1
資治通鑑第048卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 48.
2
【漢紀四十】起玄黓執徐，盡旃蒙大荒落，凡十四年。
【Han Records 40】 From the first year of the Xuanqu cycle through the last year of the Zhanmeng cycle—fourteen years in all.
3
春，正月，遣大將軍左校尉耿夔，授於除鞬印綬，使中郎將任尚，持節衛護屯伊吾，如南單于故事。
In spring, in the first month, he sent Grand General's Left Commandant Geng Kui to invest Yu Chujian with seal and cord, and made Gentlemen of the Palace Ren Shang hold credentials to guard and garrison at Yiwu, following the Southern Chanyu precedent.
4
初，廬江周榮辟袁安府，安舉奏竇、景及爭立北單于事，皆榮所具草，竇氏客太尉掾徐齮深惡之，脅榮曰：「子為袁公腹心之謀，排奏竇氏，竇氏悍士、刺客滿城中，謹備之矣！」 榮曰：「榮，江淮孤生，得備宰士，縱為竇氏所害，誠所甘心！」 因敕妻子：「若卒遇飛禍，無得殯斂，冀以區區腐身覺悟朝廷。」
Earlier, Zhou Rong of Lujiang entered Yuan An's office. An's memorials against Dou Xian, Dou Jing, and the struggle over enthroning the Northern Chanyu were all drafts Rong had prepared. Xu Qi, a Dou client and clerk to the Grand Commandant, hated him deeply and threatened him, "You are Yuan An's trusted plotter, driving memorials against the Dou clan. Their bravos and assassins fill the city—take care!" Rong said, "I am a lone man from the Jiang and Huai, fortunate to serve among ministers. Even if the Dou clan kills me, I would be content." He then charged his wife and children, "If sudden calamity strikes, give me no burial. I hope this petty rotting corpse may awaken the court."
5
三月，癸丑，司徒袁安薨。
In the third month, on guichou day, Minister of Education Yuan An died.
6
閏月，丁丑，以太常丁鴻為司徒。
In the intercalary month, on dingchou day, Grand Master of Splendid Horses Ding Hong was made Minister of Education.
7
夏，四月，丙辰，竇憲還至京師。
In summer, in the fourth month, on bingchen day, Dou Xian returned to the capital.
8
六月，戊戌朔，日有食之。 丁鴻上疏曰：「昔諸呂握權，統嗣幾移； 哀、平之末，廟不血食。 故雖有周公之親而無其德，不得行其勢也。 今大將軍雖欲敕身自約，不敢僭差； 然而天下遠近，皆惶怖承旨。 刺史、二千石初除，謁辭、求通待報，雖奉符璽，受台敕，不敢便去，久者至數十日，背王室，向私門，此乃上威損，下權盛也。 人道悖於下，效驗見於天，雖有隱謀。 神照其情，垂象見戒，以告人君。 禁微則易，救末者難； 人莫不忽於微細以致其大，恩不忍誨，義不忍割，去事之後，未然之明鏡也。 夫天不可以不剛，不剛則三光不明； 王不可以不強，不強則宰牧從橫。 宜因大變，改政匡失，以塞天意。」
In the sixth month, on the new moon of wuxu day, there was a solar eclipse. Ding Hong submitted a memorial, "In the past the Lü clan grasped power and the succession nearly shifted; at the end of Ai and Ping the ancestral temples went without sacrifice. Thus though one had the Duke of Zhou's kinship, without his virtue one could not wield his power. Now the Grand General may wish to restrain himself and dare not overstep; yet near and far throughout the realm, all tremble and accept his orders. When inspectors and two-thousand-dan officials are first appointed, they pay leave, seek audience, and wait for word—though bearing talisman and seal and receiving orders from the Secretariat, they dare not leave at once; some wait tens of days. They turn from the royal house toward private gates—sovereign awe wanes and power below waxes. The way of man turns perverse below; Heaven shows the proof, though plots stay hidden. The spirits see their hearts; Heaven hangs signs as warning to tell the ruler. To stop the subtle is easy; to save the end is hard; every man neglects the small until it grows great. Kindness will not instruct, righteousness will not cut away—after the deed, that is the bright mirror of what might have been. Heaven must be firm; without firmness the sun, moon, and stars lose their light; the king must be strong; without strength the governors run wild. Use this great sign to reform government, correct failures, and answer Heaven's intent."
9
丙辰，郡國十三地震。
On bingchen day, thirteen commanderies and kingdoms were shaken by earthquake.
10
旱，蝗。
There was drought and locust plague.
11
竇氏父子兄弟並為卿、校，充滿朝廷，穰侯鄧疊、疊弟步兵校尉磊及母元、憲女婿射聲校尉郭舉、舉父長樂少府璜共相交結； 元、舉並出入禁中，舉得幸太后，遂共圖為殺害，帝陰知其謀。 是時，憲兄弟專權，帝與內外臣僚莫由親接，所與居者閹宦而已。 帝以朝臣上下莫不附憲，獨中常侍鉤盾令鄭眾，謹敏有心幾，不事豪黨，遂與眾定議誅憲，以憲在外，慮其為亂，忍而未發。 會憲與鄧疊皆還京師。 時清河王慶，恩遇尤渥，常入省宿止； 帝將發其謀，欲得《外戚傳》，懼左右，不敢使，令慶私從千乘王求，夜，獨內之； 又令慶傳語鄭眾，求索故事。 庚申，帝幸北宮，詔執金吾、五校尉勒兵屯衛南、北宮，閉城門，收捕郭璜、郭舉、鄧疊、鄧磊，皆下獄死。 遣謁者僕射收憲大將軍印綬，更封為冠軍侯，與篤、景、瑰皆就國。 帝以太后故，不欲名誅憲，為選嚴能相督察之。 憲、篤、景到國，皆迫令自殺。
Dou fathers, sons, and brothers all held ministerial and colonel ranks and filled the court. Marquis of Rang Deng Die, Die's younger brother Colonel of Footsoldiers Lei and their mother Yuan, Xian's son-in-law Colonel of the Archers Guo Ju, and Ju's father Chamberlain for the Palace of Eternal Joy Huang were all in league; Yuan and Ju both moved in and out of the inner palace. Ju won the empress dowager's favor, and together they plotted murder. The emperor knew their plot in secret. At this time the Dou brothers held sole power. The emperor could not meet court officials in person; only eunuchs kept him company. The court above and below clung to Xian, but Regular Palace Attendant and Director of the Hook-Shield Office Zheng Zhong was careful, keen, and foresighted and served no powerful faction. With Zhong the emperor fixed a plan to kill Xian. Xian was still abroad and might raise disorder, so he bore it and held back. It happened that Xian and Deng Die both returned to the capital. Prince Qing of Qinghe enjoyed especially thick favor and often lodged in the inner quarters; the emperor was about to expose their plot and wanted the Biographies of the Empresses' Kin, but feared those around him and dared send no one. He had Qing secretly obtain it from the Prince of Qiancheng and bring it in alone at night; he also had Qing tell Zheng Zhong to seek out precedents. On gengshen day the emperor went to the Northern Palace, ordered the Commandant of the Imperial Carriages and the Five Colonels to muster troops and guard the southern and northern palaces, closed the city gates, and seized Guo Huang, Guo Ju, Deng Die, and Deng Lei. All were thrown into prison and died. He sent the Master of Ceremonies to take Xian's Grand General seal and cord, re-enfeoffed him as Marquis of Champion, and sent him with Dou Du, Jing, and Gui to their states. For the empress dowager's sake the emperor did not wish to execute Xian by name and chose stern, capable overseers for them. When Xian, Du, and Jing reached their states, all were forced to kill themselves.
12
初，河南尹張酺，數以正法繩治竇景，及竇氏敗，酺上疏曰：「方憲等寵貴，群臣阿附唯恐不及，皆言憲受顧命之托，懷伊、呂之忠，至乃復比鄧夫人於文母。 今嚴威既行，皆言當死，不顧其前後，考折厥衷。 臣伏見夏陽侯瑰每存忠善，前與臣言，常有盡節之心，檢敕賓客，未嘗犯法。 臣聞王政骨肉之刑，有三宥之義，過厚不過薄。 今議者欲為瑰選嚴能相，恐其迫切，必不完免，宜裁加貸宥，以崇厚德。」 帝感共言，由是瑰獨得全。 竇氏宗族賓客以憲為官者，皆免歸故郡。
Earlier Intendant of Henan Zhang Pei had repeatedly prosecuted Dou Jing by proper law. When the Dou clan fell, Pei memorialized, "When Xian and his kin were in favor, ministers fawned for fear of falling behind, all saying Xian held a deathbed charge and bore the loyalty of Yi Yin and Lü Shang—even comparing Lady Deng to the civil mother. Now that stern punishment has been carried out, all say they ought to die, heedless of what went before, twisting their true meaning. I humbly see that Marquis of Xiayang Gui always kept loyal goodness. He once told me he meant to exhaust his integrity, restrained his guests, and never broke the law. I have heard that in royal government kin may be punished yet thrice pardoned—severity must not slip into mere lenience. Now deliberators wish to choose a stern overseer for Gui. I fear that pressed too hard he cannot be wholly spared. Trim the case and add pardon to exalt thick virtue." The emperor was moved by these words, and thereby Gui alone was spared. Dou kin, clients, and all who had gained office through Xian were dismissed and sent home to their native commanderies.
13
初，班固奴嘗醉罵洛陽令種兢，兢因逮考竇氏賓客，收捕固，死獄中。 固嘗著《漢書》，尚未就，詔固女弟曹壽妻昭踵而成之。
Earlier Ban Gu's slave once drunkenly cursed Magistrate of Luoyang Zhong Jing. Jing arrested and examined Dou clients, seized Gu, and he died in prison. Gu had been composing the Book of Han but had not finished. An edict ordered his younger sister, Cao Shou's wife Ban Zhao, to follow his work and complete it.
