1
高麗本箕子所封之地，又扶餘別種嘗居之。 其地東至新羅，南至百濟，皆跨大海，西北度遼水接營州，而靺鞨在其北。 其國都曰平壤城，即漢樂浪郡。 水有出靺鞨之白山者，號鴨淥江，而平壤在其東南，因恃以為險。 後辟地益廣，并古新羅、百濟、高句麗三國而為一。 其主姓高氏，自初立國至唐乾封初而國亡。 垂拱以來，子孫復封其地，後稍能自立。 至五代時，代主其國遷都松岳者，姓王氏，名建。 自建至燾凡二十七王，歷四百餘年未始易姓。
Goryeo was originally the domain granted to Jizi, and a distinct offshoot of Buyeo had also settled there. Its lands reached east to Silla and south to Baekje, both beyond the open sea; to the northwest it crossed the Liao River to meet Ying Prefecture, with Mohe to the north. The capital was Pyongyang, the site of the Han dynasty's Lelang Commandery. A river rising from White Mountain in Mohe was known as the Yalu; Pyongyang stood to its southeast, and the kingdom counted on it for protection. Later its frontiers expanded until the three former kingdoms of Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo were united under one rule. Its kings were of the Gao clan; the state endured from its founding until it fell in the early Qianfeng period of Tang. From the Chuigong reign onward their descendants were re-enfeoffed in the land, and in time they gradually regained self-rule. In the Five Dynasties period the man who supplanted the throne and moved the capital to Songak was Wang Geon of the Wang clan. From Wang Geon to Wang Yeol there were twenty-seven kings in all, and for more than four hundred years the ruling surname never changed.
2
入元，太祖十一年，契丹人金山、元帥六哥等領衆九萬餘竄入其國。 十二年九月，攻拔江東城據之。 十三年，帝遣哈只吉、劄剌等領兵征之。 國人洪大宣詣軍中降，與哈只吉等同攻圍之。 高麗王名缺奉牛酒出迎王師，且遣其樞密院使、吏部尚書、上將軍、翰林學士承旨趙沖共討滅六哥。 劄剌與沖約為兄弟。 沖請歲輸貢賦。 劄剌曰：「爾國道遠，難於往來，每歲可遣使十人入貢。」 十二月，劄剌移文取兵糧，送米一千斛。 十四年正月，遣其權知閤門祗候尹公就、中書注書崔逸以結和牒文送劄剌行營，劄剌遣使報之。 高麗王以其侍御史朴時允為接伴使迎之。 帝又遣蒲里也持詔往諭之，高麗王迎拜設宴。 九月，皇太弟、國王及元帥合臣、副元帥劄剌等各以書遣宣差大使慶都忽思等十人趣其入貢，尋以方物進。 十五年九月，大頭領官堪古苦、著古歟等復以皇太弟、國王書趣之，仍進方物。 十六年七月，有旨，諭以伐女直事，始奉表陳賀。 八月，著古歟使其國。 十月，喜速不瓜等繼使焉。 十七年十月，詔遣著古歟等十二人至其國，察其納款之實。 十八年八月，宣差山朮等十二人復以皇太弟、國王書趣其貢獻。 十九年二月，著古歟等復使其國； 十二月，又使焉，盜殺之于途，自是連七歲絕信使矣。
After entering the Yuan era, in the eleventh year of Taizu, the Khitan leaders Jinshan and Marshal Liuge led a force of more than ninety thousand who fled into Goryeo. In the ninth month of the twelfth year they captured Jiangdong Fortress and occupied it. In the thirteenth year the Emperor sent Hazhiji, Zhala, and others at the head of an army to campaign against them. A Goryeo subject, Hong Daxuan, came to the camp and submitted, then joined Hazhiji and the others in besieging the Khitan force. King Goryeo Wang Gyu brought oxen and wine to welcome the imperial troops and sent his privy councilor, minister of personnel, supreme general, and Hanlin academician ex officio Zhao Chong to help exterminate Liuge. Zhala and Zhao Chong pledged brotherhood. Zhao Chong asked that annual tribute be paid. Zhala said, "Your country is distant and hard to reach; each year you may send ten envoys with tribute." In the twelfth month Zhala requisitioned military provisions, and they sent one thousand piculs of rice. In the first month of the fourteenth year they sent Acting Gate Attendant Yin Gongjiu and Secretariat clerk Cui Yi with a peace memorandum to Zhala's camp, and Zhala sent envoys in response. The Goryeo king appointed his attendant censor Pak Siyun commissioner to receive them. The Emperor also sent Puliye with an edict to instruct them; the Goryeo king received him with obeisance and held a banquet. In the ninth month the Imperial Younger Brother, the king, and the marshals Hechen and Vice-Marshal Zhala each sent letters by ten commissioners, including Qingduhusi, urging tribute; local products soon followed. In the ninth month of the fifteenth year the grand headmen Guanguku and Zhugu'er again pressed them with letters from the Imperial Younger Brother and the king, and again sent local products. In the seventh month of the sixteenth year an imperial order informed them of the campaign against the Jurchen, and they at last submitted a congratulatory memorial. In the eighth month Zhugu'er was dispatched to their country. In the tenth month Xisubugua and others were sent in succession. In the tenth month of the seventeenth year an edict sent Zhugu'er and eleven others to Goryeo to verify whether their submission was genuine. In the eighth month of the eighteenth year the commissioners Shanzhu and eleven others again pressed for tribute with letters from the Imperial Younger Brother and the king. In the second month of the nineteenth year Zhugu'er and others were again sent to their country; in the twelfth month another mission was sent, but bandits killed them on the road; for seven years thereafter no envoys passed between the two courts.
3
太宗三年八月，命撒禮塔征其國，國人洪福源迎降于軍，得福源所率編民千五百戶，旁近州郡亦有來師者。 撒禮塔即與福源攻未附州郡，又使阿兒禿與福源抵王京，招其主王，遣其弟懷安公王侹請和，許之。 置京、府、縣達魯花赤七十二人監之，遂班師。 十一月，元帥蒲桃、迪巨、唐古等領兵至其王京，遣使奉牛酒迎之。 十二月一日，復遣使勞元帥于行營。 明日，其使人與元帥所遣人四十餘輩入王城，付文牒。 又明日，遣王侹等詣撒禮塔屯所犒師。
In the eighth month of Taizong's third year Salitai was ordered to campaign against Goryeo; Hong Fuyuan came out to the army and submitted, bringing fifteen hundred registered households, and neighboring districts also sent men to join the invaders. Salitai then joined Fuyuan in reducing unsubmitted prefectures, and sent Aritu and Fuyuan to the royal capital to summon King Wang; the king sent his younger brother, the Duke of Huai'an Wang Yan, to sue for peace, and peace was granted. Seventy-two darughachi were posted in the capital, prefectures, and counties to supervise them, and the army withdrew. In the eleventh month the marshals Putao, Diju, and Tanggu led troops to the royal capital, and envoys came out with oxen and wine to welcome them. On the first day of the twelfth month envoys were again sent to visit the marshals in camp. The next day their envoys and more than forty men sent by the marshals entered the royal city and exchanged documents. On the day after that Wang Yan and others were sent to Salitai's camp to reward the army.
4
四年正月，帝遣使以璽書諭。 三月，遣中郎將池義源，錄事洪巨源、金謙等齎國贐牒文送撒禮塔屯所。 四月，遣其將軍趙叔昌、御史薛慎等奉表入朝。 五月，復下詔諭之。 六月，盡殺朝廷所置達魯花赤七十二人以叛，遂率王京及諸州縣民竄海島。 洪福源集餘民保聚，以俟大兵。 八月，復遣撒禮塔領兵討之，至王京南，攻其處仁城，中流矢卒。 別將鐵哥以軍還。 其已降之人，令福源領之。 十月，遣其將軍金寶鼎、郎中趙瑞章上表陳情。
In the first month of the fourth year the Emperor sent envoys with a sealed imperial letter of instruction. In the third month the Central Lieutenant Chi Ewon and the registrars Hong Geunwon and Jin Qian were sent with state credentials to Salitai's camp. In the fourth month they sent their general Zhao Shuchang, censor Xue Shen, and others to court with a memorial. In the fifth month another edict was issued to instruct them. In the sixth month they slaughtered all seventy-two court-appointed darughachi in revolt, then led the people of the capital and the prefectures to flee to the islands. Hong Fuyuan gathered the remaining people into fortified settlements to await the main army. In the eighth month Salitai was again sent to punish them; reaching south of the royal capital he attacked their Choin Fortress and was killed by an arrow. Lieutenant general Tiege withdrew the army. Those who had already submitted were placed under Fuyuan's command. In the tenth month they sent their general Jin Baoding and supervising secretary Zhao Ruizhang to court with a memorial pleading their case.
5
五年四月，詔諭悔過來朝，且數其五罪：「自平契丹賊、殺劄剌之後，未嘗遣一介赴闕，罪一也。 命使齎訓言省諭，輒敢射回，罪二也。 爾等謀害著古歟，乃稱萬奴民戶殺之，罪三也。 命汝進軍，仍令汝弼入朝，爾敢抗拒，竄諸海島，罪四也。 汝等民戶不拘集見數，輒敢妄奏，罪五也。」 十月，復遣兵攻陷已附西京等處降民，劫洪福源家。
In the fourth month of the fifth year an edict urged repentance and a visit to court, listing five crimes: "Since the Khitan rebels were pacified and Zhala was killed, you have never sent a single envoy to the throne—crime one. When imperial envoys came with admonitory instructions, you dared to drive them back by force—crime two. You plotted to murder Zhugu'er, yet claimed that Wannu's commoners killed him—crime three. You were ordered to advance your armies and still to send your heir to court; you resisted and fled to the islands—crime four. Your registered households did not match the muster rolls, yet you dared to report falsely—crime five." In the tenth month they again sent troops, overran communities that had already submitted in the Western Capital region, and plundered Hong Fuyuan's household.
6
六年，福源得請，領其降民遷居東京，賜佩金符。
In the sixth year Fuyuan obtained permission to move his surrendered people to Dongjing and was granted a gold tally.
7
七年，命唐古與洪福源領兵征之。
In the seventh year Tanggu and Hong Fuyuan were ordered to lead troops against them.
8
九年，拔其龍岡、咸從等十餘城。
In the ninth year they captured Longgang, Hyeonjong, and more than ten other cities.
9
十年五月，其國人趙玄習、李元祐等率二千人迎降，命居東京，受洪福源節制，且賜御前銀符，使玄習等佩之，以招未降民戶。 又李君式等十二人來降，待之如玄習焉。 十二月，遣其將軍金寶鼎、御史宋彥琦等奉表入朝。
In the fifth month of the tenth year Zhao Xuanxi, Li Won'yu, and others led two thousand men to submit; they were settled in Dongjing under Hong Fuyuan's command, given imperial silver tallies to wear, and sent to win over households still holding out. Li Gun-seok and twelve others also submitted and were treated the same way as Xuanxi. In the twelfth month they sent their general Jin Baoding, censor Song Yeon-gi, and others to court with a memorial.
