1
資治通鑑第076卷
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government, Volume 76
2
【魏紀八】起昭陽作噩，盡旃蒙大淵獻，凡三年。
[Records of Wei, Number Eight] Spanning from the cyclical year Zhaoyang Zuoe through Zhanmeng Dayuanxian—three years in all.
3
邵陵厲公下嘉平五年（ 癸酉，公元二五三年）
Under the Deposed Duke of Shaoling, fifth year of Jiaping ( the year guiyou, AD 253)
4
春，正月，朔，蜀大將軍費禕與諸將大會於漢壽，郭循在坐； 禕歡飲沉醉，循起刺禕，殺之。 禕資性泛愛，不疑於人。 越巂太守張嶷嘗以書戒之日：「昔岑彭率師，來歙杖節，鹹見害於刺客。 今明將軍位尊權重，待信新附太過，宜鑒前事，少以為警。」 禕不從，故及禍。
In spring, on the new moon of the first month, the Shu Grand General Fei Yi held a grand council with his commanders at Hanshou, with Guo Xun in attendance; Yi drank freely until he was thoroughly drunk; Xun sprang up and stabbed him to death. By nature Yi was open-hearted and trusting; he did not doubt others. Zhang Ni, Administrator of Yuexi, had once warned him in a letter: "In the past Cen Peng led troops in the field and Lai Xi held imperial commission—both were cut down by assassins. Now that you hold high rank and heavy authority, you place too much trust in men who have only lately submitted. Take those precedents as your warning and keep somewhat on your guard." Yi did not heed him, and so came to ruin.
5
詔追封郭循為長樂鄉侯，使其子襲爵。
An edict posthumously enfeoffed Guo Xun as Marquis of Changle District and allowed his son to inherit the title.
6
王昶、毌丘儉聞東軍敗，各燒屯走。 朝議欲貶黜諸將，大將軍師曰：「我不聽公休，以至於此。 此我過也，諸將何罪！」 悉宥之。 師弟安東將軍昭時為監軍，唯削昭爵而已。 以諸葛誕為鎮南將軍，都督豫州； 毌丘儉為鎮東將軍，都督揚州。
When Wang Chang and Guanqiu Jian heard that the eastern army had been defeated, each burned his camps and withdrew. The court debated demoting the commanders, but Grand General Sima Shi said, "I refused to listen to Gongxiu, and that is how we came to this pass. The fault is mine—what crime have the generals committed?" He pardoned them all. Shi's younger brother Sima Zhao, then General Who Pacifies the East serving as army supervisor, was merely stripped of his noble rank. Zhuge Dan was appointed General Who Guards the South and put in command of Yuzhou; Guanqiu Jian was appointed General Who Guards the East and put in command of Yangzhou.
7
是歲，雍州刺史陳泰求敕并州並力討胡，師從之。 未集，而雁門、新興二郡胡以遠役，遂驚反。 師又謝朝士曰：「此我過也，非陳雍州之責！」 是以人皆愧悅。
That year Chen Tai, Inspector of Yongzhou, asked that Bingzhou be ordered to join him in campaigning against the barbarians, and Shi agreed. Before the armies could assemble, the barbarians of Yanmen and Xinxing, alarmed by the prospect of distant service, rose in revolt. Shi again apologized to the court, saying, "This is my fault, not Chen Tai's responsibility!" Everyone was moved to shame and admiration.
8
習鑿齒論曰：司馬大將軍引二敗以為己過，過消而業隆，可謂智矣。 若乃諱敗推過，歸咎萬物，常執其功而隱其喪，上下離心，賢愚解體，謬之甚矣！ 君人者，苟統斯理而以御國，行失而名揚，兵挫而戰勝，雖百敗可也，況於再乎！
Xi Zuochi remarked: By taking two defeats upon himself, Grand General Sima dispelled blame and strengthened his position—this was true wisdom. To conceal defeat, shift blame, claim every success while hiding every loss—when superiors and subordinates lose heart and talent disperses, the error could hardly be greater! A ruler who masters this principle may err in conduct yet grow in fame, suffer defeat in battle yet win the war—even a hundred setbacks are tolerable, let alone two!
9
光祿大夫張緝言於師曰：「恪雖克捷，見誅不久。」 師曰：「何故？」 緝曰：「威震其主，功蓋一國，求不得死乎！」
Minister of the Household Zhang Ji told Shi, "Ke may have won his battle, but he will soon be executed." Shi asked, "Why do you say so?" Ji replied, "His might overawes his sovereign and his achievements overshadow the realm—how could he hope to die a natural death?"
10
二月，吳軍還自東興。 進封太傅恪陽都侯，加荊、揚州牧，督中外諸軍事。 恪遂有輕敵之心，復欲出軍。 諸大臣以為數出罷勞，同辭諫恪，恪不聽。 中散大夫蔣延固爭，恪命扶出。 因著論以諭眾曰：「凡敵國欲相吞，即仇讎欲相除也。 有仇而長之，禍不在己，則在後人，不可不為遠慮也。 昔秦但得關西耳，尚以併吞六國。 今以魏比古之秦，土地數倍； 以吳與蜀，比古六國，不能半也。 然今所以能敵之者，但以操時兵眾，於今適盡，而後生者未及長大，正是賊衰少未盛之時。 加司馬懿先誅王凌，續自隕斃，其子幼弱而專彼大任，雖有智計之士，未得施用。 當今伐之，是其厄會。 聖人急於趨時，誠謂今日。 若順眾人之情，懷偷安之計，以為長江之險可以傳世，不論魏之終始而以今日遂輕其後，此吾所以長歎息者也！ 今聞眾人或以百姓尚貧，欲務閒息，此不知慮其大危而愛其小勤者也。 昔漢祖幸已自有三秦之地，何不閉關守險以自娛樂，空出攻楚，身被創痍，介冑生蟣虱，將士厭困苦，豈甘鋒刃而忘安寧哉？ 慮於長久不得兩存者耳。 每覽荊邯說公孫述以進取之圖，近見家叔父表陳與賊爭競之計，未嘗不喟然歎息也！ 夙夜反側，所慮如此，故聊疏愚言，以達二、三君子之末。 若一朝隕沒，志畫不立，貴令來世知我所憂，可思於後耳。」 眾人雖皆心以為不可，然莫敢復難。
In the second month the Wu army returned from Dongxing. Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke was promoted to Marquis of Yangdu, made Governor of Jing and Yang, and given supreme command over all military affairs. Ke grew overconfident and wished to march out again. The ministers argued that repeated campaigns had worn the army down and jointly urged Ke to desist; he would not listen. Palace Attendant Jiang Yan pressed his objections relentlessly until Ke had him bodily removed. He then wrote a treatise to instruct his colleagues: "When rival states seek to devour one another, it is like sworn enemies striving to destroy each other. If you let an enemy grow strong, the disaster may not strike you but your descendants—long-term planning is indispensable. In antiquity Qin held only the lands west of the passes, yet still went on to swallow the Six States. Today Wei compared with ancient Qin commands several times the territory; while Wu and Shu together amount to less than half the Six States. Yet we can still contend with them only because the armies Cao Cao raised are now exhausted and the next generation has not yet come of age—precisely when the enemy is weak and not yet at full strength. Moreover Sima Yi first executed Wang Ling and then died in turn; his son is young and weak yet holds supreme power alone—even able strategists cannot put their talents to use. To attack them now is to strike at their moment of crisis. The sage hurries to seize the hour—and that hour is today. If we follow popular sentiment, cling to ease, imagine the Yangzi's defenses can shield us forever, and without weighing Wei's long-term prospects treat today lightly and neglect tomorrow—that is what makes me sigh in despair! Now I hear some say the people are still poor and we should seek repose—this is to ignore grave danger for the sake of sparing a little toil. When the Founder of Han already held the Three Qin, why did he not shut the passes and enjoy his security, but marched out against Chu—his body covered with wounds, lice in his armor, his men worn down by hardship? Did they love the sword and forget peace? He understood that in the long run both sides could not coexist. Whenever I read how Jing Han urged Gongsun Shu toward conquest, or lately saw my uncle's memorial on competing with the enemy, I cannot help but sigh! Day and night I lie awake with these worries; I set down these humble words to reach two or three of you who share my concern. If I should die tomorrow and my designs go unrealized, let later ages know what I feared, that posterity may take thought from it." Though all still thought him wrong at heart, none dared object again.
