Volume 61 Han Records 53

1

=漢紀五十三=起瘀逢閹茂，盡旃蒙大淵獻，凡二年。

【Han Records 53】 From the year Yufeng Yanmao through Zhanmeng Dayuanxian—two years in all.

2

1春，正月，辛酉，赦天下。

In spring, in the first month, on xinyou day, the emperor proclaimed a general amnesty.

3

2甲子，帝加元服。

On jiazi day, the emperor came of age and assumed full adult status.

4

3二月，戊寅，有司奏立長秋宮。詔曰：「皇妣宅兆未卜，何忍言後宮之選乎！」壬午，三公奏改葬皇妣王夫人，追上尊號曰靈懷皇后。

In the second month, on wuyin day, the responsible offices submitted a memorial proposing the selection of an empress for the Changqiu Palace. The emperor decreed: "My late mother's burial site has not yet been chosen—how can I bear to discuss selecting someone for the inner palace! On renwu day, the Three Ducal Ministers petitioned to rebury the late Lady Wang with full honors and confer upon her the posthumous title Empress Linghuai.

5

4陶謙告急於田楷，楷與平原相劉備救之。備自有兵數千人，謙益以丹陽兵四千，備遂去楷歸謙，謙表為豫州刺史，屯小沛。曹操軍食亦盡，引兵還。

Tao Qian sent an urgent appeal for help to Tian Kai, who marched to his aid together with Liu Bei, the prefect of Pingyuan. Liu Bei already commanded several thousand men of his own; Tao Qian added four thousand Danyang troops to his force. Bei then left Tian Kai and entered Qian's service. Qian recommended him as Inspector of Yuzhou and stationed him at Xiaopei. Cao Cao's army had also run out of provisions, and he withdrew.

6

5馬騰私有求於李傕，不獲而怒，欲舉兵相攻；帝遣使者和解之，不從。韓遂率眾來和騰、傕，即而復與騰合。諫議大夫种邵、侍中馬宇、左中郎將劉範謀使騰襲長安，己為內應，以誅傕等。壬申據《後漢書．獻帝紀》，此事擊於三月，惟三月戊申朔，無壬申。，騰、遂勒兵屯長平觀。邵等謀泄，出奔槐里。傕使樊稠、郭汜及兄子利擊之，騰、遂敗走，還涼州。又攻槐里，邵等皆死。庚申據《後漢書．獻帝紀》，此事擊於三月，為農曆十三日。，詔赦騰等。夏，四月，以騰為安狄將軍，遂為安降將軍。

Ma Teng had made a private request of Li Jue; when it was refused he flew into a rage and prepared to raise troops against him; The emperor sent envoys to broker peace, but neither side would listen. Han Sui brought his followers to mediate between Teng and Jue, but soon allied himself with Teng once more. Remonstrance and Discourse Grandee Zhong Shao, Palace Attendant Ma Yu, and Left Commandant of the Guards Liu Fan plotted to have Ma Teng strike at Chang'an while they served as inside collaborators, intending to kill Li Jue and his faction. According to the Annals of Emperor Xian in the Book of Later Han, the event belongs in the third month; yet the third month opened on wushen, and again there was no renshen day.¹ Teng and Sui assembled their forces and encamped at Changping Guan. When Shao and his co-conspirators' plot was exposed, they fled to Huaili. Li Jue dispatched Fan Chou, Guo Si, and his nephew Li against them. Teng and Sui were routed and fled back to Liang Province. They then attacked Huaili as well, and Shao and his fellows were all killed. According to the Annals of Emperor Xian in the Book of Later Han, the event took place in the third month, on the thirteenth day.² An edict was issued granting amnesty to Teng and his followers. In summer, in the fourth month, Ma Teng was made General Who Pacifies the Di, and Han Sui was made General Who Pacifies Surrenders.

7

6曹操使司馬荀彧、壽張令程昱守鄄城，復往攻陶謙，遂略地至琅邪、東海，所過殘滅。還，擊破劉備於郯東。謙恐，欲走歸丹陽。會陳留太守張邈叛操迎呂布，操乃引軍還。

Cao Cao left Major Xun Yu and Shouzhang magistrate Cheng Yu to hold Juancheng, then marched again against Tao Qian. He swept through the countryside as far as Langye and Donghai, leaving devastation in his wake. On the return march he routed Liu Bei east of Tan. Tao Qian was terrified and prepared to flee back to Danyang. At that moment Chenliu Administrator Zhang Miao turned against Cao Cao and welcomed Lü Bu, and Cao was forced to withdraw.

8

初，張邈少時，好遊俠，袁紹、曹操皆與之善。及紹為盟主，有驕色，邈正議責紹；紹怒，使操殺之。操不聽，曰：「孟卓，親友也，是非當容之。今天下未定，奈何自相危也！」操之前攻陶謙，志在必死，敕家曰：「我若不還，往依孟卓。」後還見邈，垂泣相對。

In his youth Zhang Miao had been a wandering knight-errant, and both Yuan Shao and Cao Cao counted him as a friend. Once Shao became head of the coalition he grew arrogant, and Miao openly rebuked him in council; Shao was furious and ordered Cao Cao to kill him. Cao Cao refused, saying, "Mengzhuo is a close friend—one must make allowances for a man's faults. The realm is not yet settled—why turn on one another now!" When Cao Cao had earlier marched against Tao Qian, prepared to fight to the death, he told his household, "If I do not return, go to Mengzhuo for refuge. When he later returned and saw Miao again, the two men wept face to face.

9

陳留高柔謂鄉人曰：「曹操軍雖據兗州，本有四方之圖，未得安坐守也。而張府君恃陳留之資，將乘間為變，欲與諸君避之，何如？」眾人皆以曹、張相親，柔又年少，不然其言。柔從兄幹自河北呼柔，柔舉宗從之。

Gao Rou of Chenliu told his neighbors, "Cao Cao may hold Yan Province, but his ambitions extend in every direction—he cannot simply sit back and defend what he has. Administrator Zhang has Chenliu's wealth behind him and will seize the first chance to turn against Cao. I mean to leave with my kin and avoid what is coming—will you join me?" The others dismissed the warning: Cao and Zhang were close friends, and besides, Rou was still young. Rou's elder cousin Gan summoned him from Hebei, and Rou took his whole clan and went.

10

呂布之捨袁紹從張楊也，過邈，臨別，把手共誓。紹聞之，大恨。邈畏操終為紹殺己也，心不自安。前九江太守陳留邊讓嘗譏議操，操聞而殺之，並其妻子。讓素有才名，由是兗州士大夫皆恐懼。陳宮性剛直壯烈，內亦自疑，乃與從事中郎許汜、王楷及邈弟超共謀叛操。宮說邈曰：「今天下分崩，雄傑並起，君以千里之眾，當四戰之地，撫劍顧眄，亦足以為人豪，而反受制於人，不亦鄙乎！今州軍東征，其處空虛，呂布壯士，善戰無前，若權迎之，共牧兗州，觀天下形勢，俟時事之變，此亦縱橫之一時也。」邈從之。

When Lü Bu abandoned Yuan Shao to follow Zhang Yang, he passed through Miao's domain; on parting the two clasped hands and swore a bond together. When Yuan Shao heard of this, he was furious. Miao feared that Cao Cao would eventually kill him at Shao's urging, and he grew uneasy. Former Jiujiang Administrator Bian Rang of Chenliu had once ridiculed Cao Cao in public; when Cao learned of it he had him killed, along with his wife and children. Rang had been a man of celebrated talent, and the affair left the scholars and officials of Yan Province terrified. Chen Gong was a man of fierce, uncompromising integrity, and he too began to doubt Cao Cao. Together with Attendant of Affairs Xu Si and Wang Kai, and with Miao's younger brother Chao, he plotted rebellion. Chen Gong urged Miao: "The realm is breaking apart and heroes are rising on every side. You command thousands across a thousand li in a land fought over from every direction—hand on your sword, you could be a lord among men. Yet you let yourself be ruled by another. Is that not shameful! The provincial army is away campaigning east, and the heartland is undefended. Lü Bu is a fierce fighter without equal—welcome him for now, rule Yan Province together, watch how the realm unfolds, and wait for the moment to act. That would be your chance to play the great game." Miao agreed.

11

時操使宮將兵留屯東郡，遂以其眾潛迎布為兗州牧。布至，邈乃使其黨劉翊告荀彧曰：「呂將軍業助曹使君擊陶謙，宜亟供其軍食。」眾疑惑，彧知邈為亂，即勒兵設備，急召東郡太守夏侯惇於濮陽；惇來，布遂據濮陽。時操悉軍攻陶謙，留守兵少，而督將、大吏多與邈、宮通謀。惇至，其夜，誅謀叛者數十人，眾乃定。

Cao Cao had left Chen Gong in command of a garrison at Dongjun, and Gong used those troops to secretly install Lü Bu as Governor of Yan Province. When Lü Bu arrived, Miao sent his ally Liu Yi to tell Xun Yu, "General Lü has come to help Lord Cao against Tao Qian—you should send provisions at once. The men were bewildered. Xun Yu saw that Miao had rebelled, immediately mustered the garrison, and urgently summoned Dongjun Administrator Xiahou Dun from Puyang. Before Xiahou Dun could arrive, Lü Bu took Puyang. Cao Cao had taken nearly his entire army against Tao Qian, leaving only a skeleton force behind, and many of the senior officers and officials were already in contact with Miao and Chen Gong. When Xiahou Dun arrived, he executed several dozen conspirators that same night, and order was at last restored.

12

豫州剌史郭貢率眾數萬來至城下，或言與呂布同謀，眾甚懼。貢求見荀彧，彧將往，惇等曰：「君一州鎮也，往必危，不可。」彧曰：「貢與邈等，分非素結也，今來速，計必未定，及其未定說之，縱不為用，可使中立。若先疑之，彼將怒而成計。」貢見彧無懼意，謂鄄城未易攻，遂引兵去。

Inspector of Yuzhou Guo Gong marched tens of thousands of men to the city walls. Rumors spread that he was in league with Lü Bu, and fear swept through the garrison. Guo Gong asked to meet Xun Yu. Yu was about to go when Xiahou Dun and the others protested: "You are the linchpin of the province—if you go, you will be in mortal danger. Xun Yu replied, "Guo Gong is no longtime ally of Miao and the rest. He arrived in haste, so his plans cannot be firm yet. If I speak to him before he decides, I may not win him over—but I can at least keep him neutral. If we show suspicion first, he will take offense and commit to their side." When Guo Gong saw that Xun Yu showed no fear, he decided Juancheng would not fall easily and withdrew.

13

是時，兗州郡縣皆應布，唯鄄城、范、東阿不動。布軍降者言：「陳宮欲自將兵取東阿，又使氾嶷取范。」吏民皆恐。程昱本東阿人，彧謂昱曰：「今舉州皆叛，唯有此三城，宮等以重兵臨之，非有以深結其心，三城必動。君，民之望也，宜往撫之。」昱乃歸過范，說其令靳允曰：「聞呂布執君母、弟、妻子，孝子誠不可為心。今天下大亂，英雄並起，必有命世能息天下之亂者，此智者所宜詳擇也。得主者昌，失主者亡。陳宮叛迎呂布而百城皆應，似能有為；然以君觀之，布何如人哉？夫布粗中少親，剛而無禮，匹夫之雄耳。宮等以勢假合，不能相君也；兵雖眾，終必無成。曹使君智略不世出，殆天所授。君必固范，我守東阿，則田單之功可立也。孰與違忠從惡而母子俱亡乎？唯君詳慮之！」允流涕曰：「不敢有貳心。」時泛嶷已在縣，允乃見嶷，伏兵刺殺之，歸，勒兵自守。

By then every county in Yan Province had declared for Lü Bu—only Juancheng, Fan, and Dong'e held out. “Deserters from Lü Bu's camp reported that Chen Gong meant to lead troops personally against Dong'e and had sent Fan Yi to seize Fan.” Officials and commoners alike were terrified. Cheng Yu was a native of Dong'e. Xun Yu told him, "The whole province has turned against us except these three cities. Chen Gong is bearing down on them with a large army—unless we win their loyalty completely, all three will fall. You are the man the people look to—you should go and rally them." Cheng Yu set out for home by way of Fan and spoke to its magistrate, Jin Yun: "I hear Lü Bu holds your mother, brother, wife, and children. No filial son could bear that. The realm is in chaos and heroes are rising on every side. One man is destined to end the turmoil—that is whom the wise must choose with care. Those who back the right leader prosper; those who choose wrong are destroyed. Chen Gong rebelled and welcomed Lü Bu, and a hundred cities rallied to them—it looks as though they might succeed; but in your judgment, what sort of man is Lü Bu? Lü Bu is brutish and faithless, fierce but without restraint—the hero of a common brawler, nothing more. Chen Gong and the rest have rallied to him only for the moment—they cannot truly make him your master; however many troops they field, they will come to nothing in the end. Lord Cao's genius is unmatched in our age—he may well be Heaven's chosen man. Hold Fan firm while I defend Dong'e, and we can repeat Tian Dan's feat at Jimo. Surely that is better than abandoning loyalty for treason and losing your whole family? Think it through carefully!" Jin Yun wept and said, "I will not waver in my loyalty. Fan Yi was already in the county. Yun went out to meet him, had concealed soldiers cut him down, then returned and rallied the garrison to hold the city.

