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=魏紀一=
Wei Records 1
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起上章困敦，盡玄黓攝提格，凡三年。
[Wei Records 1] Spanning from the year Shangzhang Kundun through Xuanyi Shetige—a period of three years.
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世祖文皇帝上
The Reign of Emperor Wen the Founder, Part One
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1春，正月，武王至洛陽； 庚子，薨。 王知人善察，難眩以偽。 識拔奇才，不拘微賤，隨能任使，皆獲其用。 與敵對陳，意思安閒，如不欲戰然； 及至決機乘勝，氣勢盈溢。 勳勞宜賞，不吝千金； 無功望施，分豪不與。 用法峻急，有犯必戮，或對之流涕，然終無所赦。 雅性節儉，不好華麗。 故能芟刈群雄，幾平海內。
1. In spring, during the first month, King Wu (Cao Cao) arrived at Luoyang; On the day Gengzi, he passed away. He knew how to read men and was keenly observant, so that falsehood could scarcely deceive him. He singled out men of rare ability without regard for humble birth, assigned each according to his talents, and put them all to work. When arrayed against the enemy, he seemed calm and unhurried, almost as though he had no wish to fight; yet once the moment for decision came and victory was within reach, his fighting spirit brimmed over. When merit merited reward, he did not spare a thousand pieces of gold; but those who sought favors without achievement received not a whit. He enforced the law with severe urgency: offenders were sure to die, and though he sometimes wept in their presence, he never granted pardon in the end. By disposition he was sparing and disliked lavish display. Thus he was able to cut down rival warlords and nearly bring the empire under his rule.
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是時太子在鄴，軍中騷動。 群僚欲秘不發喪，諫議大夫賈逵以為事不可秘，乃發喪。 或言宜諸城守，悉用譙、沛人。 魏郡太守廣陵徐宣厲聲曰：「今者遠近一統，人懷效節，何必專任譙、沛以沮宿衛者之心！」 乃止。 青州兵擅擊鼓相引去，眾人以為宜禁止之，不從者討之。 賈逵曰：「不可。」 為作長檄，令所在給其稟食。 鄢陵侯彰從長安來赴，問逵先王璽綬所在，逵正色曰：「國有儲副，先王璽綬非君侯所宜問也。」 凶問至鄴，太子號哭不已。 中庶子司馬孚諫曰：「君王晏駕，天下恃殿下為命。 當上為宗廟，下為萬國，奈何效匹夫孝也！」 太子良久乃止，曰：「卿言是也。」 時群臣初聞王薨，相聚哭，無復行列。 孚厲聲於朝曰：「今君王違世，天下震動，當早拜嗣君，以鎮萬國，而但哭邪！」 乃罷群臣，備禁衛，治喪事。 孚，懿之弟也。 群臣以為太子即位，當須詔命。 尚書陳矯曰：「王薨於外，天下惶懼。 太子宜割哀即位，以系遠近之望。 且又愛子在側，彼此生變，則社稷危也。」 即具官備禮，一日皆辦。 明旦，以王后令，策太子即王位，大赦。 漢帝尋遣御史大夫華歆奉策詔，授太子丞相印、綬，魏王璽、綬，領冀州牧。 於是尊王后曰王太后。
The Crown Prince was then at Ye, and the army was in uproar. The ministers wished to conceal the death and not announce mourning, but Remonstrance Counselor Jia Kui argued that the affair could not be hidden, and mourning was proclaimed. Some proposed that every city garrison should be staffed entirely with men from Qiao and Pei. Xu Xuan of Guangling, prefect of Wei Commandery, said sharply: "Now that the realm is united from near and far, and all are eager to serve, why should we rely solely on men from Qiao and Pei and thus discourage the hearts of the palace guards!" The proposal was dropped. Qingzhou troops began beating drums on their own and marched off together. Many thought they should be stopped by force and that anyone who refused should be attacked. Jia Kui said, "That must not be done." He drafted a long proclamation ordering every locality along their route to furnish them rations. Marquis Zhang of Yanling had come from Chang'an to attend the funeral and asked Kui where the late king's seal and ribbon were. Kui said sternly, "The state already has an heir designate; the seal and ribbon of the late king are not a matter Your Lordship should raise." When word of the death reached Ye, the Crown Prince wailed ceaselessly. Palace Attendant Sima Fu admonished him: "Our lord is gone, and the empire looks to Your Highness for its very life. You must tend the ancestral shrines above and govern the myriad realms below—why imitate the mourning of a private commoner!" Only after a long while did the Crown Prince cease and say, "You speak rightly." When the ministers had first heard that the King was dead, they had clustered together in tears with no regard for order. Fu cried out sternly in court: "Our lord has departed and the realm is shaken. You ought to bow to the successor at once to steady the empire—yet all you do is weep!" He then dismissed the assembly, posted the guards, and set the mourning in order. Fu was the younger brother of Sima Yi. The ministers held that the Crown Prince could not take the throne without an imperial edict. Minister of Works Chen Qiao said, "The King died away from the capital, and the realm is filled with fear. The Crown Prince ought to set grief aside and take the throne at once, to hold the hopes of men near and far together. Moreover, with a favored son close at hand, any friction between them could put the altars of state in danger." The requisite officials and ceremonies were prepared that same day. The next morning, by order of the Queen, the Crown Prince was installed as King and a general amnesty was proclaimed. Before long the Han emperor dispatched Imperial Counselor Hua Xin with the formal investiture, granting the Crown Prince the seals and ribbons of Chancellor and King of Wei and appointing him Governor of Ji Province. The Queen was then honored as Queen Dowager.
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2改元延康。
2. The reign era was changed to Yancong.
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3二月，丁未朔，日有食之。
3. In the second month, on the first day (Dingwei), there was a solar eclipse.
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4壬戌，以太中大夫賈詡為太尉，御史大夫華歆為相國，大理王朗為御史大夫。
4. On the day Renxu, Grand Master of the Palace Jia Xu was appointed Grand Commandant, Imperial Counselor Hua Xin was made Chancellor of State, and Director of Justice Wang Lang was made Imperial Counselor.
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5丁卯，葬武王於高陵。
5. On the day Dingmao, King Wu was interred at Gaoling.
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6王弟鄢陵侯彰等皆就國。 臨菑臨國謁者灌均，希指奏：「臨菑侯植醉酒悖慢，劫脅使者。」 王貶植為安鄉侯，誅右刺奸掾沛國丁儀及弟黃門侍郎廙並其男口，皆植之黨也。
6. The King's younger brothers, including Marquis Zhang of Yanling, all departed for their allotted domains. Guan Jun, the commissioner for Linzi, seeking favor, memorialized: "Marquis Zhi of Linzi, while drunk, acted with arrogant insolence and intimidated the imperial envoy." The King degraded Zhi to Marquis of Anxiang, executed Ding Yi of Pei, Investigator on the Right, and his brother Ding Yi the Yellow Gate Attendant along with their male kin—all partisans of Zhi.
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::魚豢論曰：諺言：「貧不學儉，卑不學恭。」 非人性分殊也，勢使然耳。 假令太祖防遏植等在於疇昔，此賢之心，何緣有窺望乎！ 彰之挾恨，尚無所至； 至於植者，豈能興難！ 乃令楊修以倚注遇害，丁儀以希意族滅，哀夫！
::Yu Huan observes: A proverb runs, "The poor do not learn thrift; the humble do not learn deference." This is not because human nature differs, but because circumstances compel it. Had the Founding Lord kept Zhi and the others in check from the beginning, why would these talented men's hearts have turned to ambition! Zhang's resentment had not yet come to anything; and as for Zhi, could he truly have stirred up trouble! Yet Yang Xiu died for his close attention to the heir, and the Ding clan was exterminated for seeking favor—how lamentable!
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7初置散騎常侍、侍郎各四人。 其宦人為官者不得過諸署令。 為金策，藏之石室。 時當選侍中、常侍，王左右舊人諷主者，便欲就用，不調餘人。 司馬孚曰：「今嗣王新立，當進用海內英賢，如何欲因際會，自相薦舉邪！ 官失其任，得者亦不足貴也。」 遂他選。
7. For the first time, four Attendants-at-Large and four Attendants were appointed. Eunuchs who held office might not rise above the heads of the various bureaus. A book of gold was cast and placed in the stone vault. When it came time to choose Attendants and Cavalier Attendants, the King's former intimates urged the appointing officials to install them immediately, without considering anyone else. Sima Fu said, "The new king has only just ascended. We ought to promote worthy men from across the realm—how can you seek to use the moment merely to recommend one another! When offices lose their proper function, even the men who gain them are not to be valued." Other candidates were chosen instead.
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8尚書陳群，以天朝選用不盡人才，乃立九品官人之法； 州郡皆置中正以定其選，擇州郡之賢有識鑒者為之，區別人物，第其高下。
8. Minister Chen Qun, finding that imperial appointments did not draw on the empire's full talent, established the nine-rank system for selecting officials; every province and commandery appointed Rectifiers to govern selection, choosing locally esteemed men of discernment for the role, sorting candidates and ranking them by grade.
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9夏，五月，戊寅，漢帝追尊王祖太尉曰太王，夫人丁氏曰太王后。
9. In summer, the fifth month, on the day Wuyin, the Han emperor posthumously honored the King's grandfather, the Grand Commandant, as Grand King and Lady Ding as Grand Queen.
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10王以安定太守鄒岐為涼州刺史，西平麴演結旁郡作亂以拒岐。 張掖張進執太守杜通，酒泉黃華不受太守辛機，皆自稱太守以應演。 武威三種胡復叛。 武威太守毋丘興告急於金城太守、護羌校尉扶風蘇則，則將救之，郡人皆以為賊勢方盛，宜須大軍。 時將軍郝昭、魏平先屯金城，受詔不得西度。 則乃見郡中大吏及昭等謀曰：「今賊雖盛，然皆新合，或有脅從，未必同心。 因釁擊之，善惡必離，離而歸我，我增而彼損矣。 既獲益眾之實，且有倍氣之勢，率以進討，破之必矣。 若待大軍，曠日彌久，善人無歸，必合於惡，善惡就合，勢難卒離。 雖有詔命，違而合權，專之可也。」 昭等從之，乃發兵救武威，降其三種胡，與毋丘興擊張進於張掖。 麴演聞之，將步騎三千迎則，辭來助軍，實欲為變，則誘而斬之，出以徇軍，其黨皆散走。 則遂與諸軍圍張掖，破之，斬進。 黃華懼，乞降，河西平。
10. The King appointed Zou Qi, prefect of Anding, as Inspector of Liang Province. Qu Yan of Xiping stirred neighboring commanderies to revolt and resist him. Zhang Jin of Zhangye seized the prefect Du Tong; Huang Hua of Jiuquan refused to obey the prefect Xin Ji—each proclaimed himself prefect in support of Qu Yan. The Three Tribes of the Hu in Wuwei rebelled once more. Wuqiu Xing, prefect of Wuwei, appealed for help to Su Ze of Fufeng, prefect of Jincheng and Protector of the Qiang. Ze prepared to march to his aid, but the people of the commandery all said the rebels were at the height of their power and that they should wait for a major force. Generals Hao Zhao and Wei Ping were then stationed at Jincheng under orders not to cross westward. Ze then met the chief officials of the commandery and Hao Zhao and the others to plan, saying, "Though the rebels are strong, they have only lately come together; some may have been forced to join and are not truly united. Strike while they are divided by quarrels—the loyal and the disaffected will part; those who leave them and come to us will swell our ranks while theirs shrink. Once we gain both more men and redoubled morale, we can lead them forward to attack and defeat them for certain. If we wait for a large army, time will drag on; good men with nowhere to turn will inevitably side with the wicked, and once the two sides fuse, it will be hard to break them apart quickly. Though we have orders to the contrary, to disobey them in the interest of expediency is permissible—we may act on our own authority." Hao Zhao and the others agreed, marched to relieve Wuwei, pacified the Three Tribes of the Hu, and with Wuqiu Xing attacked Zhang Jin at Zhangye. When Qu Yan heard of this, he led three thousand foot and horse to meet Su Ze, claiming he had come to help the army but in fact plotting treachery. Ze lured him in and executed him, displayed the body before the troops, and his followers all fled. Ze then joined the other forces in besieging Zhangye, took the city, and executed Zhang Jin. Huang Hua, in fear, sued for surrender, and the Hexi region was pacified.
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初，敦煌太守馬艾卒官，郡人推功曹張恭行長史事； 恭遣其子就詣朝廷請太守。 會黃華、張進叛，欲與敦煌並勢，執就，劫以白刃。 就終不回，私與恭疏曰：「大人率厲敦煌，忠義顯然，豈以就在困厄之中而替之哉！ 令大軍垂至，但當促兵以掎之耳。 願不以下流之愛，使就有恨於黃壤也。」 恭即引兵攻酒泉，別遣鐵騎二百及官屬，緣酒泉北塞，東迎太守尹奉。 黃華欲救張進，而西顧恭兵，恐擊其後，故不得往而降。 就卒平安，奉得之郡，詔賜恭爵關內侯。
Earlier, when Ma Ai, prefect of Dunhuang, died in office, the people of the commandery chose Chief Clerk Zhang Gong to act as chief administrator; Gong sent his son Jiu to the court to request the appointment of a new prefect. When Huang Hua and Zhang Jin rebelled and sought to combine forces with Dunhuang, they seized Jiu and held a blade to his throat. Jiu would not yield and secretly wrote to Gong: "Father, you have led Dunhuang with manifest loyalty and righteousness—surely you will not abandon that resolve merely because I am in peril! The main army is nearly here—you need only press your troops forward to take them from the rear. Do not let a father's private love make me die with resentment in my heart." Gong at once led his troops against Jiuquan and separately dispatched two hundred armored horsemen with officials along the northern border of Jiuquan to go east and welcome the new prefect, Yin Feng. Huang Hua wished to rescue Zhang Jin but, seeing Gong's forces to the west and fearing an attack from behind, could not go to his aid and surrendered instead. Jiu came through unharmed; Yin Feng took office in the commandery; and an edict enfeoffed Gong as Marquis within the Passes.
