1
資治通鑑第075卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 75
2
【魏紀七】起柔兆攝提格，盡玄黓涒灘，凡七年。
[Wei Records, Seven] spans from the year Rouzhao-Shetige through Xuanyi-Tuoshan—a period of seven years.
3
邵陵厲公中正始七年（ 丙寅，公元二四六年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, Zhengshi year 7 ( bingyin cycle, AD 246)
4
春，二月，吳車騎將軍朱然寇柤中，殺略數千人而去。
In the second month of spring, Zhu Ran of Wu, Cavalry General, raided Zhazhong, killing and plundering several thousand people before withdrawing.
5
幽州刺史毌丘儉以高句驪王位宮數為侵叛，督諸軍討之； 位宮敗走，儉遂屠丸都，斬獲首虜以千數。 句驪之臣得來數諫位宮，位宮不從，得來歎曰：「立見此地將生蓬蒿。」 遂不食而死。 儉令諸軍不壞其墓，不伐其樹，得其妻子皆放遣之。 位宮單將妻子逃竄，儉引軍還。 未幾，復擊之，位宮遂奔買溝。 儉遣玄菟太守王頎追之，過沃沮千有餘里，至肅慎氏南界，刻石紀功而還，所誅、納八千餘口。 論功受賞，侯者百餘人。
Guanqiu Jian, Inspector of Youzhou, noting that Gong, king of Goguryeo, had repeatedly invaded and rebelled, led the armies in a campaign against him; Gong was defeated and fled. Jian sacked Wandu and beheaded or captured more than a thousand of the enemy. The Goguryeo minister Deilai had often remonstrated with Gong, but Gong would not listen. Deilai sighed and said, "Soon this place will be overgrown with weeds." He then refused food and died. Jian ordered his troops not to damage Deilai's tomb or cut his trees, and sent his wife and children away unharmed. Gong fled with only his wife and children. Jian led the army home. Before long Jian attacked again, and Gong fled to Maigou. Jian sent Wang Qi, Administrator of Xuantu, in pursuit. The chase ran more than a thousand li past Woju to the southern border of the Sushen people, where they carved a stone record of the campaign before turning back; those killed or taken captive numbered more than eight thousand. Merit was rewarded, and more than a hundred men were enfeoffed as marquises.
6
秋，九月，吳主以驃騎將軍步騭為丞相，車騎將軍朱然為左大司馬，衛將軍全琮為右大司馬。 分荊州為二部：以鎮南將軍呂岱為上大將軍，督右部，自武昌以西至蒲圻； 以威北將軍諸葛恪為大將軍，督左部，代陸遜鎮武昌。
In the ninth month of autumn, the Wu ruler made Bu Zhi, Flying Cavalry General, Grand Chancellor; Zhu Ran, Cavalry General, Left Grand Marshal; and Quan Cong, Guards General, Right Grand Marshal. Jing was split into two sections: Lü Dai, General of the Southern Pacification, was made Superior Grand General to supervise the western section from Wuchang west to Puqi; Zhuge Ke, Mighty North General, was made Grand General to supervise the eastern section, replacing Lu Xun at Wuchang.
7
漢大赦，大司農河南孟光於眾中責費禕曰：「夫赦者，偏枯之物，非明世所宜有也。 衰敝窮極，必不得已，然後乃可權而行之耳。 今主上仁賢，百僚稱職，何有旦夕之急，而數施非常之恩，以惠奸宄之惡乎！」 禕但顧謝，踧□而已。
Han proclaimed a general amnesty. Meng Guang of Henan, Minister of Grand Granary, publicly rebuked Fei Yi: "Amnesty is medicine for a withered limb—not something a bright age ought to rely on. When a state is broken and exhausted, there is no choice but to use it, and then only as a last resort. Now our ruler is humane and his ministers competent. What pressing crisis demands repeated extraordinary pardons that only indulge the wicked?" Fei Yi could only apologize and withdraw in embarrassment.
8
初，丞相亮時，有言公惜赦者，亮答曰：「治世以大德，不以小惠，故匡衡、吳漢不願為赦。 先帝亦言：『吾周旋陳元方、鄭康成間，每見啟告治亂之道悉矣，曾不語赦也。 若劉景升、季玉父子，歲歲赦宥，何益於治！』」 由是蜀人稱亮之賢，知禕不及焉。
Earlier, when Zhuge Liang was Chancellor, someone said he was reluctant to grant amnesties. Liang answered, "A well-ordered age is ruled by great virtue, not petty favors—hence Kuang Heng and Wu Han refused to issue pardons. The late emperor also said, "Among Chen Yuanfang and Zheng Kangcheng I heard every lesson on order and chaos, yet never once did they mention amnesty." Liu Biao and Liu Zhang, father and son, pardoned every year—what did that do for good government!" "From this the people of Shu praised Liang's wisdom and knew Fei Yi fell short of it.
9
陳壽評曰：諸葛亮為政，軍旅數興而赦不妄下，不亦卓乎？
Chen Shou remarked: Zhuge Liang governed amid constant warfare yet never issued amnesties lightly—is that not remarkable?
10
吳人不便大錢，乃罷之。
The people of Wu found large-denomination coins inconvenient, so the currency was withdrawn.
11
漢主以涼州刺史姜維為衛將軍，與大將軍費禕並錄尚書事。 汶山平康夷反，維討平之。
The Han ruler made Jiang Wei, Inspector of Liangzhou, Guards General, and he and Grand General Fei Yi jointly oversaw the Secretariat. The Pingkang Yi of Wenshan rebelled; Jiang Wei suppressed them.
12
漢主數出遊觀，增廣聲樂。 太子家令巴西譙周上疏諫曰：「昔王莽之敗，豪傑並起以爭神器，才智之士思望所歸，未必以其勢之廣狹，惟其德之薄厚也。 於時更始、公孫述等多已廣大，然莫不快情恣欲，怠於為善。 世祖初入河北，馮異等勸之曰：『當行人所不能為者。』 遂務理冤獄，崇節儉，北州歌歎，聲布四遠。 於是鄧禹自南陽追之，吳漢、寇恂素未之識，舉兵助之，其餘望風慕德，邳肜、耿純、劉植之徒，至於輿病繼棺，襁負而至，不可勝數，故能以弱為強而成帝業。 及在洛陽，嘗欲小出，銚期進諫，即時還車。 及穎川盜起，寇恂請世祖身往臨賊，聞言即行。 故非急務，欲小出不敢； 至於急務，欲自安不為； 帝者之欲善也如此！ 故《傳》曰：『百姓不徒附』，誠以德先之也。 今漢遭厄運，天下三分，雄哲之士思望之時也。 臣願陛下復行人所不能為者，以副人望。 且承事宗廟，所以率民尊上也，今四時之祀或有不臨，而池苑之觀或有仍出，臣之愚滯，私不自安。 夫憂責在身者，不暇盡樂，先帝之志，堂構未成，誠非盡樂之時。 願省減樂官、後宮，凡所增造，但奉修先帝所施，下為子孫節儉之教。」 漢主不聽。
The Han ruler went out on pleasure excursions again and again and expanded the palace musicians. Qiao Zhou of Baxi, Household Steward of the Heir Apparent, submitted a memorial of remonstrance: "When Wang Mang fell, heroes rose everywhere to seize the Mandate. Men of talent chose whom to follow not by the size of a faction's territory but by the weight of its virtue. Gengshi, Gongsun Shu, and others already held broad territories, yet each gave free rein to pleasure and neglected virtue. When Emperor Guangwu first entered Hebei, Feng Yi and others urged him, "Do what others will not do." He then redressed wrongful convictions, upheld frugality, and songs of praise spread from the northern provinces to the four corners of the realm. Then Deng Yu followed him from Nanyang; Wu Han and Kou Xun, though strangers, raised armies to help. Others came at the report of his virtue—Pi Yin, Geng Chun, Liu Zhi, and more, even the sick borne on litters and infants on backs, beyond counting—so that he turned weakness into strength and won the empire. Once in Luoyang he wished to slip out briefly; Yao Qi remonstrated, and he turned the carriage back at once. When bandits rose in Yingchuan, Kou Xun asked Guangwu to go in person against them; the emperor set out the moment he heard. For matters that were not urgent he wished to go out but dared not; for urgent matters he wished to rest but would not; such was an emperor's hunger to do good! Hence the Documents says, "The people do not attach themselves without reason"—they follow virtue first. Han now faces hard fortune and the realm is divided three ways—the hour when heroes and sages fix their hopes. I beg Your Majesty again to do what others will not do, and meet the people's hopes. Serving the ancestral temples is how a ruler leads the people to revere what is above; yet now seasonal sacrifices are sometimes missed while visits to parks and ponds continue. In my dullness I cannot be easy in my mind. One who bears the weight of rule has no leisure for full pleasure; the late emperor's design—the great work unfinished—is truly not a time for full pleasure. I ask that you reduce musicians and the inner palace, add nothing beyond what the late emperor left, and teach frugality to generations below." The Han ruler would not heed him.
13
邵陵厲公中正始八年（ 丁卯，公元二四七年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, Zhengshi year 8 ( dingmao cycle, AD 247)
14
春，正月，吳全琮卒。
In the first month of spring, Quan Cong of Wu died.
15
二月，日有食之。
In the second month, the sun was eclipsed.
16
時尚書何晏等朋附曹爽，好變改法度。 太尉蔣濟上疏曰：「昔大舜佐治，戒在比周； 周公輔政，慎於其朋。 夫為國法度，惟命世大才，乃能張其綱維以垂於後，豈中下之吏所宜改易哉！ 終無益於治，適足傷民。 宜使文武之臣，各守其職，率以清平，則和氣祥瑞可感而致也！」
At this time He Yan and other Masters of Writing attached themselves to Cao Shuang and were eager to alter laws and institutions. Grand Commandant Jiang Ji submitted a memorial: "When Great Shun assisted in rule, he warned against cliques; when the Duke of Zhou governed, he was wary of his companions. A state's laws and institutions can be set aright for posterity only by a heaven-sent genius—how should middle and lower officials be allowed to alter them! They do governance no good and only harm the people. Let civil and military officials each keep their posts and lead with clarity and peace—then harmonious qi and auspicious omens may be drawn down!"
17
吳主詔徙武昌宮材瓦繕修建業宮。 有司奏言：「武昌宮已二十八歲，恐不堪用，宜下所在，通更伐致。」 吳主曰：「大禹以卑宮為美。 今軍事未已，所在賦斂，若更通伐，妨損農桑，徙武昌材瓦，自可用也。」 乃徙居南宮。 三月，改作太初宮，令諸將及州郡皆義作。
The Wu ruler ordered timber and tiles from Wuchang Palace moved to repair and expand Jianye Palace. The responsible offices reported, "Wuchang Palace is twenty-eight years old and may no longer be sound; Your Majesty should order timber felled throughout the realm." The Wu ruler said, "Yu the Great prized humble dwellings. War has not ended and levies press on every district; more universal timber-cutting would harm farming. Wuchang's timber and tiles will serve well enough." He then took up residence in the Southern Palace. In the third month the Taichu Palace was rebuilt, and generals and provinces were ordered to supply labor as a public duty.
18
大將軍爽用何晏、鄧颺、丁謐之謀，遷太后於永寧宮； 專擅朝政，多樹親黨，屢改制度。 太傅懿不能禁，與爽有隙。 五月，懿始稱疾，不與政事。
Grand General Cao Shuang, following the counsel of He Yan, Deng Yang, and Ding Mi, moved the Empress Dowager to Yongning Palace; monopolized the government, built up a private faction, and altered institutions again and again. Grand Tutor Sima Yi could not restrain him and grew estranged from Shuang. In the fifth month Yi first claimed illness and withdrew from government.
19
吳丞相步騭卒。
Bu Zhi, Grand Chancellor of Wu, died.
20
帝好褻近群小，游宴後園。 秋，七月，尚書何晏上言：「自今御幸式乾殿及遊豫後園，宜皆從大臣，詢謀政事，講論經義，為萬世法。」 冬，十二月，散騎常侍、諫議大夫孔乂上言：「今天下已平，陛下可絕後園習騎乘馬，出必御輦乘車，天下之福，臣子之願也。」 帝皆不聽。
The emperor delighted in the company of petty favorites and feasted in the rear garden. In the seventh month of autumn, He Yan submitted a memorial: "When Your Majesty visits the Shigan Hall or the rear garden hereafter, great ministers should accompany you to discuss government and the classics, setting an example for ages to come." In the twelfth month of winter, Kong Yi submitted a memorial: "The realm is at peace; Your Majesty should cease riding in the rear garden and always use the imperial carriage when you go out—the blessing of the empire and the wish of your servants." The emperor would not heed either.
