1
資治通鑑第049卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 49.
2
【漢紀四十一】起柔兆敦牂，盡旃蒙單閼，凡十年。
【Han Records 41】 From the first year of the Rouzhao cycle through the last year of the Zhanmeng cycle—ten years in all.
3
春，正月，辛卯，以太尉張禹為太傅，司徒徐防為太尉，參錄尚書事。 太后以帝在襁褓，欲令重臣居禁內。 乃詔禹捨宮中，五日一歸府； 每朝見，特贊，與三公絕席。
In spring, in the first month, on xinmao day, Grand Commandant Zhang Yu was made Grand Tutor, Minister of Education Xu Fang was made Grand Commandant, and both recorded Master of Writing affairs. Because the emperor was still in swaddling clothes, the empress dowager wished to station senior ministers inside the inner palace. She then ordered Yu to leave the palace and return to his mansion once every five days; at each audience he received special encomium and a seat apart from the Three Ducal Ministers.
4
封皇兄勝為平原王。
The emperor's elder brother Sheng was enfeoffed as Prince of Pingyuan.
5
癸卯，以光祿勳梁鮪為司徒。
On guimao day Household Master of the Heir Liang Jin was made Minister of Education.
6
三月，甲申，葬孝和皇帝於慎陵，廟曰穆宗。
In the third month, on jiashen day, Emperor He of Han was buried at Shenling; his temple name was Muzong.
7
丙戌，清河王慶、濟北王壽、河間王開、常山王章始就國； 太后特加慶以殊禮。 慶子祜，年十三，太后以帝幼弱，遠慮不虞，留祜與嫡母耿姬居清河邸。 耿姬，況之曾孫也； 祜母，犍為左姬也。
On bingxu day Princes Qing of Qinghe, Shou of Jibei, Kai of Hejian, and Zhang of Changshan all departed for their states; the empress dowager granted Qing especially distinguished honors. Qing's son Hu, thirteen years old—the empress dowager, fearing trouble while the emperor was young and weak, kept Hu with his legitimate mother Lady Ji at the Qinghe residence in the capital. Lady Ji was Kuang's great-granddaughter; Hu's mother was the Left Lady of Qianwei.
8
夏，四月，鮮卑寇漁陽，漁陽太守張顯率數百人出塞追之。 兵馬掾嚴授諫曰：「前道險阻，賊勢難量，宜且結營，先令輕騎偵視之。」 顯意甚銳，怒，欲斬之，遂進兵。 愚虜伏發，士窣窸走，唯授力戰，身被十創，手殺數人而死。 主簿衛福、功曹徐鹹皆自投赴顯，俱歿於陳。
In summer, in the fourth month, the Xianbei raided Yuyang. Administrator Zhang Xian led several hundred men beyond the frontier in pursuit. Military Clerk Yan Shou remonstrated, "The road ahead is perilous and narrow, and the enemy's strength is hard to gauge. We ought to pitch camp first and send light cavalry to scout." Xian was eager to fight. In anger he wished to execute Shou and advanced anyway. The barbarians sprang an ambush. The troops broke and fled in disorder; only Shou fought on. He took ten wounds and killed several men with his own hands before he died. Chief Clerk Wei Fu and Merit Officer Xu Xian both rushed to Xian's side and perished with him on the field.
9
丙寅，以虎賁中郎將鄧騭為車騎將軍、儀同三司。 騭弟黃門侍郎悝為虎賁中郎將，弘、閶皆侍中。
On bingyin day Colonel of the Tiger Guards Deng Ni was made General of Cavalry and Chariots with protocol equal to the Three Ducal Ministers. Ni's younger brother Gentleman-in-Attendance of the Yellow Gates Kui was made Colonel of the Tiger Guards; Hong and Chang were both made Palace Attendants.
10
司空陳寵薨。
Minister of Works Chen Chong died.
11
五月，辛卯，赦天下。
In the fifth month, on xinmao day, the realm was pardoned.
12
壬辰，河東垣山崩。
On renchen day Mount Yuan in Hedong collapsed.
13
六月，丁未，以太常尹勤為司空。
In the sixth month, on dingwei day, Grand Master of Splendid Horses Yin Qin was made Minister of Works.
14
郡國三十七雨水。
Thirty-seven commanderies and kingdoms suffered flooding.
15
己未，太后詔減太官、導官、尚方、內署諸服御、珍膳、靡麗難成之物，自非供陵廟，稻梁米不得導擇，朝夕一肉飯而已。 舊太官、湯官經用歲且二萬萬，自是裁數千萬。 及郡國所貢，皆減其過半； 悉斥賣上林鷹犬； 離宮、別館儲峙米□、薪炭，悉令省之。
On jiwei day the empress dowager ordered reductions in garments, delicacies, and costly luxuries from the Grand Steward, Guiding Office, Imperial Workshops, and inner services. Except for the imperial tombs and temples, grain was no longer specially selected; morning and evening there was only one meat dish per meal. Formerly the Grand Steward and Soup Office spent nearly two hundred million a year; thereafter spending was cut to several tens of millions. Tribute from the commanderies and kingdoms was cut by more than half; all the Shanglin hawks and dogs were sold off; stored grain□, firewood, and charcoal at retreat palaces and detached lodges were all ordered cut back.
16
丁卯，詔免遣掖庭宮人及宗室沒入者皆為庶民。
On dingmao day an edict released palace women of the Rear Palace and confiscated members of the imperial clan and made them commoners.
17
秋，七月，庚寅，敕司隸校尉、部刺史曰：「間者郡國或有水災，防害秋稼，朝廷惟咎，憂惶悼懼。 而郡國欲獲豐穰虛飾之譽，遂覆蔽災害，多張墾田，不揣流亡，競增戶口，掩匿盜賊，令奸惡無懲，署用非次，選舉乖宜，貪苛慘毒，延及平民。 刺史垂頭塞耳，阿私下比，不畏於天，不愧於人。 假貸之恩，不可數恃，自今以後，將糾其罰。 二千石長吏其各實核所傷害，為除田租芻稿。」
In autumn, in the seventh month, on gengyin day, she charged the Director of the Metropolitan Area and the provincial inspectors, "Recently some commanderies and kingdoms have suffered floods that harmed the autumn harvest. The court blames itself alone and is anxious with grief and dread. Yet commanderies and kingdoms, seeking the reputation of abundance, covered up disasters, greatly inflated reclaimed fields, ignored fugitives, competed to swell household registers, concealed robbers, let the wicked go unpunished, appointed officials out of order, chose men improperly, and were greedy, harsh, and cruel even toward commoners. Inspectors hung their heads and stopped their ears, fawning on subordinates, fearing neither Heaven nor shame before men. Lenient forbearance countless on again. From now on I shall correct them with punishment. Let each two-thousand-dan chief official truly verify the damage suffered and grant exemption from field rent and fodder."
18
八月，辛卯，帝崩。 癸丑，殯於崇德前殿。 太后與兄車騎將軍騭、虎賁中郎將悝等定策禁中，其夜，使騭持節以王青蓋車迎清河王子祜，齋於殿中。 皇太后御崇德殿，百官皆吉服陪位，引拜祜為長安侯。 乃下詔，以祜為孝和皇帝嗣，又作策命。 有司讀策畢，太尉奉上璽綬，即皇帝位，太后猶臨朝。
In the eighth month, on xinmao day, the emperor died. On guichou day the coffin was placed in the front hall of Chongde. The empress dowager, with her elder brother General of Cavalry and Chariots Ni, Colonel of the Tiger Guards Kui, and the rest, fixed the succession inside the inner palace. That night she sent Ni with credentials in the king's blue-canopy carriage to welcome the Prince of Qinghe's son Hu, who fasted in the hall. The empress dowager presided in Chongde Hall. All officials in formal dress took their places, and Hu was led in and hailed as Marquis of Chang'an. She then issued an edict making Hu heir to Emperor He of Han and composed an appointment mandate. When the responsible officials finished reading the mandate, the Grand Commandant presented the seal and cord. Hu took the throne, and the empress dowager still held court.
19
詔告司隸校尉、河南尹、南陽太守曰：「每覽前代，外戚賓客濁亂奉公，為民患苦，咎在執法怠懈，不輒行其罰故也。 今車騎將軍騭等雖懷敬順之志，而宗門廣大，姻戚不少，賓客奸猾，多干禁憲，其明加檢敕，勿相容護。」 自是親屬犯罪，無所假貸。
An edict told the Director of the Metropolitan Area, the Intendant of Henan, and the Administrator of Nanyang, "Whenever I read of past ages, empresses' kin and their guests corrupted public service and brought suffering on the people—the fault lay in lax enforcement that did not promptly punish them. Though General of Cavalry and Chariots Ni and his kin are respectful and compliant, their clan is large and their marriage kin many; their guests are crafty and often break the law. Inspect and discipline them clearly—do not tolerate or shield them." From then on, when kin committed crimes, none received lenience.
20
九月，六州大水。
In the ninth month six provinces suffered great floods.
21
丙寅，葬孝殤皇帝於康陵。 以連遭大憂，百姓苦役，方中秘藏及諸工作事，事減約十分居一。
On bingyin day Emperor Shang of Han was buried at Kangling. Because the realm had suffered successive great bereavements and the people were worn down by corvée, work on the inner treasury and other projects was cut to about one-tenth.
22
乙亥，殞石於陳留。
On yihai day a meteorite fell in Chenliu.
23
詔以北地梁慬為西域副校尉。 慬行至河西，會西域諸國反，攻都護任尚於疏勒； 尚上書求救，詔慬將河西四郡羌，胡五千騎馳赴之。 慬未至而尚己得解，詔征尚還，以騎都尉段禧為都護，西域長史趙博為騎都尉。 禧、博守它乾城，城小，梁慬以為不可固，乃譎說龜茲王白霸，欲入共保其城； 白霸許之，吏民固諫，白霸不聽。 慬既入，遣將急迎段禧、趙博，合軍八九千人。 龜茲吏民並叛其王，而與溫宿、姑墨數萬兵反，共圍城，慬等出戰，大破之。 連兵數月，胡眾敗走，乘勝追擊，凡斬首萬餘級，獲生口數千人，龜茲乃定。
An edict appointed Liang Lin of Beidi Deputy Colonel of the Western Regions. As Lin traveled he reached Hexi. The Western Region states rebelled and attacked Protector Ren Shang at Shule; Shang memorialized for help. An edict ordered Lin to lead five thousand Qiang and Hu cavalry from the four Hexi commanderies to the rescue. Before Lin arrived Shang was already relieved. An edict recalled Shang, made Colonel of Cavalry Duan Xi protector, and made Western Regions Chief Clerk Zhao Bo Colonel of Cavalry. Xi and Bo held Taqian, a small city. Liang Lin thought it could not be held and deceitfully persuaded King Bai Ba of Kucha to let them enter and guard his city together; Bai Ba agreed. Officials and commoners remonstrated firmly, but he would not listen. Once Lin had entered, he sent a general in haste to bring in Duan Xi and Zhao Bo. Together they mustered eight or nine thousand men. Kucha's officials and people rebelled against their king and, with Wensu and Gumo, raised tens of thousands of men in revolt and besieged the city. Lin and his men sallied forth and routed them. After months of fighting the Hu forces broke and fled. Pursuing in victory, they took more than ten thousand heads and several thousand captives. Kucha was then pacified.