14
══華嶠論曰：固之序事，不激詭，不抑抗，贍而不穢，詳而有體，使讀之者亹亹而不厭，信哉其能成名也！ 固譏司馬遷是非頗謬於聖人，然其論議，常排死節，否正直，而不敘殺身成仁之為美，則輕仁義，賤守節甚矣！
══ Hua Yao wrote, Gu's narrative was never inciting or strange, never suppressing or defiant—ample yet not foul, detailed yet shaped—so readers never weary. Truly he earned his fame! Gu mocked Sima Qian's judgments as quite astray from the sages, yet in his own discourse he often dismissed dying for principle, denied uprightness, and never praised giving one's life to complete benevolence—so he slighted benevolence and righteousness and despised steadfast integrity indeed!
15
初，竇憲納妻，天下郡國皆有禮慶。 漢中郡亦當遣吏，戶曹李郃諫曰：「竇將軍椒房之親，不修德禮而專權驕恣，危亡之禍，可翹足而待； 願明府一心王室，勿與交通。」 太守固遣之，郃不能止，請求自行，許之。 郃遂所在遲留以觀其變，行至扶風而憲就國。 凡交通者皆坐免官，漢中太守獨不與焉。 帝賜清河王慶奴婢、輿馬、錢帛、珍寶，充牣其第。 慶或時不安，帝朝夕問訊，進膳藥，所以垂意甚備。 慶亦小心恭孝，自以廢黜，尤畏事慎法，故能保其寵祿焉。
Earlier, when Dou Xian took a wife, every commandery and kingdom sent congratulatory gifts. Hanzhong too was to send an official. Household Clerk Li He remonstrated, "General Dou is empress kin, yet cultivates neither virtue nor rites while monopolizing power in pride. Ruin can be awaited with a lifted foot; I beg the prefect to fix his heart on the royal house and have no dealings with them." The prefect still sent an envoy. He could not stop it, asked to go himself, and was permitted. He delayed at each stop to watch events. When he reached Fufeng, Xian had already gone to his state. All who had dealings were dismissed from office; the Administrator of Hanzhong alone was spared. The emperor gave Prince Qing slaves, carriages, horses, money, silks, and treasures until his residence overflowed. When Qing fell ill, the emperor inquired morning and evening, sent meals and medicine—his care was complete in every way. Qing too was careful, respectful, and filial. Knowing he had once been deposed, he especially feared trouble and kept to the law, and so preserved favor and stipend.
16
帝除袁安子賞為郎，任隗子屯為步兵校尉，鄭眾遷大長秋。 帝策勳班賞，眾每辭多受少，帝由是賢之，常與之議論政事，宦官用權自此始矣。
The emperor appointed Yuan An's son Shang Gentleman of the Palace, Ren Kui's son Tun Colonel of Footsoldiers, and promoted Zheng Zhong to Grand Director of the Palace. When the emperor reckoned merit and gave rewards, Zhong each time declined much and accepted little. The emperor thereby esteemed him and often discussed government with him. Eunuch power began here.
17
秋，七月，己丑，太尉宋由以竇氏黨策免，自殺。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on jichou day, Grand Commandant Song You was dismissed by writ as a Dou partisan and killed himself.
18
八月，辛亥，司空任隗薨。
In the eighth month, on xinhai day, Minister of Works Ren Kui died.
19
癸丑，以大司農尹睦為太尉。 太傅鄧彪以老病上還樞機職，詔許焉，以睦代彪錄尚書事。
On guichou day Grand Minister of Agriculture Yin Mu was made Grand Commandant. Grand Tutor Deng Biao, aged and ill, asked to return his pivot duties. An edict granted it, and Mu replaced Biao as recorder of Master of Writing affairs.
20
冬，十月，己亥，以宗正劉方為司空。
In winter, in the tenth month, on jihai day, Director of the Imperial Clan Liu Fang was made Minister of Works.
21
武陵、零陵、澧中蠻叛。
The tribes of Wuling, Lingling, and Lizhong rebelled.
22
護羌校尉鄧訓卒，吏、民、羌、胡旦夕臨者日數千人。 羌、胡或以刀自割，又刺殺其犬馬牛羊，曰：「鄧使君已死，我曹亦俱死耳！」 前烏桓吏士皆奔走道路，至空城郭； 吏執，不聽，以狀白校尉徐傿，傿歎息曰：「此為義也！」 乃釋之。 遂家家為訓立祠，每有疾病，輒請禱求福。 蜀郡太守聶尚代訓為護羌校尉，欲以恩懷諸羌，乃遣譯使招呼迷唐，使還居大、小榆谷。 迷唐既還，遣祖母卑缺詣尚，尚自送至塞下，為設祖道，令譯田汜等五人護送至廬落。 迷唐遂反，與諸種共生屠裂汜等，以血盟詛，復寇金城塞。 尚坐免。
Protector of the Qiang Deng Xun died. Officials, commoners, Qiang, and Hu who came morning and evening to mourn numbered thousands each day. Some Qiang and Hu cut themselves with knives and stabbed their dogs, horses, cattle, and sheep, crying, "Commissioner Deng is dead—we too shall all die together!" Former Wuhuan officials and soldiers ran along the roads until towns stood empty; clerks seized them and would not let them go. They reported to Colonel Xu Yi. Yi sighed and said, "This is righteousness!" He released them. Thereupon every household built a shrine to Xun; whenever illness struck, they prayed for blessing. Administrator of Shu Nie Shang replaced Xun as Protector of the Qiang and wished to win the tribes by kindness. He sent interpreters to summon Midi Tang back to the Great and Small Elm Valleys. When Midi Tang returned, he sent his grandmother Beique to Shang. Shang escorted her to the frontier, set a farewell feast, and sent interpreters Tian Si and five others to escort her to the camp. Midi Tang then rebelled. With the tribes he butchered Si and the rest, swore a blood oath, and again raided the Jincheng frontier. Shang was dismissed from office.
23
春，正月，乙亥，宗祀明堂，登靈台，赦天下。
In spring, in the first month, on yihai day, he sacrificed at the Bright Hall, ascended the Spirit Terrace, and pardoned the realm.
24
戊子，千乘貞王伉薨。
On wuzi day Prince Zhen of Qiancheng Kang died.
25
辛卯，封皇弟萬歲為廣宗王。
On xinmao day he enfeoffed the emperor's younger brother Wansui as Prince of Guangzong.
26
甲寅，太傅鄧彪薨。
On jiayin day Grand Tutor Deng Biao died.
27
戊午，隴西地震。
On wuwu day Longxi was shaken by earthquake.
28
夏，四月，壬子，紹封阜陵殤王兄魴為阜陵王。
In summer, in the fourth month, on renzi day he continued the line and made Fang, elder brother of the late Prince of Fuling, Prince of Fuling.
29
九月，辛酉，廣宗殤王萬歲薨，無子，國除。
In the ninth month, on xinyou day the Young Prince of Guangzong Wansui died without heirs and the state was abolished.
30
初，竇憲既立於除鞬為此單于，欲輔歸北庭，會憲誅而止。 於除鞬自畔還北，詔遣將兵長史王輔以千餘騎與任尚共追討，斬之，破滅其眾。 耿夔之破北匈奴也，鮮卑因此轉徙據其地。 匈奴餘種留者尚有十餘萬落，皆自號鮮卑； 鮮卑就此漸盛。
Earlier Dou Xian had established Yu Chujian as Chanyu and wished to help him return to the Northern Court, but the plan stopped when Xian was executed. Yu Chujian rebelled and fled north. An edict sent Chief Clerk Wang Fu of the Colonel in Charge of Troops with more than a thousand horsemen to pursue with Ren Shang, beheaded him, and destroyed his host. When Geng Kui broke the Northern Xiongnu, the Xianbei shifted and occupied their lands. Xiongnu remnants who stayed still numbered more than a hundred thousand camps, all calling themselves Xianbei; from this the Xianbei gradually grew strong.
31
冬，十月，辛未，太尉尹睦薨。 十一月，乙丑，太僕張酺為太尉。 酺與尚書張敏等奏「射聲校尉曹褒，擅制漢禮，破亂聖術，宜加刑誅。」 書凡五奏。 帝知酺守學不通，雖寢其奏，而漢禮遂不行。
In winter, in the tenth month, on xinwei day Grand Commandant Yin Mu died. In the eleventh month, on yichou day Grand Master of Splendid Horses Zhang Pei was made Grand Commandant. Pei with Master of Writing Zhang Min and others memorialized, "Colonel of the Archers Cao Bao on his own authority composed Han rites, breaking the sage's art. He ought to be punished and executed." The memorial was submitted five times. The emperor knew Pei clung to learning yet did not master it. Though he laid the memorial aside, the Han rites were never put into practice.
32
是歲，武陵郡兵破叛蠻，降之。
That year Wuling troops broke the rebel tribes and received their surrender.
33
梁王暢與從官卞忌祠祭求福，忌等諂媚云：「神言王當為天子。」 暢與相應答，為有司所奏，請征詣詔獄。 帝不許，但削成武、單父二縣。 暢慚懼，上疏深自刻責曰：「臣天性狂愚，不知防禁，自陷死罪，分伏顯誅。 陛下聖德，枉法曲平，橫貸赦臣，為臣受污。 臣知大貸不可再得，自誓束身約妻子，不敢復出入失繩墨，不敢復有所橫費，租入有餘，乞裁食睢陽、穀熟、虞、蒙、寧陵五縣，還餘所食四縣。 臣暢小妻三十七人，其無子者，願還本家，自選擇謹敕奴婢二百人，其餘所受虎賁、官騎及諸工技、鼓吹、倉頭、奴婢、兵弩、廄馬，皆上還本署。 臣暢以骨肉近親，亂聖化，污清流，既得生活，誠無心面目以凶惡復居大宮，食大國，張官屬，藏什物，願陛下加恩開許。」 上優詔不聽。
Prince of Liang Chang and his attendant Bian Ji sacrificed and prayed for blessing. Ji and the rest flattered him, "The spirit says you ought to become Son of Heaven." Chang answered in kind. The responsible officials memorialized and asked that he be summoned to the imperial prison. The emperor refused but stripped only the two counties Chengwu and Shanfu. Ashamed and afraid, Chang submitted a memorial of deep self-reproach, "By nature I am mad and foolish, knowing neither guard nor restraint, and have plunged myself into capital guilt. I ought to accept open execution. Your Majesty's sage virtue bent law to spare me, rashly pardoning me and taking stain upon yourself. I know a great pardon cannot come twice. I swear to bind myself and restrain wife and children, not daring again to step outside the measuring cord or spend recklessly. Where rent yields surplus, I beg to keep only Suiyang, Gurou, Yu, Meng, and Ningling and return the other four counties I feed on. I have thirty-seven lesser wives. Those without sons I wish to send home. I choose two hundred careful slaves and maids for myself. All else I received—Tiger Guards, official riders, craftsmen, musicians, storehouse heads, slaves, crossbows, and stable horses—I return to their offices. Your servant Chang, as a close blood relative, has disturbed sagely teaching and defiled the clear stream. Having been spared my life, I truly have no heart to face anyone again and wish by vicious means to dwell again in the great palace, consume a great state, expand officials and retainers, and hoard goods. I beg Your Majesty to extend grace and grant my request." The emperor sent a gracious edict and refused.
