1
盧辯字景宣，范陽涿人。 累世儒學。 父靖，太常丞。
Lu Bian, styled Jingxuan, came from Zhuo in Fanyang commandery. His family had produced Confucian scholars for generations. His father Jing served as Assistant Director of the Imperial Ancestral Temple.
2
辯少好學，博通經籍，舉秀才，為太學博士。 以《大戴禮》未有解詁，辯乃注之。 其兄景裕為當時碩儒，謂辯曰：「昔侍中注《小戴》，今爾注《大戴》，庶纂前修矣。」
Bian loved learning from his youth, attained broad mastery of the classics, was nominated as a xiucai candidate, and was appointed Academician of the Imperial University. As the Record of Rites of the Elder Dai still lacked a commentary, Bian undertook to annotate it. His elder brother Jingyu, a leading scholar of the day, told Bian: “Long ago the Attendant-in-Chief annotated the Younger Dai’s Record of Rites; now you annotate the Elder Dai’s—you will be continuing the labors of those who came before.”
3
及帝入關，事起倉卒，辯不及至家，單馬而從。 或問辯曰：「得辭家不？」 辯曰：「門外之治，以義斷恩，復何辭也。」 孝武至長安，授給事黃門侍郎，領著作。 太祖以辯有儒術，甚禮之，朝廷大議，常召顧問。 趙青雀之亂，魏太子出居渭北。 辯時隨從，亦不告家人。 其執志敢決，皆此類也。 尋除太常卿、太子少傅。 魏太子及諸王等，皆行束修之禮，受業於辯。 進爵范陽公，轉少師。
When the emperor entered the Pass, events erupted in sudden confusion. Bian had no time to go home and rode out alone to follow him. Someone asked Bian: “Were you able to bid farewell to your household?” Bian replied: “In public affairs beyond the household, righteousness cuts through private ties—what farewell could there be?” When Emperor Xiaowu arrived at Chang’an, Bian was appointed Gentleman Attendant at the Yellow Gate and concurrently Overseer of Composition. Because Bian was steeped in Confucian learning, the Grand Duke treated him with great respect and regularly called on him for counsel in weighty court debates. During Zhao Qingque’s rebellion, the Wei crown prince withdrew to the north bank of the Wei River. Bian accompanied him on that occasion as well, and again told no one at home. His steadfast resolve and decisive action were always of this kind. He was soon made Minister of Imperial Sacrifices and Junior Tutor to the Crown Prince. The Wei crown prince and the other princes all presented the dried-meat gift of discipleship and studied under Bian. He was ennobled as Duke of Fanyang and promoted to Junior Preceptor.
4
自魏末離亂，孝武西遷，朝章禮度，湮墜咸盡。 辯因時制宜，皆合軌度。 性彊記默契，能斷大事。 凡所創制，處之不疑。 累遷尚書右僕射。 世宗卽位，進位大將軍。 帝嘗與諸公幸其第，儒者榮之。 出為宜州刺史。 薨，配食太祖廟庭。 子慎。
After the chaos of the Wei’s final years, when Emperor Xiaowu moved the court westward, statutes and ritual observance collapsed entirely. Bian shaped institutions to fit the times, and in every case they matched the proper norms. He had an exceptionally retentive memory and an intuitive grasp of essentials, and could settle great matters of state. Whatever systems he devised, he carried through without second thoughts. He rose through repeated promotions to Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. When Emperor Shizong took the throne, Bian was promoted to Grand General. The emperor once came with the chief ministers to Bian’s house—an honor few scholars ever received. He was sent out to serve as Governor of Yizhou. After his death he was granted the honor of paired offerings in the Grand Duke’s ancestral temple. He left a son named Shen.
5
初，太祖欲行《周官》，命蘇綽專掌其事。 未幾而綽卒，乃令辯成之。 於是依《周禮》建六官，置公、卿、大夫、士，並撰次朝儀，車服器用，多依古禮，革漢、魏之法。 事竝施行。 今錄辯所述六官著之於篇。 天官府管冢宰等衆職，地官府領司徒等衆職，春官府領宗伯等衆職，夏官府領司馬等衆職，秋官府領司寇等衆職，冬官府領司空等衆職。 史雖具載，文多不錄。
At first the Grand Duke planned to put the Offices of Zhou into practice and put Su Chuo in sole charge of the project. Before long Su Chuo died, and the Grand Duke had Bian finish what he had begun. They then modeled the six ministries on the Rites of Zhou, appointed dukes, ministers, grand masters, and officers, and drew up court ritual, carriages, dress, and implements—largely reviving ancient forms and abolishing Han and Wei usage. All of these measures were carried out. What follows records the six ministries as Bian described them. The Ministry of Heaven supervised the Chancellor of the Secretariat and the rest; Earth supervised the Minister of Education and the rest; Spring the Minister of Rites; Summer the Minister of War; Autumn the Minister of Justice; and Winter the Minister of Works. The annals contain fuller records, but most of the text is omitted here.