10
十一年五月，詔徵入朝，以母喪辭。 六月，乃遣其禮賓卿盧演、禮賓少卿金謙充進奉使、副，奉表入朝。 十月，有旨諭，徵其親朝於明年。 十二月，遣其新安公王佺與寶鼎、彥琦等百四十八人奉表入貢。
In the fifth month of the eleventh year an edict summoned him to court, but he declined on account of his mother's death. In the sixth month he sent his Master of Guests Lu Yeon and Vice Master of Guests Jin Qian as chief tributary envoy and deputy with a memorial to court. In the tenth month an order was issued requiring him to come to court in person the following year. In the twelfth month he sent the Duke of Xin'an Wang Yeon, Jin Baoding, Song Yeon-gi, and one hundred forty-eight others to court with tribute.
11
十二年三月，又遣其右諫議大夫趙修、閤門祗候金成寶等奉表入貢。 五月，復下詔諭之。 十二月，遣其禮賓少卿宋彥琦、侍御史權韙充行李使入貢。 是歲，攻拔昌、朔等州。
In the third month of the twelfth year he again sent his Right Remonstrator Zhao Su, Gate Attendant Jin Seongbo, and others with tribute. In the fifth month another edict was issued to instruct them. In the twelfth month he sent Vice Master of Guests Song Yeon-gi and attendant censor Gwon Hwi as baggage envoys with tribute. That year they captured the prefectures of Chang, Seo, and others.
12
十三年秋，以族子綧為己子入質。
In the autumn of the thirteenth year he sent his clansman Son, presented as his own son, to court as a hostage.
13
當定宗、憲宗之世，歲貢不入，故自定宗二年至憲宗八年，凡四命將征之，凡拔其城十有四。 憲宗末，遣其世子倎入朝。
Under Dingzong and Xianzong annual tribute ceased, so from Dingzong's second year to Xianzong's eighth year generals were sent on campaign four times and fourteen of their cities were taken. At the end of Xianzong's reign he sent his heir, Prince Che, to court.
14
我太祖皇帝肇開大業，聖聖相承，代有鴻勳，芟夷群雄，奄有四海，未嘗專嗜殺也。 凡屬國列侯，分茅錫土，傳祚子孫者，不啻萬里，孰非向之勍敵哉。 觀乎此，則祖宗之法不待言而章章矣。 今也，普天之下未臣服者，惟爾國與宋耳。 宋所恃者長江，而長江失險； 所藉者川、廣，而川、廣不支。 邊戍自徹其藩籬，大軍已駐乎心腹，鼎魚幕燕，亡在旦夕。
Our Taizu Emperor founded the great enterprise; sage succeeded sage, each generation winning splendid merit, cutting down rival powers and embracing all within the Four Seas, yet never delighting in slaughter for its own sake. The vassal states and enfeoffed lords who received fiefs and passed their domains to their sons stretch more than ten thousand li—were they not all once formidable foes? Seen in this light, the ancestral way needs no words to make it clear. Now, under all heaven only your country and Song have not yet submitted. Song relied on the Yangtze, but the Yangtze no longer protects it; it counted on Sichuan and Guangdong, yet Sichuan and Guangdong can no longer sustain it. Its border defenses have already fallen away, and great armies already stand in its heartland; like fish in a cauldron or swallows under a roof, its end is near.
15
爾初以世子奉幣納款，束身歸朝，含哀請命，良可矜憫，故遣歸國，完復舊疆，安爾田疇，保爾室家，弘好生之大德，捐宿構之細故也。 用是已嘗戒敕邊將，斂兵待命，東方既定，則將迴戈於錢塘。 迨餘半載，乃知爾國內亂渝盟，邊將復請戒嚴，此何故也？ 以謂果內亂耶，權臣何不自立，而立世孫？ 以謂傳聞之誤耶，世子何不之國而盤桓於境上也？ 豈以世子之歸愆期，而左右自相猜疑，私憂過計而然耶？ 重念島嶼殘民，久罹塗炭，窮兵極討，殆非本心。 且御失其道，則天下狙詐咸作敵； 推赤心置人腹中，則反側之輩自安矣。 悠悠之言，又何足校。 申命邊閫，斷自予衷，無以逋逃間執政，無以飛語亂定盟。 惟事推誠，一切勿問。 宜施曠蕩之恩，一新遐邇之化。 自尚書金仁雋以次，中外枝黨、官吏、軍民，聖旨到日已前，或有首謀內亂，旅拒王師，已降附而還叛，因仇讎而擅殺，無所歸而背主亡命，不得已而隨衆脅從，應據國人但曾犯法，罪無輕重咸赦除之。
You first sent your heir with gifts to submit, came yourself in mourning garb to beg for mercy—a case truly deserving pity; therefore you were sent home, your old domain restored, your fields secured, your households protected, extending the great virtue of cherishing life and setting aside old grievances. For this reason the border generals were already ordered to hold their armies in readiness; once the east was settled they would turn their spears toward Qiantang. After half a year it became clear that your country had fallen into internal disorder and broken the covenant, and the border generals again asked for martial alert—what is the reason for this? If there was truly internal disorder, why did the powerful minister not seize the throne himself but instead set up the heir's descendant? If it was mere rumor, why did the heir not enter the country but linger on the border? Could it be that because the heir's return was overdue, those around him grew suspicious through private anxiety and excessive caution? Thinking again of the remnant people on the islands who have long suffered ruin, to press war to the limit is hardly our true intent. When the ruler loses the Way, deceit and treachery throughout the realm all become enemies; but when one lays an open heart in another's breast, those of contrary intent will be at peace of themselves. Idle rumors are not worth answering. Orders are reaffirmed to the border command: my mind is decided—do not let fugitives come between the government, and do not let flying rumors disturb the settled covenant. Only act with sincerity in all matters; question nothing else. Broad pardoning grace should be applied, renewing transformation far and near. From Minister Jin In-gyun downward, whether central or local faction, officials, soldiers, or civilians, before the day this sacred edict arrives—whether chief instigators of internal disorder, resisting the royal army, having submitted and then rebelled again, killing through private enmity, having nowhere to turn and fleeing from their lord, or forced to follow the crowd against their will—all subjects of the country who once violated the law, whatever the gravity of the crime, are pardoned and absolved.
16
世子其趣裝命駕，歸國知政，解仇釋憾，布德施恩。 緬惟瘡痍之民，正在撫綏之日，出彼滄溟，宅於平壤。 賣刀劍而買牛犢，捨干戈而操耒耜，凡可援濟，毋憚勤勞。 苟富庶之有徵，冀禮義之可復，亟正疆界，以定民心，我師不復踰限矣。 大號一出，朕不食言。 復有敢踵亂犯上者，非干爾主，乃亂我典刑，國有常憲，人得誅之。 於戲！ 世子其王矣，往欽哉，恭承丕訓，永為東藩，以揚我休命。
Heir, make ready and set out at once; return to govern your state, resolve hatreds and release grievances, spread virtue and bestow grace. Think of the wounded people—this is precisely the time to soothe them; lead them from the eastern sea to dwell in Pyongyang. Sell swords to buy oxen, lay aside weapons for ploughs; in every way that aid can be given, spare no labor. If prosperity shows its signs, then rites and righteousness may be restored; swiftly rectify your boundaries to settle the people's hearts, and our armies will not again cross the line. Once this great proclamation issues, I will not go back on my word. If anyone dares again to foment rebellion and offend superiors, it will not implicate your lord but will disturb our statutes; the state has fixed punishments, and anyone may execute such offenders. Alas! Heir, take the kingship; go—revere this charge, continue the great instruction, and forever be the eastern feudatory, to manifest our gracious mandate.
17
四月，復降旨諭倎曰：「朕祗若天命，獲承祖宗休烈，仰惟覆燾，一視同仁，無遐邇小大之間也。 以爾歸款，既冊為王還國，今得爾與邊將之書，因知其上下之情，朕甚憫焉。」 倎求出水就陸，免軍馬侵擾，還被虜及逃民，皆從之。 詔班師，乃赦其境內。 六月，倎遣其子永安公僖、判司宰事韓即入賀即位，以國王封冊、王印及虎符賜之。 是月，又下詔撫諭之。
In the fourth month another edict was issued to Che, saying, "I reverently follow Heaven's mandate and inherit my ancestors' glorious enterprise; looking up I cover and nurture all alike, making no distinction between far and near, small and great. Because you submitted and were enfeoffed as king and sent home, I have now received your letters and those of the border generals and understand the feelings of your court; I pity you deeply." Che asked to leave the islands for the mainland, to be spared harassment by troops and horses, and to have captives and fugitive subjects returned—all were granted. An edict ordered the armies to withdraw, and a general pardon was then proclaimed within their territory. In the sixth month Che sent his son, the Duke of Yong'an Wang Xi, and the chief of the Office of Royal Granaries Han Je to congratulate the enthronement; the king's patent of enfeoffment, royal seal, and tiger tally were bestowed on him. That month another edict was issued to comfort and instruct them.
18
二年三月，遣使入貢。 四月，倎入朝。 六月，倎更名禃，遣其世子愖奉表以聞。 八月，賜禃玉帶一，遣侍衛將軍孛里察、禮部郎中高逸民護愖還國。 九月，禃遣其侍御史張鎰奉表入謝。 十月，帝遣阿的迷失、焦天翼持詔，諭以開榷場事。
In the third month of the second year envoys were sent with tribute. In the fourth month Che came to court in person. In the sixth month Che changed his name to Chung and sent his heir Prince Sim with a memorial to inform the court. In the eighth month Chung was granted a jade belt, and Palace Guard general Boricha and Ministry of Rites secretary Gao Yimin escorted Sim home. In the ninth month Chung sent his attendant censor Jang Eui to court with a memorial of thanks. In the tenth month the Emperor sent Adishimu and Jiao Tianyi with an edict instructing them on opening controlled markets.
19
三年正月，罷互市。 諸王塔察兒請置鐵冶，從之。 請立互市，不從。 賜禃曆，後歲以為常，禃遣使入謝，優詔荅之。 四月，禃遣其左諫議大夫朴倫、郎將辛洪成等奉表入朝。 六月，遣使入貢。 八月，朴倫等還，賜西錦三段、間金熟綾六段。 十月，詔諭禃籍編民，出師旅，輸糧餉，助軍儲。 是月，禃遣使入貢。
In the first month of the third year the mutual markets were abolished. Prince Tachar requested the establishment of ironworks, and the request was granted. A request to re-establish mutual markets was refused. Chung was granted the imperial calendar, and in later years this became the regular practice; Chung sent envoys to thank the court, and a gracious edict replied. In the fourth month Chung sent his Left Remonstrator Bak Yun, commandant Sin Hongseong, and others to court with a memorial. In the sixth month envoys were sent with tribute. In the eighth month Bak Yun and the others returned and were granted three lengths of western brocade and six lengths of gold-threaded figured silk. In the tenth month an edict instructed Chung to register the people, furnish troops, supply grain rations, and assist military stores. That month Chung sent envoys with tribute.