34
護羌校尉貫友遣譯使構離諸羌，誘以財貨，由是解散。 乃遣兵出塞，攻迷唐於大、小榆谷，獲首虜八百餘人，收麥數萬斛。 遂夾逢留大河築城塢，作大航，造河橋，欲度兵擊迷唐。 迷唐率部落遠徙，依賜支河曲。
Colonel Protecting the Qiang Guan You sent interpreter envoys to sow division among the Qiang, enticing them with goods, and thereby they dispersed. He then sent troops beyond the pass to attack Miwutang at Great and Little Elm Valleys, taking more than eight hundred heads and captives and gathering tens of thousands of hu of wheat. He then built walled forts on both sides of Fengliu on the great river, made great ferries, and constructed a river bridge, intending to cross troops and strike Miwutang. Miwutang led his tribes to migrate far away and settled along the bends of the Zhis River.
35
單于頓屠何死，單于宣弟安國立。 安國初為左賢王，無稱譽； 及為單于，單于適之子左谷蠡王師子以次轉為左賢王。 師子素勇黠多知，前單于宣及屯屠何皆愛其氣決，數遣將兵出塞，掩擊北庭，還，受賞賜，天子亦加殊異。 由是國中盡敬師子而不附安國，安國欲殺之。 諸新降胡，初在塞外數為師子所驅掠，多怨之。 安國因是委計降者，與同謀議。 師子覺其謀，乃別居五原界，每龍庭會議，師子輒稱病不往。 度遼將軍皇甫稜知之，亦擁護不遣，單于懷憤益甚。
Chanyu Dunduhe died, and Chanyu Xuan's younger brother Anguo was established. When Anguo was first Left Xianwang, he had no reputation; when he became chanyu, the Left Guli King Shizi, the chanyu's proper son, was shifted by seniority to Left Xianwang. Shizi was brave, clever, and knowledgeable by nature. The former chanyus Xuan and Dunduhe all admired his bold decisiveness and repeatedly sent him beyond the pass to raid the Northern Court. On his return he received rewards, and the Son of Heaven also showed him special distinction. Thereupon the whole state respected Shizi and would not follow Anguo, and Anguo wished to kill him. The various newly submitted Hu, who when still beyond the pass had repeatedly been driven and plundered by Shizi, largely resented him. Anguo on this basis entrusted his plans to the submitters and plotted with them. Shizi discovered the plot and moved to live separately in Wuyuan territory. At each Dragon Court assembly Shizi claimed illness and did not attend. General Crossing the Liao Huangfu Ling knew of it and likewise protected him and would not send him away. The chanyu's resentment grew ever greater.
36
春，正月，皇甫稜免，以執金吾朱徽行度遼將軍。 時單于與中郎將杜崇不相平，乃上書告崇； 崇諷西河太守令斷單于章，單于無由自聞。 崇因與朱徽上言：「南單于安國，疏遠故胡，親近新降，欲殺左賢王師子及左台且渠劉利等； 又，右部降者，謀共迫脅安國起兵背畔，請西河、上郡、安定為之儆備。」 帝下公卿議，皆以為：「蠻夷反覆，雖難測知，然大兵聚會，必未敢動搖。 今宜遣有方略使者之單于庭，與杜崇、朱徽及西河太守並力，觀其動靜。 如無它變，可令崇等就安國會其左右大臣，責其部眾橫暴為邊害者，共平罪誅。 若不從命，令為權時方略，事畢之後。 裁行賞賜，亦足以威示百蠻。」 帝從之，於是徽、崇遂發兵造其庭。 安國夜聞漢軍至，大驚，棄帳而去。 因舉兵欲誅師子。 師子先知，乃悉將廬落入曼柏城，安國追到城下，門閉，不得入。 朱徽遣吏曉譬和之，安國不聽。 城既不下，乃引兵屯五原。 崇、徽因發諸郡騎追赴之急，眾皆大恐，安國舅骨都侯喜為等慮並被誅，乃格殺安國，立師子為亭獨屍逐侯鞮單于。
In spring, in the first month, Huangfu Ling was dismissed and Bearer of the Mace Zhu Hui was made acting General Crossing the Liao. At this time the chanyu and Colonel of the Gentlemen Du Chong were at odds, and he memorialized the throne accusing Chong; Chong urged the Administrator of Xihe to block the chanyu's memorials, so the chanyu had no way to make himself heard. Chong thereupon submitted with Zhu Hui: "The Southern Chanyu Anguo has estranged the former Hu and drawn close to the newly submitted. He wishes to kill Left Xianwang Shizi and the Left Platform Chanyu Zhijie Liu Li and others; moreover, submitters of the right wing plotted jointly to force Anguo to raise troops in rebellion. We request that Xihe, Shang, and Anding make ready against them." The emperor referred it to the excellencies and ministers for deliberation. All held: "Barbarians are changeable and hard to fathom, but when great forces assemble they will surely not dare stir. Now it is fitting to send a capable envoy to the chanyu's court to join Du Chong, Zhu Hui, and the Administrator of Xihe in observing their movements. If there is no other change, Chong and the others may go to Anguo, assemble his close ministers, rebuke those of his tribes who are violent and harm the frontier, and jointly settle charges and executions. If they do not obey, order provisional measures. After matters are concluded, then limit rewards and gifts. That will also suffice to display authority to the hundred barbarians." The emperor followed this, and Hui and Chong thereupon sent troops to his court. Anguo heard at night that Han troops had arrived, was greatly alarmed, and abandoned his tents and fled. He thereupon raised troops to execute Shizi. Shizi knew beforehand and led all his camps into Manbai city. Anguo pursued to the walls, but the gates were shut and he could not enter. Zhu Hui sent an official to instruct and persuade him toward peace, but Anguo would not listen. Unable to take the city, he led his troops to encamp at Wuyuan. Chong and Hui thereupon mobilized cavalry from the commanderies in hot pursuit. The masses were all greatly afraid. Anguo's maternal uncle Gudu Marquis Xiwu and others, fearing they would all be executed together, ambushed and killed Anguo and established Shizi as Chanyu of the Tingdu Shizhu Hou clan.
37
己卯，司徒丁鴻薨。
On jimao day, Minister of Education Ding Hong died.
38
二月，丁未，以司空劉方為司徒，太常張奮為司空。
In the second month, on dingwei day, Minister of Works Liu Fang was made Minister of Education and Grand Master of Ceremonies Zhang Fen was made Minister of Works.
39
夏，五月，城陽懷王淑薨，無子，國除。
In summer, in the fifth month, Prince Huai of Chengyang Shu died without sons, and the state was abolished.
40
秋，七月，京師旱。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the capital suffered drought.
41
西域都護班超發龜茲、鄯善等八國兵合七萬餘人討焉耆，到其城下，誘焉耆王廣、尉犁王泛等於陳睦故城，斬之，傳首京師； 因縱兵鈔掠，斬首五千餘級，獲生口萬五千人，更立焉耆左侯元孟為焉耆王。 超留焉耆半歲，慰撫之。 於是西域五十餘國悉納質內屬，至於海濱，四萬里外，皆重譯貢獻。
Protector-General of the Western Regions Ban Chao mobilized more than seventy thousand troops from eight states including Kucha and Shanshan to attack Karashahr. Reaching the walls, he lured King Guang of Karashahr, King Fan of Weili, and others to the old city of Chenmu, beheaded them, and sent their heads to the capital; He then released his troops to plunder, cutting more than five thousand heads and taking fifteen thousand captives alive, and installed Yuan Meng, the Left Marquis of Karashahr, as king of Karashahr. Chao remained in Karashahr half a year, comforting and reassuring the people. Thereupon more than fifty states of the Western Regions all sent hostages and submitted. As far as the sea coast, forty thousand li away, all sent tribute through double translation.
