1
資治通鑑第052卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 52.
2
【漢紀四十四】起閼逢閹茂，盡旃蒙作噩，凡十二年。
【Han Records 44】 From the first year of the Yanfeng cycle through the last year of the Zhanmeng cycle—twelve years in all.
3
夏，四月，車師後部司馬率後王加特奴等，掩擊北匈奴於閶吾陸谷，大破之； 獲單于母。
In summer, in the fourth month, the major of the Rear Department of Cheshi led the rear king Jiatenu and others in a surprise attack on the Northern Xiongnu at Qiangwu Lugu and routed them; they captured the Chanyu's mother.
4
五月，戊戌，詔以春夏連旱，赦天下。 上親自露坐德陽殿東廂請雨。 以尚書周舉才學優深，特加策問。 舉對曰：「臣聞陰陽閉隔，則二氣否塞。 陛下廢文帝、光武之法，而循亡秦奢移之欲，內積怨女，外有曠夫。 自枯旱以來，彌歷年歲，未聞陛下改過之效，徒勞至尊暴露風塵，誠無益也。 陛下但務其華，不尋其實，猶緣木希魚，卻行求前。 誠宜推信革政，崇道變惑，出後宮不御之女，除太官重膳之費。 《易‧傳》曰：『陽惑天不旋日。』 惟陛下留神裁察！」 帝復召舉面問得失，舉對以「宜慎官人，去貪污，遠佞邪。」 帝曰：「官貪污、佞邪者為誰乎？」 對曰：「臣從下州超備機密，不足以別群臣。 然公卿大臣數有直言者，忠貞也； 阿諛苟容者，佞邪也。」
In the fifth month, on wuxu day, an edict, because drought had continued through spring and summer, pardoned the realm. The emperor in person sat in the open in the east wing of Deyang Hall to pray for rain. Because Master of Writing Zhou Ju's talent and learning were outstanding, he was specially questioned by imperial rescript. Ju replied, "Your servant has heard that when yin and yang are shut off and separated, the two qi are blocked and obstructed. Your Majesty has abandoned the laws of Emperor Wen and Emperor Guangwu and instead follows the extravagant, shifting desires of the fallen Qin—within the palace resentful women accumulate; without, husbandless men abound. Since the drought began, years have passed, yet we have not heard that Your Majesty's reforms have had effect. In vain the Son of Heaven is exposed to wind and dust—it truly does no good. Your Majesty pursues only ornament and does not seek substance—like climbing a tree hoping for fish, or walking backward to go forward. You should extend trust and reform government, honor the Way and set aside delusion, release the women of the rear palace you do not visit, and cut the Grand Steward's lavish banquet expenses. The Commentary on the Changes says: 'When yang deludes Heaven, the sun does not complete its course in a day. May Your Majesty give this your careful attention!" The emperor again summoned Ju to question him in person about what was right and wrong. Ju replied that "one should be careful in appointing officials, remove the greedy and corrupt, and keep sycophants and villains at a distance." The emperor said, "Who are the greedy, corrupt, sycophantic officials?" He replied, "Your servant was promoted from a lower province to a confidential post and is not fit to distinguish among the ministers. Yet among the ducal ministers, those who often speak plainly are loyal and upright; those who fawn and flatter for easy acceptance are sycophants and villains."
5
太史令張衡亦上疏言：「前年京師地震土裂。 裂者，威分； 震者，民擾也。 竊懼聖思厭倦，制不專己，恩不忍割，與眾共威。 威不可分，德不可共。 願陛下思惟所以稽古率舊，勿使刑德八柄不由天子，然後神望允塞，災消不至矣。」 衡又以中興之後，儒者爭學《圖緯》，上疏言：「《春秋元命包》有公輸班與墨翟，事見戰國； 又言別有益州，益州之置在於漢世。 又劉向父子領校秘書，閱定九流，亦無《讖錄》。 則知《圖讖》成於哀、平之際，皆虛偽之徒以要世取資，欺罔較然，莫之糾禁。 且律歷、卦候、九宮、風角，數有征效，世莫肯學，而競稱不佔之書，譬猶畫工惡圖犬馬而好作鬼魅，誠以實事難形而虛偽不窮也！ 宜收藏《圖讖》，一禁絕之，則朱紫無所眩，典籍無瑕玷矣！」
Grand Astrologer Zhang Heng also submitted a memorial, saying, "The year before last the capital suffered an earthquake and the earth split. Splitting means authority divided; shaking means the people disturbed. I fear that the imperial mind grows weary, that control is not kept solely in your hands, that favor cannot bear to be withdrawn, and that authority is shared with others. Authority cannot be divided; virtue cannot be shared. May Your Majesty reflect on how to examine antiquity and follow established ways, and not let the eight handles of punishment and virtue escape the Son of Heaven's grasp—then Heaven's regard will be satisfied and disasters will cease to come." Heng also submitted a memorial, because after the restoration scholars vied to study Charts and Wefts, saying, "The Yuanmingbao of the Spring and Autumn Annals mentions Gongshu Ban and Mozi—events that belong to the Warring States period; it also speaks of a separate Yizhou, yet Yizhou was established in the Han dynasty. Again, Liu Xiang and his son, when they led the collation of the secret archives and fixed the nine schools, had no Records of Omens among them. From this one knows that Charts and Omens were forged in the reigns of Ai and Ping—all the work of frauds seeking worldly gain. Their deception is plain, yet none corrects or forbids them. Moreover calendrical astronomy, hexagram prognostication, the nine palaces, and wind angles have often proved effective, yet the age will not study them while all vie to praise books that make no prognostication. It is like a painter who hates drawing dogs and horses but loves painting ghosts and demons—truly because real things are hard to depict while falsehoods never end! Charts and Omens should be collected and utterly forbidden—then falsehood will have nothing to dazzle the eye, and the classics will be without stain!"
6
秋，七月，鐘羌良封等復寇隴西、漢陽。 詔拜前校尉馬賢為謁者，鎮撫諸種。 冬，十月，護羌校尉馬續遣兵擊良封，破之。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Zhong Qiang Liangfeng and others again raided Longxi and Hanyang. An edict appointed former Colonel Ma Xian Imperial Herald to pacify the various tribes. In winter, in the tenth month, Protector of the Qiang Colonel Ma Xu dispatched troops to strike Liangfeng and defeated him.
7
十一月，壬寅，司徒劉崎、司空孔扶免，用國舉之言也。 乙己，以大司農黃尚為司徒，光祿勳河東王卓為司空。
In the eleventh month, on renyin day, Minister of Education Liu Qi and Minister of Works Kong Fu were dismissed—because of Zhou Ju's memorial. On yisi day Grand Minister of Agriculture Huang Shang was made Minister of Education, and Director of the Imperial Clan Wang Zhuo of Hedong was made Minister of Works.
8
耿貴人數為耿氏請，帝乃紹封耿寶子箕為牟平侯。
The honored lady of the Geng clan repeatedly pleaded for the Geng family. The emperor thereupon restored the enfeoffment of Geng Bao's son Ji as Marquis of Mouping.
9
春，北匈奴呼衍王侵車師後部。 帝令敦煌太守發兵救之，不利。
In spring the Northern Xiongnu Huyan king invaded the Rear Department of Cheshi. The emperor ordered the Administrator of Dunhuang to dispatch troops to rescue them; the effort failed.
10
二月，丙子，初聽中官得以養子襲爵。 初，帝之復位，宦官之力也，由是有寵，參與政事。 御史張綱上書曰：「竊尋文、明二帝，德化尤盛，中官常侍，不過兩人，近幸賞賜，裁滿數金，惜費重民，故家給人足。 而頃者以來，無功小人，皆有官爵，非愛民重器、承天順道者也。」 書奏，不省。 綱，皓之子也。
In the second month, on bingzi day, for the first time palace attendants were permitted to adopt sons to inherit noble ranks. Earlier the emperor's restoration had been the eunuchs' doing; from this they won favor and participated in government affairs. Imperial Censor Zhang Gang submitted a memorial, saying, "I recall that under Emperors Wen and Ming virtue and transformation flourished: regular palace attendants numbered no more than two, and rewards to favorites barely amounted to a few ounces of gold. They cherished frugality and valued the people, and so households had enough and men were provided for. Yet in recent times worthless petty men all hold office and noble rank—this is not loving the people, honoring the vessel of state, or receiving Heaven and following the Way." The memorial was submitted; the emperor took no notice. Gang was the son of Hao.
11
旱。
Drought.
12
謁者馬賢擊鐘羌，大破之。
Imperial Herald Ma Xian struck the Zhong Qiang and routed them.
13
夏，四月，甲子，太尉施延免。 戊寅，以執金吾梁商為大將軍，故太尉寵參為太尉。 商稱疾不起且一年，帝使太常桓焉奉策就第即拜，商乃詣闕受命。 商少通經傳，謙恭好士，辟漢陽巨覽、上黨陳龜為掾屬，李固為從事中郎，楊倫為長史。 李固以商柔和自守，不能有所整裁，乃奏記於商曰：「數年以來，災怪屢見。 孔子曰：『智者見變思形，愚者睹怪諱名。』 天道無親，可為祗畏。 誠令王綱一整，道行忠立，明公踵伯成之高，全不朽之譽，豈與此外戚凡輩耽榮好位者同日而論哉！」 商不能用。
In summer, in the fourth month, on jiazi day Grand Commandant Shi Yan was dismissed. On wuyin day Bearer of the Gilded Mace Liang Shang was made Grand General; former Grand Commandant Pang Can was made Grand Commandant. Shang claimed illness and would not take office for nearly a year. The emperor sent Minister of Ceremonies Huan Yan with credentials to his residence to invest him on the spot; Shang then came to court and accepted the mandate. Shang had mastered the classics in youth, was modest and loved scholars. He recruited Ju Lan of Hanyang and Chen Gui of Shangdang as clerks, made Li Gu Attendant Gentleman, and Yang Lun Chief Clerk. Li Gu, seeing that Shang was gentle and self-protective and could not make bold reforms, submitted a note to Shang, saying, "In recent years disasters and prodigies have repeatedly appeared. Confucius said: 'The wise, seeing change, think how to reshape themselves; the foolish, seeing prodigies, hide their names. Heaven's Way shows no favoritism—one may stand in reverent awe of it. If the royal order were restored, the Way practiced and loyalty established, you would follow Bo Cheng's heights and preserve undying fame—how could you be spoken of in the same breath as these vulgar affinal kin who cling to glory and love office!" Shang did not act on it.
14
秋，閏八月，丁亥朔，日有食之。
In autumn, in the intercalary eighth month, on the new moon of dinghai day, there was a solar eclipse.
15
冬，十月，烏桓寇雲中，度遼將軍耿曄追擊，不利。 十一月，烏桓圍曄於蘭池城； 發兵數千人救之，烏桓乃退。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Wuhuan raided Yunzhong. General Who Crosses the Liao Geng Ye pursued them; the effort failed. In the eleventh month the Wuhuan besieged Ye at Lanchi city; several thousand troops were dispatched to rescue him, and the Wuhuan withdrew.
16
十二月，甲寅，京師地震。
In the twelfth month, on jiayin day, the capital suffered an earthquake.