20
四年二月，以禃不荅詔書，詰其使者。 禃表乞俟民生稍集，然後惟命。 帝以其辭意懇實，允之。 朝貢物數，亦命稱其力焉。 自三月至于六月，禃凡三遣使入貢，賜禃羊五百。 十一月，禃以免置驛籍民等事，遣其翰林學士韓就奉表入謝。
In the second month of the fourth year, because Chung had not replied to the edict, his envoys were questioned. Chung submitted a memorial asking to wait until the people's livelihood had somewhat recovered before obeying orders. The Emperor, finding his words earnest and sincere, granted the request. The quantities of tribute items were also ordered to match their capacity. From the third month to the sixth Chung sent tribute missions three times, and was granted five hundred sheep. In the eleventh month Chung sent his Hanlin academician Han Je to court with a memorial of thanks for exemptions regarding post-stations and registered households.
21
五年正月丁丑朔，禃遣使奉表入賀，諭還使，令禃親朝京師。 四月，以西北諸王率衆款附，擬今歲朝王公群牧于上都，又遣必闍赤古乙獨徵禃入朝，修世見之禮。 五月，禃遣其借國子祭酒張鎰從古乙獨入見，六月乃親朝。 九月，帝以改中統五年為至元元年，遣郎中路得成持赦令，與禃郎將康允紹頒其國。 十月，禃入朝。 十二月，遣禃還國。 是年春，禃遣使入貢。 自是終世祖三十一年，其國入貢者凡三十有六。
On New Year's Day of the fifth year Chung sent envoys with a congratulatory memorial; the returning envoys were told that Chung must come to the capital in person. In the fourth month, because the northwestern princes led their followers in submission, it was planned that kings, dukes, and tribal chiefs would attend court at Shangdu that year; Bicheke Guyidu was again sent to summon Chung to perform the rite of audience by generations. In the fifth month Chung sent his acting Director of the National University Jang Eui to follow Guyidu to audience; in the sixth month he came to court in person. In the ninth month, because the fifth year of Zhongtong was changed to the first year of Zhiyuan, Langzhong Lu Decheng was sent with an amnesty, which he promulgated in Goryeo together with Chung's commandant Kang Yunso. In the tenth month Chung came to court. In the twelfth month Chung was sent back to his country. That spring Chung sent envoys with tribute. From then until the end of Kublai's thirty-one-year reign, Goryeo sent tribute thirty-six times in all.
22
至元三年二月，立瀋州，以處高麗降民。 帝欲通好日本，以高麗與日本鄰國，可為鄉導，八月，遣國信使兵部侍郎黑的、禮部侍郎殷弘、計議官伯德孝先等使日本，先至高麗諭旨。 十二月，禃遣其樞密院副使宋君斐、借禮部侍郎金贊等導詔使黑的、殷弘等往日本，不至而還。
In the second month of Zhiyuan 3 Shen Prefecture was established to settle surrendered Goryeo subjects. The Emperor wished to open relations with Japan; because Goryeo bordered Japan and could serve as guide, in the eighth month he sent credentialed envoys Vice Minister of War Hei Di, Vice Minister of Rites Yin Hong, and planning officer Bode Xiaoxian to Japan, first reaching Goryeo to convey the imperial intent. In the twelfth month Chung sent his privy council vice commissioner Song Gunbi, acting Vice Minister of Rites Kim Chan, and others to guide the imperial envoys Hei Di and Yin Hong to Japan; they did not reach Japan and returned.
23
四年正月，禃遣君斐等奉表從黑的等入朝。 六月，帝以禃飾辭，令去使徒還，復遣黑的與君斐等以詔諭禃，委以日本事，以必得其要領為期。 九月，禃遣其起居舍人潘阜、書狀官李挺充國信使，持書詣日本。
In the first month of the fourth year Chung sent Gunbi and others to court with a memorial, following Hei Di and the rest. In the sixth month the Emperor, finding Chung's words evasive, ordered the departing envoys to return empty-handed; Hei Di and Gunbi were again sent with an edict instructing Chung and entrusting him with Japanese affairs, on condition that the essential points must be obtained. In the ninth month Chung sent his chamberlain for attendance Pan Fu and document officer Li Ting as credentialed envoys with a letter to Japan.
24
五年正月，禃遣其弟淐入朝。 帝以禃見欺於淐，面數其事切責之。 特遣北京路緫管兼大定府尹于也孫脫、禮部郎中孟甲持詔諭禃，其略曰：「向請撤兵，則已撤之矣。 三年當去水就陸，而前言無徵也。 又太祖法制，凡內屬之國，納質、助軍、輸糧、設驛、編戶籍、置長官，已嘗明諭之，而稽延至今，終無成言。 在太宗時，王綧等已入質，驛傳亦粗立，餘率未奉行。 今將問罪於宋，其所助士卒舟艦幾何？ 輸糧則就為儲積，至若設官及戶版事，其意謂何？ 故以問之。」 三月，于也孫脫等至其國。
In the first month of the fifth year Chung sent his younger brother Cheo to court. The Emperor, because Chung had been deceived by Cheo, recounted the matter to his face and sternly rebuked him. He specially sent Beiping Circuit administrator and concurrent Dading prefect Yexiesuntuo and Ministry of Rites director Meng Jia with an edict to instruct Chung, saying in substance: "When you asked for withdrawal of troops, they were withdrawn. In the third year you were to leave the islands for the mainland, yet your earlier promises have not been fulfilled. Moreover, by Taizu's institutions all inner-subject states must send hostages, assist armies, supply grain, establish post stations, compile household registers, and install chief officials—all this was clearly instructed, yet you have delayed until today without a settled reply. Under Taizong, Wang Son and others had already come as hostages, and post relays were roughly established; the rest for the most part have not been carried out. Now we are about to call Song to account—how many troops and ships will you supply? Grain should be made ready as stores; as for installing officials and household registers, what is your intent? Therefore I ask these things." In the third month Yexiesuntuo and the others reached Goryeo.
25
四月，禃遣其門下侍郎李藏用奉表與也孫脫等入朝。 五月，帝敕藏用曰：「往諭爾主，速以軍數實奏，將遣人督之。 今出軍，爾等必疑將出何地，或欲南宋，或欲日本，爾主當造舟一千艘，能涉大海可載四千石者。」 藏用曰：「舟艦之事即當應命，但人民殘少，恐不及期。 往者臣國有軍四萬，三十餘年間死於兵疫，今止有牌子頭、五十戶、百戶、千戶之類虛名，而無軍卒。」 帝曰：「死者有之，生者亦有之。」 藏用曰：「賴聖德，自撤兵以來，有生長者僅十歲耳。」 帝又曰：「自爾來者言，海中之事，於宋得便風可三日而至，日本則朝發而夕至。 舟中載米，海中捕魚而食之，則豈不可行乎？」 又敕藏用曰：「歸可以此言諭爾主。」
In the fourth month Chung sent his Secretariat vice minister Li Cangyong to court with a memorial, following Yexiesuntuo and the others. In the fifth month the Emperor charged Cangyong: "Go tell your lord to report the true military numbers at once; I shall send men to supervise. Now that troops are to be sent out, you will surely wonder where they are bound—whether against Southern Song or Japan; your lord must build one thousand ships able to cross the open sea and carry four thousand piculs each." Cangyong said, "The ships will be provided at once, but our people are few and devastated; I fear we cannot meet the deadline. Formerly our country had forty thousand troops; over more than thirty years they perished in war and pestilence; now there remain only empty titles such as platoon head and fifty-, hundred-, and thousand-household chiefs, but no soldiers." The Emperor said, "Some have died, but some have also been born." Cangyong said, "Thanks to your sacred virtue, since the withdrawal of troops those who have grown to maturity are only about ten years old." The Emperor also said, "According to what your envoys have said, with a fair wind one can reach Song in three days at sea, and Japan can be reached setting out in the morning and arriving in the evening. If ships carry grain and fish are caught at sea for food, how can it not be feasible?" He again charged Cangyong: "On your return you may convey these words to your lord."
26
七月，詔都統領脫朶兒、武德將軍統領王國昌、武略將軍副統領劉傑等使其國，與其來朝者大將軍崔東秀偕行。 八月，至其國，禃出昇天府迎之，蓋諭以閱軍造船也。 九月，以禃表奏潘阜等奉使無功而還，復遣黑的等使日本，詔禃遣重臣導送。 十二月，禃遣其知門下省事申思佺、禮部侍郎陳井、起居舍人潘阜等從國信使黑的等赴日本，借禮部侍郎張鎰奉表從脫朶兒入朝。
In the seventh month an edict ordered supreme commander Tuoduo'er, Martial Virtue general commander Wang Guochang, Martial Strategy general vice commander Liu Jie, and others to Goryeo, traveling with the great general Choe Dongsu who had come to court. In the eighth month they reached Goryeo; Chung came out from Shengtian Prefecture to welcome them, for they had come to inspect troops and oversee shipbuilding. In the ninth month, because Chung reported that Pan Fu's mission had returned without success, Hei Di and others were again sent to Japan, and Chung was ordered to send high ministers to guide and escort them. In the twelfth month Chung sent his Secretariat affairs officer Sin Sijeon, Vice Minister of Rites Chen Jing, chamberlain Pan Fu, and others to accompany the credentialed envoys Hei Di to Japan; acting Vice Minister of Rites Jang Eui went to court with a memorial, following Tuoduo'er.
27
六年正月，禃遣其大將軍康允紹奉表奏誅權臣金俊等。 三月，禃復遣申思佺奉表從黑的入朝。 六月，禃遣其世子愖入朝。 賜禃玉帶一，愖金五十兩，從官銀幣有差。 七月，帝遣明威將軍都統領脫朶兒、武德將軍統領王國昌、武略將軍副統領劉傑相視耽羅等處道路，詔禃選官引達，以人言耽羅海道往南宋、日本甚易故也。
In the first month of the sixth year Chung sent his great general Kang Yunso with a memorial reporting the execution of the powerful minister Kim Jun and others. In the third month Chung again sent Sin Sijeon to court with a memorial, following Hei Di. In the sixth month Chung sent his heir Prince Sim to court. Chung was granted a jade belt; Sim was granted fifty taels of gold; accompanying officials received silver in varying amounts. In the seventh month the Emperor sent Tuoduo'er, Wang Guochang, and Liu Jie to inspect the roads at Tamna and elsewhere; Chung was ordered to select officials to guide them, because people said the Tamna sea route to Southern Song and Japan was very easy.
28
八月，世子愖至朝，奏本國臣下擅廢禃立其弟安慶公淐事。 詔遣使臣斡朶思不花、李諤等至其國詳問之。 九月，其樞密院副使金方慶奉表從斡朶思不花等入朝。 樞密院御史臺奏，世子愖言：「朝廷若出征，能辦軍三千，備糧五月，如官軍入境，臣宜同往，庶不驚擾。」 帝然之。 詔授世子禃特進、上柱國，敕愖率兵三千赴其國難。 命抄不花往征其國，以病不果行，詔遣蒙哥都代之。
In the eighth month Prince Sim reached court and reported that his country's subjects had on their own authority deposed Chung and installed his younger brother, the Duke of Anqing Cheo. An edict dispatched envoys Woduosibuhua, Li E, and others to Goryeo to investigate in detail. In the ninth month their privy council vice commissioner Kim Banggyeong came to court with a memorial, following Woduosibuhua and the others. The Privy Council and Censorate reported that Prince Sim said, "If the court campaigns, I can furnish three thousand troops and five months' provisions; if the imperial army enters our territory, I ought to go with them so that the people will not be alarmed." The Emperor approved. An edict granted Chung the special advancement and designation Superior Pillar of State; Sim was ordered to lead three thousand troops to relieve the crisis in his country. Chaobuhua was ordered to campaign against Goryeo; because of illness he did not go, and Monggedu was sent in his place.