42
南單于師子立，降胡五六百人夜襲師子，安集掾王恬將衛護士與戰，破之。 於是降胡遂相驚動，十五部二十餘萬人皆反，脅立前單于屯屠何子薁鞮日逐王逢侯為單于，遂殺略吏民，燔燒郵亭、廬帳，將車重向朔方，欲度幕北。 九月，癸丑，以光祿勳鄧鴻行車騎將軍事，與越騎校尉馮柱、行度遼將軍朱徽將左右羽林、北軍五校士及郡國跡射、緣邊兵，烏桓校尉任尚將烏桓、鮮卑，合四萬人討之。 時南單于及中郎將杜崇屯牧師城，逢侯將萬餘騎攻圍之。 冬，十一月，鄧鴻等至美稷，逢侯乃解圍去，向滿夷谷。 南單于遣子將萬騎及杜崇所領四千騎，與鄧鴻等追擊逢侯於大城塞，斬首四千餘級。 任尚率鮮卑、烏桓要擊逢侯於滿夷谷，復大破之，前後凡斬萬七千餘級。 逢侯遂率眾出塞，漢兵不能追而還。
The Southern Chanyu Shizi was established. Five or six hundred submitted Hu raided Shizi by night. Anji Clerk Wang Tian led guard soldiers against them and routed them. Thereupon the submitted Hu alarmed one another. Fifteen divisions, more than two hundred thousand people, all rebelled and were compelled to establish Feng Hou, the Aodi Riyu King and son of former Chanyu Dunduhe, as chanyu. They killed and plundered officials and people, burned postal stations and camps, and with baggage wagons headed toward Shuofang, intending to cross north of the desert. In the ninth month, on guichou day, Household Minister Deng Hong was made acting General of Chariots and Cavalry. With Colonel of Rapid Cavalry Feng Zhu, acting General Crossing the Liao Zhu Hui, he commanded Gentlemen of the Left and Right Forest, the five colonels of the Northern Army, commandery and state trail-shooters, and frontier troops. Wuhuan Colonel Ren Shang led Wuhuan and Xianbei. Forty thousand in all were sent to attack them. At this time the Southern Chanyu and Colonel Du Chong were encamped at Mushi city. Feng Hou with more than ten thousand horsemen attacked and besieged them. In winter, in the eleventh month, Deng Hong and the others reached Meiji. Feng Hou thereupon lifted the siege and withdrew toward Manyi Valley. The Southern Chanyu sent his son with ten thousand horsemen and the four thousand horsemen under Du Chong to join Deng Hong and the others in pursuing Feng Hou at Dacheng Pass. They cut more than four thousand heads. Ren Shang led Xianbei and Wuhuan to intercept Feng Hou at Manyi Valley and again routed them. In all, before and after, more than seventeen thousand heads were cut. Feng Hou thereupon led his followers beyond the pass. Han troops could not pursue and returned.
43
以大司農陳寵為廷尉。 寵性仁矜，數議疑獄，每附經典，務從寬恕，刻敝之風，於此少衰。
Grand Minister of Agriculture Chen Chong was made Minister of Justice. Chong was humane and compassionate by nature. He repeatedly deliberated doubtful prison cases, citing the classics each time and striving for leniency. The fashion of harsh severity thereby diminished somewhat.
44
帝以尚書令江夏黃香為東郡太守，香辭以：「典郡從政，才非所宜，乞留備冗官，賜以督責小職，任之宮台煩事。」 帝乃復留香為尚書令，增秩二千石，甚見親重。 香亦祗勤物務，憂公如家。
The emperor made Huang Xiang of Jiangxia, Master of Writing, Administrator of Dong Commandery. Xiang declined, saying, "Administering a commandery and conducting government is beyond my talent. I beg to remain as a spare official, be granted a petty supervisory post, and be charged with troublesome palace affairs." The emperor thereupon kept Xiang as Master of Writing, raised his rank to two thousand dan, and showed him great intimacy and esteem. Xiang also reverently applied himself to affairs, caring for public business as his own household.
45
春，正月，鄧鴻等軍還，馮柱將虎牙營留屯五原。 鴻坐逗留失利，下獄死。 後帝知朱徽、杜崇失胡和，又禁其上書，以致胡反，皆征下獄死。 夏，四月，辛亥朔，日有食之。
In spring, in the first month, Deng Hong's army returned. Feng Zhu led the Tiger's Fang camp to remain encamped at Wuyuan. Hong was charged with delay and defeat, imprisoned, and died. Later the emperor learned that Zhu Hui and Du Chong had lost the Hu's goodwill and had also barred their memorials, causing the Hu to rebel. Both were summoned, imprisoned, and died. In summer, in the fourth month, on the first day xinhai, there was a solar eclipse.
46
秋，七月，乙巳，易陽地裂。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on yisi day, the ground split open at Yiyang.
47
九月，癸卯，京師地震。
In the ninth month, on guimao day, the capital suffered an earthquake.
48
樂成王黨坐賊殺人，削東光、鄡二縣。
Prince Dang of Yuecheng was charged with robbery and murder, and Dongguang and Mao counties were cut from his fief.
49
春，二月，立貴人陰氏為皇后。 後，識之曾孫也。
In spring, in the second month, Lady Yin was established as empress. The empress was a great-granddaughter of Shi.
50
夏，四月，癸亥，樂成靖王黨薨。 子哀王崇立，尋薨，無子，國除。
In summer, in the fourth month, on guihai day, Prince Jing of Yuecheng Dang died. His son Prince Ai Chong was established. Soon he died without sons, and the state was abolished.
51
五月，河內、陳留蝗。
In the fifth month, Henei and Chenliu suffered locusts.
52
南匈奴右溫禺犢王烏居戰畔出塞。 秋，七月，度遼將軍龐奮、越騎校尉馮柱追擊破之，徙其餘眾及諸降胡二萬餘人於安定、北地。
The Southern Xiongnu Right Wenyu Di King Wuju Zhan rebelled and went beyond the pass. In autumn, in the seventh month, General Crossing the Liao Pang Fen and Colonel Feng Zhu pursued them, routed them, and moved their remaining followers and the various submitted Hu, more than twenty thousand, to Anding and Beidi.
53
東師後部王涿鞮反，擊前王尉畢大，獲其妻子。
The king of the Rear Division of Eastern Cheshi, Zhuodi, rebelled, attacked the former king Weibida, and seized his wife and children.
54
九月，京師蝗。
In the ninth month, the capital suffered locusts.
55
冬，十月，乙丑，北海王威以非敬王子，又坐誹謗，自殺。
In winter, in the tenth month, on yichou day, Prince Wei of Beihai, not being a son of Emperor Jing and also charged with slander, killed himself.
56
十二月，辛亥，陳敬王羨薨。
In the twelfth month, on xinhai day, Prince Jing of Chen Xian died.
57
丁巳，南宮宣室殿火。
On dingsi day, the Xuanshi Hall of the Southern Palace burned.
58
護羌校尉貫友卒，以漢陽太守史充代之。 充至，遂發湟中羌、胡出塞擊迷唐。 迷唐迎敗充兵，殺數百人。 充坐征，以代郡太守吳祉代之。
Colonel Protecting the Qiang Guan You died, and Administrator of Hanyang Shi Chong replaced him. When Chong arrived, he mobilized the Qiang and Hu of Huangzhong beyond the pass to strike Miwutang. Miwutang met and defeated Chong's troops, killing several hundred. Chong was recalled on charge, and Administrator of Dai Wu Zhi replaced him.
59
春，三月，庚辰，隴西地震。
In spring, in the third month, on gengchen day, Longxi suffered an earthquake.
60
癸巳，濟南安王康薨。
On guisi day, Prince An of Jinan Kang died.
61
西域長史王林擊車師後王，斬之。
Chief Clerk of the Western Regions Wang Lin attacked the king of Rear Cheshi and beheaded him.
62
夏，四月，丁卯，封樂成王黨子巡為樂成王。
In summer, in the fourth month, on dingmao day, Xun, son of Prince Dang of Yuecheng, was enfeoffed as King of Yuecheng.
63
五月，封皇后父屯騎校尉陰綱為吳防侯，以特進就第。
In the fifth month, the empress's father Colonel of the Escorting Cavalry Yin Gang was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wufang and advanced with especial rank to his estate.
64
六月，旱，蝗。
In the sixth month there was drought and locusts.
65
秋，八月，鮮卑寇肥如，遼東太守祭參坐沮敗，下獄死。
In autumn, in the eighth month, the Xianbei raided Feiru. Administrator of Liaodong Ji Can was charged with defeat, imprisoned, and died.
66
閏月，辛巳，皇太后竇氏崩。 初，梁貴人既死，宮省事秘，莫有知帝為梁氏出者。 舞陰公主子梁扈遣從兄示但奏記三府，以為「漢家舊典，崇貴母氏，而梁貴人親育聖躬，不蒙尊號，求得申議。」 太尉張酺言狀，帝感慟良久，曰：「於君意若何？」 酺請追上尊號，存錄諸舅。 帝從之，會貴人姊南陽樊調妻嫕上書自訟曰：「妾父竦冤死牢獄，骸骨不掩； 母氏年逾七十，及弟棠等遠在絕域，不知死生。 願乞收竦朽骨，使母、弟得歸本郡。」 帝引見嫕，乃知貴人枉歿之狀。 三公上奏，「請依光武黜呂太后故事，貶竇太后尊號，不宜合葬先帝，」百官亦多上言者。 帝手詔曰：「竇氏雖不遵法度，而太后常自減損。 朕奉事十年，深惟大義，禮，臣子無貶尊上之文，恩不忍離，義不忍虧。 案前世，上官太后亦無降黜，其勿復議。」 丙申，葬章德皇后。
In the intercalary month, on xinsi day, Empress Dowager Dou died. Initially, after the Liang noblewoman died, palace affairs were kept secret and none knew the emperor was born of the Liang clan. Liang Hu, son of the Princess of Wuyang, had his cousin Shidan submit a note to the Three Excellencies, arguing that "Han precedent honors and elevates the mother's clan, yet the Liang noblewoman personally nurtured the emperor and receives no honored title. We ask that the matter be brought forward for deliberation." Grand Commandant Zhang Zhi reported the situation. The emperor was moved and grieved a long while, then said, "What is your opinion on this?" Zhi asked to raise her posthumous honored title and to preserve and record her maternal uncles. The emperor agreed. It happened that Yi, wife of Fan Diao of Nanyang and elder sister of the noblewoman, submitted a memorial pleading her case: "My father Song died wrongfully in prison and his bones lie unburied; my mother is past seventy, and my younger brothers Tang and others are far in a distant region, their life or death unknown. I beg to recover Song's decayed bones and let my mother and brothers return to their native commandery." The emperor summoned Yi for audience and thereupon learned how the noblewoman had died wrongfully. The Three Excellencies memorialized: "We ask to follow Guangwu's demotion of Empress Dowager Lü and reduce Empress Dowager Dou's honored title. She ought not be buried with the late emperor." Many officials also submitted memorials. The emperor's own edict said: "Though the Dou clan did not follow law and measure, the empress dowager herself constantly restrained herself. I have served her ten years and deeply weigh great principle. In ritual, ministers and sons have no text for demoting their honored superiors. In grace I cannot bear to part from her; in righteousness I cannot bear to fail her. Examining former ages, Empress Dowager Shangguan was also not demoted. Do not raise this again." On bingchen day, Empress Zhangde was buried.