17
春，正月，己巳，改元，赦天下。
In spring, in the first month, on jisi day the era name was changed and the realm was pardoned.
18
冬，十月，丁亥，承福殿火。
In winter, in the tenth month, on dinghai day Chenfu Hall caught fire.
19
十一月，丙子，太尉寵參罷。
In the eleventh month, on bingzi day Grand Commandant Pang Can was removed.
20
十二月，像林蠻夷反。
In the twelfth month the Xianglin barbarians rebelled.
21
乙巳，以前司空王龔為太尉。
On yisi day former Minister of Works Wang Gong was made Grand Commandant.
22
龔疾宦官專權，上書極言其狀。 諸黃門使客誣奏龔罪； 上命龔亟自實。 李固奏記於梁商曰：「王公以堅貞之操，橫為讒佞所構，眾人聞知，莫不歎栗。 夫三公尊重，無詣理訴冤之義，纖微感概，輒引分決，是以舊典不有大罪，不至重問。 王公卒有它變，則朝廷獲害賢之名，群臣無救護之節矣！ 語曰：『善人在患，饑不及餐。』 斯其時也！」 商即言之於帝，事乃得釋。
Gong hated eunuch monopoly of power and submitted a memorial describing it in full. The various yellow gates' agents and clients falsely memorialized Gong's crimes; the emperor ordered Gong urgently to confess the facts himself. Li Gu submitted a note to Liang Shang, saying, "Lord Wang, for his firm and upright conduct, has been set upon by slanderers and villains. All who hear of it sigh and tremble. The Three Excellencies are honored and grave; they do not go to law courts to plead injustice. At the slightest stirring of feeling they resign and sever themselves—therefore by old statute, unless the crime is grave, there is no heavy inquiry. If Lord Wang comes to harm, the court will gain the name of harming the worthy, and the ministers will lack the integrity of rescue! The saying goes: 'When a good man is in trouble, hunger does not wait for a meal. This is that time!" Shang immediately spoke of it to the emperor, and the matter was dropped.
23
是歲，以執金吾梁冀為河南尹。 冀性嗜酒，逸游自恣，居職多縱暴非法。 父商所親客雒陽令呂放以告商，商以讓冀。 冀遣人於道刺殺放，而恐商知之，乃推疑放之怨仇，請以放弟禹為雒陽令，使捕之； 盡滅其宗、親、賓客百餘人。
That year Bearer of the Gilded Mace Liang Ji was made Intendant of Henan. Ji loved wine, wandered in pleasure, and indulged himself. In office he was often unrestrained, violent, and unlawful. His father Shang's intimate guest, Magistrate of Luoyang Lü Fang, reported this to Shang. Shang reproached Ji. Ji sent men on the road to assassinate Fang. Fearing Shang would learn of it, he shifted suspicion onto Fang's enemies and requested that Fang's younger brother Yu be made Magistrate of Luoyang to hunt them down; and utterly exterminated his clan, kin, and guests—more than a hundred persons.
24
武陵太守上書，以蠻夷率服，可比漢人，增其租賦。 議者皆以為可。 尚書令虞詡曰：「自古聖王，不臣異俗。 先帝舊典，貢稅多少，所由來久矣； 今猥增之，必有怨叛。 計其所得，不償所費，必有後悔。」 帝不從。 澧中、漊中蠻果爭貢布非舊約，遂殺鄉吏，舉種反。
The Administrator of Wuling submitted a memorial that, because the barbarians had submitted and could be treated like Han subjects, their land tax and levies should be increased. Those in council all approved. Director of the Masters of Writing Yu Xu said, "From antiquity sage kings have not made alien peoples into subjects. The former emperor's old statutes fixed how much tribute and tax was due—they have stood long; to rashly increase them now will surely breed resentment and rebellion. Count the gain against the cost and it will not repay the expense—there will surely be regret." The emperor did not heed him. The Lizhong and Laozhong barbarians indeed disputed tribute cloth as exceeding the old agreement, killed village officials, and rose in rebellion tribe by tribe.
25
春，武陵蠻二萬人圍充城，八千人寇夷道。
In spring twenty thousand Wuling barbarians besieged Chong city; eight thousand raided Yidao.
26
二月，廣漢屬國都尉擊破白馬羌。
In the second month the Commandery-Attached State Colonel of Guanghan defeated the White Horse Qiang.
27
帝遣武陵太守李進擊叛蠻，破平之。 進乃簡選良吏，撫循蠻夷，郡境遂安。
The emperor dispatched Administrator of Wuling Li Jin to strike the rebellious barbarians and defeated and pacified them. Jin then carefully selected good officials to comfort and lead the barbarians, and the commandery was pacified.
28
三月，乙卯，司空王卓薨。 丁丑，以光祿勳郭虔為司空。
In the third month, on yimao day Minister of Works Wang Zhuo died. On dingchou day Director of the Imperial Clan Guo Qian was made Minister of Works.
29
夏，四月，丙申，京師地震。
In summer, in the fourth month, on bingshen day the capital suffered an earthquake.
30
五月，癸丑，山陽君宋娥坐構奸誣罔，收印綬，歸裡捨。 黃龍、楊佗、孟叔、李建、張賢、史泛、王道、李元、李剛等九侯坐與宋娥更相賂遺，求高官增邑，並遣就國，減租四分之一。
In the fifth month, on guichou day the Lord of Shanyang Song E, charged with framing wickedness and false deception, had her seal and cord taken and was sent back to her village home. The nine marquises Huang Long, Yang Tuo, Meng Shu, Li Jian, Zhang Xian, Shi Fan, Wang Dao, Li Yuan, and Li Gang, charged with repeatedly bribing Song E to seek high office and enlarged fiefs, were all sent to their states and had their rents reduced by one quarter.
31
像林蠻區憐等攻縣寺，殺長吏。 交趾刺史樊演發交趾、九真兵萬餘人救之； 兵士憚遠役，秋，七月，二郡兵反，攻其府。 府雖擊破反者，而蠻勢轉盛。
The Xianglin barbarian Qu Lian and others attacked the county offices and killed the chief official. Inspector of Jiaozhi Fan Yan dispatched more than ten thousand troops from Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen to rescue them; the soldiers feared distant service. In autumn, in the seventh month, the troops of the two commanderies rebelled and attacked his headquarters. Though the prefecture had defeated the rebels, the barbarian forces grew stronger still.
32
冬，十月，甲申，上行幸長安。 扶風田弱薦同郡法真博通內外學，隱居不仕，宜就加袞職。 帝虛心欲致之，前後四征，終不屈。 友人郭正稱之曰：「法真名可得聞，身難得而見。 逃名而名我隨，避名而名我追，可謂百世之師者矣！」 真，雄之子也。
In winter, in the tenth month, on jiashen day the emperor went on a progress to Chang'an. Tian Ruo of Fufeng recommended Fa Zhen of the same commandery, thoroughly versed in inner and outer learning, who lived in seclusion and would not take office, saying he ought to be approached and granted an honored post. The emperor sincerely wished to summon him and summoned him four times, but he never yielded. His friend Guo Zheng praised him, saying, "Fa Zhen's name may be heard, but his person is hard to meet. He flees renown yet renown follows him; he shuns fame yet fame pursues him—he may be called a teacher for a hundred generations!" Zhen was the son of Fa Xiong.
33
丁卯，京師地震。
On dingmao day the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
34
太尉王龔以中常侍張昉等專弄國權，欲奏誅之。 宗親有以楊震行事諫之者，龔乃止。
Grand Commandant Wang Gong, seeing that Palace Attendants Zhang Fang and others monopolized state power, wished to memorialize for their execution. A member of the imperial clan admonished him by citing Yang Zhen's example, and Gong desisted.
35
十二月，乙亥，上還自長安。
In the twelfth month, on yihai day, the emperor returned from Chang'an.
36
春，二月，乙亥，京師及金城、隴西地震，二郡山崩。
In spring, in the second month, on yihai day, the capital and Jincheng and Longxi were shaken by earthquakes, and mountains collapsed in both commanderies.
37
夏，閏四月，己酉，京師地震。
In summer, in the intercalary fourth month, on jiyou day, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
38
五月，吳郡丞羊珍反，攻郡府； 太守王衡破斬之。
In the fifth month, Assistant Administrator of Wu commandery Yang Zhen rebelled and attacked the commandery headquarters; Administrator Wang Heng defeated and beheaded him.