29
十月，帝以禃、淐廢置乃林衍所為，遣中憲大夫兵部侍郎黑的、淄萊路緫管府判官徐世雄詔禃、淐、衍等以十二月同詣闕下，面陳情實，聽其是非。 又遣國王頭輦哥等率兵壓境，如踰期不至，即當窮治首惡，進兵勦戮。 命趙璧行中書省于東京，仍詔諭高麗國軍民。 十一月，高麗都統領崔坦等以林衍作亂，挈西京五十餘城入附。 遣斷事官別同瓦馳驛於王綧、洪茶丘所管實科差戶內簽軍至東京，付樞密院，得三千三百人。 高麗西京都統李延齡乞益兵，遣忙哥都率兵二千赴之。
In the tenth month the Emperor, holding that the deposition of Chung and Cheo was the work of Im Yon, sent Vice Minister of War Hei Di and Zilai Circuit vice commissioner Xu Shixiong with an edict ordering Chung, Cheo, Yon, and the others to come to court together in the twelfth month and state the facts in person so that right and wrong might be determined. Tounaige and others were again sent leading troops to the border; if they did not arrive by the deadline, the chief culprits would be pursued to the end and troops would advance to exterminate them. Zhao Bi was ordered to conduct the Secretariat at Dongjing, and an edict was again issued to the soldiers and people of Goryeo. In the eleventh month the Goryeo supreme commander Choe Tan and others, because Im Yon had rebelled, brought more than fifty cities of the Western Capital to submit. The judicial officer Bietongwa was sent by relay post to conscript troops from the tax households under Wang Son and Hong Chaqiu to Dongjing; they were handed to the Privy Council, yielding three thousand three hundred men. The Goryeo Western Capital commander Li Yanling requested reinforcements; Monggedu was sent with two thousand troops to join him.
30
樞密院臣議征高麗事。 初，馬亨以為「高麗者，本箕子所封之地，漢、晉皆為郡縣。 今雖來朝，其心難測。 莫若嚴兵假道，以取日本為名，乘勢可襲其國，定為郡縣」。 亨又言：「今既有釁端，不宜遣兵伐之。 萬一不勝，上損國威，下損士卒。 彼或上表言情，宜赦其罪戾，減其貢獻，以安撫其民，庶幾感慕聖化。 俟南宋已平，彼有他志，回兵誅之，亦未晚也。」 前樞密院經歷馬希驥亦言：「今之高麗，乃古新羅、百濟、高句麗三國併而為一。 大抵藩鎮權分則易制，諸侯強盛則難臣。 驗彼州城軍民多寡，離而為二，分治其國，使權侔勢等，自相維制，則徐議良圖，亦易為區處耳。」 黑的等至其國，禃受詔復位，遣借禮部侍郎朴烋從黑的等奉表入朝。 十二月，乃親朝京師。
Privy Council members deliberated on campaigning against Goryeo. Initially Ma Heng argued that "Goryeo was originally the land enfeoffed to Jizi; under Han and Jin it was all commanderies and counties. Now although they come to court, their intentions are hard to fathom. Better to mass troops and request passage under the pretext of taking Japan; seizing the opportunity one can strike their country and reduce it to commanderies and counties." Heng also said, "Now that there is already a provocation, it is not fitting to send troops to attack them. If by any chance we do not prevail, we damage national prestige above and waste soldiers below. If they submit a memorial pleading their case, their crimes should be pardoned and their tribute reduced to soothe their people—then perhaps they may be moved to admire imperial grace. Wait until Southern Song is pacified; if they harbor other designs, wheel the army back to punish them—it will not be too late." The former Privy Council administrator Ma Xiji also said, "Present-day Goryeo is the merger of the three ancient states of Silla, Baekje, and Goguryeo into one. In general, when frontier powers are divided authority is easy to control; when feudal lords are strong they are hard to subdue. Examine the numbers of their prefectures, cities, soldiers, and civilians; divide the country in two and govern it separately, making powers equal so they restrain one another—then one may slowly deliberate a good plan, and disposition will also be easy." When Hei Di and the others reached Goryeo, Chung received the edict and was restored; he sent acting Vice Minister of Rites Bak Hyu to court with a memorial, following Hei Di. In the twelfth month he came in person to the capital.
31
七年正月，遣使言：「比奉詔，臣已復位，令從七百人入覲。」 詔令從四百人來，餘留之西京。 詔西京內屬，改東寧府，畫慈悲嶺為界，以忙哥都為安撫使，佩虎符，率兵戍其西境。 詔諭其國僚屬軍民以討林衍之故，其略曰：「朕即位以來，閔爾國久罹兵亂，冊定爾主，撤還兵戍，十年之間，其所以撫護安全者，靡所不至。 不圖逆臣林衍自作弗靖，擅廢易國王禃，脅立安慶公淐，詔令赴闕，復稽延不出，豈可釋而不誅。 已遣行省率兵東下，惟林衍一身是討。 其安慶公淐本非得已，在所寬宥。 自餘脅從詿誤，一無所問。」 二月，遣軍送禃就國，詔諭高麗國官吏軍民曰：「朕惟臣之事君，有死無二，不意爾國權臣，輒敢擅廢國主。 彼既驅率兵衆，將致爾衆危擾不安，以汝黎庶之故，特遣兵護送國王禃還國，奠居舊京，命達魯花赤同往鎮撫，以靖爾邦。 惟爾東土之人，不知為汝之故，必生疑懼，爾衆咸當無畏，按堵如故。 已別敕將帥，嚴戒兵士勿令侵犯。 汝或妄動，汝妻子及汝身當致俘略，宜審思之。」
In the first month of the seventh year envoys were sent saying, "Recently, having received the edict, I have been restored and was ordered to bring seven hundred men to audience." An edict ordered that four hundred men should come; the rest were to remain in the Western Capital. An edict made the Western Capital an inner subject, renaming it Dongning Prefecture; Cibei Ridge was drawn as the boundary; Monggedu was made pacification commissioner with the tiger tally, leading troops to garrison the western border. An edict instructed the officials, soldiers, and people of Goryeo on account of the campaign against Im Yon, saying in substance: "Since my accession I have pitied that your country long suffered military disorder; I enfeoffed and confirmed your king, withdrew the garrison troops, and in ten years there has been no measure of protection I have not applied. I did not expect that the rebellious minister Im Yon would himself create disorder, on his own authority deposing King Chung and coercing the installation of the Duke of Anqing Cheo; when an edict ordered him to court he again delayed and would not come—how can he be released without punishment? I have already sent the Secretariat leading troops east; only Im Yon himself is to be punished. The Duke of Anqing Cheo himself acted under compulsion and is to be broadly pardoned. As for the rest who were coerced or misled, nothing is to be asked of them. In the second month troops were sent escorting Chung home; an edict instructed Goryeo's officials, soldiers, and people: "I hold that a subject serves his lord unto death without duplicity; I did not expect your country's powerful ministers to dare depose the king on their own authority. Because they have led troops and will bring danger and unrest to your people, for your sake I specially send troops to escort King Chung home, restore him in the old capital, and order darughachi to go with him to pacify your state. You people of the east, not knowing this is for your sake, may grow fearful—you should all be without fear and live in peace as before. I have separately charged the generals strictly to forbid the soldiers from invading. If you rashly stir, your wives, children, and your own persons will be taken captive—think carefully."
32
初，有旨令頭輦哥行省駐西京，而以忙哥都、趙良弼充安撫使，與禃俱入其京； 既而復令行省入其王京，而以脫朶兒充其國達魯花赤，罷安撫司。 四月，東京行尚書省軍近西京，遣徹徹都等同禃之臣鄭子璵等持省劄召高麗國令公林衍。 使還，言：「衍已死，子惟茂襲令公位。 其國侍郎洪文系、尚書宋宗禮，殺惟茂及衍壻崔宗紹。 惟茂弟惟裀自剄。 衍黨裴仲孫等復集餘衆，立禃庶族承化侯為王，竄入珍島。」 大軍次王京西關城，遣人收繫林衍妻子。 行省與禃議遷江華島居民於王京，仍宣詔撫綏之，禃弗從，至入居其舊京，始從行省之議。 六月，禃遣人報有朝廷逃軍與承化侯者以三別抄軍叛。 世子愖復言：「叛兵據江華島，宜率軍水陸進擊之。」 禃復報叛兵悉遁去。 世子愖言：「叛兵劫府庫，燒圖籍，逃入海中。」 行省使人覘江華島中百姓皆空，島之東南，相距約四十里，叛兵乘船候風，勢欲遁。 於是即命乃顏率衆追擊之。 七月，丞相安童等言，頭輦哥等遣大托、忙古來言，令阿海領軍一千五百，屯王京伺察其國中。 遂以阿海為安撫使。 十一月，中書省臣言於高麗設置屯田經略司。 以忻都、史樞為鳳州等處經略使，佩虎符，領軍五千屯田於金州； 又令洪茶丘以舊領民二千屯田，阿剌帖木兒為副經略司，緫轄之，而罷阿海軍。
Initially there was an order that Tounaige's Secretariat should station at the Western Capital, while Monggedu and Zhao Liangbi would serve as pacification commissioners and enter the capital with Chung; later it was ordered that the Secretariat should enter the royal capital, while Tuoduo'er would serve as the country's darughachi and the Pacification Office was abolished. In the fourth month the Eastern Capital Secretariat army advanced near the Western Capital; Chechedu and others, with Chung's subject Jeong Jau, carried provincial orders summoning Goryeo State Duke Im Yon. The envoys returned saying, "Yon is already dead; his son Yuimao has succeeded to the State Duke position. Their Vice Minister Hong Munyeol and Minister Song Jongni killed Yuimao and Yon's son-in-law Choe Jongso. Yuimao's younger brother Yuin slit his own throat. Yon's faction Pei Zhongsun and others again gathered remnant troops, set up Chung's collateral the Marquis of Seonghwa as king, and fled to Jin Island. The main army halted at Wangjing West Pass Fortress and sent men to arrest Im Yon's wife and children. The Secretariat and Chung discussed moving Jianghua Island residents to the royal capital and issuing a soothing edict; Chung refused until he took up residence in his old capital, when he at last followed the Secretariat's proposal. In the sixth month Chung reported that court fugitive soldiers together with the Marquis of Seonghwa had rebelled with the Three Special Striking Forces. Prince Sim again said, "The rebel troops hold Jianghua Island; we ought to lead armies by land and water to attack them. Chung again reported that the rebel troops had all fled. Prince Sim said, "The rebel troops raided the treasury, burned the archives, and fled into the sea. The Secretariat sent men to observe: within Jianghua Island the people were all gone; to the southeast, about forty li away, the rebels waited for wind in boats intending to flee. Nayyan was immediately ordered to lead troops in pursuit. In the seventh month Chancellor An Tong and others said Tounaige had sent Datuo and Mangulai requesting that Ahai lead fifteen hundred troops to garrison Wangjing and observe the country. Ahai was then made pacification commissioner. In the eleventh month Secretariat members proposed establishing a Garrison-Farm Strategic Commission in Goryeo. Xindu and Shi Shu were made strategic commissioners of Feng Prefecture and elsewhere, wearing tiger tallies, leading five thousand troops to garrison-farm at Jin Prefecture; Hong Chaqiu was also ordered to garrison-farm with his two thousand former households; Alatiemuer was deputy strategic commissioner overseeing them, and Ahai's army was dismissed.