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11六月，庚午，王引軍南巡。
11. In the sixth month, on the day Gengwu, the King led his army south on a tour of inspection.
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12秋，七月，孫權遣使奉獻。
12. In autumn, the seventh month, Sun Quan sent envoys bearing tribute.
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13蜀將軍孟達屯上庸，與副軍中郎將劉封不協； 封侵陵之，達率部曲四千餘家來降。 達有容止才觀，王甚器愛之，引與同輦，以達為散騎常侍、建武將軍，封平陽亭侯。 合房陵、上庸、西城三郡為新城，以達領新城太守，委以西南之任。 行軍長史劉曄曰：「達有苟得之心，而恃才好術，必不能感恩懷義。 新城與孫、劉接連，若有變態，為國生患。」 王不聽。 遣征南將軍夏侯尚、右將軍徐晃與達共襲劉封。 上庸太守申耽叛封來降，封破，走還成都。
13. Meng Da, a general of Shu, was stationed at Shangyong and was at odds with Vice-General of the Army Liu Feng; Feng bullied and oppressed him, so Da led more than four thousand households of his following to defect to Wei. Meng Da was a man of fine presence and ability, and the King held him in high regard, taking him into his own carriage. He appointed Da Attendant Cavalier and General Who Establishes Might and enfeoffed him as Marquis of Pingyang. The three commanderies of Fangling, Shangyong, and Xicheng were merged into Xincheng, and Da was made prefect of Xincheng with responsibility for the southwest. Liu Ye, chief clerk of the marching army, said, "Meng Da is grasping by nature and prides himself on talent and stratagem—he will never repay kindness with loyalty. Xincheng lies adjacent to the domains of Sun Quan and Liu Bei; if he turns disloyal, he will bring trouble upon the state." The King would not heed him. He sent General Who Conquers the South Xiahou Shang and General of the Right Xu Huang, together with Meng Da, to attack Liu Feng. Shen Dan, prefect of Shangyong, turned against Feng and surrendered to Wei; Feng was defeated and fled back to Chengdu.
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初，封本羅侯寇氏之子，漢中王初至荊州，以未有繼嗣，養之為子。 諸葛亮慮封剛猛，易世之後，終難制御，勸漢中王因此際除之； 遂賜封死。
Earlier, Liu Feng had been the son of a Luo chieftain of the Kou clan. When Liu Bei first came to Jing Province and had no heir of his own, he adopted Feng as his son. Zhuge Liang feared that Feng's fierce and unyielding nature would make him impossible to control after a change of ruler, and urged Liu Bei to eliminate him while the opportunity offered; and Liu Bei ordered him to take his own life.
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14武都氐王楊僕率種人內附。
14. Yang Pu, king of the Di in Wudu, led his people to submit to Wei.
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15甲午，王次於譙，大饗六軍及譙父老於邑東，設伎樂百戲，吏民上壽，日夕而罷。
15. On the day Jiawu, the King encamped at Qiao and held a great feast east of the city for the Six Armies and the elders of Qiao, with music, dancers, and a hundred sorts of entertainment; officials and commoners offered toasts for his long life, and the revels lasted until nightfall.
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::孫盛曰：三年之喪，自天子達於庶人。 故雖三季之末，七雄之敝，猶未有廢衰斬於旬朔之間，釋麻杖於反哭之日者也。 逮於漢文，變易古制，人道之紀，一旦而廢，固已道薄於當年，風頹於百代矣。 魏王既追漢制，替其大禮，處莫重之哀而設饗宴之樂，居貽厥之始而墮王化之基，及至受禪，顯納二女，是以知王齡之不遐，卜世之期促也。
::Sun Sheng remarks: The three-year mourning obligation extended from the Son of Heaven down to the common people. Thus even in the late Three Dynasties and the age of the Seven Warring States, no one had yet cast off the hemp mourning garments within a fortnight or set aside the mourning staff on the very day of the return wailing. By the time of Emperor Wen of Han the ancient rites were altered and the norms of human conduct cast aside overnight; the moral Way had already grown thin in his day, and custom had declined for generations to come. The King of Wei, having followed Han precedent, set aside its great mourning rites: he was in the deepest mourning yet held feasts with music, stood at the threshold of handing down his legacy yet undermined the foundations of royal virtue; and when he accepted the abdication he openly took two of the former emperor's daughters as consorts—from this one may know that his reign would not be long and his dynasty's span would be brief.
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16王以丞相祭酒賈逵為豫州刺史。 是時天下初定，刺史多不能攝郡。 逵曰：「州本以六條詔書察二千石以下，故其狀皆言嚴能鷹揚，有督察之才，不言安靜寬仁，有愷悌之德也。 今長吏慢法，盜賊公行，州知而不糾，天下復何取正乎！」 其二千石以下，阿縱不如法者，皆舉奏免之。 外修軍旅，內治民事，興陂田，通運渠，吏民稱之。 王曰：「逵真刺史矣。」 佈告天下，當以豫州為法； 賜逵爵關內侯。
16. The King appointed Jia Kui, Libationer to the Chancellor, as Inspector of Yu Province. The realm had only just been pacified, and most provincial inspectors could not keep their commanderies in order. Kui said, "A province exists to inspect officials of two thousand bushels rank and below under the Six Regulations, so their reports praise stern efficiency and keen oversight—they do not praise quiet forbearance and the gentle virtue of easy government. Now the chief officials scorn the law and bandits walk abroad with impunity; if the province knows this and does nothing, what standard can the empire follow!" He memorialized for the dismissal of every official at two thousand bushels rank and below who indulged wrongdoing and failed to enforce the law. He trained the armies abroad and governed civil affairs at home, built irrigation works, and opened transport canals, winning praise from officials and commoners alike. The King said, "Kui is a true provincial inspector." He proclaimed throughout the realm that Yu Province should serve as the model; and enfeoffed Kui as Marquis within the Passes.
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17左中郎將李伏、太史丞許芝表言：「魏當代漢，見於圖緯，其事眾甚。」 群臣因上表勸王順天人之望，王不許。
17. Li Fu, Left Commandant of the Center, and Xu Zhi, assistant director of the Astronomical Bureau, submitted a memorial: "Wei is destined to replace Han, as charts and prophetic texts show—and the evidence is abundant." The ministers then submitted memorials urging the King to heed the will of Heaven and the people, but he refused.
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冬，十月，乙卯，漢帝告祠高廟，使行御史大夫張音持節奉璽綬詔冊，禪位于魏。 王三上書辭讓，乃為壇於繁陽，辛未，升壇受璽綬，即皇帝位，燎祭天地、岳瀆，改元，大赦。
In winter, the tenth month, on the day Yimao, the Han emperor announced the sacrifice at the High Temple and sent Acting Imperial Counselor Zhang Yin with credentials bearing the imperial seal, ribbon, edict, and investiture document to abdicate the throne to Wei. The King declined three times in writing, then an altar was built at Fanyang. On the day Xinwei he ascended it, received the seal and ribbon, and took the imperial throne; he offered burnt sacrifices to Heaven and Earth and to the mountains and rivers, changed the reign era, and proclaimed a general amnesty.
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十一月，癸酉，奉漢帝為山陽公，行漢正朔，用天子禮樂； 封公四子為列侯。 追尊太王曰太皇帝； 武王曰武皇帝，廟號太祖； 尊王太后曰皇太后。 以漢諸侯王為崇德侯，列侯為關中侯。 群臣封爵、增位各有差。 改相國為司徒，御史大夫為司空。 山陽公奉二女以嬪於魏。
In the eleventh month, on the day Guiyou, the former Han emperor was honored as Duke of Shanyang, permitted to keep the Han calendar and the rites and music of an emperor; and the duke's four sons were enfeoffed as marquises. the Grand King was posthumously honored as Grand Emperor; King Wu as Martial Emperor, with the temple name Taizu; and the Queen Dowager was honored as Empress Dowager. Former Han princes were made Marquises Who Honor Virtue, and ranked marquises were made Marquises within the Passes. The ministers received titles and promotions in varying degrees. Chancellor of State was retitled Minister of Education, and Imperial Counselor was retitled Minister of Works. The Duke of Shanyang presented two daughters to become consorts of Wei.
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帝欲改正朔，侍中辛毗曰：「魏氏遵舜、禹之統，應天順民； 至於湯、武，以戰伐定天下，乃改正朔。 孔子曰：『行夏之時，』《左氏傳》曰：『夏數為得天正，』何必期於相反！」 帝善而從之。 時群臣並頌魏德，多抑損前朝； 散騎常侍衛臻獨明禪授之義，稱揚漢美。 帝數目臻曰：「天下之珍，當與山陽共之。」 帝欲追封太后父、母，尚書陳群奏曰：「陛下以聖德應運受命，創業革制，當永為後式。 案典籍之文，無婦人分土命爵之制。 在禮典，婦因夫爵。 秦違古法，漢氏因之，非先王之令典也。」 帝曰：「此議是也，其勿施行。」 仍著定制，藏之臺閣。
The Emperor wished to change the calendar. Attendant Xin Pi said, "Wei follows the succession of Shun and Yu, responding to Heaven and winning the people's assent; only Tang and Wu, who settled the realm through warfare, changed the calendar. Confucius said, 'Follow the calendar of Xia.' The Zuo Commentary says, 'Xia's reckoning obtained Heaven's true standard'—why insist on doing the opposite!" The Emperor approved and followed his advice. At the time the ministers all praised the virtue of Wei and mostly disparaged the former dynasty; only Attendant Cavalier Wei Zhen explained the meaning of the abdication and praised the virtues of Han. The Emperor looked at Zhen again and again and said, "The treasures of the empire ought to be shared with Shanyang." The Emperor wished to posthumously enfeoff the Empress Dowager's parents. Minister Chen Qun memorialized: "Your Majesty, having received the Mandate through sagely virtue and founded a new order with reformed institutions, ought to set a lasting precedent for posterity. The canonical texts contain no precedent for ennobling a woman's parents with lands and titles. In ritual law, a wife takes rank from her husband. Qin departed from ancient law and Han followed suit; this is not the true precedent of the former kings." The Emperor said, "This opinion is correct. Do not carry it out." He nevertheless recorded the regulation as fixed law and stored it in the imperial archives.
29
18十二月，初營洛陽宮。 戊午，帝如洛陽。
18. In the twelfth month, construction of the Luoyang palace began. On the day Wuwu, the Emperor proceeded to Luoyang.
30
19帝謂侍中蘇則曰：「前破酒泉、張掖，西域通使敦煌，獻徑寸大珠，可復求市益得不？」 則對曰：「若陛下化洽中國，德流沙幕，即不求自至。 求而得之，不足貴也。」 帝嘿然。
19. The Emperor said to Attendant Su Ze, "When we pacified Jiuquan and Zhangye, envoys from the Western Regions came through Dunhuang and presented pearls an inch across—might we send to buy more of them?" Ze replied, "If Your Majesty's transforming influence fills China and your virtue reaches to the desert frontiers, such things will come without being sought. What is obtained by seeking is not truly precious." The Emperor fell silent.
31
20帝召東中郎將蔣濟為散騎常侍。 時有詔賜征南將軍夏侯尚曰：「卿腹心重將，特當任使，作威作福，殺人活人。」 尚以示濟。 濟至，帝問以所聞見，對曰：「未有他善，但見亡國之語耳。」 帝忿然作色而問其故，濟具以答，因曰：「夫『作威作福』，《書》之明誡。 天子無戲言，古人所慎，惟陛下察之！」 帝即遣追取前詔。
20. The Emperor summoned Jiang Ji, Eastern Commandant of the Center, to serve as Attendant Cavalier. At the time an edict was issued to Xiahou Shang, General Who Conquers the South, saying, "You are a trusted commander of the first rank, specially charged with authority—to wield power, dispense favor, take life, and spare life." Shang showed it to Jiang Ji. When Ji arrived, the Emperor asked what he had heard and seen. He replied, "I saw nothing commendable in it—only the language of a state about to perish." The Emperor flushed with anger and asked why. Ji explained in full and added, "The phrase 'wield power and dispense favor' is an explicit warning in the Book of Documents. The Son of Heaven does not speak in jest—this the ancients took seriously. I pray Your Majesty will consider it!" The Emperor at once sent to recall the edict.
32
21帝欲徙冀州士卒家十萬戶實河南，時天旱，蝗，民饑，群司以為不可，而帝意甚盛。 侍中辛毗與朝臣俱求見，帝知其欲諫，作色以待之，皆莫敢言。 毗曰：「陛下欲徙士家，其計安出？」 帝曰：「卿謂我徙之非邪？」 毗曰：「誠以為非也。」 帝曰：「吾不與卿議也。」 毗曰：「陛下不以臣不肖，置之左右，廁之謀議之官，安能不與臣議邪！ 臣所言非私也，乃社稷之慮也，安得怒臣！」 帝不答，起入內。 毗隨而引其裾，帝遂奮衣不還，良久乃出，曰：「佐治，卿持我何太急邪！」 毗曰：「今徙，既失民心，又無以食也，故臣不敢不力爭。」 帝乃徙其半。 帝嘗出射雉，顧群臣曰：「射雉樂哉！」 毗對曰：「於陛下甚樂，於群下甚苦。」 帝默然，後遂為之稀出。
21. The Emperor wished to relocate a hundred thousand households of Ji Province soldiers' families to populate Henan. There was drought, locusts, and famine, and the various offices all said it could not be done, yet the Emperor's resolve was very firm. Attendant Xin Pi and the court officials all requested an audience. The Emperor knew they meant to remonstrate and waited for them with an angry expression—none dared speak. Pi said, "Your Majesty wishes to relocate the soldier households—what is the plan behind this?" The Emperor said, "Do you mean that my plan to move them is wrong?" Pi said, "I truly believe it is wrong." The Emperor said, "I will not discuss this with you." Pi said, "Your Majesty, not deeming me unworthy, placed me at your side and made me one of your advisers—how can you refuse to discuss this with me! What I say is not for my private interest but for the altars of state. How can Your Majesty be angry with me!" The Emperor made no reply, rose, and went inside. Pi followed and seized his robe. The Emperor shook free and would not turn back; after a long while he came out and said, "Zuozhi, why do you hold me so tightly!" Pi said, "To move them now would lose the people's hearts and there is no food to sustain them—therefore I dared not fail to argue with all my strength." The Emperor then moved only half of them. The Emperor once went out pheasant hunting and said to his ministers, "Hunting pheasants is a great pleasure!" Pi replied, "It is a great pleasure for Your Majesty, but a great hardship for your ministers." The Emperor fell silent, and thereafter went out hunting far less often.
