1
韋瑱字世珍，京兆杜陵人也。 世為三輔著姓。 曾祖惠度，姚泓尚書郎。 隨劉義真過江，仕宋為鎮西府司馬、順陽太守，行南雍州事。 後於襄陽歸魏，拜中書侍郎，贈安西將軍、洛州刺史。 祖千雄，略陽郡守。 父英，代郡守，贈兗州刺史。
Wei Zhen, courtesy name Shizhen, came from Duling in Jingzhao. His family had long been a leading house of the Three Metropolises. His great-grandfather Huidu had served Yao Hong as a gentleman of the masters of writing. He crossed the Yangtze with Liu Yizhen and served the Song as marshal of the western garrison headquarters, administrator of Shunyang, and acting governor of southern Yong. Later, at Xiangyang, he went over to Wei and was made vice director of the palace secretariat; after death he was posthumously honored as general who pacifies the west and governor of Luo. His grandfather Qianxiong had been administrator of Lueyang commandery. His father Ying was administrator of Dai commandery and was posthumously made governor of Yan.
2
瑱幼聰敏，有夙成之量，閭里咸敬異之。 篤志好學，兼善騎射。 魏孝昌三年，起家太尉府法曹參軍。 稍遷直後，除明威將軍、雍州治中，假鎮遠將軍、防城州將。 累遷諫議大夫、冠軍將軍。
From boyhood Zhen was quick and perceptive, with gifts beyond his years, and everyone in the neighborhood looked on him with respect and wonder. He was single-minded in study and also excelled at horsemanship and archery. In Wei Xiaochang year 3 he entered service as legal bureau adjutant in the grand commandant's office. He rose step by step to rear guard, then general of bright might and chief administrator of Yong, with acting rank as general who stabilizes the distant and garrison commander of Fangcheng. He was promoted in succession to grand adviser remonstrating and general who conquers.
3
太祖為丞相，加前將軍、太中大夫，封長安縣男，食邑三百戶。 轉行臺左丞，加撫軍將軍、銀青光祿大夫，遷使持節、都督南郢州諸軍事、南郢州刺史。 復入為行臺左丞。 瑱明察有幹局，再居左轄，時論榮之。 從復弘農，戰沙苑，加衛大將軍、左光祿大夫。 又從戰河橋，進爵為子，增邑二百戶。 大統八年，齊神武侵汾、絳，瑱從太祖禦之。 軍還，令瑱以本官鎮蒲津關，帶中潬城主。 尋除蒲州總管府長史。 頃之，徵拜鴻臚卿。 以望族，兼領鄉兵，加帥都督。 遷大都督、通直散騎常侍，行京兆郡事，進車騎大將軍、儀同三司、散騎常侍。
When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai became chancellor, Zhen was given the added ranks of former general and grand master of palace counsel and enfeoffed baron of Chang'an with a fief of three hundred households. He was transferred to left assistant director of the mobile headquarters, given the added titles of general who pacifies the army and silver-crown grand master of splendid happiness, and appointed bearer of the staff, area commander of Nan Ying, and governor of Nan Ying. He returned to the capital as left assistant director of the mobile headquarters. Clear-sighted and able, Zhen twice held the left assistant directorship and was widely praised for it. He followed the campaign to recover Hongnong and fought at Shaye, for which he was given grand general of the guard and left grand master of splendid happiness. He fought again at Heqiao, was raised to viscount, and his fief was increased by two hundred households. In Datong year 8, when Gao Huan invaded Fen and Jiang, Zhen followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai to meet him. When the army returned, Zhen was ordered to hold Pujin Pass in his existing rank and also serve as lord of Zhongtan walled city. Before long he was made chief administrator of the Puzhou headquarters command. Soon afterward he was summoned and appointed minister of ceremonial. As a man of a leading family, he also took charge of local militia and was given the added rank of area commander. He rose to grand area commander and regular attendant of direct communication and scattered cavalry, acted for Jingzhao commandery, and was advanced to grand general of chariots and cavalry, equal in three departments, and regular attendant of scattered cavalry.
4
魏恭帝二年，賜姓宇文氏。 三年，除瓜州諸軍事、瓜州刺史。 州通西域，蕃夷往來，前後刺史，多受賂遺。 胡寇犯邊，又莫能禦。 瑱雅性清儉，兼有武略。 蕃夷贈遺，一無所受。 胡人畏威，不敢為寇。 公私安靜，夷夏懷之。
In Wei Gongdi year 2 the Yuwen surname was bestowed on him. In the third year he was appointed commander of military affairs for Gua and governor of Gua Province. The province lay on the route to the Western Regions, with tribesmen and foreigners passing through; governors before and after him had mostly taken bribes. When Hu raiders struck the frontier, none of his predecessors had been able to stop them. Zhen was by nature upright and austere, and he also had real military talent. He refused every gift offered by tribesmen and foreign traders. The Hu feared his authority and no longer dared raid. Public and private life grew calm, and both barbarians and Chinese came to trust him.
5
孝閔帝踐阼，進爵平齊縣伯，增邑五百戶。 秩滿還京，吏民戀慕，老幼追送，留連十數日，方得出境。 世宗嘉之，進授侍中、驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 武成三年，卒，時年六十一。 贈岐宜二州刺史。 諡曰惠。 天和二年，又追封為公，增邑通前三千戶。 仍詔其子峻襲。
When Emperor Xiaomin took the throne, Zhen was raised to earl of Pingqi and his fief was increased by five hundred households. When his term ended and he returned to the capital, officials and commoners alike mourned his departure; old and young followed him for more than ten days before he could leave the province. Emperor Shizong praised him and promoted him to palace attendant, grand general of flying cavalry, and opening-office equal in three departments. He died in Wucheng year 3, at the age of sixty-one. He was posthumously honored as governor of Qi and Yi. He was given the posthumous title Hui. In Tianhe year 2 he was posthumously raised to duke, bringing his fief to three thousand households in all. An edict then ordered his son Jun to inherit the title.