11
丹楊太守聶友素與恪善，以書諫恪曰：「大行皇帝本有遏東關之計，計未施行； 今公輔贊大業，成先帝之志，寇遠自送，將士憑賴威德，出身用命，一旦有非常之功，豈非宗廟神靈社稷之福邪！ 宜且案兵養銳，觀釁而動。 今乘此勢欲復大出，天時未可而苟任盛意，私心以為不安。」 恪題論後，為書答友曰：「足下雖有自然之理，然未見大數，熟省此論，可以開悟矣。」
Nie You, Administrator of Danyang and an old friend of Ke's, wrote to dissuade him: "The late emperor had planned to block Dongguan, but the plan was never executed; now you uphold the great enterprise and fulfill the late emperor's will; the enemy came to us from afar, and your men, trusting in your authority, fought with their lives and won a signal victory—is this not a blessing from the ancestral spirits and the altars of state? You should hold your armies in check, restore their strength, watch for an opening, and then strike. Now you wish to march out again on the strength of this victory—the timing is wrong, yet you insist on your zeal; privately I find this troubling." Ke appended his treatise and wrote back: "You speak with sound reason, yet you have not grasped the larger design; read this treatise carefully and you may see the light."
12
滕胤謂恪曰：「君受伊、霍之托，入安本朝，出摧強敵，名聲振於海內，天下莫不震動，萬姓之心，冀得蒙君而息。 今猥以勞役之後，興師出征，民疲力屈，遠主有備，若攻城不克，野略無獲，是喪前勞而招後責也。 不如案甲息師，觀隙耐勸。 且兵者大事，事以眾濟，眾苟不悅，君獨安之！」 恪曰：「諸雲不可，皆不見計算，懷居苟安者也。 而子復以為然，吾何望乎！ 夫以曹芳暗劣，而政在私門，彼之民臣，固有離心。 今吾因國家之資，藉戰勝之威，則何往而不克哉！」
Teng Yin told Ke, "You were entrusted as Yi Yin and Huo Guang were—within you pacified the court, without you crushed a mighty foe; your fame rings across the realm, all under Heaven trembles, and the people long to rest under your protection. Now, right after heavy labor and campaigns, you would march out again—the people are exhausted, the distant enemy is prepared; if sieges fail and raids gain nothing, you will waste past effort and invite future blame. Better to lay aside your armor, rest your troops, watch for openings, and wait for the right moment. War is a grave matter—it succeeds only with popular support; if the people are discontent, how can you alone be at ease?" Ke replied, "Everyone says no—they none see the calculation and are men who cling to comfort and ease. And you agree with them—what hope have I left! Cao Fang is dim-witted and weak, while power rests in private hands—their people and officials are already divided in loyalty. With the state's resources and the prestige of victory behind us—where could we march and not prevail?"
13
三月，恪大發州郡二十萬眾復入寇，以滕胤為都下督，掌統留事。 夏，四月，大赦。
In the third month Ke mobilized two hundred thousand men from the provinces and invaded again, leaving Teng Yin as metropolitan supervisor to manage affairs at home. In summer, in the fourth month, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
14
漢姜維自以練西方風俗，兼負其才武，欲誘諸羌、胡以為羽翼，謂自隴以西，可斷而有。 每欲興軍大舉，費禕常裁製不從。 與其兵不過萬人，曰：「吾等不如丞相亦已遠矣，丞相猶不能定中夏，況吾等乎！ 不如且保國治民，謹守社稷，如其功業，以俟能者，無為希冀徼幸，決成敗於一舉； 若不如志，悔之無及。」 及禕死，維得行其志，乃將數萬人出石營，圍狄道。
Jiang Wei of Shu, confident that he knew the western frontier and trusting in his talent and martial skill, sought to win over the Qiang and other barbarians as allies, believing he could cut off and hold everything west of Long. Whenever he wished to launch a major campaign, Fei Yi would restrain him and refuse consent. He allowed him no more than ten thousand men, saying, "We are far beneath the Chancellor already, and even he could not pacify the Central Plains—how much less can we! Better to preserve the state, govern the people, and guard the altars with care; if great deeds are to come, let abler men attempt them—do not gamble everything on one throw; if you fail, regret will come too late." After Yi's death Wei was free to act on his designs; he led tens of thousands out from Shiying and besieged Didao.
15
吳諸葛恪入寇淮南，驅略民人。 諸將或謂恪曰：「今引軍深入，疆場之民，必相率遠遁，恐兵勞而功少，不如止圍新城，新城困，救必至，至而圖之，乃可大獲。」 恪從其計，五月，還軍圍新城。
Zhuge Ke of Wu invaded Huainan, driving off and plundering the populace. Some generals urged Ke, "Marching deep inland, the border people will flee en masse—we risk exhausting our men for little gain. Better to halt and besiege Xincheng; when the city is desperate, relief will come, and we can strike the relief force for a great prize." Ke agreed; in the fifth month he turned back to besiege Xincheng.