33
1春，正月，以議郎孔羨為宗聖侯，奉孔子祀。
1. In spring, the first month, Proposal Gentleman Kong Xian was appointed Marquis Who Honors the Sage to preside over sacrifices to Confucius.
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2三月，加遼東太守公孫恭車騎將軍。
2. In the third month, Gongsun Gong, prefect of Liaodong, was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry.
35
3初復五銖錢。
3. The five-zhu coin was restored for the first time.
36
4蜀中傳言漢帝已遇害，於是漢中王發喪制服，謚曰孝愍皇帝。 群下競言符瑞，勸漢中王稱尊號。 前部司馬費詩上疏曰：「殿下以曹操父子逼主篡位，故乃羈旅萬里，糾合士眾，將以討賊。 今大敵未克而先自立，恐人心疑惑。 昔高祖與楚約，先破秦者王之。 及屠咸陽，獲子嬰，猶懷推讓。 況今殿下未出門庭，便欲自立邪！ 愚臣誠不為殿下取也。」 王不悅，左遷詩為部永昌從事。 夏，四月，丙午，漢中王即皇帝位於武擔之南，大赦，改元章武。 以諸葛亮為丞相，許靖為司徒。
4. In Shu word spread that the Han emperor had been killed; the King of Hanzhong thereupon proclaimed mourning, put on mourning dress, and gave him the posthumous title Emperor Xiaomin. His followers vied in citing omens and portents, urging the King of Hanzhong to take the imperial title. Front Division Major Fei Shi submitted a memorial: "Your Highness came ten thousand li from home and gathered an army because Cao Cao and his son forced the emperor and usurped the throne, intending to punish these rebels. The great enemy is not yet defeated, yet you would first declare yourself emperor—I fear this will breed doubt in men's hearts. Formerly the High Ancestor agreed with Chu that whoever first defeated Qin would be made king. Even after he took Xianyang and captured Ziying, he still held back and deferred. How much less should you declare yourself emperor when you have not yet even marched beyond your own gates! This foolish servant truly cannot approve such a course for Your Highness." The King was displeased and demoted Shi to a staff post in Yongchang. In summer, the fourth month, on the day Bingwu, the King of Hanzhong took the imperial throne south of Wudan, proclaimed a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Zhangwu. Zhuge Liang was appointed Chancellor and Xu Jing Minister of Education.
37
::臣光曰：天生烝民，其勢不能自治，必相與戴君以治之。 苟能禁暴除害以保全其生，賞善罰惡使不至於亂，斯可謂之君矣。 是以三代之前，海內諸侯，何啻萬國，有民人、社稷者，通謂之君。 合萬國而君之，立法度，班號令，而天下莫敢違者，乃謂之王。 王德既衰，強大之國能帥諸侯以尊天子者，則謂之霸。 故自古天下無道，諸侯力爭，或曠世無王者，固亦多矣。 秦焚書坑儒，漢興，學者始推五德生、勝，以秦為閏位，在木火之間，霸而不王，於是正閏之論興矣。 及漢室顛覆，三國鼎跱。 晉氏失馭，五胡雲擾。 宋、魏以降，南北分治，各有國史，互相排黜，南謂北為索虜，北〔謂〕( 為) 南為島夷為) 南為島夷據章校及前文改。。 朱氏代唐，四方幅裂，朱邪入汴，比之窮、新，運歷年紀，皆棄而不數，此皆私己之偏辭，非大公之通論也。 臣愚誠不足以識前代之正閏，竊以為苟不能使九州合為一統，皆有天子之名，而無其實者也。 雖華〔夷〕( 夏) 仁暴夏) 仁暴據章校改。，大小強弱，或時不同，要皆與古之列國無異，豈得獨尊獎一國謂之正統，而其餘皆為僭偽哉！ 若以自上相授受者為正邪，則陳氏何所受？ 拓跋氏何所受？ 若以居中夏者為正邪，則劉、石、慕容、苻、姚、赫連所得之土，皆五帝、三王之舊都也。 若有以道德者為正邪，則蕞爾之國，必有令主，三代之季，豈無僻王！ 是以正閏之論，自古及今，未有能通其義，確然使人不可移奪者也。 臣今所述，止欲敘國家之興衰，著生民之休戚，使觀者自擇其善惡得失，以為勸戒，非若《春秋》立褒貶之法，拔亂世反諸正也。 正閏之際，非所敢知，但據其功業之實而言之。 周、秦、漢、晉、隋、唐，皆嘗混壹九州，傳祚於後，子孫雖微弱播遷，猶承祖宗之業，有紹復之望，四方與之爭衡者，皆其故臣也，故全用天子之制以臨之。 其餘地丑德齊，莫能相壹，名號不異，本非君臣者，皆以列國之制處之，彼此鈞敵，無所抑揚，庶幾不誣事實，近於至公。 然天下離析之際，不可無歲、時、月、日以識事之先後。 據漢傳於魏而晉受之，晉傳於宋以至於陳而隋取之，唐傳於梁以至於周而大宋承之，故不得不取魏、〔晉〕、宋、齊、梁、陳、後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周年號，以紀諸國之事，非尊此而卑彼，有正閏之辨也。 昭烈之漢，雖-{云}-中山靖王之後，而族屬疏遠，不能紀其世數名位，亦猶宋高祖稱楚元王後，南唐烈祖稱吳王恪後，是非難辨，故不敢以光武及晉元帝為比，使得紹漢氏之遺統也。
::Your subject Guang observes: Heaven gave birth to the teeming multitude; by nature they cannot govern themselves and must together set up a ruler to govern them. If he can restrain violence, remove harm, and preserve their lives; reward the good and punish the wicked so that society does not fall into chaos—such a man may be called a lord. Thus before the Three Dynasties, the lords within the seas numbered not merely ten thousand states; whoever possessed people and altars of state was commonly called a lord. He who united the myriad states under his rule, established laws and institutions, issued commands that none in the empire dared disobey—only such a man was called a king. When royal virtue declined, a powerful state that could lead the feudal lords in honoring the Son of Heaven was called a hegemon. Thus whenever the empire has lacked the Way, the feudal lords have fought for power, and ages have often passed without any true king—this too has been common enough. Qin burned the books and buried the scholars; when Han arose, scholars began to apply the theory of the Five Virtues in succession, treating Qin as an intercalary reign between wood and fire—a hegemony, not a true kingship—and thus the debate over legitimate and intercalary dynasties began. When the house of Han fell, the Three Kingdoms stood like a tripod. The house of Jin lost control of the realm, and the Five Hu peoples swarmed over it like clouds. From the Song and Wei dynasties onward, the realm was divided into northern and southern states, each with its own official history and each denouncing the other—the south called the north 'barbarian prisoners,' and the north [called— [text corrupted] [text corrupted]1 [Editorial note: 'the south as island barbarians' emended according to Zhang's collation and the preceding text.] [End editorial note.] When the Zhu clan replaced Tang, the realm split apart; when the Shatuo entered Bian, their reigns were compared to the last rulers of Xia and Shang and their years were cast aside and not counted. These are all partisan words born of private interest, not the impartial judgment of great fairness. Your servant is truly too dull to judge which former dynasties were orthodox and which intercalary; I venture to think that unless the Nine Provinces are united as one, every claimant has the title of Son of Heaven but not the reality of rule. Whether Chinese [or barbarian] ( [text corrupted] [text corrupted]2 [Editorial note: 'benevolent and tyrannical' emended according to Zhang's collation.] [End editorial note.] They differ in size and strength and from age to age, but in essentials they are no different from the feudal states of old—how can one alone exalt a single state as the legitimate succession and treat all the rest as usurpers and pretenders! If orthodoxy depends on receiving the throne from above, from whom did the Chen dynasty receive it? From whom did the Tuoba clan receive the throne? If orthodoxy depends on holding central China, then the lands held by Liu, Shi, Murong, Fu, Yao, and Helian were all the old capitals of the Five Emperors and Three Kings. If orthodoxy depends on virtue and the Way, then even the smallest states must have worthy rulers, and at the end of the Three Ages, were there not wicked kings as well! Thus the debate over legitimate and intercalary dynasties, from antiquity to the present, has never produced a judgment so clear and settled that no one could challenge it. What I now set forth aims only to narrate the rise and fall of states and record the weal and woe of the people, so that readers may judge for themselves what is good or bad, gain or loss, and take it as a warning—not like the Spring and Autumn Annals, which established a method of praise and blame to pull a chaotic age back to righteousness. As for which dynasties were orthodox and which intercalary, I do not presume to judge; I speak only according to the reality of their achievements. Zhou, Qin, Han, Jin, Sui, and Tang all once unified the Nine Provinces and passed the throne to posterity; though their descendants grew weak and were driven into exile, they still inherited the work of their ancestors and retained hope of restoration, and those in the four quarters who contended with them were all their former ministers—therefore I fully employ the institutions of the Son of Heaven in treating them. As for the rest, their territories were comparable in size and their virtue much the same; none could unify the others, their titles were no different, and they were not originally lord and minister—I treat them all by the institutions of feudal states, each side as an equal match, with no favor shown either way, so that the facts may not be falsified and the approach may come close to supreme fairness. Yet when the empire is divided, one cannot do without years, seasons, months, and days to mark the sequence of events. [End editorial note.] to record the affairs of the various states—not to honor one and demean another, nor to draw orthodox-intercalary distinctions.3 The Han of Zhaolie, though said to be descended from Prince Jing of Zhongshan, was distant in clan affiliation and its generations, ranks, and titles cannot be reliably traced; it is much like Song's High Ancestor calling himself a descendant of Prince Yuan of Chu, or Southern Tang's Founding Ancestor calling himself a descendant of Prince Ke of Wu—right and wrong are hard to distinguish—therefore I dare not compare them to Guangwu and Emperor Yuan of Jin and allow them to continue the remnant succession of the house of Han.
38
5孫權自公安徙都鄂，更名鄂曰武昌。
5. Sun Quan moved his capital from Gong'an to E and renamed the city Wuchang.
39
6五月，辛巳，漢主立夫人吳氏為皇后。 -{后}-，偏將軍懿之妹，故劉璋兄瑁之妻也。 立子禪為皇太子。 娶車騎將軍張飛女為太子妃。
6. In the fifth month, on the day Xinsi, the Han Ruler established Lady Wu as empress. The empress was the younger sister of General of the Left Yi and the former wife of Liu Zhang's elder brother Mao. He established his son Shan as crown prince. He took the daughter of General of Chariots and Cavalry Zhang Fei as the crown prince's consort.
40
7太祖之入鄴也，帝為五官中郎將，見袁熙妻中山甄氏美而悅之，太祖為之聘焉，生子叡。 及即皇帝位，安平郭貴嬪有寵，甄夫人留鄴不得見。 失意，有怨言。 郭貴嬪譖之，帝大怒。 六月，丁卯，遣使賜夫人死。
7. When the Grand Ancestor entered Ye, the Emperor was Commandant of the Five Offices of the Center; he saw Yuan Xi's wife, Lady Zhen of Zhongshan, was beautiful and was pleased with her; the Grand Ancestor arranged the betrothal for him, and she bore a son, Rui. When he took the imperial throne, Guo the Honored Consort of Anping had his favor; Lady Zhen remained at Ye and could not see him. Disappointed, she spoke resentfully. Guo the Honored Consort slandered her, and the Emperor was greatly angered. In the sixth month, on the day Dingmao, he sent an envoy to order the Lady to take her own life.
41
8帝以宗廟在鄴，祀太祖於洛陽建始殿，如家人禮。
8. Because the ancestral temple was at Ye, the Emperor sacrificed to the Grand Ancestor in the Jianshi Hall at Luoyang, using the rites of a family household.
42
9戊辰晦，日有食之。 有司奏免太尉，詔曰：「災異之作，以譴元首，而歸過股肱，豈禹、湯罪己之義乎！ 其令百官各虔厥職。 後有天地之眚，勿復劾三公。」
9. On the last day of the Wuchen cycle, there was a solar eclipse. The responsible officials memorialized to dismiss the Grand Commandant. An edict said: "When calamities and anomalies arise, they are meant to reprove the ruler, yet blame is shifted to his ministers—is this the meaning of Yu and Tang blaming themselves! Let all officials reverently perform their duties. If hereafter there are calamities of Heaven and Earth, do not again impeach the Three Excellencies."