33
閏十一月，世子愖還。 有詔諭禃以其陪臣元傅等妄奏頭輦哥國王為頭行省官員數事，及其國私與南宋、日本交通，又往年所言括兵造船至今未有成效，且謂自此以往或先有事南宋，或先有事日本，兵馬、船艦、資糧，早宜措置。 是月，又詔禃曰：「嚮嘗遣信使通問日本，不謂執迷固難以善言開諭，此卿所知。 將經略於彼，敕有司發卒屯田，為進取之計，庶免爾國他日轉輸之勞。 仍遣使持書，先示招懷。 卿其悉心盡慮，俾贊方略，期於有成，以稱朕意。」 初，林衍之變，百姓驚擾，至是下詔撫慰之。
In the intercalary eleventh month Prince Sim returned. An edict instructed Chung regarding his ministers Won Bu and others falsely memorializing that Tounaige the king was head Secretariat official, their country's private contacts with Southern Song and Japan, and that conscription and shipbuilding promised in former years had shown no results—and said that henceforth, whether the campaign came first against Southern Song or Japan, troops, ships, and provisions should be arranged early. That month another edict said to Chung, "Formerly envoys were sent to Japan; who would have thought they would cling to obstinacy and refuse good counsel—you know this. We are about to plan operations there; orders have been issued to garrison-farm as preparations for advance, so as to spare your country future transport burdens. Envoys are again sent with letters first offering invitation and appeasement. You must devote your full mind to assist the strategy and achieve results, to match my intent." Initially Im Yon's revolt had alarmed the people; now an edict was issued to comfort them.
34
十二月，詔諭禃送使通好日本，曰：「朕惟日本自昔通好中國，實相密邇，故嘗詔卿導達去使，講信修睦，為其疆吏所梗，竟不獲明諭朕心。 後以林衍之亂，故不暇及。 今既輯寧爾家，遣少中大夫、祕書監趙良弼充國信使，期於必達。 仍以忽林赤、王國昌、洪茶丘將兵送抵海上。 比國信使還，姑令金州等處屯駐。 所需糧餉，卿專委官赴彼，逐近供給，并鳩集金州旁左船艦，於金州需待，無致稽緩匱乏。」
In the twelfth month an edict instructed Chung to send envoys to Japan, saying, "Japan from of old has been on friendly terms with China and is truly close; therefore I once ordered you to guide envoys to speak faith and cultivate amity, but border officials obstructed them and my intent could not be made clear. Later, because of Im Yon's disorder, there was no leisure for this. Now that your house is settled, Junior Minister and Secretariat Director Zhao Liangbi is sent as credentialed envoy, and he must reach Japan. Hulinci, Wang Guochang, and Hong Chaqiu will also lead troops escorting them to the sea. When the credentialed envoys return, troops are for the time being to be stationed at Jin Prefecture and elsewhere. Required grain—you should appoint officials to supply from nearby, and assemble ships near Jin Prefecture to wait there without delay or shortage."
35
八年正月，禃遣其樞密使金鍊奉表入見，請結婚。 安撫使阿海略地珍島，與逆黨遇，多所亡失。 中書省臣言諜知珍島餘糧將竭，宜乘弱攻之，詔不許。 二月，命忽都荅兒持詔諭裴仲孫。 三月，仲孫乞諸軍退屯，然後內附，忻都未從其請，有詔諭之。 四月，忻都言仲孫稽留詔使，負固不服，乞與虎林赤、王國昌分道進討，從之。 以討珍島諭禃。 五月，忻都與史樞、洪茶丘大敗珍島賊，獲承化侯斬之，其黨金通精走耽羅。 七月，禃遣其上將軍鄭子璵奉表謝平珍島。 世子愖率其尚書右丞宋玢、軍器監薛公儉等衣冠胤冑二十八人入侍。 八月，忽林赤赴鎮邊合浦縣屯所。 九月，禃遣其通事別將徐偁導送宣撫趙良弼使日本。 帝遣愖還國。 十一月，禃遣其同知樞密院事李昌慶奉表謝許婚事。
In the first month of the eighth year Chung sent his privy councilor Kim Ryun to audience with a memorial requesting a marriage alliance. Pacification commissioner Ahai pacified Jin Island and met the rebels, suffering heavy losses. Secretariat members said spies reported Jin Island's grain would soon be exhausted and it would be well to attack while weak; an edict refused. In the second month Hududaer was ordered to carry an edict instructing Pei Zhongsun. In the third month Zhongsun begged the armies to withdraw before he would submit; Xindu refused—an edict instructed him. In the fourth month Xindu said Zhongsun detained the imperial envoys and remained stubborn; he asked to campaign with Hulinci and Wang Guochang by separate routes—granted. The campaign against Jin Island was announced to Chung. In the fifth month Xindu with Shi Shu and Hong Chaqiu greatly defeated the Jin Island rebels, captured and beheaded the Marquis of Seonghwa; his follower Kim Tongjeong fled to Tamna. In the seventh month Chung sent his supreme general Jeong Jau with a memorial thanking the pacification of Jin Island. Prince Sim led his Right Vice Minister Song Bin, Armory Commissioner Xue Gongjian, and twenty-eight sons of the gentry and official families to serve at court. In the eighth month Hulinci went to his border garrison at Hepu County. In the ninth month Chung sent his interpreting vice commandant Seo Eung to guide Pacification Commissioner Zhao Liangbi's mission to Japan. The Emperor sent Sim back to his country. In the eleventh month Chung sent his Privy Council vice commissioner Li Changgyeong with a memorial thanking permission for the marriage.
36
九年正月，禃遣其別將白琚偕張鐸等十二人奉表入見。 世子愖以其國尚書右丞宋玢、玢父上將軍宗禮討林惟茂狀，言其功于中書省。 遣郎中不花、馬璘使高麗，諭以供戰船輸軍糧事。 二月，禃致書日本，使通好于朝。 六月，遣西京屬城諸達魯花赤及質子金鎰等歸國。
In the first month of the ninth year Chung sent his vice commandant Baek Gu with Zhang Duo and twelve others to audience with a memorial. Prince Sim, through his Vice Minister Song Bin and Bin's father supreme general Song Jongni's account of campaigning against Im Yuimao, reported their merit to the Secretariat. Director Bulhua and Ma Lin were sent to Goryeo to instruct on supplying warships and military grain. In the second month Chung sent a letter to Japan to open relations with the court. In the sixth month the darughachi of the Western Capital's dependent cities and hostages including Kim Eui were sent home.
37
十年正月，禃遣其世子愖入朝。 四月，經略使忻都同洪茶丘領兵入海，攻拔耽羅城，禽金通精等，奉詔誅之。 六月，禃遣其大將軍金忻表奏攻破濟州。 九月，禃屢言：「小國地狹，比歲荒歉，其生券軍乞駐東京，」詔令營北京界，仍敕東京路運米二萬石賑之。 達魯花赤焦天翼還朝。
In the first month of the tenth year Chung sent his heir Prince Sim to court. In the fourth month Strategic Commissioner Xindu with Hong Chaqiu led troops to sea, captured Tamna fortress, seized Kim Tongjeong and others, and executed them by imperial order. In the sixth month Chung sent his great general Kim Heon with a memorial reporting the capture of Jeju. In the ninth month Chung repeatedly said, "Our small country is narrow; famine has struck in recent years; the bond-servant soldiers beg to be stationed at Dongjing"—an edict ordered camps on the Beijing frontier, and Dongjing Circuit was charged to transport twenty thousand piculs of rice for relief. Darughachi Jiao Tianyi returned to court.
38
十二年七月，黑的還朝。 十一月，遣使諭愖改官職名號，愖遣其帶方侯王澂率衣冠子弟二十人入侍。 以石抹天衢充副達魯花赤。
In the twelfth year, seventh month, Hei Di returned to court. In the eleventh month envoys were sent instructing Sim to change office titles; Sim sent his Marquis of Daebang Wang Seung with twenty gentry sons to serve at court. Shimotianqu was appointed vice darughachi.
39
十三年七月，愖遣其僉議中贊金方慶奉表賀平宋。 十一月，愖遣其判祕書寺事朱悅奉表，奏改名賰。
In the thirteenth year, seventh month, Sim sent his Consultation Counselor Kim Banggyeong with a memorial congratulating the pacification of Song. In the eleventh month Sim sent his Acting Secretariat Director Ju Yeol with a memorial requesting a name change to Seung.
40
十四年正月，金方慶等為亂，命愖治之，仍命忻都、洪茶丘飭兵禦備。
In the first month of the fourteenth year Kim Banggyeong and others caused disorder; Sim was ordered to punish them; Xindu and Hong Chaqiu were ordered to ready troops in defense.
41
十五年一月，賰以達魯花赤石抹天衢秩滿未代，請復留三年，從之。 東征元帥府上言：「以高麗侍中金方慶與其子羌、愃、恂，壻趙抃等，陰養死士四百人，匿鎧仗器械，造戰艦，積糧餉，欲謀作亂，捕方慶等按驗得實，已流諸海島。 然高麗初附，民心未安，可發征日本還卒二千七百人，置長吏，屯忠清、全羅諸處，鎮撫外夷，以安其民； 復令士卒備牛畜耒耜，為來歲屯田之計。」 七月，改鑄駙馬高麗王印賜賰。
In the first month of the fifteenth year Seung, because vice darughachi Shimotianqu's term had expired without replacement, asked that he remain three more years—granted. The Eastern Campaign Marshal's Office memorialized: "Goryeo attendant Kim Banggyeong with his sons Qiang, Hwan, and Sun, son-in-law Zhao Bian, and others secretly maintained four hundred dead soldiers, hid arms and stores, built warships, and stockpiled grain, plotting rebellion; investigation proved the case and they have been exiled to the islands. Yet Goryeo has newly submitted and hearts are not settled; the twenty-seven hundred soldiers returning from the Japan campaign may be placed with senior officials to garrison Chungcheong, Jeolla, and elsewhere to pacify outer tribes and settle the people; soldiers are also to prepare oxen, livestock, and ploughs for next year's garrison-farm plan." In the seventh month the imperial son-in-law Goryeo king's seal was recast and granted to Seung.
42
十六年正月，敕其國置大灰艾州、東京、柳石、孛落四驛。
In the first month of the sixteenth year their country was ordered to establish four post stations: Daehwaai Prefecture, Dongjing, Ryuseok, and Nungnak.
43
十七年五月，賰以民饑，乞貸糧萬石，從之。 七月，以其國初置驛站，民乏食，命給糧一歲，仍禁使臣往來勿求索飲食。 十月，加賰開府儀同三司、中書左丞相、行中書省事。
In the fifth month of the seventeenth year Seung, because the people were starving, begged to borrow ten thousand piculs of grain—granted. In the seventh month, because post stations had been newly established and the people lacked food, grain for one year was granted, and envoys were forbidden to demand food and drink on their journeys. In the tenth month Seung was promoted to identical ceremonies with the Three Dukes, Left Chancellor of the Secretariat, and acting Secretariat affairs.