6
峻後位至車騎大將軍、儀同三司。 峻弟師，起家中外府記室，歷兵部小府下大夫。 建德末，蒲州總管府中郎，行河東郡事。
Jun later rose to grand general of chariots and cavalry and equal in three departments. Jun's younger brother Shi began as recorder in the domestic and foreign headquarters and served as lower grand master in the small office of the ministry of war. At the end of the Jiande era he was middle director of the Puzhou headquarters command and acted for Hedong commandery.
7
梁昕字元明，安定烏氏人也。 世為關中著姓。 其先因官，徙居京兆之盩厔焉。 祖重耳，漳縣令。 父勸儒，州主薄、冠軍將軍、中散大夫，贈涇州刺史。
Liang Xin, courtesy name Yuanming, came from Wushi in Anding. His family had long been a leading house of Guanzhong. An earlier generation had moved on official business to Zizhi in Jingzhao. His grandfather Zhong'er had been magistrate of Zhang county. His father Quanru had been provincial chief clerk, general who conquers, and grand master of palace dissemination, and was posthumously made governor of Jing.
8
昕少溫恭，見稱州里。 正光五年，秦隴構亂，蕭寶夤為大都督，統兵出討，以昕為行臺參軍。 孝昌初，拜蕩寇將軍，稍遷驤威將軍、給事中。 仍從寶夤征万俟醜奴。 相持二年，前後數十戰，以功 （封） 〔進〕征西將軍。 爾朱天光入關，復引為外兵參軍。 從天光征討，拜右將軍、太中大夫。
From youth Xin was gentle and courteous, and his neighbors spoke well of him. In Zhenguang year 5, when Qin and Long rose in revolt, Xiao Baoyin took the field as grand general and made Xin an adjutant on his mobile headquarters staff. At the start of the Xiaochang era he was made general who sweeps bandits, then gradually rose to general of soaring might and palace attendant. He then followed Baoyin on the campaign against Moqi Chounu. After two years of stalemate and dozens of battles, for his merit [emended: promote] he was promoted to general who conquers the west. When Erzhu Tianguang entered the Pass, Xin was again taken on as outer troops adjutant. He followed Tianguang on campaign and was appointed right general and grand master of palace counsel.
9
太祖迎魏孝武，軍次雍州。 昕以三輔望族上謁。 太祖見昕容貌瑰偉，深賞異之。 卽授右府長流參軍。 大統初，加鎮南將軍、金紫光祿大夫，轉丞相府戶曹參軍。 從復弘農，戰沙苑，皆有功。 除車騎將軍、丞相府主簿。 出為洛安郡守，徵拜大將軍行臺兵部郎中，加帥都督。 十二年，除河南郡守，鎮大塢。 尋又移鎮閻韓。 式遏邊壘，甚著誠信。 遷東荊州刺史。 昕撫以仁惠，蠻夷悅之，流民歸附者，相繼而至。 封安定縣子，邑三百戶。 累遷大都督、車騎大將軍、散騎常侍、儀同三司。
When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai went to welcome Emperor Xiaowu of Wei, the army halted at Yong. Xin, as a man of a leading Three Metropolises family, came forward to pay his respects. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai was struck by Xin's imposing looks and took a deep liking to him. He was at once made chief recorder adjutant of the right office. At the start of Datong he was given general who pacifies the south and golden-crown grand master of splendid happiness and transferred to households bureau adjutant in the chancellor's office. He took part in recovering Hongnong and fighting at Shaye and was rewarded on both occasions. He was appointed general of chariots and cavalry and chief clerk of the chancellor's office. He went out as administrator of Luo'an, was then recalled as great general and mobile headquarters bureau director of the ministry of war, and given the added rank of area commander. In the twelfth year he was made administrator of Henan commandery and garrisoned the Great Walled Fort. Before long he shifted his garrison to Yanhan. He held the frontier strongpoints firmly and won a strong reputation for reliability. He was promoted to governor of East Jing. Xin governed with kindness and grace; the tribes were pleased, and displaced people kept coming back to settle under him. He was enfeoffed viscount of Anding with a fief of three hundred households. He rose in succession to grand area commander, grand general of chariots and cavalry, regular attendant of scattered cavalry, and equal in three departments.
10
孝閔帝踐阼，進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 世宗初，進爵胡城縣伯，邑五百戶。 三年，除九曲城主。 保定元年，遷中州刺史，增邑八百戶，轉邵州刺史。 二年，以母喪去職。 尋起復本任。 天和初，徵拜工部中大夫。 出為陝 （西） 〔州〕總管府長史。 昕性溫裕，有幹能。 歷官內外，咸著聲稱。 尋卒於位。 贈大將軍，諡曰貞。
When Emperor Xiaomin took the throne, he was advanced to grand general of flying cavalry and opening-office equal in three departments. At the start of Emperor Shizong's reign he was raised to earl of Hucheng with a fief of five hundred households. In the third year he was made lord of Jiuqu walled city. In Baoding year 1 he was moved to governor of Zhong, his fief was increased by eight hundred households, and he was then transferred to governor of Shao. In the second year he left office to observe mourning for his mother. He was soon recalled to his former post. At the start of Tianhe he was summoned and appointed middle grand master of the ministry of works. He was appointed chief administrator of the Shaanxi Province the Shaan Province headquarters command. Xin was warm and even-tempered, and capable in office. In every post, civil or military, he won a strong reputation. He died soon afterward while still in office. He was posthumously honored as great general and given the posthumous title Zhen.
11
昕弟榮，歷位匠師下大夫，中外府中郎，蕃部、郡伯、司倉、計部下大夫，開府儀同三司，朝那縣伯，贈涇寧豳三州刺史，諡曰靜。
Xin's younger brother Rong served as lower grand master of craftsmen, middle director of the domestic and foreign headquarters, bureau director in several ministries, lower grand master of accounting, opening-office equal in three departments, and earl of Chaona; after death he was posthumously made governor of Jing, Ning, and Bin and given the posthumous title Jing.