24
冬，十月，四州大水，雨雹。
In winter, in the tenth month, four provinces suffered great floods and hail.
25
清河孝王慶病篤，上書求葬樊濯宋貴人塚旁。 十二月，甲子，王薨。
Prince Xiao of Qinghe was gravely ill and memorialized asking to be buried beside the tombs of the Honored Ladies Fan Zhuo and Song. In the twelfth month, on jiazi day, the prince died.
26
乙酉，罷魚龍曼延戲。
On yiyou day the fish-dragon pageant was abolished.
27
尚書郎南陽樊准以儒風浸衰，上疏曰：「臣聞人君不可以不學。 光武皇帝受命中興，東西誅戰，不遑啟處，然猶投戈講藝，息馬論道。 孝明皇帝庶政萬機，無不簡心，而垂情古典，游意經藝，每饗射禮畢，正坐自講，諸儒並聽，四方欣欣。 又多征名儒，布在廓廟，每宴會則論難衎衎，共求政化，期門、羽林介冑之士，悉通《孝經》，化自聖躬，流及蠻荒，是以議者每稱盛時，鹹言永平。 今學者益少，遠方尤甚，博士倚席不講，儒者競論浮麗，忘謇謇之忠，習諓諓之辭，臣愚以為宜下明詔，博求幽隱，寵進儒雅，以俟聖上講習之期。」 太后深納其言，詔：「公、卿、中二千石各舉隱士、大儒，務取高行，以勸後進，妙簡博士，必得其人。」
Gentleman of the Masters of Writing Fan Zhun of Nanyang, seeing Confucian learning in decline, memorialized, "I have heard that a ruler cannot do without study. Emperor Guangwu received the mandate and restored the dynasty. Though he campaigned east and west without leisure to rest, he still cast aside weapons to discuss the arts and rested his horses to discourse on the Way. Emperor Ming handled the myriad affairs of state, none neglected, yet still cherished the classics and dwelt in the canon. When each archery feast ended he sat upright and lectured while all the scholars listened, and the four quarters rejoiced. He also summoned many famous scholars and placed them in the outer court. At each feast they debated with lively eloquence and sought good government together. Guards of the Gate and armored men of the Feathered Forest all mastered the Classic of Filial Piety. Transformation began with the sovereign and reached even the wild borderlands, so deliberators praised that flourishing age and all called it the Yongping era. Now scholars grow ever fewer, especially in distant regions. Erudites lean on their mats without teaching. Confucians compete in empty elegance, forgetting forthright loyalty and learning flattery. I foolishly think Your Majesty should issue a clear edict, seek the hidden and reclusive broadly, favor true scholars, and await the day when the sovereign may lecture and study again." The empress dowager deeply accepted his counsel and ordered, "Let each ducal minister and two-thousand-dan official recommend hidden scholars and great Confucians, seeking high conduct to encourage those who follow, and choose erudites with care—you must obtain worthy men."
28
漢孝安皇帝上
Emperor An of Han, Part One.
29
春，正月，癸酉朔，赦天下。
In spring, in the first month, on the new moon of guiyou day, the realm was pardoned.
30
蜀郡徼外羌內屬。
Qiang beyond the Shu frontier submitted.
31
二月，丁卯，分清河國封帝弟常保為廣川王。
In the second month, on dingmao day, Qinghe was divided and the emperor's younger brother Changbao was enfeoffed as Prince of Guangchuan.
32
庚午，司徒梁鮪薨。
On gengwu day Minister of Education Liang Jin died.
33
三月，癸酉，日有食之。
In the third month, on guiyou day, there was a solar eclipse.
34
己卯，永昌徼外僬僥種夷陸類等舉種內附。
On jimao day the Jiaorao Yi Lu Lei and others beyond the Yongchang frontier led their tribes to submit.
35
甲申，葬清河孝王於廣丘，司空、宗正護喪事，儀比東海恭王。
On jiashen day Prince Xiao of Qinghe was buried at Guangqiu. The Minister of Works and Director of the Imperial Clan oversaw the funeral with rites equal to those for Prince Gong of Donghai.
36
自和帝之喪，鄧騭兄弟常居禁中，騭不欲久在內，連求還第，太后許之。 夏，四月，封太傅張禹、太尉徐防、司空尹勤、車騎將軍鄧騭，城門校尉鄧悝、虎賁中郎將鄧弘、黃門郎鄧閶皆為列侯，食邑各萬戶，騭以定策功增三千戶； 騭及諸弟辭讓不獲，遂逃避使者，間關詣闕，上疏自陳，至於五六，乃許之。
Since Emperor He's funeral the Deng Ni brothers had lived inside the inner palace. Ni did not wish to stay there long and repeatedly asked to return home. The empress dowager granted it. In summer, in the fourth month, Grand Tutor Zhang Yu, Grand Commandant Xu Fang, Minister of Works Yin Qin, General of Cavalry and Chariots Deng Ni, Colonel of the City Gates Kui, Colonel of the Tiger Guards Hong, and Gentleman of the Yellow Gates Chang were all enfeoffed as ranked marquises with ten-thousand-household fiefs. For fixing the succession Ni received three thousand households more; Ni and his brothers declined but could not refuse. They fled the envoys, made their way to the palace by hard paths, and memorialized their case five or six times before permission was granted.
37
五月，甲戌，以長樂衛尉魯恭為司徒。 恭上言：「舊制，立秋乃行薄刑，自永元十五年以來，改用孟夏。 而刺史、太守因以盛夏徵召農民，拘對考驗，連滯無已。 上逆時氣，下傷農業。 按月令『孟夏斷薄刑』者，謂其輕罪已正，不欲令久系，故時斷之也。 臣愚以為今孟夏之制，可從此令。 其決獄案考，皆以立秋為斷。」 又奏：「孝章皇帝欲助三正之微，定律著令，斷獄皆以冬至之前。 小吏不與國同心者，率入十一月得死罪賊，不問曲直，便即格殺，雖有疑罪，不復讞正。 可令大辟之科，盡冬月乃斷。」 朝廷皆從之。
In the fifth month, on jiaxu day, Chamberlain for the Palace of Eternal Joy Lu Gong was made Minister of Education. Gong memorialized, "By old regulation lenient punishments were carried out only at the Beginning of Autumn. Since the fifteenth year of Yongyuan the Beginning of Summer has been used instead. Inspectors and governors thereupon summon farmers in the height of summer, detain them for examination, and delays drag on without end. Above it goes against the season; below it harms the harvest. The monthly ordinances say 'At the Beginning of Summer suspend lenient punishments' because once light crimes are settled one does not wish prisoners held long, and therefore releases them at that season. I foolishly think the present Beginning-of-Summer practice should follow this ordinance. Deciding cases and conducting prison examinations should all end at the Beginning of Autumn." He also memorialized, "Emperor Zhang wished to aid the slightness of the three beginnings, fixed laws and ordinances, and required that cases be decided before the winter solstice. Petty clerks not loyal to the state, as a rule in the eleventh month, when they caught capital criminals or bandits, asked neither right nor wrong and killed them on the spot. Even doubtful cases were no longer sent up for review. Let capital cases be decided only in the winter months." The court accepted all of this.
38
丁丑，詔封北海王睦孫壽光侯普為北海王。
On dingchou day an edict made Marquis of Shouguang Pu, grandson of Prince Mu of Beihai, Prince of Beihai.
39
九真徼外、夜郎蠻夷，舉土內屬。
Beyond the Jiuzhen frontier and among the Yelang tribes, whole territories submitted.
40
西域都護段禧等雖保龜茲，而道路隔塞，檄書不通。 公卿議者以為「西域阻遠，數有背叛，吏士屯田。 其費無已。」 六月，壬戌，罷西域都護，遣騎都尉王弘發關中兵，迎禧及梁慬、趙博、伊吾盧、柳中屯田吏士而還。
Protector Duan Xi and his men, though they held Kucha, were cut off on the roads and dispatches could not get through. Deliberators among the ducal ministers held that "the Western Regions are distant and obstructed, rebel repeatedly, and officials and soldiers must farm garrisons there. The expense never ends." In the sixth month, on renxu day, the Protector of the Western Regions was abolished. Colonel of Cavalry Wang Hong was sent to muster Guanzhong troops and bring back Xi, Liang Lin, Zhao Bo, and the garrison farmers of Yiwulu and Liuzhong.
41
初，燒當羌豪東號之子麻奴隨父來降，居於安定。 時諸降羌布在郡縣，皆為吏民豪右所徭役，積以愁怨。 及王弘西迎段禧，發金城、隴西、漢陽羌數百千騎與俱，郡縣迫促發遣。 群羌懼遠屯不還，行到酒泉，頗有散叛，諸郡各發兵邀遮，或覆其廬落； 於是勒姐、當煎大豪東岸等愈驚，遂同時奔潰。 麻奴兄弟因此與種人俱西出塞，先零別種，滇零與鍾羌諸種大為寇掠，斷隴道。 時羌歸附既久，無復器甲，或持竹竿木枝以代戈矛，或負板案以為楯，或執銅鏡以象兵，郡縣畏懦不能制，丁卯，赦除諸羌相連結謀叛逆者罪。
Earlier Manu, son of the Shaodang Qiang chieftain Eastern Hao, had followed his father in submission and lived in Anding. At that time submitted Qiang were spread through the commanderies and counties and were all pressed into corvée by local officials and powerful families, and resentment built over time. When Wang Hong went west to fetch Duan Xi, he mustered several hundred or thousand Qiang horsemen from Jincheng, Longxi, and Hanyang to accompany him, and the commanderies and counties pressed urgently to dispatch them. The Qiang masses feared the distant garrison would never let them return. Reaching Jiuquan, many scattered and rebelled. The commanderies each sent troops to intercept them, and some overran their camps; thereupon the great chiefs of Lejie and Dangjian, including Dong'an, grew ever more alarmed and fled and collapsed together. Manu and his brothers thereupon went west beyond the pass with their tribesmen. The separate Xianling branch, Dianling, and the various Zhong Qiang tribes raided on a great scale and cut the Long Road. The Qiang had long been submitted and had no arms or armor. Some held bamboo poles and wooden branches instead of spears and halberds, some bore boards and trays as shields, and some grasped bronze mirrors to imitate soldiers. The commanderies and counties were fearful and could not control them. On dingmao day, an amnesty removed the crime of Qiang who had joined in plotting rebellion.