14

::徐眾評曰：允於曹公未成君臣；母至親也，於義應去。衛公子開方仕齊，積年不返，管仲以為不懷其親，安能愛君！是以求忠臣必於孝子之門；允宜先救至親。徐庶母為曹公所得，劉備遣庶歸北，欲為天下者恕人子之情也；曹公亦宜遣允。

Xu Zhong comments: Jin Yun was not yet bound to Lord Cao as lord and minister; a mother is one's closest kin, and by every moral rule he should have gone to save her. When the Wei prince's son Kaifang entered Qi's service and stayed away for years, Guan Zhong said that a man who does not cherish his own kin cannot truly love his lord. That is why loyal ministers are sought among filial sons; Yun should first have rescued his family. When Xu Shu's mother fell into Lord Cao's hands, Liu Bei sent Xu Shu home—a man who would rule the realm must respect a son's duty to his mother; Lord Cao should likewise have released Yun to his family.

15

7昱又遣別騎絕倉亭津，陳宮至，不得渡。昱至東阿，東阿令潁川棗祗已率厲吏民拒城堅守，卒完三城以待操。操還，執昱手曰：「微子之力，吾無所歸矣。」表昱為東平相，屯范。呂布攻鄄城不能下，西屯濮陽。曹操曰：「布一旦得一州，不能據東平，斷亢父、泰山之道，乘險要我，而乃屯濮陽，吾知其無能為也。」乃進攻之。

Cheng Yu also sent a detachment of cavalry to hold Cangting Ford, blocking Chen Gong when he arrived. When Cheng Yu reached Dong'e, its magistrate Zao Zhi of Yingchuan had already rallied officials and townspeople to hold the walls. In the end all three cities stood firm until Cao Cao returned. When Cao Cao returned, he took Cheng Yu's hand and said, "Without you, I would have had nowhere to go. He recommended Cheng Yu as Administrator of Dongping and stationed him at Fan. Lü Bu failed to take Juancheng and withdrew west to encamp at Puyang. Cao Cao said, "Lü Bu suddenly seized a whole province, yet instead of holding Dongping, cutting the Kangfu–Mount Tai road, and using the terrain to block me, he camps at Puyang. I know he will come to nothing. He then marched to attack him.

16

8五月，以揚武將軍郭汜為後將軍，安集將軍樊稠為右將軍，並開府如三公，合為六府，皆參選舉。李傕等各欲用其所舉，若一違之，便忿憤喜怒。主者患之，乃以次第用其所舉。先從傕起，汜次之，稠次之，三公所舉，終不見用。

In the fifth month, Guo Si was promoted from General Who Displays Martiality to General of the Rear, and Fan Chou from General Who Pacifies and Gathers to General of the Right. Each was granted an office equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, bringing the total to six such offices, all with a hand in appointments. Li Jue and his faction each insisted on appointing their own nominees; the slightest refusal sent them into a rage. The officials in charge, at a loss, began appointing their nominees in rotation. Li Jue's nominees came first, then Guo Si's, then Fan Chou's; candidates put forward by the Three Ducal Ministers were never appointed.

17

9河西四郡以去涼州治遠，隔以河寇，上書求別置州。六月，丙子，詔以陳留邯鄲商為雍州剌史，典治之。

The four commanderies west of the Yellow River petitioned to be made a separate province, citing their distance from the Liang Province capital and the river bandits that cut them off. In the sixth month, on bingzi day, an edict appointed Handan Shang of Chenliu Inspector of Yong Province to govern the new province.

18

10丁丑，京師地震；戊寅，又震。

On dingchou day, the capital was shaken by an earthquake; on wuyin day it shook again.

19

11乙〔巳〕( 酉) 晦酉) 晦是年六月丙子朔，晦日為乙巳，《後漢書．獻帝紀》正作乙巳，據改。，日有食之。

11 On yi [si] day ( yiyou) yiyou)³ —there was a solar eclipse.⁴

20

12秋，七月，壬子，太尉朱儁免。

In autumn, in the seventh month, on renzi day, Zhu Jun was removed from office as Grand Commandant.

21

13戊午，以太常楊彪為太尉，錄尚書事。

On wuwu day, Yang Biao, Grand Minister of Ceremonies, was appointed Grand Commandant and entrusted with oversight of the Masters of Writing.

22

14甲子，以鎮南將軍楊定為安西將軍，開府如三公。

On jiazi day, Yang Ding, General Who Subdues the South, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West and granted an office equal to the Three Ducal Ministers.

23

15自四月不雨至於是月，穀一斛值錢五十萬，長安中人相食。帝令侍御史侯汶出太倉米豆為貧人作糜，餓死者如故。帝疑稟賦不實，取米豆各五升於御前作糜，得二盆。乃杖汶五十，於是悉得全濟。

No rain had fallen since the fourth month. By now a bushel of grain cost five hundred thousand coins, and in Chang'an people were eating one another. The emperor ordered Palace Attendant Hou Wen to distribute grain and beans from the imperial granary and cook porridge for the destitute—but the starving died just the same. Suspecting fraud, the emperor had five liters of grain and five liters of beans brought before him and cooked into porridge himself—it yielded only two bowls. He had Wen flogged fifty strokes; from then on every ration was delivered in full and the people were saved.

24

16八月，馮翊羌寇屬縣，郭汜、樊稠等率眾破之。

In the eighth month, Qiang raiders from Fengyi attacked outlying counties. Guo Si, Fan Chou, and others took the field and routed them.

25

17呂布有別屯在濮陽西，曹操夜襲破之，未及還。會布至，身自搏戰，自旦至日，數十合，相持甚急。操募人陷陣，司馬陳留典韋將應募者進當之，布弓弩亂髮，矢至如雨。韋不視，謂等人曰：「虜來十步，乃白之。」等人曰：「十步矣。」又曰：「五步乃白。」等人懼，疾言「虜至矣！」韋持戟大呼而起，所抵無不應手倒者，布眾退。會日暮，操乃得引去。拜韋都尉，令常將親兵數百人，繞大帳左右。

Lü Bu maintained a separate camp west of Puyang. Cao Cao made a night attack and smashed it but had not yet withdrawn. Lü Bu arrived in person and took the field himself. From dawn until dusk they clashed dozens of times, locked in a desperate standoff. Cao Cao called for volunteers to punch through the enemy line. Major Dian Wei of Chenliu led the recruits forward. Lü Bu's archers poured arrows down until their hair was tangled with bowstrings; shafts fell like rain. Wei never glanced up. He told his men, "Wait until the enemy is ten paces away—then tell me." They said, "Ten paces!" He said, "Not until five paces." Terrified, they shouted, "They're on us!" Wei seized his halberd, roared, and sprang forward. Every man he struck went down at once, and Lü Bu's forces fell back. At dusk Cao Cao was finally able to pull his forces out. Cao Cao appointed Dian Wei Commandant and posted several hundred elite guards under his command around the headquarters tent.

26

濮陽大姓田氏為反間，操得入城，燒其東門，示無反意。及戰，軍敗，布騎得操而不識，問曰：「曹操何在？」操曰：「乘黃馬走者是也。」布騎乃釋操而追黃馬者。操突火而出，至營，自力勞軍，令軍中促為攻具，進，復攻之，與布相守百餘日。蝗蟲起，百姓大餓，布糧食亦盡，各引去。九月，操還鄄城。布到乘氏，為其縣人李進所破，東屯山陽。

The powerful Tian clan of Puyang worked as a double agent for Cao Cao, letting him into the city. He burned the east gate to signal that he had no intent to rebel. In the fighting Cao Cao's army was beaten. Lü Bu's horsemen seized a man they did not recognize and demanded, "Where is Cao Cao?" Cao Cao pointed and said, "The man fleeing on the yellow horse—that's Cao Cao." They released him and galloped after the rider on the yellow horse. Cao Cao burst through the flames, reached camp, and rallied the troops himself. He ordered siege equipment built at once and pressed the attack again. He and Lü Bu remained deadlocked for more than a hundred days. Locusts swarmed; famine gripped the countryside; Lü Bu's supplies ran out. Both armies broke off. In the ninth month Cao Cao withdrew to Juancheng. Lü Bu withdrew to Chengshi, where he was beaten by Li Jin of that county, then moved east to encamp at Shanyang.

27

冬，十月，操至東阿。袁紹使人說操，欲使操遣家居鄴。操新失兗州，軍食盡，將許之，程昱曰：「意者將軍殆臨事而懼，不然，何慮之不深也！夫袁紹有併天下之心，而智不能濟也；將軍自度能為之下乎？將軍以龍虎之威，可為之韓、彭邪！今兗州雖殘，尚有三城，能戰之士，不下萬人，以將軍之神武，與文若、昱等收而用之，霸王之業可成也，願將軍更慮之！」操乃止。

In winter, in the tenth month, Cao Cao marched to Dong'e. Yuan Shao sent envoys urging Cao Cao to send his household to live at Ye. Freshly stripped of Yan Province and out of provisions, Cao Cao was ready to agree when Cheng Yu protested, "General, you seem frightened by the crisis at hand—otherwise why would you think so shallowly? Yuan Shao means to swallow the empire whole, but his talents cannot finish the job; do you really think you can bow to him? With your own dragon-and-tiger prowess, would you settle for being his Han Xin or Peng Yue? Yan Province may be in ruins, but three cities still hold, and more than ten thousand seasoned fighters remain. With your own prowess—and Xun Yu, myself, and the others to rally them—a hegemon's foundation can still be laid. Think again, General!" Cao Cao changed his mind.

28

18十二月，司徒淳于嘉罷，以衛尉趙溫為司徒，錄尚書事。

In the twelfth month, Chunyu Jia was dismissed as Minister over the Masses; Zhao Wen, Guard Commandant, was appointed in his place with oversight of the Masters of Writing.

29

19馬騰之攻李傕也，劉焉二子範、誕皆死。議郎河南龐羲，素與焉善，乃募將焉諸孫入蜀。會天火燒城，焉徙治成都，疽發背而卒。州大吏趙韙等貪焉子璋溫仁，共上璋為益州刺史，詔拜潁川扈瑁為刺史。璋將沈彌、婁發、甘寧反，擊璋，不勝，走入荊州；詔乃以璋為益州牧。璋以韙為征東中郎將，率眾擊劉表，屯朐*[月忍]*。

When Ma Teng attacked Li Jue, Liu Yan's two sons Fan and Dan both perished. Pang Xi of Henan, a Gentleman Consultant who had long been close to Liu Yan, then recruited Yan's grandsons to come into Shu. A fire from heaven burned the capital; Yan relocated his seat of government to Chengdu, but a carbuncle broke out on his back and he died. Senior provincial officials led by Zhao Wei, taken with Liu Zhang's mild and benevolent character, jointly recommended him as Inspector of Yi Province—but the court appointed Hu Mao of Yingchuan instead. Liu Zhang's officers Shen Mi, Lou Fa, and Gan Ning rose in revolt against him, were defeated, and fled into Jing Province; whereupon an edict confirmed Liu Zhang as Governor of Yi Province. Liu Zhang made Zhao Wei General of the Household Who Conquers the East and sent him against Liu Biao, camped at Qurén.