12
皇甫璠
Huangfu Fan
13
皇甫璠字景瑜，安定三水人也。 世為西州著姓，後徙居京兆焉。 父和，本州治中。 大統末，追贈散騎常侍、儀同三司、涇州刺史。
Huangfu Fan, courtesy name Jingyu, came from Sanshui in Anding. His family had long been a leading house of West Province and later moved to Jingzhao. His father He had been chief administrator of the province. At the end of Datong he was posthumously honored as regular attendant of scattered cavalry, equal in three departments, and governor of Jing.
14
璠少忠謹，有幹略。 永安中，辟州都督。 太祖為牧，補主薄。 以勤事被知，每蒙褒賞。 大統四年，引為丞相府行參軍。 尋轉田曹參軍、東閤祭酒，加散騎侍郎。 稍遷兼太常少卿、都水使者，歷蕃部、兵部、虞部、民部、吏部等諸曹郎中。 六官建，拜計部下大夫。
From youth Fan was dutiful and careful, with real talent and judgment. During the Yong'an era he was recruited as area commander of the province. When Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai became governor, Fan was appointed chief clerk. His diligence won notice, and he was praised and rewarded again and again. In Datong year 4 he was brought onto the chancellor's staff as a mobile adjutant. He was soon transferred to fields bureau adjutant and eastern pavilion libationer and given the added rank of vice director of scattered cavalry. He rose step by step to concurrent vice director of the grand master of ceremonial and commissioner of waterways, and served as bureau director in the ministries of barbarian affairs, war, parks and forests, people, and personnel. When the six offices were set up, he was appointed lower grand master of accounting.
15
孝閔帝踐阼，轉守廟下大夫。 以選為東道大使，撫巡州防。 尋加車騎大將軍、儀同三司，封長樂縣子，邑五百戶。 出為玉壁總管府長史。 保定中，遷鴻州刺史，入為小納言。 俄除隴右總管府司馬，轉陝州總管府長史。 徵拜蕃部中大夫，進驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。 復出為隴右總管府長史。 璠性平和，小心奉法，安分守志，恒以清白自處。 當時號為善人。
When Emperor Xiaomin acceded, Fan was made lower grand master who guards the temple. Selected as eastern-route grand envoy, he toured the provinces to comfort troops and inspect defenses. Before long he received the ranks of general of chariots and cavalry and equal in protocol to the three dukes, and was enfeoffed viscount of Changle with five hundred households. He was sent out as chief clerk of the Yubi area headquarters. During Baoding he became inspector of Hong Province, then entered court as junior remonstrating counselor. Before long he was made marshal of the Longyou headquarters and then transferred to chief clerk of the Shaan headquarters. Called to court as middle grand master of the Barbarian Affairs Bureau, he was promoted to grand general of agile cavalry and opening-office equal in protocol to the three dukes. He was again sent out as chief clerk of the Longyou headquarters. By nature Fan was mild and even, careful to obey the law, content with his place and firm in purpose, and always kept himself upright and clean-handed. Contemporaries hailed him as a man of virtue.
16
建德元年，除民部中大夫。 三年，授隨州刺史。 政存簡惠，百姓安之。 其年，增邑幷前二千戶。 六年，卒於位。 贈交渭二州刺史。 諡曰恭。 子諒，少知名。 大象中，位至吏部下大夫。
In the first year of Jiande he was made middle grand master of the Ministry of Peoples. In year 3 he was appointed inspector of Sui Province. He governed with simplicity and kindness, and the people lived in peace under his rule. That year his fief, together with what he already held, was raised to two thousand households. In year 6 he died at his post. Posthumously he was made governor of Jiao and Wei provinces. He was given the posthumous name Gong. His son Liang won notice while still young. During Daxiang he rose to lower grand master in the Ministry of Personnel.
17
辛慶之
Xin Qingzhi
18
辛慶之字慶之，隴西狄道人也。 世為隴右著姓。 父顯崇，馮翊郡守，贈雍州刺史。
Xin Qingzhi, courtesy name Qingzhi, came from Dida in Longxi. His family for generations had been a leading clan of the Longyou region. His father Xianchong had been administrator of Fufeng commandery and was posthumously made inspector of Yong Province.
19
慶之少以文學徵詣洛陽，對策第一，除秘書郎。 屬爾朱氏作亂，魏孝莊帝令司空楊津為北道行臺，節度山東諸軍以討之。 津啟慶之為行臺左丞，典參謀議。 至鄴，聞孝莊帝暴崩，遂出兗、冀間，謀結義徒，以赴國難。 尋而節閔帝立，乃還洛陽。 普泰二年，遷平北將軍、太中大夫。 及賀拔嶽為行臺，復啟慶之為行臺吏部郎中、開府掾。 尋除雍州別駕。
In youth Qingzhi was summoned to Luoyang on account of his learning; he ranked first in the palace examination and was appointed secretariat gentleman. When the Erzhu faction rebelled, Emperor Xiaozhuang of Wei made Minister of Works Yang Jin northern-route mobile headquarters commander to direct the armies of the east against them. Yang Jin recommended Qingzhi as left assistant director on the mobile headquarters staff, charged with planning and counsel. When they reached Ye and learned that Emperor Xiaozhuang had died suddenly, they withdrew into Yan and Ji and sought to rally volunteers to meet the national emergency. Soon afterward Emperor Jiemin took the throne, and they returned to Luoyang. In Putai year 2 he was made general who pacifies the north and grand master of palace counsel. When Heba Yue took command of the mobile headquarters, Qingzhi was again recommended as bureau director in the personnel section and opening-office staff officer. Before long he was made vice prefect of Yong Province.