42
秋，九月，午，太尉徐防以災異，寇賊策免。 三公以災異免，自防始。 辛未，司空尹勤以水雨漂流策免。
In autumn, in the ninth month, on wu day, Grand Commandant Xu Fang was dismissed by memorial on account of calamities and banditry. Dismissal of the Three Excellencies on account of calamities began with Fang. On xinwei day, Minister of Works Yin Qin was dismissed by memorial on account of flooding.
43
══仲長統昌言曰：光武皇帝慍數世之失權，忿強臣之竊命，矯枉過直，政不任下，雖置三公，事歸台閣。 自此以來，三公之職，備員而已； 然政有不治，猶加譴責。 而權移外戚之家，寵被近習之豎，親其黨類，用其私人，內充京師，外布列郡，顛倒賢愚，貿易選舉，疲駑守境，貪殘牧民，撓擾百姓，忿怒四夷，招致乖叛，亂離斯瘼，怨氣並作，陰陽失和，三光虧缺，怪異數至，蟲螟食稼，水旱為災。 此皆戚宦之臣所致然也，反以策讓三公，至於死、免，乃足為叫呼蒼天，號咷泣血者矣！ 又，中世之選三公也，務於清愨謹慎，循常習故者，是乃婦女之檢柙，鄉曲之常人耳，惡足以居斯位邪！ 勢既如彼，選又如此，而慾望三公勳立於國家，績加於生民，不亦遠乎！ 昔文帝之於鄧通，可謂至愛，而猶展申徒嘉之志。 夫見任如此，則何患於左右小臣哉！ 至如近世，外戚、宦豎，請托不行，意氣不滿，立能陷人於不測之禍，惡可得彈正者哉！ 曩者任之重而責之輕，今者任之輕而責之重。 光武奪三公之重，至今而加甚； 不假後黨以權，數世而不行； 蓋親疏之勢異也！ 今人主誠專委三公，分任責成，而在位病民，舉用失賢，百姓不安，爭訟不息，天地多變，人物多妖，然後可以分此罪矣！
══ Zhongchang Tong's Changyan says: Emperor Guangwu resented generations of lost power and was angry that powerful ministers stole the mandate. In correcting the crooked he went past straight—government did not entrust subordinates. Though he set up the Three Excellencies, affairs returned to the Secretariat. From this time onward, the Three Excellencies were mere figureheads; yet when government went awry, they were still blamed and censured. Yet power shifted to empresses' kin, favor reached the eunuchs of close attendance. They favored their factions and employed their private men, filling the capital within and spreading through the commanderies without, inverting worthy and foolish and trading in appointments, keeping worn nags to guard the borders and being greedy and cruel toward the people, harassing the common folk and enraging the four barbarians, inviting estrangement and rebellion. Disorder and separation became this affliction. Resentment arose together, yin and yang lost harmony, the sun, moon, and stars were dimmed, strange things came repeatedly, insects and locusts ate the crops, and flood and drought brought calamity. All this was wrought by empresses' kin and eunuch ministers, yet memorials shifted the blame onto the Three Excellencies until death and dismissal—enough to make one cry out to Heaven and wail until blood flowed! Moreover, middle-period selection of the Three Excellencies strove for purity, honesty, and caution. Men who followed routine and old custom were but a woman's restraints and a village ordinary—how could they suffice for these posts! Power being already like that and selection again like this, yet to expect the Three Excellencies to establish merit for the state and benefit the people—is that not far indeed! Of old Emperor Wen's love for Deng Tong could be called utmost, yet he still carried out Shen Tujia's intent. If those seen and entrusted were like this, what worry would there be for petty ministers at one's side! As for recent times, if empresses' kin and eunuch attendants found requests denied or their pride unsatisfied, they could at once trap a man in unforeseen calamity. How could they be impeached and corrected! Formerly responsibility was heavy and blame light; now responsibility is light and blame heavy. Guangwu stripped the Three Excellencies of weight, and to the present it has grown ever more severe; he did not lend power to empresses' kin of later ages—several generations passed and it was not done; surely because the situation of near and distant kin differed! Now if the ruler truly entrusted the Three Excellencies, divided duties, and charged them with results, yet those in office harmed the people, promotions lost the worthy, the common folk were unrestful, lawsuits did not cease, Heaven and Earth changed often, and portents multiplied among men and things—only then could this guilt be apportioned!
44
壬午，詔：太僕、少府減黃門鼓吹以補羽林士； 廄馬非乘輿常所御者，皆減半食； 諸所造作，非供宗廟園陵之用，皆且止。
On renwu day, an edict ordered the Grand Coachman and Privy Treasurer to reduce Yellow Gate musicians to supplement Gentlemen of the Forest Army; stable horses not regularly used by the imperial carriage were all to receive half rations; all construction not for the ancestral temples and park tombs was for the time to cease.
45
庚寅，以太傅張禹為太尉，太常周章為司空。
On gengyin day, Grand Tutor Zhang Yu was made Grand Commandant and Grand Master of Ceremonies Zhou Zhang was made Minister of Works.
46
大長秋鄭眾、中常侍蔡倫等皆秉勢豫政，周章數進直言，太后不能用。 初，太后以平原王勝有痼疾，而貪殤帝孩抱，養為己子，故立焉。 及殤帝崩，群臣以勝疾非痼，意鹹歸之； 太后以前不立勝，恐後為怨，乃迎帝而立之。 周章以眾心不附，密謀閉宮門，誅鄧騭兄弟及鄭眾、蔡倫，劫尚書，廢太后於南宮，封帝為遠國王而立平原王。 事覺，冬，十一月，丁亥，章自殺。
Grand Chamberlain for the Palace Zheng Zhong, Regular Palace Attendant Cai Lun, and others all grasped power and took part in government. Zhou Zhang repeatedly spoke plainly, but the empress dowager would not heed him. Earlier the empress dowager, because Prince Sheng of Pingyuan had a chronic ailment yet coveted the infant Emperor Shang in his arms, reared him as her own son and therefore established him. When Emperor Shang died, the ministers held that Sheng's illness was not chronic and all inclined toward him; the empress dowager, fearing resentment because she had earlier not established Sheng, welcomed the emperor and established him. Zhou Zhang, because popular hearts did not attach, secretly plotted to close the palace gates, execute the Deng Zhi brothers along with Zheng Zhong and Cai Lun, seize the Masters of Writing, depose the empress dowager in the Southern Palace, enfeoff the emperor as king of a distant state, and establish the Prince of Pingyuan. The affair was discovered. In winter, in the eleventh month, on dinghai day, Zhang killed himself.
47
戊子，敕司隸校尉、冀、并二州刺史，「民訛言相驚，棄捐舊居，老弱相攜，窮困道路。 其各敕所部長吏躬親曉喻：若欲歸本郡，在所為封長檄； 不欲，勿強。」
On wuzi day, he charged the Director of Retainers and the inspectors of Ji and Bing, "The people, alarmed by false rumors, abandoned their old dwellings. Old and weak led one another, destitute on the roads. Each is to charge his chief officials to go in person and instruct them clearly: if they wish to return to their native commandery, let them seal a long dispatch where they are; if they do not wish to, do not compel them."
48
十二月，乙卯，以穎川太守張敏為司空。
In the twelfth month, on yimao day, Administrator of Yingchuan Zhang Min was made Minister of Works.
49
詔車騎將軍鄧騭、征西校尉任尚將五營及諸郡兵五萬人，屯漢陽以備羌。
An edict ordered General of Chariots and Cavalry Deng Zhi and Colonel of the Western Expedition Ren Shang to lead the Five Camps and commandery troops, fifty thousand men, to encamp at Hanyang against the Qiang.
50
是歲，郡國十八地震，四十一大水，二十八大風，雨雹。
This year eighteen commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes, forty-one suffered great floods, twenty-eight suffered great winds, and there was hail.
51
鮮卑大人燕荔陽詣闕朝賀。 太后賜燕荔陽王印綬、赤車、參駕，令止烏桓校尉所居寧城下，通胡市，因築南、北兩部質館。 鮮卑邑落百二十部各遺入質。
The Xianbei great chief Yanliyang came to court to offer congratulations. The empress dowager granted Yanliyang a king's seal and cord, a red carriage, and three-horse equipage, ordered him to stay below Ningcheng where the Wuhuan Colonel dwelt, open markets with the Hu, and built hostage lodges for the southern and northern divisions. One hundred twenty Xianbei settlements and tribes each sent in hostages.
52
春，正月，鄧騭至漢陽； 諸郡兵未至，鐘羌數千人擊敗騭軍於冀西，殺千餘人。 梁慬還，至敦煌，逆詔慬留為諸軍援。 慬至張掖，破諸羌萬餘人，其能脫者十二三； 進至姑臧，羌大豪三百餘人詣慬降，並慰譬，遣還故地。
In spring, in the first month, Deng Zhi reached Hanyang; the commandery troops had not arrived. Several thousand Zhong Qiang defeated Zhi's army in Jixi and killed more than a thousand. Liang Xi was returning and reached Dunhuang. Contrary to the edict, Xi was kept as reinforcement for the armies. Xi reached Zhangye and routed more than ten thousand of the various Qiang. Only one or two in ten escaped; advancing to Guzang, more than three hundred great Qiang chiefs came to submit to Xi. He comforted and instructed them all and sent them back to their former lands.