21
吳主大發眾集建業，揚聲欲入寇。 揚州刺史諸葛誕使安豐太守王基策之，基曰：「今陸遜等已死，孫權年老，內無賢嗣，中無謀主。 權自出則懼內釁卒起，癰疽發潰； 遣將則舊將已盡，新將未信。 此不過欲補衣定支黨，還自保護耳。」 已而吳果不出。
The Wu ruler mobilized a great host at Jianye and proclaimed an intention to invade. Zhuge Dan, Inspector of Yangzhou, had Wang Ji, Administrator of Anfeng, assess the situation. Ji said, "Lu Xun and the rest are dead; Sun Quan is old; within he has no worthy heir, and at court no strategist. If Quan goes in person he fears sudden rebellion within, like an abscess bursting; if he sends a general, the old commanders are gone and the new ones are not trusted. This is only patching his house and settling his faction—then returning to protect himself." In the end Wu did not march out.
22
是歲，雍、涼羌胡叛降漢，漢姜維將兵出隴右以應之，與雍州刺史郭淮、討蜀護軍夏侯霸戰於洮西。 胡王白虎文、治無戴等率部落降維，維徙之入蜀。 淮進擊羌胡餘黨，皆平之。
That year the Qiang and Hu of Yong and Liang rebelled and submitted to Han. Jiang Wei led troops through Longyou to meet them and fought Guo Huai, Inspector of Yongzhou, and Xiahou Ba, Protector of the Army Against Shu, west of the Tao. Hu kings Baihuwen, Zhiwudai, and others led their tribes to submit to Jiang Wei, who resettled them in Shu. Guo Huai advanced against the remaining Qiang and Hu bands and pacified them all.
23
邵陵厲公中正始九年（ 戊辰，公元二四八年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, Zhengshi year 9 ( wuchen cycle, AD 248)
24
春，二月，中書令孫資，癸巳，中書監劉放，三月，甲午，司徒衛臻各遜位，以侯就第，位特進。
In the second month of spring, Sun Zi, Director of the Secretariat, on the guisi day; Liu Fang, Supervisor of the Secretariat, in the third month on the jiawu day; and Wei Zhen, Minister over the Masses—each retired, took up residence as a marquis, and held the rank of Special Advancement.
25
夏，四月，以司空高柔為司徒，光祿大夫徐邈為司空。 邈歎曰：「三公論道之官，無其人則缺，豈可以老病忝之哉！」 遂固辭不受。
In the fourth month of summer, Gao Rou, Minister of Works, was made Minister over the Masses, and Xu Miao, Household Minister, was made Minister of Works. Xu Miao sighed and said, "The Three Excellencies are posts for expounding the Way; if no worthy man exists the office should stand empty—how can I disgrace it with age and illness!" He firmly declined and would not accept.
26
五月，漢費禕出屯漢中。 自蔣琬及禕，雖身居於外，慶賞威刑，皆遙先咨斷，然後乃行。 禕雅性謙素，當國功名，略與琬比。
In the fifth month Fei Yi of Han went out to garrison Hanzhong. From Jiang Wan through Fei Yi, though they served far from the capital, rewards and punishments were always decided by consultation from afar before being executed. Fei Yi was modest by nature, and his achievements in governing the state were roughly on a par with Jiang Wan's.
27
秋，九月，以車騎將軍王凌為司空。
In the ninth month of autumn, Wang Ling, Cavalry General, was made Minister of Works.
28
陪陵夷反，漢車騎將軍鄧芝討平之。
The Peiling Yi rebelled; Deng Zhi, Cavalry General of Han, suppressed them.
29
大將軍爽，驕奢無度，飲食衣服，擬於乘輿； 尚方珍玩，充牣其家； 又私取先帝才人以為伎樂。 作窟室，綺疏四周，數與其黨何晏等縱酒其中。 弟羲深以為憂，數涕泣諫止之，爽不聽。 爽兄弟數俱出遊，司農沛國桓范謂曰：「總萬機，典禁兵，不宜並出。 若有閉城門，誰復內入者？」 爽曰：「誰敢爾邪！」
Grand General Cao Shuang was arrogant and extravagant beyond measure; his food, drink, and dress rivaled the emperor's; precious curios from the imperial workshops filled his house; he also privately took the late emperor's talented women for musicians and entertainers. He built a vaulted chamber with carved lattices on every side and often drank there with his clique, He Yan and the rest. His younger brother Cao Xi was deeply troubled and repeatedly wept and remonstrated with him; Shuang would not listen. The Shuang brothers often went out touring together. Huan Fan of Peiguo, Minister of Agriculture, said to them, "You hold all affairs of state and command the forbidden troops—you should not go out together. If someone shuts the city gates, who will be let back in?" Shuang said, "Who would dare!"
30
初，清河、平原爭界，八年不能決。 冀州刺史孫禮請天府所藏烈祖封平原時圖以決之。 爽信清河之訴，雲圖不可用，禮上疏自辨，辭頗剛切。 爽大怒，劾禮怨望，結刑五歲。 久之，復為并州刺史，往見太傅懿，有忿色而無言。 懿曰：「卿得并州少邪？ 恚理分界失分乎？」 禮曰：「何明公言之乖也！ 禮雖不德，豈以官位往事為意邪！ 本謂明公齊蹤伊、呂，匡輔魏室，上報明帝之托，下建萬世之勳。 今社稷將危，天下凶凶，此禮之所以不悅也！」 因涕泣橫流。 懿曰：「且止，忍不可忍！」
Earlier, Qinghe and Pingyuan disputed their border, and for eight years the matter could not be settled. Sun Li, Inspector of Jizhou, asked to use the map in the imperial treasury from when Emperor Ming enfeoffed Pingyuan to settle the dispute. Shuang sided with Qinghe and said the map could not be used. Sun Li submitted a self-defense memorial in rather sharp language. Shuang was furious, impeached Sun Li for resentment, and sentenced him to five years. After a long while he was again made Inspector of Bingzhou and went to see Grand Tutor Sima Yi with an angry face but said nothing. Yi said, "Do you find Bingzhou too small? Are you angry that the boundary ruling went against you?" Sun Li said, "How mistaken you are, my lord! Though I lack virtue, would I brood over offices and past affairs! I had thought you would follow Yi Yin and Lü Shang, support the house of Wei, fulfill Emperor Ming's trust above, and build lasting merit below. Now the altars of state are in peril and the realm is in turmoil—that is why I am displeased!" Tears streamed down his face. Yi said, "Enough for now—endure what cannot be endured!"
31
冬，河南尹李勝出為荊州刺史，過辭太傅懿。 懿令兩婢侍，持衣，衣落； 指口言渴，婢進粥，懿不持杯而飲，粥皆流出沾胸。 勝曰：「眾情謂明公舊風發動，何意尊體乃爾！」 懿使聲氣才屬，說：「年老枕疾，死在旦夕。 君當屈并州，并州近胡，好為之備！ 恐不復相見，以子師、昭兄弟為托。」 勝曰：「當還忝本州，非并州。」 懿乃錯亂其辭曰：「君方到并州？」 勝復曰：「當忝荊州。」 懿曰：「年老意荒，不解君言。 今還為本州，盛德壯烈，好建功勳！」 勝退，告爽曰：「司馬公屍居餘氣，形神已離，不足慮矣。」 他日，又向爽等垂泣曰：「太傅病不可復濟，令人愴然！」 故爽等不復設備。
In winter Li Sheng, Intendant of Henan, went out as Inspector of Jingzhou and stopped to bid farewell to Grand Tutor Sima Yi. Yi had two maidservants attend him; they held his clothes and the clothes fell; he pointed to his mouth and said he was thirsty; a maid brought porridge; Yi drank without holding the cup, and the porridge ran down and stained his chest. Sheng said, "Everyone thought your old ailment had returned—who would have thought you were in such a state!" Yi made his voice barely carry and said, "I am old and bedridden; death is near. You are bound for Bingzhou—Bingzhou borders the Hu; take good care to prepare! I fear we shall not meet again; I entrust my sons Shi and Zhao to you." Sheng said, "I am to return to my native province—not Bingzhou." Yi then muddled his words and said, "Are you just now arriving at Bingzhou?" Sheng again said, "I am bound for Jingzhou." Yi said, "Old age has muddled my mind; I do not understand you. Now you return to your native province—great virtue and fierce spirit; achieve merit!" Sheng withdrew and told Shuang, "Lord Sima is a corpse with breath remaining; body and spirit are already parted—not worth worrying over." Another day he wept before Shuang and the rest again: "The Grand Tutor's illness cannot recover—it is deeply moving!" So Shuang and the rest no longer made preparations.
32
何晏聞平原管輅明於術數，請與相見。 十二月，丙戌，輅往詣晏，晏與之論《易》。 時鄧颺在坐，謂輅曰：「君自謂善《易》，而語初不及《易》中辭義，何也？」 輅曰：「夫善《易》者不言《易》也。」 晏含笑贊之曰：「可謂要言不煩也！」 因謂輅曰：「試為作一卦，知位當至三公不？」 又問：「連夢見青蠅數十，來集鼻上，驅之不去，何也？」 輅曰：「昔元、凱輔舜，周公佐周，皆以和惠謙恭，享有多福，此非卜筮所能明也。 今君侯位尊勢重，而懷德者鮮，畏威者眾，殆非小心求福之道也。 又，鼻者天中之山，『高而不危，所以長守貴。』 今青蠅臭惡而集之，位峻者顛，輕豪者亡，不可不深思也！ 願君侯裒多益寡，非禮不履，然後三公可至，青蠅可驅也。」 颺曰：「此老生之常譚。」 輅曰：「夫老生者見不生，常譚者見不譚。」 輅還邑捨，具以語其舅。 舅責輅言太切至，輅曰：「與死人語，何所畏邪！」 舅大怒，以輅為狂。
He Yan heard that Guan Lu of Pingyuan was skilled in divination and invited him to meet. In the twelfth month, on the bingxu day, Guan Lu called on He Yan, and He Yan discussed the Changes with him. Deng Yang was present and said to Guan Lu, "You claim to be skilled in the Changes, yet you never touch its text and meaning—why?" Guan Lu said, "One who is truly skilled in the Changes does not speak of the Changes." He Yan smiled and praised him: "Truly essential words without fuss!" He then asked Guan Lu, "Cast a hexagram for me—will I reach the Three Excellencies?" He also asked, "I have repeatedly dreamed of dozens of green flies gathering on my nose; I drive them away but they will not leave—what does this mean?" Guan Lu said, "In antiquity Yuan and Kai assisted Shun and the Duke of Zhou assisted Zhou—all through harmony, kindness, humility, and respect, and enjoyed abundant blessing. That is not what divination can reveal. Now your rank is exalted and your power heavy, yet few cherish virtue and many fear authority—this is scarcely the way to seek blessing with care. Moreover, the nose is the mountain at the center of heaven: "High yet not perilous—therefore long to keep nobility." Now foul green flies gather on it—those in lofty position topple, the lightly arrogant perish; you must ponder this deeply! I wish you would reduce the many and increase the few, tread nothing contrary to ritual—then the Three Excellencies may be reached and the green flies driven away." Deng Yang said, "This is the old pedant's usual chatter." Guan Lu said, "The old pedant sees no life; the usual chatterer sees no talk." Guan Lu returned to his lodging and told his uncle everything. His uncle reproached Guan Lu for speaking too bluntly. Guan Lu said, "When speaking with dead men, what is there to fear!" His uncle was furious and considered him mad.
33
吳交趾、九真夷賊攻沒城邑，交部騷動。 吳主以衡陽督軍都尉陸胤為交州刺史、安南校尉。 胤入境，喻以恩信，降者五萬餘家，州境復清。
In Wu, Yi bandits of Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen overran cities and towns, and the Jiao region was in turmoil. The Wu ruler made Lu Yin, Commandant Supervisor of Armies at Hengyang, Inspector of Jiaozhou and Pacifier of the South Colonel. Lu Yin entered the territory and won them with kindness and trust; more than fifty thousand households submitted, and the province was pacified.
34
太傅懿陰與其子中護軍師、散騎常侍昭謀誅曹爽。
Grand Tutor Sima Yi secretly plotted with his sons Shi, Central Protector of the Army, and Zhao, Regular Attendant, to kill Cao Shuang.