67
燒當羌迷唐率眾八千人寇隴西，脅塞內諸種羌合步騎三萬人擊破隴西兵，殺大夏長。 詔遣行征西將軍劉尚、越騎校尉趙世副之，將漢兵、羌、胡共三萬人討之。 尚屯狄道，世屯枹罕； 尚遣司馬寇盱監諸郡兵，四面並會。 迷唐懼，充老弱，奔入臨洮南。 尚等追至高山，大破之，斬虜千餘人，迷唐引去，漢兵死傷亦多，不能復追。 乃還。
Miwutang of the Shaodang Qiang led eight thousand men to raid Longxi, compelled the various Qiang within the passes to join him, and with thirty thousand infantry and cavalry together routed the Longxi troops and killed the Chief of Daxia. An edict dispatched acting General Campaigning West Liu Shang, with Colonel of Rapid Cavalry Zhao Shi as his deputy, to lead Han troops, Qiang, and Hu—thirty thousand in all—to attack them. Shang encamped at Didao and Shi at Zhanghan; Shang sent Registrar Kou Xu to oversee troops from the various commanderies, and they converged from all four sides. Mitang was afraid, filled his ranks with the old and weak, and fled south into Lintao. Shang and others pursued to Gaoshan and routed them, killing and capturing more than a thousand. Mitang withdrew, but Han forces also suffered heavy casualties and could not pursue further. Thereupon they returned.
68
九月，庚申，司徒劉方策免，自殺。
In the ninth month, on gengshen day, Grand Secretary Liu Fang was dismissed from office and committed suicide.
69
甲子，追尊梁貴人為皇太后，謚曰恭懷，追服喪制。 冬，十月，乙酉，改葬梁太后及其姊大貴人於西陵。 擢樊調為羽林左監。 追封謚皇太后父竦為褒親愍侯，遣使迎其喪，葬於恭懷皇后陵傍。 征還竦妻子； 封子棠為樂平侯，棠弟雍為乘氏侯，雍弟翟為單父侯，位皆特進，賞賜以巨萬計，寵遇光於當世，梁氏自此盛矣。
On jiazi day, the Noble Lady Liang was posthumously honored as Empress Dowager with the posthumous title Gonghuai, and retrospective mourning observances were enacted. In winter, in the tenth month, on yiyou day, the Late Empress Liang and her elder sister the Grand Noble Lady were reburied at Xiling. Fan Diao was promoted to Left Supervisor of the Feathered Forest. The Empress Dowager's father Song was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Baoqin Min; envoys were sent to escort his coffin, and he was buried beside the tomb of Empress Gonghuai. Song's wife and children were recalled; his son Tang was enfeoffed as Marquis of Leping, Tang's younger brother Yong as Marquis of Chengshi, and Yong's younger brother Di as Marquis of Shanfu—all with especial advancement. Rewards ran to tens of thousands, their favor outshone the age, and from this the Liang clan flourished.
70
清河王慶始敢求上母宋貴人塚，帝許之，詔太官四時給祭具。 慶垂涕曰：「生雖不獲供養，終得奉祭祀，私願足矣！」 欲求作祠堂，恐有自同恭懷梁後之嫌，遂不敢言，常泣向左右，以為沒齒之恨。 後上言：「外祖母王年老，乞詣雒陽療疾。」 於是詔宋氏悉歸京師，除慶舅衍、俊、蓋、暹等皆為郎。
Prince Qing of Qinghe Qing at last dared request to visit his mother the Noble Lady Song's tomb. The emperor granted it and ordered the Imperial Kitchen to supply sacrificial implements in all four seasons. Qing wept and said, "Though in life I could not support her, at last I may offer sacrifice—my private wish is fulfilled!" He wished to build a shrine hall but feared the suspicion of equating himself with Empress Gonghuai of the Liang line, so he dared not speak. He often wept to those about him, taking it as a lifelong regret. Later he memorialized, "My maternal grandmother Wang is old; I beg that she may go to Luoyang for medical treatment." Thereupon an edict ordered the entire Song clan to return to the capital, and Qing's uncles Yan, Jun, Gai, Xian, and others were all appointed Gentlemen.
71
十一月，癸卯，以光祿勳河南呂蓋為司徒。
In the eleventh month, on guimao day, Bearer of the Mace Lü Gai of Henan was made Grand Secretary.
72
十二月，丙寅，司空張奮罷。 壬申，以太僕韓稜為司空。
In the twelfth month, on bingyin day, Minister of Works Zhang Fen was dismissed. On renshen day, Director of Imperial Transport Han Ling was made Minister of Works.
73
西域都護定遠侯班超遣掾甘英使大秦、條支，窮西海，皆前世所不至，莫不備其風土，傳其珍怪焉。 及安息西界，臨大海，欲度，船人謂英曰：「海水廣大，往來者逢善風，三月乃得度，若遇遲風，亦有二歲者。 故入海，人皆繼三歲糧。 海中善使人思土戀慕，數有死亡者。」 英乃止。
Protector-General of the Western Regions, Marquis of Dingyuan Ban Chao, sent clerk Gan Ying as envoy to Da Qin and Tiaozhi, reaching the western sea's end—places no former age had reached. He recorded their customs and transmitted accounts of their rare marvels. Reaching Anxi's western border and facing the great sea, he wished to cross. Boatmen told Ying, "The sea is vast. Travelers who meet fair winds need three months to cross; if they meet contrary winds, some take two years. Therefore those entering the sea all carry three years' provisions. The sea easily makes men homesick and longing, and many die." Ying then stopped.
74
夏，五月，京師大水。
In summer, in the fifth month, there was a great flood in the capital.
75
秋，七月，己巳，司空韓稜薨。 八月，丙子，以太常太山巢堪為司空。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on jisi day, Minister of Works Han Ling died. In the eighth month, on bingzi day, Grand Master of Ceremonies Chao Kan of Taishan was made Minister of Works.
76
冬，十月，五州雨水。
In winter, in the tenth month, five provinces suffered rain and flooding.
77
行征西將軍劉尚、越騎校尉趙世坐畏懦征，下獄，免。 謁者王信領尚或屯枹罕，謁者耿譚領世營屯白石。 譚乃設購賞，諸種頗來內附，迷唐恐，乃請降； 信、譚遂受降罷兵。 十二月，迷唐等率種人詣闕貢獻。
Acting General Who Campaigns West Liu Shang and Colonel of the Rapid Cavalry Zhao Shi were prosecuted for cowardice in the campaign, imprisoned, and dismissed. Gentleman Wang Xin took command of Liu Shang's forces and encamped at Fuhan; Gentleman Geng Tan took command of Zhao Shi's camp and encamped at Baishi. Tan then set out rewards for capture. Various tribes largely came to submit, Mitang was afraid, and requested surrender; Xin and Tan thereupon accepted the surrender and dismissed the troops. In the twelfth month, Mitang and others led their tribesmen to the court to present tribute.
78
戊寅，梁節王暢薨。 初，居巢侯劉般薨，子愷當嗣，稱父遺意，讓其弟憲，遁逃久之，有司奏請絕愷國。 肅宗美其義，特優假之，凱猶不出。 積十餘歲，有司復奏之，侍中賈逵上書曰：「孔子稱『能以禮讓為國乎何有』。 有司不原樂善之心，而繩以循常之法，懼非長克讓之風，成含弘之化也。」 帝納之，下詔曰：「王法崇善，成人之美，其聽憲嗣爵。 遭事之宜，後不得以為比。」 乃征愷，拜為郎。
On wuyin day, Prince Jie of Liang Chang died. Earlier, when Marquis of Juchao Liu Ban died, his son Kai should have succeeded but cited his father's dying wish to yield to his younger brother Xian. He fled and hid for a long time, and the authorities memorialized to cut off Kai's fief. Emperor Suzong praised his righteousness and specially granted him indulgence, but Kai still did not emerge. After more than ten years the authorities memorialized again. Palace Attendant Jia Kui submitted, "Confucius said, 'What difficulty is there in governing a state through ritual yielding? The authorities do not probe the heart that delights in goodness but bind him with routine law. I fear this will not nurture lasting yielding or complete an encompassing, magnanimous transformation." The emperor accepted it and issued an edict: "The king's law honors goodness and completes others' excellence. Let Xian succeed to the title. As circumstances warrant—later cases may not take this as precedent." Kai was then summoned and appointed Gentleman.
79
南單于師子死，單于長之子檀立，為萬氏屍逐鞮單于。
Southern Chanyu Shizi died. The Chanyu Chang's son Tan was installed as Chanyu Wanshi Shizhu Diji.
80
夏，四月，丙寅，赦天下。
In summer, in the fourth month, on bingyin day, an amnesty was declared for all under heaven.
81
帝因朝會，召見諸儒，使中大夫魯丕與侍中賈逵、尚書令黃香等相難數事，帝善丕說，罷朝，特賜衣冠。 丕因上疏曰：「臣聞說經者，傳先師之言，非從己出，不得相讓； 相讓則道不明，若規矩權衡之不可枉也。 難者必明其據，說者務立其義，浮華無用之言，不陳於前，故精思不勞而道術愈章。 法異者各令自說師法，博觀其義，無令芻蕘以言得罪，幽遠獨有遺失也。」
At a court assembly the emperor summoned the Confucians and had Court Grandee Lu Pi debate several points with Palace Attendant Jia Kui, Director of the Secretariat Huang Xiang, and others. The emperor favored Pi's arguments, and after court specially bestowed robes and cap upon him. Pi thereupon memorialized, "Your servant has heard that one who expounds the classics transmits the first master's words, not one's own invention—one must not yield to one another; for yielding obscures the Way, as compass, square, and balance-weight cannot be bent. The challenger must clarify his evidence and the expounder must establish his meaning. Flowery useless words are not set forth, so deep thought need not labor and the Way's methods grow clearer. Where schools differ, each should expound his master's method and broadly view the meanings, lest humble rustics be punished for speaking and distant truths be lost."