39
侍御史賈昌與州郡並力討區憐等，不克，為所攻圍； 歲餘，兵谷不繼。 帝召公卿百官及四府掾屬問以方略； 皆議遣大將，發荊、揚、兗、豫四萬人赴之。 李固駁曰：「若荊、揚無事，發之可也。 今二州盜賊磐結不散，武陵、南郡蠻夷未輯，長沙、桂陽數被征發，如復擾動，必更生患，其不可一也。 又，兗、豫之人卒被征發，遠赴萬里，無有還期，詔書迫促，必致叛亡，其不可二也。 南州水土溫暑，加有瘴氣，致死亡者十必四五，其不可三也。 遠涉萬里，士卒疲勞，比至嶺南，不復堪鬥，其不可四也。 軍行三十里為程，而去日南九千餘里，三百日乃到，計人稟五升，用米六十萬斛，不計將吏驢馬之食，但負甲自致，費便若此，其不可五也。 設軍所在，死亡必眾，既不足禦敵，當復更發，此為刻割心腹以補四支，其不可六也。 九真、日南相去千里，發其吏民猶尚不堪，何況乃苦四州之卒以赴萬里之艱哉！ 其不可七也。 前中郎將尹就討益州叛羌，益州諺曰：『虜來尚可，尹來殺我。』 後就征還，以兵付刺史張喬； 喬因其將吏，旬月之間破殄寇虜。 此發將無益之效，州郡可任之驗也。 宜更選有勇略仁惠任將帥者，以為刺史、太守，悉使共住交趾。 今日南兵單無谷，守既不足，戰又不能，可一切徙其吏民，北依交趾，事靜之後，乃命歸本； 還募蠻夷使自相攻，轉輸金帛以為其資； 有能反間致頭首者，許以封侯裂土之賞。 故并州刺史長沙祝良，性多勇決，又南陽張喬，前在益州有破虜之功，皆可任用。 昔太宗就加魏尚為雲中守，哀帝即拜龔捨為泰山守； 宜即拜良等，便道之官。」 四府悉從固議，即拜祝良為九真太守，張喬為交趾刺史。 喬至，開示慰誘，並皆降散。 良到九真，單車入賊中，設方略，招以威信，降者數萬人，皆為良築起府寺。 由是嶺外復平。
Attendant Censor Jia Chang, together with the provinces and commanderies, campaigned against Ou Ling and the rest but could not overcome them and was besieged; After more than a year, troops and grain could not be sustained. The emperor summoned the Three Excellencies, the hundred officials, and the clerks of the Four Bureaus to ask their counsel; all proposed sending a great general and raising forty thousand men from Jing, Yang, Yan, and Yu to go to their aid. Li Gu objected, saying, "If Jing and Yang were untroubled, sending them would be acceptable. But now in those two provinces bandits are entrenched and will not disperse; the barbarians of Wuling and Nan commandery are not yet pacified; and Changsha and Guiyang have repeatedly been levied for campaigns—if they are disturbed again, new troubles will surely arise. That is the first reason it will not do. Moreover, the people of Yan and Yu would be suddenly levied and sent ten thousand li with no prospect of return; the edict would press them urgently and surely drive them to desert. That is the second reason. The southern provinces are warm and humid, and miasma is added on top—four or five in ten will die. That is the third reason. After marching ten thousand li the troops will be exhausted, and by the time they reach Lingnan they will no longer be fit to fight. That is the fourth reason. An army counts thirty li as one day's march, yet Rinan is more than nine thousand li away—three hundred days to arrive. At five sheng of grain per man, that would be six hundred thousand hu of rice, not counting food for officers, donkeys, and horses; merely to march there in armor would cost so much. That is the fifth reason. Where the army is stationed deaths will be many; unable to repel the enemy, you would have to levy again—this would be carving out the heartland to patch the limbs. That is the sixth reason. Jiuzhen and Rinan are a thousand li apart; even levying their officials and people they could scarcely bear it—how much less to afflict the troops of four provinces with hardship ten thousand li away! That is the seventh reason. Formerly Colonel Yin Jiu campaigned against the rebellious Qiang of Yizhou, and a Yizhou proverb said, 'When the barbarians come it is still tolerable; when Yin comes he kills us.' Later Yin was recalled and handed the troops to Inspector Zhang Qiao; Qiao, relying on his generals and officials, within a month or so utterly destroyed the bandits. This shows that sending generals yields no benefit, while provinces and commanderies can be trusted. You ought instead to select men of courage, strategy, benevolence, and grace fit to command armies and appoint them inspectors and administrators, all stationed together at Jiaozhi. Rinan now has few troops and no grain—unable to hold and unable to fight. Move all its officials and people north to Jiaozhi; after affairs are quieted, then order them home; recruit the barbarians to attack one another and transport gold and silks to supply them; whoever by counter-espionage can deliver the rebel chiefs, promise enfeoffment and grants of territory. Former Inspector of Bingzhou Zhu Liang of Changsha is by nature courageous and decisive, and Zhang Qiao of Nanyang, who before in Yizhou destroyed the barbarians, may both be employed. In the past Emperor Taizong on the spot appointed Wei Shang Administrator of Yunzhong, and Emperor Ai at once appointed Gong She Administrator of Taishan; appoint Liang and the rest at once and send them directly to their posts." The Four Bureaus all followed Gu's proposal and at once appointed Zhu Liang Administrator of Jiuzhen and Zhang Qiao Inspector of Jiaozhi. When Qiao arrived, he explained, comforted, and enticed them, and all submitted and dispersed. When Liang reached Jiuzhen, he entered the bandit camp alone in a single carriage, laid out his strategy, and won them with authority and trust; tens of thousands submitted and all built headquarters for him. Thereby the region beyond the ranges was pacified again.
40
秋，八月，己未，司徒黃尚免。 九月，己酉，以光祿勳長沙劉壽為司徒。 丙戌，令大將軍、三公舉剛毅、武猛、謀謨任將帥者各二人，特進、卿、校尉各一人。 初，尚書令左雄薦冀州刺史周舉為尚書。 既而雄為司隸校尉，舉故冀州刺史馮直任將帥。 直嘗坐臧受罪，舉以此劾奏雄。 雄曰：「詔書使我選武猛，不使我選清高。」 舉曰：「詔書使君選武猛，不使君選貪污也。」 雄曰：「進君，適所以自伐也。」 舉曰：「昔趙宣子任韓厥為司馬，厥以軍法戮宣子僕，宣子謂諸大夫曰：『可賀我矣！ 吾選厥也任其事。』 今君不以舉之不才誤升諸朝，不敢阿君以為君羞； 不寤君之意與宣子殊也。」 雄悅，謝曰：「吾嘗事馮直之父，又與直善； 今宣光以此奏吾，是吾之過也！」 天下益以此賢之。 是時，宦官競賣恩勢，唯大長秋良賀清儉退厚。 及詔舉武猛，賀獨無所薦。 帝問其故，對曰：「臣生自草茅，長於宮掖，既無知人之明，又未嘗交加士類。 昔衛鞅因景監以見，有識知其不終。 今得臣舉者，匪榮伊辱，是以不敢！」 帝由是賞之。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on jiwei day Minister over the Masses Huang Shang was dismissed. In the ninth month, on jiyou day Household Minister Liu Shou of Changsha was made Minister over the Masses. On bingxu day the emperor ordered the Grand General and the Three Excellencies each to recommend two men of firm resolve, martial fierceness, and strategic counsel fit to command armies, and each Special Advancement, minister, and colonel one man. Earlier Master of Writing Zuo Xiong had recommended Inspector of Jizhou Zhou Ju as Master of Writing. Later Xiong became Colonel of the Metropolitan Area, and Ju recommended former Inspector of Jizhou Feng Zhi as fit to command armies. Zhi had once been punished for corruption, and Ju on that ground impeached Xiong. Xiong said, "The edict ordered me to select the martial and fierce, not the pure and lofty." Ju said, "The edict ordered you to select the martial and fierce—it did not order you to select the corrupt." Xiong said, "Promoting you, sir, is precisely how I cut myself down." Ju said, "In the past Zhao Xuanzi appointed Han Jue marshal; Jue by military law executed Xuanzi's servant. Xuanzi told the great ministers, 'You may congratulate me! I selected Jue, and he carried out his charge." You, sir, did not because of my lack of talent mistakenly elevate me to court, and I dare not fawn on you and bring you shame; but I did not realize that your intention, sir, differs from Xuanzi's." Xiong was pleased and apologized, saying, "I once served Feng Zhi's father and was also friendly with Zhi; now Xuan Guang has memorialized against me on this—it is my fault!" All under Heaven esteemed them the more for this. At this time the eunuchs vied to sell favor and power; only Grand Chamberlain for the Palace Liang He was pure, frugal, retiring, and generous. When the edict ordered recommendations of martial fierceness, He alone recommended no one. The emperor asked why; he replied, "Your servant was born in humble circumstances and grew up in the palace quarters; I have neither the judgment to know men nor have I ever mingled with scholars. In the past Wei Yang gained audience through Jing Jian, and those with insight knew he would not end well. Whoever would be recommended through me would gain not honor but shame; therefore I dare not!" The emperor commended him for this.
41
冬，十月，燒當羌那離等三千餘騎寇金城，校尉馬賢擊破之。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Shaodang Qiang Nali and others, more than three thousand horsemen, raided Jincheng; Colonel Ma Xian defeated them.
42
十二月，戊戌朔，日有食之。
In the twelfth month, on the new moon of wuxu day, there was a solar eclipse.
43
大將軍商以小黃門南陽曹節等用事於中，遣子冀、不疑與為交友； 而宦言忌其寵，反欲陷之。 中常侍張逵、蘧政、楊定等與左右連謀，共譖商及中常侍曹騰、孟賁，云：「欲征諸王子，圖議廢立，請收商等案罪。」 帝曰：「大將軍父子，我所親，騰、賁，我所愛，必無是，但汝曹共妒之耳。」 逵等知言不用，懼迫，遂出，矯詔收縛騰、賁於省中。 帝聞，震怒，敕宦者李歙急呼騰、賁釋之； 收逵等下獄。
Grand General Shang, because Junior Palace Attendants Cao Jie of Nanyang and others held power within, sent his sons Ji and Buyi to befriend them; but the eunuchs resented their favor and instead wished to entrap them. Palace Attendants Zhang Kui, Lu Zheng, Yang Ding, and others conspired with the emperor's close attendants and jointly slandered Shang and Palace Attendants Cao Teng and Meng Ben, saying, "They wish to summon the various princes and plot deposal and installation—please arrest Shang and the rest and investigate their crimes." The emperor said, "The Grand General and his sons are those I am close to; Teng and Ben are those I love—surely there is nothing of this; you are only jealous of them together." Kui and the rest, seeing their words were not heeded and fearing pressure, went out and by forged edict arrested and bound Teng and Ben within the Secretariat. The emperor heard of it, was furious, and ordered the eunuch Li Xin urgently to summon Teng and Ben and release them; Kui and the rest were arrested and imprisoned.
44
春，正月，庚辰，逵等伏誅。 事連弘農太守張鳳、安平相楊皓，皆坐死。 辭所連染，延及在位大臣。 商懼多侵枉，乃上疏曰：「《春秋》之義，功在元帥，罪止首惡。 大獄一起，無辜者眾，死囚久系，纖微成大，非所以順迎和氣，平政成化也。 宜早訖章，以止逮捕之煩。」 帝納之，罪止坐者。 二月，帝以商少子虎賁中郎將不疑為步兵校尉。 商上書辭曰：「不疑童孺，猥處成人之位。 昔晏平仲辭鄁殿以守其富，公儀休不受魚飧以定其位。 臣雖不才，亦願固福祿於聖世！」 上乃以不疑為侍中、奉車都尉。
In spring, in the first month, on gengchen day Kui and the rest were executed. The affair implicated Administrator of Hongnong Zhang Feng and Chancellor of Anping Yang Hao; all were executed. Confessions implicated others and extended to great ministers in office. Shang feared many would be wronged and submitted a memorial, saying, "The meaning of the Spring and Autumn Annals is that merit rests with the commander and guilt stops at the chief villain. When a great prison case arises the innocent are many; condemned prisoners long detained turn trifles into grave matters—this is not how to welcome harmonious qi, level government, and accomplish transformation. You ought to conclude the case early and stop the trouble of arrests." The emperor accepted it; guilt stopped at those directly involved. In the second month the emperor made Shang's youngest son, Colonel of the Rapid Tigers Buyi, Colonel of the Footsoldiers. Shang submitted a memorial declining, saying, "Buyi is a child and has presumptuously been placed in a grown man's post. In the past Yan Ying declined the Ye palace to preserve his wealth, and Gongyi Xiu would not accept fish meals to secure his position. Your servant, though without talent, also wishes to secure fortune and salary in this sage age!" The emperor thereupon made Buyi Palace Attendant and Commandant of the Imperial Carriages.
45
三月，乙亥，京師地震。
In the third month, on yihai day, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
46
燒當羌那離等復反； 夏，四月，癸卯，護羌校尉馬賢討斬之，獲首虜千二百餘級。
The Shaodang Qiang Nali and others rebelled again; in summer, in the fourth month, on guimao day Protector of the Qiang Colonel Ma Xian campaigned and beheaded them, taking more than twelve hundred heads and captives.
47
戊午，赦天下。
On wuwu day all under Heaven was amnestied.
48
五月，戊胡，封故濟北惠王壽子安為濟北王。
In the fifth month, on wuhu day the former Prince Hui of Jibei's son An was enfeoffed as King of Jibei.
49
秋，八月，太原旱。
In autumn, in the eighth month, Taiyuan suffered drought.
50
春，二月，戊申，京師地震。
In spring, in the second month, on wushen day, the capital was shaken by an earthquake.