35
邵陵厲公中嘉平元年（ 己巳，公元二四九年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, Jiaping year 1 ( jisi cycle, AD 249)
36
春，正月，甲午，帝謁高平陵，大將軍爽與弟中領軍羲、武衛將軍訓、散騎常侍彥皆從。 太傅懿以皇太后令，閉諸城門，勒兵據武庫，授兵出屯洛水浮橋，召司徒高柔假節行大將軍事，據爽營，太僕王觀行中領軍事，據羲營。 因奏爽罪惡於帝曰； 「臣昔從遼東還，先帝詔陛下、秦王及臣升御床，把臣臂，深以後事為念。 臣言『太祖、高祖亦屬臣以後事，此自陛下所見，無所憂苦。 萬一有不如意，臣當以死奉明詔。』 今大將軍爽，背棄顧命，敗亂國典，內則僭擬，外則專權，破壞諸營，盡據禁兵，群官要職，皆置所親，殿中宿衛，易以私人，根據盤互，縱恣日甚，又以黃門張當為都監，伺察至尊，離間二宮，傷害骨肉，天下洶洶，人懷危懼。 陛下便為寄坐，豈得久安！ 此非先帝詔陛下及臣升御床之本意也。 臣雖朽邁，敢忘往言！ 太尉臣濟等皆以爽為有無君之心，兄弟不宜典兵宿衛，奏永寧宮，皇太后令敕臣如奏施行。 臣輒敕主者及黃門令『罷爽、羲、訓吏兵，以侯就第，不得逗留，以稽車駕； 敢有稽留，便以軍法從事！』 臣輒力疾將兵屯洛水浮橋，伺察非常。」 爽得懿奏事，不通； 迫窘不知所為，留車駕宿伊水南，伐木為鹿角，發屯田兵數千人以為衛。
In the first month of spring, on the jiawu day, the emperor visited the Gaoping Tombs. Grand General Cao Shuang and his younger brothers Xi, Central Protector of the Army, Xun, Martial Guards General, and Yan, Regular Attendant, all accompanied him. Grand Tutor Sima Yi, by the Empress Dowager's order, closed all city gates, mustered troops and seized the armory, issued arms and garrisoned the Luo River pontoon bridge, summoned Gao Rou, Minister over the Masses, with borrowed tally to act as Grand General and seize Shuang's camp, and Wang Guan, Minister of Coaches, to act as Central Protector of the Army and seize Xi's camp. He then memorialized Shuang's crimes to the emperor: " When I once returned from Liaodong, the late emperor ordered Your Majesty, the Prince of Qin, and me to ascend the imperial couch. He grasped my arm and was deeply concerned about affairs thereafter. I said, "The Founding Emperor and the High Emperor also entrusted later affairs to me—this Your Majesty has yourself seen; there is nothing to worry over. If by any chance things should not go as wished, I will die upholding the enlightened edict." Now Grand General Shuang has betrayed the dying charge, ruined the state's institutions, usurped authority within and monopolized power without, destroyed the camps and seized the forbidden troops, placed his intimates in all key offices, replaced the palace guards with private men, and grown more licentious daily. He made Zhang Dang of the Yellow Gate chief overseer to spy on Your Majesty, estrange the two palaces, and harm your kin. The realm is in uproar and men live in dread. Your Majesty would then be a guest on the throne—how could you long remain secure! This was not the late emperor's intent when he ordered Your Majesty and me to ascend the imperial couch. Though I am decayed and aged, how dare I forget my former words! Grand Commandant Jiang Ji and others all hold that Shuang lacks loyalty to his ruler; the brothers are not fit to command troops and guard the palace. They memorialized Yongning Palace, and the Empress Dowager ordered me to carry out the memorial as submitted. I have immediately ordered the chief clerk and the Director of the Yellow Gate: "Dismiss the officials and troops of Shuang, Xi, and Xun; let them take marquis rank and retire to their estates; they may not linger and delay the imperial carriage; whoever dares linger shall be dealt with by military law!" I have immediately, though ill, led troops to garrison the Luo River pontoon bridge and watch for the unusual." Shuang received Yi's memorial but could not get through; pressed and distressed, he knew not what to do. He kept the imperial carriage to lodge south of the Yi River, felled trees for palisades, and mobilized several thousand garrison-farm soldiers as guards.
37
懿使侍中高陽、許允及尚書陳泰說爽宜早自歸罪，又使爽所信殿中校尉尹大目謂爽，唯免官而已，以洛水為誓。 泰，群之子也。
Yi sent Gao Yang and Xu Yun, Attendants Within, and Chen Tai, Master of Writing, to persuade Shuang to submit early; he also sent Yin Damu, Palace Commandant, whom Shuang trusted, to tell him he would only be dismissed from office, swearing by the Luo River. Chen Tai was the son of Chen Qun.
38
初，爽以桓范鄉里老宿，於九卿中特禮之，然不甚親也。 及懿起兵，以太后令召范，欲使行中領軍。 范欲應命，其子止之曰：「車駕在外，不如南出。」 范乃出。 至平昌城門，城門已閉。 門候司蕃，故范舉吏也，范舉手中版以示之，矯曰：「有詔召我，卿促開門！」 蕃欲求見詔書，范呵之曰：「卿非我故吏邪？ 何以敢爾！」 乃開之。 范出城，顧謂蕃曰：「太傅圖逆，卿從我去！」 蕃徒行不能及，遂避側。 懿謂蔣濟曰：「智囊往矣！」 濟曰：「范則智矣，然駑馬戀棧豆，爽必不能用也。」
Earlier, because Huan Fan was an elder of his native place, Shuang treated him with special ceremony among the Nine Ministers, yet was not very close to him. When Yi raised troops, by the Empress Dowager's order he summoned Fan, intending to have him act as Central Protector of the Army. Fan wished to answer the summons; his son stopped him: "The imperial carriage is outside—better to go out south." Fan then went out. When he reached the Pingchang gate, the gate was already closed. Gate warden Si Fan, once a clerk Fan had recommended, received him. Fan raised the tablet in his hand and falsely said, "There is an edict summoning me—open the gate at once!" Si Fan wished to see the edict. Fan shouted at him, "Are you not my former clerk? How dare you act like this!" He then opened it. Fan left the city and, looking back, said to Si Fan, "The Grand Tutor plots rebellion—follow me!" Si Fan on foot could not keep up and hid to one side. Yi said to Jiang Ji, "The wisdom-bag has gone!" Jiang Ji said, "Fan is wise, but a nag loves its manger—Shuang will surely not use him."
39
范至，勸爽兄弟以天子詣許昌，發四方兵以自輔。 爽疑未決，范謂羲曰：「此事昭然，卿用讀書何為邪！ 於今日卿等門戶，求貧賤復可得乎！ 且匹夫質一人，尚慾望活； 卿與天子相隨，令於天下，誰敢不應也！」 俱不言。 范又謂羲曰：「卿別營近在闕南，洛陽典農治在城外，呼召如意。 今詣許昌，不過中宿，許昌別庫，足相被假； 所憂當在谷食，而大司農印章在我身。」 羲兄弟默然不從，自甲夜至五鼓，爽乃投刀於地曰：「我亦不失作富家翁！」 范哭曰：「曹子丹佳人，生汝兄弟，犬屯犢耳！ 何圖今日坐汝等族滅也！」
When Fan arrived, he urged the Shuang brothers to take the emperor to Xuchang and raise troops from the four quarters to support themselves. Shuang hesitated and could not decide. Fan said to Xi, "This matter is plain as day—what use were all your books! From today on could your house even seek poverty again! Moreover, a common man who holds one hostage still hopes to live; you follow the emperor and command the realm—who would dare not respond!" All were silent. Fan again said to Xi, "Your separate camp is near south of the palace gate; the Luoyang Director of Agriculture's office is outside the walls—summon them as you wish. Going now to Xuchang is no more than an overnight stop; Xuchang's storehouses are sufficient to supply you; what should be worried over is grain—and the Grand Minister of Agriculture's seal is on my person." The Xi brothers were silent and would not follow. From the first watch until the fifth drum, Shuang at last cast his sword to the ground and said, "I shall still not fail to die a rich man!" Fan wept and said, "Cao Zhen was a fine man—he fathered you brothers, a kennel of dogs and calves! Who would have thought that today I should see your clan exterminated!"
40
爽乃通懿奏事，白帝下詔免己官，奉帝還宮。 爽兄弟歸家，懿發洛陽吏卒圍守之； 四角作高樓，令人在樓上察視爽兄弟舉動。 爽挾彈到後園中，樓上便唱言：「故大將軍東南行！」 爽愁悶不知為計。
Shuang then got through Yi's memorial, had the emperor issue an edict dismissing his own office, and escorted the emperor back to the palace. The Shuang brothers returned home, and Sima Yi dispatched Luoyang clerks and soldiers to surround and guard them; At the four corners they built tall towers and posted men on them to watch the Shuang brothers' every move. Shuang went to the rear garden with his pellet bow; from the tower at once came a shout: "The former Grand General is heading southeast!" Shuang was anguished and depressed, not knowing what to do.
41
戊戌，有司奏：「黃門張當私以所擇才人與爽，疑有奸。」 收當付廷尉考實，辭云：「爽與尚書何晏、鄧颺、丁謐、司隸校尉畢軌、荊州刺史李勝等陰謀反逆，須三月中發。」 於是收爽、羲、訓、晏、颺、謐、軌、勝並桓范皆下獄，劾以大逆不道，與張當俱夷三族。
On the wuxu day, the relevant offices reported: "Yellow Gate Zhang Dang had privately given selected palace women to Shuang, and improper relations were suspected." Zhang Dang was arrested and handed to the Minister of Justice for interrogation; he testified that Shuang, together with Masters of Writing He Yan, Deng Yang, and Ding Mi, Director of Retainers Bi Gui, and Inspector of Jing Province Li Sheng and others, had secretly plotted rebellion to be launched in the third month." Thereupon Shuang, Xi, Xun, Yan, Yang, Mi, Gui, Sheng, and Huan Fan were all imprisoned; charged with great treason, they and Zhang Dang had their three clans exterminated.
42
初，爽之出也，司馬魯芝留在府，聞有變，將營騎斫津門出赴爽。 及爽解印綬，將出，主簿楊綜止之曰：「公挾主握權，捨此以至東市乎？」 有司奏收芝、綜治罪，太傅懿曰：「彼各為其主也。 宥之。」 頃之，以芝為御史中丞，綜為尚書郎。
Earlier, when Shuang set out, Major Lu Zhi had remained at headquarters; hearing of the coup, he was about to lead the camp cavalry through the ferry gate to join Shuang. When Shuang removed his seal and cord and was about to leave, Chief Clerk Yang Zong stopped him, saying: "You held the emperor and wielded power—will you abandon all this only to end up at the Eastern Market?" The relevant offices memorialized to arrest Lu Zhi and Yang Zong for punishment; Grand Tutor Sima Yi said: "Each was serving his own master. Pardon them." Before long, Lu Zhi was appointed Palace Censor, and Yang Zong was appointed Master of Writing Attendant.
43
魯芝將出，呼參軍辛敞欲與俱去。 敞，毘之子也，其姊憲英為太常羊耽妻，敞與之謀曰：「天子在外，太傅閉城門，人云將不利國家，於事可得爾乎？」 憲英曰：「以吾度之，太傅此舉，不過以誅曹爽耳。」 敞曰：「然則事就乎？」 憲英曰：「得無殆就！ 爽之才非太傅之偶也。」 敞曰：「然則敞可以無出乎？」 憲英曰：「安可以不出！ 職守，人之大義也。 凡人在難，猶或恤之； 為人執鞭而棄其事，不祥莫大焉。 且為人任，為人死，親暱之職也，從眾而已。」 敞遂出。 事定之後，敞歎曰：「吾不謀於姊，幾不獲於義。」
As Lu Zhi was about to go out, he called Staff Officer Xin Chang and wanted to go with him. Chang was the son of Pi; his elder sister Xianying was the wife of Grand Minister of Ceremonies Yang Dan. Chang consulted with her, saying: "The emperor is outside the city, and the Grand Tutor has closed the gates—people say he intends harm to the state; can that really be so?" Xianying said: "By my estimate, the Grand Tutor's move is nothing more than to execute Cao Shuang." Chang said: "Then will it succeed?" Xianying said: "Almost certainly! Shuang's talent is no match for the Grand Tutor's." Chang said: "Then may I stay and not go out?" Xianying said: "How can you not go out! Duty is humanity's greatest principle. When anyone is in difficulty, one may still pity him; to take another's whip yet abandon one's post—no ill omen could be greater. Moreover, to be employed by someone is to die for someone—that is the duty of a close retainer; one simply follows the crowd." Chang then went out. After matters were settled, Chang sighed and said: "Had I not consulted my elder sister, I would nearly have failed to do what was right."