53
御史中丞樊准以郡國連年水旱，民多饑困，上疏：「請令太官、尚方、考功、上林池御諸官，實減無事之物； 五府調省中都官吏、京師作者。 又，被災之郡，百姓凋殘，恐非賑給所能勝贍，雖有其名，終無其實。 可依征和元年故事，遣使持節慰安，尤困乏者徙置荊、揚孰郡。 今雖有西屯之役，宜先東州之急。」 太后從之。 悉以公田賦與貧民，即擢准與議郎呂倉並守光祿大夫。 二月，乙丑，遺准使冀州、倉使兗州稟貸，流民鹹得蘇息。 夏，旱。 五月，丙寅，皇太后幸洛陽寺及若盧獄錄囚徒。 洛陽有囚，實不殺人而被考自誣，羸困輿見，畏吏不敢言，將去，舉頭若欲自訴。 太后察視覺之，即呼還問狀，具得枉實。 即時收洛陽令下獄抵罪。 行未還宮，澍雨大降。
Imperial Secretary Fan Zhun, because commanderies and kingdoms had suffered flood and drought for successive years and the people were largely hungry and distressed, submitted a memorial: "Request that the Grand Provisioner, Palace Workshop, Office for Evaluating Merit, Shanglin Park, Ponds and Parks, and the various offices truly reduce idle items; the Five Offices adjust and reduce capital officials and capital construction workers. Moreover, in disaster-struck commanderies the people were withered and ruined. I fear relief and grants cannot suffice to support them; though the name exists, in the end there is no substance. One may follow the precedent of the first year of Zhenghe, send envoys holding credentials to comfort and reassure, and relocate those especially destitute to fertile commanderies of Jing and Yang. Now though there is the western encampment campaign, the eastern provinces' urgency ought to come first." The empress dowager followed this. All public fields were assigned to the poor. Zhun and Gentleman Consultant Lü Cang were at once promoted to act as Household Ministers. In the second month, on yichou day, Zhun was sent as envoy to Ji Province and Cang to Yan Province to distribute loans. The displaced people all obtained relief. In summer there was drought. In the fifth month, on bingyin day, the empress dowager visited Luoyang prison and the Ruolu prison to review prisoners. In Luoyang a prisoner had in truth not killed anyone yet under torture confessed falsely. Emaciated and exhausted, he was carried in a cart to be seen. He feared the officials and dared not speak, but as he was about to leave he raised his head as if wishing to plead his case. The empress dowager on close inspection perceived him, called him back at once to question the case, and fully learned the truth of the injustice. At once she seized the magistrate of Luoyang, cast him into prison, and punished his crime. Before she had returned to the palace on her way, a timely rain fell in abundance.
54
六月，京師及郡國四十大水，大風，雨雹。 秋，七月，太白入北斗。 閏月，辛丑，廣川王常保薨。 無子，國除。
In the sixth month the capital and forty commanderies and kingdoms suffered great floods, great winds, and hail. In autumn, in the seventh month, Venus entered the Northern Dipper. In the intercalary month, on xinchou day, Prince Changbao of Guangchuan died. He had no sons, and the state was abolished.
55
癸未，蜀郡徼外羌舉士內屬。
On guiwei day, Qiang beyond the border markers of Shu Commandery presented scholars and submitted.
56
冬，鄧騭使任尚及從事中郎河內司馬鈞率諸郡兵，與滇零等數萬人戰於平襄，尚軍大敗，死者八千餘人，羌眾遂大盛，朝廷不能制。 湟中諸縣，粟石萬錢，百姓死亡不可勝數，而轉運難劇。 故左校令河南龐參先坐法輸作若盧，使其子俊上書曰：「方今西州流民擾動，而征發不絕，水潦不沐，地力不復，重之以大軍，疲之以遠戍，農功消於轉運，資財竭於征發，田疇不得墾闢，禾稼不得收入，搏手困窮，無望來秋，百姓力屈，不復堪命。 臣愚以為萬里運糧，遠就羌戎，不若總兵養眾，以待其疲。 車騎將軍騭宜且振旅，留征西校尉任尚，使督涼州士民轉居三輔，休徭役以助其時，止煩賦以益其財，令男得耕種，女得織紝，然後畜精銳，乘懈沮，出其不意，攻其不備，則邊民之仇報，奔北之恥雪矣。」 書奏，會樊准上疏薦參，太后即擢參於徒中，召拜謁者，使西督三輔諸軍屯。 十一月，辛酉，詔鄧騭還師，留任尚屯漢陽為諸軍節度。 遣使迎拜騭為大將軍。 既至，使大鴻臚親迎，中常侍郊勞，王、主以下候望於道，寵靈顯赫，光震都鄙。
In winter Deng Zhi sent Ren Shang and Attendant Gentleman Sima Jun of Henei to lead commandery troops against Dianling and others, tens of thousands, at Pingxiang. Shang's army was routed; more than eight thousand died. The Qiang masses thereupon grew greatly powerful, and the court could not control them. In the counties of Huangzhong grain cost ten thousand cash per shi. The people's deaths were countless, and transport was desperately hard. Former Left Commandant of the Palace Pang Can of Henan, having first been charged by law and sent to labor at Ruolu, had his son Jun submit a memorial saying, "Just now the western provinces' displaced people are disturbed, yet levies and drafts do not cease. Flooding has not been washed away and the land's strength has not recovered. On top of this is the great army, wearied by distant garrison. Agricultural work is consumed in transport and resources exhausted in levies. Fields cannot be opened and grain cannot be gathered. Wringing their hands in destitution, the people have no hope for next autumn. Their strength is spent and they can no longer bear the burden. Your servant foolishly holds that transporting grain ten thousand li to fight the Qiang and Rong far away is not as good as gathering troops and nurturing the masses to await their exhaustion. General of Chariots and Cavalry Zhi ought for the time to withdraw the army and leave Colonel of the Western Expedition Ren Shang to oversee moving Liang Province gentry and people to settle in the Three Metropolises, rest corvée labor to aid their season, and stop troublesome levies to increase their wealth, so that men may plow and sow and women weave. Then store elite troops, ride their slackness and discouragement, strike where they do not expect and are unprepared, and the border people's revenge will be answered and the shame of flight north wiped away." The memorial was submitted. It happened that Fan Zhun also recommended Can. The empress dowager at once promoted Can from among the convicts, summoned and appointed him Herald, and sent him west to oversee the encamped armies of the Three Metropolises. In the eleventh month, on xinyou day, an edict ordered Deng Zhi to return the army. Ren Shang was left encamped at Hanyang as coordinator of the armies. Envoys were sent to welcome and invest Zhi as Grand General. When he arrived, the Grand Herald welcomed him in person and a Regular Palace Attendant saluted him in the suburbs. Princes, princesses, and those below waited along the road. Favor and grace were brilliant and manifest, their light shaking capital and outskirts.
57
滇零自稱天子，於北地招集武都參狼、上郡、西河諸雜種羌斷隴道，寇鈔三輔，南入益州，殺漢中太守董炳。 梁慬受詔當屯金城，聞羌寇三輔，即引兵赴擊，轉戰武功、美陽間，連破走之，羌稍退散。
Dianling styled himself Son of Heaven. At Beidi he gathered the Canlang of Wudu, Shang, Xihe, and various mixed Qiang tribes, cut the Long Road, raided the Three Metropolises, entered Yi Province southward, and killed Administrator of Hanzhong Dong Bing. Liang Xi was ordered to encamp at Jincheng. Hearing the Qiang raided the Three Metropolises, he led troops at once to strike them, fighting repeatedly between Wugong and Meiyang, repeatedly defeating and driving them off until the Qiang gradually withdrew and scattered.
58
十二月，廣漢塞外參狼羌降。
In the twelfth month the Canlang Qiang beyond the passes of Guanghan submitted.
59
是歲，郡國十二地震。
This year twelve commanderies and kingdoms suffered earthquakes.
60
春，正月，庚子，皇帝加元服，赦天下。
In spring, in the first month, on gengzi day, the emperor performed the capping ceremony and amnestied the realm.
61
遣騎都尉任仁督諸郡屯兵救三輔。 仁戰數不利，當煎、勒姐羌攻沒破羌縣，鍾羌攻沒臨洮縣，執隴西南部都尉。
Colonel of Cavalry Ren Ren was sent to oversee commandery encamped troops to rescue the Three Metropolises. Ren fought several times without success. The Dangjian and Lejie Qiang attacked and overran Poqiang county. The Zhong Qiang attacked and overran Lintao county and seized the Colonel of the Western Expedition of Longxi.
62
三月，京師大饑，民相食。 壬辰，公卿詣闕謝； 詔「務思變復，以助不逮。」
In the third month the capital suffered great famine and the people ate one another. On renchen day the excellencies and ministers came to court to apologize; an edict ordered, "Strive to think of change and recovery to aid what is lacking."
63
壬寅，司徒魯恭罷。 恭再在公位，選辟高第至列卿、郡守者數十人，而門下耆舊或不蒙薦舉，至有怨望者。 恭聞之，曰：「學之不講，是吾憂也，諸生不有鄉舉者乎！」 終無所言，亦不借之議論。 學者受業，必窮核問難，道成，然後謝遣之。 學者曰：「魯公謝與議論，不可虛得。」
On renyin day Minister of Education Lu Gong was dismissed. Gong twice held excellency. Several tens of those he selected and summoned with high grades reached ranked ministers and administrators, yet elders among his disciples sometimes did not receive recommendation, and some bore resentment. Gong heard of it and said, "That learning is not expounded is my worry. Do the students not have village recommendations!" In the end he said nothing more and would not discuss it with them. Students who received his teaching had to exhaust investigation and questioning in difficulty. Only when the Way was accomplished were they dismissed. Students said, "Duke Lu's dismissal and discussion cannot be obtained in vain."
64
夏，四月，丙寅，以大鴻臚九江夏勤為司徒。
In summer, in the fourth month, on bingyin day, Grand Herald Xia Qin of Jiujiang was made Minister of Education.
65
三公以國用未足，奏令吏民入錢穀得為關內侯、虎賁、羽林郎、五官、大夫、官府吏、緹騎、營士各有差。
Because state expenses were insufficient the Three Excellencies memorialized that officials and people who contributed cash and grain might obtain, with respective differences, Marquis Within the Passes, Tiger's Fang, Forest Army gentleman, Five Offices, Grandee, government clerk, brocade-clad rider, and camp soldier.
66
甲申，清河愍王虎威薨，無子。 五月，丙申，封樂安王寵子延平為清河王，奉孝王后。
On jiashen day Prince Min of Qinghe Huwei died without sons. In the fifth month, on bingshen day, Yanping, son of Prince Chong of Le'an, was enfeoffed as Prince of Qinghe to serve the empress of filial piety.
67
六月，漁陽烏恆與右北平胡千餘寇代郡、上谷。
In the sixth month Wuhuan of Yuyang and more than a thousand Hu of Youbeiping raided Dai and Shanggu.
68
漢人韓琮隨匈奴南單于入朝，既還，說南單于云：「關東水潦，人民飢餓死盡，可擊也。」 單于信其言，遂反。
The Han man Han Cong followed the Southern Chanyu of the Xiongnu to court. When he returned, he told the Southern Chanyu, "East of the Pass there is flooding. The people are hungry and starved to extinction. You can strike." The chanyu believed him and rebelled.
69
秋，七月，海賊張伯路等寇濱海九郡，殺二千石、令、長； 遣侍御史巴郡龐雄督州郡兵擊之，伯路等乞降，尋復屯聚。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the sea bandits Zhang Bolu and others raided nine coastal commanderies, killing two-thousand-dan officials, magistrates, and chiefs; Attendant Imperial Secretary Pang Xiong of Ba was sent to oversee commandery and state troops to strike them. Bolu and the others begged to submit but soon gathered again.