44
十八年二月，賰言本國必闍赤不諳行移文字，請除郎中員外各一員以為參佐。 賰又請易宣命職銜，增駙馬字，從之。 六月，賰言本國置驛四十，民畜凋弊。 敕併為二十站，仍給馬價八百錠。 八月，陞其僉議府為從三品。 十一月，金州等處置鎮邊萬戶府，以控制日本。
In the second month of the eighteenth year Seung said their country's bicheke did not understand dispatch documents and requested one director and one assistant director as aides. Seung also asked to change the commission title and add the imperial son-in-law designation—granted. In the sixth month Seung said their country had forty post stations and the people's livestock were depleted. An edict merged them into twenty stations and granted eight hundred ingots for horse costs. In the eighth month their Consultation Office was raised to third rank. In the eleventh month the Border-Pacification Ten-Thousand-Household Office was established at Jin Prefecture and elsewhere to control Japan.
45
十九年正月，賰以日本寇其邊海郡邑，燒居室掠子女而去，請發闍里帖木兒麾下蒙古軍五百人戍金州，又從之。
In the first month of the nineteenth year Seung said Japan raided their coastal districts, burned dwellings, and seized women and children; he begged five hundred Mongol troops under Yalitiemuer to garrison Jin Prefecture—granted.
46
二十年五月，立征東行中書省，以高麗國王與阿塔海共事。
In the fifth month of the twentieth year the Eastern Campaign Secretariat was established, with the Goryeo king and Atahai sharing the office.
47
二十八年五月，以賰子謜為世子，授特進、上柱國，賜銀印。 十月，以其國饑，給以米二十萬斛。
In the fifth month of the twenty-eighth year Seung's son Eon was made heir apparent, granted special advancement and Superior Pillar of State, and given a silver seal. In the tenth month, because their country was starving, two hundred thousand piculs of rice were granted.
48
三十年二月，賰遣使入奏，復更名昛，及乞功臣號。 制曰：「特進、上柱國、開府儀同三司、征東行中書省左丞相、駙馬高麗王昛，世守王爵，選尚我家。 載旌藩屏之功，宜示褒嘉之寵。 可賜號推忠宣力定遠功臣，餘如故。 益懋厥勳，對揚休命。」 十一月，昛入朝。
In the second month of the thirtieth year Seung sent envoys to memorialize, again changing his name to Hoe, and begging a merit title. The decree said, "Special advancement, Superior Pillar of State, identical ceremonies with the Three Dukes, Left Chancellor of the Eastern Campaign Secretariat, imperial son-in-law Goryeo King Hoe—guarding the royal fief through generations, chosen to marry into our house. Bearing merit as screen and bulwark of the realm, it is fitting to show commendatory favor. He may be granted the title Merit Lord Who Pushes Loyalty, Displays Power, and Settles the Distance; the rest as before. Further exert your merit and respond to our gracious mandate. In the eleventh month Hoe came to court.
49
成宗元貞二年七月，陞其僉議司為二品。
In the seventh month of Chengzong's Yuanzhen 2 their Consultation Office was raised to second rank.
50
大德元年十一月，封昛為逸壽王，以世子謜為高麗王，從所請也。
In the eleventh month of Dade 1 Hoe was enfeoffed Prince Yishou; the heir Eon was made Goryeo king, as requested.
51
二年七月，中書省臣奏謜有罪當廢，復以其父昛為王。
In the seventh month of year 2 Secretariat members memorialized that Eon had crimes warranting deposition; his father Hoe was again made king.
52
三年正月，昛遣使入貢。 丞相完澤等言：「世祖時，或言高麗僭設省、院、臺，有旨罷之，其國遂改立僉議府、密直司、監察司。 今謜加其臣趙仁規司徒、司空、侍中之職。 又昛給仁規赦九死獎諭文書。 又擅寫皇朝帝系，及自造曆，加其女為令妃。 又立資政院，以崔沖紹為興祿大夫。 又嘗奉太后旨，公主與謜兩位下怯薛合併為一。 謜不奉旨。 謜又擅殺千戶金呂而以其金符給宦者朮合兒。 又仁規進女侍謜，有巫蠱事。 今乞將仁規、沖紹發付京兆、鞏昌兩路安置，不得他適。 昛行事不法，謜年少妄殺無辜，乞降詔戒飭。」 帝命杖仁規、沖紹而遣之。 二月，詔諭昛并闔境臣民：「自今以始，勉遵守國之規，益謹畏天之戒。 凡在官者，各勤乃事，協力匡贊，毋蹈前非，自干刑憲。 緇黃士庶，各安其業。」
In the first month of year 3 Hoe sent envoys with tribute. Grand Chancellor Wanze and others said, "In Kublai's reign, some reported that Goryeo had presumptuously established Secretariat, Academy, and Censorate offices. An imperial order abolished them, and the country then established instead the Privy Council, Secret Direct Office, and Supervisory Office. Now Eon has additionally given his minister Zhao Rengui the posts of Minister over the Masses, Minister of Works, and Palace Attendant. Moreover Hoe gave Rengui a document pardoning nine capital offenses and commending him. He also on his own authority wrote out the imperial dynasty's line of emperors, created a calendar of his own, and raised his daughter to the rank of chief consort. He also established a Council of State Affairs and made Cui Chongshao Grand Master for Glorious Blessings. He also once received the Empress Dowager's order to merge the keshig of the Princess and of the two households under Eon into one. Eon did not obey the order. Eon also on his own authority killed the chiliarch Jin Lü and gave his gold tally to the eunuch Shuqe'er. Moreover Rengui presented his daughter to attend Eon, and there was a sorcery affair. We now ask that Rengui and Chongshao be sent to settle in the Jingzhao and Gongchang circuits and not be permitted to go elsewhere. Hoe's conduct is unlawful, and the young Eon has wantonly killed the innocent. We ask that an edict be issued to admonish and restrain them." The Emperor ordered Rengui and Chongshao beaten with the staff and sent away. In the second month an edict instructed Hoe and all officials and people throughout his realm, "From this time forward, strive to observe the rules of the state and be ever more reverent of Heaven's warnings. All who hold office should each diligently perform their duties, work together to assist and support, and not repeat former errors so as to bring punishment upon themselves. Monks, clerics, and common people should each rest secure in their occupations."
53
五月，哈散使高麗還，言昛不能服其衆，朝廷宜遣官共理之。 遂復立征東行省，命闊里吉思為高麗行省平章政事。 九月，昛遣使入貢，以朝廷增置行省，上表陳情，其略言：「累世有勤王之功，凡八十餘年，歲修職貢。 嘗以世子入侍，得聯婚帝室，遂為甥舅，實感至恩。 使小國不替祖風，永修侯職，是所望也。」
In the fifth month Hasan, returning from his mission to Goryeo, said Hoe could not command his people and that the court should dispatch officials to govern jointly with him. The Eastern Campaign Secretariat was then reestablished, and Kuridzhis was appointed Goryeo Secretariat Grand Councillor of State. In the ninth month Hoe sent envoys with tribute. Because the court had added a Secretariat, he submitted a memorial stating his case, which in summary said, "For generations we have had merit in supporting the throne; for more than eighty years we have annually paid tribute and performed our duties. Our heir once entered court service and obtained marriage with the imperial house, becoming uncle and nephew by marriage. We are deeply grateful for this supreme grace. That our small state may not lose the ways of our ancestors and may forever maintain the duties of a vassal is what we hope for."
54
四年二月，征東行省平章闊里吉思言：「高麗國王自署官府三百五十八所，官四千五十五員，衣食皆取之民，復苛征之。 又其大會，王曲蓋、龍扆、警蹕，諸臣舞蹈山呼，一如朝儀，僭擬過甚。」 遣山東宣慰使塔察兒、刑部尚書王泰亨齎詔諭之，使釐正以聞。 三月，闊里吉思復上言：「僉議司官不肯供報民戶版籍、州縣疆界。 本國橫科暴斂，民少官多，刑罰不一，若止依本俗行事，實難撫治。」
In the second month of year 4 Eastern Campaign Secretariat Grand Councillor Kuridzhis said, "The Goryeo king on his own authority maintains three hundred fifty-eight offices and four thousand fifty-five officials. Their food and clothing all come from the people, and he further levies harsh taxes. At his great assemblies the king uses a curved canopy, dragon screen, and imperial escort; his ministers dance and shout "Long live!" just like court ceremony—his presumptuous imitation is excessive." Shandong Pacification Commissioner Tachar and Minister of Justice Wang Taiheng were sent with an edict to instruct him and to report back after rectifying matters. In the third month Kuridzhis again memorialized, "The officials of the Privy Council refuse to supply registers of households and the boundaries of prefectures and counties. In our country arbitrary levies and violent exactions prevail; the people are few and officials many, and punishments are not uniform. If we rely only on local custom in administration, it will truly be difficult to govern and pacify."
55
五年二月，為昛罷行省官，有詔諭昛。 秋七月，昛上表言：「昔居海島時，嘗用山呼，後改呼千秋。 今既奉明詔，一切皆罷。 又革官府九十餘所，汰官吏二百七十餘員。 他如雜徭病民、馹騎煩擾驛傳者，亦皆省之。」 詔曰：「卿其諭朕意，所言當始終行之，或有不然，寧不羞懼？」
In the second month of year 5 the Secretariat officials for Hoe were abolished, and an edict was issued instructing Hoe. In the seventh month of autumn Hoe submitted a memorial saying, "In former days when we lived on the island we once used the shout of 'mountain!' Later we changed it to 'ten thousand years! Now that we have received the clear edict, all of these have been abolished. We have also abolished more than ninety offices and eliminated more than two hundred seventy officials. Other matters such as miscellaneous corvée that harmed the people and courier horses that troubled the relay stations have also been reduced." An edict said, "You should convey Our intent; what you have stated must be carried out from beginning to end—if not, would you not feel shame and fear?"
56
昛自大德二年復位，八年而薨。 子謜復襲王位。 成宗初年，尚寶塔實憐公主。 十一年，進爵瀋陽王，繼襲位高麗國王，生子燾。 燾受遜位，以仁宗皇慶二年四月封高麗國王。 是年，其弟暠立為世子，以其父瀋陽王請於朝故也。 自傳其子禃，禃傳其子昛，昛傳其子謜，謜傳其子燾，燾傳其弟暠。 禃初名倎； 昛初名愖，又名賰，後乃名昛； 謜則更名璋云。
Hoe resumed the throne in Dade 2 and died after eight years. His son Eon again inherited the royal title. In the early years of Chengzong he married Princess Shililian of the Imperial Treasures Office. In the eleventh year he was advanced to Prince of Shenyang, succeeded to the title Goryeo king, and had a son named Chao. Chao received the abdication and in the fourth month of Huangqing 2 of Renzong was enfeoffed Goryeo king. That year his younger brother Go was established as heir apparent, because his father the Prince of Shenyang had requested it at court. The line passed from his son Chung to his son Hoe, Hoe to his son Eon, Eon to his son Chao, and Chao to his younger brother Go. Chung was initially named Tian; Hoe was initially named Chen, also named Seung, and later named Hoe; Eon then changed his name to Zhang, it is said.