16
詔太尉司馬孚督諸軍二十萬往赴之。 大將軍師問於虞松曰：「今東西有事，二方皆急，而諸將意沮，若之何？」 松曰：「昔周亞夫堅壁昌邑而吳、楚自敗，事有似弱而強，不可不察也。 今恪悉其銳眾，足以肆暴，而坐守新城，欲以致一戰耳。 若攻城不拔，請戰不可，師老眾疲，勢將自走，諸將之不徑進，乃公之利也。 姜維有重兵而縣軍應恪，投食我麥，非深根之寇也。 且謂我並力於東，西方必虛，是以徑進。 今若使關中諸軍倍道急赴，出其不意，殆將走矣。」 師曰：「善！」 乃使郭淮、陳泰悉關中之眾，解狄道之圍； 敕毌丘儉等案兵自守，以新城委吳。 陳泰進至洛門，姜維糧盡，退還。
An edict ordered Grand Commandant Sima Fu to take command of two hundred thousand men and march to the relief. Grand General Sima Shi asked Yu Song, "We face crises on both fronts, yet the generals are disheartened—what should we do?" Song replied, "When Zhou Yafu held fast at Changyi, Wu and Chu defeated themselves—what looks weak may prove strong; this must be weighed carefully. Ke has massed his best troops, enough to ravage the countryside, yet sits before Xincheng—he wants to force a decisive battle, nothing more. If he cannot storm the city or draw you into battle, his army will wear out and withdraw of its own accord—the generals' reluctance to advance is actually to your advantage. Jiang Wei has a large force but has marched out lightly to support Ke, living off our wheat—he is no deeply rooted invader. He assumes we are committing everything to the east and that the west must be undefended—that is why he pushes straight in. If the Guanzhong armies march at forced pace and take him by surprise, he will likely flee." Shi said, "Excellent!" He sent Guo Huai and Chen Tai with all the Guanzhong forces to lift the siege of Didao; and ordered Guanqiu Jian and the others to hold their positions and leave Xincheng to Wu. Chen Tai advanced to Luomen; Jiang Wei ran out of supplies and withdrew.
17
揚州牙門將涿郡張特守新城。 吳人攻之連月，城中兵合三千人，疾病戰死者過半，而恪起土山急攻，城將陷，不可護。 特乃謂吳人曰：「今我無心復戰也。 然魏法，被攻過百日而救不至者，雖降，家不坐； 自受敵以來，已九十餘日矣，此城中本有四千餘人，戰死者已過半，城雖陷，尚有半人不欲降，我當還為相語，條別善惡，明日早送名，且以我印綬去為信。」 乃投其印綬與之。 吳人聽其辭而不取印綬。 特乃投夜徹諸屋材柵，補其缺為二重，明日，謂吳人曰：「我但有斗死耳！」 吳人大怒，進攻之，不能拔。
Zhang Te of Zhuo, gate commander of Yangzhou, held Xincheng. The Wu besieged it for months; the garrison numbered three thousand, more than half dead of sickness or battle; Ke built earthen ramps for a furious assault, and the city was about to fall beyond all defense. Te then told the Wu besiegers, "I have no will to fight on. But by Wei law, if a city has been besieged over a hundred days without relief, even those who surrender are not punished along with their families; we have been under attack for more than ninety days; the city once held over four thousand, more than half now dead; though the walls are failing, half the men still refuse to yield. Let me go back and confer with them, sort the willing from the unwilling, and send you the roster tomorrow; take my seal and ribbon as pledge." He tossed them his seal and ribbon. The Wu accepted his story but did not take the seal and ribbon. That night Te stripped timber and palisades from the houses and rebuilt the breaches into a double wall; the next day he told the Wu, "I have nothing left but to fight to the death!" The Wu were furious and attacked again, but could not take the city.
18
會大暑，吳士疲勞，飲水，洩下，流腫，病者太半，死傷塗地。 諸營吏日白病者多，恪以為詐，欲斬之，自是莫敢言。 恪內惟失計，而恥城不下，忿形於色。 將軍朱異以軍事迕恪，恪立奪其兵，斥還建業。 都尉蔡林數陳軍計，恪不能用，策馬來奔。 諸將伺知吳兵已疲，乃進救兵。 秋，七月，恪引軍去，士卒傷病，流曳道路，或頓僕坑壑，或見略獲，存亡哀痛，大小嗟呼。 而恪晏然自若，出住江渚一月，圖起田於潯陽； 詔召相銜，徐乃旋師。 由此眾庶失望，怨讟興矣。
Intense summer heat set in; the Wu troops, exhausted, drank foul water, suffered dysentery and sores, and more than half fell sick—dead and wounded littered the camp. Camp officers daily reported heavy sickness; Ke called it deception and threatened execution—from then on none dared report the truth. Ke knew inwardly that his strategy had failed, yet was ashamed that the city still held; his rage showed plainly on his face. General Zhu Yi had crossed Ke over military matters; Ke immediately stripped him of command and sent him back to Jianye. Commandant Cai Lin repeatedly offered military advice that Ke ignored; he spurred his horse and defected to Wei. The Wei generals, seeing that the Wu army was exhausted, advanced with relief troops. In autumn, the seventh month, Ke withdrew; wounded and sick soldiers straggled along the roads—some collapsing into ditches, some taken captive—dead and dying in anguish, men of every rank wailing. Yet Ke remained serene and unperturbed, camping on the riverbanks for a month while planning to open farmland at Xunyang; imperial summons came one after another before he slowly marched home. From this the people lost hope, and resentment and slander spread.
19
汝南太守鄧艾言於司馬師曰：「孫權已沒，大臣未附。 吳名宗大族皆有部曲，阻兵仗勢，足以違命。 諸葛恪新秉國政，而內無其主，不念撫恤上下以立根基，競於外事，虐用其民，番國之眾，頓於堅城，死者萬數，載禍而歸，此恪獲罪之日也。 昔子胥、吳起、商鞅、樂毅皆見任時君，主沒猶敗，況恪才非四賢，而不慮大患，其亡可待也。」
Deng Ai, Administrator of Runan, told Sima Shi, "Sun Quan is dead and the great ministers are not yet loyal. Wu’s great clans all maintain private armies; armed and entrenched, they are strong enough to defy the throne. Zhuge Ke has just seized power without a firm master at home; instead of winning hearts and building a foundation, he rushes into foreign wars and abuses his people—his army stalled before a stout wall, tens of thousands dead, returning in disaster: the day of his downfall is near. Wu Zixu, Wu Qi, Shang Yang, and Yue Yi all served their lords faithfully yet fell when their masters died—how much less can Ke, whose talent falls short of theirs and who ignores grave danger, hope to survive? His fall is only a matter of time."