51
南匈奴句龍王吾斯、車紐等反，寇西河； 招誘右賢王合兵圍美稷，殺朔方、代郡長吏。 夏，五月，度遼將軍馬續與中郎將梁並等發邊兵及羌、胡合二萬餘人掩擊，破之。 吾斯等復更屯聚，攻沒城邑。 天子遣使責讓單于； 單于本不預謀，乃脫帽避帳，詣並謝罪。 並以病徵，五原太守陳龜代為中郎將。 龜以單于不能制下，逼迫單于及其弟左賢王皆令自殺。 龜又欲徙單于近親於內郡，而降者遂更狐疑。 龜坐下獄，免。
The Southern Xiongnu Gulong kings Wusi, Che Niu, and others rebelled and raided Xihe; they induced the Right Worthy King to combine forces and besiege Meiji, killing the chief officials of Shuofang and Dai commanderies. In summer, in the fifth month, General Who Crosses the Liao Ma Xu, together with Colonel Liang Bing and others, raised more than twenty thousand border troops and Qiang and Hu for a surprise attack and defeated them. Wusi and the rest gathered again, attacking and overrunning cities and towns. The emperor sent envoys to reproach the chanyu; the chanyu had not been party to the plot; he removed his cap, left the tent, went to Bing, and apologized. Bing was recalled on grounds of illness, and Administrator of Wuyuan Chen Gui replaced him as colonel. Chen Gui, because the Chanyu could not control his subordinates, forced the Chanyu and his younger brother the Left Worthy King all to commit suicide. Chen Gui also wished to move the Chanyu's close kin into the interior commanderies, and those who had surrendered thus became doubly hesitant. Chen Gui was convicted and imprisoned, then dismissed.
52
大將軍商上表曰：「匈奴寇畔，自知罪極。 窮鳥困獸，皆知救死，況種類繁熾，不可單盡。 今轉運日增，三軍疲苦，虛內給外，非中國之利。 度遼將軍馬續，素有謀謨，且典邊日久，深曉兵要； 每得續書，與臣策合。 宜令續深溝高壁，以恩信招降，宣示購賞，明為期約。 如此，則丑類可服，國家無事矣。」 帝從之，乃詔續招降畔虜。 商又移書續等曰：「中國安寧，忘戰日久。 良騎野合，交鋒接矢，決勝當時，戎狄之所長而中國之所短也； 強弩乘城，堅營固守，以待其衰，中國之所長而戎狄之所短也。 宜務先所長以觀其變，設購開賞，宣示反悔，勿貪小功以亂大謀。」 於是右賢王部抑鞮等萬三千口皆詣續降。
Grand General-in-Chief Liang Shang submitted a memorial, saying, "The Xiongnu have raided and rebelled and know their guilt is extreme. Birds at bay and beasts cornered all know to fight for their lives—how much more when their kind is numerous and flourishing and cannot be wiped out alone. Now transport costs increase daily, the three armies are weary and distressed, draining the interior to supply the exterior—this is not to China's advantage. Crossing-the-Desert General Ma Xu has long had stratagems and plans, and having held the frontier for many years deeply understands military essentials; Whenever I receive Ma Xu's letters they accord with my plans. He should be ordered to dig deep ditches and raise high walls, summon surrender with grace and trust, proclaim rewards for capture, and set clear deadlines. Thus the hostile tribes can be subdued and the state will have no troubles." The emperor followed this and thereupon ordered Ma Xu to recruit surrender among rebel barbarians. Liang Shang again sent a letter to Ma Xu and others, saying, "China has been at peace and has forgotten warfare for a long time. Good cavalry meeting in the open field, crossing blades and exchanging arrows, deciding victory on the spot—this is what the Rong and Di excel at and China lacks; Powerful crossbows manning the walls, firm camps holding fast, waiting for their decline—this is what China excels at and the Rong and Di lack. One should stress first what one excels at and watch their changes, set rewards and open bounties, proclaim repentance, and not covet petty achievements to disrupt the great plan." Thereupon more than thirteen thousand people including Yidi of the Right Worthy King's division all came to Ma Xu and surrendered.
53
己丑晦，日有食之。
On the last day of the month, jichou day, there was a solar eclipse.
54
初，那離等既平，朝廷以來機為并州刺史，劉秉為涼州刺史。 機等天性虐刻，多所擾發； 且凍、傅難種羌遂反，攻金城，與雜種羌、胡大寇三輔，殺害長吏。 機、秉並坐征。 於是拜馬賢為征西將軍，以騎都尉耿叔為副，將左右羽林五校士及諸州郡兵十萬人屯漢陽。
Earlier, after Nali and others had been pacified, the court appointed Lai Ji as Inspector of Bing province and Liu Bing as Inspector of Liang province. Lai Ji and the others were by nature cruel and harsh and frequently provoked disturbances; the Qiandong and Funan Qiang then rebelled, attacked Jincheng, and with miscellaneous Qiang and Hu greatly raided the Three Assistants, killing senior officials. Lai Ji and Liu Bing were both summoned to the capital for punishment. Thereupon Ma Xian was appointed General Who Pacifies the West, with Cavalry Commandant Geng Shu as deputy, leading troops of the Left and Right Forest Guards, the Five Colonelcies, and commandery armies—one hundred thousand men—stationed at Hanyang.
55
九月，令扶風、漢陽築隴道塢三百所，置屯兵。
In the ninth month, Fufeng and Hanyang were ordered to build three hundred forts along the Long road and place garrison troops.
56
辛未，太尉王龔以老病罷。
On xinwei day, Grand Commandant Wang Gong was dismissed for old age and illness.
57
且凍羌寇武都，燒隴關。
The Qiandong Qiang raided Wudou and burned Long Pass.
58
壬午，以太常桓焉為太尉。
On renwu day, Grand Master of Ceremonies Huan Yan was made Grand Commandant.
59
匈奴句龍王吾斯等立車紐為單于，東引烏桓，西收羌、胡等數萬人攻破京兆虎牙營，殺上郡都尉及軍司馬，遂寇掠並、涼、幽、冀四州。 乃徙西河治離石，上郡治夏陽，朔方治五原。 十二月，遣使匈奴中郎將張耽將幽州、烏桓諸郡營兵擊車紐等，戰於馬邑，斬首三千級，獲生口甚眾。 車紐乞降，而吾斯猶率其部曲與烏桓寇鈔。
The Xiongnu Juguwang Wusi and others installed Che Niu as Chanyu, drew in the Wuhuan from the east and gathered Qiang, Hu, and others to the west—tens of thousands—broke through the Jingzhao Tiger-Tooth camp, killed the Commandant of Shang commandery and the army Major, and then raided and plundered the four provinces of Bing, Liang, You, and Ji. The seat of Xihe was moved to Lishi, Shang commandery to Xiayang, and Shuofang to Wuyuan. In the twelfth month, the envoy and Xiongnu Colonel Zhang Dan was sent to lead the camp troops of You province, the Wuhuan, and various commanderies against Che Niu and others. They fought at Mayi, took three thousand heads, and captured a great many living captives. Che Niu begged to surrender, but Wusi still led his followers with the Wuhuan to raid.
60
初，上命馬賢討西羌，大將軍商以為賢老，不如太中大夫宋漢； 帝不從。 漢，由之子也。 賢到軍，稽留不進。 武都太守馬融上疏曰：「今雜種諸羌轉相鈔盜，宜及其未並，亟遣深入，破其支黨； 而馬賢等處處留滯。 羌、胡百里望塵，千里聽聲，今逃匿避回，漏出其後，則必侵寇三輔，為民大害。 臣願請賢所不可，用關東兵五千，裁假部隊之號，盡力率厲，埋根、行首以先吏士； 三旬之中，必克破之。 臣又聞吳起為將，暑不張蓋，寒不披裘； 今賢野次垂幕，珍餚雜遝，兒子侍妾，事與古反。 臣懼賢等專守一城，言攻於西而羌出於東，且其將士將不堪命，必有高克潰叛之變也。」 安定人皇甫規亦見賢不恤軍事，審其必敗，上書言狀。 朝廷皆不從。
Earlier, the emperor ordered Ma Xian to campaign against the Western Qiang. Grand General-in-Chief Liang Shang thought Xian was old and that Grandee Counselor Song Han would be better; The emperor did not follow this. Song Han was the son of Song You. Ma Xian reached the army but lingered and did not advance. Administrator of Wudou Ma Rong submitted a memorial, saying, "Now the various Qiang tribes are repeatedly robbing one another. While they have not yet united, troops should be sent quickly deep into their territory to break their branches and factions; yet Ma Xian and others are stalled everywhere. The Qiang and Hu see dust at a hundred li and hear at a thousand li. If they now hide and avoid us and slip out behind our backs, they will surely invade the Three Assistants—a great harm to the people. Your servant wishes to request what Ma Xian cannot do: use five thousand troops from east of the Pass, with only a borrowed troop designation, exert all strength to lead and encourage them, take the vanguard and go ahead of the officials and soldiers; within thirty days they will surely be defeated and broken. Your servant also heard that when Wu Qi was general he did not raise an awning in summer or wear fur in winter; now Ma Xian in the field pitches curtains, rare delicacies are piled in confusion, sons and concubines attend him—conduct opposite to antiquity. Your servant fears Ma Xian and others will only hold one city, speaking of attack in the west while Qiang emerge in the east, and that his officers and soldiers will not bear their orders—there will surely be mutiny and collapse like at Gaokeng." Huangfu Gui of Anding also saw that Ma Xian did not care for military affairs, was sure he would fail, and submitted a memorial stating the facts. The court would not follow any of this.
61
春，正月，丙子，征西將軍馬賢與且凍羌戰於射姑山，賢軍敗； 賢及二子皆沒，東、西羌遂大合。 閏月，鞏唐羌寇隴西，遂及三輔，燒園陵，殺掠吏民。
In spring, in the first month, on bingzi day, General Who Pacifies the West Ma Xian fought the Qiandong Qiang at Mount Shegu, and Xian's army was defeated; Ma Xian and his two sons all perished, and the Eastern and Western Qiang then joined in great union. In the intercalary month, the Gongtang Qiang raided Longxi, reached the Three Assistants, burned the park tombs, and killed and plundered officials and people.
62
二月，丁巳，有星孛於營室。
In the second month, on dingsi day, a comet appeared in the Lodgings.
63
三月，上巳，大將軍商大會賓客，宴於雒水； 酒闌，繼以《韭露之歌》。 從事中郎周舉聞之，歎曰：「此所謂哀樂失時，非其所也，殃將及乎！」
In the third month, on Shangsi, Grand General-in-Chief Liang Shang greatly gathered guests and feasted at the Luo River; when the wine was ending they followed with the "Song of Leek Dew." Attendant Gentleman Zhou Ju heard this and sighed, saying, "This is what is called joy and mourning out of season, not in their proper place—calamity will reach us!"
64
武都太守趙沖追擊鞏唐羌，斬首四百餘級，降二千餘人。 詔沖督河西四郡兵為節度。
Administrator of Wudou Zhao Chong pursued the Gongtang Qiang, took more than four hundred heads, and received more than two thousand surrenders. An edict made Zhao Chong supervise the armies of the four Hexi commanderies as coordinator.