82
夏，四月，戊辰，秭歸山崩。
In summer, in the fourth month, on wuchen day, Mount Zigui collapsed.
83
秋，七月，辛亥朔，日有食之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on the first day xinhai, there was a solar eclipse.
84
九月，戊午，太尉張酺免。 丙寅，以大司農張禹為太尉。
In the ninth month, on wuwu day, Grand Commandant Zhang Chu was dismissed. On bingyin day, Grand Minister of Agriculture Zhang Yu was made Grand Commandant.
85
燒當羌豪迷唐既入朝。 其餘種人不滿二千，饑窘不立，入居金城。 帝令迷唐將其種人還大、小榆谷； 迷唐以漢作河橋，兵來無常，故地不可復居，辭以種人飢餓，不肯遠出。 護羌校尉吳祉等多賜迷唐金帛，令糴谷市畜。 促使出塞，種人更懷猜驚。 是歲，迷唐復叛，脅將湟中諸胡寇鈔而去，王信、耿譚、吳祉皆坐征。
The Shaodang Qiang chieftain Mitang had come to court. His remaining tribesmen numbered fewer than two thousand. Hungry and destitute, they could not sustain themselves and moved into Jincheng. The emperor ordered Mitang to lead his tribesmen back to Great and Little Elm Valleys; Mitang held that Han had built a river bridge and troops came unpredictably, so the old lands could not be reoccupied. He pleaded that his tribesmen were starving and refused to go far out. Protector of the Qiang Wu Zhi and others repeatedly gifted Mitang gold and silk and had him buy grain and livestock. As they were urged beyond the pass, the tribesmen grew yet more suspicious and alarmed. That year Mitang rebelled again, coerced the various Hu of Huangzhong to raid and plunder, and departed. Wang Xin, Geng Tan, and Wu Zhi were all prosecuted for the campaign.
86
秋，八月，己亥，北宮盛饌門閣火。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on jihai day, the Sheng Man Gate pavilion of the Northern Palace caught fire.
87
迷唐復還賜支河曲，將兵向塞。 護羌校尉周鮪與金城太守侯霸及諸郡兵、屬國羌、胡合三萬人出塞至允川。 侯霸擊破迷唐，種人瓦解，降者六千餘口，分徙漢陽、安定、隴西。 迷唐遂弱，遠逾賜支河首，依發羌居。 久之，病死，其子來降，戶不滿數十。
Mitang returned again to Zhiszhi River bend and led troops toward the frontier. Protector of the Qiang Zhou Wei, Administrator of Jincheng Hou Ba, troops from various commanderies, and Dependent State Qiang and Hu—thirty thousand in all—went beyond the pass to Yunchuan. Hou Ba defeated Mitang. The tribes dissolved, more than six thousand submitted, and they were dispersed to Hanyang, Anding, and Longxi. Mitang grew weak, crossed far beyond the headwaters of Zhiszhi River, and dwelt among the Fa Qiang. After a long time he died of illness. His son came to surrender, with fewer than several tens of households.
88
荊州雨水。
Jing Province suffered rain and flooding.
89
冬，十一月，丙辰，詔曰：「幽、并、涼州戶口率少，邊役眾劇，束脩良吏進仕路狹。 撫接夷狄，以人為本，其令緣邊郡口十萬以上，歲舉孝廉一人，不滿十萬，二歲舉一人，五萬以下，三歲舉一人。」 鮮卑寇右北平，遂入漁陽，漁陽太守擊破之。
In winter, in the eleventh month, on bingchen day, an edict said, "You, Bing, and Liang provinces have few households on average and heavy border service, yet able officers' path to office is narrow. In governing and receiving the barbarians, take people as the foundation. Let frontier commanderies of one hundred thousand or more households recommend one Filial and Incorrupt candidate each year; under one hundred thousand, one every two years; under fifty thousand, one every three years." The Xianbei raided Right Beiping, then entered Yuyang, and the Administrator of Yuyang defeated them.
90
戊辰，司徒呂蓋以老病致仕。
On wuchen day, Grand Secretary Lü Gai retired due to age and illness.
91
巫蠻許聖以郡收稅不均，怨恨，遂反； 辛卯，寇南郡。
Wuling tribesman Xu Sheng, resenting unequal commandery tax collection, rebelled; On xinmao day he raided Nan Commandery.
92
春，安定降羌燒何種反，郡兵擊滅之。 時西海及大、小榆谷左右無復羌寇，隃麋相曹鳳上言：「自建武以來，西羌犯法者，常從燒當種起，所以然者，以其居大、小榆谷，土地肥美，有西海魚鹽之利，阻大河以為固。 又，近塞內諸種，易以為非，難以攻伐，故能強大，常雄諸種，恃其權勇，招誘羌、胡。 今者衰困，黨援壞沮，亡逃棲竄，遠依發羌。 臣愚以為宜及此時建復西海郡縣，規固二榆，廣設屯田，隔塞羌、胡交關之路，遏絕狂狡窺欲之源。 又殖谷富邊，省委輸之役，國家可以無西方之憂。」 上從之，繕修故西海郡，徙金城西部都尉以戍之，拜鳳為金城西部都尉，屯龍耆。 後增廣屯田，列屯夾河，合三十四部。 其功垂立，會永初中諸羌叛，乃罷。
In spring the surrendered Qiang Shahe tribe of Anding rebelled, and commandery troops attacked and destroyed them. At that time there were no longer Qiang raiders west of the sea or around Great and Little Elm Valleys. Chancellor of Yiyu Cao Feng memorialized, "Since Jianwu, Qiang who broke the law usually rose from the Shaodang tribe, because they dwelt in Great and Little Elm Valleys on fertile land with Western Sea fish and salt profits, using the great river as a bulwark. Also, the various tribes within the near frontier easily commit wrongs and are hard to attack, so they grew strong, often dominated other tribes, and relied on power and courage to summon Qiang and Hu. Now they are weakened, their allies broken, fugitives hiding in remote places and relying on the Fa Qiang far away. Your servant foolishly thinks we should seize this moment to restore Western Sea commandery and counties, secure the two Elms, broadly establish agricultural garrisons, block the road of Qiang-Hu intercourse, and cut off the source of wild designs. Also grow grain to enrich the border, reduce transport corvée, and the state may be free of western worries." The emperor followed this advice, repaired the old Western Sea commandery, moved the Western Division Commandant of Jincheng to garrison it, appointed Feng Western Division Commandant of Jincheng, and encamped at Longqi. Later agricultural garrisons were enlarged, with encampments lined along the river—thirty-four divisions in all. The work was nearly completed when in Yongchu the various Qiang rebelled and it was abandoned.
93
三月，戊辰，臨辟雍饗射，赦天下。
In the third month, on wuchen day, the emperor personally attended the Imperial Academy archery feast and declared an amnesty for all under heaven.
94
夏，四月，遣使者督荊州兵萬餘人，分道討巫蠻許聖等，大破之。 聖等乞降，悉徙置江夏。
In summer, in the fourth month, envoys were sent to supervise more than ten thousand Jing Province troops on separate routes to attack Wuling tribesman Xu Sheng and others, and routed them. Sheng and others begged to surrender and were all moved and settled in Jiangxia.
95
陰皇后多妒忌，寵遇浸衰，數懷恚恨。 後外祖母鄧朱，出入宮掖，有言後與朱共挾巫蠱道者； 帝使中常侍張慎與尚書陳褒案之，劾以大逆無道，朱二子奉、毅，後弟輔皆考死獄中。 六月，辛卯，後坐廢，遷於桐宮，以憂死。 父特進綱自殺，後弟軼、敞及朱家屬徙日南比景。
Empress Yin was very jealous. Her favor gradually faded and she often harbored resentment. Later her maternal grandmother Deng Zhu went in and out of the inner palace, and it was said the empress with Zhu jointly practiced witchcraft and sorcery; the emperor had Palace Attendant Zhang Shen and Secretary Chen Bao investigate. They impeached her for great impiety. Zhu's two sons Feng and Yi and the empress's younger brother Fu all died under torture in prison. In the sixth month, on xinmao day, the empress was deposed, moved to the Tong Palace, and died of grief. Her father the Specially Advanced Gang committed suicide. Younger brothers Yi and Chang and the Zhu clan's kin were banished to Rinan Bijing.
96
秋，七月，壬子，常山殤王側薨，無子，立其兄防子侯章為常山王。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on renzi day, the Young King Ce of Changshan died without sons. His elder brother Prince Fang's son Marquis Zhang was installed as King of Changshan.
97
三州大水。
Three provinces suffered great flooding.