20
大統初，加車騎將軍，俄遷衛大將軍、左光祿大夫。 後太祖東討，為行臺左丞。 時初復河東，以本官兼鹽池都將。 四年，東魏攻正平郡，陷之，遂欲經略鹽池，慶之守禦有備，乃引軍退。 河橋之役，大軍不利，河北守令棄城走，慶之獨因鹽池，抗拒強敵。 時論稱其仁勇。 六年，行河東郡事。 九年，入為丞相府右長史，兼給事黃門侍郎，除度支尚書。 復行河東郡事。 遷通直散騎常侍、南荊州刺史，加儀同三司。
At the opening of Datong he received the rank of general of chariots and cavalry; soon he was transferred to defender grand general and left grand master for glorious affairs. Later, when Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai campaigned east, he served as left assistant director on the mobile headquarters staff. When Hedong had just been recovered, he retained his existing rank and concurrently served as commandant of the salt-works garrison. In year 4 Eastern Wei attacked Zhengping commandery and captured it, then moved to seize the salt-works; Qingzhi was ready in defense, and the enemy withdrew. At He Bridge the main army suffered defeat; north of the river prefects and magistrates abandoned their posts and fled, but Qingzhi alone held the salt-works and stood against a powerful enemy. Men of the time acclaimed him for both benevolence and bravery. In year 6 he administered Hedong commandery affairs. In year 9 he entered the chancellor's office as right chief clerk, concurrently served as supernumerary gentleman attendant at the yellow gates, and was appointed minister of revenues. He again administered Hedong commandery affairs. He was transferred to regular attendant-in-ordinary of the scattered cavalry and inspector of South Jing Province, with the added rank of equal in protocol to the three dukes.
21
慶之位遇雖隆，而率性儉素，車馬衣服，亦不尚華侈。 志量淹和，有儒者風度。 特為當時所重。 又以其經明行修，令與盧誕等教授諸王。 魏廢帝二年，拜秘書監。 尋卒於位。 子加陵，主寢上士。 慶之族子昂。
Although Qingzhi enjoyed high rank and favor, he was by nature spare and simple and never sought splendor in horses, carriages, or dress. Broad-minded and gentle in temperament, he carried himself like a Confucian gentleman. He was held in particular esteem by contemporaries. Because he was learned in the classics and upright in conduct, he was ordered with Lu Dan and others to teach the princes. In the second year of Emperor Fei of Wei he was made director of the secretariat. Before long he died at his post. His son Jialing served as upper gentleman of the palace quarters. Xin Qingzhi's clansman was Ang.
22
族子昂
His clansman Ang
23
昂字進君。 年數歲，便有成人志行。 有善相人者，謂其父仲略曰：「公家雖世載冠冕，然名德富貴，莫有及此兒者。」 仲略亦重昂志氣，深以為然。 年十八，侯景辟為行臺郎中，加鎮遠將軍。 景後來附，昂遂入朝。 除丞相府行參軍。 大統十四年，追論歸朝之勳，封襄城縣男，邑二百戶，轉丞相府田曹參軍。
Ang, courtesy name Jinjun. While still only a few years old he already showed the purpose and bearing of an adult. A physiognomist told his father Zhonglue, "Your family has borne official rank for generations, yet in reputation, virtue, wealth, and high standing none will equal this boy." Zhonglue too prized Ang's ambition and fully agreed. At eighteen he was recruited by Hou Jing as bureau director on the mobile headquarters staff, with the added rank of general who pacifies the distance. When Hou Jing later came over to the court, Ang entered audience at the capital. He was appointed staff officer in the chancellor's office. In Datong year 14 his merit in returning to court was rewarded with enfeoffment as baron of Xiangcheng, with two hundred households, and he was transferred to land-revenue staff officer in the chancellor's office.
24
及尉遲迥伐蜀，昂召募從軍。 蜀平，以功授輔國將軍，魏都督。 迥仍表昂為龍州長史，領龍安郡事。 州帶山谷，舊俗生梗。 昂威惠洽著，吏民畏而愛之。 成都一方之會，風俗舛雜。 迥以昂達於從政，復表昂行成都令。 昂到縣，卽與諸生祭文翁學堂，因共歡宴。 謂諸生曰：「子孝臣忠，師嚴友信，立身之要，如斯而已。 若不事斯語，何以成名。 各宜自勉，克成令譽。」 昂言切理至，諸生等並深感悟，歸而告其父老曰：「辛君教誡如此，不可違之。」 於是井邑肅然，咸從其化。 遷梓潼郡守，進位帥都督，加通直散騎常侍。 六官建，入為司隸上士，襲爵繁昌縣公。
When Yuchi Jiong marched against Shu, Ang raised troops and joined the campaign. After Shu was pacified, he was rewarded for merit with the ranks auxiliary state general and Wei area commander. Yuchi Jiong then memorialized for Ang as chief clerk of Long Province, with charge of Longan commandery affairs. The province lay among mountain valleys, and local ways were harsh and unyielding. Ang's blend of stern authority and kindness won wide renown; officials and people alike feared yet loved him. Chengdu was a hub of the region, and local customs were tangled and diverse. Because Ang was adept at governing, Yuchi Jiong again memorialized for him to serve as acting magistrate of Chengdu. On reaching the county seat Ang immediately joined the student scholars in sacrifice at the Wen Weng academy and then feasted with them. He said to the students, "Be filial as sons and loyal as ministers; be strict as teachers and faithful as friends — these are the essentials of making a name for oneself. If you do not follow this teaching, how will you win renown? Each of you should strive to earn a good name." Ang spoke with force and clarity; the students were deeply moved and, on returning home, told their elders, "Master Xin's instruction is such as this — we cannot disregard it." From that time villages and market towns grew orderly, and all submitted to his influence. He was transferred to administrator of Zitong commandery, promoted to commandery-level area commander, and given the added rank of regular attendant-in-ordinary of the scattered cavalry. When the Six Offices were established he entered court as upper gentleman of the Directorate of Metropolitan Investigation and inherited the title duke of Fanchang county.