6
辯所述六官，太祖以魏恭帝三年始命行之。 自茲厥後，世有損益。 宣帝嗣位，事不師古，官員班品，隨意變革。 至如初置四輔官，及六府諸司復置中大夫，幷御正、內史增置上大夫等，則載於外史。 餘則朝出夕改，莫能詳錄。 于時雖行《周禮》，其內外衆職，又兼用秦漢等官。 今略舉其名號及命數，附之于左。 其紀傳內更有餘官而於此不載者，亦史闕文也。
The Grand Duke first ordered Bian’s six-ministry system into effect in the third year of Emperor Gong of Wei. After that, each reign revised the system with additions and cuts. When Emperor Xuan came to the throne, he no longer looked to antiquity for guidance; ranks and titles were changed as he pleased. Matters such as the first creation of the four auxiliary posts, the reappointment of middle grand masters in the six ministries, and the addition of upper grand masters in the Office of the Imperial Clan and the Inner Scribe are recorded in the outer annals. Everything else was altered from day to day, and cannot be chronicled in full. Even while the Rites of Zhou were nominally in force, inner and outer offices still drew on Qin and Han titles side by side. What follows is a brief list of titles and salary grades, set out on the left. Other offices mentioned in the biographies but omitted here likewise reflect gaps in the record.
7
柱國大將軍，大將軍。 右正九命。
These are the Grand Duke General of the Army and the General-in-Chief. The above offices rank at the full nine grades.
8
驃騎、車騎等大將軍，開府、儀同三司，雍州牧。 右 （正） 九命。
Grand Generals of Fast Cavalry and of Chariots and Cavalry; founding grand commanders with staffs equal to the Three Excellencies; Governor of Yong Province. Rank on the right: (full rank) nine grades of emolument.
9
驃騎、車騎等將軍，左、右光祿大夫，戶三萬以上州刺史。 右正八命。
Generals of Fast Cavalry and of Chariots and Cavalry; Left and Right Masters of Splendid Happiness; governors of provinces with thirty thousand or more registered households. The above offices rank at the full eight grades.
10
征東、征西、征南、征北、中軍、鎮軍、撫軍等將軍，左、右金紫光祿大夫，大都督，戶二萬以上州刺史，京兆尹。 右八命。
Eastern, Western, Southern, and Northern Pacifying Generals, Central Army, Army Suppressor, and Army Pacifier; Left and Right Masters of the Golden Seal and Purple Robe; Grand Commander-in-Chief; governors of provinces with twenty thousand or more households; Metropolitan Governor of Jingzhao. The above offices rank at eight grades.
11
平東、平西、平南、平北、前、後將軍，左、右將軍，左、右銀青光祿大夫，帥都督，戶一萬以上〔州〕刺史，柱國大將軍府長史、司馬、司錄。 右正七命。
Eastern, Western, Southern, and Northern Pacification Generals, Front and Rear Generals, Left and Right Generals, Left and Right Masters of the Silver Seal and Blue Robe, Commander-in-Chief, governors of provinces with ten thousand or more households, and the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of the Grand Duke General of the Army’s headquarters. The above offices rank at the full seven grades.
12
冠軍、輔國等將軍，太中、中散等大夫，都督，戶五千以上〔州〕刺史，戶一萬五千以上郡守。 右七命。
Champion and Assistant-State Generals; Grand Masters of Palace Counsel and of Palace Scattered Service; Commander-in-Chief; governors of provinces with five thousand or more households; prefects of commanderies with fifteen thousand or more households. The above offices rank at seven grades.
13
鎮遠、建忠等將軍，諫議、誠議等大夫，別將，開府長史、司馬、司錄，〔戶不滿五千以下州刺史〕，戶一萬以上郡守，大呼藥。 右正六命。
Far-Pacifying and Loyalty-Establishing Generals; Remonstrance and Sincere Remonstrance Grand Masters; Separate Generals; the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of a founding headquarters; governors of provinces with fewer than five thousand households; prefects of commanderies with ten thousand or more households; and the Senior Huyao. The above offices rank at the full six grades.