65
安定上計掾皇甫規上疏曰：「臣比年以來，數陳便宜：羌戎未動，策其將反； 馬賢始出，知其必敗。 誤中之言，在可考校。 臣每惟賢等擁眾四年，未有成功，縣師之費，且百億計，出於平民，回入奸吏。 故江湖之人，群為盜賊，青、徐荒饑，襁負流散。 夫羌戎潰叛，不由承平，皆因邊將失於綏御，乘常守安則加侵暴，苟競小利則致大害，微勝則虛張首級，軍敗則隱匿不言。 軍士勞怨，困於猾吏，進不得快戰以徼功，退不得溫飽以全命，餓死溝渠，暴骨中原； 徒見王師之出，不聞振旅之聲。 酋豪泣血，驚懼生變，是以安不能久，叛則經年，臣所以搏手扣心而增歎者也！ 願假臣兩營、二郡屯列坐食之兵五千，出其不意，與趙沖共相首尾。 土地山谷，臣所曉習； 兵勢巧便，臣已更之； 可不煩方寸之印，尺帛之賜，高可以滌患，下可以納降。 若謂臣年少、官輕，不足用者，凡諸敗將，非官爵之不高，年齒之不邁。 臣不勝至誠，沒死自陳！」 帝不能用。
Anding's reporting clerk Huangfu Gui submitted a memorial, saying, "Your servant in recent years has repeatedly set forth timely proposals. Before the Qiang and Rong moved, I predicted they would rebel; when Ma Xian first went out, I knew he would certainly fail. Words that hit by mistake are subject to verification. Your servant often reflects that Ma Xian and others have held armies for four years without success. Expenses for troops in the field exceed ten billion, taken from common people and circling back into corrupt officials. Therefore people of the rivers and lakes band together as bandits. Qing and Xu suffer famine and hunger, carrying infants in swaddling clothes and scattering in flight. The Qiang and Rong's collapse and rebellion do not come from long peace—all stem from frontier generals failing in pacification and control. When taking advantage of routine security they add invasion and violence; when competing for petty gain they bring great harm. Slight victory they inflate with false head counts; defeat they hide and do not report. Soldiers labor and resent, trapped by cunning clerks—advancing they cannot fight swiftly to win merit, retreating they cannot get warmth and food to preserve life. They starve dead in ditches and drains, bones exposed in the central plains; one only sees the royal army go forth, never hears the sound of troops returning triumphant. Chieftains weep blood, startled fear breeds change—thus peace cannot last long and rebellion lasts years. This is why your servant claps his hands and strikes his heart with added sighs! Your servant wishes to be lent five thousand men from two camps and two commanderies who sit and eat at their stations, strike with surprise, and coordinate head and tail with Zhao Chong. The land's mountains and valleys your servant knows well; military formations' cunning and convenience your servant has already revised; without troubling an inch-square seal or a foot of silk reward—above it can wash away calamity, below it can receive surrender. If you say your servant is young and his office light and not sufficient to use—for all the defeated generals, it was not that rank was not high or years not advanced. Your servant cannot overcome utmost sincerity and offers this even unto death!" The emperor could not employ him.
66
庚子，司空郭虔免。 丙午，以太僕趙戒為司空。
On gengzi day, Minister of Works Guo Qian was dismissed. On bingwu day, Grand Master of Transport Zhao Jie was made Minister of Works.
67
夏，使匈奴中郎將張耽、度遼將軍馬續率鮮卑到谷城，擊烏桓於通天山，大破之。
In summer, the Xiongnu Colonel Zhang Dan and Crossing-the-Desert General Ma Xu led the Xianbei to Gucheng and attacked the Wuhuan at Mount Tongtian, routing them greatly.
68
鞏唐羌寇北地。 北地太守賈福與趙衝擊之，不利。
The Gongtang Qiang raided Beidi. Beidi Administrator Jia Fu with Zhao Chong attacked them but with unfavorable result.
69
秋，八月，乘氏忠侯梁商病篤，敕子冀等曰：「吾生無以輔益朝廷，死何可耗費帑藏！ 衣衾、飯含、玉匣、珠貝之屬，何益朽骨！ 百僚勞擾，紛華道路，只增塵垢耳。 宜皆辭之。」 丙辰，薨； 帝親臨喪。 諸子欲從其誨，朝廷不聽，賜以東園秘器、銀鏤、黃腸、玉匣。 及葬，賜輕車、介士，中宮親送。 帝至宣陽亭，瞻望車騎。 壬戌，以河南尹、乘氏侯梁冀為大將軍，冀弟侍中不疑為河南伊。
In autumn, in the eighth month, Loyal Marquis of Chengshi Liang Shang was gravely ill and instructed his sons Ji and the others, saying, "In life I had nothing by which to aid and benefit the court—in death how can I waste the treasury! Garments, grave offerings, jade cases, pearls and shells—what good to rotted bones! A hundred officials labor and disturb, splendor fills the roads—this only adds dust and filth. You should all decline these." On bingchen day, he died; The emperor personally attended the mourning. The sons wished to follow his teaching but the court would not hear it and bestowed the Eastern Garden secret coffin ware, silver inlay, yellow cypress, and jade case. At the burial they were granted light carriages and armed guards. The inner palace personally escorted. The emperor went to Xuanyang Pavilion and gazed upon the carriage and escort. On renxu day, Henan Intendant and Marquis of Chengshi Liang Ji was made Grand General-in-Chief, and Ji's younger brother Palace Attendant Buyi was made Intendant of Henan.
70
臣光曰：成帝不能選任賢俊，委政舅家，可謂暗矣； 猶知王立之不材，棄而不用。 順帝援大柄，授之後族，梁冀頑嚚凶暴，著於平昔，而使之繼父之位，終於悖逆，蕩覆漢室； 校於成帝，暗又甚焉！
Sima Guang remarks: Emperor Cheng could not select and appoint worthy and talented men and entrusted government to the maternal kin—it may be called dim; yet he still knew Wang Li's lack of ability and discarded him without using him. Emperor Shun took up the great handle and gave it to the empress's clan. Liang Ji was obstinate, foolish, fierce, and violent, evident from the past, yet was made to succeed his father's position, ending in perversity and overturning the Han house; Compared with Emperor Cheng, he was even dimmer!
71
初，梁商病篤，帝親臨幸，問以遺言。 對曰：「臣從事中郎周舉，清高忠正，可重任也。」 由是拜舉諫議大夫。
Earlier, when Liang Shang was gravely ill, the emperor personally visited and asked his last words. He replied, "Your servant's Attendant Gentleman Zhou Ju is pure, lofty, loyal, and upright—he may be heavily entrusted." Thereupon Zhou Ju was appointed Grandee Remonstrator.
72
九月，諸羌寇武威。
In the ninth month, the various Qiang raided Wuwei.
73
辛亥晦，日有食之。
On the last day of the month, xinhai day, there was a solar eclipse.
74
冬，十月，癸丑，以羌寇充斥，涼部震恐，復徙安定居扶風，北地居馮翊。 十一月，庚子，以執金吾張喬行車騎將軍事，將兵萬五千人屯三輔。
In winter, in the tenth month, on guichou day, because Qiang raiders filled the region and Liang province trembled in fear, Anding was again moved to lodge in Fufeng and Beidi in Fengyi. In the eleventh month, on gengzi day, Chief Commandant of Justice Zhang Qiao was made to act as General of Chariots and Cavalry Affairs, leading fifteen thousand troops garrisoned in the Three Assistants.
75
荊州盜賊起，彌年不定； 以大將軍從事中郎李固為荊州刺史。 固到，遣吏勞問境內，赦寇盜前釁，與之更始。 於是賊帥夏密等率其魁黨六百餘人自縛歸首，固皆原之，遣還，使自相招集，開示威法； 半歲間，餘類悉降，州內清平。 奏南陽太守高賜等臧穢； 賜等重賂大將軍梁冀，冀為之千里移檄，而固持之愈急，冀遂徙固為泰山太守。 時泰山盜賊屯聚歷年，郡兵常千人追討，不能制； 固到，悉罷遣歸農，但選留任戰者百餘人，以恩信招誘之。 未滿歲，賊皆弭散。
Bandits rose in Jing province and for a year were not settled; Attendant Gentleman of the Grand General-in-Chief Li Gu was made Inspector of Jing province. When Li Gu arrived he sent officials to comfort and inquire within the borders, pardoned the bandits' prior offenses, and gave them a fresh start. Thereupon the bandit chief Xia Mi and others led more than six hundred chiefs and followers to bind themselves and surrender. Li Gu all pardoned them, sent them back, had them gather one another, and opened and displayed the laws of authority; Within half a year the remaining groups all surrendered and the province was clear and at peace. He memorialized that Administrator of Nanyang Gao Ci and others were corrupt; Ci and others heavily bribed Grand General Liang Ji. Ji for them sent a proclamation a thousand li away, yet Li Gu held firm ever more urgently, and Ji thereupon transferred Li Gu to be Administrator of Taishan. At the time bandits in Taishan had gathered for years. Commandery troops, often a thousand men in pursuit, could not control them; When Li Gu arrived, he dismissed all the troops and sent them back to farming, selecting only a little more than a hundred fit for battle to remain, and with kindness and trust summoned and enticed the bandits. Before a full year had passed, the bandits all dispersed and submitted.
76
春，正月，癸巳，赦天下，改元。
In spring, in the first month, on guisi day, the realm was amnestied and the reign title was changed.
77
秋，八月，南匈奴句龍吾斯與薁鞬、台耆等復反，寇掠並部。
In autumn, in the eighth month, the Southern Xiongnu Goulong Wusi together with Wujian, Taiqi, and others again rebelled and raided Bing province.