70
九月，雁門烏桓率眾王無何允與鮮卑大人丘倫等，及南匈奴骨都侯合七千騎寇五原，與太守戰於高渠谷，漢兵大敗。
In the ninth month Wuhuan of Yanmen, chieftain-king Wuhe Yun, the Xianbei great chief Qiulun and others, and the Southern Xiongnu Gudu Marquis together led seven thousand horsemen to raid Wuyuan and fought the administrator at Gaoqu Valley. Han troops were routed.
71
南單于圍中郎將耿種於美稷。 冬，十一月，以大司農陳國何熙行車騎將軍事，中郎將龐雄為副，將五營及邊郡兵二萬餘人，又詔遼東太守耿夔率鮮卑及諸郡兵共擊之。 以梁慬行度遼將軍事。 雄、夔擊南匈奴薁鞬日逐王，破之。
The Southern Chanyu besieged Commandant of the Gentlemen Geng Zhong at Meiji. In winter, in the eleventh month, Grand Minister of Agriculture He Xi of Chen was put in charge of Chariots and Cavalry military affairs, with Colonel of the Gentlemen Pang Xiong as deputy, leading more than twenty thousand troops of the Five Camps and frontier commanderies. An edict also ordered Administrator of Liaodong Geng Kui to lead Xianbei and troops from the various commanderies to attack jointly. Liang Qin was put in charge of General Who Crosses the Liao military affairs. Pang Xiong and Geng Kui attacked the Southern Xiongnu Yuwu Rizhu King and defeated him.
72
十二月，辛酉，郡國九地震。
In the twelfth month, on xinyou day, nine commanderies and states had earthquakes.
73
乙亥，有星孛於天苑。
On yihai day, a broom star appeared in Celestial Park.
74
是歲，京師及郡國四十一雨水，并、涼二州大饑，人相食。
That year the capital and forty-one commanderies and states suffered rain and flooding. Bing and Liang provinces suffered a great famine, and people ate one another.
75
太后以陰陽不和，軍旅數興，詔歲終饗遣衛士勿設戲作樂，減逐疫侲子之半。
Because yin and yang were not in harmony and armies were frequently raised, the Empress Dowager ordered that at the year-end feast dismissing the guards there be no theatrical performances or music, and that plague-exorcism puppet performers be reduced by half.
76
春，正月，元會，徹樂，不陳充庭車。
In spring, in the first month, at the New Year assembly, music was removed and the filling-court chariots were not displayed.
77
鄧騭在位，頗能推進賢士，薦何熙、李郃等列於朝廷，又辟弘農楊震、巴郡陳禪等置之幕府，天下稱之。 震孤貧好學，明歐陽《尚書》，通達博覽，諸儒為之語曰：「關西孔子楊伯起。」 教授二十餘年，不答州郡禮命，眾人謂之晚暮，而震志愈篤。 騭聞而辟之，時震年已五十餘，累遷荊州刺史、東萊太守。 當之郡，道經昌邑，故所舉荊州茂才王密為昌邑令，夜懷金十斤以遺震。 震曰：「故人知君，君不知故人，何也？」 密曰：「暮夜無知者。」 震曰：「天知，地知，我知，子知，何謂無知者！」 密愧而出。 後轉涿郡太守。 性公廉，子孫常蔬食、步行； 故舊或欲令為開產業，震不肯，曰：「使後世稱為清白吏子孫，以此遺之，不亦厚乎！」 張伯路復攻郡縣，殺吏，黨眾浸盛。 詔遣御史中丞王宗持節發幽、冀諸郡兵合數萬人，征宛陵令扶風法雄為青州刺史，與宗並力討之。
Deng Bi held office and was quite able to advance worthy men. He recommended He Xi, Li He, and others to the court, and also recruited Yang Zhen of Hongnong, Chen Chan of Bajun, and others to his staff. All under heaven praised him. Yang Zhen was orphaned and poor yet loved learning. He mastered Ouyang's Documents of the Sage and was broadly learned. The Confucians said of him, "The Confucius of Guanxi—Yang Boqi." He taught for more than twenty years and did not accept provincial appointments. The crowd called this tardiness in his career, yet Yang Zhen's resolve grew firmer. Deng Bi heard of him and recruited him. Yang Zhen was already more than fifty and was successively promoted to Governor of Jing Province and Administrator of Donglai. When he was going to his commandery he passed through Changyi. Wang Mi of Jing Province, a maocai he had formerly recommended, was magistrate of Changyi and at night carried ten jin of gold to present to Yang Zhen. Yang Zhen said, "An old friend knew you—why do you not know your old friend?" Wang Mi said, "At night no one would know." Yang Zhen said, "Heaven knows, earth knows, I know, and you know—what do you mean by saying no one would know!" Wang Mi left in shame. Later he was transferred to be Administrator of Zhuo Commandery. By nature he was just and incorrupt. His descendants often ate plain food and went on foot; old friends sometimes wished him to establish estates, but Yang Zhen refused, saying, "To let posterity call us descendants of an incorrupt official and leave them this—is it not a rich legacy!" Zhang Bolu again attacked commanderies and counties, killed officials, and his faction grew ever stronger. An edict sent Imperial Secretary Wang Zong with credentials to mobilize troops from You and Ji commanderies totaling tens of thousands, summoned Wanling Magistrate Fa Xiong of Fufeng to be Governor of Qing Province, and had him join Wang Zong in suppressing them.
78
南單于圍耿種數月，梁慬、耿夔擊斬其別將於屬國故城，單于自將迎戰，慬等復破之，單于遂引還虎澤。
The Southern Chanyu besieged Geng Zhong for months. Liang Qin and Geng Kui attacked and beheaded his deputy general at the old city of the Dependent State. The Chanyu personally led troops to meet them in battle, but Qin and others defeated him again, and the Chanyu thereupon withdrew to Huzhe.
79
丙午，詔減百官及州郡縣奉各有差。 二月，南匈奴寇常山。
On bingwu day, an edict reduced the salaries of officials and of commandery, prefecture, and county staffs by varying degrees. In the second month the Southern Xiongnu raided Changshan.
80
滇零遣兵寇褒中，漢中太守鄭勤移屯褒中。 任尚軍久出無功，民廢農桑，乃詔尚將吏兵還屯長安，罷遣南陽、穎川、汝南吏士。 乙丑，初置京兆虎牙都尉於長安，扶風都尉於雍，如西京三輔都尉故事。
Diangling sent troops to raid Baozhong, and Administrator of Hanzhong Zheng Qin moved his camp to Baozhong. Ren Shang's army had been out long without success and the people abandoned farming and sericulture. An edict then ordered Shang to lead officers, clerks, and troops back to encamp at Chang'an and dismissed the officers and soldiers of Nanyang, Yingchuan, and Runan. On yichou day, the Jingzhao Huya Commandant was first established at Chang'an and the Fufeng Commandant at Yong, following the precedent of the Western Capital's Three Assistants commandants.
81
謁者龐參說鄧騭徙邊郡不能自存者入居三輔，騭然之，欲棄涼州，並力北邊。 乃會公卿集議，騭曰：「譬若衣敗壞，一以相補，猶有所完，若不如此，將兩無所保。」 公卿皆以為然。 郎中陳國虞詡言於太尉張禹曰：「若大將軍之策，不可者三：先帝開拓土宇，劬勞後定，而今憚小費，舉而棄之，此不可一也。 涼州既棄，即以三輔為塞，則園陵單外，此不可二也。 喭曰：『關西出將，關東出相。』 烈士武臣，多出涼州，士風壯猛，便習兵事。 今羌、胡所以不敢入據三輔為心腹之害者，以涼州在後故也。 涼州士民所以推鋒執銳，蒙矢石於行陳，父死於前，子戰於後，無反顧之心者，為臣屬於漢故也。 今推而捐之，割而棄之，民庶安土重還，必引領而怨曰：『中國棄我於夷狄！』 雖赴義從善之人，不能無恨。 如卒然起謀，因天下之饑敝，乘海內之虛弱，豪雄相聚，量材立帥，驅氏、羌以為前鋒，席捲而東，雖賁、育為卒，太公為將，猶恐不足當御； 如此，則函谷以西，園陵舊京非復漢有，此不可三也。 議者喻以補衣猶有所完，詡恐其疽食侵淫而無限極也！」 禹曰：「吾意不及此，微子之言，幾敗國事！」 詡因說禹：「收羅涼土豪傑，引其牧守子弟於朝，令諸府各辟數人，外以勸厲答其功勤，內以拘致防其邪計。」 禹善其言，更集四府，皆從詡議。 於是辟西州豪桀為掾屬，拜牧守、長吏子弟為郎，以安慰之。
Gentleman Pang Can persuaded Deng Bi to move people from frontier commanderies unable to sustain themselves into the Three Assistants. Bi agreed and wished to abandon Liang Province and concentrate strength on the northern border. He then convened the ministers for joint deliberation and said, "It is like clothes that are torn—if you patch them together, something still remains whole. If you do not do so, both parts will be lost." The ministers all thought this correct. Gentleman Yu Xu of Chen said to Grand Commandant Zhang Yu, "If the Grand General's plan is adopted, there are three reasons it cannot be done. The Former Emperor opened and expanded the realm, toiling until it was settled, yet now we shrink from small expense and abandon it all at once—this cannot be done, first. Once Liang Province is abandoned, the Three Assistants become the frontier, and the imperial parks and tombs stand alone beyond the border—this cannot be done, second. The proverb says, 'Generals come from west of the Pass, chancellors from east of the Pass. Bold warriors and martial ministers mostly come from Liang Province. Its customs are vigorous and fierce, and men are skilled in military affairs. Now the reason the Qiang and Hu do not dare enter and occupy the Three Assistants as a mortal wound is that Liang Province lies behind them. The reason the people of Liang Province thrust forward and grasp sharp weapons, face arrows and stones in the battle line, with fathers dying in front and sons fighting behind without turning back, is that they are subjects of Han. Now if we thrust them aside and cast them away, cut them off and abandon them, the people will love their land yet be forced to return and will surely stretch their necks in resentment, saying, 'The central state has cast us off to the barbarians! Even men who rush to righteousness and follow goodness cannot be without resentment. If they suddenly rise in conspiracy, taking advantage of the empire's famine and exhaustion and the realm's weakness within, heroes gather, choose leaders by ability, drive the Di and Qiang as vanguard, and sweep eastward—even with Ben and Yu as common soldiers and Grand Duke Jiang as general, I fear it would still be insufficient to withstand them; if so, then west of Hangu Pass the imperial parks and the old capital would no longer belong to Han—this cannot be done, third. Those in the debate likened it to patching clothes so that something still remains whole. Xu feared that, like a gangrenous sore eating inward, there would be no limit!" Zhang Yu said, "My thought did not reach this far. But for your words, we would nearly have ruined the state's affairs!" Yu Xu thereupon advised Zhang Yu, "Gather the great men of Liang Province, bring their governors' and prefects' sons and younger brothers to court, and have each office recruit several men—outwardly to encourage and reward their merit and diligence, inwardly to detain and guard against wicked designs." Zhang Yu approved his words, reconvened the Four Offices, and all followed Yu Xu's proposal. Thereupon the great men of the western provinces were recruited as clerks and aides, and the sons and younger brothers of governors, prefects, and senior officials were appointed Gentlemen to reassure them.