30

20徐州牧陶謙疾篤，謂別駕東海麋竺曰：「非劉備不能安此州也。」謙卒，竺率州人迎備。備未敢當，曰：「袁公路近在壽春，〔此君四世五公，海內所歸〕，君可以州與之。」典農校尉下邳陳登曰：「公路驕豪，非治亂之主。今欲為使君合步騎十萬，上可以匡主濟民，下可以割地守境；若使君不見聽許，登亦未敢聽使君也。」北海相孔融謂備曰：「袁公路豈憂國忘家者邪！塚中枯骨，何足介意！今日之事，百姓與能。天與不取，悔不可追。」備遂領徐州。

Governor Tao Qian of Xu Province lay gravely ill. He told his Chancellor Mi Zhu of Donghai, "Only Liu Bei can hold this province." When Qian died, Mi Zhu rallied the province to receive Liu Bei. Give the province to him instead."⁵ Chen Deng, Agricultural Commandant of Xiapi, replied, "Yuan Shu is arrogant and violent—not a man to restore order. Let me raise a hundred thousand foot and horse for you, my lord—enough to aid the throne and the people from above, and to hold your own ground below; if you refuse, then I cannot follow you either." Kong Rong, Chancellor of Beihai, told Liu Bei, "Since when is Yuan Shu a patriot! Bones in a tomb—why should you care about them! What matters today is the will of the people and the worthiness of the man. Heaven offers and you refuse—you will regret it forever." Liu Bei accepted and assumed command of Xu Province.

31

21初，太傅馬日磾與趙岐俱奉使至壽春，岐守志不橈，袁術憚之。日磾頗有求於術。術侵侮之，從日磾借節視之，因奪不還，條軍中十餘人，使促辟之。日磾從術求去，術留不遣，又欲逼為軍師。日磾病其失節，嘔血而死。

Earlier, Grand Tutor Ma Midi and Zhao Qi had both been sent as envoys to Shouchun. Zhao Qi stood firm and would not yield, and Yuan Shu feared him. Ma Midi, by contrast, had curried favor with Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu bullied him, borrowed and inspected his credential of office, then seized it and refused to return it. He named more than ten officers and ordered them to press Ma Midi into service. Ma Midi asked leave to depart; Yuan Shu kept him and also tried to appoint him military adviser. Disgraced at the loss of his integrity, Ma Midi spat blood and died.

32

22初，孫堅娶錢唐吳氏，生四男策、權、翊、匡及一女。堅從軍於外，留家壽春。策年十餘歲，已交結知名。舒人周瑜與策同年，亦英達夙成。聞策聲問，自舒來造焉，便推結分好，勸策徙居舒；策從之。瑜乃推道南大宅與策，升堂拜母，有無通共。及堅死，策年十七，還葬曲阿；已乃渡江，居江都，結納豪俊，有復仇之志。

Sun Jian had married Lady Wu of Qiantang, who bore him four sons—Ce, Quan, Yi, and Kuang—and one daughter. Jian served on distant campaigns and left his family at Shouchun. Sun Ce was barely in his teens and had already befriended notable men. Zhou Yu of Shu, the same age as Sun Ce, was likewise precocious and gifted. Hearing Sun Ce's name, Zhou Yu traveled from Shu to meet him. The two bonded at once; Zhou Yu urged Ce to move his household to Shu; Sun Ce agreed. Zhou Yu gave Sun Ce his fine mansion on the south side of the road. They entered the hall and bowed to each other's mothers, sharing everything they had. When Sun Jian died, Sun Ce was seventeen. He returned to bury his father at Qu'e; then he crossed the Yangtze, settled at Jiangdu, rallied bold men, and nursed a vow of vengeance.

33

丹陽太守會稽周昕與袁術相惡，術上策舅吳景領丹陽太守，攻昕，奪其郡，以策從兄賁為丹陽都尉。策以母弟託廣陵張紘，逕到壽春見袁術。涕泣言曰：「亡父昔從長沙入討董卓，與明使君會於南陽，同盟結好，不幸遇難，勳業不終。策感惟先人舊恩，欲自憑結，願明使君垂察其城！」術甚奇之，然未肯還其父兵，謂策曰：「孤用貴舅為丹陽太守，賢從伯陽為都尉，彼精兵之地，可還依召募。」策遂與汝南呂範及族人孫河迎其母詣曲阿，依舅氏。因緣召募，得數百人，而為涇縣大帥祖郎所襲，幾至危殆。於是復往見術。術以堅餘兵千餘人還策，表拜懷義校尉。策騎士有罪，逃入術營，隱於內廄。策指使人就斬之，訖，詣術謝。術曰：「兵人好叛，當共疾之，何為謝也！」由是軍中益畏憚之。術初許以策為九江太守，已而更用丹陽陳紀。後術欲攻徐州，從廬江太守陸康求米三萬斛；康不與。術大怒，遣策攻康，謂曰：「前錯用陳紀，每恨本意不遂。今若得康，廬江真卿有也。」策攻康，拔之，術復用其故吏劉勳為太守；策益失望。

Zhou Xin, Administrator of Danyang in Kuaiji, was at odds with Yuan Shu. Shu installed Sun Ce's uncle Wu Jing as Administrator of Danyang; they attacked Xin, seized the commandery, and made Ce's cousin Sun Ben Commandant of Danyang. Sun Ce left his mother and younger brother in Zhang Hong's care in Guangling and went straight to Shouchun to see Yuan Shu. In tears he said, "My dead father marched from Changsha against Dong Zhuo and met Your Illustrious Lordship at Nanyang. You swore alliance and friendship—but disaster struck, and his great work was left unfinished. Moved by my father's old bond with you, I come seeking your patronage—I beg you to look upon me with sincere regard!" Yuan Shu was greatly impressed but would not yet return his father's troops. He told Sun Ce, "I have placed your uncle Wu Jing in Danyang and your cousin Sun Ben as commandant—that is prime recruiting country. Go back and raise men there." Sun Ce went with Lü Fan of Runan and his kinsman Sun He to fetch his mother to Qu'e and stayed with his uncle's household. He began recruiting and gathered several hundred men, but Zu Lang, a bandit chief of Jing county, ambushed him and nearly killed him. He returned to Yuan Shu again. Yuan Shu restored more than a thousand of Sun Jian's old soldiers to Sun Ce and recommended him as Colonel Who Cherishes Righteousness. One of Sun Ce's horsemen committed a crime, fled into Yuan Shu's camp, and hid in the stable. Sun Ce sent men to cut him down, then went to Yuan Shu to apologize. Yuan Shu said, "Soldiers desert—we should hate it together. Why apologize?" From that moment his troops feared him all the more. Yuan Shu had first promised Sun Ce the post of Administrator of Jiujiang, then gave it to Chen Ji of Danyang instead. Later, planning an attack on Xu Province, Yuan Shu asked Lu Kang, Administrator of Lujiang, for thirty thousand bushels of grain; Lu Kang refused. Furious, Yuan Shu sent Sun Ce against Lu Kang and told him, "I misused Chen Ji before—that still rankles. Take Lu Kang, and Lujiang is truly yours." Sun Ce captured Lu Kang—but Yuan Shu installed his old officer Liu Xun as administrator instead; Sun Ce's disillusion grew.

34

侍御史劉繇，岱之弟也，素有盛名，詔書用為揚州刺史。州舊治壽春，術已據之，繇欲南渡江，吳景、孫賁迎置曲阿。及策攻廬江，繇聞之，以景、賁本術所置，懼為袁、孫所併，遂構嫌隙，迫逐景、賁。景、賁退屯歷陽。繇遣將樊能、于糜屯橫江，張英屯當利口以拒之。術乃自用故吏惠衢為揚州刺史，以景為督軍中郎將，與賁共將兵擊英等。

Palace Attendant Liu Yao, younger brother of Liu Dai, was already renowned; the court appointed him Inspector of Yang Province. The provincial capital had been Shouchun, now held by Yuan Shu. Liu Yao planned to cross the Yangtze; Wu Jing and Sun Ben received him and established him at Qu'e. When Sun Ce attacked Lujiang, Liu Yao learned that Wu Jing and Sun Ben had been Yuan Shu's appointees. Fearing annexation by Yuan Shu and Sun Ce together, he turned hostile and drove them out. Wu Jing and Sun Ben withdrew to Liyang. Liu Yao posted Fan Neng and Yu Mi at Hengjiang and Zhang Ying at Danglikou to block them. Yuan Shu named his old officer Hui Qu Inspector of Yang Province, made Wu Jing General Who Oversees the Army, and sent him with Sun Ben against Zhang Ying and the others.

35

1春，正月，癸丑，赦天下。

In spring, in the first month, on guichou day, the emperor proclaimed a general amnesty.

36

2曹操敗呂布於定陶。

Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu at Dingtao.

37

3詔即拜袁紹為右將軍。

By edict Yuan Shao was at once appointed General of the Right.

38

4董卓初死，三輔民尚數十萬戶，李傕等放兵劫略，加以饑饉，二年間，民相食略盡。李傕、郭汜、樊稠各相與矜功爭權，欲鬥者數矣，賈詡每以大體責之，雖內不能善，外相含容。

After Dong Zhuo's death the Three Adjuncts still held several hundred thousand households. Li Jue and his faction unleashed their troops to plunder, and famine followed. Within two years cannibalism had nearly wiped the populace out. Li Jue, Guo Si, and Fan Chou each vaunted his own achievements and wrestled for power; more than once they nearly came to blows. Jia Xu repeatedly rebuked them in the name of the greater interest. Though they could not truly reconcile, they maintained an outward show of forbearance.

39

樊稠之擊馬騰、韓遂也，李利戰不甚力，稠叱之曰：「人欲截汝父頭，何敢如此！我不能斬卿邪！」及騰、遂敗走，稠追至陳倉，遂語稠曰：「本所爭者非私怨，王家事耳。與足下州里人，欲相與善語而別。」乃俱卻騎，前接馬，交臂相加，共語良久而別。軍還，李利告傕：「韓、樊交馬語，不知所道，意愛甚密。」傕亦以稠勇而得眾，忌之。稠欲將兵東出關，從傕索益兵。二月，傕請稠會議，便於坐殺稠。由是諸將轉相疑貳。

When Fan Chou fought Ma Teng and Han Sui, his nephew Li Li held back in battle. Fan Chou berated him: "They mean to cut off your father's head—and you fight like this? Do you think I cannot strike off your head?" When Ma Teng and Han Sui broke and fled, Fan Chou pursued them to Chencang. Han Sui said to him: "Our quarrel was never personal—it was service to the throne. We are countrymen. Let us speak as friends and part." Both men reined in, rode forward, met hand to hand, and clasped arms. They talked at length before going their separate ways. On the army's return Li Li reported to Li Jue: "Han Sui and Fan Chou met and spoke face to face—I cannot say what passed between them, but they seemed on the closest terms. Li Jue, for his part, envied Fan Chou's bravery and the loyalty of his troops. Fan Chou wanted to lead his forces east out of the pass and asked Li Jue for reinforcements. In the second month Li Jue invited Fan Chou to a council and had him slain on the spot. From that point the generals grew mutually suspicious and began to divide among themselves.

40

傕數設酒請郭汜，或留汜止宿。汜妻恐汜愛傕婢妾，思有以間之。會傕送饋，妻以豉為藥，擿以示汜曰：「一棲不兩雄，我固疑將軍信李公也。」他日，傕復請汜，飲大醉，汜疑其有毒，絞糞汁飲之，於是各治兵相攻矣。

Li Jue repeatedly feasted Guo Si and sometimes kept him overnight. Guo Si's wife feared he might grow fond of Li Jue's maids and concubines, and looked for a way to turn them against each other. When Li Jue sent a gift of food, she picked out the fermented beans, showed them to Guo Si, and said: "Two roosters cannot share one perch—I have long suspected you are too close to Li Jue. On another occasion Li Jue invited him again. Guo Si drank himself insensible, then fearing poison forced down a draught of strained dung-water as an antidote. After that both sides mobilized for war.