14
中堅、寧朔等將軍； 左、右中郎將； 儀同府、正八命州長史，司馬，司錄； 戶五千以上郡守； 小呼藥。 右六命。
Stalwart and Northern-Soothing Generals, among others; the Left and Right Commandants of the Gentlemen; the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of a Three-Excellencies-grade headquarters in a province of the full eight grades; prefects of commanderies registering five thousand or more households; and the Junior Huyao. The above offices rank at six grades.
15
寧遠、揚烈 （伏波） 等將軍； 左、右員外常侍； 統軍； 驃騎車騎府、八命州長史，司馬，司錄； 柱國大將軍府中郎掾〔屬〕； 戶一千以上郡守； 長安、萬年縣令。 右正五命。
Far-Soothing and Glory-Raising (Wave-Quelling) generals of this class; the Left and Right Supernumerary Regular Attendants; Army Commanders in the field; the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of the Fast Cavalry and Chariots and Cavalry headquarters in a province of the eight grades; gentlemen-attendants and subordinates attached to the Grand Duke General of the Army’s headquarters; prefects of commanderies with one thousand or more registered households; the magistrates of Chang’an and Wannian counties. The above offices rank at the full five grades.
16
〔伏波〕、輕車〔等〕將軍； 奉車、奉騎等都尉； 四征中鎮撫軍府、正七命州長史，司馬，司錄； 開府府中郎掾屬； 戶不滿千以下郡守； 戶七千以上縣令； 正八命州呼藥。 右五命。
Wave-Quelling and Light-Chariot generals, and others of that rank; the Commandants of the Imperial Carriage and of the Imperial Escort; the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of the Pacifying, Central Army, Army Suppressor, and Army Pacifier headquarters in a province of the full seven grades; gentlemen-attendants and subordinates of a founding grand headquarters; prefects of commanderies with fewer than one thousand households; magistrates of counties with seven thousand or more households; the Huyao of a province of the full eight grades. The above offices rank at five grades.
17
宣威、明威等將軍； 武賁、冗從等給事； 儀同府中郎掾屬； 柱國大將軍府列曹參軍； 四平前後左右將軍府、七命州長史，司馬，司錄； 正八命州別駕； 戶四千以上縣令； 八命州呼藥。 右正四命。
Manifest Might and Bright Might Generals, and the like; Martial Tigers and Supernumerary Followers serving as Gentlemen Attendants; gentlemen-attendants and subordinates of a headquarters with staff equal to the Three Excellencies; staff officers of the various bureaus in the Grand Duke General of the Army’s headquarters; the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of the Pacification, Front, Rear, Left, and Right headquarters in a province of the seven grades; the Vice Governor of a province of the full eight grades; magistrates of counties with four thousand or more households; the Huyao of a province of the eight grades. The above offices rank at the full four grades.
18
襄威、厲威將軍； 給事中； 奉朝請； 軍主； 開府府列曹參軍； 冠軍輔國府、正六命州長史，司馬，司錄； 正七命州別駕； 正八命州治中； 七命郡丞； 戶二千以上縣令； 正七命州呼藥。 右四命。
Assisting Might and Fierce Might Generals; Gentlemen in Attendance; Court Gentlemen in regular attendance; Army Chiefs commanding detachments; staff officers of the various bureaus in a founding headquarters; the chief clerk, marshal, and recorder of the Champion and Assistant-State headquarters in a province of the full six grades; the Vice Governor of a province of the full seven grades; the Chief Administrator of a province of the full eight grades; the Assistant Prefect of a commandery of the seven grades; magistrates of counties with two thousand or more households; the Huyao of a province of the full seven grades. The above offices rank at four grades.
19
威烈、討寇將軍，左、右員外侍郎，幢主，儀同府、正八命州列曹參軍，柱國府參軍，鎮遠建忠中堅寧朔府長史、司 （錄） 〔馬〕，正六命州別駕，正七命州治中，正六命郡丞，戶五百以上縣令，七命州呼藥。 右正三命。
Fierce Might and Bandit-Subduing Generals; Left and Right Supernumerary Vice Directors; Banner Chiefs; staff officers of the various bureaus in a Three-Excellencies-grade headquarters in a province of the full eight grades; staff officers of the Grand Duke headquarters; and the chief clerk, recorder, and marshal of the Far-Pacifying, Loyalty-Establishing, Stalwart, and Northern-Soothing headquarters, and (the recorder) the marshal; the Vice Governor of a province of the full six grades; the Chief Administrator of a province of the full seven grades; the Assistant Prefect of a commandery of the full six grades; magistrates of counties with five hundred or more households; and the Huyao of a province of the seven grades. The above offices rank at the full three grades.