82
鄧騭由是惡詡，欲以吏法中傷之。 會朝歌賊寧季等數千人攻殺長吏，屯聚連年，州郡不能禁，乃以詡為朝歌長。 故舊皆吊之，詡笑曰：「事不避難，臣之職也。 不遇槃根錯節，無以別利器，此乃吾立功之秋也。」 始到，謁河內太守馬稜。 稜曰：「君儒者，當謀謨廟堂，乃在朝歌，甚為君憂之。」 詡曰：「此賊犬羊相聚，以求溫飽耳，願明府不以為憂。」 稜曰：「何以言之？」 詡曰：「朝歌者，韓、魏之郊，背太行，臨黃河，去敖倉不過百里，而青、冀之民流亡萬數，賊不知開倉招眾，劫庫兵，守成皋，斷天下右臂，此不足憂也。 今其眾新盛，難與爭鋒； 兵不厭權，願寬假轡策，勿令有所拘閡而已。」 及到官，設三科以募求壯士，自掾史以下各舉所知，其攻劫者為上，傷人偷盜者次之，不事家業者為下，收得百餘人，詡為饗會，悉貰其罪，使入賊中誘令劫掠，乃伏兵以待之，遂殺賊數百人。 又潛遣貧人能縫者傭作賊衣，以采線縫其裾，有出市裡者，吏輒禽之。 賊由是駭散，咸稱神明，縣境皆平。
Deng Bi therefore hated Yu Xu and wished to harm him through the penal code. It happened that the Chaoge bandits Ning Ji and others, several thousand strong, attacked and killed senior officials and gathered for years while the provinces and commanderies could not suppress them. Yu Xu was therefore made magistrate of Chaoge. Old friends all condoled with him. Yu Xu laughed and said, "Not to shun difficulty in affairs is a minister's duty. Unless one meets twisted roots and knotted joints, there is no way to distinguish sharp tools—this is the season for me to establish merit." When he first arrived he called on Administrator of Henei Ma Ling. Ma Ling said, "You are a Confucian and ought to plan policy in the ancestral temple—yet you are in Chaoge. I am very worried for you." Yu Xu said, "These bandits are dogs and sheep gathered together seeking only food and warmth. I beg the governor not to worry." Ma Ling said, "On what grounds do you say so?" Yu Xu said, "Chaoge is the borderland of Han and Wei, backed by the Taihang Mountains and facing the Yellow River, less than a hundred li from Aocang, while tens of thousands of people from Qing and Ji are refugees. The bandits do not know to open the granaries to gather followers, seize the armory weapons, hold Chenggao, and cut off the empire's right arm. This is not worth worry. Now their host is newly strong and hard to meet in the clash of arms; war does not reject stratagem. I beg you to relax the reins and not let me be constrained." When he took office he set three categories to recruit stalwart men. From clerks downward each recommended those he knew—robbers and plunderers ranked highest, wounders and thieves next, and those who neglected their households lowest. More than a hundred were gathered. Yu Xu held a feast, pardoned all their crimes, and sent them into the bandits to lure them to raid. Then he set ambush troops to wait and killed several hundred bandits. He also secretly sent poor men who could sew to work as hired tailors for the bandits' clothes, stitching colored thread into the hems. When anyone went out into the market the officials seized him. The bandits were thereby terrified and scattered. All called him divine, and the county was entirely pacified.
83
三月，何熙軍到五原曼柏，暴疾，不能進； 遣龐雄與梁慬、耿種將步騎萬六千人攻虎澤，連營稍前。 單于見諸軍並進，大恐怖，顧讓韓琮曰：「汝言漢人死盡，今是何等人也！」 乃遣使乞降，許之。 單于脫帽徒跣，對龐雄等拜陳，道死罪。 於是赦之，遇待如初，乃還所鈔漢民男女及羌所略轉賣入匈奴中者合萬餘人。 會熙卒，即拜梁慬度遼將軍。 龐雄還，為大鴻臚。
In the third month He Xi's army reached Manbai in Wuyuan and was stricken with sudden illness and could not advance; he sent Pang Xiong with Liang Qin and Geng Zhong to lead sixteen thousand infantry and cavalry to attack Huzhe, advancing camp by camp. The Chanyu saw the armies advancing together and was greatly terrified. He turned and reproached Han Cong, "You said the Han people were all dead—who are these men now!" He then sent envoys to beg surrender, and this was granted. The Chanyu removed his hat and went barefoot, bowed before Pang Xiong and the others, and confessed capital crimes. Thereupon he was pardoned and treated as before. He then returned Han men and women he had seized and those the Qiang had captured and resold into the Xiongnu—more than ten thousand in all. It happened that He Xi died, and Liang Qin was immediately appointed General Who Crosses the Liao. Pang Xiong returned and was made Grand Herald.
84
先零羌復寇褒中，鄭勤欲擊之，主簿段崇諫，以為「虜乘勝，鋒不可當，宜堅守待之。」 勤不從，出戰，大敗，死者三千餘人，段崇及門下吏王宗、原展以身扞刃，與勤俱死。
The Xianling Qiang again raided Baozhong. Zheng Qin wished to attack them, but Registrar Duan Chong remonstrated, holding that "the barbarians ride victory—their edge cannot be met. We should hold firm and wait." Zheng Qin did not follow this, went out to battle, and was greatly defeated. More than three thousand died. Duan Chong and his retainers Wang Zong and Yuan Zhan used their bodies to block blades and died with Zheng Qin.
85
徙金城郡居襄武。
Jincheng Commandery was moved to dwell at Xiangwu.
86
戊子，杜陵園火。
On wuzi day, the park at Duling caught fire.
87
癸巳，郡國九地震。
On guisi day, nine commanderies and states had earthquakes.
88
夏，四月，六州蝗。
In summer, in the fourth month, six provinces suffered locusts.
89
丁丑，赦天下。
On dingchou day, an amnesty was declared for all under heaven.
90
王宗、法雄與張伯路連戰，破走之，會赦到，賊以軍未解甲，不敢歸降。 王宗召刺史太守共議，皆以為當遂擊之，法雄曰：「不然。 兵凶器，戰危事，勇不可恃，勝不可必。 賊若乘船浮海，深入遠島，攻之未易也。 及有赦令，可且罷兵以慰誘其心，勢必解散，然後圖之，可不戰而定也。」 宗善其言，即罷兵。 賊聞，大喜，乃還所略人； 而東萊郡兵獨未爭甲，賊復驚恐，遁走遼東，止海島上。
Wang Zong and Fa Xiong fought Zhang Bolu repeatedly, defeated him, and drove him off. When the amnesty arrived the bandits, because the army had not yet laid aside armor, dared not return to surrender. Wang Zong summoned the inspectors and administrators for joint deliberation. All held that they should press the attack. Fa Xiong said, "Not so. Arms are baleful instruments and battle is a perilous affair. Courage cannot be relied on and victory cannot be assured. If the bandits take boats and float upon the sea to deep remote islands, they will not be easy to attack. Now that there is an amnesty edict, we may for the moment dismiss the troops to comfort and entice their hearts. They will surely disperse, and then we may plan against them—settled without battle." Wang Zong approved his words and immediately dismissed the troops. When the bandits heard this they were greatly pleased and returned those they had seized; but the troops of Donglai Commandery alone had not yet laid aside armor. The bandits were again alarmed, fled to Liaodong, and stopped on a sea island.
91
秋，七月，乙酉，三郡大水。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on yiyou day, three commanderies suffered great flooding.
92
騎都尉任仁與羌戰累敗，而兵士放縱，檻車征詣延尉，死。 護羌校尉段禧卒，復以前校尉侯霸代之，移居張掖。
Commandant of the Rapid Cavalry Ren Ren fought the Qiang repeatedly and was defeated. His soldiers were also undisciplined. He was summoned in a prisoner cart to the Minister of Justice and died. Protector of the Qiang Duan Xi died. The former protector Hou Ba was again appointed in his place and moved his seat to Zhangye.
93
九月，甲申，益州郡地震。
In the ninth month, on jiashen day, Yi Province and its commanderies had an earthquake.
94
皇太后母新野君病，太后幸其第，連日宿止； 三公上表固爭，乃還宮。 冬，十月，甲戌，新野君薨，使司空護喪事，儀比東海恭王。 鄧騭等乞身行服，太后欲不許，以問曹大家，大家上疏曰：「妾聞謙讓之風，德莫大焉。 今四舅深執忠孝，引身自退，而以方垂未靜，拒而不許，如後有豪毛加於今日，誠恐推讓之名不可再得。」 太后乃許之。 乃服除，詔騭復還輔朝政，更授前封，騭等叩頭固讓，乃止。 於是並奉朝請，位次三公下，特進、侯上，其有大議，乃詣朝堂，與公卿參謀。
The Empress Dowager's mother the Lady of Xinye was ill. The Empress Dowager visited her residence and lodged there for days; the Three Excellencies submitted memorials firmly remonstrating, and she then returned to the palace. In winter, in the tenth month, on jiaxu day, the Lady of Xinye died. The Minister of Works was ordered to oversee the funeral, with rites comparable to Prince Gong of Donghai. Deng Bi and others begged to retire and observe mourning. The Empress Dowager wished not to grant it and asked Lady Cao. She submitted, "Your servant has heard that the spirit of modest yielding is the greatest of virtues. Now the four uncles deeply hold loyalty and filial piety and withdraw themselves, yet because the realm is not yet settled you refuse them. I truly fear that if even a hair's breadth is added to today's burden, the name of yielding may never be won again." The Empress Dowager thereupon granted it. When mourning ended an edict ordered Deng Bi to return and assist court government and again grant his former fiefs. Bi and the others kowtowed and firmly declined, and it stopped. Thereupon they all attended court audiences, ranked below the Three Excellencies and above Specially Advanced and marquises. Only when there were great deliberations did they go to the court hall and counsel with the ministers.
95
太后詔陰後家屬皆歸故郡，還其資財五百餘萬。
The Empress Dowager ordered that the kin of the deposed Empress Yin all return to their native commanderies and restored to them more than five million in assets.
96
春，正月，庚辰朔，日有食之。
In spring, in the first month, on the first day gengchen, there was a solar eclipse.