25
世宗初，授天官府上士，加大都督。 武成二年，授小職方下大夫，治小兵部。 保定二年，進車騎大將軍、儀同三司，轉小吏部。 四年，大軍東討，昂與大將軍權景宣下豫州，以功賞布帛二百匹。
At the opening of Emperor Shizong's reign he was made upper gentleman of the Celestial Bureau and promoted to great area commander. In Wucheng year 2 he was made lower grand master of the minor Bureau of Frontiers and put in charge of the minor military bureau. In Baoding year 2 he rose to general of chariots and cavalry and equal in protocol to the three dukes, and was transferred to the minor Ministry of Personnel. In year 4, when the main army marched east, Ang followed Grand General Quan Jingxuan into Yu Province and was rewarded with two hundred bolts of cloth and silk for his merit.
26
時益州殷阜，軍國所資。 經塗艱險，每苦劫盜。 詔昂使於梁、益，軍民之務，皆委決焉。 昂撫導荒梗，安置城鎮，數年之中，頗得寧靜。 天和初，陸騰討信州群蠻，歷時未克。 高祖詔昂便於通、渠等諸州運糧饋之。 時臨、信、楚、合等諸州民庶，亦多從逆。 昂諭以禍福，赴者如歸。 乃令老弱負糧，壯夫拒戰，咸願為用，莫有怨者。 使還，屬巴州萬榮郡民反叛，攻圍郡城，遏絕山路。 昂謂其同侶曰：「凶奴狂悖，一至於此！ 若待上聞，或淹旬月，孤城無援，必淪寇黨。 欲救近溺，寧暇遠求越人。 苟利百姓，專之可也。」 於是遂募開、通二州，得三千人，倍道兼行，出其不意。 又令其衆皆作中國歌，直趣賊壘。 賊旣不以為虞，謂有大軍赴救，於是望風瓦解，郡境獲寧。 朝廷嘉其權以濟事，詔梁州總管、杞國公亮卽於軍中賞昂奴婢二十口、繒彩四百匹。 亮又以昂威信布於宕渠，遂表為渠州刺史。 俄轉通州刺史。 昂推誠布信，甚得夷獠歡心。 秩滿還京，首領皆隨昂詣闕朝覲。 以昂化洽夷華，進位驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司。
Yi Province was then wealthy and fertile, providing resources for army and state alike. The roads were steep and perilous, and brigands plagued every journey. An edict appointed Ang envoy to Liang and Yi, with full authority over military and civil matters. Ang soothed the untamed frontier, settled towns and garrisons, and within a few years brought the region to relative calm. At the opening of Tianhe, Lu Teng fought the tribal peoples of Xin Province but for a long time could not overcome them. Emperor Xiaoyu ordered Ang to move grain from Tong, Qu, and the other provinces to feed the campaign. At that time the people of Lin, Xin, Chu, He, and other provinces had largely joined the rebellion. Ang explained fortune and disaster to them, and those who came over did so as gladly as returning home. He set the old and weak to carry grain and the able-bodied to fight; all were willing to serve, and none grumbled. When he returned from his mission, the people of Wanrong commandery in Ba Province rebelled, besieged the commandery city, and blocked the mountain routes. Ang told his companions, "These rebels are mad with defiance — to go this far! If we wait for orders from the capital, a month may pass; the isolated city has no help and will certainly be lost to the rebels. When someone is drowning at hand, there is no time to fetch a rescuer from distant Yue. If it serves the people's good, one may act on one's own authority. He then raised troops from Kai and Tong provinces, gathered three thousand men, marched at double speed day and night, and fell on the enemy by surprise. He further ordered his men to sing Chinese songs as they marched straight for the rebel stronghold. The rebels had taken no precautions; believing a large relief force was coming, they broke and fled at his approach, and the commandery was restored to peace. The court commended his bold use of discretion to save the situation and ordered Liang Province area commander Duke of Qi Yuwen Liang to reward Ang in camp with twenty household slaves and four hundred bolts of colored silk. Because Ang's reputation and good faith had spread through Dangqu, Yuwen Liang memorialized for him as inspector of Qu Province. Before long he was transferred to inspector of Tong Province. Ang dealt with them in sincerity and trust, and won the warm regard of the Yi and Liao tribes. When his term expired and he returned to the capital, tribal chiefs all accompanied Ang to audience at court. Because Ang had civilized both tribal peoples and Chinese subjects, he was promoted to grand general of agile cavalry and opening-office equal in protocol to the three dukes.
27
時晉公護執政，昂稍被護親待，高祖以是頗銜之。 及護誅，加之捶楚，因此遂卒。
While Duke of Jin Yuwen Hu ran the government, Ang was shown something like familial favor by Hu; Emperor Xiaoyu deeply resented this. When Hu was put to death, Ang was beaten and flogged and died from it.
28
昂族人仲景，好學，有雅量。 其高祖欽，後趙吏部尚書、雍州刺史，子孫因家焉。 父歡，魏隴州刺史、宋陽公。 仲景年十八，舉文學，對策高第。 拜司空府主簿，遷員外散騎侍郎。 建德中，位至內史下大夫、開府儀同三司。 卒於官。 子衡。
Ang's clansman Zhongjing was devoted to learning and had a generous, cultured bearing. His distant ancestor Qin had been Later Zhao minister of personnel and inspector of Yong; the family settled there and remained. His father Huan had been inspector of Long Province under Wei and duke of Songyang. At eighteen Zhongjing was nominated for literary office and ranked at the top in the palace examination. He was appointed chief clerk in the minister of works' office and later promoted to supernumerary attendant-in-ordinary of the scattered cavalry. During Jiande he rose to lower grand master of the Inner Scribe and opening-office equal in protocol to the three dukes. He died at his post. His son was Heng.
29
王子直
Wang Zizhi
30
王子直字孝正，京兆杜陵人也。 世為郡右族。 父琳，州主簿、東雍州長史。
Wang Zizhi, courtesy name Xiaozheng, came from Duling in Jingzhao. His family had long been one of the commandery's foremost houses. His father Lin had been provincial chief clerk and chief administrator of eastern Yong.