98
班超久在絕域，年老思土，上書乞歸曰：「臣不敢望到酒泉郡，但願生入玉門關。 謹遣子勇隨安息獻物入塞，及臣生在，令勇目見中土。」 朝廷久之未報，超妹曹大家上書曰：「蠻夷之性，悖逆侮老； 而超旦暮入地，久不見代，恐開奸宄之源，生逆亂之心。 而卿大夫咸懷一切，莫肯遠慮，如有卒暴，超之氣力不能從心，便為上損國家累世之功，下棄忠臣竭力之用，誠可痛也！ 故超萬里歸誠，自陳苦急，延頸逾望，三年於今，未蒙省錄。 妾竊聞古者十五受兵，六十還之，亦有休息，不任職也。 故妾敢觸死為超求哀，丐超餘年，一得生還，復見闕庭，使國家無勞遠之慮，西域無倉卒之憂，超得長蒙文王葬骨之恩，子方哀老之惠。」 帝感其言，乃征超還。 八月，超至洛陽，拜為射聲校尉； 九月，卒。 超之被征，以戊己校尉任尚代為都護。 尚謂超曰：「君侯在外國三十餘年，而小人猥承君後，任重慮淺，宜有以誨之！」 超曰：「年老失智。 君數當大位，豈班超所能及哉！ 必不得已，願進愚言：塞外吏士，本非孝子順孫，皆以罪過徙補邊屯； 而蠻夷懷鳥獸之心，難養易敗。 今君性嚴急，水清無大魚，察政不得下和，宜蕩佚簡易，寬小過，總大綱而已。」 超去，尚私謂所親曰：「我以班君當有奇策，今所言，平平耳。」 尚後竟失邊和，如超所言。
Ban Chao, long in remote lands and old and homesick, memorialized begging to return: "Your servant dare not hope to reach Jiuquan Commandery—only to enter Jade Gate Pass while still alive. I respectfully send my son Yong with Anxi's tribute mission into the passes, and while your servant still lives, let Yong see the central lands with his own eyes." The court long did not reply. Chao's sister Lady Cao memorialized, "Barbarian nature is perverse and insults the aged; yet Chao may die any day. Long without a replacement, I fear opening a source of treachery and breeding rebellious hearts. Yet ministers all harbor narrow aims and none will plan far ahead. If sudden crisis strikes, Chao's strength cannot follow his heart. Then above the state loses achievements of many generations, and below it abandons a loyal minister's full exertion—truly painful! Therefore Chao from ten thousand li returns in loyalty, states his bitter urgency, and stretches his neck in hope—three years until now without gracious review. Your servant privately hears that in antiquity at fifteen one took up arms and at sixty returned them—there was also rest from office. Therefore your servant dares risk death to beg mercy for Chao—to beg a few years more that he may once return alive and again see the palace court, so the state need not worry from afar and the Western Regions need not fear sudden alarm, and Chao may long receive King Wen's grace of burying bones and Zifang's pity for the old." The emperor was moved by her words and summoned Chao back. In the eighth month Chao arrived at Luoyang and was appointed Colonel of the Vigorous Voice; in the ninth month he died. When Chao was recalled, Colonel of the Wuji Garrison Ren Shang replaced him as Protector-General. Shang said to Chao, "You, Lord, have been in foreign lands more than thirty years, while I, a lesser man, rashly succeed you. The burden is heavy and my consideration shallow—you ought to instruct me!" Chao said, "Old age has lost wisdom. You will several times hold great position—how could Ban Chao compare! If it must be, I wish to offer foolish words: officers and soldiers beyond the passes were originally not filial sons or obedient grandsons—all were moved to border garrisons because of crimes; while the barbarians harbor the hearts of birds and beasts—hard to nurture, easy to ruin. Now your nature is stern and hasty. When water is clear there are no great fish; if governance is too scrutinizing you cannot obtain harmony below. You ought to be relaxed and easy, pardon small faults, and only hold the great outline." After Chao left, Shang privately said to intimates, "I expected Lord Ban to have marvelous stratagems—what he said was merely ordinary." Shang afterward in the end lost border harmony, as Chao had said.
99
初，太傅鄧禹嘗謂人曰：「吾將百萬之眾，未嘗妄殺一人，後世必有興者。」 其子護羌校尉訓，有女曰綏，性孝友，好書傳，常晝修婦業，暮誦經典，家人號曰「諸生」。 叔父陔曰：「嘗聞活千人者子孫有封。 兄訓為謁者，使修石臼河，歲活數千人，天道可信，家必蒙福。」 綏後選入宮為貴人，恭肅小心，動有法度，承事陰後，接撫同列，常克己以下之，雖宮人隸役，皆加恩借，帝深嘉焉。 嘗有疾，帝特令其母、兄弟入親醫藥，不限以日數，貴人辭曰：「宮禁至重，而使外捨久在內省，上令陛下有私幸之譏，下使賤妾獲不知足之謗，上下交損，誠不願也！」 帝曰：「人皆以數入為榮，貴人反以為憂邪！」 每有宴會，諸姬競自修飾，貴人獨尚質素，其衣有與陰後同色者，即時解易，若並時進見，則不敢正坐離立，行則僂身自卑，帝每有所問，常逡巡後對，不敢先後言。 陰後短小，舉止時失儀，左右掩口而笑，貴人獨愴然不樂，為之隱諱，若己之失。 帝知貴人勞心曲體，歎曰：「修德之勞，乃如是乎！」 後陰後寵衰，貴人每當御見，輒辭以疾。 時帝數失皇子，貴人憂繼嗣不廣，數選進才人以博帝意。 陰後見貴人德稱日盛，深疾之。 帝嘗寢病，危甚，陰後密言：「我得意，不令鄧氏復有遺類！」 貴人聞之，流涕言曰：「我竭誠盡心以事皇后，竟不為所祐。 今我當從死，上以報帝之恩，中以解宗族之禍，下不令陰氏有人豕之譏。」 即欲飲藥，宮人趙玉者固禁之，因詐言「屬有使來，上疾已愈」，貴人乃止。 明日，上果瘳。 及陰後之廢，貴人請救，不能得。 帝欲以貴人為皇后，貴人愈稱疾篤，深自閉絕。 冬，十月，辛卯，詔立貴人鄧氏為皇后； 後辭讓，不得已，然後即位。 郡國貢獻，悉令禁絕，歲時但供紙墨而已，帝每欲官爵鄧氏，後輒哀請謙讓，故兄騭終帝世不過虎賁中郎將。
Initially Grand Tutor Deng Yu once told people, "I commanded a million troops and never rashly killed a single person—later generations will surely have one who rises." His son Protector of the Qiang Xun had a daughter named Sui, filial and friendly by nature, who loved books and classics. She often cultivated women's work by day and recited classics by evening, and the family called her "the students." Her uncle Tai said, "I have heard that one who keeps a thousand persons alive will have enfeoffed descendants. Brother Xun as Gentleman-in-Attendance repaired the Stone Mortar River and each year saved several thousand lives. The Way of Heaven can be trusted, and the family will surely receive blessing." Sui was later selected into the palace as Honored Person. Respectful and cautious, her movements had law and measure. She served the Yin empress, received and soothed her peers, and always restrained herself to be below them. Even palace women and slaves received added favor and forbearance, and the Emperor deeply praised her. Once she fell ill, the Emperor specially ordered her mother and brothers to enter and attend her medicine without limit on days. The Honored Person declined, saying, "Palace prohibitions are supremely weighty, yet you let my external household long remain within the inner precincts. Above, this lets Your Majesty incur the reproach of private favor; below, it lets this humble woman obtain the slander of not knowing sufficiency. Both above and below are harmed—I truly do not wish it!" The Emperor said, "Others all take frequent entry as glory—you take it as sorrow?" Whenever there were feasts the various consorts competed to adorn themselves, but the Honored Person alone favored simplicity. If her clothes matched the Yin empress's color, she at once removed and changed them. If they entered audience together, she did not dare sit upright apart; walking she stooped in self-abasement. Whenever the Emperor asked something, she always hesitated and answered from behind, not daring to speak before or after. The Yin empress was short in stature and her movements sometimes lost propriety—those at her side covered their mouths and laughed. The Honored Person alone was grieved and unhappy, concealing it for her as if it were her own fault. The Emperor knew the Honored Person labored in heart and bent her body, and sighed, "The toil of cultivating virtue—is it really like this!" Later the Yin empress's favor declined. Whenever the Honored Person would attend the emperor she always declined on grounds of illness. At that time the Emperor repeatedly lost princes. The Honored Person worried succession was not broad and repeatedly selected and advanced talented persons to please the Emperor's mind. The Yin empress, seeing the Honored Person's virtue praised daily more flourishing, deeply hated her. Once the Emperor lay critically ill in bed, the Yin empress secretly said, "When I have my wish, I will not let the Deng clan again have survivors!" The Honored Person heard it and, weeping, said, "I exhausted sincerity and utmost heart to serve the empress, yet in the end was not protected by her. Now I ought to follow her in death: above to repay the Emperor's grace, in the middle to resolve the clan's calamity, below not to let the Yin clan have the reproach of treating people as pigs." She was about to drink poison. Palace woman Zhao Yu firmly forbade her and falsely said, "Envoys have just come—the sovereign's illness has already recovered," and the Honored Person then stopped. The next day the Emperor indeed recovered. When the Yin empress was deposed, the Honored Person begged to rescue her but could not succeed. The Emperor wished to make the Honored Person empress, but the Honored Person increasingly claimed grave illness and deeply shut herself away. In winter, in the tenth month, on xinmao day, an edict installed Honored Person Deng as empress; the empress declined and yielded, could not obtain her wish, and only then took the throne. Tributes from commanderies and kingdoms were all forbidden; at the seasons only paper and ink were supplied. Whenever the Emperor wished to enfeoff and office the Deng clan, the empress always mournfully begged humility and yielded, so her elder brother Zhu throughout the Emperor's reign never rose above Colonel of the Swift Tiger.
100
丁酉，司空巢堪罷。
On dingyou day Minister of Works Chao Kan was dismissed.
101
十一月，癸卯，以大司農沛國徐防為司空。 防上疏，以為：「漢立博士十有四家，設甲乙之科以勉勸學者。 伏見太學試博士弟子，皆以意說，不修家法，私相容隱，開生奸路。 每有策試，輒興諍訟，論議紛錯，互相是非。 孔子稱『述而不作』，又曰『吾猶及史之闕文』。 今不依章句，妄生穿鑿，以遵師為非義，意說為得理，輕侮道術，浸以成俗，誠非詔書實選本意。 改薄從忠，三代常道； 專精務本，儒學所先。 臣以為博士及甲乙策試，宜從其家章句，開五十難以試之，解釋多者為上第，引文明者為高說。 若不依先師，義有相伐，皆正以為非。」 上從之。
In the eleventh month, on guimao day, Grand Minister of Agriculture Xu Fang of Peiguo was made Minister of Works. Fang submitted a memorial, holding, "Han established fourteen schools of Erudites and set grades A and B to encourage scholars. I observe that the Imperial University tests erudite disciples—all rely on personal interpretation, do not cultivate their school's method, privately cover for one another, and open the path of treachery. Whenever there are policy tests they always stir contention and litigation; discussion and debate are tangled in error and they mutually regard one another as wrong. Confucius said, 'transmit but do not compose,' and also said, 'I can still reach the scribes' gaps.'" Now they do not follow the zhangju, recklessly bore through and chisel, take obedience to teachers as wrong righteousness and personal interpretation as obtaining principle, lightly insult the Way and its techniques, and gradually make this custom—truly not the imperial edict's intent of solid selection. Reform what is thin toward loyalty—that is the constant Way of the Three Dynasties; concentrate and specialize, attend to roots—what Confucian learning puts first. Your servant holds that erudites and A/B policy tests ought to follow their school's zhangju, open fifty difficulties to test them; those who explain more are upper grade, those who cite classics clearly are high discourse. If they do not rely on former teachers and meanings mutually attack, all should be corrected as wrong." The Emperor followed it.