44
先是，爽辟王沈及太山羊祜，沈勸祜應命。 祜曰：「委質事人，復何容易！」 沈遂行。 及爽敗，沈以故吏免，乃謂祜曰：「吾不忘卿前語。」 祜曰：「此非始慮所及也！」
Earlier, Shuang had recruited Wang Shen and Yang Hu of Taishan; Shen urged Hu to accept the appointment. Hu said: "To pledge oneself and serve another—how can that be taken lightly!" Shen then went. When Shuang was defeated, Shen was dismissed as a former subordinate; he then said to Hu: "I have not forgotten what you said before." Hu said: "That was not what I had foreseen at the outset!"
45
爽從弟文叔妻夏侯令女，早寡而無子，其父文寧欲嫁之； 令女刀截兩耳以自誓，居常依爽。 爽誅，其家上書絕昏，強迎以歸，復將嫁之； 令女竊入寢室，引刀自斷其鼻，其家驚惋，謂之曰：「人生世間，如輕塵棲弱草耳，何至自苦乃爾！ 且夫家夷滅已盡，守此欲誰為哉！」 令女曰：「吾聞仁者不以盛衰改節，義者不以存亡易心。 曹氏前盛之時，尚欲保終，況今衰亡，何忍棄之！ 此禽獸不行，吾豈為乎！」 司馬懿聞而賢之，聽使乞子字養為曹氏後。
The wife of Shuang's younger cousin Wenshu was Lady Xiahou Lingnü; widowed early and childless, her father Wenning wished to marry her off again; Lady Lingnü cut off both ears with a knife to bind herself by oath and ordinarily relied on Shuang. When Shuang was executed, her family submitted a memorial severing the marriage, forcibly brought her home, and again wished to marry her off; Lady Lingnü stole into the bedchamber and cut off her nose with a knife; her family was shocked and grieved, and said to her: "Life in this world is like light dust resting on frail grass—why torment yourself so! Moreover, your husband's house has been exterminated to the last man—for whom do you keep this!" Lady Lingnü said: "I have heard that the benevolent do not change their integrity with rise or decline, and the righteous do not alter their hearts with survival or destruction. When the Cao house was at its height, I still wished to preserve my marriage to the end—how much less now, in decline and ruin, could I bear to abandon it! Even beasts would not do this—how could I!" Sima Yi heard of this and admired her, and permitted her to adopt a son to raise as heir of the Cao line.
46
何晏等方用事，自以為一時才傑，人莫能及。 晏嘗為名士品目曰：「唯深也故能通天下之志，夏侯泰初是也。 唯幾也故能成天下之務，司馬子元是也。 唯神也不疾而速，不行而至，吾聞其語，未同凶其人。」 蓋欲以神況諸己也。
He Yan and his circle were then in power; they regarded themselves as the geniuses of the age, unmatched by anyone. He Yan once ranked the celebrated men of the age, saying: "Only depth can penetrate the will of all under Heaven—Xiahou Taichu is such a man. Only subtle insight can accomplish the affairs of all under Heaven—Sima Ziyuan is such a man. Only spirit achieves speed without haste and arrival without travel—I have heard that saying but have not yet met the man, and already detest him." He probably wished to compare the quality of "spirit" to himself.
47
選部郎劉陶，曄之子也，少有口辯，鄧颺之徒稱之以為伊、呂。 陶嘗謂傅玄是「仲尼不聖。 何以知之？ 智者於群愚，如弄一丸於掌中； 而不能得天下，何以為聖！」 玄不復難，但語之曰：「天下之變無常也，今見卿窮。」 及曹爽敗，陶退居裡捨，乃謝其言之過。
Selection Department Attendant Liu Tao, son of Liu Ye, was eloquent from youth; Deng Yang and his circle praised him as an Yi Yin or Lü Shang. Tao once said of Fu Xuan: "Confucius was not a sage. How does one know? The wise man among the mass of fools is like rolling a single pellet in the palm of one's hand; yet he could not obtain all under Heaven—how can he be called a sage!" Fu Xuan did not argue further, but only said to him: "Fortunes under Heaven are never constant; today I see you in straits." When Cao Shuang was defeated, Tao retired to his neighborhood and apologized for the excess of his words.
48
管輅之舅謂輅曰：「爾前何以知何、鄧之敗？」 輅曰：「鄧之行步，筋不束骨，脈不制肉，起立傾倚，若無手足，此為鬼躁。 何之視候則魂不守宅，血不華色，精爽煙浮，容若槁木，此為鬼幽。 二者皆非遐福之象也。」
Guan Lu's maternal uncle said to him: "How did you know beforehand that He Yan and Deng Yang would fall?" Guan Lu said: "When Deng Yang walked, his sinews did not bind his bones and his pulses did not control his flesh; when he stood he leaned and swayed as if he had no hands or feet—this is 'restless ghost. When He Yan looked about, his soul did not keep to its dwelling, his blood did not color his face, his vital spirit floated like smoke, and his countenance was like dry wood—this is 'dark ghost.' Neither is a sign of lasting good fortune."
49
何晏性自喜，粉白不去手，行步顧影。 尤好老、莊之書，與夏侯玄、荀粲及山陽王弼之徒，競為清談，祖尚虛無，謂《六經》為聖人糟粕。 由是天下士大夫爭慕效之，遂成風流，不可複製焉。 粲，彧之子也。
He Yan by nature greatly delighted in himself; white powder never left his hand, and as he walked he looked back at his shadow. He especially favored the books of Laozi and Zhuangzi; with Xiahou Xuan, Xun Can, Wang Bi of Shanyang, and others he vied in pure talk, esteeming emptiness and nothingness and calling the Six Classics the dregs left by sages. From this the literati and officials throughout the realm competed to emulate them, until it became a fashion beyond replication. Xun Can was the son of Xun Yu.
50
丙午，大赦。
On the bingwu day, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
51
丁未，以太傅懿為丞相，加九錫，懿固辭不受。
On the dingwei day, Grand Tutor Sima Yi was made Chancellor and granted the Nine Bestowments; Sima Yi firmly declined and would not accept.
52
初，右將軍夏侯霸為曹爽所厚，以其父淵死於蜀，常切齒有報仇之志，為討蜀護軍，屯於隴西，統屬征西。 征西將軍夏侯玄，霸之從子，爽之外弟也。 爽既誅，司馬懿召玄詣京師，以雍州刺史郭淮代之。
Earlier, General of the Right Xiahou Ba had been treated generously by Cao Shuang; because his father Yuan had died in Shu, he constantly gnashed his teeth with a will to avenge, served as Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu, and was stationed in Longxi under the Campaign-in-Chief. Campaign-in-Chief of the West Xiahou Xuan was Ba's nephew and Cao Shuang's maternal younger cousin. After Cao Shuang was executed, Sima Yi summoned Xuan to the capital and replaced him with Inspector of Yong Province Guo Huai.
53
霸素與淮不葉，以為禍必相及，大懼，遂奔漢。 漢主謂曰：「卿父自遇害於行間耳，非我先人之手刃也。」 遇之甚厚。 姜維問於霸曰：「司馬懿既得彼政，當復有征伐之志不？」 霸曰：「彼方營立家門，未遑外事。 有鐘士季者，其人雖少，若管朝政，吳、蜀之憂也。」 士季者，鐘繇之子尚書郎會也。
Ba had long been at odds with Guo Huai; believing disaster was sure to reach him as well, he was greatly afraid and fled to Shu Han. The Han ruler said to him: "Your father was slain on the battlefield—it was not my forebear who personally cut him down." He treated him with great kindness. Jiang Wei asked Ba: "Now that Sima Yi has seized power there, will he again have the will to campaign and conquer?" Ba said: "They are just now busy establishing their house and have no leisure for outside affairs. There is a Zhong Shiji; though the man is young, if he comes to manage court affairs, he will be the worry of Wu and Shu." Shiji was Attendant of the Masters of Writing Zhong Hui, son of Zhong Yao.
54
三月，吳左大司馬朱然卒。 然長不盈七尺，氣候分明，內行修潔，終日欽欽，常若在戰場，臨急膽定，過絕於人。 雖世無事，每朝夕嚴鼓，兵在營者，鹹行裝就隊。 以此玩敵，使不知所備，故出輒有功。 然寢疾增篤，吳主晝為減膳，夜為不寐，中使醫藥口食之物，相望於道。 然每遣使表疾病消息，吳主輒召見，口自問訊，入賜酒食，出賜布帛。 及卒，吳主為之哀慟。
In the third month, Left Grand Marshal of Wu Zhu Ran died. Ran was not quite seven feet tall; his bearing was clear and distinct and his inner conduct cultivated and pure. All day he was reverently attentive, always as if on a battlefield; facing peril his courage was steady and surpassed others. Though the realm was at peace, morning and evening he sounded the war drums, and soldiers in camp all donned gear and took their places. By this he wearied the enemy and kept them from knowing his preparations, so whenever he went out he achieved merit. When Ran's illness grew severe, the Lord of Wu reduced his meals by day and could not sleep by night; palace messengers bearing medicine and food filled the road. Whenever Ran sent an envoy reporting on his illness, the Lord of Wu at once summoned him, questioned him in person, gave wine and food when he entered, and cloth and silk when he left. When he died, the Lord of Wu mourned for him with anguish.
55
夏，四月，乙丑，改元。
In summer, in the fourth month, on the yichou day, the reign title was changed.
56
曹爽之在伊南也，昌陵景侯蔣濟與之書，言太傅之旨，不過免官而已。 爽誅，濟進封都鄉侯，上疏固辭，不許。 濟病其言之失，遂發病，丙子，卒。
When Cao Shuang was at Yinan, Marquis Jing of Changling Jiang Ji wrote him a letter saying the Grand Tutor's intent was no more than dismissal from office. After Shuang was executed, Jiang Ji was advanced in enfeoffment to Marquis of Duxiang; he submitted a memorial firmly declining, but the request was denied. Ji was troubled by the failure of his words and fell ill; on the bingzi day he died.