57
耽羅，高麗與國也。 世祖既臣服高麗，以耽羅為南宋、日本衝要，亦注意焉。 至元六年七月，遣明威將軍都統領脫脫兒、武德將軍統領王國昌、武略將軍副統領劉傑往視耽羅等處道路，詔高麗國王王禃選官導送。 時高麗叛賊林衍者，有餘黨金通精遁入耽羅。 九年，中書省臣及樞密院臣議曰：「若先有事日本，未見其逆順之情。 恐有後辭，可先平耽羅，然後觀日本從否，徐議其事。 且耽羅國王嘗來朝覲，今叛賊逐其主，據其城以亂，舉兵討之，義所先也。」
Tamna was an allied state of Goryeo. After Kublai had subjugated Goryeo, because Tamna was strategically important for Southern Song and Japan, he also paid attention to it. In the seventh month of Zhiyuan 6 he sent Tuoduo'er, Wang Guochang, and Liu Jie to inspect the roads at Tamna and elsewhere; Goryeo King Wang Chung was ordered to select officials to guide and escort them. At that time among the remnant followers of the Goryeo rebel Lin Yan was Jin Tongjeong, who had fled into Tamna. In year 9 Secretariat members and Privy Council members deliberated, "If we first take action against Japan, we have not yet seen whether they are compliant or resistant. We fear there will be excuses afterward. We should first pacify Tamna, then observe whether Japan follows or not, and discuss the matter at leisure. Moreover the king of Tamna once came to court; now rebels have driven out their lord, seized their city, and raised disorder. Raising troops to punish them is what righteousness requires first."
58
十年正月，命經略使忻都、史樞及洪茶丘等率兵船大小百有八艘，討耽羅賊黨。 六月，平之，於其地立耽羅國招討司，屯鎮邊軍千七百人。 其貢賦歲進毛施布百匹。 招討司後改為軍民都達魯花赤緫管府，又改為軍民安撫司。
In the first month of year 10 Strategic Commissioner Xindu, Shi Shu, Hong Chaqiu, and others were ordered to lead one hundred eight large and small warships to suppress the Tamna rebels. In the sixth month it was pacified. The Tamna Pacification Office was established there, and one thousand seven hundred frontier garrison troops were stationed. Its tribute and levies were one hundred bolts of felt cloth presented annually. The Pacification Office was later changed to the Military-Civilian Chief Darughachi General Administration, and again changed to the Military-Civilian Pacification Office.
59
三十一年，高麗王上言，耽羅之地，自祖宗以來臣屬其國； 林衍逆黨既平之後，尹邦寶充招討副使，以計求徑隸朝廷，乞仍舊。 帝曰：「此小事，可使還屬高麗。」 自是遂復隸高麗。
In the thirty-first year the Goryeo king memorialized that the land of Tamna had since the time of their ancestors been subject to their country; after Lin Yan's rebel faction was pacified, Yin Bangbao served as deputy pacification commissioner and by scheming sought direct subordination to the court. He begged that the former arrangement be restored. The Emperor said, "This is a small matter; it may be returned to Goryeo's jurisdiction." From this it again came under Goryeo.
60
元世祖之至元二年，以高麗人趙彝等言日本國可通，擇可奉使者。 三年八月，命兵部侍郎黑的，給虎符，充國信使，禮部侍郎殷弘給金符，充國信副使，持國書使日本。 書曰：
In Zhiyuan 2 of Kublai, because the Goryeo men Zhao Yi and others said Japan could be reached, suitable envoys were selected to be sent. In the eighth month of year 3 Vice Minister of War Hei Di was given a tiger tally and made credentialed envoy; Vice Minister of Rites Yin Hong was given a gold tally and made deputy credentialed envoy. They bore the imperial letter as envoys to Japan. The letter said:
61
大蒙古國皇帝奉書日本國王。 朕惟自古小國之君，境土相接，尚務講信修睦。 況我祖宗，受天明命，奄有區夏，遐方異域畏威懷德者，不可悉數。 朕即位之初，以高麗無辜之民久瘁鋒鏑，即令罷兵還其疆域，反其旄倪。 高麗君臣感戴來朝，義雖君臣，歡若父子。 計王之君臣亦已知之。 高麗，朕之東藩也。 日本密邇高麗，開國以來亦時通中國，至於朕躬，而無一乘之使以通和好。 尚恐王國知之未審，故特遣使持書，布告朕志，冀自今以往，通問結好，以相親睦。 且聖人以四海為家，不相通好，豈一家之理哉。 以至用兵，夫孰所好。 王其圖之。
The Emperor of the Great Mongol State sends this letter to the King of Japan. We consider that since ancient times rulers of small states, when their territories adjoin, still strive to keep faith and cultivate harmony. How much more so Our ancestors, who received Heaven's clear mandate, encompassed the Central Realm, and drew distant lands and foreign regions to revere Our might and cherish Our virtue—they cannot all be counted. At the beginning of Our reign, because the innocent people of Goryeo had long suffered under arms, We immediately ordered the armies withdrawn, their territory restored, and their old and young returned. The king and ministers of Goryeo, moved with gratitude, came to court; though the relation was that of lord and subject, their joy was like that of father and son. We reckon that Your Majesty's king and ministers also already know this. Goryeo is Our eastern frontier state. Japan lies close to Goryeo; since the founding of your state you have also at times communicated with China—yet in Our own time not a single envoy has been sent to establish friendship. We still fear Your Majesty's kingdom may not yet have understood this clearly; therefore We specially dispatch envoys bearing a letter to proclaim Our intent, hoping that from now on messengers may pass and friendship be joined, so that we may be close and harmonious. Moreover the sage takes the four seas as one household—if we do not communicate and keep friendship, how can that be the principle of one family? As for resorting to arms—who would prefer that? Your Majesty should consider this.
62
黑的等道由高麗，高麗國王王禃以帝命遣其樞密院副使宋君斐、借禮部侍郎金贊等導詔使黑的等往日本，不至而還。
Hei Di and the others traveled by way of Goryeo. Goryeo King Wang Chung, by imperial order, sent his Privy Council Vice Commissioner Song Gunbi and Acting Vice Minister of Rites Kim Chan to guide the imperial envoys Hei Di and the others to Japan; they did not reach Japan and returned.
63
四年六月，帝謂王禃以辭為解，令去使徒還，復遣黑的等至高麗諭禃，委以日本事，以必得其要領為期。 禃以為海道險阻，不可辱天使，九月，遣其起居舍人潘阜等持書往日本，留六月，亦不得其要領而歸。
In the sixth month of year 4 the Emperor, finding Wang Chung's words evasive, ordered the departing envoys to return empty-handed. Hei Di and the others were again sent to Goryeo with an edict instructing Chung and entrusting him with Japanese affairs, on condition that the essential points must be obtained. Chung considered the sea route dangerous and that the imperial envoys must not be disgraced. In the ninth month he sent his Chamberlain for Attendance Pan Fu and others with a letter to Japan; they remained six months and likewise returned without obtaining the essential points.
64
五年九月，命黑的、弘復持書往，至對馬島，日本人拒而不納，執其塔二郎、彌二郎二人而還。
In the ninth month of year 5 Hei Di and Hong were again ordered to go bearing a letter. They reached Tsushima, but the Japanese refused them entry and returned having seized the two men Taro and Jiro.
65
六年六月，命高麗金有成送還執者，俾中書省牒其國，亦不報。 有成留其太宰府守護所者久之。 十二月，又命祕書監趙良弼往使。 書曰：「蓋聞王者無外，高麗與朕既為一家，王國實為鄰境，故嘗馳信使修好，為疆埸之吏抑而弗通。 所獲二人，敕有司慰撫，俾齎牒以還，遂復寂無所聞。 繼欲通問，屬高麗權臣林衍構亂，坐是弗果。 豈王亦因此輟不遣使，或已遣而中路梗塞，皆不可知。 不然，日本素號知禮之國，王之君臣寧肯漫為弗思之事乎。 近已滅林衍，復舊王位，安集其民，特命少中大夫祕書監趙良弼充國信使，持書以往。 如即發使與之偕來，親仁善鄰，國之美事。 其或猶豫以至用兵，夫誰所樂為也，王其審圖之。」 良弼將往，乞定與其王相見之儀。 廷議與其國上下之分未定，無禮數可言。 帝從之。
In the sixth month of year 6 the Goryeo man Kim Yucheng was ordered to return the seized men. The Secretariat was also to send a dispatch to that country, but again there was no reply. Yucheng remained long at the Dazaifu Guard Office. In the twelfth month Zhao Liangbi of the Secretariat Directorate was again ordered to go as envoy. The letter said, "We have heard that the king has no outside—Goryeo and We are already one family, and Your Majesty's kingdom is truly a neighboring realm. Therefore We once sent swift envoys to establish friendship, but the border officials suppressed them and would not let them pass. The two men who were seized were ordered comforted and cared for by the relevant offices and sent back bearing a dispatch; yet again there was silence and no word. We then wished to communicate again, but the Goryeo powerful minister Lin Yan raised disorder, and on that account it did not come to pass. Perhaps Your Majesty also on this account ceased to send envoys, or perhaps envoys were sent but blocked on the way—all cannot be known. If not, Japan has long been called a state that knows ritual—would Your Majesty's king and ministers willingly do something so thoughtless? Recently Lin Yan has been destroyed, the former king restored, and the people settled. We specially appoint Junior Minister and Secretariat Director Zhao Liangbi as credentialed envoy to go bearing a letter. If you immediately send envoys to come together with him, cherishing benevolence and being good neighbors—this is a fine thing for a state. If you still hesitate until it comes to using troops—who would rejoice in that? Your Majesty should consider this carefully." When Liangbi was about to depart, he begged that the protocol for meeting their king be fixed. Court deliberation held that the superior and inferior status of that country was not yet settled, and no ritual protocol could be discussed. The Emperor assented.
66
七年十二月，詔諭高麗王禃送國信使趙良弼通好日本，期於必達。 仍以忽林失、王國昌、洪茶丘將兵送抵海上，比國信使還，姑令金州等處屯駐。
In the twelfth month of year 7 an edict instructed Goryeo King Chung to escort the credentialed envoy Zhao Liangbi to establish friendship with Japan, with the deadline that he must reach Japan. Hulinsi, Wang Guochang, and Hong Chaqiu were also ordered to lead troops escorting them to the sea. When the credentialed envoy returned, they were for the time being to garrison at Jin Prefecture and elsewhere.
67
八年六月，日本通事曹介升等上言：「高麗迂路導引國使，外有捷徑，倘得便風半日可到。 若使臣去，則不敢同往； 若大軍進征，則願為鄉導。」 帝曰：「如此則當思之。」 九月，高麗王禃遣其通事別將徐偁導送良弼使日本，日本始遣彌四郎者入朝，帝宴勞遣之。
In the sixth month of year 8 the Japanese interpreter Cao Jiesheng and others memorialized, "Goryeo guides the imperial envoys by a roundabout route; there is a shorter path outside, and with a favorable wind one can arrive in half a day. If envoys go, then I dare not go together with them; if a great army advances, then I am willing to serve as guide." The Emperor said, "If so, then this should be considered." In the ninth month Goryeo King Chung sent his interpreting vice commandant Seo Eung to guide and escort Liangbi's mission to Japan. Japan for the first time sent Yonshiro to come to court, and the Emperor feasted and rewarded him before sending him away.