43
10漢主立其子永為魯王，理為梁王。
10. The Han Ruler established his son Yong as King of Lu and Li as King of Liang.
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11漢主恥關羽之没，將擊孫權。 翊軍將軍趙雲曰：「國賊，曹操，非孫權也。 若先滅魏，則權自服。 今操身雖斃，子丕篡盜，當因眾心，早圖關中，居河、渭上流以討凶逆，關東義士必裹糧策馬以迎王師。 不應置魏，先與吳戰。 兵勢一交，不得卒解，非策之上也。」 群臣諫者甚眾，漢主皆不聽。 廣漢處士秦宓陳天時必無利，坐下獄幽閉，然後貸出。
11. The Han Ruler was shamed by Guan Yu's death and prepared to attack Sun Quan. General Who Assists the Army Zhao Yun said: "The nation's enemy is Cao Cao, not Sun Quan. If we first destroy Wei, Quan will submit of his own accord. Now though Cao Cao is dead, his son Pi has usurped the throne; we should follow the people's hearts, move early to seize Guanzhong, hold the upper reaches of the Yellow and Wei Rivers to punish the wicked rebels, and the righteous men east of the Pass will surely pack provisions and spur their horses to welcome the royal army. We should not set Wei aside and fight Wu first. Once the armies clash, they cannot quickly be disengaged—this is not the best strategy." Many officials remonstrated, but the Han Ruler would not listen to any of them. The reclusive scholar of Guanghan, Qin Mi, argued that the season and time would certainly bring no advantage; he was thrown into prison and confined, and then released on bail.
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初，車騎將軍張飛，雄壯威猛亞於關羽； 羽善待卒伍而驕於士大夫，飛愛禮君子而不恤軍人。 漢主常戒飛曰：「卿刑殺既過差，又日鞭撾健兒而令在左右，此取禍之道也。」 飛猶不悛。 漢主將伐孫權，飛當率兵萬人自閬中會江州。 臨發，其帳下將張達、范彊殺飛，以其首順流奔孫權。 漢主聞飛營都督有表，曰：「噫，飛死矣！」
Earlier, General of Chariots and Cavalry Zhang Fei was heroic, strong, and fierce, second only to Guan Yu; Yu treated the rank and file well but was arrogant toward scholar-officials; Fei loved and honored gentlemen but did not care for the soldiers. The Han Ruler often warned Fei: "Your punishments and executions are already excessive, and you daily whip and beat strong youths yet keep them at your side—this is the way to invite disaster." Fei still did not reform. The Han Ruler was about to attack Sun Quan; Fei was to lead ten thousand troops from Langzhong to join him at Jiangzhou. Just before setting out, his subordinate generals Zhang Da and Fan Qiang killed Fei, took his head, and fled downstream to Sun Quan. The Han Ruler heard that the camp commander of Fei's camp had submitted a memorial and said: "Alas, Fei is dead!"
46
::陳壽評曰：關羽、張飛皆稱萬人之敵，為世虎臣。 羽報效曹公，飛義釋嚴顏，並有國士之風。 然羽剛而自矜，飛暴而無恩，以短取敗，理數之常也。
::Chen Shou's appraisal says: Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were both called match for ten thousand men, tiger ministers of their age. Yu repaid Lord Cao in service; Fei in righteousness released Yan Yan—both had the bearing of true men of the realm. Yet Yu was stubborn and self-conceited; Fei was violent and without kindness—they failed through their faults, the constant pattern of fate.
47
12秋，七月，漢主自率諸軍擊孫權，權遣使求和於漢。 南郡太守諸葛瑾遺漢主箋曰：「陛下以關羽之親，何如先帝？ 荊州大小，孰與海內？ 俱應仇疾，誰當先後？ 若審此數，易於反掌矣。」 漢主不聽。 時或言瑾別遣親人與漢主相聞者，權曰：「孤與子瑜，有死生不易之誓，子瑜之不負孤，猶孤之不負子瑜也。」 然謗言流聞於外，陸遜表明瑾必無此，宜有以散其意。 權報曰：「子瑜與孤從事積年，恩如骨肉，深相明究。 其為人，非道不行，非義不言。 玄德昔遣孔明至吳，孤嘗語子瑜曰：『卿與孔明同產，且弟隨兄，於義為順，何以不留孔明？ 孔明若留從卿者，孤當以書解玄德，意自隨人耳。』 子瑜答孤言：『弟亮已失身於人。 委質定分，義無二心。 弟之不留，猶瑾之不往也。』 其言足貫神明，今豈當有此乎！ 前得妄語文疏，即封示子瑜，並手筆與之。 孤與子瑜可謂神交，非外言所間，知卿意至，輒封來表以示子瑜，使知卿意。」
12. In the seventh month of autumn, the Han Ruler personally led the armies to attack Sun Quan; Quan sent envoys to sue for peace with Han. The Administrator of Nan Commandery, Zhuge Jin, sent a letter to the Han Ruler saying: "Your Majesty, compared with the Late Emperor, how close were you to Guan Yu? How does the size of Jing Province compare with the whole empire? Both should be hated as enemies—which should come first and which after? If you weigh these points, the answer is easier than turning over your hand." The Han Ruler would not listen. At the time some said Jin had separately sent close kin to communicate with the Han Ruler. Quan said: "Ziyu and I have an oath unchanging in life or death; Ziyu's loyalty to me is like my loyalty to Ziyu." Yet slander spread abroad; Lu Xun made clear that Jin certainly had not done this and that something should be done to dispel such suspicions. Quan replied: "Ziyu has served with me for many years; our bond is like flesh and bone, and we understand each other deeply. As a man, he will not act against the Way or speak against righteousness. When Xuande once sent Kongming to Wu, I once said to Ziyu: 'You and Kongming were born of the same mother, and the younger follows the elder—in righteousness that is fitting—why not keep Kongming? If Kongming stayed and followed you, I would write to Xuande to explain—his heart would follow the man he chose.' Ziyu answered me: 'My younger brother Liang has already pledged himself to another. Having pledged his loyalty and fixed his station, in righteousness he has no second heart. My brother's not staying is like my not going.' His words could pierce through to the spirits—how could he now do such a thing! When I earlier received the slanderous letter, I immediately sealed it and showed it to Ziyu, and gave it to him in my own hand. Ziyu and I may be called joined in spirit; outside words cannot divide us. Knowing your intent has reached me, I immediately seal the memorial you sent and show it to Ziyu, so that he may know your intent."
48
漢主遣將軍吳班、馮習攻破權將李異、劉阿等於巫，進軍秭歸，兵四萬餘人，武陵蠻夷皆遣使往請兵。 權以鎮西將軍陸遜為大都督、假節，督將軍朱然、潘璋、宋謙、韓當、徐盛、鮮于丹、孫桓等五萬人拒之。
The Han Ruler sent Generals Wu Ban and Feng Xi to defeat Quan's generals Li Yi, Liu E, and others at Wu, advanced the army to Zigui with more than forty thousand troops, and the tribal peoples of Wuling all sent envoys to request troops. Quan made General Who Pacifies the West Lu Xun grand commander with provisional credentials and put him in command of Generals Zhu Ran, Pan Zhang, Song Qian, Han Dang, Xu Sheng, Xianyu Dan, Sun Huan, and others—fifty thousand men—to resist them.
49
13皇弟鄢陵侯彰、宛侯據、魯陽侯宇、譙侯林、贊侯兗、襄邑侯峻、弘農侯幹、壽春侯彪、歷城侯徽、平輿侯茂皆進爵為公； 安鄉侯植改封鄄城侯。
13. The Emperor's younger brothers, the Marquis of Yanling Zhang, the Marquis of Wan Ju, the Marquis of Luyang Yu, the Marquis of Qiao Lin, the Marquis of Zan Yan, the Marquis of Xiangyi Jun, the Marquis of Hongnong Gan, the Marquis of Shouchun Biao, the Marquis of Licheng Hui, and the Marquis of Pingyu Mao were all promoted in rank to duke; The Marquis of Anxiang Zhi was re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Juancheng.
50
14築陵雲臺。
14. The Lingyun Terrace was built.
51
15初，帝詔群臣令料劉備當為關羽出報孫權否，眾議-{咸云}-：「蜀小國耳，名將唯羽。 羽死軍破，國內憂懼，無緣復出。」 侍中劉曄獨曰：「蜀雖狹弱，而備之謀欲以威武自強，勢必用眾以示有餘。 且關羽與備，義為君臣，恩猶父子。 羽死，不能為興軍報敵，於終始之分不足矣。」
15. Earlier, the Emperor ordered the officials to estimate whether Liu Bei would march out to avenge Guan Yu against Sun Quan; the assembly all said: "Shu is a small state; its famous general was only Yu. Yu is dead and the army is broken; within the state there is worry and fear—there is no occasion to march out again." Attendant Liu Ye alone said: "Though Shu is narrow and weak, Bei's plan is to strengthen himself by might and majesty; the situation will surely require using many troops to show he has surplus strength. Moreover, Guan Yu and Bei were righteous as lord and minister, and their bond was like father and son. Yu is dead, and if he cannot raise an army to avenge the enemy, he falls short of the duty owed from beginning to end."
52
八月，孫權遣使稱臣，卑辭奉章，並送于禁等還。 朝臣皆賀，劉曄獨曰：「權無故求降，必內有急。 權前襲殺關羽，劉備必大興師伐之。 外有強寇，眾心不安，又恐中國往乘其釁，故委地求降，一以卻中國之兵，二假中國之援，以強其眾而疑敵人耳。 天下三分，中國十有其八。 吳、蜀各保一州，阻山依水，有急相救，此小國之利也。 今還自相攻，天亡之也，宜大興師，逕渡江襲之。 蜀攻其外，我襲其內，吳之亡不出旬〔月〕( 日) 矣日) 矣據章校及《魏志．劉曄傳》改。。 吳亡則蜀孤，若割吳之半以與蜀，蜀固不能久存，況蜀得其外，我得其內乎！」 帝曰：「人稱臣降而伐之，疑天下欲來者心，不若且受吳降而襲蜀之後也。」 對曰：「蜀遠吳近，又聞中國伐之，便還軍，不能止也。 今備已怒，興兵擊吳，聞我伐吳，知吳必亡，將喜而進與我爭割吳地，必不改計抑怒救吳也。」 帝不聽，遂受吳降。
In the eighth month, Sun Quan sent envoys declaring himself a subject, with humble words presenting a memorial, and also returned Yu Jin and the others. The court officials all congratulated him; Liu Ye alone said: "Quan seeks to surrender without cause—there must be urgency within. Quan earlier launched a surprise attack and killed Guan Yu; Liu Bei will surely raise a great army to attack him. Externally there is a strong foe; the people's hearts are unsettled; he also fears the Central State will seize the opportunity to strike—therefore he yields territory and seeks surrender: first to repel the Central State's army, second to borrow the Central State's aid, to strengthen his forces and make the enemy hesitate. The empire is divided in three; the Central State holds eight parts in ten. Wu and Shu each hold one province, blocked by mountains and relying on rivers; when urgent they rescue each other—this is the advantage of small states. Now they turn and attack each other—Heaven is destroying them; we should raise a great army and cross the river directly to strike them. Shu attacks them from without, we strike them from within—Wu's fall will not exceed ten days [months] ( [text corrupted] [text corrupted]4 [Editorial note: 'within ten days' emended to 'within ten months' according to Zhang's collation and the Biography of Liu Ye in the Records of Wei.] [End editorial note.] If Wu falls, Shu will stand alone; if half of Wu were cut off and given to Shu, Shu surely could not long endure—how much less when Shu gets the outer parts and we get the inner!" The Emperor said: "When a man declares himself a subject and submits, yet we attack him, we will make those throughout the empire who wish to come doubt their hearts—it is better for now to accept Wu's surrender and strike Shu afterward." He replied: "Shu is far and Wu is near; when they hear the Central State is attacking, they will at once withdraw their armies—we cannot stop them. Bei is already in a rage and has mobilized to strike Wu. Once he hears we are attacking Wu and knows Wu is doomed, he will press forward with joy to vie with us for a share of Wu's lands—he will surely not change course, swallow his fury, and come to Wu's rescue." The Emperor would not heed this advice and proceeded to accept Wu's surrender.
53
于禁鬚髮皓白，形容憔悴，見帝，泣涕頓首。 帝慰喻以荀林父、孟明視故事，拜安遠將軍，令北詣鄴謁高陵。 帝使豫於陵屋畫關羽戰克、龐德憤怒、禁降服之狀。 禁見，慚恚發病死。
Yu Jin's hair and beard had turned snow-white, his face gaunt and worn; when he appeared before the Emperor he wept and prostrated himself in the dust. The Emperor consoled him with the precedents of Xun Linfu and Meng Mingshi—generals who had failed yet been restored to grace—appointed him General Who Pacifies the Distant, and sent him north to Ye to pay homage at the Gaoling tomb. The Emperor had the tomb-pavilion painted in advance with scenes of Guan Yu's triumph, Pang De's defiant rage, and Jin's surrender. When Jin saw the paintings, shame and fury overwhelmed him; he took ill and died.
54
::臣光曰：于禁將數萬眾，敗不能死，生降於敵，既而復歸。 文帝廢之可也，殺之可也，乃畫陵屋以辱之，斯為不君矣！
::Your subject Guang observes: Yu Jin commanded tens of thousands, yet when defeated he could not bring himself to die—he surrendered alive to the enemy, and then came home again. Emperor Wen might have dismissed him or put him to death; instead he had the tomb-pavilion painted to humiliate him—this was unworthy of a sovereign!