31
子直性節儉，有幹能。 魏正光中，州辟主簿，起家奉朝請。 除太尉府水曹行參軍，加明威將軍。 時梁人圍壽春，臨淮王元彧率軍赴援，子直以本官參彧軍事。 與梁人戰，斬其軍主夏侯景超，梁人乃退。 淮南民庶因兵寇之後，猶聚為盜。 彧令子直招撫之，旬日之間，咸來復業，自合肥以北，安堵如舊。 永安初，拜員外散騎常侍、鴻臚少卿。 普泰初，進後軍將軍、太中大夫。 賀拔岳入關，以子直為開府主簿，遷行臺郎中。 魏孝武西遷，封山北縣男，邑二百戶。
Zizhi was frugal by nature and capable in affairs. During Wei Zhengguang the province made him chief clerk, and he entered service as palace attendant. He was appointed acting adjutant in the water bureau of the grand commandant's office and given the added rank of general of bright might. When Liang troops besieged Shouchun and Prince of Huai'nan Yuan Yu marched to relieve the city, Zizhi joined Yu's staff in his existing rank. In battle with the Liang he killed their commander Xiahou Jingchao, and the Liang army withdrew. After the fighting, the people of Huainan still banded together as marauders. Yu put Zizhi in charge of winning them back; within ten days all had returned to their livelihoods, and from Hefei northward order was restored. At the start of Yong'an he was made supernumerary regular attendant-in-ordinary of the scattered cavalry and vice director of the chamberlain for dependencies. At the opening of Putai he was promoted to rear guard general and grand master of palace attendance. When Heba Yue entered the Pass, Zizhi was appointed chief clerk on his staff and then mobile headquarters gentleman. When Emperor Xiaowu moved west, Zizhi was enfeoffed baron of Shanbei with a fief of two hundred households.
32
大統初，漢熾屠各阻兵於南山，與隴東屠各共為唇齒。 太祖令子直率涇州步騎五千討破之，南山平。 太祖嘉之，賜書勞問。 除尚書左外兵郎中。 三年，進車騎將軍，兼中書舍人。 四年，從太祖解洛陽圍，經河橋戰，兼尚書左丞，出為秦州總管府司馬。 時涼州刺史宇文仲和據州逆命，子直從隴右大都督獨孤信討平之。 復入為大行臺郎中，兼丞相府記室。 吐谷渾寇西平，以子直兼尚書兵部郎中，出隴右經略之，大破渾衆於長寧川，渾賊遁走。 十五年，進車騎將軍、左光祿大夫，除太子中庶子，領齊王友。 尋行馮翊郡事。 十六年，魏齊王廓出牧秦隴，復以子直為秦州別駕，仍領王友。 隨、陸初平，授安州長史，領別駕，加帥都督。 轉幷州長史。
Early in Datong the Han-chi Tuyuhun took up arms in the Southern Mountains, allied with the Longdong Tuyuhun as mutual support. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai ordered Zizhi to lead five thousand foot and horse from Jing Province against them; the Southern Mountains were pacified. Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai praised him and sent a letter of commendation. He was appointed outer troops gentleman of the left in the masters of writing. In year 3 he was made general of chariots and cavalry and concurrent secretariat aide. In year 4 he followed Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai to lift the siege of Luoyang and fought at Heqiao, served concurrently as left assistant director of the masters of writing, and was sent out as marshal of the Qin Province headquarters. When Liang Province inspector Yuwen Zhonghe rebelled and held the province, Zizhi followed Longyou area commander Dugu Xin and put down the revolt. He returned to court as gentleman of the great mobile headquarters and recording secretary on the chancellor's staff. When Tuyuhun raided Xiping, Zizhi was sent to Longyou as concurrent troops bureau gentleman in the masters of writing; he routed the Tuyuhun at Changning River and drove them off. In year 15 he was made general of chariots and cavalry and left grand master of splendid happiness, appointed junior tutor to the crown prince, and companion to the Prince of Qi. Before long he governed Fengyi commandery in an acting capacity. In year 16, when Prince of Qi Kuo went out to govern Qin and Long, Zizhi was again made vice-prefect of Qin Province while continuing as the prince's companion. After Sui and Lu were pacified he was made chief administrator of An Province with vice-prefect duties and the added rank of area commander. He was transferred to chief administrator of Bing Province.
33
魏廢帝元年，拜使持節、大都督，行瓜州事。 子直性清靜，務以德政化民，西土悅附。 魏恭帝初，徵拜黃門侍郎。 卒於位。 子宣禮，柱國府參軍事。
In the first year of Emperor Fei of Wei he was made bearer of the staff of authority and great area commander, governing Gua Province in an acting capacity. Quiet and upright by nature, Zizhi sought to civilize the people through virtuous government, and the western regions gladly followed him. At the start of Wei Gongdi's reign he was summoned and made palace gate gentleman. He died at his post. His son Xuanli served as staff officer on a pillar state's headquarters.
34
杜杲字子暉，京兆杜陵人也。 祖建，魏輔國將軍，贈豫州刺史。 父皎，儀同三司、武都郡守。
Du Gao, courtesy name Zihui, came from Duling in Jingzhao. His grandfather Jian had been general who supports the state under Wei and was posthumously made governor of Yu Province. His father Jiao had held equal in protocol to the three dukes and been administrator of Wudu commandery.