68
九年二月，樞密院臣言：「奉使日本趙良弼遣書狀官張鐸來言，去歲九月，與日本國人彌四郎等至太宰府西守護所。 守者云，曩為高麗所紿，屢言上國來伐； 豈期皇帝好生惡殺，先遣行人下示璽書，然王京去此尚遠，願先遣人從奉使回報。」 良弼乃遣鐸同其使二十六人至京師求見。 帝疑其國主使之來，云守護所者詐也。 詔翰林承旨和禮霍孫以問姚樞、許衡等，皆對曰：「誠如聖筭。 彼懼我加兵，故發此輩伺吾強弱耳。 宜示之寬仁，且不宜聽其入見。」 從之。 是月，高麗王禃致書日本。 五月，又以書往，令必通好大朝，皆不報。
In the second month of year 9 Privy Council members said, "Zhao Liangbi, sent on mission to Japan, dispatched document officer Zhang Duo to report that last year in the ninth month he reached the Western Guard Office of Dazaifu together with the Japanese Yonshiro and others. The guards said that formerly they had been deceived by Goryeo, repeatedly saying the superior state was coming to attack; who could have expected that the Emperor loves life and hates killing, and first sent envoys bearing the imperial letter to show his intent? Yet the royal capital is still far from here; we wish first to send people to return with the envoy and report back." Liangbi then sent Duo together with their envoys, twenty-six men, to the capital to request an audience. The Emperor suspected their king had sent them, holding that those at the guardianship office were deceiving. An edict ordered Hanlin academician ex officio Helihuosun to consult Yao Shu, Xu Heng, and others; all replied, "It is truly as Your Majesty calculated. They fear we will add troops, so they send these men to spy on our strength or weakness. We should show them broad kindness, and for the time being they should not be allowed audience. This was followed. That month Goryeo King Wang Chung sent a letter to Japan. In the fifth month another letter was sent, ordering them to open relations with the great court—there was no reply.
69
十年六月，趙良弼復使日本，至太宰府而還。
In the sixth month of the tenth year Zhao Liangbi again went as envoy to Japan, reached Dazaifu, and returned.
70
十一年三月，命鳳州經略使忻都、高麗軍民緫管洪茶丘，以千料舟、拔都魯輕疾舟、汲水小舟各三百，共九百艘，載士卒一萬五千，期以七月征日本。 冬十月，入其國，敗之。 而官軍不整，又矢盡，惟虜掠四境而歸。
In the third month of the eleventh year Strategic Commissioner Xindu of Feng Prefecture and Goryeo military-civilian commander Hong Chaqiu were ordered to assemble nine hundred vessels—three hundred thousand-picul ships, three hundred Badulu swift light boats, and three hundred water-drawing small boats—to carry fifteen thousand soldiers, with a deadline of the seventh month to campaign against Japan. In the tenth month of winter they entered Japan and defeated the enemy. But the official army was disordered and arrows ran out; they only raided the four borders and returned.
71
十二年二月，遣禮部侍郎杜世忠、兵部侍郎何文著、計議官撒都魯丁往。 使復致書，亦不報。
In the second month of the twelfth year Vice Minister of Rites Du Shizhong, Vice Minister of War He Wenzhe, and planning officer Saduding were sent. The envoys again sent letters; again there was no reply.
72
十四年，日本遣商人持金來易銅錢，許之。
In the fourteenth year Japanese merchants came bearing gold to exchange for copper cash; this was permitted.
73
十七年二月，日本殺國使杜世忠等。 征東元帥忻都、洪茶丘請自率兵往討，廷議姑少緩之。 五月，召范文虎，議征日本。 八月，詔募征日本士卒。
In the second month of the seventeenth year Japan killed the imperial envoys Du Shizhong and others. Eastern Campaign Marshal Xindu and Hong Chaqiu begged to lead troops personally to punish them; the court decided to delay for the time being. In the fifth month Fan Wenhu was summoned to deliberate on campaigning against Japan. In the eighth month an edict recruited soldiers for the Japan campaign.
74
十八年正月，命日本行省右丞相阿剌罕、右丞范文虎及忻都、洪茶丘等率十萬人征日本。 二月，諸將陛辭。 帝敕曰：「始因彼國使來，故朝廷亦遣使往，彼遂留我使不還，故使卿輩為此行。 朕聞漢人言，取人家國，欲得百姓土地，若盡殺百姓，徒得地何用。 又有一事，朕實憂之，恐卿輩不和耳。 假若彼國人至，與卿輩有所議，當同心協謀，如出一口荅之。」 五月，日本行省參議裴國佐等言：「本省右丞相阿剌罕、范右丞、李左丞先與忻都、茶丘入朝。 時同院官議定，領舟師至高麗金州，與忻都、茶丘軍會，然後入征日本。 又為風水不便，再議定會於一岐島。 今年三月，有日本船為風水漂至者，令其水工畫地圖，因見近太宰府西有平戶島者，周圍皆水，可屯軍船。 此島非其所防，若徑往據此島，使人乘船往一岐，呼忻都、茶丘來會進討為利。」 帝曰：「此間不悉彼中事宜，阿剌罕輩必知，令其自處之。」 六月，阿剌罕以病不能行，命阿塔海代緫軍事。 八月，諸將未見敵，喪全師以還，乃言：「至日本，欲攻太宰府，暴風破舟，猶欲議戰，萬戶厲德彪、招討王國佐、水手緫管陸文政等不聽節制，輒逃去。 本省載餘軍至合浦，散遣還鄉里。」 未幾，敗卒于閶脫歸，言：「官軍六月入海，七月至平壺島，移五龍山。 八月一日，風破舟。 五日，文虎等諸將各自擇堅好船乘之，棄士卒十餘萬于山下。 衆議推張百戶者為主帥，號之曰張緫管，聽其約束。 方伐木作舟欲還，七日，日本人來戰，盡死。 餘二三萬為其虜去。 九日，至八角島，盡殺蒙古、高麗、漢人，謂新附軍為唐人，不殺而奴之。 閶輩是也。」 蓋行省官議事不相下，故皆棄軍歸。 久之，莫青與吳萬五者亦逃還，十萬之衆得還者三人耳。
In the first month of the eighteenth year Japan Secretariat Right Chancellor Alahan, Vice Chancellor Fan Wenhu, and Xindu, Hong Chaqiu, and others were ordered to lead one hundred thousand men against Japan. In the second month the generals took leave at audience. The Emperor charged them, "At first because their country's envoys came, the court also sent envoys; they detained our envoys and did not return them—therefore I send you on this expedition. I have heard Han people say that in taking another's state one wants the people and the land; if one kills all the people, what use is the land alone? There is also one matter I truly worry about—that you may not be in harmony. If people of that country come and discuss matters with you, you must deliberate in one mind and answer as with one mouth. In the fifth month Japan Secretariat participant Pei Guozuo and others said, "Our secretariat's Right Chancellor Alahan, Vice Chancellor Fan, and Left Chancellor Li first entered court together with Xindu and Chaqiu. At that time colleagues in the secretariat decided to lead the fleet to Jin Prefecture in Goryeo, join Xindu and Chaqiu's armies, and then campaign against Japan. Because winds and tides were unfavorable, it was again decided to meet at Iki Island. This year in the third month, when a Japanese ship was driven here by wind and tide, their sailors were made to draw a map; thereby Hirado Island was seen west of Dazaifu, surrounded by water, where military ships could be stationed. This island is not what they defend; if we go straight to occupy it and send men by ship to Iki to summon Xindu and Chaqiu to join the advance, it will be advantageous. The Emperor said, "We here do not know their country's affairs in detail; Alahan and the others must know—let them handle it themselves. In the sixth month Alahan could not travel because of illness; Atahai was ordered to take overall military command in his place. In the eighth month the generals had not seen the enemy and lost the whole army in returning; they said, "Reaching Japan we wished to attack Dazaifu; a violent wind wrecked the boats; we still wished to fight, but ten-thousand-household chief Li Debiao, campaign commander Wang Guozuo, sailors' commander Lu Wenzheng, and others would not obey orders and fled. The secretariat carried the remaining army to Hepu and dispersed them to return home. Before long defeated soldiers Chang Tuo and others returned, saying, "The official army entered the sea in the sixth month, reached Hirado Island in the seventh month, and moved to Mount Goryo. On the first day of the eighth month wind wrecked the boats. On the fifth day Wenhu and the other generals each chose sturdy boats and boarded them, abandoning more than one hundred thousand soldiers on the mountain. The masses chose Zhang the hundred-household chief as commander, calling him Commander Zhang, and obeyed his orders. Just as they were felling trees to make boats intending to return, on the seventh day the Japanese attacked and all were killed. The remaining twenty or thirty thousand were taken captive. On the ninth day they reached Hakkaku Island; they killed all Mongols, Goryeo people, and Han people, but called the newly attached troops Tang people, spared them, and enslaved them. Chang and his companions are among these. This was because secretariat officials could not agree in deliberation, so all abandoned the army and returned. After a long time Mo Qing and Wu Wanwu also escaped back; of the one hundred thousand only three returned.
75
二十年，命阿塔海為日本省丞相，與徹里帖木兒右丞、劉二拔都兒左丞，募兵造舟，欲復征日本。 淮西宣慰使昂吉兒上言民勞，乞寢兵。
In the twentieth year Atahai was made Japan Secretariat chancellor, with Cheilitiemuer as vice chancellor and Liu Erbadu'er as left chancellor, to recruit troops and build boats, intending again to campaign against Japan. Huaixi pacification commissioner Angi'er memorialized that the people were exhausted and begged to suspend the campaign.
76
二十一年，又以其俗尚佛，遣王積翁與補陀僧如智往使。 舟中有不願行者，共謀殺積翁，不果至。
In the twenty-first year, because their custom honored Buddhism, Wang Jiweng and the Putuo monk Ruzhi were sent as envoys. Among those on the boats who were unwilling to go, some plotted to kill Jiweng and the mission did not reach Japan.
77
二十三年，帝曰：「日本未嘗相侵，今交趾犯邊，宜置日本，專事交趾。」
In the twenty-third year the Emperor said, "Japan has never invaded us; now Jiaozhi offends the border—we should set Japan aside and focus on Jiaozhi."
78
成宗大德二年，江浙省平章政事也速荅兒乞用兵日本。 帝曰：「今非其時，朕徐思之。」
In Chengzong's Dade 2, Jiangzhe Circuit pacification commissioner Yesudar begged to use troops against Japan. The Emperor said, "Now is not the time; I shall think on it slowly."
79
三年，遣僧寧一山者，加妙慈弘濟大師，附商舶往使日本，而日本人竟不至。
In the third year the monk Ningyishan was sent, granted the title Great Master Miaoci Hongji, to go as envoy to Japan on a merchant ship, but the Japanese in the end did not come.