102
是歲，初封大長秋鄭眾為巢刀鄉侯。
This year Grand Chamberlain Zheng Zhong was first enfeoffed as Marquis of Chaodao township.
103
夏，四月，甲子晦，日有食之。 時帝遵肅宗故事，兄弟皆留京師，有司以日食陰盛，奏遣諸王就國。 詔曰：「甲子之異，責由一人。 諸王幼稚，早離顧復，弱冠相育，常有《蓼莪》、《凱風》之哀。 選儒之恩，知非國典，且復宿留。」
In summer, in the fourth month, on jiazi the last day of the month, there was a solar eclipse. At that time the Emperor followed Emperor Suzong's precedent and all his brothers remained in the capital. Officials, on account of the eclipse's yin excess, submitted to send the various kings to their states. An edict said, "The anomaly of jiazi is charged to one person. The various kings are young and early parted from tending and restoration. At weak cap they nurture one another and constantly feel the grief of 'Kudzu' and 'Happy Winds. This chosen hidden grace is known not to be national precedent, yet for the time being let them remain."
104
秋，九月，壬年，車駕南巡，清河、濟北、河間三王並從。
In autumn, in the ninth month, on renwu day the imperial carriage toured south, and the Kings of Qinghe, Jibei, and Hejian all followed.
105
四州雨水。
Four provinces suffered rain and flood.
106
冬，十月，戊申，帝幸章陵； 戊午，進幸雲夢。 時太尉張禹留守，聞車駕當幸江陵，以為不宜冒險遠遊，驛馬上諫。 詔報曰：「祠謁既訖，當南禮大江； 會得君奏，臨漢回輿而旋。」 十一月，甲申，還宮。
In winter, in the tenth month, on wushen day the Emperor visited Zhangling; on wuwu day he advanced to Yunmeng. At that time Grand Commandant Zhang Yu remained on guard. Hearing the imperial carriage would visit Jiangling, he held it unfitting to risk distant travel and sent a post horse to remonstrate urgently. An edict replied, "Sacrificial audiences being completed, I should go south to perform rites to the Great River; just as I received your memorial, at the Han I turned the carriage and returned." In the eleventh month, on jiashen day, he returned to the palace.
107
嶺南舊獻生龍眼、荔枝，十里一置，五里一候，晝夜傳送。 臨武長汝南唐羌上書曰：「臣聞上不以滋味為德，下不以貢膳為功。 伏見交趾七郡獻生龍眼等，鳥驚風發； 南州土地炎熱，惡蟲猛獸，不絕於路，至於觸犯死亡之害。 死者不可復生，來者猶可救也。 此二物升殿，未必延年益壽。」 帝下詔曰：「遠國珍羞，本以薦奉宗廟，苟有傷害，豈愛民之本，其敕太官勿復受獻！」
Lingnan formerly presented fresh longan and lychee—every ten li a post, every five li a courier station, relaying day and night. Chief of Linwu Tang Qiang of Runan memorialized, "Your servant hears that above does not take flavors as virtue and below does not take tribute delicacies as merit. I observe that Jiaozhi's seven commanderies present fresh longan and the like—birds startled, wind rising; the southern provinces' land is scorching hot, with evil insects and fierce beasts unceasing on the road, reaching offenses that bring death's harm. The dead cannot live again, but those who come can still be saved. These two things ascend the hall—not necessarily prolonging years and increasing life." The Emperor issued an edict, "Distant states' rare delicacies were originally to recommend and supply the ancestral temple. If there is harm, how is this the root of loving the people? Order the Imperial Kitchen no longer to accept tributes!"
108
是歲，初令郡國以日北至按薄刑。
This year commanderies and kingdoms were first ordered on the winter solstice to review and reduce punishments.
109
秋，七月，旱。
In autumn, in the seventh month, there was drought.
110
辛酉，司徒魯恭免。
On xinyou day Minister over the Masses Lu Gong was dismissed.
111
庚午，以光祿勳張酺為司徒； 八月，己酉，酺薨。
On gengwu day Director of the Secretariat Zhang Chi was made Minister over the Masses; in the eighth month, on jiyou day, Chi died.
112
冬，十月，辛卯，以司空徐防為司徒，大鴻臚陳寵為司空。
In winter, in the tenth month, on xinmao day, Minister of Works Xu Fang was made Minister over the Masses and Grand Herald Chen Chong Minister of Works.
113
十一月，己丑，帝行幸緱氏，登百岯山。
In the eleventh month, on jichou day, the Emperor traveled to Gou and ascended Mount Baipei.
114
北匈奴遣使稱臣貢獻，願和親，修呼韓邪故約。 帝以其舊禮不備，未許； 而厚加賞賜，不答其使。
The Northern Xiongnu sent envoys claiming submission and tribute, wishing peaceful kinship and to restore Huhanye's old covenant. The Emperor, because their old rites were not complete, did not permit it; yet richly added rewards and did not reply to their envoys.
115
春，高句驪王宮入遼東塞，寇略六縣。 夏，四月，庚午，赦天下，改元。
In spring King Gong of Gaogouli entered the Liaodong pass and raided six counties. In summer, in the fourth month, on gengwu day, he amnestied all under heaven and changed the era name.
116
秋，九月，遼東太守耿夔擊高句驪，破之。 冬，十二月，辛未，帝崩於章德前殿。 初，帝失皇子，前後十數，後生者輒隱秘養於民間，群臣無知者。 及帝崩，鄧皇后乃收皇子於民間。 長子勝，有痼疾； 少子隆，生始百餘日，迎立以為皇太子，是夜，即皇帝位。 尊皇后曰皇太后，太后臨朝。 是時新遭大憂，法禁未設，宮中亡大珠一篋； 太后念欲考問，必有不辜，乃親閱宮人，觀察顏色，即時首服。 又，和帝幸人吉成御者共枉吉成以巫蠱事，下掖庭考訊，辭證明白。 太后以吉成先帝左右，待之有恩，平日常無惡言，今反若此，不合人情； 更自呼見實核，果御者所為，莫不歎服以為聖明。
In autumn, in the ninth month, Administrator of Liaodong Geng Kui attacked Gaogouli and defeated them. In winter, in the twelfth month, on xinwei day, the Emperor died at Zhangde front hall. Initially the Emperor lost princes, more than ten in all. Those born later were secretly nurtured among the people, and the ministers did not know. When the Emperor died, Empress Deng gathered the princes from among the people. The eldest son Sheng had chronic illness; the youngest son Long, born barely more than a hundred days, was welcomed and established as crown prince, and that night immediately took the imperial throne. The empress was honored as empress dowager, and the dowager held court. At that time, newly suffering great grief, laws and prohibitions were not yet set, and a coffer of large pearls was lost in the palace; the dowager wished to examine and question them, knowing there would surely be innocents. She herself inspected the palace women, observed their countenances, and at once they confessed. Also, the He Emperor's favored person Ji Cheng and attendants together falsely accused Ji Cheng on a witchcraft affair and sent her down to the Palace of Enduring Autumn for examination. The words and evidence were clear. The dowager, because Ji Cheng had been at the former emperor's side and received favor and ordinarily never spoke evil, held that this was contrary to human feeling; she again personally summoned and verified the facts—indeed the attendants had done it. None failed to sigh in admiration that she was sage and enlightened.
117
北匈奴重遣使詣敦煌貢獻，辭以國貧未能備禮，願請大使，當遣子入侍。 太后亦不答其使，加賜而已。
The Northern Xiongnu again sent envoys to Dunhuang with tribute, saying that because the state was poor they could not complete the rites and wished to request a great envoy, and would send a son to attend court. The empress dowager also did not reply to their envoys and only added gifts.
118
雒陽令廣漢王渙，居身平正，能以明察發擿奸伏，外行猛政，內懷慈仁。 凡所平斷，人莫不悅服，京師以為有神。 是歲卒官，百姓市道，莫不咨嗟流涕。 渙喪西歸，道經弘農，民庶皆設般木案於路，吏問其故，咸言：「平常持米到雒，為吏卒所鈔，恆亡其半，自王君在事，不見侵枉，故來報恩。」 雒陽民為立祠、作詩，每祭，輒弦歌而薦之。 太后詔曰：「夫忠良之吏，國家之所以為治也，求之甚勤，得之至寡，今以渙子石為郎中，以勸勞勤。」
Magistrate of Luoyang Wang Huan of Guanghan dwelt upright and level, able with clear scrutiny to expose hidden treachery. Outwardly he was severe in government; inwardly he cherished benevolence. Whenever he judged cases, people none failed to rejoice and submit, and the capital regarded him as having spirit. This year he died in office, and common people in market and road none failed to sigh and weep. Huan's coffin went west homeward, passing Hongnong. The people all set wooden tables on the road. Officials asked the reason; all said, "Ordinarily when carrying rice to Luoyang it was seized by clerk soldiers and we always lost half. Since Lord Wang was in charge we saw no wrongful seizure—therefore we come to repay his grace." The people of Luoyang built a temple and composed a poem for him. At each sacrifice they strummed song and offered. The empress dowager issued an edict, "Loyal and good officials are what the state uses to govern. Seeking them is very diligent, yet obtaining them is supremely few. Now make Huan's son Shi Gentleman-in-Attendance to encourage diligent toil."