55
16丁巳，遣太常邢貞奉策即拜孫權為吳王，加九錫。 劉曄曰：「不可。 先帝征伐天下，十兼其八，威震海內； 陛下受禪即真，德合天地，聲暨四遠。 權雖有雄才，故漢票騎帆軍、南昌侯耳，官輕勢卑。 士民有畏中國心，不可強迫與成所謀也。 不得已受其降，可進其將軍號，封十萬戶侯，不可即以為王也。 夫王位去天子一階耳，其禮秩服御相亂也。 彼直為侯，江南士民未有君臣之分。 我信其偽降，就封殖之，崇其位號，定其君臣，是為虎傅翼也。 權既受王位，卻蜀兵之後，外盡禮以事中國，使其國內皆聞，內為無禮以怒陛下； 陛下赫然發怒，興兵討之，乃徐告其民曰：『我委身事中國，不愛珍貨重寶，隨時貢獻，不敢失臣禮，而無故伐我，必欲殘我國家，俘我人民認為僕妾。』 吳民無緣不信其言也。 信其言而感怒，上下同心，戰加十倍矣。」 又不聽。 諸將以吳內附，意皆縱緩，獨征南大將軍夏侯尚益修攻守之備。 山陽曹偉，素有才名，聞吳稱籓，以白衣與吳王交書求賂，欲以交結京師，帝聞而誅之。
16. On the day dingsi, the Emperor dispatched Grand Master of Ceremonies Xing Zhen bearing an edict to invest Sun Quan as King of Wu, granting the Nine Bestowments. Liu Ye said: "This must not be done. The late Emperor campaigned across the empire and united nine parts in ten; his majesty shook the seas. Your Majesty received the abdication and ascended the throne; your virtue matches Heaven and Earth, your fame reaches the four corners of the earth. Quan may have heroic talent, but he is merely the former Han Cavalry General and Marquis of Nanchang—a title light in rank and low in prestige. The gentry and common people still hold the Central State in awe; we cannot forcibly press them into whatever design they propose. If we must accept his surrender, we may advance his general's title and enfeoff him as a marquis of one hundred thousand households—but we must not at once make him a king. The rank of king stands only one step below the Son of Heaven; its rites, precedence, dress, and regalia blur the line with the imperial. Were he merely a marquis, the gentry and people of Jiangnan would still lack a settled bond of lord and subject. We credit his feigned surrender, proceed to ennoble him, elevate his title and rank, and fix his status as sovereign and subject—is this not giving wings to a tiger? Once Quan receives the kingship, he will repel Shu's forces from behind; outwardly he will exhaust every courtesy in serving the Central State, letting all within his realm hear of it, while inwardly acting without courtesy to provoke Your Majesty— Your Majesty, suddenly enraged, will raise troops to chastise him; then at leisure he will tell his people: 'I have devoted myself to serving the Central State, not sparing precious treasures or rare goods, always presenting tribute and never failing in a subject's duty—yet for no reason you attack us, you must mean to destroy our state, capture our people, and make them your slaves and concubines.' The people of Wu would have no reason not to believe his words. Believing his words and stirred to anger, above and below united—their fighting strength would increase tenfold." Again the Emperor would not listen. The generals, seeing Wu submit from within, all relaxed their guard; only General Who Subdues the South Xiahou Shang further strengthened offensive and defensive preparations. Cao Wei of Shanyang, famed for talent, hearing that Wu had declared itself a vassal state, as a commoner exchanged letters with the King of Wu seeking bribes, intending to cultivate contacts in the capital; when the Emperor heard of this he had him executed.
56
17吳又城武昌。
17. Wu again fortified Wuchang.
57
18初，帝欲以楊彪為太尉，彪辭曰：「嘗為漢朝三公，值世衰亂，不能立尺寸之益，若復為魏臣，於國之選，亦不為榮也。」 帝乃止。 冬，十月，己亥，公卿朝朔旦，並引彪，待以客禮。 賜延年杖、馮几，使著布單衣、皮弁以見； 拜光祿大夫，秩中二千石； 朝見，位次三公； 又令門施行馬，置吏卒，以優崇之。 年八十四而卒。
18. Earlier, the Emperor wished to appoint Yang Biao as Grand Commandant; Biao declined, saying: "I once served the Han dynasty as one of the Three Ducal Ministers; when the age declined into chaos I could not achieve even the slightest good—if I now become a minister of Wei again, in the state's eyes it would be no honor either." The Emperor then desisted. In winter, during the tenth month, on the day jihai, the dukes and ministers attended the new-moon audience and all received Yang Biao, treating him with the courtesy due a guest. He was granted the staff of longevity and a folding armrest, and made to appear dressed in a plain cloth robe and a leather cap; appointed him Grand Master of Splendor, with salary rank of two thousand shi; at court audiences, his seat was ranked after the Three Ducal Ministers; furthermore his gate was granted the privilege of post-horses, and officials and soldiers were stationed there to honor and exalt him. He died at the age of eighty-four.
58
19以穀貴，罷五銖錢。
19. Because grain was dear, the five-zhu coin was abolished.
59
20涼州盧水胡治元多等反，河西大擾。 帝召鄒岐還，以京兆尹張既為涼州刺史，遣護軍夏侯儒、將軍費曜等繼其後。 胡七千餘騎逆拒既於鸇陰口，既揚聲軍從鸇陰，乃潛由且次出武威。 胡以為神，引還顯美。 既已據武威，曜乃至，儒等猶未達。 既勞賜將士，欲進軍擊胡，諸將皆曰：「士卒疲倦，虜眾氣銳，難與爭鋒。」 既曰：「今軍無見糧，當因敵為資。 若虜見兵合，退依深山，追之則道險窮餓，兵還則出候寇鈔，如此，兵不得解，所謂一日縱敵，患在數世也。」 遂前軍顯美。 十一月，胡騎數千，因大風欲放火燒營，將士皆恐。 既夜藏精卒三千人為伏，使參軍成公英督千餘騎挑戰，敕使陽退。 胡果爭奔之，因發伏截其後，首尾進擊，大破之，斬首獲生以萬數，河西悉平。
20. Zhiyuan Duo and others of the Lushui Hu in Liangzhou rebelled, and the region west of the Yellow River was thrown into turmoil. The Emperor recalled Zou Qi and appointed Zhang Ji, Governor of Jingzhao, as Governor of Liangzhou, dispatching Protector of the Army Xiahou Ru, General Fei Yao, and others to follow after. Over seven thousand Hu horsemen met Ji at Zhuanyinkou to resist; Ji publicly announced that his army would advance by way of Zhuanyin, then secretly marched out from Qieci toward Wuwei. The Hu took this for divine intervention and withdrew to Xianmei. Ji had already seized Wuwei when Yao arrived; Ru and the others had not yet reached there. Ji rewarded the officers and soldiers and wished to advance and attack the Hu; the generals all said: "The soldiers are weary, the enemy masses are keen in spirit—hard to contend with their edge." Ji said: "Now the army has no visible grain—we must take the enemy as our supply. If the enemy see our forces unite, they will retreat into the deep mountains; pursue them and the roads are perilous and we will be starved; if the army returns they will come out to watch and plunder—thus the army cannot be released. This is what is called 'let the enemy go for a day, and the disaster lasts for generations.' Thereupon the army advanced to Xianmei. In the eleventh month, several thousand Hu horsemen, taking advantage of a strong wind, intended to set fire and burn the camp; officers and soldiers were all afraid. By night Ji hid three thousand picked soldiers in ambush, had Adjunct Cheng Gongying lead over a thousand horsemen to offer battle, and ordered a feigned retreat. The Hu indeed raced after them in competition; then the ambush was sprung to cut off their rear, attacking from fore and aft; they were utterly routed—heads cut and captives taken numbered in the tens of thousands, and all west of the river was pacified.
60
後西平麴光反，殺其郡守。 諸將欲擊之，既曰：「唯光等造反，郡人未必悉同。 若便以軍臨之，吏民、羌、胡必謂國家不別是非，更使皆相持著，此為虎傅翼也。 光等欲以羌、胡為援，今先使羌、胡鈔擊，重其賞募，所虜獲者，皆以畀之。 外沮其勢，內離其交，必不戰而定。」 乃移檄告諭諸羌，為光等所詿誤者原之，能斬賊帥送首者當加封賞。 於是光部黨斬送光首，其餘皆安堵如故。
Later Qu Guang of Xiping rebelled and killed the prefect of his commandery. The generals wished to attack; Ji said: "Only Guang and his ilk rebel—the people of the commandery are not necessarily all alike. If we at once bring the army down on them, officials and people, Qiang, and Hu will all say the state makes no distinction between right and wrong, and each will hold fast in mutual resistance—this is giving wings to a tiger. Guang and his ilk wish to use the Qiang and Hu as support; now first send the Qiang and Hu to raid and attack, with heavy bounty rewards—whatever they capture and take, all is given to them. Externally check their momentum, internally sunder their alliances—surely without battle it will be settled." Thereupon a proclamation was circulated to notify the various Qiang: those misled by Guang and his ilk were forgiven; whoever could cut off the rebel chieftain and deliver his head would receive enfeoffment and reward. Thereupon Guang's partisans cut off and delivered Guang's head; the rest all dwelled in peace as before.
61
21邢貞至吳，吳人以為宜稱上將軍、九州伯，不當受魏封。 吳王曰：「九州伯，於古未聞也。 昔沛公亦受項羽封為漢王，蓋時宜耳，復何損邪！」 遂受之。 吳王出都亭候邢貞，貞入門，不下車。 張昭謂貞曰：「夫禮無不敬，法無不行。 而君敢自尊大，豈以江南寡弱，無方寸之刃故乎！」 貞即遽下車。 中郎將琅邪徐盛忿憤，顧謂同列曰：「盛等不能奮身出命，為國家並許、洛，吞巴、蜀，而令吾君與貞盟，不亦辱乎！」 因涕泣橫流。 貞聞之，謂其徒曰：「江東將相如此，非久下人者也。」
21. When Xing Zhen arrived in Wu, the men of Wu thought Sun Quan ought to style himself General-in-Chief and Lord of the Nine Provinces, and should not accept Wei's enfeoffment. The King of Wu said: "Lord of the Nine Provinces—never heard of in antiquity. In old days the Lord of Pei also received investiture from Xiang Yu as King of Han—this was merely suited to the times; what harm could there be in it!" Thereupon he accepted it. The King of Wu went out to the capital pavilion to await Xing Zhen; when Zhen entered the gate he did not alight from his carriage. Zhang Zhao said to Zhen: "In ritual nothing is without reverence; in law nothing goes unenforced. Yet you dare to hold yourself above others—is it because the south of the Yangtze is weak and small, without so much as a blade an inch long!" Zhen at once hurried down from his carriage. Central Palace Gentleman Xu Sheng of Langye, resentful and indignant, turned to his fellows and said: "We could not exert ourselves and give our lives, unite Xu and Luo for the state, swallow Ba and Shu—and now we make our lord ally with Zhen—is this not shame!" Then tears streamed down his face. When Zhen heard this he said to his followers: "Generals and ministers east of the river like this—they will not long remain another's inferiors."
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吳〔王〕( 主) 遣中大夫南陽趙咨入謝主) 遣中大夫南陽趙咨入謝據章校改。。 帝問曰：「吳王何等主也？」 對曰：「聰明、仁智、雄略之主也。」 帝問其狀，對曰：「納魯肅於凡品，是其聰也； 拔呂蒙於行陳，是其明也； 獲於禁而不害，是其仁也； 取荊州兵不血刃，是其智也； 據三州虎視於天下，是其雄也； 屈身於陛下，是其略也。」 帝曰：「吳王頗知學乎？」 咨曰：「吳王浮江萬艘，帶甲百萬，任賢使能，志存經略，雖有餘閒，博覽書傳，歷史籍，采奇異，不效書生尋章摘句而已。」 帝曰：「吳可征否？」 對曰：「大國有征伐之兵，小國有備御之固。」 帝曰：「吳難魏乎？」 對曰：「帶甲百萬，江、漢為池，何難之有！」 帝曰：「吳如大夫者幾人？」 對曰：「聰明特達者，八九十人； 如臣之比，車載斗量，不可勝數。」
Wu [King]( Lord) Lord)5 [Editorial note: 'King of Wu' emended from 'Lord of Wu' according to Zhang's collation.] [End editorial note.] The Emperor asked: "What sort of ruler is the King of Wu?" He replied: "A ruler who is intelligent, benevolent, wise, and strategically farsighted." The Emperor asked for particulars; he replied: "Taking Lu Su from common rank—that was his intelligence; promoting Lü Meng from the ranks—that was his discernment; capturing Yu Jin yet not harming him—that was his benevolence; taking Jing Province without blades blooded—that was his wisdom; holding three provinces and glaring tiger-like at the empire—that was his heroism; bowing in submission to Your Majesty—that was his strategy." The Emperor said: "Does the King of Wu know much of learning?" Zhao Zi said: "The King of Wu has ten thousand vessels on the river and a million armored men; he employs the worthy and uses the able, his intent fixed on statecraft and strategy. Though he has leisure besides, he broadly reads books and transmissions, histories and records, and gathers the strange and unusual—not merely imitating bookish men who pick passages and cull phrases." The Emperor said: "Can Wu be attacked?" He replied: "Great states have troops for campaigning; small states have defenses that are firm." The Emperor said: "Is Wu a match for Wei?" He replied: "With a million armored men and the Yangtze and Han as moats—what difficulty could there be!" The Emperor said: "How many men in Wu are like you, a grandee?" He replied: "Those outstanding in intelligence and penetrating insight—eighty or ninety men; men like myself—cartloads and bushel-measures, beyond counting."
63
帝遣使求雀頭香、大貝、明珠、象牙、犀角、玳瑁、孔雀、翡翠、鬥鴨、長鳴雞於吳。 吳群臣曰：「荊、揚二州，貢有常典。 魏所求珍玩之物，非禮也，宜勿與。」 吳王曰：「方有事於西北，江表元元，恃主為命。 彼所求者，於我瓦石耳，孤何惜焉！ 且彼在諒闇之中，而所求若此，寧可與言禮哉！」 皆具以與之。
The Emperor sent envoys to request from Wu sparrow-head incense, great shells, luminous pearls, ivory, rhinoceros horn, tortoiseshell, peacocks, kingfishers, fighting ducks, and long-crowing cocks. The ministers of Wu said: "The two provinces Jing and Yang have fixed tribute offerings. What Wei requests are precious playthings—not according to ritual; we ought not give them." The King of Wu said: "We are presently engaged with affairs in the northwest; the common folk beyond the river all rely on me for their lives. What they seek from us are but tiles and stones to us—why should I begrudge them! Moreover they are in mourning after bereavement, yet ask for things like this—can one discuss ritual with them!" All were fully supplied and given.