20
蕩寇、蕩難將軍，武騎常侍、侍郎，開府府參軍，驃騎車騎府、八命州列曹參軍，寧遠揚烈伏波輕車府長史，正六命州治中，六命郡丞，戶不滿五百以下縣令，戍主，正六命州呼藥。 右三命。
Bandit-Sweeping and Hardship-Sweeping Generals; Martial Cavalry Regular Attendant and Vice Director; staff officers of a founding headquarters; staff officers of the Fast Cavalry and Chariots and Cavalry headquarters in a province of the eight grades; chief clerks of the Far-Soothing, Glory-Raising, Wave-Quelling, and Light-Chariot headquarters; the Chief Administrator of a province of the full six grades; the Assistant Prefect of a commandery of the six grades; magistrates of counties with fewer than five hundred households; Garrison Chiefs; and the Huyao of a province of the full six grades. The above offices rank at three grades.
21
殄寇、殄難將軍，強弩、〔積弩〕司馬，四征中鎮撫〔軍〕府、正七命州列曹參軍，正五命郡丞。 右正二命。
Bandit-Exterminating and Hardship-Exterminating Generals; Strong Crossbow and Repeated Crossbow Marshals; staff officers of the Pacifying, Central Army, Army Suppressor, and Army Pacifier headquarters in a province of the full seven grades; and the Assistant Prefect of a commandery of the full five grades. The above offices rank at the full two grades.
22
掃寇、掃難將軍，〔武騎〕、武威司馬，四平前後左右府、七命州列曹參軍，戍副，五命郡丞。 右二命。
Bandit-Scouring and Hardship-Scouring Generals; Martial Cavalry and Martial Prestige Marshals; staff officers of the Pacification, Front, Rear, Left, and Right headquarters in a province of the seven grades; Deputy Garrison Chiefs; and the Assistant Prefect of a commandery of the five grades. The above offices rank at two grades.
23
曠野、橫野將軍，殿中、員外二司馬，冠軍輔國府、正六命州列曹參軍。 右正一命。
Wilderness and Transverse-Wilderness Generals; Palace and Supernumerary Second Marshals; and staff officers of the various bureaus of the Champion and Assistant-State headquarters in a province of the full six grades. The above offices rank at the full one grade.
24
威、武牙將軍，淮海、山林二都尉，鎮遠建忠中堅寧朔寧遠揚烈伏波輕車府列曹參軍。 右一命。
Martial and Martial-Fang Generals; the Huaihai and Mountain-Forest Commandants; and staff officers of the various bureaus of the Far-Pacifying, Loyalty-Establishing, Stalwart, Northern-Soothing, Far-Soothing, Glory-Raising, Wave-Quelling, and Light-Chariot headquarters. The above offices rank at one grade.
25
周制：封郡縣五等爵者，皆加開國； 授柱國大將軍、開府、儀同者，並加使持節、大都督； 其開府又加〔驃騎大將軍、侍中； 其儀同又加〕車騎大將軍、散騎常侍； 其授總管刺史，則加使持節、諸軍事。 以此為常。 大象元年，詔總管刺史及行兵者，加持節，餘悉罷之。 建德四年，增置上柱國大將軍，改儀同三司為儀同大將軍。
Under Zhou practice: anyone enfeoffed with one of the five noble ranks in a commandery or county was also styled “Founder of the State”; those appointed Grand Duke General of the Army, founding grand commander, or staff equal to the Three Excellencies were likewise given the titles Bearer of the Staff of Authority and Grand Commander-in-Chief; a founding grand commander also received [the additional titles Grand General of Fast Cavalry and Attendant-in-Chief; while staff equal to the Three Excellencies also received ] Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry and Regular Palace Attendant; those made Area Commander or Governor were given Bearer of the Staff of Authority and Commander over All Military Affairs. These were the standing additions. In the first year of the Elephant era, an edict declared that only Area Commanders, Governors, and commanders in the field should bear the staff of authority; all other such titles were abolished. In the fourth year of Jiande, the office of Supreme Grand Duke General of the Army was created, and “Staff Equal to the Three Excellencies” was renamed Grand General with Staff Equal to the Three Excellencies.
26
全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。
The entire chapter has been collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Zhou (November 1971).