97
丙戌，郡國十地震。
On bingxu day, ten commanderies and states had earthquakes.
98
己丑，太尉張禹免。 甲申，以光祿勳穎川李修為太尉。
On jichou day, Grand Commandant Zhang Yu was dismissed. On jiashen day, Director of the Secretariat Li Xiu of Yingchuan was made Grand Commandant.
99
先零羌寇河東，至河內，百姓相驚，多南奔渡河，使北軍中候朱寵將五營士屯孟津，詔魏郡、趙國、常山、中山繕作塢候六百一十六所。 羌既轉盛，而緣邊二千石、令、長多內郡人，並無守戰意，皆爭上徙郡縣以避寇難。 三月，詔隴西徒襄武，安定徙美陽，北地徙池陽，上郡徙衙。 百姓戀土，不樂去舊，遂乃刈其禾稼，發徹室屋，夷營壁，破積聚。 時連旱蝗饑荒，而驅蹙劫掠，流離分散，隨道死亡，或棄捐老弱，或為人僕妾，喪其太半。 復以任尚為侍御史，擊羌於上黨羊頭山，破之，乃罷孟津屯。
The Xianlian Qiang raided Hedong and reached Hanoi. The people alarmed one another and many fled south across the river. Zhu Chong, Central Attendant of the Northern Army, was sent to lead Five Camps soldiers to encamp at Mengjin. An edict ordered Weijun, Zhao, Changshan, and Zhongshan to repair and build six hundred sixteen walled forts. As the Qiang grew ever stronger, frontier commandery administrators and magistrates were mostly men from inner commanderies, all without will to defend and fight, and all competed to memorialize moving their commanderies and counties to avoid the bandits. In the third month, an edict moved Longxi to Xiangwu, Anding to Meiyang, Beidi to Chiyang, and Shang to Ya. The people loved their land and were unwilling to leave their old homes. Thereupon they cut their grain, tore down houses, leveled walls and camps, and destroyed their stores. At the time drought, locusts, and famine followed in succession, yet the people were driven, harried, and plundered, scattered along the roads and dying on the way. Some abandoned the old and weak, some became servants and concubines—more than half were lost. Ren Shang was again appointed Attending Clerk. He attacked the Qiang at Yangtou Mountain in Shangdang, defeated them, and then disbanded the Mengjin encampment.
100
夫餘王寇樂浪。
The king of Fuyu raided Lelang.
101
高句驪王宮與濊貊寇玄菟。
King Gong of Gaogouli together with the Huimo raided Xuantu.
102
夏，閏四月，丁酉，赦涼州、河西四郡。
In summer, in the intercalary fourth month, on dingyou day, the four commanderies of Liangzhou and Hexi were amnestied.
103
海郡張伯路復寇東萊，青州刺史法雄擊破之； 賊逃還遼東，遼東人李久等共斬之，於是州界清靜。
Zhang Bolu of Haip Commandery again raided Donglai, and Inspector of Qingzhou Fa Xiong defeated and routed him; the bandits fled back to Liaodong. Li Jiu and others of Liaodong together beheaded them, and thereafter the province's borders were peaceful.
104
秋，九月，漢陽人杜琦及弟季貢、同郡王信等與羌通謀，聚眾據上邽城。 冬，十二月，漢陽太守趙博遣客杜習刺殺琦； 封習討奸侯。 杜季貢、王信等將其眾據樗泉營。
In autumn, in the ninth month, Du Qi of Hanyang and his younger brother Jigong, Wang Xin of the same commandery, and others conspired with the Qiang, gathered a force, and held Shanggui city. In winter, in the twelfth month, Administrator of Hanyang Zhao Bo sent retainer Du Xi to assassinate Qi; Xi was enfeoffed as Marquis Who Punished Treachery. Du Jigong, Wang Xin, and others led their forces to hold Chuchuan camp.
105
是歲，九州蝗，郡國八雨水。
That year the nine provinces suffered locusts and eight commanderies and states suffered rain floods.
106
春，正月，甲寅，詔曰：「凡供薦新味，多非其節，或郁養強孰，或穿掘萌牙，味無所至而夭折生長，豈所以順時育物乎！ 《傳》曰：『非其時不食。』 自今當奉祠陵廟及給御者，皆須時乃上。」 凡所省二十三種。
In spring, in the first month, on jiayin day, an edict said, "Whenever fresh delicacies are presented in tribute, many are not in season—some forced to ripen in warmth, some dug up as sprouts before their flavor has come, yet growth is cut off in its prime. How is this following the seasons and nurturing things! The Classic of History says, 'What is not in season, do not eat.' From now on what is offered at sacrifices to the imperial tombs and temples and what is supplied to the imperial table must all be presented only in season." In all twenty-three kinds were abolished."
107
三月，十州蝗。
In the third month, ten provinces suffered locusts.
108
夏，四月，乙丑，司空張敏罷。 己卯，以太常劉愷為司空。
In summer, in the fourth month, on yichou day, Minister of Works Zhang Min was dismissed. On jimao day, Director of Ceremonies Liu Kai was made Minister of Works.
109
詔建武元功二十八將皆紹封。
An edict continued the enfeoffment of all twenty-eight founding generals of the Jianwu era.
110
五月，旱。
In the fifth month, there was drought.
111
丙寅，詔令中二千石下至黃綬，一切復秩。 六月，壬辰，豫章員谿原山崩。
On bingyin day, an edict ordered that from middle two-thousand-bushel officials down to those with yellow ribbons, all ranks were restored. In the sixth month, on renchen day, Mount Yuanxi at Yuanxi in Yuzhang collapsed.
112
辛巳，赦天下。
On xinsi day, there was an amnesty for all under heaven.
113
侍御史唐喜討漢陽賊王信，破斬之。 杜季貢亡，從滇零。 是歲，滇零死，子零昌立，年尚少，同種狼莫為其計策，以季貢為將軍，別居丁奚城。
Attending Clerk Tang Xi attacked the Hanyang bandit Wang Xin, defeated him, and beheaded him. Du Jigong fled and followed Dianling. That year Dianling died. His son Lingchang was established, still young in years. Lang Mo of the same tribe made plans for him, made Jigong general, and had him dwell separately at Dingxi city.
114
春，二月，丙午，郡國十八地震。
In spring, in the second month, on bingwu day, eighteen commanderies and states suffered earthquakes.
115
夏，四月，乙未，平原懷王勝薨，無子； 太后立樂安夷王寵子得為平原王。
In summer, in the fourth month, on yiwei day, Prince Huai of Pingyuan Sheng died, having no son; the empress dowager established De, son of Prince Yi of Le'an Chong, as Prince of Pingyuan.
116
丙申晦，日有食之。
On bingshen the last day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
117
秋，護羌校尉侯霸、騎都尉馬賢擊先零別部牢羌於安定，獲首虜千人。
In autumn, Protector of the Qiang Hou Ba and Commandant of Cavalry Ma Xian attacked the Laoyang, a separate division of the Xianlian, in Anding and took a thousand heads and captives.
118
蝗。
There were locusts.
119
春，正月，甲子，改元。
In spring, in the first month, on jiazi day, the era name was changed.
120
二月，乙卯，日南地坼，長百餘里。
In the second month, on yimao day, the land of Rinan split open for more than a hundred li.
121
三月，癸亥，日有食之。
In the third month, on guihai day, there was a solar eclipse.
122
詔遣兵屯河內通谷衝要三十三所，皆為塢壁，設鳴鼓，以備羌寇。
An edict sent troops to garrison thirty-three strategic points in the Tonggu passes of Hanoi, all made into walled forts with sounding drums set up to guard against Qiang raids.
123
夏，四月，丁酉，赦天下。
In summer, in the fourth month, on dingyou day, there was an amnesty for all under heaven.
124
京師及郡國五旱，蝗。
The capital and five commanderies and states suffered drought and locusts.
125
五月，先零羌寇雍城。
In the fifth month, the Xianlian Qiang raided Yongcheng.
126
秋，七月，蜀郡夷寇蠶陵，殺縣令。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the Yi of Shujun raided Canling and killed the magistrate.
127
九月，乙丑，太尉李修罷。
In the ninth month, on yichou day, Grand Commandant Li Xiu was dismissed.
128
羌豪號多與諸種鈔掠武都、漢中、巴郡，板楯蠻救之，漢中五官掾程信率郡兵與蠻共擊破之。 號多走還，斷隴道，與零昌合，侯霸、馬賢與戰於枹罕，破之。
The Qiang chieftain Haoduo together with the various tribes raided Wudu, Hanzhong, and Bajun. The Banshun Man came to their rescue. Cheng Xin, Registrar of the Five Offices of Hanzhong, led commandery troops together with the Man and defeated them. Haoduo fled back, cut the Long Road, and joined Lingchang. Hou Ba and Ma Xian fought them at Fuhan and defeated them.
129
辛未，以大司農山陽司馬苞為太尉。
On xinwei day, Grand Minister of Agriculture Sima Bao of Shanyang was made Grand Commandant.
130
冬，十月，戊子朔，日有食之。
In winter, in the tenth month, on the first day wuzi, there was a solar eclipse.
131
涼州刺史皮楊擊羌於狄道，大敗，死者八百餘人。
Inspector of Liangzhou Pi Yang attacked the Qiang at Didao, suffered a great defeat, and more than eight hundred died.
132
是歲，郡國十五地震。
That year fifteen commanderies and states suffered earthquakes.
133
春，護羌校尉龐參以恩信招誘諸羌，號多等帥眾降； 參遣詣闕，賜號多侯印，遣之。 參始還治令居，通河西道。
In spring, Protector of the Qiang Pang Can with grace and trust summoned and induced the various Qiang to surrender. Haoduo and others led their masses to submit; Can sent them to the capital, bestowed on Haoduo a marquis's seal, and sent him away. Can for the first time returned to administer from Lingju and opened the Hexi road.
134
零昌分兵寇益州，遣中郎將尹就討之。 夏，四月，丙午，立貴人滎陽閻氏為皇后。 後性妒忌，後宮李氏生皇子保，後鴆殺李氏。
Lingchang divided his troops to raid Yizhou. Gentlemen of the Palace Yin Jiu was sent to attack them. In summer, in the fourth month, on bingwu day, Honored Person Yan of Xingyang was established as empress. The empress was jealous by nature. Lady Li of the rear palace bore Prince Bao, and the empress poisoned and killed Lady Li.
135
五月，京師旱，河南及郡國十九蝗。
In the fifth month, the capital suffered drought, and Henan and nineteen commanderies and states suffered locusts.
136
六月，丙戌，太尉司馬苞薨。
In the sixth month, on bingxu day, Grand Commandant Sima Bao died.