41

帝使侍中、尚書和傕、汜，傕、汜不從。汜謀迎帝幸其營，夜有亡者。告傕。三月，丙寅，傕使兄子暹將數千兵圍宮，以車三乘迎帝。太尉楊彪曰：「自古帝王無在人家者，諸君舉事，奈何如是！」暹曰：「將軍計定矣。」於是君臣步從乘輿以出，兵即入殿中，掠宮人、御物。帝至傕營，傕又徙御府金帛置其營，遂放火燒宮殿、官府、民居悉盡。帝復使公卿和傕、汜，汜留楊彪及司空張喜、尚書王隆、光祿勳劉淵、衛尉士孫瑞、太僕韓融、廷尉宣璠、大鴻臚榮郃、大司農朱儁、將作大匠梁邵、屯騎校尉姜宣等於其營為質。朱儁憤懣發病死。

The emperor dispatched Palace Attendants and Masters of Writing to mediate between Li Jue and Guo Si; neither would listen. Guo Si plotted to bring the emperor to his camp. That night someone deserted. The deserter informed Li Jue. In the third month, on bingyin day, Li Jue sent his nephew Li Xian with several thousand troops to surround the palace and escort the emperor away in three carriages. Grand Commandant Yang Biao protested: "Never in history has an emperor lived as a guest in another man's house. Gentlemen, is this how you conduct your affairs?" Li Xian replied, "My uncle's decision stands. Emperor and court then walked out behind the imperial carriage. Li Jue's troops at once entered the palace halls and looted the women of the harem and the imperial stores. When the emperor reached Li Jue's camp, Li Jue moved the imperial gold and silk into his own quarters, then set fire and burned the palaces, government offices, and private dwellings to ash. The emperor again sent the chief ministers to mediate. Guo Si kept Yang Biao, Zhang Xi, Wang Long, Liu Yuan, Sun Rui, Han Rong, Xuan Fan, Rong He, Zhu Jun, Liang Shao, Jiang Xuan, and others as hostages in his camp. Zhu Jun died of illness brought on by rage and grief.

42

5夏，四月，甲〔午〕( 子) 子) 是年四月壬申朔，無甲子。據《後漢書．獻帝紀》及《後漢紀》，均作甲午，為農曆二十三日，據改。，立貴人琅邪伏氏為皇后；以后父侍中完為執金吾。

In summer, in the fourth month, on jia [wu] day ( jiazi) jiazi) In this year the fourth month begins on renshen; there is no jiazi day. The Annals of Emperor Xian in the Book of Later Han and the Annals of Later Han both read jiawu, the twenty-third day of the month; the text is amended accordingly. —the Honored Lady Fu of Langya was made empress; and her father, Palace Attendant Fu Wan, was appointed Bearer of the Mace.

43

6郭汜饗公卿，議政李傕。楊彪曰：「群臣共鬥，一人劫天子，一人質公卿，可行乎！」汜怒，欲手刃之。彪曰：「卿尚不奉國家，吾豈求生邪！」中郎將楊密固諫，汜乃止。傕召羌、胡數千人，先以御物繒絲采與之，許以宮人、婦女，欲令攻郭汜。汜陰與傕黨中郎將張苞等謀攻傕。丙申，汜將兵夜攻傕門，矢及帝簾帷中，又貫傕左耳。苞等燒屋，火不然。楊奉於外拒汜，汜兵退，苞等因將所領兵歸汜。

Guo Si entertained the chief ministers and debated policy against Li Jue. Yang Biao said: "The court is torn by feuding ministers—one faction holds the emperor hostage, another holds the chief ministers hostage. How can this continue? Guo Si flew into a rage and meant to cut him down where he stood. Yang Biao answered: "If you will not serve the realm, do you think I care to save my own life? Palace Gentleman Yang Mi interposed firmly, and Guo Si stayed his hand. Li Jue called up several thousand Qiang and Hu warriors, paid them with imperial silks and brocades, and promised palace women as reward if they would attack Guo Si. Guo Si secretly plotted with Zhang Bao and other officers of Li Jue's faction to strike Li Jue. On bingchen day Guo Si attacked Li Jue's gates by night. Arrows flew into the emperor's pavilion; one pierced Li Jue's left ear. Zhang Bao and his men tried to burn the buildings, but the fires would not take. Yang Feng held Guo Si off from outside. Guo Si's force fell back, and Zhang Bao and his men took their troops over to Guo Si's side.

44

是日，傕復移乘輿境北塢，使校尉監塢門，內外隔絕，侍臣皆有飢色。帝求米五斗、牛骨五具以賜左右。傕曰：「朝晡上飯，何用米為？」乃以臭牛骨與之。帝大怒，欲詰責之。侍中楊琦諫曰：「傕自知所犯悖逆，欲轉車駕幸池陽黃白城，臣願陛下忍之。」帝乃止。司徒趙溫與傕書曰：「公前屠陷王城，殺戮大臣，今爭睚眥之隙，以成千鈞之仇。朝廷欲令和解，詔命不行，而復欲轉乘輿於黃白城，此誠老夫所不解也。於《易》，一為過，再為涉，三而弗改，滅其頂，凶。不如早共和解。」傕大怒，欲殺溫，其弟應諫之，數日乃止。

That same day Li Jue moved the imperial carriage to a fortified compound north of the capital, posted guards at its gate, and cut the court off from the outside world. The attendants were hollow-cheeked with hunger. The emperor asked for five pecks of grain and five sets of ox bones to give his attendants. Li Jue replied: "You get meals morning and evening—what do you need grain for? He sent them rotting ox bones instead. The emperor was furious and meant to denounce him openly. Palace Attendant Yang Qi urged restraint: "Li Jue knows he has crossed every line. He may yet move the court to Huangbai City in Chiyang. Your Majesty, I beg you to bear with this for now. The emperor held his tongue. Minister over the Masses Zhao Wen wrote Li Jue: "You sacked the capital and butchered the great ministers. Now you nurse a trifling grudge into a feud that threatens the whole realm. The court has ordered reconciliation, yet your edicts go unheeded and you would move the emperor again to Huangbai City. An old man like me cannot fathom it. The Book of Changes says: the first offense is a mistake, the second a transgression, the third unrepented brings ruin upon the head—misfortune. Reconcile now, while you still can." Li Jue raged and wanted Zhao Wen killed. His brother dissuaded him, and after several days Li Jue relented.

45

傕信巫覡厭勝之術，常以三牲祠董卓於省門外。每對帝或言「明陛下」，或言「明帝」，為帝說郭汜無狀，帝亦隨其意應答之。傕喜，自謂良得天子歡心也。

Li Jue put his faith in sorcery and regularly offered the three sacrificial beasts to Dong Zhuo outside the palace gate. When he spoke with the emperor he addressed him as "Your Illustrious Majesty" or "Illustrious Emperor," vilified Guo Si, and the emperor answered as Li Jue wished. Li Jue was pleased, believing he had truly won the emperor's affection.

46

閏月，己卯，帝使竭者僕射皇甫酈和傕、汜。酈先詣汜，汜從命；又詣人鶴，傕不肯，曰：「郭多，盜馬虜耳，何敢欲與吾等邪！必誅之！君觀吾方略士眾，足辦郭多否邪？郭多又劫質公卿，所為如是，而君苟欲左右之邪？」酈曰：「近者董公之強，將軍所知也；呂布受恩而反圖之，斯須之間，身首異處，此有勇而無謀也。今將軍身為上將，荷國寵榮，汜質公卿而將軍脅主，誰輕重乎！張濟與汜有謀，楊奉，白波賊帥耳，猶知將軍所為非是，將軍雖寵之，猶不為用也。」傕呵之令出。酈出，詣省門，白「傕不肯奉詔，辭語不順。」帝恐傕聞之，亟令酈去。傕遣虎賁王昌呼，欲殺之，昌知酈忠直，縱令去，還答傕，言「追之不及」。

In the intercalary month, on jimao day, the emperor sent Bearer of the Staff Huangfu Li to mediate between Li Jue and Guo Si. Huangfu Li went first to Guo Si, who agreed to negotiate; Then he went to Li Jue, who refused and said: "Guo Duo is a mere horse-thieving savage—how dare he presume to stand equal with us! He must die! Look at my forces and my plans—are they not enough to finish off Guo Duo? Guo Si holds the chief ministers hostage and behaves as he does—and you would still take his side?" Huangfu Li replied: "You know yourself how powerful Dong Zhuo once was; Lü Bu owed him everything, then turned on him—in an instant head and body lay apart. Courage without wisdom. You are the senior general, showered with imperial favor. Guo Si holds the ministers hostage; you hold the emperor. Which of you weighs heavier in guilt? Zhang Ji conspires with Guo Si. Yang Feng is only a White Wave bandit chief—yet even he knows what you do is wrong. Favor them as you may, they will not truly serve you." Li Jue bellowed at him to get out. Huangfu Li left and at the palace gate reported: "Li Jue refuses the imperial command and speaks defiantly. Fearing Li Jue would overhear, the emperor hurried Huangfu Li away. “Li Jue sent his guard Wang Chang to fetch Huangfu Li and kill him. Wang Chang, knowing Huangfu Li's integrity, let him escape and told Li Jue he could not catch him.”

47

辛巳，以車騎將軍李傕為大司馬，在三公之右。

On xinsi day Li Jue, General of Chariots and Cavalry, was appointed Grand Marshal, ranking above the Three Ducal Ministers.

48

7呂布將薛蘭、李封屯巨野，曹操攻之，布救蘭等，不勝而走，操遂斬蘭等。操軍乘氏，以陶謙已死。欲遂取徐州，還乃定布。荀彧曰：「昔高祖保關中，光武據河內，皆深根固本以制天下，進足以勝敵，退足以堅守，故雖有困敗而終濟大業。將軍本以兗州首事，平山東之難，百姓無不歸心悅服。且河、濟，天下之要地也，今雖殘壞，猶易以自保，是亦將軍之關中、河內也，不可以不先定。今已破李封、薛蘭，若分兵東擊陳宮，宮必不敢西顧，以其間〔勒兵〕收熟麥，約食畜穀，一舉而布可破也。破布，然後南結揚州，共討袁術，以臨淮、泗。若捨布而東，多留兵則不足用，少留兵則民皆保城，不得樵采，布乘虛寇暴，民心益危，唯〔鄄〕( 甄) 城、范、〔東阿〕( 衛) 可全甄) 城、范、〔東阿〕( 衛) 可全據前文興平元年第6段改。，其餘非己之有，是無兗州也。若徐州不定，將軍當安所歸乎！且陶謙雖死，徐州未易亡也。彼懲往年之敗，將懼而結親，相為表裡。今東方皆已收表，必堅壁清野以待將軍，攻之不拔，略之無獲，不出十日，則十萬之眾，未戰而先自困耳。前討徐州，威罰實行，其子弟念父兄之恥，必人自為守，無降心，就能破之，尚不可有也。夫事〔固〕( 故) 有棄此取彼者故) 有棄此取彼者據章注及《魏志．荀彧傳》改。固，原來、一向也。，以大易小可也，以安易危可也，權一時之勢，不患本之不固可也。今三者莫利，惟將軍熟慮之。」操乃止。布復從東緡與陳宮將萬餘人來戰，操兵皆出收麥，在者不能千人，屯營不固。屯西有大堤，其南樹木幽深，操隱兵堤裡，出半兵堤外。布益進，乃令輕兵挑戰，既合，伏兵乃悉乘堤，步騎並〔進〕( 追) 追) 據章注及《魏志．武帝紀》注引王沈《魏書》改。，大破之，追至其營而還。布夜走，操復攻拔定陶，分兵平諸縣。布東奔劉備，張邈從布，使其弟超將家屬保雍兵。