20
八月，吳軍還建業，諸葛恪陳兵導從，歸入府館，即召中書令孫嘿，厲聲謂曰：「卿等何敢數妄作詔！」 嘿惶懼辭出，因病還家。
In the eighth month the Wu army returned to Jianye; Zhuge Ke entered the city under military escort and immediately summoned Director of the Secretariat Sun He, demanding in a harsh voice, "How dare you repeatedly issue false edicts!" Sun He withdrew in terror and retired home on grounds of illness.
21
恪征行之後，曹所奏署令長職司，一罷更選，愈治威嚴，多所罪責，當進見者無不竦息。 又改易宿衛，用其親近； 復敕兵嚴，欲向青、徐。
After the campaign Ke dismissed and replaced every magistrate Cao had appointed, ruled with growing severity, punished widely, and all who came to audience trembled in fear. He replaced the palace guard with his own men; and again ordered the armies to prepare for a campaign against Qing and Xu.
22
孫峻因民之多怨，眾之所嫌，構恪於吳主，雲欲為變。 冬，十月，孫峻與吳主謀置酒請恪。 恪將入之夜，精爽擾動，通夕不寐，又家數有妖怪，恪疑之。 旦日，駐車宮門，峻已伏兵於帷中，恐恪不時入，事洩，乃自出見恪曰：「使君若尊體不安，自可須後，峻當具白主上。」 欲以嘗知恪意。 恪曰：「當自力入。」 散騎常侍張約、朱恩等密書與恪曰：「今日張設非常，疑有他故。」 恪以書示滕胤，胤勸恪還。 恪曰：「兒輩何能為！ 正恐因酒食中人耳。」 恪入，劍履上殿，進謝還坐。 設酒，恪疑未飲。 孫峻曰：「使君病未善平，有常服藥酒，可取之。」 恪意乃安。 別飲所繼酒，數行，吳主還內。 峻起如廁，解長衣，著短服，出曰：「有詔收諸葛恪。」 恪驚起，拔劍未得，而峻刀交下，張約從旁斫峻，裁傷左手，峻應手斫約，斷右臂。 武衛之士皆趨上殿，峻曰：「所取者恪也，今已死！」 悉令復刃，乃除地更飲。 恪二子竦、建聞難，載其母欲來奔，峻使人追殺之。 以葦席裹恪屍，篾束腰，投之石子岡。 又遣無難督施寬就將軍施績、孫壹軍，殺恪弟奮威將軍融於公安，及其三子。 恪外甥都鄉侯張震、常侍朱恩，皆夷三族。
Sun Jun, exploiting popular resentment, slandered Ke to the Wu emperor, claiming he planned a coup. In winter, the tenth month, Sun Jun and the emperor plotted a banquet to lure Ke in. On the night he was to attend, Ke was restless and sleepless; strange omens appeared in his household, and he grew uneasy. At dawn he halted at the palace gate; Jun had hidden troops behind the curtains and, fearing Ke might not come and the plot be exposed, went out to meet him: "If you are unwell, you may wait; I will report fully to His Majesty." He meant to sound Ke out. Ke said, "I shall go in myself." Palace Attendants Zhang Yue and Zhu En sent Ke a secret note: "Today's arrangements are unusual; we suspect treachery." Ke showed the note to Teng Yin, who urged him to turn back. Ke said, "What can those boys do to me! I only fear poison in the food and wine." Ke entered, sword and shoes on the hall floor, offered thanks, and took his seat. Wine was served; Ke suspected poison and would not drink. Sun Jun said, "You are not yet fully recovered; here is your usual medicinal wine—you may drink it." Ke's suspicions eased. He drank the wine served afterward; after several rounds the emperor withdrew to the inner palace. Jun rose as if for the privy, stripped off his long robe, put on fighting dress, and announced, "By imperial edict, seize Zhuge Ke!" Ke sprang up in alarm but could not draw his sword in time; Jun's blades struck from every side; Zhang Yue hacked at Jun from the side and only wounded his left hand; Jun struck back and severed Yue's right arm. The palace guards rushed onto the hall; Jun cried, "We sought only Ke, and he is already dead!" He ordered all blades sheathed, the floor cleared, and the banquet resumed. Ke's sons Song and Jian, hearing of the attack, tried to flee with their mother; Jun sent men to pursue and kill them. They wrapped Ke's corpse in a rush mat, bound it with bamboo strips, and cast it onto Shizi Hill. He also sent Director of the Unconquered Shi Kuan to the armies of Shi Ji and Sun Yi to kill Ke's brother Rong, General Who Displays Might, at Gong'an, along with his three sons. Ke's nephew Zhang Zhen, Marquis of Duxiang, and Regular Attendant Zhu En were both exterminated to the third degree.
23
臨淮臧均表乞收葬恪曰：「震雷電激，不崇一朝； 大風沖發，希有極日； 然猶繼之以雲雨，因以潤物。 是則天地之威，不可經日浹辰； 帝王之怒，不宜言乞情盡意。 臣以狂愚，不知忌諱，敢冒破滅之罪以邀風雨之會。 伏念故太傅諸葛恪，罪積惡盈，自致夷滅，父子三首，梟市積日，觀者數萬，詈聲成風； 國之大刑，無所不震，長老孩幼，無不畢見。 人情之於品物，樂極則哀生，見恪貴盛，世莫與貳，身處台輔，中間歷年，今之誅夷，無異禽獸，觀訖情反，能不憯然！ 且已死之人，與土壤同域，鑿掘斫刺，無所復加。 願聖朝稽則乾坤，怒不極旬，使其鄉邑若故吏民收以士伍之服，惠以三寸之棺。 昔項籍受殯葬之施，韓信獲收斂之恩，斯則漢高發神明之譽也。 惟陛下敦三皇之仁，垂哀矜之心，使國澤加於辜戮之骸，復受不已之恩，於以揚聲遐方，沮勸天下，豈不大哉！ 昔欒布矯命彭越，臣竊恨之，不先請主上而專名以肆情，其得不誅，實為幸耳。 今臣不敢章宣是表以露天恩，謹伏手書，冒昧陳聞，乞聖明哀察。」 於是吳主及孫峻聽恪故吏斂葬。
Zang Jun of Linhuai memorialized begging leave to bury Ke: "Thunder and lightning strike fiercely, yet do not last a whole morning; great gales burst forth, rarely lasting a full day; yet they are followed by clouds and rain that nourish the land. So the wrath of Heaven and Earth cannot endure even a day and night; the rage of emperors and kings should not be stretched to the uttermost. Your servant, foolish and ignorant of propriety, dares risk destruction to plead for a season of mercy. I reflect that the late Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke, crimes piled high and wickedness overflowing, brought ruin on himself—father and sons, three heads exposed in the market for days, tens of thousands watching, curses rising like the wind; the state's supreme punishment has shaken all alike; young and old have witnessed it in full. Human nature turns from joy to sorrow at the extreme; Ke was once so glorious that none could rival him, holding the highest office for years—yet today's execution treats him no better than a beast; when the spectacle ends, hearts turn, and who cannot feel pity! Moreover the dead share the earth with the soil—no digging or stabbing can add further harm. I pray the holy court, following the example of Heaven and Earth, will not let wrath endure ten full days, but allow his native district and former officers to bury him in commoner's garb with a simple coffin. When Xiang Yu received burial rites and Han Xin was granted proper interment, Emperor Gaozu of Han won a reputation for divine magnanimity. May Your Majesty extend the benevolence of the Three Sovereigns, show pity and compassion, let state grace fall on the bones of the executed, and grant enduring mercy—thereby spreading your renown afar and instructing all under Heaven: would this not be magnificent! When Luan Bu forged orders to bury Peng Yue, he acted without asking his lord—I regret that I speak on my own authority; that I am not executed is itself good fortune. I dare not proclaim this memorial openly; I respectfully submit this private letter, rashly stating my plea, and beg Your Sage Majesty's pity and consideration." Thereupon the Wu emperor and Sun Jun allowed Ke's former officers to bury him.