78
丁卯，遺侍中河內杜喬、周舉、守光祿大夫周栩、馮羨、魏郡欒巴、張綱、郭遵、劉班分行州郡，表賢良，顯忠勤； 其貪污有罪者，刺史、二千石驛馬上之，墨綬以下便輒收舉。 喬等受命之部，張綱獨埋其車輪於雒陽都亭，曰：「豺狼當路，安問狐狸！」 遂劾奏：「大將軍冀、河南尹不疑，以外戚蒙恩，居阿衡之任，而專肆貪叨，縱恣無極，多樹諂諛以害忠良，誠天威所不赦，大辟所宜加也。 謹條其無君之心十五事，斯皆臣子所切齒者也。」 書御，京師震竦。 時皇后寵方盛，諸梁姻族滿朝，帝雖知綱言直，不能用也。 杜喬至冶金兗州，表奏泰山太守李固政為天下第一，上征固為將作大匠。 八使所劾奏，多梁冀及宦者親黨； 互為請救，事皆寢遏。 侍御史河南種暠疾之，復行案舉。 廷尉吳雄、將作大匠李固亦上言：「八使所糾，宜急誅罰。」 帝乃更下八使奏章，令考正其罪。
On dingmao day, Palace Attendant Du Qiao of Henei, Zhou Ju, Acting Grandee of Splendid Happiness Zhou Xu, Feng Xian, Luan Ba of Wei commandery, Zhang Gang, Guo Zun, and Liu Ban were sent to tour the commanderies and states separately, to memorialize the worthy and good, and display loyalty and diligence; as for the corrupt and guilty, governors and two-thousand-bushel officials were to report them by relay horse, and those below black seal were at once to be arrested and impeached. Qiao and the others received the command and went to their regions. Zhang Gang alone buried his carriage wheels at the Luoyang capital post station, saying, "When jackals and wolves block the road, why ask about foxes!" Thereupon he impeached and memorialized, "Grand General Ji and Intendant of Henan Bu Yi, as maternal kin receiving grace, holding the task of supporting the balance, yet exclusively indulging greed, dissolute without limit, planting many flatterers to harm the loyal and good—truly what heaven's majesty does not pardon and what the great execution should be applied to. Your servant respectfully lists fifteen matters of his heart without a ruler—all these are what ministers and sons gnash their teeth at." The memorial reached the throne. The capital trembled in awe. At the time the empress's favor was flourishing and all the Liang affinal kin filled the court. Though the emperor knew Gang's words were straight, he could not use them. Du Qiao reached Yanzhou and memorialized that Administrator of Taishan Li Gu's government was first under heaven. The emperor summoned Li Gu to be Master of Works. What the eight envoys impeached and memorialized was mostly Liang Ji and the eunuchs' kin and partisans; they pleaded for one another's rescue, and all matters were suppressed and blocked. Attending Clerk Zhong Hao of Henan hated this and again carried out investigation and impeachment. Minister of Justice Wu Xiong and Master of Works Li Gu also submitted words, "What the eight envoys impeached should urgently be executed and punished." The emperor thereupon again sent down the eight envoys' memorials and ordered examination and correction of their crimes.
79
梁冀恨張綱，思有以中傷之。 時廣陵賊張嬰寇亂揚、徐間積十餘年，二千石不能制，冀乃以綱為廣陵太守。 前太守率多求兵馬，綱獨請單車之職。 既到，逕詣嬰壘門； 嬰大驚，遽走閉壘。 綱於門外罷遣吏兵，獨留所親者十餘人，以書喻嬰，請與相見。 嬰見綱至誠，乃出拜謁。 綱延置上坐，譬之曰：「前後二千石多肆貪暴，故致公等懷憤相聚。 二千石信有罪矣，然為之者又非義也。 今主上仁聖，欲以文德服叛，故遣太守來，思以爵祿相榮，不願以刑罰相加，今誠轉禍為福之時也。 若聞義不服，天子赫然震怒，荊、揚、兗、豫大兵雲合，身首橫分，血嗣俱絕。 二者利害，公其深計之！」 嬰聞，泣下曰：「荒裔愚民，不能自通朝廷，不堪侵枉，遂復相聚偷生，若魚游釜中，知其不可久，且以喘息須臾間耳！ 今聞明府之言，乃嬰等更生之辰也！」 乃辭還營。 明日，將所部萬餘人與妻子面縛歸降。 綱單車入嬰壘，大會，置酒為樂，散遣部眾，任從所之； 親為卜居宅、相田疇； 子弟欲為吏者，皆引召之。 人情悅服，南州晏然。 朝廷論功當封，梁冀遏之。 在郡一歲，卒； 張嬰等五百餘人為之制服行喪，送到犍為，負土成墳。 詔拜其子續為郎中，賜錢百萬。
Liang Ji hated Zhang Gang and sought some means to strike him within. At the time the bandit of Guangling Zhang Ying had raided and disturbed Yang and Xu for more than ten years. Two-thousand-bushel officials could not control him, and Ji thereupon made Gang Administrator of Guangling. Former administrators mostly requested troops and horses. Gang alone requested the duty with a single carriage. When he had arrived, he went straight to Ying's camp gate; Ying was greatly alarmed and hastily ran to shut the camp. Gang outside the gate dismissed clerks and soldiers, keeping only a little more than ten of his intimates, and with a letter instructed Ying, requesting to meet face to face. Ying, seeing Gang's utmost sincerity, then came out to bow and call on him. Gang received him and set him in the upper seat, admonishing him, saying, "Former and later two-thousand-bushel officials mostly indulged greed and violence, and so caused you gentlemen to harbor resentment and gather together. The two-thousand-bushel officials truly have offense, yet what you do is also not righteous. Now the sovereign is benevolent and sage, wishing with civil virtue to subdue rebels, and so sent the administrator to come, thinking to honor you with rank and salary and not wishing to add punishments—now is truly the time to turn disaster into blessing. If on hearing righteousness you do not submit, the Son of Heaven will blaze in anger. Great armies of Jing, Yang, Yan, and Yu will gather like clouds, bodies and heads cut apart, blood descendants all extinguished. Of the two, benefit and harm—you gentlemen should deeply calculate them!" Ying on hearing wept and said, "Your servant is a foolish man of the wild borderlands, unable to reach the court on his own, unable to bear oppression and wrong, and so again gathered to steal life, like fish swimming in a cauldron—knowing it cannot last long, only gasping for breath in a brief moment! Now on hearing the enlightened prefect's words, this is the hour when Ying and the rest are born again!" Thereupon he took leave and returned to camp. The next day he led his following of more than ten thousand men, with wives and children, bound face-forward and came to surrender. Gang with a single carriage entered Ying's camp, held a great assembly, set out wine for joy, and dispersed and sent off the troops, letting them go where they wished; he personally chose dwelling sites and surveyed fields for them; sons and younger brothers who wished to become officials were all summoned and appointed. Human hearts were pleased and submitted. The southern province was peaceful. The court deliberated on merit and he should have been enfeoffed, but Liang Ji blocked it. After one year in the commandery he died; Zhang Ying and more than five hundred others wore mourning for him and conducted the funeral, escorting him to Qianwei and piling earth to make his mound. An edict appointed his son Xu as Gentleman of the Palace, bestowing a million cash.
80
是時，二千石長吏有能政者，有雒陽令渤海任峻、冀州刺史京兆蘇章、膠東相陳留吳祐。 雒陽令自王渙之後，皆不稱職。 峻能選用文武吏，各盡其用，發奸不旋踵，民間不畏吏，其威禁猛於渙，而文理政教不如也。 章為冀州刺史，有故人為清河太守，章行部，欲案其奸臧，乃主太守為設酒餚，陳平生之好甚歡。 太守喜曰：「人皆有一天，我獨有二天！」 章曰：「今夕蘇孺文與故人飲者，私恩也； 明日冀州刺史案事者，公法也。」 遂舉正其罪，州境肅然。 後以摧折權豪忤旨，坐免。 時天下日敝，民多愁苦，論者日夜稱章，朝廷遂不能復用也。 祐為膠東相，政崇仁簡，民不忍欺。 嗇夫孫性，私賦民錢，市衣以進其父，父得而怒曰：「有君如是，何忍欺之！」 促歸伏罪。 性慚懼詣閣，持衣自首。 祐屏左右問其故，性具談父言。 祐曰：「掾以親故受污穢之名，所謂『觀過斯知仁矣。』」 使歸謝其父，還以衣遺之。
At the time among chief officials of two thousand bushels who had able government were Magistrate of Luoyang Ren Jun of Bohai, Governor of Ji Su Zhang of Jingzhao, and Chancellor of Jiaodong Wu You of Chenliu. Magistrates of Luoyang since Wang Huan had none been fit for their duties. Jun could select and employ civil and military clerks, each fulfilling his use, exposing wickedness without turning the heel—the people in the lanes did not fear clerks. His authority and prohibitions were fiercer than Huan's, yet in culture, principle, government, and instruction he was not equal. Su Zhang was Governor of Ji. An old friend was Administrator of Qinghe. When Zhang toured the department and wished to investigate his corruption, the host administrator set out wine and food for him and spoke of their lifelong friendship very pleasantly. The administrator rejoiced and said, "Others all have one heaven. I alone have two heavens!" Zhang said, "Tonight Su Ruwen drinking with an old friend is private favor; tomorrow the Governor of Ji investigating the case is public law." Thereupon he impeached and corrected his crime. Within the province all was orderly. Later because he crushed the powerful and great and offended the imperial will, he was dismissed by offense. At the time the realm daily declined and the people had much sorrow and suffering. Debaters day and night praised Zhang, yet the court in the end could not employ him again. Wu You was Chancellor of Jiaodong. His government honored benevolence and simplicity, and the people could not bear to deceive him. Revenue Officer Sun Xing privately levied the people's money, bought clothes, and presented them to his father. The father on receiving them angrily said, "With a ruler like this, how can one bear to deceive him!" He urged him to return and submit to punishment. Xing in shame and fear went to the gate, holding the clothes to confess. You dismissed attendants and asked the reason. Xing fully related his father's words. You said, "As a clerk you received a filthy name for kin's sake—what is called 'in observing faults one knows benevolence. He had him return to thank his father and gave back the clothes to him."
81
冬，十月，辛未，太尉桓焉、司徒劉壽免。
In winter, in the tenth month, on xinwei day, Grand Commandant Huan Yan and Minister over the Masses Liu Shou were dismissed.
82
罕羌邑落五千餘戶詣趙沖降，唯燒何種據參絲未下。 甲戌，罷張喬軍屯。
Qiang settlements of Han numbered more than five thousand households who came to Zhao Chong to surrender. Only the Shaohe tribe held Cansi and had not submitted. On jiaxu day, Zhang Qiao's encamped army was disbanded.
83
十一月，壬午，以司隸校尉下邳趙峻為太尉，大司農胡廣為司徒。
In the eleventh month, on renwu day, Colonel of the Metropolitan Area Zhao Jun of Xiapi was made Grand Commandant and Grand Minister of Agriculture Hu Guang was made Minister over the Masses.
84
夏，四月，庚戌，護羌校尉趙沖與漢陽太守張貢擊燒當羌於參絲，破之。
In summer, in the fourth month, on gengxu day, Colonel Protector of the Qiang Zhao Chong together with Administrator of Hanyang Zhang Gong attacked the Shaohe Qiang at Cansi and defeated them.
85
六月，丙寅，立南匈奴守義王兜樓儲為呼蘭若屍逐就單于。 時兜樓儲在京師，上親臨軒授璽綬，引上殿，賜車馬、器服、金帛甚厚。 詔太常、大鴻臚與諸國侍子於廣陽城門外祖會，饗賜、作樂、角抵、百戲。
In the sixth month, on bingyin day, King of Upholding Righteousness of the Southern Xiongnu Dou Louchu was established as Chanyu Hulan Ruoshizhujiu. At the time Dou Louchu was in the capital. The emperor personally came to the hall to bestow the seal cord, led him up the hall, and bestowed carriage, horse, vessels, robes, gold, and silk very richly. An edict ordered the Minister of Ceremonies and the Grand Herald together with the attendant sons of the various states to meet him in farewell outside the Guangyang city gate, with feasting, bestowals, music, grappling, and the hundred entertainments.
86
冬，閏十月，趙衝擊燒當羌於阿陽，破之。
In winter, in the intercalary tenth month, Zhao Chong attacked the Shaohe Qiang at Ayang and defeated them.