Lü Bu's generals Xue Lan and Li Feng held Juye. Cao Cao attacked; Lü Bu came to their relief but was driven off, and Cao Cao executed Xue Lan and Li Feng. Cao Cao halted at Shengshi. Tao Qian had died, and he meant to seize Xu Province at once, then return to finish off Lü Bu. Xun Yu said: "The High Ancestor secured Guanzhong; Emperor Guangwu held Henei—each planted deep roots before he mastered the realm. Strong enough to advance and win, secure enough to retreat and hold, they weathered defeat and still achieved the great work. You raised your banner in Yan Province and pacified the lands east of the mountains. The people look to you with loyal hearts. The Yellow River and the Ji region are the heartland of the realm. Though wasted now, you can still hold them—they are your Guanzhong and Henei. You must secure them first. —live on short rations, store grain, and Lü Bu can be crushed in a single stroke.⁶ Once Lü Bu is gone, ally with Yang Province to the south, join in attacking Yuan Shu, and press toward the Huai and Si rivers. If you leave Lü Bu and march east, a large garrison leaves too few men for the campaign, but a small garrison lets the people flee behind city walls with no one to gather fuel or fodder. Lü Bu will raid at will and the people's loyalty will fail. Only [Yan] ( Zhen) city, Fan, [Dong'e] ( Wei) Zhen)⁷ city, Fan, [Dong'e] ( Wei) can be held amended per paragraph 6, year 1 of Xingping, in the text above. —the rest would no longer be yours. You would lose Yan Province entirely. If you fail to take Xu Province, where will you have to go? Even with Tao Qian dead, Xu Province will not fall easily. Chastened by your past defeat there, they will fear you and make common cause, backing one another. The east has already brought in the harvest. They will empty the countryside and hold their walls against you. Sieges will fail; raids will yield nothing. Within ten days your army of a hundred thousand will collapse from exhaustion before a blow is struck. Your last campaign in Xu Province was a reign of terror. Sons and brothers remember their fathers' and elder kinsmen's shame. Every man will fight for himself; none will submit. Even if you win, you cannot hold the land. In affairs [originally] ( therefore) therefore)⁸ The phrase "there are those who abandon this to take that" was emended per Zhang's commentary and the Biography of Xun Yu in Records of Wei. Gu means "always" or "as a matter of course." —one may trade the greater for the lesser, safety for risk, and weigh present advantage without worrying whether the foundation holds. None of these three courses serves your interest, General. Weigh them carefully." Cao Cao abandoned the plan. Lü Bu marched again from Dongmin with Chen Gong and more than ten thousand men. Cao Cao's soldiers were all out harvesting wheat; fewer than a thousand remained, and the camp was poorly defended. West of the camp stood a great embankment, with dense woods to the south. Cao Cao hid his men behind the dike and posted half his force in front of it. Lü Bu pressed his attack. Cao Cao sent light troops to skirmish; when the lines met, the hidden force surged onto the embankment, and foot and horse together [advanced] ( pursued) pursued) Emended per Zhang's commentary and the commentary to the Basic Annals of Emperor Wu in Records of Wei, citing Wang Shen's Book of Wei. , crushing them completely. He pursued to their camp and withdrew. Lü Bu fled by night. Cao Cao took Dingtao and sent detachments to pacify the surrounding counties. Lü Bu fled east to Liu Bei. Zhang Miao went with him and sent his younger brother Chao to protect the family at Yong with an armed guard.

49

布初見備，甚尊敬之，謂備曰：「我與卿同邊地人也！布見關東起兵，欲誅董卓。布殺卓東出，關東諸將無安布者，皆欲殺布耳。」請備於帳中，坐婦床上，令婦向拜，酌酒飲食，名備為弟。備見布語言無常，外然之而內不悅。

When Lü Bu first met Liu Bei, he treated him with great respect and said, "You and I are both men of the frontier! I saw the lords east of the passes raise armies to destroy Dong Zhuo. I killed Zhuo and came east, yet not one of those eastern generals would shelter me—they all wanted me dead." He invited Liu Bei into his tent, sat on his wife's bed, had his wife bow to him, poured wine, and shared a meal, calling Liu Bei "younger brother." Liu Bei found Lü Bu's words unstable and unserious. He agreed outwardly but was displeased within.

50

8李傕、郭汜相攻連月，死者以萬數。六月，傕將楊奉謀殺傕，事泄，遂將兵叛傕，傕眾稍衰。庚午，鎮東將軍張濟自陝至，欲和傕、汜，遷乘輿權幸弘農。帝亦思舊京，遣使宣諭，十反，汜、傕許和，欲質其愛子。傕妻愛其男，和計未定，而羌、胡數來窺省門，曰：「天子在此中邪！李將軍許我宮人，今皆何在？」帝患之，使侍中劉艾謂宣義將軍賈詡曰：「卿前奉職公忠，故仍升榮寵；今羌、胡滿路，宜思方略。」詡乃召羌、胡大帥飲食之，許以封賞，羌、胡皆引去，傕由此單弱。於是復有言和解之計者，傕乃從之，各以女為質。

Li Jue and Guo Si fought each other for months on end, and the dead numbered in the tens of thousands. In the sixth month, Yang Feng, an officer under Li Jue, plotted to kill his commander. When the plot leaked, he led his troops in revolt, and Li Jue's strength began to fail. , Zhang Ji, General Who Pacifies the East, arrived from Shaan intending to reconcile Li Jue and Guo Si and move the imperial carriage temporarily to Hongnong.⁹ The emperor too longed for the old capital. Envoys went back and forth ten times before Guo Si and Li Jue agreed to peace, each demanding the other's beloved son as hostage. Li Jue's wife doted on her son, and the peace plan stalled. Meanwhile Qiang and Hu tribesmen kept peering in at the palace gates, shouting, "Is the Son of Heaven in there?! General Li promised us palace women—where are they now?" The emperor was alarmed. He sent Palace Attendant Liu Ai to tell Jia Xu, General Who Promotes Righteousness: "You served the throne with loyal devotion, and for that you were raised to high rank; now Qiang and Hu throng the roads. You must find a way to deal with them." Jia Xu summoned the Qiang and Hu chieftains, feasted them, and promised titles and rewards. They all withdrew, and Li Jue was left isolated and weakened. Then others again urged reconciliation. Li Jue agreed, and the two sides exchanged daughters as hostages.

51

秋，七月，甲子，車駕出宣平門，當渡橋，汜兵數百人遮橋曰：「此天子非也？」車不得前。傕兵數百人，皆持大戟在乘輿車前，兵欲交，侍中劉艾大呼曰：「是天子也！」使侍中楊琦高舉車帷，帝曰：「諸君何敢迫近至尊邪？」汜兵乃卻。既渡橋，士眾皆稱萬歲。夜到霸陵，從者皆飢，張濟賦給各有差。傕出屯池陽。

, the imperial carriage left through Xuancheng Gate and was about to cross the bridge when several hundred of Guo Si's soldiers barred the way, crying, "Is this really the Son of Heaven?"¹⁰ The carriage could not move forward. Several hundred of Li Jue's men stood before the carriage with great halberds raised. As the two sides were about to clash, Palace Attendant Liu Ai shouted, "It is the Son of Heaven!" He had Palace Attendant Yang Qi lift the carriage curtain high. The emperor said, "How dare you crowd so close upon your sovereign?!" Guo Si's soldiers then fell back. Once the bridge was crossed, officers and soldiers alike shouted, "Long live the emperor!" They reached Baling that night. The escort was starving, and Zhang Ji distributed provisions according to rank. Li Jue withdrew to camp at Chiyang.

52

丙寅，以張濟為驃騎將軍，開府如三公；郭汜為車騎將軍，楊定為後將軍，楊奉為興義將軍。皆封列侯。又以故牛輔部曲董承為安集將軍。郭汜欲令車駕幸高陵，公卿及濟以為宜幸弘農，大會議之，不決。帝遣使諭汜曰：「弘農近郊廟，勿有疑也。」汜不從。帝遂終日不食。汜聞之曰：「可且幸近縣。」八月，甲辰，車駕幸新豐。丙子，郭汜復謀脅帝還都郿，侍中种輯知之，密告楊定、董承、楊奉令會新豐。郭汜自知謀泄，乃棄軍入南山。

, Zhang Ji was appointed Bearer of the Left Hunt General with ministerial rank equal to the Three Ducal Ministers;¹¹ Guo Si became Chariot and Cavalry General; Yang Ding, Rear General; and Yang Feng, General Who Promotes Righteousness. All were enfeoffed as full marquises. Dong Cheng, formerly an officer under Niu Fu, was also made General Who Pacifies and Settles. Guo Si wanted the emperor to go to Gaoling, while the chief ministers and Zhang Ji argued for Hongnong. A full council was held, but no decision was reached. The emperor sent an envoy to tell Guo Si, "Hongnong lies near the imperial shrines. Have no misgivings." Guo Si refused. The emperor then fasted for the entire day. When Guo Si heard of this, he said, "Very well—let the emperor go to a nearby county for the time being." In the eighth month, on jiachen day, the imperial carriage went to Xinfeng. , Guo Si again plotted to force the emperor back to the old capital at Mei. Palace Attendant Chong Ji learned of it and secretly warned Yang Ding, Dong Cheng, and Yang Feng to gather at Xinfeng.¹² Guo Si, realizing his plot was exposed, abandoned his troops and fled into the South Mountains.

53

9曹操圍雍丘，張邈詣袁術求救，未至，為其下所殺。

Cao Cao besieged Yongqiu. Zhang Miao went to Yuan Shu to beg for aid but was killed by his own men before he arrived.

54

10冬，十月，以曹操為兗州牧。

In winter, in the tenth month, Cao Cao was appointed Governor of Yan Province.

55

11戊戌，郭汜黨夏育、高碩等謀脅乘輿西行。侍中劉艾見火起不止，請帝出幸一營以避火。楊定、董承將兵迎天子幸楊奉營，夏育等勒兵欲止乘輿，楊定、楊奉力戰，破之，乃得出。壬寅，行幸華陰。

On wuxu day, Xia Yu, Gao Shuo, and other partisans of Guo Si plotted to force the imperial carriage westward. Palace Attendant Liu Ai, seeing fires breaking out everywhere, urged the emperor to move to one of the camps for safety. Yang Ding and Dong Cheng led troops to escort the emperor to Yang Feng's camp. Xia Yu and the others tried to block the carriage, but Yang Ding and Yang Feng fought them off and at last got the emperor out. On renyin day, the court proceeded to Huayin.

56

寧輯將軍段煨具服御及公卿已下資儲，欲上幸其營。煨與楊定有隙，定黨种輯、左靈言煨欲反，太尉楊彪、司徒趙溫、侍中劉艾、尚書梁紹皆曰：「段煨不反，臣等敢以死保。」董承、楊定脅弘農督郵令言郭汜來在煨營，帝疑之，乃露次於道南。

Duan Wei, General Who Pacifies and Gathers, had prepared robes, provisions, and supplies for the emperor and all the ministers, and invited the court to his camp. Duan Wei and Yang Ding were at odds. Yang Ding's followers Chong Ji and Zuo Ling accused Duan Wei of plotting rebellion. Grand Commandant Yang Biao, Minister over the Masses Zhao Wen, Palace Attendant Liu Ai, and Master of Writing Liang Shao all declared, "Duan Wei is no rebel—we stake our lives on it." Dong Cheng and Yang Ding coerced the Hongnong postal commissioner into reporting that Guo Si was in Duan Wei's camp. The emperor grew suspicious and camped in the open south of the road.