24
初，恪少有盛名，大帝深器重之，而恪父瑾常以為戚，曰：「非保家之主也。」 父友奮威將軍張承亦以為恪必敗諸葛氏。 陸遜嘗謂恪曰：「在我前者吾必奉之同升，在我下者則扶接之； 今觀君氣陵其上，意蔑乎下，非安德之基也。」 漢侍中諸葛瞻，亮之子也； 恪再攻淮南，越巂太守張嶷與瞻書曰：「東主初崩，帝實幼弱，太傅受寄托之重，亦何容易！ 親有周公之才，猶有管、蔡流言之變，霍光受任，亦有燕、蓋、上官逆亂之謀，賴成、昭之明以免斯難耳。 昔每聞東主殺生賞罰，不任下人，又今以垂沒之命，卒召太傅，屬以後事，誠實可慮。 加吳楚剽急，乃昔所記，而太傅離少主，履敵庭，恐非良計長算也。 雖雲東家綱紀肅然，上下輯睦； 百有一失，非明者之慮也。 取古則今，今則古也，自非郎君進忠言於太傅，誰復有盡言者邪！ 旋軍廣農，務行德惠，數年之中，東西並舉，實為不晚，願深采察！」 恪果以此敗。
Earlier Ke had won great fame in youth, and the Great Emperor valued him highly, yet his father Jin often grieved, saying, "He is not a man who can preserve the family line." His father's friend Zhang Cheng, General Who Displays Might, also believed Ke would ruin the Zhuge clan. Lu Xun once told Ke, "Those above me I must honor and rise with; those below me I must support and lift up; but I see your spirit overbearing toward superiors and contemptuous toward inferiors—this is no foundation for lasting virtue." In Shu, Palace Attendant Zhuge Zhan was Zhuge Liang's son; when Ke again attacked Huainan, Zhang Ni of Yuexi wrote to Zhan: "The eastern lord has just died, the emperor is young and weak, and the Grand Tutor bears a deathbed trust—how perilous this is! Even the Duke of Zhou faced the slanders of Guan and Cai; Huo Guang faced plots from Yan, Gai, and Shangguan—only the wisdom of Emperor Cheng and Emperor Zhao averted disaster. I have long heard that the eastern lord kept life-and-death power in his own hands; now, on his deathbed, he suddenly summoned the Grand Tutor and entrusted him with the realm—this is truly worrisome. Moreover Wu and Chu are fierce peoples of old renown; for the Grand Tutor to leave the young sovereign and tread enemy territory is hardly wise long-term strategy. Though it is said the eastern court is well ordered and harmonious; in a hundred cases there is one lapse—not what the wise should rely upon. The past illuminates the present; unless you, sir, offer loyal counsel to the Grand Tutor, who else will speak plainly! Withdraw the armies, promote agriculture, and practice benevolence; within a few years a campaign on both fronts would not be too late—I beg you to consider this carefully!" Ke was indeed ruined for just these reasons.
25
吳群臣共議上奏，推孫峻為太尉，滕胤為司徒。 有媚峻者言曰：「萬機宜在公族，若承嗣為亞公，聲名素重，眾心所附，不可量也。」 乃表峻為丞相、大將軍，督中外諸軍事，又不置御史大夫； 由是士人失望。 滕胤女為恪子竦妻，胤以此辭位。 孫峻曰：「鯀、禹罪不相及，滕侯何為！」 峻與胤雖內不沾洽，而外相苞容，進胤爵高密侯，共事如前。
The Wu ministers jointly memorialized, recommending Sun Jun as Grand Commandant and Teng Yin as Minister of Works. A flatterer of Jun said, "State affairs should rest with the imperial clan; if Teng Yin became second minister, his long-standing fame and popular support would make him impossible to measure." They then memorialized Jun as Chancellor and Grand General with supreme military command, and did not appoint a Grand Censor; from this the scholar-officials were deeply disappointed. Teng Yin's daughter had been married to Ke's son Song; Yin declined office for this reason. Sun Jun said, "Gun and Yu were not punished for each other's crimes—why should Marquis Teng decline!" Though Jun and Yin were not close inwardly, outwardly they accommodated each other; Jun advanced Yin to Marquis of Gaomi, and they worked together as before.
26
齊王奮聞諸葛恪誅，下住蕪湖，欲至建業觀變。 傅相謝慈等諫，奮殺之，坐廢為庶人，徙章安。
Prince Fen of Qi, hearing of Zhuge Ke's execution, moved down to Wuhu, intending to go to Jianye to watch how events unfolded. His tutor Xie Ci and others remonstrated; Fen killed them and was demoted to commoner status and exiled to Zhang'an.
27
南陽王和妃張氏，諸葛恪之甥也。 先是恪有徙都之意，使治武昌宮，民間或言恪欲迎和立之。 及恪被誅，丞相峻因此奪和璽綬，徙新都，又遣使者追賜死。 初，和妾何氏生子皓，諸姬子德、謙、俊。 和將死，與張妃別，妃曰：「吉凶當相隨，終不獨生。」 亦自殺。 何姬曰：「若皆從死，誰當字孤！」 遂撫育皓及其三弟，皆賴以獲全。
Lady Zhang, consort of Prince He of Nanyang, was Zhuge Ke's niece. Earlier Ke had planned to move the capital and had the Wuchang palace repaired; rumor held that Ke meant to install Prince He on the throne. When Ke was executed, Chancellor Jun seized He's seal and ribbon, moved him to the new capital, and sent envoys to order his death. Prince He had a concubine, Lady He, who bore son Hao; other consorts bore sons De, Qian, and Jun. As He faced death, he bade farewell to Consort Zhang; she said, "In fortune or misfortune we should go together—I will not live alone." She too took her own life. Lady He said, "If all die, who will raise the orphans!" She then raised Hao and his three brothers, and all were preserved through her care.