57
秋，漢衛將軍姜維寇雍州，依麴山築二城，使牙門將句安、李歆等守之，聚羌胡質任，侵逼諸郡。 征西將軍郭淮與雍州刺史陳泰御之。 泰曰：「麴城雖固，去蜀險遠，當須運糧； 羌夷患維勞役，必未肯附。 今圍而取之，可不血刃而拔其城； 雖其有救，山道阻險，非行兵之地也。」 淮乃使泰率討蜀護軍徐質、南安太守鄧艾進兵圍麴城，斷其運道及城外流水。 安等挑戰，不許，將士困窘，分糧聚雪以引日月。 維引兵救之，出自牛頭山，與泰相對。 泰曰：「兵法貴在不戰而屈人。 今絕牛頭，維無反道，則我之禽也。」 敕諸軍各堅壘勿與戰，遣使白淮，使淮趣牛頭截其還路。 淮從之，進軍洮水。 維懼，遁走，安等孤絕，遂降。 淮因西擊諸羌。 鄧艾曰：「賊去未遠，或能復還，宜分諸軍以備不虞。」 於是留艾屯白水北。 三日，維遣其將廖化自白水南向艾結營。 艾謂諸將曰：「維今卒還，吾軍人少，法當來渡； 而不作橋，此維使化持吾令不得還，維必自東襲取洮城。」 洮城在水北，去艾屯六十里，艾即夜潛軍徑到。 維果來渡，而艾先至據城，得以不敗，漢軍遂還。 兗州刺史令狐愚，司空王凌之甥也，屯於平阿，甥舅並典重兵，專淮南之任。 凌與愚陰謀，以帝闇弱，制於強臣，聞楚王彪有智勇，欲共立之，迎都許昌。 九月，愚遣其將張式至白馬，與楚王相聞。 凌又遣舍人勞精詣洛陽，語其子廣。 廣曰：「凡舉大事，應本人情。 曹爽以驕奢失民，何平叔虛華不治，丁、畢、桓、鄧雖並有宿望，皆專競於世。 加變易朝典，政令數改，所存雖高而事不下接，民習於舊，眾莫之從，故雖勢傾四海，聲震天下，同日斬戮，名士減半，而百姓安之。 莫之或哀，失民故也。 今司馬懿情雖難量，事未有逆，而擢用賢能，廣樹勝己，修先朝之政令，副眾心之所求。 爽之所以為惡者，彼莫不必改，夙夜菲懈，以恤民為先，父子兄弟，並握兵要，未易亡也。」 凌不從。
In autumn, General of the Guard Jiang Wei of Han raided Yong Province, built two cities on Mount Qu, and had Gate Officers Gou An and Li Xin and others guard them, gathering Qiang and Hu hostages and pressing upon the commanderies. Campaign-in-Chief of the West Guo Huai and Inspector of Yong Province Chen Tai resisted them. Chen Tai said: "Though the Qu cities are strong, they are far from Shu through dangerous terrain and must rely on transporting grain; the Qiang and barbarians will resent Jiang Wei's forced labor and surely will not be willing to submit. If we surround and take them now, we can capture the cities without bloodshed; even if they send relief, the mountain roads are dangerous and narrow—not ground for marching troops." Guo Huai then had Chen Tai lead Protector of the Army for the Campaign against Shu Xu Zhi and Administrator of Nan'an Deng Ai to advance and besiege Qu city, cutting off its supply route and the water flowing outside the walls. Gou An and the others offered battle but were refused; officers and soldiers were in dire straits, rationing grain and gathering snow to prolong their days. Jiang Wei led troops to rescue them, coming out from Mount Niutou, and faced Chen Tai across from him. Chen Tai said: "The art of war values subduing the enemy without fighting. Now cut off Niutou, and if Jiang Wei has no way back, he will be our captive." He ordered the armies each to hold their ramparts and not give battle, and sent a messenger to report to Guo Huai, telling him to hasten to Niutou and cut off Jiang Wei's return route. Guo Huai followed this plan and advanced his army to the Tao River. Jiang Wei was afraid and fled; Gou An and the others were isolated and cut off, and thereupon surrendered. Guo Huai thereupon marched west to attack the Qiang tribes. Deng Ai said, "The enemy has not gone far and may yet return. We should divide our forces to guard against surprise." So Deng Ai was left encamped north of the Baishui River. Three days later, Jiang Wei sent his general Liao Hua south from the Baishui River toward Deng Ai to establish a camp. Deng Ai said to his generals, "Jiang Wei has suddenly returned. Our force is small; by ordinary tactics he ought to try to cross the river; yet he builds no bridge. This means Jiang Wei has sent Liao Hua to pin us down so we cannot return, while he himself will surely strike east to seize Taocheng." Taocheng lay north of the river, sixty li from Deng Ai's camp. That very night he secretly marched his army straight there. Jiang Wei did come to cross the river, but Deng Ai arrived first and held the city, and so was not defeated. The Han army then withdrew. Yanzhou Inspector Linghu Yu, nephew of Minister of Works Wang Ling, was encamped at Ping'a. Nephew and uncle alike commanded major armies and held exclusive responsibility for Huainan. Wang Ling and Linghu Yu plotted in secret. Reckoning the emperor weak and dim, controlled by powerful ministers, and hearing that Prince of Chu Cao Biao had wisdom and courage, they wished to set him up together and move the capital to Xuchang. In the ninth month, Linghu Yu sent his general Zhang Shi to Baima to establish contact with the Prince of Chu. Wang Ling also sent house steward Lao Jing to Luoyang to speak with his son Wang Guang. Wang Guang said, "Whenever one undertakes a great affair, one must follow the people's hearts. Cao Shuang lost the people through arrogance and extravagance. He Yan was all show and no governance. Ding, Bi, Huan, and Deng, though all men of longstanding repute, were obsessed with rivalry in their day. Moreover they altered court institutions and changed government orders again and again. Though their station was lofty, their rule never reached the people below. The people clung to the old ways and would not follow them. Thus though their power tilted the four seas and their fame shook the world, they were beheaded on the same day, celebrated men cut down by half, yet the common people were at peace. None mourned them, because they had lost the people. Now Sima Yi's intentions, though hard to read, show no rebellion in his deeds. He promotes the worthy and able, widely employs men better than himself, restores the government orders of the former reign, and meets what the people desire. Whatever Cao Shuang did wrong, Sima Yi changes it. He toils day and night without slackening, putting care for the people first. Father, sons, and brothers together hold the keys to military power. They will not easily be overthrown." Wang Ling would not heed him.
58
冬，十一月，令狐愚復遣張式詣楚王，未還，會愚病卒。
In winter, the eleventh month, Linghu Yu again sent Zhang Shi to the Prince of Chu. Before Zhang Shi returned, Yu fell ill and died.
59
十二月，辛卿，即拜王凌為太尉。 庚子，以司隸校尉孫禮為司空。
In the twelfth month, on the day xinqing, Wang Ling was immediately appointed Grand Commandant. On the day gengzi, Metropolitan Commandant Sun Li was made Minister of Works.
60
光祿大夫徐邈卒。 邈以清節著名，盧欽嘗著書稱邈曰：「徐公志高行潔，才博氣猛，其施之也，高而不狷，潔而不介，博而守約，猛而能寬。 聖人以清為難，而徐公之所易也。」 或問欽：「徐公當武帝之時，人以為通； 自為涼州刺史，及還京師，人以為介，何也？」 欽答曰：「往者毛孝先、崔季珪用事，貴清素之士，於時皆變易車服以求名高，而徐公不改其常，故人以為通。 比來天下奢靡，轉相倣傚，而徐公雅尚自若，不與俗同，故前日之通，乃今日之介也。 是世人之無常而徐公之有常也。」 欽，毓之子也。
Palace Attendant Xu Miao died. Xu Miao was famed for purity of conduct. Lu Qin once wrote in praise of him, "Lord Xu's aspirations were lofty and his conduct pure; his talent was broad and his spirit bold. In applying them, he was lofty without being narrow, pure without being brittle, broad yet restrained, bold yet capable of mercy. The sages find purity difficult, yet for Lord Xu it was easy." Someone asked Lu Qin, "When Lord Xu served under Emperor Wu, people considered him accommodating; yet after he became Inspector of Liangzhou and returned to the capital, people considered him rigid. Why was that?" Lu Qin answered, "In the past when Mao Zeng and Cui Yan held power, they valued men of plain austerity. At the time everyone changed carriages and dress to win renown, but Lord Xu did not alter his ways, so people considered him accommodating. Recently the realm has grown luxurious and men copy one another in turn, yet Lord Xu holds to his own refined standards and does not follow the crowd. Thus what was accommodation yesterday is rigidity today. The world's people are inconstant; Lord Xu alone is constant." Lu Qin was the son of Lu Yu.
61
邵陵厲公中嘉平二年（ 庚午，公元二五零年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, Jiaping year 2 ( gengwu cycle, AD 250)
62
夏，五月，以征西將軍郭淮為車騎將軍。
In summer, the fifth month, Campaign-in-Chief of the West Guo Huai was made General of Chariots and Cavalry.
63
初，會稽潘夫人有寵於吳主，生少子亮，吳主愛之。 全公主既與太子和有隙，欲豫自結，數稱亮美，以其夫之兄子尚女妻之。 吳主以魯王霸結朋黨以害其兄，心亦惡之，謂侍中孫峻曰：「子弟不睦，臣下分部，將有袁氏之敗，為天下笑。 若使一人立者，安得不亂乎！」 遂有廢和立亮之意，然猶沉吟者歷年。 峻，靜之曾孫也。
Earlier, Lady Pan of Kuaiji enjoyed favor with Sun Quan and bore his youngest son Sun Liang, whom the ruler loved. The Princess of Quan, having a rift with Crown Prince Sun He, wished to secure her own position in advance. She repeatedly praised Sun Liang's virtues and had her husband's elder brother's son Quan Shang's daughter marry him. Sun Quan, seeing that Prince of Lu Sun Ba had formed factions to harm his elder brother, hated this as well. He said to Palace Attendant Sun Jun, "When sons and younger brothers are not harmonious and ministers divide into factions, there will be a fall like the Yuans', and the realm will laugh. If only one heir is established, how can there fail to be disorder!" He thereupon intended to depose Sun He and establish Sun Liang, yet still hesitated for years. Sun Jun was the great-grandson of Sun Jing.
64
秋，吳主遂幽太子和。 驃騎將軍朱據諫曰：「太子，國之本根。 加以雅性仁孝，天下歸心。 昔晉獻用驪姬而申生不存，漢武信江充而戾太子冤死，臣竊懼太子不堪其憂，雖立思子之宮，無所復及矣！」 吳主不聽。 據與尚書僕射屈晃率諸將吏泥頭自縛，連日詣闕請和； 吳主登白爵觀，見，甚惡之，敕據、晃等「無事匆匆」。 無難督陳正、五營督陳象各上書切諫，據、晃亦固諫不已； 吳主大怒，族誅正、象。 牽據、晃入殿，據、晃猶口諫，叩頭流血，辭氣不撓。 吳主杖之各一百，左遷據為新都郡丞，晃斥歸田裡，群司坐諫誅放者以十數。 遂廢太子和為庶人，徙故鄣，賜魯王霸死。 殺楊竺，流其屍於江，又誅全寄、吳安、孫奇，皆以其黨霸譖和故也。 初，楊竺少獲聲名，而陸遜謂之終敗，勸竺兄穆令與之別族。 及竺敗，穆以數諫戒竺得免死。 朱據未至官，中書令孫弘以詔書追賜死。
In autumn, Sun Quan confined Crown Prince Sun He. Flying Cavalry General Zhu Ju remonstrated, saying, "The crown prince is the root of the state. Moreover his refined nature is benevolent and filial, and all under Heaven turn their hearts to him. Formerly Duke Xian of Jin employed Li Ji and Crown Prince Shen Sheng did not survive. Emperor Wu of Han trusted Jiang Chong and Crown Prince Liu Ju was unjustly killed. I privately fear the crown prince will not bear his grief. Though one may later build a Palace of Longing for a Son, nothing can be undone!" Sun Quan would not heed him. Zhu Ju together with Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Qu Huang led the generals and officials with mud on their heads and ropes upon themselves, coming day after day to the palace gate to plead for Sun He; Sun Quan ascended the White Sparrow Watchtower, saw them, and was greatly displeased. He told Zhu Ju, Qu Huang, and the rest, "Nothing is amiss—why this commotion." Supervisor of Wunan Chen Zheng and Supervisor of the Five Camps Chen Xiang each submitted stern memorials of remonstrance, and Zhu Ju and Qu Huang also pressed their advice without cease; Sun Quan was greatly enraged and executed Chen Zheng and Chen Xiang together with their entire clans. He had Zhu Ju and Qu Huang dragged into the hall. They still remonstrated aloud, knocking their heads until blood flowed, their words and bearing unyielding. Sun Quan had them beaten, a hundred blows each. Zhu Ju was demoted to Assistant Administrator of Xindu commandery, Qu Huang was expelled to return to his fields, and more than ten officials implicated in the remonstrance were executed or banished. He thereupon deposed Crown Prince Sun He to commoner status and moved him to Gucang, and ordered Prince of Lu Sun Ba to commit suicide. He killed Yang Zhu and cast his corpse into the river, and also executed Quan Ji, Wu An, and Sun Qi—all because as partisans of Sun Ba they had slandered Sun He. Earlier, Yang Zhu had won renown in his youth, but Lu Xun said he would end in ruin and urged his elder brother Yang Mu to break off the clan relationship. When Yang Zhu fell, Yang Mu was spared death because he had repeatedly admonished and warned him. Before Zhu Ju reached his new post, Palace Secretary Sun Hong sent an imperial command ordering him to commit suicide.
65
冬，十月，廬江太守譙郡文欽偽叛，以誘吳偏將軍朱異，欲使異自將兵迎己。 異知其詐，表吳主，以為欽不可迎。 吳主曰：「方今北土未一，欽欲歸命，宜且遼之。 若嫌其有譎者，但當設計網以羅之，盛重兵以防之耳。」 乃遣偏將軍呂據督二萬人，與異並力至北界，欽果不降。 異，桓之子； 據，范之子也。
In winter, the tenth month, Lujiang Administrator Wen Qin of Qiao commandery feigned rebellion to lure Wu's Major General Zhu Yi, hoping Yi would personally lead troops to welcome him. Zhu Yi saw through the ruse and memorialized Sun Quan, saying Wen Qin should not be welcomed. Sun Quan said, "Now the northern lands are not yet united. Wen Qin wishes to submit—we should for the moment receive him with due courtesy. If you suspect treachery, you need only lay snares to catch him and concentrate heavy forces to guard against him—that is all." He then sent Major General Lü Ju at the head of twenty thousand men to join Zhu Yi and march to the northern border. Wen Qin indeed did not surrender. Zhu Yi was the son of Zhu Huan; Lü Ju was the son of Lü Fan.
66
十一月，大利景侯孫禮卒。
In the eleventh month, Sun Li, Marquis of Dalijing, died.