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22吳王以其子登為太子，妙選師友，以南郡太守諸葛瑾之子恪、綏遠將軍張昭之子休、大理吳郡顧雍之子譚、偏將軍廬江陳武之子表皆為中庶子，入講詩書，出從騎射，謂之四友。 登接待僚屬，略用布衣之禮。
22. The King of Wu made his son Deng crown prince and finely selected teachers and companions—making Zhuge Ke, son of Grand Administrator of Nanjun Zhuge Jin; Sun Xiu, son of General Who Pacifies the Distance Zhang Zhao; Gu Tan, son of Grand Judge of Wujun Gu Yong; and Chen Biao, son of Adjunct General of Lujiang Chen Wu all Supernumerary Palace Attendants. They entered to lecture on the Poetry and Documents and went out to follow in horsemanship and archery—he called them the Four Friends. In receiving and attending to subordinates, Deng generally used the courtesies of a plain-clothed gentleman.
65
23十二月，帝行東巡。
23. In the twelfth month, the Emperor went on an eastern tour.
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24帝欲封吳王子登為萬戶侯，吳王以登年幼，上書辭不受； 復遣西曹掾吳〔郡〕( 興) 沈珩入謝興) 沈珩入謝據章校及《吳志．孫權傳》注引韋昭《吳書》改。，並獻方物。 帝問曰：「吳嫌魏東向乎？」 珩曰：「不嫌。」 曰：「何以？」 曰：「信恃舊盟，言歸於好，是以不嫌； 若魏渝盟，自有豫備。」 又問：「聞太子當來，寧然乎？」 珩曰：「臣在東朝，朝不坐，宴不與，若此之議，無所聞也。」 帝善之。
24. The Emperor wished to enfeoff Sun Deng, prince of Wu, as a marquis of ten thousand households; the King of Wu, considering Deng still too young, submitted a memorial declining the honor; again sent Western Cao Attendant Wu [Commandery]( Xing) Xing)6 [Editorial note: "Shen Heng entered to give thanks" emended according to Zhang's collation and the commentary on Sun Quan's biography in Wu Zhi citing Wei Zhao's Wu Shu.] [End editorial note.] He also presented regional products. The Emperor asked: "Does Wu resent Wei's turning eastward?" Heng said: "No resentment." He said: "Why?" He said: "We trust in the old alliance and speak of restoring good relations, and for that reason feel no resentment; if Wei violates the alliance, we naturally have our preparations in place." He asked again: "I hear the crown prince is to come—is it so?" Heng said: "When I was at the Eastern Court, I did not sit in at court sessions or join at banquets; I have heard nothing of such talk." The Emperor approved of this.
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吳王於武昌臨釣臺飲酒，大醉，使人以水灑群臣曰：「今日酣飲，惟醉墮台中，乃當止耳！」 張昭正色不言，出外，車中坐。 王遣人呼昭還入，謂曰：「為共作樂耳，公何為怒乎？」 昭對曰：「昔紂為糟丘酒池，長夜之飲，當時亦以為榮，不以為惡也。」 王默然慚，遂罷酒。
At Wuchang the King of Wu held wine at the Fishing Terrace until he was thoroughly drunk; he had water sprinkled on the assembled ministers and said: "Today we drink deep—only when one is drunk enough to fall from this terrace shall we stop!" Zhang Zhao kept a stern face and said nothing; he went outside and sat in his carriage. The King sent men to summon Zhao back in and said: "We are only sharing merriment together—why so angry, my lord?" Zhao replied: "In olden days King Zhou of Shang built the wine-mound and wine-pool and held all-night drinking bouts; at the time men thought it glorious and did not think it wicked." The King fell silent in shame and stopped the drinking.
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吳王與群臣飲，自起行酒，虞翻伏地，陽醉不持； 王去，翻起坐。 王大怒，手劍欲擊之，侍坐者莫不惶遽。 惟大司農劉基起抱王，諫曰：「大王以三爵之後，手殺善士，雖翻有罪，天下孰知之！ 且大王以能容賢蓄眾，故海內望風； 今一朝棄之，可乎！」 王曰：「曹孟德尚殺孔文舉，孤於虞翻何有哉！」 基曰：「孟德輕害士人，天下非之。 大王躬行德義，欲與堯、舜比隆，何得自喻於彼乎？」 翻由是得免。 王因敕左右：「自今酒後言殺，皆不得殺。」 基，繇之子。
The King of Wu was drinking with his ministers and rose to offer wine in turn; Yu Fan prostrated himself and feigned drunkenness, refusing the cup; when the King had moved on, Fan rose and sat up. The King flew into a rage, drew his sword and was about to strike him; everyone present was struck with alarm. Only Grand Minister of Agriculture Liu Ji rose and held the King back, remonstrating: "Great King, to personally kill a good officer after the third cup—even if Fan is guilty, who in the empire would know the truth of it! Moreover, it is because you can embrace the worthy and gather men about you that the empire looks to you with hope; to cast that aside in a single morning—how can that be right!" The King said: "Even Cao Mengde killed Kong Wenju—what is Yu Fan to me!" Ji said: "Mengde killed scholar-officers lightly, and the empire condemned him for it. You personally practice virtue and righteousness and aspire to rank with Yao and Shun—how can you compare yourself to him!" Yu Fan thereby escaped with his life. The King thereupon ordered those at his side: "From now on, whenever anyone speaks of killing after wine, no one is to be killed." Ji was the son of Liu Yao.
69
25初，太祖既克蹋頓，而烏桓浸衰，鮮卑大人步度根、軻比能、素利、彌加、厥機等因閻柔上貢獻，求通市，太祖皆表寵以為王。 軻比能本小種鮮卑，以勇健廉平為眾所服，由是能威制餘部，最為強盛。 自雲中、五原以東抵遼水，皆為鮮卑庭，軻比能與素利、彌加割地統御，各有分界。 軻比能部落近塞，中國人多亡叛歸之； 素利等在遼西、右北平、漁陽塞外，道遠，故不為邊患。 帝以平虜校尉牽招為護鮮卑校尉，南陽太守田豫為護烏桓校尉，使鎮撫之。
25. At the outset, after the Grand Ancestor had defeated Tadun, the Wuhuan gradually declined; the Xianbei chieftains Budugen, Kebineng, Suli, Mijia, Jueji, and others, through Yan Rou, submitted tribute and sought to open trade. The Grand Ancestor memorialized the throne to ennoble them all as kings. Kebineng came from a lesser Xianbei clan; his courage, vigor, integrity, and fairness won the people's respect, and he was thus able to awe and control the other tribes, becoming the most powerful of them all. From Yunzhong and Wuyuan eastward to the Liao River all became Xianbei domain; Kebineng, Suli, and Mijia divided the land among themselves to govern, each with his own borders. Kebineng's tribes lay near the border forts, and many Chinese fled or defected to join him; Suli and the others lay beyond the border forts of Liaoxi, Right Beiping, and Yuyang; the distance was great, so they posed no border threat. The Emperor appointed Colonel Who Pacifies the Barbarians Qian Zhao as Protector Colonel of the Xianbei and Grand Administrator of Nanyang Tian Yu as Protector Colonel of the Wuhuan, and sent them to guard and pacify the tribes.
70
1春，正月，丙寅朔，日有食之。
1. In spring, on the first day of the first month (the day Bingyin), there was a solar eclipse.
71
2庚午，帝行如許昌。
2. On the day Gengwu, the Emperor proceeded to Xuchang.
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3詔曰：「今之計、孝，古之貢士也； 若限年然後取士，是呂尚、周晉不顯於前世也。 其令郡國所選，勿拘老幼； 儒通經術，吏達文法，到皆試用。 有司糾故不以實者。」
3. An edict stated: "Today's provincial recommendation and filial-piety selection are the ancient tribute-officer system; if selection were limited by age, then Lü Shang and Zhou Jin would never have risen to distinction in former ages. Let the commanderies and feudatories in making selections not be restricted by age; those who master the classics and the rites and those skilled in law and administration shall all, upon arrival, be given trial appointments. Responsible offices shall investigate and punish those who fail to recommend men of genuine merit."
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4二月，鄯善、龜茲、于闐王各遣使奉獻。 是後西域復通，置戊己校尉。
4. In the second month, the kings of Shanshan, Kucha, and Khotan each sent envoys bearing tribute. Thereafter contact with the Western Regions was restored, and the Wuji Colonel was installed.
74
5漢主自秭歸將進擊吳，治中從事黃權諫曰：「吳人悍戰，而水軍沿流，進易退難。 臣請為先驅以當寇，陛下宜為後鎮。」 漢主不從，以權為鎮北將軍，使督江北諸軍； 自率諸將，自江南緣山截嶺，軍於夷道猇亭。 吳將皆欲迎擊之。 陸遜曰：「備舉軍東下，銳氣始盛； 且乘高守險，難可卒攻。 攻之縱下，猶難盡克，若有不利，損我太勢，非小故也。 今但且獎厲將士，廣施方略，以觀其變。 若此間是平原曠野，當恐有顛沛交逐之憂； 今緣山行軍，勢不得展，自當罷於木石之間，徐制其敝耳。」 諸將不解，以為遜畏之，各懷憤恨。
5. The Han ruler was about to advance from Zigui to attack Wu. Administrator-attendant Huang Quan remonstrated: "The Wu men fight fiercely, and with the navy moving downstream, advance is easy but retreat will be hard. I beg leave to serve as vanguard and meet the enemy; Your Majesty should hold the rear." The Han ruler refused and instead made Huang Quan General Who Pacifies the North, assigning him to command all forces north of the Yangtze; while he personally led his generals south of the Yangtze along the mountain ridges, encamping at Yidao and Xiaoting. The Wu generals all wished to meet them in battle. Lu Xun said: "Liu Bei has marched his whole army east; their fighting spirit is at its peak; they hold the heights and guard the passes, and cannot be taken in a hasty assault. Even if an attack should succeed, complete victory would still be hard to achieve; any setback would damage our momentum grievously. For now, let us only encourage the troops, employ varied stratagems, and watch how matters develop. If this were open country, we might fear being thrown into disorder in a running pursuit; but marching along these mountain tracks, their forces cannot deploy; they will wear themselves out among the cliffs and boulders, and we can gradually overcome them at our leisure." The generals did not understand and thought Lu Xun feared the enemy; each nursed anger and resentment.
75
漢人自佷山通武陵，使侍中襄陽馬良以金錦賜五谿諸蠻夷，授以官爵。
The Han forces opened a route from Mount Hen through to Wuling and sent Palace Attendant Ma Liang of Xiangyang to bestow gold and brocades on the various tribal peoples of Wuxi, conferring offices and titles upon them.
76
6三月，乙丑，立皇子齊公叡為平原王、皇弟鄢陵公彰等皆進爵為王。 甲戌，立皇子霖為河東王。
6. In the third month, on the day Yichou, the Emperor invested his son Cao Rui, Duke of Qi, as Prince of Pingyuan, and his younger brothers, including Cao Zhang, Duke of Yanling, were all advanced to princely rank. On the day Jiaxu, the Emperor invested his son Cao Lin as Prince of Hedong.
77
7甲午，帝行如襄邑。
7. On the day Jiawu, the Emperor proceeded to Xiangyi.
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8夏，四月，戊申，立鄄城侯植為鄄城王。 是時，諸侯王皆寄地空名而無其實； 王國各有老兵百餘人以為守衛； 隔絕千里之外，不聽朝聘，為設防輔監國之官以伺察之。 雖有王侯之號而儕於匹夫，皆思為布衣而不能得。 法既峻切，諸侯王過惡日聞； 獨北海王兗謹慎好學，未嘗有失。 文學、防輔相與言曰：「受詔察王舉措，有過當奏，及有善亦宜以聞。」 遂共表稱陳兗美。 兗聞之，大驚懼，責讓文學曰：「修身自守，常人之行耳，而諸君乃以上聞，是適所以增其負累也。 且如有善，何患不聞，而遽共如是，是非所以為益也。」
8. In summer, in the fourth month, on the day Wushen, the Emperor invested Marquis of Juancheng Cao Zhi as Prince of Juancheng. At this time the feudatory princes held only nominal titles over registered fiefs, without real authority; each princedom had only a hundred-odd veteran soldiers for its guard; they were kept a thousand li away and denied audience at court; officials were appointed as aides and supervisors to watch and report on them. though they bore princely titles they were no better than commoners; all longed to live as ordinary men and could not. The laws were harsh, and reports of the princes' misdeeds reached the throne daily; only the Prince of Beihai, Cao Tan, was conscientious and studious and never gave cause for complaint. The literary attendants and defense aides said among themselves: "We are ordered to observe the Prince's conduct; faults must be reported, but virtues should also be reported." They jointly submitted a memorial praising Cao Tan's merit. Cao Tan, hearing of this, was greatly alarmed and rebuked the literary attendants: "Self-cultivation is ordinary conduct; yet you report it to the throne—you only increase my burden thereby. If I truly had merit, why worry that it would not be heard? Yet you hasten together in this way—this does no good at all."
79
9癸亥，帝還許昌。
9. On the day Guihai, the Emperor returned to Xuchang.
80
10五月，以江南八郡為荊州，江北諸郡為郢州。
10. In the fifth month, the eight commanderies south of the Yangtze were made into Jing Province, and the commanderies north of the river were made into Ying Province.