57

丁未，楊奉、董承、楊定將攻煨，使种輯、左靈請帝為詔，帝曰：「煨罪未著，奉等攻之而欲令朕有詔耶？」輯固請，至夜半，猶弗聽。奉等乃輒攻煨營，十餘日不下。煨供給御膳，稟贍百官，無有二意。詔使侍中、尚書告諭定等，令與煨和解，定等奉詔還營。李傕、郭汜悔令車駕東，聞定攻煨，相詔共救之，因欲劫帝而西。楊定聞傕、汜至，欲還藍田，為汜所遮，單騎亡走荊州。張濟與楊奉、董承不相平，乃復與傕、汜合。十〔一〕( 二) 月，〔庚午〕二) 月〔庚午〕據《後漢書．獻帝紀》，帝幸弘農事在十一月，據補改。，帝幸弘農，張濟、李傕、郭汜共追乘輿，大戰於弘農東澗，承、奉軍敗，百官、士卒死者，不可勝數，棄御物、符策、典籍，略無所遺。射聲校尉沮儁被創墜馬，傕謂左右曰：「尚可活否？」儁罵之曰：「汝等凶逆，逼劫天子，使公卿被害，宮人流離。亂臣賊子，未有如此也！」傕乃殺之。

On dingwei day, Yang Feng, Dong Cheng, and Yang Ding prepared to attack Duan Wei. They sent Chong Ji and Zuo Ling to ask the emperor for an edict authorizing the assault. The emperor said, "Duan Wei's guilt is not yet proven, and you would have Us issue an edict to attack him?" Chong Ji pressed his request until midnight, but the emperor still refused. Yang Feng and the others attacked Duan Wei's camp on their own authority, but after more than ten days still could not take it. All the while Duan Wei continued to supply the emperor's meals and provision the officials, loyal and without wavering. The emperor sent the Palace Attendant and Master of Writing to order Yang Ding and the others to make peace with Duan Wei. They obeyed and withdrew to their camps. Li Jue and Guo Si regretted letting the emperor go east. Hearing that Yang Ding was attacking Duan Wei, they called on each other to intervene—and planned to seize the emperor and carry him west. Yang Ding, learning that Li Jue and Guo Si had arrived, tried to retreat to Lantian but was intercepted by Guo Si. He fled alone on horseback to Jing Province. Zhang Ji, at odds with Yang Feng and Dong Cheng, again threw in his lot with Li Jue and Guo Si. The eleventh [first] ( second) second)¹³ month [gengwu] According to the Annals of Emperor Xian in the Book of Later Han, the emperor's visit to Hongnong belongs in the eleventh month; emended accordingly. , the emperor went to Hongnong. Zhang Ji, Li Jue, and Guo Si pursued the imperial carriage together. At East Ravine outside Hongnong they fought a great battle. Dong Cheng and Yang Feng were routed. Officials and soldiers died beyond counting, and imperial regalia, seals, tallies, and canonical texts were strewn along the road—hardly anything was saved. Ju Jun, Colonel of the Archers Who Shoot at Sound, was wounded and fell from his horse. Li Jue asked his attendants, "Can he still be saved?" Ju cursed him: "You violent rebels forced the Son of Heaven into your grasp, murdered the chief ministers, and drove the palace women into exile. Rebellious ministers and traitorous sons—never has villainy reached such a pitch!" Li Jue had him killed.

58

壬申，帝露次曹陽。承、奉乃譎傕等與連和，而密遣間使至河東，招故白波帥李樂、韓暹、胡才及南匈奴右賢王去卑，並率其眾數千騎來，與承、奉共擊傕等，大破之，斬首數千級。

On renshen day, the emperor camped in the open at Caoyang. Dong Cheng and Yang Feng feigned peace with Li Jue and his allies while secretly sending agents to Hedong to summon the former White Wave chieftains Li Yue, Han Xian, and Hu Cai, and the Southern Xiongnu Right Worthy King Qubie. They all came at the head of several thousand horsemen. Together with Dong Cheng and Yang Feng they struck Li Jue's forces and routed them, taking several thousand heads.

59

於是董承等以新破傕等，可復東引。庚〔辰〕( 申) 申) 據《後漢書．獻帝紀》改，為農曆十一月十三日。然「車駕發東」事，《後漢書》繫於十二月。，車駕發東，董承、李樂衛乘輿，胡才、楊奉、韓暹、匈奴右賢王於後為拒。傕等復來戰，奉等大敗，死者甚於東澗。光祿〔勳〕鄧淵、廷尉宣璠、少府田芬、大司農張義皆死。司徒趙溫、太常王絳、衛尉周忠、司隸校尉管郃為傕所遮，欲殺之，賈詡曰：「此皆大臣，卿奈何害之！」乃止。李樂曰：「事急矣，陛下宜御馬。」上曰：「不可捨百官而去，此何境哉！」兵相連綴四十里，方得至陝，乃結營自守。

Emboldened by their fresh victory over Li Jue, Dong Cheng and the others resolved to march east again. On geng [chen] ( shen) shen) Emended per the Annals of Emperor Xian in the Book of Later Han; equivalent to the thirteenth day of the eleventh month in the agricultural calendar. However, the Book of Later Han dates the event "the imperial carriage set out east" to the twelfth month. , the imperial carriage set out east. Dong Cheng and Li Yue guarded the carriage; Hu Cai, Yang Feng, Han Xian, and the Xiongnu Right Worthy King formed the rearguard. Li Jue and his allies attacked again. Yang Feng and the others were routed, and the dead outnumbered even those lost at East Ravine. .¹⁴ Minister over the Masses Zhao Wen, Chamberlain for Ceremonials Wang Jiang, Commandant of the Guards Zhou Zhong, and Regional Inspector Guan He were intercepted by Li Jue, who meant to kill them. Jia Xu said, "These are great ministers of state—how can you harm them?!" Li Jue desisted. Li Yue said, "Matters are desperate, Your Majesty—you ought to take horse." The Emperor replied, "I cannot forsake my ministers and flee—what manner of kingdom would that leave!" The troops strung out for forty li before reaching Shan; there they pitched camp and held their ground.

60

時殘破之餘，虎賁、羽林不滿百人，傕、汜兵繞營叫呼，吏士失色，各有分散之意。李樂懼，欲令車駕御船過砥柱，出孟津。楊彪以為河道險難，非萬乘所宜乘；乃使李樂夜渡，潛具船，舉火為應。上與公卿步出營，皇后兄伏德扶后，一手挾絹十匹。董承使符節令孫徽從人間斫之，殺旁侍者，血濺後衣。河岸高十餘丈，不得下，乃以絹為輦，使人居前負帝，餘皆匍匐而下，或從上自投，冠幘皆壞。既至河邊，士卒爭赴舟，董承、李樂以戈擊之，手指於舟中可掬。帝乃御船。同濟者，皇后及楊彪以下才數十人，其宮女及吏民不得渡者，皆為兵所掠奪，衣服俱盡，發亦被截，凍死者不可勝計。衛尉士孫瑞為傕所殺。

In the wreckage that remained, fewer than a hundred Tiger Guard and Feathered Forest troops still stood. Li Jue and Guo Si's soldiers circled the camp, howling; officers and men turned ashen, each ready to bolt. Li Yue, in fear, proposed that the imperial carriage go by boat past Distributary Rock and out through Meng Ford. Yang Biao held that the river passage was treacherous and unfit for an emperor's travel; so he sent Li Yue across by night, had boats prepared in secret, and kindled fires as a signal. The Emperor walked out of the camp with the chief ministers. The Empress's elder brother Fu De supported her, ten bolts of silk under one arm. Dong Cheng ordered Sun Hui, Bearer of the Insignia, to hack the silk apart in the crowd; attendants were killed, and blood spattered the Empress's gown. The bank rose more than ten zhang; no one could climb down. They fashioned a litter from the silk and had men carry the Emperor ahead while the rest crawled or threw themselves over the edge. Caps and headbands were torn to rags. At the river, soldiers surged for the boats. Dong Cheng and Li Yue beat them back with halberds; fingers piled in the hulls until one could scoop them up by the handful. The Emperor boarded at last. Only the Empress and a few dozen from Yang Biao down crossed with him. Palace women, officials, and commoners left behind were plundered by the troops—stripped to the skin, hair cut off; frozen corpses littered the banks beyond count. Shi Sun Rui, Commandant of the Guards, was slain by Li Jue.

61

傕見河北有火，遣騎候之，適見上渡河，呼曰：「汝等將天子去邪！」董承懼射之，以被為幔。毀到大陽，幸李樂營。河內太守張楊使數千人負米來貢餉。乙亥按是年十一月戊辰朔，無乙亥，有丁亥。十二月丁酉朔，無丁亥，也無乙亥。或疑乃己亥之誤。，帝御牛車，幸安邑，河東太守王邑奉獻綿帛，悉賦公卿以下，封邑為列侯。〔十二月，庚子〕，拜胡才為征東將軍，張楊為安國將軍，皆假節開府。其壘壁群帥競求拜職，刻印不給，至乃以錐畫之。

Li Jue saw flames on the north bank and sent scouts. He arrived just as the Emperor was crossing and shouted, "You mean to steal the Son of Heaven away?!" Dong Cheng, fearing arrows, draped a quilt as a shield. They sailed to Dayang and lodged in Li Yue's camp. Zhang Yang, Administrator of Henei, sent several thousand men laden with rice as tribute provisions. By the calendar that year, the eleventh month opened on wuchen—there was no yihai day, though dinghai did occur.¹⁵ The twelfth month opened on dingyou; neither dinghai nor yihai appears in that month. Some suspect the day-name is a scribal error for jihai. , the Emperor rode in an ox cart to Anyi. Wang Yi, Administrator of Hedong, presented silk and cloth as tribute, and the Emperor distributed all of it among his ministers and below; Wang Yi was enfeoffed as a rank marquis. , Hu Cai was appointed General Who Conquers the East and Zhang Yang General Who Pacifies the State; both received the imperial insignia and authority to open their own headquarters.¹⁶ Every petty warlord in the camps clamored for commissions; seal-carvers could not keep pace—they began inscribing seals with awls.

62

乘輿居棘籬中，門戶無關閉，天子與群臣會，兵士伏籬上觀，互相鎮壓以為笑。

The imperial carriage stood within a bramble palisade with no gate to close. When emperor and ministers met in council, soldiers sprawled atop the fence to watch, shoving one another for sport.

63

帝又遣太僕韓融至弘農與傕、汜等連和，傕乃放遣公卿百官，頗歸所掠宮人及乘輿器服。已而糧穀盡，宮人皆食菜果。

The Emperor dispatched Grand Coachman Han Rong to Hongnong to treat with Li Jue, Guo Si, and their faction. Li Jue released the chief ministers and officials and returned much of the plundered palace women and imperial equipage. Before long the stores were empty, and palace women subsisted on vegetables and fruit.

64

乙卯，張楊自野王來朝，謀以乘輿還雒陽；諸將不聽，楊復還野王。

On yimao day Zhang Yang came from Yewang to court and urged moving the imperial carriage back to Luoyang; the generals refused, and Yang withdrew to Yewang.

65

是時，長安城空四十餘日，強者四散，羸者相食，二三年間，關中無復人跡。沮授說袁紹曰：「將軍累葉台輔，世濟忠義。今朝廷播越，宗廟殘毀，觀諸州郡雖外託義兵，內實相圖，未有憂存社稷恤民之意。今州域粗定，兵強士附，西迎大駕，即宮鄴都，挾天子而令諸侯，畜士馬以討不庭，誰能御之！」潁川郭圖、淳于瓊曰：「漢室陵遲，為日久矣，今欲興之，不亦難乎！且英雄並起，各據州郡，連徒聚眾，動有萬計，所謂秦失其鹿，先得者王。今迎天子自近，動輒表聞，從之則權輕，違之則拒命，非計之善者也。」授曰：「今迎朝廷，於義為得，於時為宜，若不早定，必有先之者矣。」紹不從。

Chang'an had lain empty for forty-odd days. The strong fled; the weak fed on one another. Within two or three years no human trace remained in Guanzhong. Ju Shou urged Yuan Shao: "General, your house has stood at the imperial center for generations, each age reckoning loyalty and honor. The court wanders in exile; the ancestral temple is broken. The provinces parade as allies of righteousness, yet inwardly they scheme against one another—none spares a thought for the altars of earth and grain or the people's plight. Your domain is largely secure, your armies strong, your men loyal. Welcome the emperor from the west, make Ye your capital, hold the Son of Heaven to command the lords, and muster horse and foot to punish the recalcitrant—who could stand against you!" Guo Tu of Yingchuan and Chunyu Qiong objected: "The House of Han has waned for ages. To revive it now—would that not be hard! Heroes rise on every side, each holding his province, mustering tens of thousands—the old saying: when the empire fell, he who seized it first would rule. Bring the emperor close and every move must be memorialized to him. Obey, and your power thins; defy, and you face the charge of treason—a poor bargain." Ju Shou replied: "To welcome the court is righteous and timely. Delay, and another will seize the chance first." Yuan Shao would not listen.