67
吳主立子亮為太子。
Sun Quan established his son Sun Liang as crown prince.
68
吳主遣軍十萬作堂邑塗塘以淹北道。
Sun Quan sent an army of a hundred thousand to build the Tangyi dyke at Tangyi to flood the northern approach.
69
十二月，甲辰，東海定王霖卒。
In the twelfth month, on the day jiachen, Prince Ding of Donghai, Cao Lin, died.
70
征南將軍王昶上言：「孫權流放良臣，適庶分爭，可乘釁擊吳。」 朝廷從之，遣新城太守南陽州泰襲巫、秭歸，荊州刺史王基向夷陵，昶向江陵。 昶引竹絲亙為橋，渡水擊之，吳大將施績，夜遁入江陵。 昶欲引致平地與戰，乃先遣五軍案大道發還，使吳望見而喜； 又以所獲鎧馬甲首環城以怒之，設伏兵以待之。 績果來追，昶與戰，大破之，斬其將鐘離茂、許旻。
Campaign-in-Chief of the South Wang Chang submitted a memorial: "Sun Quan has banished worthy ministers, and legitimate and secondary sons are at odds. We may seize this opening to strike Wu." The court agreed, sending Xincheng Administrator Zhou Tai of Nanyang to raid Wu and Zigui, Jing Province Inspector Wang Ji toward Yiling, and Wang Chang toward Jiangling. Wang Chang laid bamboo filaments across the water as a bridge, crossed and attacked. Wu's Grand General Shi Ji fled by night into Jiangling. Wang Chang wished to draw the enemy to level ground and give battle. He first sent five armies to withdraw in order along the main road, so the Wu forces would see and rejoice; and also displayed captured armor, horses, and heads in a ring around the city to provoke them, setting ambush troops in wait. Shi Ji did come in pursuit. Wang Chang gave battle and inflicted a great defeat, beheading his generals Zhongli Mao and Xu Min.
71
漢姜維復寇西平，不克。
Jiang Wei of Han again raided Xiping but failed to take it.
72
邵陵厲公中嘉平三年（ 辛未，公元二五一年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, Jiaping year 3 ( xinwei cycle, AD 251)
73
春，正月，王基、州泰擊吳兵，皆破之，降者數千口。
In spring, the first month, Wang Ji and Zhou Tai attacked Wu forces and both defeated them. Several thousand persons surrendered.
74
三月，以尚書令司馬孚為司空。
In the third month, Director of the Masters of Writing Sima Fu was made Minister of Works.
75
夏，四月，甲申，以王昶為征南大將軍。
In summer, the fourth month, on the day jiashen, Wang Chang was made Grand General Campaigning-in-Chief of the South.
76
壬辰，大赦。
On the day renchen, a great amnesty was declared.
77
太尉王凌聞吳人塞塗水，欲因此發兵，大嚴諸軍，表求討賊：詔報不聽。 凌遣將軍楊弘以廢立事告兗州刺史黃華，華、弘連名以白司馬懿，懿將中軍乘水道討凌，先下赦赦凌罪，又為書諭凌，已而大軍掩至百尺。 凌自知勢窮，乃乘船單出迎懿，遣掾王彧謝罪，送印綬、節鉞。 懿軍到丘頭，凌面縛水次，懿承詔遣主簿解其縛。
Grand Commandant Wang Ling, hearing that Wu forces had dammed the Tushui, wished to use this as a pretext to mobilize. He greatly marshaled the armies and submitted a memorial requesting permission to campaign against the enemy. The imperial response was refusal. Wang Ling sent General Yang Hong to inform Yanzhou Inspector Huang Hua of the plot to depose and establish a new emperor. Huang Hua and Yang Hong jointly reported this to Sima Yi. Sima Yi led the central army by water to suppress Wang Ling, first issuing an edict pardoning his crimes and also writing to instruct him—then before long the main army suddenly appeared at Baichi. Wang Ling knew his position was hopeless. He took a boat alone to meet Sima Yi, sending clerk Wang Yu to apologize and surrendering his seal and credentials of authority. When Sima Yi's army reached Qiutou, Wang Ling bound himself at the water's edge. Sima Yi, acting on the imperial command, sent his registrar to unbind him.
78
凌既蒙赦，加恃舊好，不復自疑，逕乘小船欲趨懿。 懿使人逆止之，住船淮中，相去十餘丈。 凌知見外，乃遙謂懿曰：「卿直以折簡召我，我當敢不至邪，而乃引軍來乎！」 懿曰：「以卿非肯逐折簡者故也。」 凌曰：「卿負我！」 懿曰：「我寧負卿，不負國家！」 遂遣步騎六百送凌西詣京師，凌試索棺釘以觀懿意，懿命給之。 五月，甲寅，凌行到項，遂飲藥死。
Having received pardon and trusting in their old friendship, Wang Ling no longer suspected treachery. He straightway took a small boat intending to go straight to Sima Yi. Sima Yi sent a man to stop him. The boat halted midstream on the Huai, the two men more than ten zhang apart. Wang Ling knew he was being shut out. He called across to Sima Yi, "You needed only send a folded note summoning me—would I have dared refuse? Yet you bring an army instead!" Sima Yi said, "Because you are not one who would obey a folded note." Wang Ling said, "You have betrayed me!" Sima Yi said, "I would rather wrong you than wrong the state!" He then sent six hundred infantry and cavalry to escort Wang Ling west to the capital. Wang Ling tested Sima Yi's intentions by asking for coffin nails, and Sima Yi ordered them provided. In the fifth month, on the day jiayin, Wang Ling reached Xiang on the road and thereupon drank poison and died.
79
懿進至壽春，張式等皆自首。 懿窮治其事，諸相連者悉夷三族。 發凌、愚塚，剖棺暴屍於所近市三日，燒其印綬、朝服，親土埋之。
Sima Yi advanced to Shouchun. Zhang Shi and the others all surrendered themselves. Sima Yi thoroughly investigated the affair. All those implicated were exterminated to the third degree of kinship. He opened the tombs of Wang Ling and Linghu Yu, cut open the coffins and exposed the corpses in the nearest market for three days, burned their seal cords and court robes, and buried them himself with his own hands.
80
初，令狐愚為白衣時，常有高志，眾人謂愚必興令狐氏。 族父弘農太守邵獨以為：「愚性倜儻，不修德而願大，必滅我宗。」 愚聞之，心甚不平。 及邵為虎賁中郎將，而愚仕進已多所更歷，所在有名稱。 愚從容謂邵曰：「先時聞大人謂愚為不繼，今竟雲何邪？」 邵熟視而不答，私謂妻子曰：「公治性度，猶如故也。 以吾觀之，終當敗滅，但不知我久當坐之不邪，將逮汝曹耳。」 邵沒後十餘年而愚族滅。
Earlier, when Linghu Yu was still a commoner, he often harbored lofty ambitions. People said he would surely bring glory to the Linghu clan. His clansman-by-marriage Hongnong Administrator Shao alone held, "Yu is free-spirited and ungoverned. He cultivates no virtue yet aims high—he will surely destroy our clan." Linghu Yu heard this and was deeply offended. By the time Shao became Captain of the Tiger Guard and Linghu Yu had risen through many posts, wherever Yu served he won renown. Linghu Yu said calmly to Shao, "Earlier I heard you say I would not carry on the family name. What do you say now?" Shao stared at him intently and made no reply. Privately he told his wife and children, "His temperament and conduct in office are still as before. As I see it, he will eventually meet ruin—but I do not know whether I myself will have long to wait, or whether it will reach you instead." More than ten years after Shao died, the Linghu clan was destroyed.
81
愚在兗州，辟山陽單固為別駕，與治中楊康並為愚腹心。 及愚卒，康應司徒辟，至洛陽，露愚陰事，愚由是敗。 懿至壽春，見單固，問曰：「令狐反乎？」 曰：「無有。」 楊康白事，事與固連，遂收捕固及家屬皆系廷尉，考實數十，固固雲無有。 懿錄楊康，與固對相詰，固辭窮，乃罵康曰：「老傭！ 既負使君，又滅我族，顧汝當活邪！」 康初自冀封侯，後以辭頗參錯，亦並斬之。 臨刑，俱出獄，固又罵康曰：「老奴！ 汝死自分耳。 若令死者有知，汝何面目以行地下乎！」
While Yu served in Yanzhou, he recruited Shan Gu of Shanyang as Attendant Officer. He and Director Yang Kang were both Yu's closest confidants. After Yu died, Yang Kang answered a summons from the Excellency over the Masses and went to Luoyang, where he exposed Yu's secret designs. Yu's conspiracy was thereby uncovered. When Sima Yi reached Shouchun, he saw Shan Gu and asked, "Did Linghu Yu rebel?" Gu replied, "Nothing of the sort. Yang Kang then reported the affair. Since it implicated Gu, Gu and his entire family were arrested and held at the Court of Justice. Though interrogated dozens of times, Gu stubbornly denied everything. Sima Yi brought Yang Kang in and had him confront Gu. When Gu could no longer defend himself, he cursed Kang: "Old hireling! You betrayed our lord and destroyed my clan as well—do you think you will live!" Yang Kang had at first hoped to be enfeoffed as marquis, but because his testimony was inconsistent, he too was beheaded. On the day of execution, as they were led out of prison together, Gu cursed Kang again: "Old slave! Your death is no more than you deserve. If the dead have consciousness, with what face will you walk the underworld!"
82
詔以揚州刺史諸葛誕為鎮東將軍，都督揚州諸軍事。
An edict appointed Yangzhou Inspector Zhuge Dan General Who Pacifies the East, with overall command of Yangzhou military affairs.
83
吳主立潘夫人為皇后，大赦，改元太元。
Sun Quan established Lady Pan as empress, declared a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Taixuan.
84
六月，賜楚王彪死。 盡錄諸王公置鄴，使有司察之，不得與人交關。
In the sixth month, Prince of Chu Cao Biao was ordered to commit suicide. All imperial princes were registered and confined at Ye. Officials were charged to keep watch on them, and they were forbidden to associate with outsiders.
85
秋，七月，壬戌，皇后甄氏殂。
In autumn, the seventh month, on the day renxu, Empress Zhen died.
86
辛未，以司馬孚為太尉。
On the day xinwei, Sima Fu was appointed Grand Commandant.
87
八月，戊寅，舞陽宣文侯司馬懿卒。 詔以其子衛將軍師為撫軍大將軍，錄尚書事。
In the eighth month, on the day wuyin, Sima Yi, Marquis of Xuanwen of Wuyang, died. An edict appointed his son Sima Shi, General of the Guard, Grand General Who Pacifies the Army, with authority to record affairs for the Masters of Writing.
88
初，南匈奴自謂其先本漢室之甥，因冒姓劉氏。 太祖留單于呼廚泉之鄴，分其眾為五部，居并州境內。 左賢王豹，單于於扶羅之子也，為左部帥，部族最強。 城陽太守鄧艾上言：「單于在內，羌夷失統，合散無主。 今單于之尊日疏而外土之威日重，則胡虜不可不深備也。 聞劉豹部有叛胡，可因叛割為二國，以分其勢。 去卑功顯前朝而子不繼業，宜加其子顯號，使居雁門。 離國弱寇，追錄舊勳，此御邊長計也。」 又陳「羌胡與民同處者，宜以漸出之，使居民表，以崇廉恥之教，塞奸宄之路。」 司馬師皆從之。
Earlier, the Southern Xiongnu claimed that their ancestors were originally nephews of the Han house and therefore took the surname Liu. Cao Cao had kept Chanyu Huchuquan at Ye, divided the Xiongnu into five divisions, and settled them within Bingzhou. Left Worthy King Liu Bao, son of Chanyu Yufuluo, commanded the left division—his tribe was the strongest. Chengyang Administrator Deng Ai submitted a memorial: "With the Chanyu kept in the interior, the Qiang and other tribes have lost unified leadership—they gather and scatter with no master. Now the Chanyu's authority grows ever more remote while power on the frontier grows ever heavier—the northern tribes must be guarded against with utmost vigilance. I hear that Liu Bao's division includes rebellious tribes. We could use this rebellion to divide them into two groups and thereby split their power. Qubili's achievements were notable in the former dynasty, yet his son did not inherit his position. His son should be granted a distinguished title and settled at Yanmen. Dividing them to weaken the enemy and honoring past service—this is the long-term strategy for controlling the frontier." “He also proposed that where Qiang and Hu lived among Chinese subjects, they should gradually be relocated so that residents could be properly registered—thereby promoting moral discipline and blocking the path of crime.” Sima Shi adopted all these recommendations.