81
11漢人自巫峽建平連營至夷陵界，立數十屯，以馮習為大督，張南為前部督，自正月與吳相拒，至六月不決。 漢主遣吳班將數千人於平地立營，吳將帥皆欲擊之，陸遜曰：「此必有譎，且觀之。」 漢主知其計不行，乃引伏兵八千從谷中出。 遜曰：「所以不聽諸君擊班者，揣之必有巧故也。」 遜上疏於吳王曰：「夷陵要害，國之關限，雖為易得，亦復易失。 失之，非徒損一郡之地，荊州可憂，今日爭之，當令必諧。 備干天常，不守窟穴而敢自送，臣雖不材，憑奉威靈，以順討逆，破壞在近，無可憂者。 臣初嫌之水陸俱進，今反捨船就步，處處結營，察其佈置，必無他變。 伏願至尊高枕，不以為念也。」
11. The Han forces linked camps from the Wuxia Gorge and Jianping eastward to the border of Yiling, establishing dozens of encampments. Feng Xi was made grand commander and Zhang Nan front commander. From the first month they faced Wu without resolution through the sixth month. The Han ruler sent Wu Ban with several thousand men to establish a camp on level ground. The Wu commanders all wished to attack, but Lu Xun said: "There must be a stratagem here—let us watch for now." The Han ruler, seeing his stratagem had failed, withdrew eight thousand ambush troops from the valley. Lu Xun said: "The reason I would not hear of attacking Wu Ban was that I suspected some crafty design." Lu Xun submitted a memorial to the King of Wu: "Yiling is a strategic chokepoint, the gate and barrier of the state—though it may be taken easily, it may also be lost easily. To lose it would not merely forfeit one commandery—it would put all Jing Province at risk. Today's contest must end in success. Liu Bei has violated Heaven's constant and left his lair to offer himself up. Your subject, though lacking talent, relying on your majesty's authority to punish the rebel with righteousness, sees his destruction close at hand—there is nothing to worry about. I had feared he would advance by land and water together, but now he has abandoned his boats for marching on foot and camps everywhere. Observing his disposition, he clearly has no other plan. I humbly pray that Your Majesty may rest easy and give it no further thought."
82
閏月，遜將進攻漢軍，諸將並曰：「攻備當在初，今乃令入五六百里，相守經七八月，其諸要害皆已固守，擊之必無利矣。」 遜曰：「備是猾虜，更嘗事多，其軍始集，思慮精專，未可干也。 今住已久，不得我便，兵疲意沮，計不復生。 掎角此寇，正在今日。」 乃先攻一營，不利，諸將皆曰：「空殺兵耳！」 遜曰：「吾已曉破之之術。」 乃敕各持一把茅，以火攻，拔之； 一爾勢成，通率諸軍，同時俱攻，斬張南、馮習及胡王沙摩柯等首，破其四十餘營。 漢將杜路、劉寧等窮逼請降。
In the intercalary month, as Lu Xun was about to advance against the Han army, the generals all said: "We ought to have attacked Liu Bei at the outset; now he has been allowed in five or six hundred li and has held his ground for seven or eight months. Every strategic point is firmly defended—an attack can bring no gain." Lu Xun said: "Liu Bei is a cunning adversary, seasoned in many campaigns; when his army first assembled, his plans were keen and focused, and could not be challenged. Now he has been halted long, we hold the advantage, his troops are weary and dispirited, and his stratagems are exhausted. To take this enemy in a pincer—that time is now." He first assaulted one camp without success; the generals all said: "We are wasting our men for nothing!" Lu Xun said: "I already know how to break them." He ordered each man to carry a bundle of thatch, attacked with fire, and overran the camp; once momentum was gained, he led all the armies in a simultaneous assault, beheading Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, the tribal king Shamoke, and others, and breaking more than forty camps. The Han generals Du Lu, Liu Ning, and others, driven to the last extremity, begged to surrender.
83
漢主升馬鞍山，陳兵自繞，遜督促諸軍，四面蹙之，土崩瓦解，死者萬數。 漢主夜遁，驛人自擔燒鐃鎧斷後，僅得入白帝城，其舟船、器械，水、步軍資，一時略盡，尸骸塞江而下。 漢主大慚恚曰：「吾乃為陸遜所折辱，豈非天耶！」 將軍義陽傅肜為後殿，兵眾盡死，肜氣益烈。 吳人諭之使降，肜罵曰：「吳狗，安有漢將軍而降者！」 遂死之。 從事祭酒程畿溯江而退，眾曰：「後追將至，宜解舫輕行。」 畿曰：「吾在軍，未習為敵之走也。」 亦死之。
The Han ruler ascended Mount Ma'an and drew up his troops in a ring about himself; Lu Xun pressed all his armies forward and closed in from every side—the Han lines collapsed and disintegrated, and the dead numbered in the tens of thousands. The Han ruler fled by night; couriers themselves carried gongs and burned armor to cover the retreat, and he barely reached Baidi City. His boats, weapons, and supplies for the navy and infantry were lost at once; corpses choked the river downstream. The Han ruler, deeply shamed and bitter, said: "To be broken and humiliated by Lu Xun—is this not Heaven's will!" General Fu Rong of Yiyang served as rear guard; his men were all killed, and Rong's fighting spirit grew only fiercer. The Wu soldiers urged him to surrender. Rong cursed them: "Wu dogs! Would a general of Han ever surrender!" He died fighting. Cheng Ji, the Attendant Director of Sacrifices, retreated upriver. The men said: "The enemy will soon overtake us from behind—we should cast off the boats and travel light." Ji said: "I have served in the army and am not in the habit of fleeing before the enemy." He too died fighting.
84
初，吳安東中郎將孫桓別擊漢前鋒於夷道，為漢所圍，求救於陸遜，遜曰：「未可。」 諸將曰：「孫安東，公族，見圍已困，奈何不救！」 遜曰：「安東得士眾心，城牢糧足，無可憂也。 待吾計展，欲不救安東，安東自解。」 及方略大施，漢果奔潰。 桓後見遜曰：「前實怨不見救； 定至今日，乃知調度自有方耳！」
Earlier, Sun Huan, Central Guard General of Andong under Wu, had attacked the Han vanguard separately at Yidao and been surrounded by Han forces. He appealed to Lu Xun for relief. Xun said: "Not yet." The generals said: "Sun of Andong is of the ruling house, besieged and already in dire straits—why won't you rescue him!" Lu Xun said: "Andong has won the loyalty of his troops; his walls are strong and his grain ample. There is no cause for worry. Wait until my plan takes effect—even if we do not go to Andong's aid, he will break the siege on his own." When the plan was fully executed, the Han army broke and fled in rout. Later Sun Huan met Lu Xun and said: "I did resent your failure to rescue me; but only now do I understand that your command truly has its method!"
85
初，遜為大都督，諸將或討逆時舊將，或公室貴戚，各自矜〔恃〕( 持) 持) 據章校及《吳志．陸遜傳》改。，不相聽從。 遜按劍曰：「劉備天下知名，曹操所憚，今在境界，此強對也。 諸君並荷國恩，當相輯睦，共翦此虜，上報所受，而不相順，何也？ 僕雖書生，受命主上，國家所以屈諸君使相承望者，以僕尺寸可稱，能忍辱負重故也。 各在其事，豈復得辭！ 軍令有常，不可犯也！」 及至破備，計多出遜，諸將乃服。 吳王聞之曰：「公何以初不啟諸將違節度者邪？」 對曰：「受恩深重，此諸將或任腹心，或堪爪牙，或是功臣，皆國家所當與共克定大事者，臣竊慕相如、寇恂相下之義以濟國事。」 王大笑稱善，加遜輔國將軍，領荊州牧，改封江陵侯。
When Lu Xun first became grand commander-in-chief, his subordinates included veterans of the campaign against the usurpers and noble clansmen of the ruling house—each haughty and self-important on self) on self) emended according to Zhang's collation and the Biography of Lu Xun in Wu Zhi. , and would not obey one another. Lu Xun grasped his sword and said: "Liu Bei is renowned throughout the realm, and even Cao Cao feared him. Now he stands on our border—this is a formidable foe. All of you owe the state a debt of grace. You ought to work together in harmony to destroy this enemy and repay what you owe—yet you will not heed one another. Why? I am only a scholar, yet my ruler entrusted me with command. The state lowered you to serve under me because I am not wholly unfit for the task and because I can swallow humiliation and bear heavy burdens. Each of you has his duty—there is no more room for excuses! Military law is fixed and may not be violated!" When Liu Bei was finally defeated, most of the strategy had come from Lu Xun, and the generals at last submitted to his authority. When the King of Wu heard of this, he asked: "Why did you not report the generals who disobeyed orders at the outset?" He replied: "I owe the state a great debt. These generals are trusted intimates, capable instruments, or meritorious servants—all men the state must rely on to settle great affairs. I privately resolved to emulate Lin Xiangru and Kou Xun, who humbled themselves before each other for the good of the state." The King laughed and praised him. Lu Xun was promoted to Assistant State General, made Governor of Jing Province, and enfeoffed as Marquis of Jiangling.
86
初，諸葛亮與尚書令法正好尚不同，而以公義相取，亮每奇正智術。 及漢主伐吳而敗，時正已卒，亮歎曰：「孝直若在，必能制主上東行。 就使東行，必不傾危矣。」 漢主在白帝，徐盛、潘璋、宋謙等各競表言「備必可禽，乞復攻之。」 吳王以問陸遜。 遜與朱然、駱統上言曰：「曹丕大合士眾，外托助國討備，內實有奸心，謹決計輒還。」
Zhuge Liang and Fa Zheng, Director of the Masters of Writing, differed in personal taste, yet they respected each other in the service of the state, and Liang always admired Fa Zheng's intelligence and skill. When the Han ruler's attack on Wu ended in defeat, Fa Zheng was already dead. Zhuge Liang sighed and said: "If Xiaozhi were still alive, he would surely have restrained our lord from marching east. Even if he had marched east, disaster would surely not have befallen us." The Han ruler was at Baidi. Xu Sheng, Pan Zhang, Song Qian, and others each sent urgent memorials declaring that Liu Bei could surely be taken and begging permission to attack again." The King of Wu consulted Lu Xun. Lu Xun, Zhu Ran, and Luo Tong memorialized: "Cao Pi has massed a large army. Outwardly he claims to help us punish Liu Bei, but inwardly he harbors treacherous designs. We respectfully resolve to withdraw at once."
87
初，帝聞漢兵樹柵連營七百餘里，謂群臣曰：「備不曉兵，豈有七百里營可以拒敵者乎！ 『苞原隰險阻而為軍者為敵所禽』，此兵忌也。 孫權上事今至矣。」 後七日，吳破漢書到。
When the Emperor first heard that the Han army had planted palisades and linked camps for more than seven hundred li, he told his ministers: "Liu Bei knows nothing of war. Can a line of camps seven hundred li long possibly hold off an enemy? A host that encamps amid marshland, low ground, and rough terrain will be taken by the enemy'—that is a fundamental military taboo. Sun Quan's report of victory ought to arrive any day now." Seven days later, the dispatch from Wu announcing the defeat of Han arrived.
88
12秋，七月，冀州大蝗，饑。
In the twelfth year, in the seventh month of autumn, Jizhou suffered a plague of locusts and famine.
89
13漢主既敗走，黃權在江北，道絕，不得還，八月，率其眾來降。 漢有司請收權妻子，漢主曰：「孤負黃權，權不負孤也。」 待之如初。 帝謂權曰：「君捨逆效順，欲追蹤陳、韓邪？」 對曰：「臣過受劉主殊遇，降吳不可，還蜀無路，是以歸命。 且敗軍之將，免死為幸，何古人之可慕也！」 帝善之，拜為鎮南將軍，封育陽侯，加侍中，使陪乘。 〔漢〕( 蜀) 降人或云漢誅權妻子蜀) 降人或云漢誅權妻子此處司馬光未改「蜀」為「漢」，逕改。，帝詔權發喪。 權曰：「臣與劉、葛推誠相信，明臣本志。 竊疑未實，請須。」 後得審問，果如所言。 馬良亦死於五谿。
In the thirteenth year, after the Han ruler's defeat and flight, Huang Quan was stranded north of the river with his escape cut off. In the eighth month he led his troops to surrender. Han officials asked to arrest Huang Quan's wife and children. The Han ruler said: "I have wronged Huang Quan; Huang Quan has not wronged me." He treated them as before. The Emperor said to Huang Quan: "You have abandoned the rebel cause and come over to us. Do you wish to emulate Chen She and Han Xin?" He replied: "I received extraordinary favor from Lord Liu. I could not surrender to Wu, and I had no road back to Shu. That is why I submit to Your Majesty. Besides, a defeated general is lucky to escape with his life. What ancient hero is there for me to emulate!" The Emperor was pleased and appointed Huang Quan Pacifying South General, enfeoffed him as Marquis of Yuyang, made him Palace Attendant, and had him ride in the imperial escort chariot. [Han]( Shu) Shu)7 [Editorial note: In the phrase 'defectors said Shu had executed Quan's wife and children,' Sima Guang's original reading used 'Shu' rather than 'Han'; this has been directly emended.] [End editorial note.] The Emperor then ordered Huang Quan to hold mourning. Huang Quan said: "Lord Liu and Zhuge and I trusted each other fully. That should make my true intentions plain. I suspect this is untrue. I beg leave to wait and see." Later investigation proved it was exactly as he had said. Ma Liang also died at Wuxi.