28
高貴鄉公上
Under the Duke of Gaoguixiang
29
邵陵厲公下正元元年（ 甲戌，公元二五四年）
Under the Deposed Duke of Shaoling, first year of Zhengyuan ( the year jiaxu, AD 254)
30
春，二月，殺中書令李豐。 初，豐年十七、八，已有清名，海內翕然稱之。 其父太僕恢不願其然，敕使閉門斷客。 曹爽專政，司馬懿稱疾不出，豐為尚書僕射，依違二公間，故不與爽同誅。 豐子韜，以選尚齊長公主。 司馬師秉政，以豐為中書令。 是時，太常夏侯玄有天下重名，以曹爽親故，不得在勢任，居常怏怏； 張緝以後父去郡家居，亦不得意。 豐皆與之親善。 師雖擢用豐，豐私心常在玄。 豐在中書二歲，帝數獨召豐與語，不知所說。 師知其議己，請豐相見以詰豐，豐不以實告； 師怒，以刀鐶築殺之，送屍付廷尉，遂收豐子韜及夏侯玄、張緝等皆下廷尉，鐘毓案治，云：「豐與黃門監蘇鑠，永寧署令樂敦，冗從僕射劉賢等謀曰：『拜貴人日，諸營兵皆屯門，陛下臨軒，因此同奉陛下，將群僚人兵，就誅大將軍； 陛下儻不從人，便當劫將去耳。』」 又云：「謀以玄為大將軍，緝為驃騎將軍； 玄、緝皆知其謀。」 庚戌，誅韜、玄、緝、鑠、敦、賢，皆夷三族。
In spring, the second month, Director of the Secretariat Li Feng was executed. Earlier, when Feng was seventeen or eighteen, he already enjoyed a spotless reputation; all under Heaven spoke of him with admiration. His father Hui, Minister of Coaches, disapproved and ordered him to shut his gate and refuse visitors. When Cao Shuang monopolized power and Sima Yi feigned illness and held aloof, Feng served as Vice Director of the Secretariat, steering between the two factions, and thus escaped execution with Shuang. Feng's son Tao was selected to marry the Elder Princess of Qi. When Sima Shi took power, Feng was appointed Director of the Secretariat. At this time Xiahou Xuan, Grand Commandant of Ceremonies, enjoyed a towering reputation; as a kinsman of Cao Shuang he held no real power and was habitually discontent; Zhang Ji, as father of the empress, had left office and lived at home, and was likewise discontent. Feng was on intimate terms with both men. Though Shi promoted Feng, Feng's loyalty remained with Xiahou Xuan. For two years Feng served in the Secretariat; the emperor repeatedly summoned him for private talks—no one knew what was said. Shi learned they were plotting against him and summoned Feng to question him; Feng would not confess; Shi in fury beat him to death with a sword-ring, sent the body to the Minister of Justice, and arrested Feng's son Tao, Xiahou Xuan, Zhang Ji, and the rest; Zhong Yu investigated and reported: "Feng plotted with Yellow Gate Supervisor Su Shuo, Yongning Office Director Yue Dun, Supernumerary Attendant Liu Xian, and others, saying, 'On the day the consort is invested, mass the camp troops at the gates; when His Majesty appears at the hall, we shall together support him, rally the officials' troops, and execute the Grand General; if His Majesty refuses, we shall seize the general and carry him off.' He also reported, "They planned to make Xuan Grand General and Ji General of Agile Cavalry; Xuan and Ji both knew of the plot." On the day gengxu, Tao, Xuan, Ji, Shuo, Dun, and Xian were executed and their clans exterminated to the third degree.
31
夏侯霸之入蜀也，邀玄欲與之俱，玄不從。 及司馬懿薨，中領軍高陽許允謂玄曰：「無復憂矣！」 玄歎曰：「士宗，卿何不見事乎！ 此人猶能以通家年少遇我，子元、子上不吾容也。」 及下獄，玄不肯下辭，鍾毓自臨治之。 玄正色責毓曰：「吾當何罪！ 卿為令史責人也，卿便為吾作！」 毓以玄名士，節高，不可屈，而獄當竟，夜為作辭，令與事相附，流涕以示玄； 玄視，頷之而已。 及就東市，顏色不變，舉動自若。
When Xiahou Ba fled to Shu, he invited Xuan to join him; Xuan refused. When Sima Yi died, Central Army Commander Xu Yun of Gaoyang told Xuan, "You need worry no more!" Xuan sighed, "Shizong, why do you not see how things stand! This man still treated me generously as a family friend; Ziyuan and Zishang will not spare me." When imprisoned, Xuan refused to confess; Zhong Yu came to try him in person. Xuan sternly reproached Yu: "What crime have I committed! You are a clerk whose job is to assign blame—then write it for me!" Yu knew Xuan was a famous gentleman of unbending integrity, yet the case had to close; at night he drafted a confession fitting the charges and, weeping, showed it to Xuan; Xuan looked at it and merely nodded. When led to the eastern market, his color did not change and his bearing remained composed.
32
李豐弟翼，為兗州刺史，司馬師遣使收之。 翼妻荀氏謂翼曰：「中書事發，可及詔書未至赴吳，何為坐取死亡！ 左右可共同赴水火者為誰？」 翼思未答，妻曰：「君在大州，不知可與同死生者，雖去亦不免！」 翼曰：「二兒小，吾不去，今但從坐身死耳，二兒必免。」 乃止，死。
Li Feng's younger brother Yi, Inspector of Yanzhou, was seized by envoys from Sima Shi. Yi's wife Lady Xun told him, "The Secretariat plot has been exposed—you can reach Wu before the arrest order arrives; why sit here and wait for death! Who among your followers would go through fire and water with you?" Yi hesitated; his wife said, "You command a great province yet do not know who would die with you—even flight will not save you!" Yi said, "My two sons are young; I will not flee. I shall die for association, but the boys will be spared." He stayed, and was executed.