66

12初，丹陽朱治嘗為孫堅校尉，見袁術政德不立，勸孫策歸取江東。時吳景攻樊能、張英等，歲餘不克，策說術曰：「家有舊恩在東，願助舅討橫江。橫江拔，因投本土召募，可得三萬兵，以佐明使君定天下。」術知其恨，而以劉繇據曲阿，王朗在會稽，謂策未必能定，乃許之。表策為折衝校尉，將兵千餘人、騎數十匹。行收兵，比至歷陽，眾五六千。時周瑜從父尚為丹陽守，瑜將兵迎之，仍助以資糧。策大喜，曰：「吾得卿，諧也！」進攻橫江、當利，皆拔之，樊能、張英敗走。

At the outset, Zhu Zhi of Danyang had served Sun Jian as a commandant. Seeing Yuan Shu's rule devoid of virtue, he urged Sun Ce to go east and reclaim Jiangdong. Wu Jing was besieging Fan Neng and Zhang Ying without success for more than a year. Ce petitioned Yuan Shu: "My clan holds old ties in the east. I ask leave to aid my uncle in crushing Hengjiang. If Hengjiang falls, I can recruit at home and raise thirty thousand men to help you master the empire." Yuan Shu knew Ce's grievances, yet with Liu Yao holding Qu'a and Wang Lang in Kuaiji, he doubted Ce could prevail—and granted the request. He commissioned Ce as Colonel Who Breaks the Enemy with a thousand-odd foot and several dozen horse. Marching and gathering troops as he went, he reached Liyang with five or six thousand men. Zhou Yu's uncle Shang was then Administrator of Danyang; Yu marched out to welcome Ce and furnished grain and stores. Ce was delighted. "With you at my side, all falls into place!" He attacked Hengjiang and Dangli, seized both, and routed Fan Neng and Zhang Ying.

67

策渡江轉鬥，所向皆破，莫敢當其鋒者。百姓聞孫郎至，皆失魂魄。長吏委城郭，竄伏山草。及策至，軍士奉令，不敢虜略，雞犬菜茹，一無所犯，民乃大悅，競以牛酒勞軍。策為人，美姿顏，能笑語，〔性〕闊達聽受，善於用人，是以士民見者莫不盡心，樂為致死。

Ce crossed the Yangtze and fought without pause; nowhere could anyone withstand his spear. At word of Lord Sun's approach, commoners lost heart entirely. Magistrates fled their walled towns and hid in hill and thicket. When Ce arrived, his men obeyed strict orders—no pillage, not a chicken or dog or leek disturbed. The people rejoiced and vied to bring cattle and wine to the camp. , and skilled at winning men to his cause. Officials and commoners who met him gave their utmost and gladly died in his service.¹⁷

68

策攻劉繇牛渚營，盡得邸閣糧穀、戰具。時彭城相薛禮、下邳相丹陽笮融依繇為盟主，禮據秣陵城，融屯縣南，策皆擊破之。又破繇別將於梅陵，攻湖孰、江乘，皆下之，進擊繇於曲阿。繇同郡太史慈時自東萊來省繇，會策至，或勸繇可以慈為大將。繇曰：「我若用子義，許子將不當笑我邪！」但使慈偵視輕重。時獨與一騎卒遇策於神亭，策從騎十三，皆堅舊將遼西韓當、零陵黃蓋輩也。慈便前鬥，正與策對，策刺慈馬，而攬得慈項上手戟，慈亦得策兜鍪。會兩家兵騎並各來赴，於是解散。繇與策戰，兵敗，走丹徒。策入曲阿，勞賜將士，發恩布令，告諭諸縣：「其劉繇、笮融等故鄉部曲來降首者，一無所問；樂從軍者，一身行，復除門戶；不樂者不強。」旬日之間，四面雲集，得見兵二萬餘人，馬千餘匹，威震江東。

Ce stormed Liu Yao's camp at Niuzhu and seized all the depot grain and war stores. Pengcheng Chancellor Xue Li and Xiapi Chancellor Ze Rong of Danyang had taken Liu Yao as their leader; Li held Molin, Rong camped south of the county seat—Ce defeated them both. He routed another of Liu Yao's generals at Meiling, took Hushu and Jiangcheng, and pressed Liu Yao at Qu'a. Taishi Ci, a fellow townsman of Liu Yao's, had come from Donglai to visit him. When Ce arrived, some urged Liu Yao to appoint Ci chief general. Liu Yao said, "If I made Ziyi my chief general, Xu Zijiang would mock me!" He sent Ci only to reconnoiter the enemy's strength. Ci rode out with a single trooper and met Ce at Shen Ting. Ce had thirteen riders with him—veterans such as Han Dang of Liaoxi and Huang Gai of Lingling. Ci charged to the fore and met Ce blade to blade. Ce speared Ci's horse and wrenched the halberd from Ci's grip; Ci snatched Ce's helmet in turn. Both sides' reinforcements arrived at once, and the combatants broke apart. Liu Yao fought Ce, was routed, and fled to Dantu. Ce entered Qu'a, rewarded his officers and men, and issued a proclamation to the counties: "Former followers of Liu Yao, Ze Rong, and the like who come to surrender will not be questioned; those who wish to serve—one man per household may enlist, and that household will be exempt from corvée; those who do not wish to serve will not be forced." Within ten days men poured in from every quarter. He mustered more than twenty thousand troops and a thousand-odd horses, and his authority shook Jiangdong.

69

丙辰，袁術表策行殄寇將軍。策將呂範言於策曰：「今將軍事業日大，士眾日盛，而綱紀猶有不整者，範願暫領都督，佐將軍部分之。」策曰：「子衡既士大夫，加手下已有大眾，立功於外，豈宜復屈小職，知軍中細事乎！」範曰：「不然。今捨本土而託將軍者，非為妻子也，欲濟世務也。譬猶同舟涉海，一事不牢，即俱受其敗。此亦範計，非但將軍也。」策笑，無以答。範出，便釋傕，著褲褶，執鞭詣閣下啟事，自稱領都督，策乃授傳，委以眾事。由是軍中肅睦，威禁大行。

On bingchen day Yuan Shu memorialized Sun Ce as Acting General Who Exterminates Bandits. Lu Fan said to Ce: "Your enterprise grows by the day and your forces swell, yet discipline still falters. Fan asks leave to serve temporarily as commander-in-chief and help you put the ranks in order. Ce said, "Zihang is a scholar-official who already commands a great force and has won glory in the field—why should he be reduced to a petty post, minding the army's trifles!" Fan said, "Not so. Those who have left their homes to follow you do so not for wife and children but to serve the times. We are as men in one boat on the open sea—if one thing fails, all perish together. This is Fan's counsel as well—not yours alone to bear." Ce laughed and had no answer. Fan went out, stripped off his armor, donned field dress, took a whip in hand, and reported for duty at headquarters as commander-in-chief. Ce granted him the seal and commission and entrusted him with military administration. From that day the army grew disciplined and orderly, and authority was firmly enforced.

70

策以張紘為正議校尉，彭城張昭為長史，常令一人居守，一人從征討，及廣陵秦松、陳端等亦參與謀謨。策待昭以師友之禮，文武之事，一以委昭。昭每得北方士大夫書疏，專歸美於昭，策聞之，歡笑曰：「昔管子相齊，一則仲父，二則仲父，而桓公為霸者宗。今子布賢，我能用之，其功名獨不在我乎！」

Ce appointed Zhang Hong Colonel of Rectifying Counsel and Zhang Zhao of Pengcheng Chief Clerk, always keeping one at headquarters and one on campaign; Qin Song and Chen Duan of Guangling also joined his councils. Ce treated Zhang Zhao with the courtesy due a teacher and friend and entrusted all civil and military affairs to him. Whenever Zhang Zhao received letters from northern scholar-officials, they praised him alone. Ce heard and laughed with delight: "When Guan Zhong served Qi, Duke Huan called him Zhongfu once, then Zhongfu again—and became the paragon of hegemons. Zibu is worthy, and I can use him—will his glory not be mine as well!"

71

袁術以從弟胤為丹陽太守。周尚、周瑜皆還壽春。

Yuan Shu appointed his cousin Yin Administrator of Danyang. Zhou Shang and Zhou Yu both returned to Shouchun.

72

劉繇自丹徒將奔會稽，許劭曰：「會稽富實，策之所貪，且窮在海隅，不可往也。不如豫章，北達豫壤，西接荊州；若收合吏民，遣使貢獻，與曹兗州相聞，雖有袁公路隔在其間，其人豺狼，不能久也。足下受王命，孟德、景升必相救濟。」繇從之。

Liu Yao was about to flee from Dantu to Kuaiji. Xu Shao said, "Kuaiji is rich and strong—the very prize Ce covets—and it lies trapped at the sea's edge. You must not go there. Better Yuzhang—it opens north onto the lands of Yu and west onto Jing Province; if you rally officials and people, send tribute envoys, and open contact with Cao of Yan Province. Though Yuan Gonglu stands between you, that wolf cannot endure for long. You hold the king's commission—Mengde and Jingsheng will surely come to your aid." Liu Yao took his advice.

73

13初，陶謙以笮融為下邳相，使督廣陵、下邳、彭城糧運。融遂斷三郡委輸以自入，大起浮屠祠，課人讀佛經，招致旁郡好佛者至五千餘戶。每浴佛，輒多設飲食，布席於路，經數十里，費以巨億計。及曹操擊破陶謙，徐土不安，融乃將男女萬口走廣陵，廣陵太守趙昱待以賓禮。先是彭城相薛禮為陶謙所逼，屯秣陵，融利廣陵資貨，遂乘酒酣殺昱，放兵大掠，因過江依禮，既而復殺之。劉繇使豫章太守朱皓攻袁術所用太守諸葛玄，玄退保西城。及繇溯江西上，駐於彭澤，使融助皓攻玄。許劭謂繇曰：「笮融出軍，不顧名義者也。朱文明喜推誠以信人，〔宜〕( 更) 使密防之更) 使密防之據章注及《吳志．劉繇傳》注引《獻帝春秋》改。。」融到，果詐殺皓，代領郡事。繇進討融，融敗走，入山，為民所殺。詔以前太傅掾華歆為豫章太守。

At the outset, Tao Qian had appointed Ze Rong Chancellor of Xiapi and charged him with grain transport for Guangling, Xiapi, and Pengcheng. Rong diverted the three commanderies' grain shipments to his own use, built great Buddhist temples, compelled people to recite sutras, and drew more than five thousand Buddhist households from neighboring commanderies. On every Buddha-bathing festival he laid out feasts along the road for tens of li, the cost reckoned in the hundreds of millions. When Cao Cao defeated Tao Qian and Xu Province fell into turmoil, Rong fled to Guangling with ten thousand people. Zhao Yu, Administrator of Guangling, received him as an honored guest. Earlier Xue Li, Chancellor of Pengcheng, harried by Tao Qian, had encamped at Molin. Coveting Guangling's wealth, Rong killed Zhao Yu in his cups, let his troops plunder freely, crossed the river to join Xue Li, and later killed him too. Liu Yao sent Zhu Hao, Administrator of Yuzhang, against Zhuge Xuan, whom Yuan Shu had installed as administrator. Xuan withdrew and held West City. When Liu Yao marched up the Yangtze and encamped at Pengze, he sent Ze Rong to aid Zhu Hao against Zhuge Xuan. Xu Shao warned Liu Yao: "When Ze Rong takes the field, he cares nothing for honor or duty. Zhu Wenming likes to treat people with open sincerity and trust them fully; [yi]( geng) geng)¹⁸ The phrase "have him secretly guard against Ze Rong" was emended per Zhang's commentary and the commentary to the Biography of Liu Yao in Records of Wu, citing the Spring and Autumn of Emperor Xian. ." When Ze Rong arrived, he treacherously killed Zhu Hao and assumed control of the commandery. Liu Yao marched against Ze Rong. Rong was defeated and fled into the hills, where local people killed him. An edict appointed Hua Xin, formerly a clerk to the Grand Tutor, Administrator of Yuzhang.

74

丹陽都尉朱治逐吳郡太守許貢而據其郡，貢南依山賊嚴白虎。

Zhu Zhi, Commandant of Danyang, expelled Xu Gong, Administrator of Wu Commandery, and took the commandery for himself. Xu Gong fled south and threw in his lot with the mountain bandit Yan Baihu.