87
十一月，使匈奴中郎將扶風馬寔遣人刺殺句龍吾斯。
In the eleventh month, the envoy of the Xiongnu Central Colonel Ma Shi of Fufeng sent men to assassinate Goulong Wusi.
88
涼州自九月以來，地百八十震，山谷坼裂，壞敗城寺，民壓死者甚眾。
From the ninth month onward in Liang province the earth quaked one hundred eighty times. Valleys split open, cities and temples were ruined, and among the people those crushed to death were very many.
89
尚書令黃瓊以前左雄所上孝廉之選，專用儒學、文吏，於取士之義猶有所遺，乃奏增孝悌及能從政者為四科； 帝從之。
Director of the Secretariat Huang Qiong, because the selection of Filial and Incorrupt candidates that Zuo Xiong formerly submitted used only Confucian learning and clerical officials, still had something missing in the meaning of taking scholars, and so memorialized to add Filial Piety and Fraternal Duty and those able to take part in government as four categories; The emperor followed it.
90
春，護羌從事馬玄為諸羌所誘，將羌眾亡出塞，領護羌校尉衛琚追擊玄等，斬首八百餘級。 趙沖復追叛羌到建威鸇陰河； 軍度竟，所將降胡六百餘人叛走； 衝將數百人追之，遇羌伏後，與戰而歿。 沖雖死，而前後多所斬獲，羌由是衰耗。 詔封沖子為義陽亭侯。
In spring, Protector of the Qiang Attendant Ma Xuan was enticed by the various Qiang, led the Qiang masses in flight beyond the passes, and Colonel Protector of the Qiang Wei Ju pursued and attacked Xuan and the others, taking more than eight hundred heads. Zhao Chong again pursued rebel Qiang to Jianwei at the Zhuanyin River; when the army had crossed to the end, more than six hundred surrendered Hu he led rebelled and fled; Chong led several hundred men in pursuit, met Qiang lying in ambush behind, fought, and died. Though Chong died, before and after there were many beheadings and captures, and the Qiang thereby declined and were exhausted. An edict enfeoffed Chong's son as Marquis of Yiyang village.
91
夏，四月，使匈奴中郎將馬寔擊南匈奴左部，破之。 於是胡、羌、烏桓悉詣寔降。
In summer, in the fourth month, Xiongnu Central Colonel Ma Shi was sent to attack the Southern Xiongnu Left Division and defeated them. Thereupon the Hu, Qiang, and Wuhuan all came to Shi to surrender.
92
辛巳，立皇子炳為太子，改元，赦天下。 太子居承光宮，帝使侍御史種暠監其家。 中常侍高梵從中單駕出迎太子，時太傅杜喬等疑不欲從而未決，暠乃手劍當車曰：「太子，國之儲副，人命所繫。 今常侍來，無詔信，何以知非奸邪？ 今日有死而已！」 梵辭屈，不敢對，馳還奏之。 詔報，太子乃得去。 喬退而歎息，愧暠臨事不惑； 帝亦嘉其持重，稱善者良久。
On xinsi day, the imperial son Bing was established as heir apparent, the reign title was changed, and the realm was amnestied. The heir apparent dwelt in Chengguang Palace. The emperor sent Attending Clerk Zhong Hao to supervise his household. Regular Attendant Gao Fan came out from the inner palace with a single carriage to welcome the heir apparent. At the time Grand Tutor Du Qiao and others doubted and did not wish to follow yet had not decided. Hao then took sword in hand and blocked the carriage, saying, "The heir apparent is the state's reserve deputy. Human lives depend on him. Now a regular attendant comes without edict or credential—how does one know he is not treacherous and wicked? Today there is only death!" Fan was defeated in words, dared not reply, and galloped back to report. An edict replied, and the heir apparent then was able to go. Qiao withdrew and sighed, ashamed that Hao in the affair was not confused; the emperor also praised his steadiness and spoke approval for a long while.
93
揚、徐盜賊群起，盤互連歲。 秋，八月，九江范容、周生等寇掠城邑，屯據歷陽，為江、淮巨患； 遣御史中丞馮緄督州兵討之。
In Yang and Xu bandits rose in groups, entwined year after year. In autumn, in the eighth month, Fan Rong of Jiujiang, Zhou Sheng, and others raided and plundered cities and towns, encamped and held Liyang, and were a great calamity of the Jiang and Huai; Imperial Secretary Feng Gun was sent to supervise commandery troops in punishing them.
94
庚午，帝崩於玉堂前殿。 太子即皇帝位，年二歲。 尊皇后曰皇太后。 太后臨朝。
On gengwu day the emperor died in the Jade Hall front palace. The heir apparent ascended the imperial throne. He was two years old. The empress was honored as empress dowager. The empress dowager held court.
95
丁丑，以太尉趙峻為太傅，大司農李固為太尉，參錄尚書事。
On dingchou day, Grand Commandant Zhao Jun was made Grand Tutor and Grand Minister of Agriculture Li Gu was made Grand Commandant, with participation in recording Secretariat affairs.
96
九月，丙午，葬孝順皇帝於憲陵，廟曰敬宗。
In the ninth month, on bingwu day, Filial and Obedient Emperor was buried at Xianling. His temple title is Jingzong.
97
是日，京師及太原、雁門地震。
That day the capital, together with Taiyuan and Yanmen, had earthquakes.
98
庚戌，詔舉賢良方正之士，策問之。 皇甫規對曰：「伏惟孝順皇帝初勤王政，紀綱四方，幾以獲安； 後遭奸偽，威分近習，受賂賣爵，賓客交錯，天下擾擾，從亂如歸，官民並竭，上下窮虛。 陛下體兼乾坤，聰哲純茂，攝政之初，拔用忠貞，其餘維綱，多所改正，遠近翕然望見太平，而災異不息，寇賊縱橫，殆以奸臣權重之所致也。 其常侍尤無狀者，宜亟黜遣，披掃凶黨，收入財賄，以塞痛怨，以答天誡。 大將軍冀、河南尹不疑，亦宜增修謙節，輔以儒術，省去游娛不急之務，割減廬第無益之飾。 夫君者，舟也； 民者，水也； 群臣，乘舟者也； 將軍兄弟，操楫者也。 若能平志畢力，以度元元，所謂福也。 如其怠弛，將淪波濤，可不慎乎！ 夫德不稱祿，猶鑿墉之趾以益其高，豈量力審功，安固之道哉！ 凡諸宿猾、酒徒、戲客，皆宜貶斥，以懲不軌。 令冀等深思得賢之福，失人之累。」 梁冀忿之，以規為下第，拜郎中； 托疾，免歸，州郡承冀旨，幾陷死者再三，遂沉廢於家，積十餘年。
On gengxu day an edict ordered the recommendation of worthy and upright gentlemen for policy questioning. Huangfu Gui replied, saying, "Your servant considers that Emperor Shun at first diligently governed royal affairs and ordered the four quarters, and almost attained peace; afterward he met treacherous falsity. Authority was divided among close attendants, bribes were taken and ranks sold, guests and clients crisscrossed, all under heaven was in turmoil, and people joined disorder as if returning home. Officials and people were both exhausted, and above and below were destitute and empty. Your Majesty's person embraces heaven and earth and is pure in wisdom and virtue. At the start of regency you raised the loyal and straight, and of the rest of the sustaining cords many were corrected. Near and far alike looked to see great peace—yet prodigies do not cease and bandits roam at will, probably because treacherous ministers' power is too heavy. Among the Regular Attendants those most lawless should be swiftly dismissed and expelled, the vicious faction swept away, and their bribes and goods seized, to block bitter resentment and answer Heaven's warning. Grand General Ji and Henan Intendant Bu Yi should also further cultivate modest conduct, be aided by Confucian learning, cut away idle amusements and unurgent affairs, and reduce useless ornament in their lodges and mansions. The ruler is a boat; the people are water; ministers are those who ride the boat; the general's brothers hold the oars. If they can level their wills and exhaust their strength to measure out the common folk, that is what is called blessing. If they are slack and lax, they will sink in the waves—can one not be cautious! When virtue does not match salary, it is like chiseling a wall's foot to raise its height—how is that measuring strength and examining achievement, the way to secure stability! All old rogues, wine companions, and play guests should be demoted and expelled to punish irregular conduct. Let Ji and the others deeply think on the blessing of obtaining the worthy and the burden of losing men." Liang Ji was angry at this, ranked Gui in the lowest grade, and appointed him Palace Gentleman; he pleaded illness and was dismissed to return home. Commanderies and districts followed Ji's intent, and several times he nearly died in traps, until he sank into disuse at home for more than ten years.
99
揚州刺史尹耀、九江太守鄧顯討范容等於歷陽，敗歿。
Inspector of Yangzhou Yin Yao and Administrator of Jiujiang Deng Xian attacked Fan Rong and others at Liyang and were defeated and killed.
100
冬，十月，日南蠻夷復反，攻燒縣邑。 交趾刺史九江夏方招誘降之。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Man and Yi of Rinan again rebelled, attacking and burning counties and towns. Inspector of Jiaozhi Xia Fang of Jiujiang induced and accepted their surrender.
101
十一月，九江盜賊徐鳳、馬勉等攻燒城邑； 鳳稱無上將軍，勉稱皇帝，築營於當塗山中，建年號，置百官。
In the eleventh month, bandits of Jiujiang Xu Feng, Ma Mian, and others attacked and burned cities and towns; Feng styled himself Supreme General, Mian styled himself Emperor, built camps in Dangtu mountain, established an era name, and installed the hundred offices.
102
十二月，九江賊黃虎等攻合肥。
In the twelfth month, the Jiujiang bandit Huang Hu and others attacked Hefei.
103
是歲，群盜發憲陵。
That year a host of bandits broke into Xian Mausoleum.
104
漢孝皇帝
Han Filial Emperor
105
春，正月，戊戌，帝崩於玉堂前殿。 梁太后以揚、徐盜賊方盛，欲須所征諸王侯到乃發喪。 太尉李固曰：「帝雖幼少，猶天下之父。 今日崩亡，人神感動，豈有人子反共掩匿乎！ 昔秦皇沙丘之謀及近日北鄉之事，皆秘不發喪，此天下大忌，不可之甚者也！」 太后從之，即暮發喪。 征清河王蒜及渤海孝王鴻之子纘皆至京師。 蒜父曰清河恭王延平； 延平及鴻皆樂安夷王寵之子，千乘貞王伉之孫也。 清河王為人嚴重，動止有法度，公卿皆歸心焉。 李固謂大將軍冀曰：「今當立帝，宜擇長年，高明有德，任親政事者，願將軍審詳大計，察周、霍之立文、宣，戒鄧、閻之利幼弱！」 冀不從，與太后定策禁中。 丙辰，冀持節以王青蓋車迎纘入南宮。 丁巳，封為建平侯。 其日，即皇帝位，年八歲。 蒜罷歸國。
In spring, in the first month, on wuxu day, the Emperor died in the front hall of the Jade Hall. Empress Dowager Liang, because bandits in Yang and Xu were still strong, wished to wait until the summoned kings and marquises arrived before announcing the mourning. Grand Commandant Li Gu said, "Though the Emperor was young, he was still father to all under heaven. Today he has died—men and spirits are moved. How could any human child in turn together conceal it! Formerly the First Emperor of Qin's plot at Shaji and recently the affair at Beixiang—all kept the mourning secret and did not announce it. These are great taboos under heaven and must not be carried to extremes!" The Dowager followed this and that very evening announced the mourning. The summoned Prince Su of Qinghe and Zuan, son of Filial King Hong of Bohai, both reached the capital. Su's father was Respectful King Yanping of Qinghe; Yanping and Hong were both sons of King Chong of Le'an, grandsons of Upright King Kang of Qiancheng. The Prince of Qinghe was grave in person. His movements and stops had law and measure, and dukes and ministers all turned their hearts to him. Li Gu said to Grand General Ji, "Now in establishing an emperor one should choose one mature in years, lofty and bright in virtue, and able to handle close affairs of government. Your servant wishes the general to examine the great plan carefully, observe how Zhou and Huo established Wen and Xuan, and take warning from how Deng and Yan profited from installing the young and weak!" Ji did not follow this but with the Dowager fixed the plan within the inner palace. On bingchen day Ji, bearing the staff of authority, welcomed Zuan into the Southern Palace in the king's green-canopied carriage. On dingsi day he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Jianping. That same day he took the imperial throne. He was eight years old. Su was dismissed and returned to his state.