89
吳立節中郎將陸抗屯柴桑，詣建業治病。 病差，當還，吳主涕泣與別，謂曰：「吾前聽用讒言，與汝父大義不篤，以此負汝； 前後所問，一焚滅之，莫令人見也。」
Wu had Army Commandant Lu Kang garrison Chaisang. He went to Jianye to seek medical treatment. When his illness improved and he was about to return, Sun Quan wept as they parted and said, "Earlier I listened to slander and failed your father in fundamental duty—I wronged you thereby; burn everything I ever asked you about, before and after—let no one see it."
90
是時，吳主頗寤太子和之無罪，冬，十一月，吳主祀南郊還，得風疾，欲召和還； 全公主及侍中孫峻、中書令孫弘固爭之，乃止。 吳主以太子亮幼少，議所付託，孫峻薦大將軍諸葛恪可付大事。 吳主嫌恪剛很自用，峻曰：「當今朝臣之才，無及恪者。」 乃召恪於武昌。 恪將行，上大將軍呂岱戒之曰：「世方多難，子每事必十思。」 恪曰：「昔季文子三思而後行，夫子曰：『再思可矣。』 今君令恪十思，明恪之劣也！」 岱無以答，時鹹謂之失言。
By this time Sun Quan had come to realize that Crown Prince Sun He was innocent. In winter, the eleventh month, returning from the southern suburb sacrifice, he contracted a palsy and wished to recall Sun He; Princess Quan, Palace Attendant Sun Jun, and Director of the Secretariat Sun Hong strongly opposed it, and he abandoned the plan. Because Crown Prince Sun Liang was still young, Sun Quan deliberated on whom to entrust the realm. Sun Jun recommended Grand General Zhuge Ke as the man to whom great affairs could be entrusted. Sun Quan disliked Ke's harsh stubbornness and self-will. Sun Jun said, "Among today's court ministers, none match Zhuge Ke in talent. He then summoned Zhuge Ke from Wuchang. As Zhuge Ke was about to depart, Superior Grand General Lü Dai admonished him: "These are times of great difficulty—you must think ten times about every matter. Ke replied, "In ancient times Ji Wenzi reflected thrice before acting, and Confucius said, 'Twice is enough. Now you order me to think ten times—you clearly consider me inferior!" Lü Dai had no reply. People of the time considered this a reckless remark.
91
虞喜論曰：夫托以天下，至重也； 以人臣行主威，至難也。 兼二至而管萬機，能勝之者鮮矣。 呂侯，國之元耆，志度經遠，甫以十思戒之，而便以示劣見拒； 此元遜之疏，機神不俱者也！ 若因十思之義，廣咨當世之務，聞善速於雷動，從諫急於風移，豈得殞首殿堂，死於凶豎之刃！ 世人奇其英辯，造次可觀，而哂呂侯無對為陋，不思安危終始之慮，是樂春藻之繁華，而忘秋實之甘口也。 昔魏人伐蜀，蜀人御之，精嚴垂發，而費禕方與來敏對棋，意無厭倦。 敏以為必能辦賊，言其明略內定，貌無憂色也。 況長寧以為君子臨事而懼，好謀而成，蜀為蕞爾之國，而方向大敵，所規所圖，唯守與戰，何可矜己有餘，晏然無戚！ 斯乃禕性之寬簡，不防細微，卒為降人郭循所害，豈非兆見於彼而禍成於此哉！ 往聞長寧之甄文偉，今睹元遜之逆呂侯，二事體同，皆足以為世鑒也。
Yu Xi commented: To entrust someone with the realm is supremely weighty; for a subject to wield sovereign authority is supremely difficult. To bear both burdens and manage the myriad affairs of state—few can succeed. Marquis Lü was a senior statesman of the realm, far-sighted in counsel. He had just admonished Ke to think ten times, yet Ke immediately treated the advice as proof of his own inferiority and rejected it; this was Yuanxun's obtuseness—judgment and alertness were not joined in one man! Had he taken the spirit of that advice to consult broadly on affairs of state, embrace good counsel as swiftly as thunder, and follow remonstrance as urgently as wind shifts—how could he have perished in the palace, cut down by base assassins! People marveled at his brilliant repartee, striking even offhand, and mocked Marquis Lü's silence as dullness—never weighing safety from start to finish. They delighted in spring's lush display and forgot autumn's ripe fruit. When Wei once attacked Shu, the Shu defenses were taut and on the brink of battle—yet Fei Yi was playing weiqi with Lai Min, showing not the slightest fatigue. Lai Min took this as proof Yi could handle the enemy—his strategy settled within, his face betraying no worry. Moreover, Changning held that the noble man, when facing affairs, is apprehensive and achieves success through careful planning. Shu was a tiny state facing a great enemy—its only options were defense and battle. How could one pride oneself on having surplus capacity and remain untroubled! This reflected the openness and laxity of Fei Yi's character—he did not guard against small dangers—and he was ultimately killed by the surrendered officer Guo Xun. Was this not a sign seen in one place and disaster fulfilled in another! I once heard of Changning's rejection of Wen Wei; now I see Yuanxun's defiance of Marquis Lü—the two cases are alike, and both offer a warning to the world.
92
恪至建業，見吳主於臥內，受詔床下，以大將軍領太子太傅，孫弘領少傅； 詔有司諸事一統於恪，惟殺生大事，然後以聞。 為制群官百司拜揖之儀，各有品序。 又以會稽太守北海滕胤為太常。 胤，吳主婿也。
Zhuge Ke reached Jianye and saw Sun Quan in his sickroom. Kneeling below the couch, he received the imperial charge. As Grand General he was also appointed Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince; Sun Hong was appointed Junior Tutor; The edict placed all government affairs under Ke's authority; only matters of life and death were to be reported to the throne. He established regulations for bowing and salutation among officials, each according to rank. Teng Yin of Beihai, Administrator of Kuaiji, was also appointed Chamberlain for Ceremonials. Teng Yin was Sun Quan's son-in-law.
93
十二月，以光祿勳滎陽鄭沖為司空。
In the twelfth month, Zheng Chong of Xingyang, Superintendent of the Imperial Household, was appointed Minister of Works.
94
漢費禕還成都，望氣者云：「都邑無宰相位。」 乃復北屯漢壽。
Fei Yi of Shu returned to Chengdu. A geomancer said, "The capital holds no seat for a chancellor. He therefore returned north to garrison at Hanshou.
95
是歲，漢尚書令呂乂卒，以侍中陳祗守尚書令。
That year, Shu's Director of the Masters of Writing Lü Yi died. Palace Attendant Chen Zhi was appointed acting Director of the Masters of Writing.
96
邵陵厲公中嘉平四年（ 壬申，公元二五二年）
Deposed Emperor of Shaoling, mid Jiaping year four ( Renshen, the year 252 of the Common Era)
97
春，正月，癸卯，以司馬師為大將軍。
In spring, the first month, on the day guimao, Sima Shi was appointed Grand General.
98
吳主立故太子和為南陽王，使居長沙； 仲姬子奮為齊王，居武昌； 王夫人子休為琅邪王，居虎林。
Sun Quan established the former crown prince Sun He as Prince of Nanyang and sent him to reside at Changsha; Lady Zhong's son Sun Fen was made Prince of Qi and sent to reside at Wuchang; Lady Wang's son Sun Xiu was made Prince of Langye and sent to reside at Hulin.
99
二月。 立皇后張氏，大赦。 后，故涼州刺史既之孫，東莞太守緝之女也。 召緝拜光祿大夫。
The second month. Empress Zhang was installed, and a general amnesty was declared. The empress was the granddaughter of former Liangzhou Inspector Ji and the daughter of Dongguan Administrator Ji. Ji was summoned to court and appointed Supervising Director of the Imperial Household.
100
吳人改元神鳳，大赦。
Wu changed the era name to Shenfeng and declared a general amnesty.
101
吳潘后性剛戾，吳主疾病，后使人問孫弘以呂后稱制故事。 左右不勝其虐，伺其昏睡，縊殺之，託言中惡。 後事泄，坐死者六七人。
Empress Pan of Wu was harsh and violent by nature. When Sun Quan fell ill, she sent someone to ask Sun Hong about Empress Lü's precedent of ruling as regent. Those around her could not endure her cruelty. When she fell asleep, they strangled her and reported that she had died of sudden affliction. When the affair later came to light, six or seven people were executed for it.
102
吳主病困，召諸葛恪、孫弘、滕胤及將軍呂據、侍中孫峻入臥內，屬以後事。 夏，四月，〔乙未〕，吳主殂。 孫弘素與諸葛恪不平，懼為恪所治，秘不發喪，欲矯詔誅恪。 孫峻以告恪，恪請弘咨事，於坐中殺之。 乃發喪。 謚吳主曰大皇帝。 〔丁酉〕，太子亮即位，大赦，改元建興。 閏月，以諸葛恪為太傅，滕胤為衛將軍，呂岱為大司馬。 恪乃命罷視聽，息校官，原逋責，除關稅，崇恩澤，眾莫不悅。 恪每出入，百姓延頸思見其狀。
Gravely ill, Sun Quan summoned Zhuge Ke, Sun Hong, Teng Yin, General Lü Ju, and Palace Attendant Sun Jun to his sickroom and entrusted them with affairs after his death. In summer, the fourth month, on the day yiwei, Sun Quan died. Sun Hong had long been at odds with Zhuge Ke. Fearing Ke would punish him, he kept the death secret and planned to forge an edict to have Ke executed. Sun Jun informed Zhuge Ke. Ke invited Sun Hong to discuss affairs and killed him on the spot. Only then was the death announced. Sun Quan was posthumously titled Great Emperor. On the day dingyou, Crown Prince Sun Liang ascended the throne, declared a general amnesty, and changed the era name to Jianxing. In the intercalary month, Zhuge Ke was appointed Grand Tutor, Teng Yin General of the Guard, and Lü Dai Grand Marshal. Ke then abolished surveillance and eavesdropping, suspended the office of official inspectors, remitted overdue taxes, eliminated transit duties, and extended imperial grace—the people all rejoiced. Whenever Ke appeared in public, the people craned their necks eager to catch sight of him.