35
杲學涉經史，有當世幹略。 其族父瓚，清貞有識鑒，深器重之。 常曰：「吾家千里駒也。」 瓚時仕魏為黃門侍郎，兼度支尚書、衛大將軍、西道行臺，尚孝武妹新豐公主，因薦之於朝廷。 永熙三年，起家奉朝請，累遷輔國將軍、成州長史、漢陽郡守。 世宗初，轉脩城郡守。 屬鳳州人仇周貢等構亂，攻逼脩城，杲信洽於民，部內遂無叛者。 尋而開府趙昶諸軍進討，杲率郡兵與昶合勢，遂破平之。 入為司 （命） 〔會〕上士。
Gao was well read in the classics and histories and had practical talent for his age. His clansman Zan was upright and discerning and thought highly of him. Zan often said, "He is the fine steed of our clan." Zan then served Wei as palace gate gentleman, concurrent minister of revenue, grand general of the guard, and western-route mobile headquarters commander; married Emperor Xiaowu's sister, Princess Xinfeng, and on that account recommended Gao at court. In Yongxi year 3 he entered service as palace attendant and rose in succession to general who supports the state, chief administrator of Cheng Province, and administrator of Hanyang. At the opening of Emperor Shizong's reign he became administrator of Xiucheng commandery. When Feng Province natives Qiu Zhougong and others rebelled and attacked Xiucheng, Gao's good faith among the people kept his district from joining the revolt. When Zhao Chang and other commanders marched to suppress the rebels, Gao led the commandery militia to join him and crushed the uprising. He entered the capital as [emended: Revisions (Hui)] upper steward in the Bureau of Revisions.
36
初，陳文帝弟安成王頊為質於梁，及江陵平，頊隨例遷長安。 陳人請之，太祖許而未遣。 至是，帝欲歸之，命杲使焉。 陳文帝大悅，卽遣使報聘，並賂黔中數州之地。 仍請畫野分疆，永敦鄰好。 以杲奉使稱旨，進授都督，治小御伯，更往分界焉。 陳人於是以魯山歸我。 帝乃拜頊柱國大將軍，詔杲送之還國。 陳文帝謂杲曰：「家弟今蒙禮遣，實是周朝之惠。 然不還彼魯山，亦恐未能及此。」 杲答曰：「安成之在關中，乃咸陽一布衣耳。 然是陳之介弟，其價豈止一城。 本朝親睦九族，恕己及物，上遵太祖遺旨，下思繼好之義。 所以發德音者，蓋為此也。 若知止侔魯山，固當不貪一鎮。 況魯山梁之舊地，梁卽本朝蕃臣，若以始末言之，魯山自合歸國。 云以尋常之土，易己骨肉之親，使臣猶謂不可，何以聞諸朝廷。」 陳文帝慚恧久之，乃曰：「前言戲之耳。」 自是接遇有加常禮。 及杲還，命引升殿，親降御座，執手以別。 朝廷嘉之，授大都督、小載師下大夫，治小納言，復聘於陳。 中山公訓為蒲州總管，以杲為府司馬、州治中，兼知州府事。 加使持節、車騎大將軍、儀同三司。
Earlier, Emperor Wen of Chen's younger brother, King Xu of Ancheng, had been a hostage in Liang; after the fall of Jiangling he was transferred to Chang'an like the others. Chen asked for his return; Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai agreed but did not send him back. Now the emperor wished to send Xu home and appointed Du Gao envoy to Chen. Emperor Wen of Chen was delighted and at once sent envoys in return, offering several Qianzhong prefectures as a gift. He also asked to fix the border and pledged lasting good relations. Because Du Gao had carried out his mission to the emperor's satisfaction, he was promoted to area commander and made lesser charioteer earl, then sent again to mark out the frontier. Chen then ceded Lushan to Zhou. The Zhou emperor made Xu a pillar state grand general and ordered Du Gao to escort him home. Emperor Wen of Chen told Du Gao, "My brother is being sent home with full honors — that is truly a kindness from your court. Yet without returning Lushan, I doubt we could have achieved even this." Du Gao replied, "While Prince Xu of Ancheng was in Guanzhong he was no more than a commoner in Xianyang. But he is your honored younger brother — surely he is worth more than a single city. Our court cherishes kinship, shows forbearance, honors Grand Progenitor Yuwen Tai's will, and seeks to keep peace between our states. That is why we issued this gracious decree. If you imagine we would settle for no more than Lushan, we are hardly greedy enough to haggle over a single town. Besides, Lushan was formerly Liang territory, and Liang is a vassal of our court — by rights Lushan belongs to Zhou. To exchange kin for an ordinary scrap of land — even your envoy finds that unacceptable; how could I report such a thing to our court?" Emperor Wen of Chen was silent with embarrassment for a long moment, then said, "I was only joking earlier." From then on Chen received him with exceptional courtesy. When Du Gao was leaving, the emperor had him brought into the hall, came down from the throne in person, and clasped his hand in farewell. The Zhou court praised his service and made him great area commander, lower grand master chariot master, and lesser remonstrating counselor, then sent him again as envoy to Chen. When Duke of Zhongshan Yuwen Xun became headquarters commander of Pu Province, Du Gao was made his headquarters marshal and chief administrator, with concurrent charge of provincial affairs. He received the added ranks of bearer of the staff of authority, grand general of chariots and cavalry, and equal in protocol to the three dukes.