137
秋，七月，辛巳，以太僕泰山馬英為太尉。
In autumn, in the seventh month, on xinsi day, Grand Coachman Ma Ying of Taishan was made Grand Commandant.
138
八月，遼東鮮卑圍無慮； 九月，又攻夫犁營，殺縣令。
In the eighth month, the Xianbei of Liaodong besieged Wulü; in the ninth month they again attacked Fuli camp and killed the magistrate.
139
壬午晦，日有食之。
On renwu the last day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
140
尹就擊羌黨呂叔都等，蜀人陳省、羅橫應募刺殺叔都，皆封侯，賜錢。
Yin Jiu attacked the Qiang partisan Lü Shudou and others. Chen Sheng and Luo Heng of Shu answered the recruitment and assassinated Shudou. All were enfeoffed as marquises and given money.
141
詔屯騎校尉班雄屯三輔。 雄，超之子也。 以左馮翊司馬鈞行征西將軍，督關中諸郡兵八千餘人。 龐參將羌、胡兵七千餘人，與鈞分道並擊零昌。 參兵至勇士東，為杜季貢所敗，引退。 鈞等獨進，攻拔丁奚城，杜季貢率眾偽逃。 鈞令右扶風仲光等收羌禾稼，光等違鈞節度，散兵深入，羌乃設伏要擊之，鈞在城中，怒而不救。 冬，十月，乙未，光等兵敗，並沒，死者三千餘人，鈞乃遁還。 龐參既失期，稱病引還。 皆坐徵，下獄，鈞自殺。 時度遼將軍梁慬亦坐事抵罪。 校書郎中扶風馬融上書稱參、慬智能，宜宥過責效。 詔赦參等，以馬賢代參領護羌校尉，復以任尚為中郎將，代班雄屯三輔。
An edict ordered Colonel of the Garrison Cavalry Ban Xiong to encamp in the Three Adjuncts. Xiong was the son of Ban Chao. Administrator of the Left Metropolitan Area Sima Jun was made acting Western Expedition General, supervising more than eight thousand troops of the Guanzhong commanderies. Pang Can led more than seven thousand Qiang and Hu troops and with Jun divided forces to attack Lingchang together. Can's troops reached east of Yongshi and were defeated by Du Jigong, then withdrew. Jun and the others advanced alone, attacked and took Dingxi city, and Du Jigong led his forces in a feigned flight. Jun ordered Zhong Guang of the Right Metropolitan Area and others to gather the Qiang grain. Guang and the others violated Jun's command, scattered their troops and went deep in, and the Qiang set an ambush to intercept them. Jun was in the city, angry yet did not rescue them. In winter, in the tenth month, on yiwei day, Guang and the others' troops were defeated and all perished. More than three thousand died, and Jun then fled back. Pang Can having missed the deadline, claimed illness and withdrew. All were summoned and imprisoned. Jun killed himself. At the time Crossing-General Liang Xi was also punished on a charge. Gentleman of the Palace Secretariat Ma Rong of Fufeng submitted a memorial praising Can and Xi as intelligent and able, saying their faults ought to be pardoned and they should be required to render merit. An edict pardoned Can and the others, made Ma Xian replace Can as acting Protector of the Qiang, and again made Ren Shang Gentlemen of the Palace to replace Ban Xiong in garrisoning the Three Adjuncts.
142
懷令虞詡說尚曰：「兵法：弱不攻強，走不逐飛，自然之勢也。 今虜皆馬騎，日行數百里，來如風雨，去如絕弦，以步追之，勢不相及，所以雖屯兵二十餘萬，曠日而無功也。 為使君計，莫如罷諸郡兵，各令出錢數千，二十人共市一馬，以萬騎之眾，逐數千之虜，追尾掩截，其道自究。 便民利事，大功立矣。」 尚即上言，用其計，遣輕騎擊杜季貢於丁奚城，破之。
Magistrate of Huai Ling Yu Xu urged Shang, saying, "The art of war: the weak do not attack the strong, what walks does not pursue what flies—this is the natural tendency. Now the barbarians are all mounted, traveling several hundred li a day, coming like wind and rain and leaving like a broken bowstring. To pursue them on foot the momentum cannot reach them. Therefore though more than two hundred thousand troops are encamped, days pass without achievement. For your lordship's plan, nothing is better than disbanding the various commandery troops and having each man contribute several thousand cash so that twenty men together buy one horse. With ten thousand horsemen pursue several thousand barbarians, follow their tails and intercept them, and their path will naturally be exhausted. This benefits the people and profits the affair, and great merit is established." Shang at once memorialized and used his plan, sending light cavalry to attack Du Jigong at Dingxi city and defeating him.
143
太后聞虞詡有將帥之略，以為武都太守，羌眾數千遮詡於陳倉崤谷，詡即停軍不進，而宣言：「上書請兵，須到當發。」 羌聞之，乃分鈔傍縣。 詡因其兵散，日夜進道，兼行百餘里，令吏士各作兩灶，日增倍之，羌不敢逼。 或問曰：「孫臏減灶而君增之，兵法日行不過三十里，以戒不虞，而今日且二百里，何也？」 詡曰：「虜眾多，吾兵少，徐行則易為所及，速進則彼所不測。 虜見吾灶日增，必謂郡兵來迎，眾多行速，必憚追我。 孫臏見弱，吾今示強，勢有不同故也。」 既到郡，兵不滿三千，而羌眾萬餘，攻圍赤亭數十日。 詡乃令軍中，強弩勿發，而潛發小弩； 羌以為矢力弱，不能至，並兵急攻。 詡於是使二十強弩共射一人，發無不中，羌大震，退。 詡因出城奮擊，多所傷殺。 明日，悉陳其兵眾，令從東郭門出，北郭門入，貿易衣服，回轉數周； 羌不知其數，更相恐動。 詡計賊當退，乃潛遣五百餘人於淺水設伏，候其走路； 虜果大奔，因掩擊，大破之，斬獲甚眾。 賊由是敗散。 詡乃占相地勢，築營壁百八十所，招還流亡，假賑貧民，開通水運。 詡始到郡，谷石千，鹽石八千，見戶萬三千； 視事三年，米石八十，鹽石四百，民增至四萬餘戶，人足家給，一郡遂安。
The empress dowager heard that Yu Xu had the capacity of a commander and made him Administrator of Wudu. Several thousand Qiang blocked Xu at Chencang in the Xiaogu pass. Xu at once halted his army and did not advance, yet proclaimed, "I have memorialized requesting troops. When they arrive I shall set out." When the Qiang heard this, they divided to raid neighboring counties. Xu, because their troops were scattered, advanced day and night, making more than a hundred li in double marches, and ordered officers and soldiers each to make two cooking pits, doubling them daily. The Qiang did not dare press him. Someone asked, "Sun Bin reduced cooking pits yet you increase them. The art of war says a day's march does not exceed thirty li to guard against the unexpected—yet today you go nearly two hundred li. Why?" Xu said, "The barbarians are many and our troops few. If we go slowly we are easily caught; if we advance swiftly they cannot measure us. When the barbarians see our pits increase daily, they will surely think commandery troops come to meet us. Many men traveling fast—they will surely fear to pursue me. Sun Bin showed weakness; I now show strength—the situation differs." When he reached the commandery, his troops were fewer than three thousand while Qiang masses were more than ten thousand, attacking and besieging Chiting for several tens of days. Xu thereupon ordered the army not to loose strong crossbows but secretly to loose small crossbows; the Qiang thought the arrows' force was weak and could not reach them, massed their troops, and pressed the attack urgently. Xu thereupon had twenty strong crossbows shoot one man together. None missed, and the Qiang were greatly shaken and withdrew. Xu then went out of the city and struck fiercely, wounding and killing many. The next day he arrayed all his troops, ordered them out through the eastern gate and in through the northern gate, exchanged clothes, and wheeled about several circuits; the Qiang did not know their number and alarmed one another ever more. Xu calculated the bandits would withdraw, then secretly sent more than five hundred men to set an ambush in shallow water and wait for their escape route; the barbarians indeed fled in great disorder. He struck from ambush, routed them greatly, and beheaded and captured very many. The rebels were thereby defeated and scattered. Xu thereupon surveyed the terrain, built one hundred eighty fortified camps, summoned back refugees, lent grain to relieve the poor, and opened water transport. When Xu first arrived at the commandery, grain cost a thousand cash per picul, salt eight thousand per picul, and registered households numbered thirteen thousand; After three years in office, rice cost eighty cash per picul and salt four hundred per picul; the population increased to more than forty thousand households, people had enough and households were provided for, and the whole commandery was at peace.
144
十一月，庚申，郡國十地震。
In the eleventh month, on gengshen day, ten commanderies and kingdoms had earthquakes.
145
十二月，武陵澧中蠻反，州郡討平之。
In the twelfth month the Lízhōng barbarians of Wuling rebelled; the province and commanderies subdued them.
146
己酉，司徒夏勤罷，庚戌，以司空劉愷為司徒，光祿勳袁敞為司空。 敞，安之子也。
On jiyou day Grand Tutor Xia Qin was dismissed; on gengxu day Minister of Works Liu Kai was made Grand Tutor, and Household Minister Yuan Chang was made Minister of Works. Chang was the son of Yuan An.
147
前虎賁中郎將鄧弘卒。 弘性儉素，治歐陽《尚書》，授帝禁中。 有司奏贈弘驃騎將軍，位特進，封西平侯。 太后追弘雅意，不加贈位、衣服，但賜錢千萬，布萬匹； 兄騭等復辭不受。 詔封弘子廣德為西平侯。 將葬，有司復奏發五營輕車騎士，禮儀如霍光故事。 太后皆不聽，但白蓋雙騎，門生輓送。 後以帝師之重，分西平之都鄉，封廣德弟甫德為都鄉侯。
Former Colonel of the Rapid Horses in the Tiger Guard Deng Hong died. Hong was frugal and plain by nature; he studied Ouyang's Documents and instructed the Emperor within the inner palace. The responsible offices memorialized to posthumously grant Hong the title General of the Agile Cavalry, position as Specialist-in-Chief, and enfeoffment as Marquis of Xiping. The empress dowager, recalling Hong's refined simplicity, did not grant posthumous rank or burial robes, but only bestowed ten million cash and ten thousand bolts of cloth; His elder brother Zhi and others again declined and would not accept. An edict enfeoffed Hong's son Guangde as Marquis of Xiping. When he was about to be buried, the responsible offices again memorialized to dispatch light chariot and horse cavalry from the five camps, with rites and ceremony following Huo Guang's precedent. The empress dowager would not approve any of it, allowing only a white canopy and two horsemen, with his students serving as pallbearers. Later, in view of the weight of his office as the Emperor's teacher, the Capital Township of Xiping was separated out and Guangde's younger brother Fude was enfeoffed as Marquis of Duxiang.