103
恪不欲諸王處濱江兵馬之地，乃徙齊王奮於豫章，琅邪王休於丹陽。 奮不肯徙，又數越法度，恪為箋以遺奮曰：「帝王之尊，與天同位，是以家天下，臣父兄； 仇讎有善，不得不舉，親戚有惡，不得不誅，所以承天理物，先國後身，蓋聖人立制，百代不易之道也。 昔漢初興，多王子弟，至於太強，輒為不軌，上則幾危社稷，下則骨肉相殘，其後懲戒以為大諱。 自光武以來，諸王有制，惟得自娛於宮內，不得臨民，干與政事，其與交通，皆有重禁，遂以全安，各保福祚，此則前世得失之驗也。 大行皇帝覽古戒今，防牙遏萌，慮於千載，是以寢疾之日，分遣諸王各早就國，詔策勤渠，科禁嚴峻，其所戒敕，無所不至。 誠欲上安宗廟，下全諸王，使百世相承，無凶國害家之悔也。 大王宜上惟太伯順父之志，中念河間獻王、東海王強恭順之節，下存前世驕恣荒亂之王以為警戒。 而聞頃至武昌以來，多違詔敕，不拘制度，擅發諸將兵治護宮室。 又左右常從有罪過者，當以表聞，公付有司； 而擅私殺，事不明白。 中書楊融，親受詔敕，所當恭肅，乃云『正自不聽禁，當如我何！』 聞此之日，小大驚怪，莫不寒心。 裡語曰：『明鑒所以照形，古事所以知今。』 大王宜深以魯王為戒，改易其行，戰戰兢兢，盡禮朝廷，如此，則無求不得。 若棄忘先帝法教，懷輕慢之心，臣下寧負大王，不敢負先帝遺詔； 寧為大王所怨疾，豈敢忘尊主之威而令詔敕不行於籓臣邪！ 向使魯王早納忠直之言，懷驚懼之慮，則享祚無窮，豈有滅亡之禍哉！ 夫良藥苦口，唯病者能甘之； 忠言逆耳，唯達者能受之。 今者恪等心婁心婁，欲為大王除危殆於萌芽，廣福慶之基原，是以不自知言至，願蒙三思！」 王得箋，懼，遂移南昌。
Ke did not want the princes stationed in riverine regions with military resources. He therefore moved Prince of Qi Sun Fen to Yuzhang and Prince of Langye Sun Xiu to Danyang. Sun Fen refused to move and repeatedly violated regulations. Ke sent him a formal letter saying, "The emperor's dignity equals Heaven itself. Therefore he makes the realm his household and treats even father and elder brother as subjects; even an enemy's merit must be rewarded, and even a kinsman's wickedness must be punished—thereby upholding Heaven's order and putting the state before oneself. This is the system the sages established—the unchanging Way for all generations. When Han first rose, many imperial sons and brothers were enfeoffed as kings. When they grew too powerful they invariably rebelled—threatening the dynasty above and slaughtering kin below. Later generations took this as a solemn warning. From Emperor Guangwu onward, princes were strictly regulated—they might enjoy themselves within their palaces but could not govern the people or meddle in affairs of state. Contact with outsiders was forbidden under heavy penalties. Thus they remained secure and preserved their fortunes. This is the lesson of past success and failure. The late emperor, reviewing the past to warn the present, nipped trouble in the bud and planned for the long term. On the day his illness took hold, he sent each prince early to his fief. His edicts were earnest, his prohibitions severe, and his admonitions exhaustive. He truly wished to secure the ancestral temples above and protect the princes below, so that succession might continue for generations without the disaster of princes ruining their own houses. Your Highness should look up to Taibo's obedience to his father, take as models Prince Xian of Hejian and Prince Qiang of Donghai in their respectful submission, and take as warning the arrogant and disorderly princes of past ages. Yet I hear that since your arrival at Wuchang you have repeatedly violated edicts, disregarded regulations, and on your own authority dispatched generals and troops to build and maintain your palace. When attendants in your constant following commit offenses, you should report them in a memorial and hand them over to the proper offices; yet you have executed them on your own authority, and the affair was never made clear. Palace Writer Yang Rong personally received edicts and commands—he should have been reverent and solemn—yet he said, 'If I simply will not heed the prohibition, what can he do to me! When this was heard, great and small were startled and dismayed; all feel cold at heart. A village saying goes: 'The bright mirror shows form; ancient affairs let one know the present.' Your Highness should take the Prince of Lu as a deep warning, change your conduct, tremble with fear, exhaust all propriety toward the court—if so, nothing you seek will go ungranted. If you cast aside the late emperor's laws and teachings and harbor a mind of slight contempt, your servants would rather wrong Your Highness than dare wrong the late emperor's testamentary charge; rather be resented and hated by Your Highness than dare forget the awesome authority of our sovereign and let edicts and commands fail to prevail over vassal ministers! Had the Prince of Lu early taken loyal and straight words and harbored alarm and fear, he would have enjoyed blessing without end—how could there have been the calamity of extinction! Good medicine is bitter in the mouth—only the sick can taste it as sweet; Loyal words grate on the ear—only the wise can receive them. Now Ke and the others, trembling with earnest fear, wish to remove peril and danger for Your Highness while it is still a sprout and broaden the foundation of fortune and blessing; therefore, not knowing that our words have gone too far, we beg that you ponder them thrice!" The prince received the memorial, took alarm, and thereupon moved to Nanchang.
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初，吳大帝築東興堤以遏巢湖，其後入寇淮南，敗，以內船，遂廢不復治。 冬，十月，太傅恪會眾於東興，更作大堤，左右結山，俠築兩城，各留千人，使將軍全端守西城，都尉留略守東城，引軍而還。
Earlier, Wu's Great Emperor built the Dongxing dike to block Chaohu Lake; afterward, when they invaded Huainan and were defeated, they breached it to admit boats inward, and the work was abandoned and never restored. In the tenth month of winter, Grand Tutor Ke assembled the host at Dongxing, rebuilt the great dike, linked the mountains on either side, and built two cities between them, leaving a thousand men at each; he sent General Quan Duan to hold the western city and Commandant Liu Lue to hold the eastern city, then led the army back.
105
鎮東將軍諸葛誕言於大將軍師曰：「今因吳內侵，使文舒逼江陵，仲恭向武昌，以羈吳之上流； 然後簡精卒攻其兩城，比救至，可大獲也。」 是時征南大將軍王昶、征東將軍胡遵、鎮南將軍毋丘儉等各獻征吳之計。 朝廷以三征計異，詔問尚書傅嘏。 嘏對曰：「議者或欲泛舟徑濟，橫行江表； 或欲四道並進，攻其城壘； 或欲大佃疆場，觀釁而動； 誠皆取賊之常計也。 然自治兵以來，出入三載，非掩襲之軍也。 賊之為寇，幾六十年矣，君臣相保，吉凶共患，又喪其元帥，上下憂危，設令列船津要，堅城據險，橫行之計，其殆難捷。 今邊壤之守，與賊相遠，賊設羅落，又特重密，間諜不行，耳目無聞。 夫軍無耳目，校察未詳，而舉大眾以臨巨險，此為希幸徼功，先戰而後求勝，非全軍之長策也。 唯有進軍大佃，最差完牢； 可詔昶、遵等擇地居險，審所錯置，及令三方一時前守。 奪其肥壤，使還□脊土，一也； 兵出民表，寇鈔不犯，二也； 招懷近路，降附日至，三也； 羅落遠設，間構不來，四也； 賊退其守，羅落必淺，佃作易立，五也； 坐食積穀，士不運輸，六也； 釁隙時聞，討襲速決，七也； 凡此七者，軍事之急務也。 不據則賊擅便資，據之則利歸於國，不可不察也。 夫屯壘相逼，形勢已交，智勇得陳，巧拙得用，策之而知得失之計，角之而知有餘不足，虜之情偽，將焉所逃！ 夫以小敵大，則役煩力竭； 以貧敵富，則斂重財匱。 故曰：『敵逸能勞之，飽能饑之』，此之謂也。」 司馬師不從。
Eastern Garrison General Zhuge Dan said to Grand General Sima Shi: 'Now, taking advantage of Wu's inward aggression, have Wenshu press Jiangling and Zhonggong advance on Wuchang, to tie up Wu's upper Yangtze; then select crack troops to attack the two cities—by the time relief arrives, a great haul can be taken.' At this time Southern Campaign General Wang Chang, Eastern Campaign General Hu Zun, and Southern Garrison General Guanqiu Jian each submitted plans for campaigning against Wu. The court, because the three campaigners' plans differed, issued an edict a query to Chief of Secretaries Fu Gu. Gu replied: 'Some debaters wish to float boats straight across and rampage south of the Yangtze; some wish to advance on four routes together and assault their fortifications; some wish to garrison-farm widely on the frontier and move when they see an opening; Truly these are all the bandits' usual stratagems. Yet from the ordering of troops until now, three years have passed in and out—it is no longer a force for surprise raids. The bandits have been raiders for nearly sixty years; lord and ministers protect one another, share fortune and misfortune, and now have also lost their commander-in-chief—above and below are anxious and imperiled. Suppose they array ships at the critical fords and hold firm cities at the narrows—the plan of rampaging would be hard to succeed swiftly. Now the frontier garrisons stand far from the enemy; the enemy has set picket lines that are especially dense and tight—spies cannot operate, and we hear nothing with our ears and eyes. When an army has no ears and eyes, and reconnaissance is not thorough, yet one raises a great host to face a vast peril—this is hoping for lucky merit, fighting first and seeking victory afterward; it is not the long strategy for preserving the whole army. Only advancing the army in great garrison farming is the most secure and complete. You may edict Chang, Zun, and the others to choose terrain and occupy the narrows, examine where to place forces, and order the three directions to advance and hold at once. Strip them of their rich soil and make them return to cultivate barren land—this is the first; Troops camp beyond the people so raiders and plunderers do not violate them—this is the second; Summon and win over those along the near roads, and surrenders and adherents arrive daily—this is the third; Picket lines are set far off so spies and intrigues do not come—this is the fourth; When the enemy withdraws their guard, picket lines must be shallow and garrison farming easy to establish—this is the fifth; Sitting and eating accumulated grain, soldiers need not transport supplies—this is the sixth; Cracks are heard from time to time, and punitive raids are decided swiftly—this is the seventh; In all, these seven are the urgent tasks of war. If we do not seize them, the enemy monopolizes convenient resources; if we seize them, the profit returns to the state—this cannot go unexamined. When garrison ramparts press one another and the terrain is already engaged, wisdom and courage can be displayed and skill and clumsiness put to use—plan against them and know the reckoning of gain and loss; test them and know surplus and insufficiency. Where can the barbarians' truth and falsehood escape? To use the small against the large is to wear out labor and exhaust strength; To use the poor against the rich is to levy heavily and drain wealth. Therefore it is said: 'When the enemy is at ease, you can weary him; when he is full, you can starve him'—this is what that means. Sima Shi did not heed him.
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十一月，詔王昶等三道擊吳。 十二月，王昶攻南郡，毋丘儉向武昌，胡遵、諸葛誕率眾七萬攻東興。 甲寅，吳太傅恪將兵四萬，晨夜兼行，救東興。 胡遵等敕諸軍作浮橋以度，陳於坻上，分兵攻兩城。 城在高峻，不可卒拔。 諸葛恪使冠軍將軍丁奉與呂據、留贊、唐咨為前部，從山西上。 奉謂諸將曰：「今諸軍行緩，若賊據便地，則難以爭鋒，我請趨之。」 乃辟諸軍使下道，奉自率麾下三千人徑進。 時北風，奉舉帆二日，即至東關，遂據徐塘。 時天雪，寒，胡遵等方置酒高會。 奉見其前部兵少，謂其下曰：「取封侯爵賞，正在今日！」 乃使兵皆解鎧，去矛戟，但兜鍪刀楯，裸身緣堨。 魏人望見，大笑之，不即嚴兵。 吳兵得上，便鼓噪，斫破魏前屯，呂據等繼至。 魏軍驚擾散走，爭渡浮橋，橋壞絕，自投於水，更相蹈藉。 前部督韓綜、樂安太守桓嘉等皆沒，死者數萬。 綜故吳叛將，數為吳害，吳大帝常切齒恨之，諸葛恪命送其首以白大帝廟。 獲車乘、牛馬、騾驢各以千數，資器山積，振旅而歸。
In the eleventh month, an edict ordered Wang Chang and the others to attack Wu on three routes. In the twelfth month, Wang Chang attacked Nan Commandery; Guanqiu Jian turned toward Wuchang; Hu Zun and Zhuge Dan led seventy thousand men to attack Dongxing. On the day jiayin, Wu Grand Tutor Ke led forty thousand troops, marching day and night together, to relieve Dongxing. Hu Zun and the others ordered the armies to build a pontoon bridge to cross and formed up on the shoal, dividing troops to attack the two cities. The cities stood high and steep—they could not be taken at once. Zhuge Ke sent Champion General Ding Feng, together with Lü Ju, Liu Zan, and Tang Zi, as the vanguard, ascending from the west of the mountain. Feng said to the generals: 'Now the armies march slowly; if the enemy seizes favorable ground, it will be hard to contend for the advantage—I ask leave to hurry ahead. Thereupon he sent the other armies down the lower road, while he himself led three thousand men of his command straight forward. There was a north wind; Feng raised sail and in two days reached Dong Pass, then occupied Xu embankment. Snow was falling and the cold was bitter; Hu Zun and the others were just holding a grand feast with wine. Feng saw their forward troops were few and said to his men: 'The titles, fiefs, and rewards await us today! He then had the soldiers all remove their armor, discard spears and halberds, keeping only helmets, swords, and shields, and climb the ramparts bare-bodied. The Wei men saw them and laughed loudly, not immediately marshaling their troops. Once the Wu soldiers gained the height, they at once raised a battle cry, hacked through the Wei forward camp, and Lü Ju and the others followed in. The Wei army was startled and scattered in flight, scrambling to cross the pontoon bridge; the bridge broke apart, and men threw themselves into the water, trampling one another. Forward commander Han Zong, Administrator of Le'an Huan Jia, and others all perished; the dead numbered in the tens of thousands. Zong had been a Wu defector and repeatedly harmed Wu; Wu's Great Emperor had often gnashed his teeth in hatred of him. Zhuge Ke ordered his head sent to report the victory at the Great Emperor's temple. They captured chariots, cattle, horses, mules, and donkeys by the thousands each, and equipment and vessels piled like hills; then they rallied the host and returned.
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初，漢姜維寇西平，獲中郎將郭循，漢人以為左將軍。 循欲刺漢主，不得親近，每因上壽，且拜且前，為左右所遏，事輒不果。
Earlier, Han's Jiang Wei raided Xiping and captured Commandant Guo Xun; the Han court made him Left General. Xun wished to assassinate the Han ruler but could not approach him; each time at birthday felicitations he would bow and advance step by step, but was blocked by those at the ruler's side, and the affair repeatedly failed.