90
14九月，甲午，詔曰：「夫婦人與政，亂之本也。 自今以後，群臣不得奏事太后，后族之家不得當輔政之任，又不得橫受茅士之爵。 以此詔傳之後世，若有背違，天下共誅之。」 卞太后每見外親，不假以顏色，常言：「居處當節儉，不當望賞，念自佚也。 外捨當怪吾遇之太薄，吾自有常度故也。 吾事武帝四五十年，行儉日久，不能自變為奢。 有犯科禁者，吾且能加罪一等耳，莫望錢米恩貸也。」
In the fourteenth year, on the day Jiawu in the ninth month, an edict declared: "When women take part in government, disorder follows. From this day forward, ministers may not submit affairs to the Empress Dowager. The empress's kin may not hold offices of regency, nor may they freely receive noble fiefs. Let this edict be handed down to later generations. Whoever violates it, the whole realm shall join in punishing him." Empress Dowager Bian never showed kindness when she received her kinsmen from outside the palace. She often said: "Live frugally. Do not expect gifts or rewards, thinking only to indulge yourselves. Outsiders may think me too cold, but I have my own standards. I served Emperor Wu for forty or fifty years and grew accustomed to thrift. I cannot suddenly turn to extravagance. If any of you break the law, I will only increase your punishment by one degree. Do not expect money, grain, or any special favor from me."
91
15帝將立郭貴嬪為后，中郎棧潛上疏曰：「夫后妃之德，盛衰治亂所由生也。 是以聖哲慎立元妃，必取先代世族之家，擇其令淑，以統六宮，虔奉宗廟。 《易》曰：『家道正而天下定。』 由內及外，先王之令典也。 《春秋》書宗人釁夏云：『無以妾為夫人之禮。』 齊桓誓命於葵丘，亦曰：『無以妾為妻。』 令後宮嬖寵，常亞乘輿，若因愛登后，使賤人暴貴，臣恐後世下陵上替，開張非度，亂自上起。」 帝不從。 庚子，立皇后郭氏。
In the fifteenth year, when the Emperor was about to install Honored Consort Guo as empress, Palace Gentleman Zhan Qian submitted a memorial: "The character of empress and consort is the source from which a state's rise and fall, order and chaos, proceed. That is why sage rulers take great care in choosing a principal consort, selecting women of ancient noble lineage who are virtuous and gentle to preside over the inner palace and serve the ancestral shrines with devotion. The Book of Changes says: 'When the way of the household is correct, the realm is settled.' To govern from within outward is the authoritative precedent of the ancient kings. The Spring and Autumn Annals records Officer of the Ancestral Temple Xing Xia as saying: 'There is no rite by which a concubine may be made the principal wife.' Duke Huan of Qi likewise swore at Kuiqiu: 'Do not make a concubine your wife.' Today the emperor's favorites in the inner palace always rank below the imperial chariot. If affection elevates a low-born woman to empress and grants a humble person sudden glory, I fear later ages will see subjects overturn rulers, propriety give way to license, and disorder rise from the very top." The Emperor did not heed him. On the day Gengzi, Empress Guo was installed.
92
16初，吳王遣于禁護軍浩周、軍司馬東里袞詣帝，自陳誠款，辭甚恭愨。 帝問周等：「權可信乎？」 周以為權必臣服，而袞謂其不可必服。 帝悅周言，以為有以知之，故立為吳王，復使周至吳。 周謂吳王曰：「陛下未信王遣子入侍，周以闔門百口明之。」 吳王為之流涕沾襟，指天為誓。 周還而侍子不至，但多設虛辭。 帝欲遣侍中辛毗、尚書桓階往與盟誓，並責任子，吳王辭讓不受。 帝怒，欲伐之，劉曄曰：「彼新得志，上下齊心，而阻帶江湖，不可倉卒制也。」 帝不從。
In the sixteenth year, the King of Wu sent Protector of the Army Hao Zhou and Army Major Dongli Gun to the Emperor, declaring his sincere submission in language of deep respect and earnest devotion. The Emperor asked Zhou and the others: "Can Sun Quan be trusted?" Hao Zhou thought Sun Quan would surely submit, but Dongli Gun said he could not be relied upon to do so. The Emperor favored Zhou's view, believing he had grounds for his judgment, and therefore enfeoffed Sun Quan as King of Wu. He again sent Zhou to Wu. Hao Zhou told the King of Wu: "If Your Majesty doubts whether the King of Wu will send his son to serve at court, I stake my entire household of a hundred lives upon it." Sun Quan wept until his tears soaked his robes and swore an oath to Heaven. Hao Zhou returned, but no hostage son arrived—only empty promises. The Emperor wished to send Palace Attendant Xin Pi and Director of the Masters of Writing Huan Jie to negotiate an oath of alliance and to press for the hostage son. The King of Wu declined. The Emperor grew angry and prepared to attack. Liu Ye said: "They have just won a great victory and stand united from top to bottom. Their land is defended by rivers and lakes. They cannot be subdued in haste." The Emperor did not heed him.
93
九月，命征東大將軍曹休、前將軍張遼、鎮東將軍臧霸出洞口，大將軍曹仁出濡須，上軍大將軍曹真、征南大將軍夏侯尚、左將軍張郃、右將軍徐晃圍南郡。 吳建威將軍呂範督五軍，以舟軍拒休等，左將軍諸葛瑾、平北將軍潘璋、將軍楊粲救南郡，裨將軍朱桓以濡須督拒曹仁。
In the ninth month, he ordered Campaign-East Grand General Cao Xiu, Forward General Zhang Liao, and Pacifying-East General Zang Ba to advance from Dongkou; Grand General Cao Ren to advance from Ruxu; Upper Army Grand General Cao Zhen, Campaign-South Grand General Xiahou Shang, Left General Zhang He, and Right General Xu Huang to besiege Nan Commandery. Wu's Establishing Prestige General Lu Fan commanded five armies and met Cao Xiu's forces with the navy. Left General Zhuge Jin, Pacifying North General Pan Zhang, and General Yang Can marched to relieve Nan Commandery. Vice General Zhu Huan, as Supervisor of Ruxu, held Cao Ren at bay.
94
17冬，十月，甲子，表首陽山東為壽陵，作終制，務從儉薄，不藏金玉，一用瓦器。 令以此詔藏之宗廟，副在尚書、秘書、三府。
In the seventeenth year, on the day Jiazi in the tenth month of winter, he designated the eastern slope of Mount Shouyang as the site of the Shou Mausoleum and wrote his final instructions, insisting on thrift: no gold or jade for burial, only earthenware vessels. He ordered the edict stored in the ancestral temple, with copies kept by the Masters of Writing, the Palace Secretariat, and the Three Offices.
95
18吳王以揚越蠻夷多未平集，乃卑辭上書，求自改厲； 「若罪在難除，必不見置，當奉還土地民人，寄命交州以終餘年。」 又與浩周書云：「欲為子登求昏宗室。」 又云：「以登年弱，欲遣孫長緒、張子布隨登俱來。」 帝報曰：「朕之與君，大義已定，豈樂勞師遠臨江、漢！ 若登身朝到，夕召兵還耳。」 於是吳王改元黃武，臨江拒守。
In the eighteenth year, because many of the Yang-Yue tribal peoples had not yet been pacified, the King of Wu wrote humbly to the Emperor, pledging to reform himself; "If my crimes are beyond forgiveness and I cannot be pardoned, I will return my lands and people and spend my last years in Jiao Province." He also wrote to Hao Zhou: "I wish to seek an imperial bride for my son Deng." He added: "Because Deng is still young, I wish to send Sun Changxu and Zhang Zibu to accompany him." The Emperor replied: "The bond between us is already settled in principle. Would I take pleasure in marching armies far to the Yangtze and the Han! If Deng presents himself at court in the morning, I will recall my armies by evening." Thereupon the King of Wu changed his era name to Huangwu and took up positions along the Yangtze to resist invasion.
96
帝自許昌南征，復郢州為荊州。 十一月，辛丑，帝如宛。 曹休在洞口，自陳：「願將銳卒虎步江南，因敵取資，事必克捷，若其無臣，不須為念。」 帝恐休便渡江，驛馬止之。 侍中董昭侍側，曰：「竊見陛下有憂色，獨以休濟江故乎？ 今者渡江，人情所難，就休有此志，勢不獨行，當須諸將。 臧霸等既富且貴，無復他望，但欲終其天年，保守祿祚而已，何肯乘危自投死地以求徼倖！ 苟霸等不進，休意自沮。 臣恐陛下雖有敕渡之詔，猶必沉吟，未便從命也。」 頃之，會暴風吹吳呂範等船，綆纜悉斷，直詣休等營下，斬首獲生以千數，吳兵迸散。 帝聞之，敕諸軍促渡。 軍未時進，吳救船遂至，收軍還江南。 曹休使臧霸追之，不利，將軍尹盧戰死。
The Emperor marched south from Xuchang on campaign and restored the name Jing Province to what had been called Ying Province. In the eleventh month, on the day Xinchou, the Emperor went to Wan. Cao Xiu, at Dongkou, memorialized: "I beg leave to lead elite troops in a tiger's stride across the Jiangnan, living off the enemy. Victory is certain. If I fail, Your Majesty need not grieve for me." The Emperor feared Cao Xiu would cross the Yangtze too hastily and sent relay horses to halt him. Attendant-in-ordinary Dong Zhao, standing at his side, said: "I notice Your Majesty looks troubled—is it only because Cao Xiu is crossing the Yangtze? Crossing the river is hard for any army. Even if Cao Xiu is eager to go, he cannot move alone—he will need the other generals. Zang Ba and the others are already rich and honored, with nothing left to seek but to live out their days and keep their stipends and rank. Why would they risk everything by plunging into mortal danger for a desperate gamble! If Zang Ba and the others refuse to advance, Cao Xiu's resolve will collapse on its own. I fear that even if Your Majesty issues an order to cross, Cao Xiu will still hesitate and not obey at once." Shortly afterward, a violent storm struck the Wu ships under Lü Fan and others, snapping every mooring line and driving them straight into Cao Xiu's camp. Thousands were killed or captured, and the Wu army broke apart. When the Emperor heard of this, he ordered all his armies to cross the river at once. Before the Wei armies could advance, Wu relief ships arrived; the Wu forces regrouped and withdrew south of the Yangtze. Cao Xiu sent Zang Ba in pursuit, but the effort failed; General Yin Lu was killed in action.
97
19庚申晦，日有食之。
19. On the last day of Gengshen, there was a solar eclipse.
98
20吳王使太中大夫鄭泉聘於漢《蜀志．先主傳》章武二年（ 222） 云：「冬十月，孫權聞先主住白帝，甚懼，遣使求和。 先主許之，遣太中大夫宗瑋報命。」 《吳志．孫權傳》黃武元年（ 222） 云：「十二月，權使太中大夫鄭泉聘劉備于白帝，始復通也。」 以上所引的《先主傳》、《吳主傳》兩段史文相比較，就會發現問題：劉備派遣宗瑋，時在冬十月； 孫權派遣鄭泉，時為冬十二月。 也就是，宗瑋東下在先，鄭泉西上在後，其間有兩月之差。 既然宗瑋東下在先，自然求和的主動者便應當是劉備，而非孫權。 司馬光綜合《先主傳》及《吳主傳》史文，卻未察覺宗瑋先于鄭泉兩月前往孫吳，致使次第出現顛倒。，漢太中大夫宗瑋報之，吳、漢復通。
The Records of Shu, Annals of the Former Lord, Zhangwu year 2 (8 222) states: "In the tenth month of winter, Sun Quan heard that Liu Bei was at Baidi and was greatly alarmed; he sent envoys to sue for peace. Liu Bei agreed and sent Grand Palace Attendant Zong Wei in reply." The Records of Wu, Biography of Sun Quan, Huangwu year 1 ( 222) states: "In the twelfth month, Sun Quan sent Grand Palace Attendant Zheng Quan to visit Liu Bei at Baidi, and diplomatic contact was restored." Comparing these two passages from the Annals of the Former Lord and the Biography of the Ruler of Wu, the problem becomes clear: Liu Bei dispatched Zong Wei in the tenth month of winter; Sun Quan dispatched Zheng Quan in the twelfth month of winter. In other words, Zong Wei went east first and Zheng Quan went west afterward—a gap of two months between them. Since Zong Wei went east first, Liu Bei—not Sun Quan—must have been the one who took the initiative in seeking peace. Sima Guang combined the texts of the Annals of the Former Lord and the Biography of the Ruler of Wu but failed to notice that Zong Wei reached Sun Wu two months before Zheng Quan, reversing the order of events. [End editorial note.] Han Grand Palace Attendant Zong Wei replied in turn, and Wu and Han restored diplomatic contact.
99
21漢主聞魏師大出，遺陸遜書曰：「賊今已在江、漢，吾將復東，將軍謂其能然否？」 遜答曰：「但恐軍新破，創夷未復，始求通親； 且當自補，未暇窮兵耳。 若不推算，欲復以傾覆之餘遠送以來者，無所逃命。」
21. When the Han Ruler heard that Wei was mobilizing in force, he wrote to Lu Xun: "The enemy is now on the Yangtze and Han rivers. I plan to march east again. Do you think they can do so?" Lu Xun replied: "I only fear their army has just been defeated, their wounds are not yet healed, and they have only just begun to seek peace through kinship ties; They must rebuild their strength and will have no time to exhaust themselves in war. If they fail to reckon carefully and try again to send their shattered remnants from afar, they will have nowhere to flee."
100
22漢漢嘉太守黃元叛。
22. Huang Yuan, the Hanjia administrator of Han, rebelled.
101
23吳將孫盛督萬人據江陵中洲，以為南郡外援。
23. Wu general Sun Sheng commanded ten thousand men holding the central islet at Jiangling to serve as external support for Nan Commandery.
102
=校刊記=
=Collation Notes=
Footnotes
- the south 'island barbarians'
- benevolent and tyrannical
- Since Han passed to Wei and Jin received it, Jin passed to Song down to Chen and Sui took it, and Tang passed to Liang down to Zhou and Great Song succeeded it, I must therefore use the era names of Wei, [Jin], Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou
- it is
- sent Grand Palace Attendant Zhao Zi of Nanyang to enter and give thanks
- Shen Heng entered to give thanks
- Some defectors claimed that Han had executed Huang Quan's wife and children
- The King of Wu sent Grand Palace Attendant Zheng Quan on a mission to Han