106
將卜山陵，李固曰：「今處處寇賊，軍興費廣，新創憲陵，賦發非一。 帝尚幼小，可起陵於憲陵塋內，依康陵制度。」 太后從之。 己未，葬孝沖皇帝於懷陵。
When they were about to divine the mountain tomb, Li Gu said, "Now bandits are everywhere, military costs are vast, Xian Mausoleum was newly built, and levies are many. The Emperor is still young. His tomb may be raised within the precinct of Xian Mausoleum, following the institution of Kang Mausoleum." The Dowager followed this. On jiwei day Filial Emperor Chong was buried at Huai Mausoleum.
107
太后委政宰輔，李固所言，太后多從之，黃門宦官為惡者一皆斥遣，天下鹹望治平。 而梁冀深忌疾之。 初，順帝時所除官多不以次； 及固在事，奏免百餘人。 此等既怨，又希望冀旨，遂共作飛章誣奏固曰：「太尉李固，因公假私，依正行邪，離間近戚，自隆支黨。 大行在殯，路人掩涕，固獨胡粉飾貌，搔頭弄姿，槃旋偃仰，從容治步，曾無慘怛傷悴之心。 山陵未成，違矯舊政，善則稱己，過則歸君； 斥逐近臣，不得侍送。 作威作福，莫固之甚矣！ 夫子罪莫大於累父，臣惡莫深於毀君，固之過釁，事合誅辟。」 書奏，冀以白太后，使下其書； 太后不聽。
The Dowager entrusted government to the chief ministers. What Li Gu said the Dowager mostly followed, and wicked eunuchs of the Yellow Gates were all expelled. All under heaven looked to good order and peace. Yet Liang Ji deeply hated and resented him. Initially, offices appointed in Emperor Shun's time were often not in proper order; when Gu was in office he memorialized to dismiss more than a hundred men. These men were already resentful and also hoped for Ji's intent. Thereupon they jointly made a flying memorial falsely accusing Gu, saying, "Grand Commandant Li Gu uses public office for private ends, relies on the upright to act crookedly, estranges close kin, and exalts his own faction. The late sovereign lies in the coffin and travelers on the road cover their faces in tears, yet Gu alone powders his face and ornaments his looks, scratches his head and plays with his bearing, turns round reclining and rising, and walks with easy composure—never a heart of grief and sorrow. The mountain tomb is not yet complete, yet he violates and bends old government—what is good he claims for himself, and what is faulty he assigns to the ruler; he expels and drives away close attendants so they cannot serve and escort. Making might and making blessing—none exceeds Gu in this! The Master's saying: no crime is greater than bringing down one's father; no wickedness of a minister is deeper than destroying his ruler. Gu's excess fault and offense fit execution by law." The memorial was submitted. Ji reported it to the Dowager and had the document sent down; the Dowager would not listen.
108
廣陵賊張嬰復聚眾數千人反，據廣陵。
The Guangling bandit Zhang Ying again gathered several thousand men in rebellion and held Guangling.
109
二月，乙酉，赦天下。
In the second month, on yiyou day, amnesty was declared for all under heaven.
110
西羌叛亂積年，費用八十餘億。 諸將多斷盜牢稟，私自潤入，皆以珍寶貨賂左右。 上下放縱，不恤軍事，士卒不得其死者，白骨相望於野。 左馮翊梁並以恩信招誘叛羌； 離湳、狐奴等五萬餘戶皆詣並降，隴右復平。
The Western Qiang rebellion had piled up for years. Expenses exceeded eight billion. The generals mostly intercepted and stole the garrison grain and privately enriched themselves, and all used gems and treasures to bribe those around the throne. Above and below were lax and indulgent and uncaring of military affairs. Soldiers did not obtain death in due course, and white bones looked at one another across the fields. Liang Bing, Intendant of the Left of Fengyi, with grace and trust induced the rebellious Qiang; more than fifty thousand households of Liqian, Hunu, and others all came to Bing and surrendered, and Longyou was again pacified.
111
太后以徐、揚盜賊益熾，博求將帥。 三公舉涿令北海滕撫有文武才； 詔拜撫九江都尉，與中郎將趙序助馮緄，合州郡兵數萬人共討之。 又廣開賞募，錢、邑各有差。 又議遣太尉李固，未及行。 三月，撫等進擊眾賊，大破之，斬馬勉、范容、周生等千五百級。 徐鳳以餘眾燒東城縣。 夏，五月，下邳人謝安應募，率其宗親設伏擊鳳，斬之。 封安為平鄉侯。 拜滕撫中郎將，督揚、徐二州事。
The Dowager, because bandits in Xu and Yang grew ever fiercer, broadly sought generals. The Three Excellencies recommended Magistrate of Zhuo Teng Fu of Beihai as having civil and military talent; an edict appointed Fu Colonel of Jiujiang to assist Feng Gun together with Colonel of the Gentlemen Zhao Xu, combining commandery and district troops numbering tens of thousands to attack them jointly. Rewards and bounties were also broadly opened, with money and fiefs each graded. They also deliberated sending Grand Commandant Li Gu, but he had not yet departed. In the third month, Fu and others advanced to attack the mass of bandits and routed them greatly, beheading Ma Mian, Fan Rong, Zhou Sheng, and others to the number of fifteen hundred. Xu Feng with the remnant host burned Dongcheng county. In summer, in the fifth month, Xie An of Xiapi answered the bounty, led his clan and kin to set an ambush and strike Feng, and beheaded him. An was enfeoffed as Marquis of Pingxiang. Teng Fu was appointed Colonel of the Gentlemen and supervised the affairs of the two provinces Yang and Xu.
112
丙辰，詔曰：「孝殤皇帝即位逾年，君臣禮成。 孝安皇帝承襲統業，而前世遂令恭陵在康陵之上，先後相逾，失其次序。 今其正之！」
On bingchen day an edict said, "Filial Emperor Shang had been on the throne more than a year; ruler and ministers' ritual was complete. Filial Emperor An inherited the unified enterprise, yet the previous age had placed Gong Mausoleum above Kang Mausoleum—the former and latter overstepped one another and lost proper order. Now rectify this!"
113
六月，鮮卑寇代郡。
In the sixth month the Xianbei raided Dai commandery.
114
秋，廬江盜賊攻尋陽，又攻盱台。 滕撫遣司馬王章擊破之。
In autumn, bandits of Lujiang attacked Xunyang and also attacked Yutai. Teng Fu sent Major Wang Zhang to attack and defeat them.
115
九月，庚戌，太傅趙峻薨。
In the ninth month, on gengxu day, Grand Tutor Zhao Jun died.
116
滕撫進擊張嬰； 冬，十一月，丙午，破嬰，斬獲千餘人。 丁未，中郎將趙序坐畏懦、詐增首級，棄市。
Teng Fu advanced to attack Zhang Ying; in winter, in the eleventh month, on bingwu day, he defeated Ying and beheaded and captured more than a thousand men. On dingwei day Colonel of the Gentlemen Zhao Xu, charged with cowardice and falsely inflating heads taken, was exposed in the market.
117
歷陽賊華孟自稱黑帝，攻殺九江太守楊岑。 滕撫進擊，破之，斬孟等三千八百級，虜獲七百餘人。 於是東南悉平，振旅而還。 以撫為左馮翊。
The Liyang bandit Hua Meng styled himself Black Emperor and attacked and killed Administrator of Jiujiang Yang Cen. Teng Fu advanced to attack and defeated them, beheading Meng and others to the number of thirty-eight hundred and capturing more than seven hundred. Thereupon the southeast was entirely pacified. He shook out the troops and returned. Fu was made Intendant of the Left of Fengyi.
118
永昌太守劉君世，鑄黃金為文蛇，以獻大將軍冀； 益州刺史種暠糾發逮捕，馳傳上言。 冀由是恨暠。 會巴郡人服直聚黨數百人，自稱天王，暠與太守應承討捕，不克，吏民多被傷害； 冀因此陷之，傳逮暠、承。 李固上疏曰：「臣伏聞討捕所傷，本非暠、承之意，實由縣吏懼法畏罪，迫逐深苦，致此不詳。 比盜賊群起，處處未絕。 暠、承以首舉大奸而相隨受罪，臣恐沮傷州縣糾發之意，更共飾匿，莫復盡心！」 太后省奏，乃赦暠、承罪，免官而已。 金蛇輸司農，冀從大司農杜喬借觀之，喬不肯與； 冀小女死，令公卿會喪，喬獨不往，冀由是銜之。
Administrator of Yongchang Liu Junshi cast gold into an inscribed serpent and presented it to Grand General Ji; Inspector of Yizhou Zhong Hao investigated, exposed, and arrested him, and by rapid post memorialized above. Ji thereby hated Hao. It happened that Fu Zhi of Ba commandery gathered a party of several hundred men and styled himself Heavenly King. Hao together with the Administrator Ying Cheng pursued and captured them but did not overcome them, and officials and people suffered many injuries; Ji used this to trap them and by post summoned Hao and Cheng for arrest. Li Gu submitted a memorial, saying, "Your servant has heard that the injuries in the pursuit and capture were not originally Hao's and Cheng's intent. Truly it was because district clerks feared the law and dreaded punishment, pressed the pursuit with deep harshness, and brought this misfortune. Just now bandits rise in masses and are not yet ended anywhere. Hao and Cheng, for having been first to expose a great villain, follow into punishment—your servant fears this will discourage the intent of provinces and districts to investigate and expose, and they will again together cover and conceal, no longer doing their utmost!" The Dowager examined the memorial and thereupon pardoned Hao's and Cheng's crimes, dismissing them from office only. The golden serpent was delivered to the Minister of Agriculture. Ji asked to borrow it for viewing from Grand Minister of Agriculture Du Qiao, and Qiao would not give it; Ji's young daughter died. He ordered the dukes and ministers to attend the mourning, but Qiao alone did not go. Ji thereby harbored resentment against him.