75

14張超在雍丘，曹操圍之急，韓曰：「惟臧洪當來救吾。」眾曰：「袁、曹方睦，洪為袁所表用，必不敗好以招禍。」超曰：「子源天下義士，終不背本；但恐見制強力，不相及耳。」洪時為東郡太守，徒跣號泣，從紹請兵，將赴其難，紹不與；請自率所領以行，亦不許。雍丘遂潰，張超自殺，操夷其三族。

14 Zhang Chao held Yongqiu while Cao Cao pressed the siege hard. Han said, "Only Zang Hong will come to our rescue." The others said, "Yuan Shao and Cao Cao are on good terms, and Hong holds office at Yuan Shao's recommendation. He will never break that alliance and bring disaster on himself." Zhang Chao replied, "Ziyuan is a man of honor throughout the realm. He would never abandon his obligations; I only fear that stronger powers may restrain him and keep him from reaching us in time." Zang Hong was then Administrator of Dong Commandery. Barefoot and weeping, he begged Yuan Shao for troops to march to Zhang Chao's aid, but Shao refused. He asked leave to go with only the men under his own command, and that too was denied. Yongqiu soon fell. Zhang Chao took his own life, and Cao Cao wiped out his clan to the third degree.

76

洪由是怨紹，絕不與通。紹興兵圍之，歷年不下。紹令洪邑人陳琳以書喻之，洪復書曰：「僕小人也，本乏志用；中因行役，蒙主人傾蓋，恩深分厚，遂竊大州，寧樂今日自還接刃乎！當受任之初，自謂究竟大事，共尊王室。豈悟本州被侵，郡將遘厄，請師見拒，辭行被拘，使洪故君遂至淪滅，區區微節，無所獲申，豈得復全交友之道，重虧忠孝之名乎！斯所以忍悲揮戈，收淚告絕。行矣孔璋，足下徼利於境外，臧洪投命於君親；吾子託身於盟主，臧洪策名於長安；子謂余身死而名滅，僕亦笑子生而無聞焉！」

From this Zang Hong nursed a grievance against Yuan Shao and cut off all contact with him. Yuan Shao raised an army and besieged him, but the city held out for years. Yuan Shao had Chen Lin, a fellow townsman of Zang Hong, write to persuade him. Hong replied, "I am a man of no account, with little talent or ambition to begin with; then, while traveling on duty, I met a patron who welcomed me as an equal. His kindness was deep and our bond strong, and I came to hold a great province. Would I now take pleasure in turning back to cross blades with him! When I first took office, I believed we would finish the great work and together uphold the imperial house. Who could have foreseen that my province would be invaded, my commandery chief fall into peril, my plea for troops be refused, and my request to march be denied, until my old lord was destroyed and this small loyalty of mine could never be fulfilled? How could I preserve friendship and still keep the name of loyalty and duty! That is why I choke back grief, take up arms, dry my tears, and break with you. Farewell, Kongzhang. You seek profit abroad, while Zang Hong gives his life for lord and kin. You have attached yourself to the leader of the alliance; I pledged my name at Chang'an. You say I will die forgotten; I say you live without ever being remembered!"

77

紹見洪書，知無降意，增兵急攻。城中糧穀已盡，外無強救，洪自度必不免，呼將吏士民謂曰：「袁氏無道，所圖不軌，且不救洪郡將，洪於大義，不得不死。念諸君無事空與此禍，可先城未敗，將妻子出。」皆垂泣曰：「明府與袁氏本無怨隙，今為本朝郡將之故，自致殘困；吏民何忍當捨明府去也！」初尚掘鼠煮筋角，後無可復食者。主簿啟內廚米三升，請稍以為饘粥，洪歎曰：「何能獨甘此邪！」使作薄糜，遍班士眾，又殺其愛妾以食將士。將士咸流涕，無能仰視者。男女七八千人，相枕而死，莫有離叛者。城陷，生執洪。紹大會諸將見洪，謂曰：「臧洪，何相負若此！今日服未？」洪據地瞋目曰：「諸袁事洪，四世五公，可謂受恩。今王室衰弱，無扶翼之意，欲因際會，希冀非望，多殺忠良以立奸威。洪親見呼張陳留為兄，則洪府君亦宜為弟，同共戮力，為國除害，奈何擁眾觀人屠滅！惜洪力劣，不能推刃為天下報仇，何謂服乎！」紹本愛洪，意欲令屈服，原之；見洪辭切，知終不為己用，乃殺之。

When Yuan Shao read Zang Hong's letter and saw he would not yield, he reinforced the siege and pressed the attack. When the city's grain was gone and no relief force came, Zang Hong knew he could not survive. He summoned his officers, clerks, soldiers, and people and said, "The Yuan clan is lawless and aims at treason. They refused to save my commandery chief. For honor's sake I must die. I cannot bear that you should suffer for nothing. While the city still holds, take your wives and children and leave." All wept and said, "Your Excellency had no quarrel with the Yuan clan. You have brought this ruin on yourself for the sake of the dynasty's commandery chief. How can your officers and people bear to leave you!" At first they dug up rats and boiled sinews and horn. In time there was nothing left to eat. The chief clerk reported three sheng of rice in the inner kitchen and asked that a little be cooked into gruel. Hong sighed and said, "How can I enjoy this alone!" He had thin gruel made and shared it with every soldier, then killed his beloved concubine to feed his officers and men. Officers and soldiers wept until none could raise his eyes. Seven or eight thousand men and women died where they lay, and not one deserted him. When the city fell, Zang Hong was taken alive. Yuan Shao assembled his generals to confront Zang Hong and said, "Zang Hong, why have you betrayed me like this! Will you submit now?" Zang Hong braced himself on the ground, glared, and said, "The Yuan clan owed me much—four generations, five marquisates. I was deeply in their debt. Now the imperial house is weak, yet you have no wish to support it. You seize your chance, harbor unlawful ambition, and slaughter loyal men to build a tyrant's power. I saw you call Zhang Miao of Chenliu your elder brother, so my lord Zhang Chao should have been your younger brother. We should have joined forces to purge the realm of evil. Instead you held your army back and watched him be destroyed! I regret only that I was too weak to strike the blow and avenge the realm. What talk is there of submission!" Yuan Shao had once favored Zang Hong and hoped to make him submit and then spare him. When he saw how fiercely Hong answered, he knew Hong would never serve him, and had him executed.

78

洪邑人陳容少親慕洪，時在紹坐，起謂紹曰：「將軍舉大事，欲為天下除暴，而先誅忠義，豈合天意！臧洪發舉為郡將，奈何殺之！。紹慚，使人牽出，謂曰：「汝非臧洪儔，空復爾為！」容顧曰：「仁義豈有常，蹈之則君子，背之則小人。今日寧與臧洪同日而死，不與將軍同日而生也！」遂復見殺。在坐無不嘆息，竊相謂曰：「如何一日殺二烈士！」

Chen Rong, a fellow townsman of Zang Hong, had admired him since youth. He was present at Yuan Shao's assembly, rose, and said, "General, you claim a great enterprise to purge the realm of tyranny, yet you begin by killing men of loyalty and honor. Does that accord with Heaven's will! Zang Hong took up arms for his commandery chief—why kill him! Ashamed, Yuan Shao had him dragged out and said, "You are no match for Zang Hong. Why waste your breath!" Chen Rong looked back and said, "Benevolence and righteousness have no fixed rule. Walk in them and you are a gentleman; turn from them and you are a villain. Today I would rather die on the same day as Zang Hong than live on the same day as you!" He too was executed. Everyone present sighed, and whispered among themselves, "To kill two martyrs in a single day!"

79

15公孫瓚既殺劉虞，盡有幽州之地，志氣益盛，恃其才力，不恤百姓，記過忘善，睚眥必報。衣冠善士，名在其右者，必以法害之；有材秀者，必抑困使在窮苦之地。或問其故，瓚曰：「衣冠皆自以職分當貴，不謝人惠。」故所寵愛，類多商販、庸兒，與為兄弟，或結婚姻；所在侵暴，百姓怨之。劉虞從事漁陽鮮于輔等，合率州兵欲共報仇，以燕國閻柔素有恩信，推為烏桓司馬。柔招誘胡、漢數萬人，與瓚所置漁陽太守鄒丹戰于潞北，斬丹等四千餘級。烏桓峭王亦率種人及鮮卑七千餘騎，隨輔南迎虞子和與袁紹將麴義，合兵十萬共攻瓚，破瓚於鮑丘，斬首二萬餘級。於是代郡、廣陽、上谷、右北平各殺瓚所置長吏，復與鮮于輔、劉和兵合，瓚軍屢敗。

15 After Gongsun Zan killed Liu Yu and held all of You Province, his pride swelled. Trusting in his own ability, he cared nothing for the people, remembered every slight and forgot every kindness, and repaid the smallest grudge. Any genteel scholar whose reputation outshone his own he destroyed by legal pretext; any man of outstanding talent he crushed and kept in misery. When someone asked why, Gongsun Zan said, "Men of the gentry think their rank makes them noble and never thank anyone for a kindness." So those he favored were mostly merchants and common lads. He called them brothers or bound them to him by marriage. Wherever they went they plundered and abused the people, who hated them bitterly. Xianyu Fu of Yuyang, an aide to Liu Yu, and others rallied the provincial troops to avenge him. Because Yan Rou of Yan Province was widely trusted, they made him Wuhuan Commandant. Yan Rou rallied tens of thousands of barbarians and Han troops and fought Zou Dan, Gongsun Zan's appointee as Administrator of Yuyang, north of Lu. More than four thousand heads were taken, including Dan's. The Wuhuan chieftain Qiao Wang also led his tribesmen and more than seven thousand Xianbei horsemen south with Xianyu Fu to welcome Liu Yu's son Liu He. Together with Yuan Shao's general Qu Yi they mustered one hundred thousand men, defeated Gongsun Zan at Baoqiu, and took more than twenty thousand heads. Then Dai, Guangyang, Shanggu, and Youbeiping each killed the officials Gongsun Zan had appointed. Joining Xianyu Fu and Liu He again, they defeated Gongsun Zan's army again and again.

80

先是有童謠曰：「燕南垂，趙北際，中央不合大如礪，唯有此中可避世。」瓚自謂易地當之，遂徙鎮易，為圍塹十重，於塹裡築京，皆高五六丈，為樓其上；中塹為京，特高十丈，自居焉。以鐵為門，斥去左右，男人七歲以上不得入門，專與姬妾居。其文簿、書記皆汲而上之。令婦人習為大聲，使聞數百步，以傳宣教令。疏遠賓客，無所親信，謀臣猛將，稍稍乖散。自此之後，希復攻戰。或問其故，瓚曰：「我昔驅畔胡於塞表，掃黃巾於孟津，當此之時，謂天下指麾可定。至於今日，兵革方始，觀此，非我所決，不如休兵力耕，以救凶年。兵法，百樓不攻。今吾諸營樓櫓數十重，積穀三百萬斛。食盡此穀，足以待天下之事矣。」

There had been a children's rhyme: "On Yan's southern edge and Zhao's northern border, where the center does not meet, broad as a whetstone—only there can one escape the world." Gongsun Zan decided that place was meant for him and moved his headquarters to Yi. He dug ten rings of moats, built citadels within them five or six zhang high, and raised towers on top. The innermost citadel stood ten zhang high, and there he made his home. He set iron gates, drove away his attendants, and barred every male over seven from entering. He lived alone with his concubines. Documents and records were hauled up to him by rope. He had women practice shouting so their voices carried hundreds of paces and relayed his commands. He kept his distance from guests and trusted no one. His strategists and generals gradually deserted him. After that he rarely fought again. When someone asked why, Gongsun Zan said, "I once drove the frontier barbarians beyond the passes and swept the Yellow Turbans at Mengjin. Then I thought the realm would fall into my hands at a wave. Now war has only just begun. Seeing how things stand, the outcome is not mine to decide. Better to stand down, put the army to farming, and survive this year of famine. The art of war says: do not assault a fortress of a hundred towers. My camps now have dozens of rings of towers and ramparts, and three million hu of grain in store. When this grain is gone, the affairs of the realm will have settled themselves."

81

16南單于於扶羅死，弟呼廚泉立，居于平陽。」

16 The Southern Xiongnu chieftain Yufulei died. His younger brother Huchuquan succeeded him and established his seat at Pingyang.”

卷61 漢紀五十三

Volume 61 Han Records 53

Footnotes

Footnotes

Cite this Chapter