33
初，李恢與尚書僕射杜畿及東安太守郭智善，智子沖，有內實而無外觀，州裡弗稱也。 沖嘗與李豐俱見畿，既退，畿歎曰：「孝懿無子； 非徒無子，殆將無家。 君謀為不死也，其子足繼其業。」 時人皆以畿為誤。 及豐死，沖為代君太守，卒繼父業。
Earlier Li Hui was friendly with Vice Director Du Ji and Dong'an Administrator Guo Zhi; Zhi's son Chong had substance but no outward brilliance, and locals did not praise him. Chong once visited Ji with Li Feng; after they left, Ji sighed, "Xiaoyi has no worthy son; not only no son—he will likely destroy his whole family. You, sir, seek to survive; your son is fit to carry on your work." At the time everyone thought Ji was wrong. When Feng died, Chong became Administrator of Daijun and eventually succeeded his father.
34
正始中，夏侯玄、何晏、鄧颺俱有盛名，欲交尚書郎傅嘏，嘏不受。 嘏友人荀粲怪而問之，嘏曰：「太初志大其量，能合虛聲而無實才。 何平叔言遠而情近，好辯而無誠，所謂利口覆邦國之人也。 鄧玄茂有為而無終，外要名利，內無關鑰，貴同惡異，多言而妒前； 多言多釁，妒前無親。 以吾觀此三人者，皆將敗家； 遠之猶恐禍及，況暱之乎！」 嘏又與李豐不善，謂同志曰：「豐飾偽而多疑，矜小智而昧於權利，若任機事，其死必矣！」
During the Zhengshi era Xiahou Xuan, He Yan, and Deng Yang were all famous and sought friendship with Secretariat Gentleman Fu Gu; Gu refused. Gu's friend Xun Can asked why; Gu replied, "Taichu's ambition exceeds his ability; he gathers empty reputation but lacks real talent. He Pingshu speaks loftily yet thinks narrowly, loves debate but lacks sincerity—a sharp tongue that can overturn a state. Deng Xuanmao acts but never finishes; outwardly he craves fame, inwardly he lacks substance; he favors allies and hates dissent, talks much and envies his betters; much talk breeds trouble; envy of betters wins no friends. in my view all three will ruin their families; to keep one's distance still risks calamity—how much more to befriend them!" Gu also disliked Li Feng and told his friends, "Feng is false and suspicious, prides himself on petty cleverness yet is blind to power—entrust him with critical affairs and he is sure to die!"
35
辛亥，大赦。
On the day xinhai, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
36
三月，廢皇后張氏，夏，四月，立皇后王氏，奉車都尉夔之女也。
In the third month Empress Zhang was deposed; in summer, the fourth month, Empress Wang was installed—daughter of Commandant of the Imperial Carriage Kui.
37
狄道長李簡密書請降於漢。 六月，姜維寇隴西。
Li Jian, chief of Didao, sent a secret letter offering surrender to Shu. In the sixth month Jiang Wei raided Longxi.
38
中領軍許允素與李豐、夏侯玄善。 秋，允為鎮北將軍、假節、都督河北諸軍事。 帝以允當出，詔會群臣，帝特引允以自近； 允當與帝別，涕泣歔欷。 允未發，有司奏允前放散官物，收付廷尉，徙樂浪，未至，道死。 吳孫峻驕矜淫暴，國人側目。 司馬桓慮謀殺峻，立太子登之子吳侯英； 不克，皆死。
Central Army Commander Xu Yun had long been close to Li Feng and Xiahou Xuan. In autumn Yun was appointed General Who Guards the North, with staff of authority and command over all forces north of the Yellow River. as Yun was to depart, the emperor summoned the ministers and drew Yun especially close; when Yun took leave of the emperor, both wept aloud. Before Yun departed, officials reported that he had earlier distributed state property; he was arrested, handed to the Minister of Justice, exiled to Lelang, and died on the road before arriving. In Wu, Sun Jun was arrogant, dissolute, and cruel; the people glared at him in anger. Sima Huan Lü plotted to kill Jun and install Crown Prince Deng's son, Marquis Ying of Wu; the plot failed and all were killed.
39
帝以李豐之死，意殊不平。 安東將軍司馬昭鎮許昌，詔召之使擊姜維。 九月，昭領兵入見，帝幸平樂觀以臨軍過。 左右勸帝因昭辭，殺之，勒兵以退大將軍； 已書詔於前，帝懼，不敢發。
The emperor was deeply displeased over Li Feng's death. General Who Pacifies the East Sima Zhao was stationed at Xuchang; an edict summoned him to attack Jiang Wei. In the ninth month Zhao marched in to audience; the emperor went to Pingle Terrace to review the troops. his attendants urged the emperor to kill Zhao when he took leave and use the troops to drive back the Grand General; the edict was already written, but the emperor in fear did not dare issue it.
40
昭引兵入城，大將軍師乃謀廢帝。 甲戌，師以皇太后令召群臣會議，以帝荒淫無度，褻近倡優，不可以承天緒； 群臣皆莫敢違。 乃奏收帝璽綬，歸籓於齊。 使郭芝入白太后，太后方與帝對坐，芝謂帝曰：「大將軍欲廢陛下，立彭城王據！」 帝乃起去。 太后不悅。 芝曰：「太后有子不能教，今大將軍意已成，又勒兵於外以備非常，但當順旨，將復何言！」 太后曰：「我欲見大將軍，口有所說。」 芝曰：「何可見邪！ 但當速取璽綬！」 太后意折，乃遣傍侍御取璽綬著坐側。 芝出報師，師甚喜。 又遣使者授帝齊王印綬，使出就西宮。 帝與太后垂涕而別，遂乘王車，從太極殿南出，群臣送者數十人，司馬孚悲不自勝，餘多流涕。
Zhao led his troops into the capital; Grand General Shi then plotted to depose the emperor. On the day jiaxu, Shi summoned the ministers by the empress dowager's order, declaring the emperor dissolute beyond measure, intimate with actors and jesters, unfit to hold the throne; none of the ministers dared object. They memorialized to seize the imperial seal and ribbon and reduce him to Prince of Qi. He sent Guo Zhi to inform the empress dowager; she was sitting opposite the emperor; Zhi told the emperor, "The Grand General wishes to depose you and install Prince Ju of Pengcheng!" The emperor rose and withdrew. The empress dowager was displeased. Zhi said, "You had a son yet could not instruct him; the Grand General's mind is made up and troops are mustered outside against any surprise—you must obey; what more is there to say!" The empress dowager said, "I wish to see the Grand General; I have something to say." Zhi said, "That is impossible! You must quickly surrender the seal and ribbon!" The empress dowager's will broke; she sent an attendant to fetch the seal and ribbon and place them beside her. Zhi reported to Shi, who was greatly pleased. He sent envoys to give the emperor the seal and ribbon of Prince of Qi and send him to the western palace. The emperor and empress dowager parted in tears; he rode the prince's carriage out south from the Hall of Supreme Ultimate; several dozen ministers saw him off—Sima Fu was overcome with grief, most others weeping.