37
及華皎來附，詔令衛公直督元定等援之。 與陳人交戰，我師不利，元定等竝沒。 自是，連兵不息，東南騷動。 高祖患之，乃授杲御正中大夫，使於陳，論保境息民之意。 陳宣帝遣其黃門侍郎徐陵謂杲曰：「兩國通好，本欲救患分災，彼朝受我叛人，何也？」 杲答曰：「陳主昔在本朝，非慕義而至，上授以柱國，位極人臣，子女玉帛，備禮將送，遂主社稷，孰謂非恩。 郝烈之徒，邊民狂狡，曾未報德，而先納之。 今受華氏，正是相報。 過自彼始，豈在本朝。」 陵曰：「彼納華皎，志圖吞噬。 此受郝烈，容之而已。 且華皎方州列將，竊邑叛亡。 郝烈一百許戶，脫身逃竄。 大小有異，豈得同年而語乎？」 杲曰：「大小雖殊，受降一也。 若論先後，本朝無失。」 陵曰：「周朝送主上還國，旣以為恩； 衛公共元定渡江，敦云非怨。 計恩之與怨，亦足相埒。」 杲曰：「元定等兵敗身囚，其怨已滅。 陳主負扆馮玉，其恩猶在。 且怨繇彼國，恩起本朝，以怨酬恩，未之聞也。」 陵乃笑而不答。 杲因謂之曰：「今三方鼎立，各圖進取，苟有釁隙，實啟敵心。 本朝與陳，日敦鄰睦，輶軒往返，積有歲年。 比為疆埸之事，遂為仇敵，構怨連兵，略無寧歲，鷸蚌狗兔，勢不俱全。 若使齊寇乘之，則彼此危矣。 孰與心忿悔禍，遷慮改圖，陳國息爭桑之心，本朝弘灌瓜之義，張旃拭玉，脩好如初，共為掎角，以取齊氏。 非唯兩主之慶，實亦兆庶賴之。」 陵具以聞，陳宣帝許之。 遂遣使來聘。
When Hua Jiao defected to Zhou, an edict ordered Duke of Wei Yuwen Zhi to lead Yuan Ding and others to his aid. In fighting Chen, Zhou forces fared badly and Yuan Ding and his men were destroyed. From then on fighting continued without pause and the southeast was in uproar. Emperor Xiaoyu, troubled by the situation, appointed Du Gao proper central upper grand master and sent him to Chen to propose halting the border war and giving the people peace. Emperor Xuandi of Chen sent his palace gate gentleman Xu Ling to tell Du Gao, "Our states were allies meant to help each other in hardship — why does your court shelter our deserters? Du Gao replied, "Your emperor was once at our court not because he sought virtue but because we raised him — we made him a pillar state, gave him every honor, even prepared sons and daughters, jade and silk to send with him when he took the throne. Is that not kindness? As for Hao Lie and men like him — unruly border folk who had never repaid Zhou's kindness — you took them in first. Our accepting Hua Jiao is simply returning the favor. The offense began on your side, not ours." Xu Ling said, "Your court took in Hua Jiao because you mean to swallow our territory. You took Hao Lie only to give him shelter. And Hua Jiao was a provincial commander who seized a district and rebelled. Hao Lie is a mere hundred or so households who slipped away. Surely the two cases are not comparable?" Du Gao said, "Different in scale, perhaps — but accepting defection is the same thing. And as for who acted first, our court is not in the wrong." Xu Ling replied, "Zhou sent our emperor home — that you call a kindness; yet Duke of Wei Yuwen Zhi crossed the Yangzi with Yuan Ding — and you insist there was no ill will. By that reckoning, favor and grievance seem about evenly matched. Du Gao replied that Yuan Ding and his men had been defeated and captured, so any score against them was already settled. The Chen emperor still sits on his throne, and the debt of gratitude to Zhou has not vanished. Besides, the wrong came from Chen, while the favor came from our court — to answer kindness with resentment is something I have never heard of. At that Xu Ling laughed and said nothing. Du Gao went on: "The three powers now stand in balance, each seeking advantage; the smallest rift would only hearten our common foe. Zhou and Chen have cultivated neighborly ties for years, with envoys passing constantly between us. Recently border troubles turned us into enemies, grievance piled upon arms, and scarcely a year has passed in peace — like the snipe and the clam or the dog and the hare, both sides cannot come out whole. If Northern Qi seizes the moment, both our states will be in grave danger. Would it not be better to turn from anger, reconsider the harm, and change course — for Chen to set aside border quarrels, for Zhou to uphold neighborly generosity, to renew friendship as before and act in concert against Qi? That would bring joy not only to both sovereigns, but relief to all our peoples. Xu Ling reported everything to the throne, and Emperor Xuandi of Chen assented. Chen then dispatched envoys on a goodwill mission.
38
武帝建德初，為司城中大夫，使於陳。 陳宣帝謂杲曰：「長湖公軍人等雖築館處之，然恐不能無北風之戀。 王褒、庾信之徒旣羈旅關中，亦當有南枝之思耳。」 杲揣陳宣意，欲以元定軍將士易王褒等。 乃答之曰：「長湖總戎失律，臨難苟免，旣不死節，安用以為。 且猶牛之一毛，何能損益。 本朝之議，初未及此。」 陳宣帝乃止，杲還至石頭，又遣謂之曰：「若欲合從，共圖齊氏，能以樊、鄧見與，方可表信。」 杲答曰：「合從圖齊，豈唯弊邑之利。 必須城鎮，宜待之於齊。 先索漢南，使者不敢聞命。」 還，除司倉中大夫。
At the start of the Jiande era under Emperor Wu, Du Gao was appointed chief minister of the city quarter and again sent as envoy to Chen. Emperor Xuandi of Chen told Du Gao: "Though Changhu Duke's soldiers are lodged comfortably, I suppose they must still long for the north. And Wang Bao, Yu Xin, and others held in Guanzhong must surely miss the south as well. Du Gao perceived that the emperor meant to trade Yuan Ding's captured officers and men for Wang Bao and his fellow émigrés. He answered: "Changhu failed in command and fled rather than die loyal — what use are such men? They are no more than a single hair from an ox hide — too insignificant to matter. Our court never considered such an exchange in the first place." The emperor dropped the matter. When Du Gao reached Shitou on his return, Chen sent word again: "If you truly want an alliance against Qi, you must cede Fan and Deng to prove your sincerity." Du Gao replied: "An alliance against Qi would benefit Chen no less than Zhou. If you want strongholds, wait until we take them from Qi. To demand Han-nan up front — your envoy cannot accept such terms. When he returned home, Du Gao was appointed chief minister of granaries.
39
史臣曰：韋、辛、皇甫之徒，並關右之舊族也。 或紆組登朝，獲當官之譽； 或張旃出境，有專對之才。 旣茂國猷，克隆家業。 美矣夫！
The historiographer writes: Wei, Xin, Huangfu, and men like them were all established families of Guanxi. Some entered court in official rank and won praise for how they held their posts; Others went abroad as envoys and showed a gift for holding their own in diplomacy. They served the state ably and carried on their families' good names. Truly admirable!
40
全文以中華書局、一九七一年十一月版《周書》為本校。
This text was collated against the Zhonghua Shuju edition of the Book of Zhou (November 1971).