled. We yield the appointment to Yongshou." Yongshou yielded to Fushou. Fushou said, "If both elder brothers can yield, why can't I?" They yielded to Manguhaiya, and their mother agreed. Manguhaiya took the hereditary post as assistant ritual attendant in the Grand Sacrifices Administration, rank Submitted Discussion Grandee. The brothers cared for their mother with deep devotion; neighbors praised them.
87
至大間，河中梁外僧，親喪廬墓，兄那海為奧魯官，自以嘗遠仕，不得養其親，即棄職，舉外僧代之。 人稱外僧能孝，那海能義。 又有畏吾氏秋秋，及濠州高中、嘉定武進，皆以侍親不願仕，以祖父廕讓叔父昆弟云。
In the Zhida era, Hezhong's Liang Waiseng mourned at his parents' grave. Elder brother Naihai, an aurug officer, resigned because he had served far from home and could not care for them, letting Waiseng take his place. People praised Waiseng for filial piety and Naihai for righteousness. Also the Uyghur Qiqiu, Haozhou's Gao Zhong, and Jiading's Wu Jin—all declined office to serve parents and yielded hereditary posts to kin.
88
孫瑾，鎮江丹徒人。 父喪，哀毀，嚴冬跣足而步，停柩四載，衣不解帶，常食粥，誦佛書。 及葬，載柩渡江，潮波方湧，俄順風翼帆，如履平地。 事繼母唐氏尤孝，嘗患癰，瑾親吮之； 又喪目，瑾舐之復明。 唐氏卒，卜日將葬，時春苦雨，瑾夜號天乞霽，至旦，雲日開朗。 甫掩壙，陰氣復合，雨注數日不止。
Sun Jin was from Dantu in Zhenjiang. When his father died he mourned barefoot even in harsh winter. The coffin rested four years; he never loosened his belt, ate only gruel, and chanted sutras. When the coffin crossed the river at burial, the tide was fierce; suddenly a fair wind filled the sails and the crossing was smooth as dry land. He served stepmother Lady Tang with deep devotion; when she had a boil he sucked it clean; when she went blind he licked her eyes and she could see again. When Lady Tang died, endless spring rain threatened the burial. Jin prayed all night for clear skies; by dawn the sun broke through. The moment the grave was sealed, clouds closed again and rain fell for days.
89
又有吳希曾，睢寧人。 父卒，葬之日大雨，希曾跪柩前，炷艾燃腕，火熾，雨止。 既葬，廬於墓左。
There was also Wu Xizeng of Suining. On his father's burial day, as rain poured, Xizeng knelt before the coffin and burned moxa on his wrist until the rain ceased. After burial he kept a hut beside the grave.
90
縣上狀，並旌之。
The county reported their cases and all were commended.
91
張恭，河南偃師人。 以兵部符署鷹房府案牘，親老，辭歸侍養，墾理先墓，身負水灌松柏。 父喪，過哀。 侍母馮氏尤謹。 歲凶，恭夫婦採野菜為食，而營奉甘旨無乏。 母有疾，恭手除溷穢，餵哺飲食，且嘗糞以驗疾勢。 天歷初，西兵至河南，居民悉竄。 恭守視母病，項中一劍，不去。 母驚悸而歿，恭居喪盡禮，人稱孝焉。 有詔旌其閭。
Zhang Gong was from Yanshi in Henan. Assigned as clerk in the Eagle House, he resigned when his parents aged, tended the ancestral graves, and carried water himself for the pines and cypresses. When his father died his grief was overwhelming. He cared for his mother Lady Feng with even greater devotion. In famine years he and his wife ate wild greens yet never let her want for good food. When she fell ill he cleaned her waste, fed her by hand, and tasted her stool to judge the illness. At the start of the Tianli era, when western troops entered Henan, everyone fled. Gong stayed with his sick mother—a sword at his neck could not make him leave. She died of fright; Gong mourned with full rites and neighbors called him filial. An edict commended his household.
92
訾汝道，德州齊河人。 父興卒，居喪，以孝聞。 母高氏治家嚴，汝道承順甚恭。 母嘗寢疾，晝夜不去側。 一日，母屏人授以金珠若干曰：「汝素孝，室無私蓄，我一旦不諱，此物非汝有矣，可善藏之，毋令他兄弟知也。」 汝道泣拜曰：「吾父母起艱難，成家業，今田宅牛羊已多，汝道恨無以報大恩，尚敢受此，以重不孝之罪乎！」 竟辭之。 母卒，哀毀，終喪不御酒肉。
Zi Rudao was from Qihe in Dezhou. When his father Xing died he mourned and was famed for filial piety. His mother Lady Gao ran a strict household; Rudao obeyed her with humble respect. When she lay ill he never left her side day or night. One day she sent others away and gave him gold and pearls: "You are filial and keep nothing for yourself. If I die suddenly, hide these—do not let your brothers know." Rudao wept and refused: "Our parents built this estate from hardship. I have no way to repay you—how could I take this and deepen my unfiliality?" He would not accept. When she died he grieved utterly and took no wine or meat for the full mourning period.
93
性尤友愛，二弟將析居，汝道悉以美田廬讓之； 二弟早世，撫諸孤如己子。 鄉人劉顯等貧無以為生，汝道割己田各畀之，使食其租終身。 里中嘗大疫，有食瓜得汗而癒者，汝道即多市瓜及攜米，歷戶饋之。 或曰：「癘氣能染人，勿入也。」 不聽，益周行問所苦，然卒無恙。 有死者，复贈以槥櫝，人咸感之。 嘗出麥粟貸人，至秋，蝗食稼，人無以償，汝道聚其券焚之。 縣令李讓為請旌其家。
Deeply brotherly, when his two younger brothers split the household he gave them all the best land and houses; when both died young he raised their children as his own. Neighbors like Liu Xian were destitute; Rudao gave each a parcel of his own land to live on for life. When plague struck, some recovered after eating melons and sweating; Rudao bought melons and rice and brought them to every door. Some warned, "The sickness spreads—stay out." He ignored them, went from house to house asking after the sick, and never fell ill. For the dead he gave coffins; all were deeply moved. He had lent grain; when locusts ruined the harvest and debtors could not pay, he burned their IOUs. Magistrate Li Rang petitioned to commend his household.