41
師又使使者請璽綬於太后。 太后曰：「彭城王，我之季叔也，今來立，我當何之！ 且明皇帝當永絕嗣乎？ 高貴鄉公，文皇帝之長孫，明皇帝之弟子。 於禮，小宗有後大宗之義，其詳議之。」 丁丑，師更召群臣，以太后令示之，乃定迎高貴鄉公髦於元城。 髦者，東海定王霖之子也，時年十四，使太常王肅持節迎之。 師又使請璽綬，太后曰：「我見高貴鄉公，小時識之，我自欲以璽綬手授之。」 冬，十月，己丑，高貴鄉公至玄武館，群臣奏請捨前殿，公以先帝舊處，避止西廂； 群臣又請以法駕迎，公不聽。 庚寅，公入於洛陽，群臣迎拜西掖門南，公下輿答拜，儐者請曰：「儀不拜。」 公曰：「吾人臣也。」 遂答拜。 至止車門下輿，左右曰：「舊乘輿入。」 公曰：「吾被皇太后征，未知所為。」 遂步至太極東堂，見太后。 其日，即皇帝位於太極前殿，百僚陪位者皆欣欣焉。 大赦，改元。 為齊王築宮於河內。
Shi again sent envoys to request the seal and ribbon from the empress dowager. The empress dowager said, "Prince Ju of Pengcheng is my husband's youngest uncle; if he is installed, where am I to go! And is Emperor Ming to be cut off forever from heirs? The Duke of Gaoguixiang is Emperor Wen's eldest grandson and Emperor Ming's nephew. By ritual law the lesser line may continue the greater—let this be deliberated in full." On the day dingchou, Shi summoned the ministers again, showed them the empress dowager's order, and decided to welcome the Duke of Gaoguixiang, Mao, from Yuancheng. Mao was the son of Prince Lin of Donghai; he was fourteen; Grand Commandant of Ceremonies Wang Su was sent with staff of authority to welcome him. Shi again requested the seal and ribbon; the empress dowager said, "I knew the Duke of Gaoguixiang as a child; I wish to hand him the seal and ribbon myself." In winter, the tenth month, on the day jichou, the Duke of Gaoguixiang arrived at the Xuanwu Lodge; the ministers asked him to occupy the front hall; he declined, as it was the late emperor's former quarters, and stayed in the western wing; the ministers again asked to welcome him with the imperial carriage; he refused. On the day gengyin he entered Luoyang; the ministers welcomed him south of the western side gate; he descended and returned their bows; the usher said, "By ritual you need not bow." He said, "I am a subject." He bowed in return. At the Gate of Halting the Carriage he descended; attendants said, "By old custom you enter in the imperial carriage." He said, "I have been summoned by the empress dowager and do not yet know my role." He walked to the eastern hall of the Supreme Ultimate and met the empress dowager. That same day he took the throne in the front hall of the Supreme Ultimate; the officials in attendance were all joyful. A general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed. A palace was built for the Prince of Qi in Henei.
42
漢姜維自鍬道進拔河間、臨洮。 將軍徐質與戰，殺其蕩寇將軍張嶷，漢兵乃還。
Jiang Wei of Shu advanced from Qiaodao and captured Hejian and Lintao. General Xu Zhi fought him and killed his General Who Quells Bandits Zhang Ni; the Shu army then withdrew.
43
初，揚州刺史文欽，驍果絕人，曹爽以鄉里故愛之。 欽恃爽勢，多所陵傲。 及爽誅，欽已內懼，又好增虜級以邀功賞，司馬師常抑之，由是怨望。 鎮東將軍毌丘儉素與夏侯玄、李豐善，玄等死，儉亦不自安，乃以計厚待欽。 儉子治書侍御史甸謂儉曰：「大人居方岳重任，國家傾覆而晏然自守，將受四海之責矣！」 儉然之。
Earlier Wen Qin, Inspector of Yangzhou, was a warrior of exceptional ferocity; Cao Shuang favored him as a fellow townsman. Qin relied on Shuang's power and bullied many men. When Shuang was executed Qin grew fearful inwardly; he also inflated enemy kill counts to win rewards; Sima Shi often curbed him, and resentment grew. General Who Guards the East Guanqiu Jian had long been close to Xiahou Xuan and Li Feng; when they died Jian too felt insecure and deliberately treated Qin generously. Jian's son Xun, Supervising Secretary Attendant, told him, "Father, you hold a frontier commander's heavy responsibility; the state is in crisis yet you hold aloof—you will bear the blame of all under Heaven!" Jian agreed.
44
邵陵厲公下正元二年（ 乙亥，公元二五五年）
Under the Deposed Duke of Shaoling, second year of Zhengyuan ( the year yihai, AD 255)
45
春，正月，儉、欽矯太后詔，起兵於壽春，移檄州郡，以討司馬師。 又表言：「相國懿忠正，有大勳於社稷，宜宥及後世，請廢師，以侯就第，以弟昭代之。 太尉孚忠孝小心，護軍望，忠公親事，皆宜親寵，授以要任。」 望，孚之子也。 儉又遣使邀鎮南將軍諸葛誕，誕斬其使。 儉、欽將五六萬眾渡淮，西至項； 儉堅守，使欽在外為遊兵。
In spring, the first month, Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin forged an edict in the Empress Dowager's name, raised an army at Shouchun, and sent proclamations to the provinces and commanderies denouncing Sima Shi. They also submitted a memorial: "Chancellor Sima Yi was loyal and upright and rendered great service to the state; his merit should shield his descendants. We ask that Sima Shi be removed from office, retire to his marquisate as a noble, and be replaced by his younger brother Sima Zhao. Grand Commandant Sima Fu is dutiful, loyal, and careful; Protector of the Army Guo Wang; Palace Attendant Zhong Yao—all should be brought close, honored, and given posts of critical importance." Wang was Sima Fu's son. Guanqiu Jian sent envoys to win over General Who Guards the South Zhuge Dan, but Dan executed them. Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin crossed the Huai with fifty or sixty thousand troops and marched west to Xiang; Guanqiu Jian held the line while assigning Wen Qin to operate as mobile skirmishers outside.
46
司馬師問計於河南尹王肅，肅曰：「昔關羽虜于禁於漢濱，有北向爭天下之志，後孫權襲取其將士家屬，羽士眾一旦瓦解。 今淮南將士父母妻子皆在內州，但急往御衛，使不得前，必有關羽土崩之勢矣。」 時師新割目瘤，創甚，或以為大將軍不宜自行，不如遣太尉孚拒之。 唯王肅與尚書傅嘏、中書侍郎鐘會勸師自行，師疑未決。 嘏曰：「淮、楚兵勁，而儉等負力遠鬥，其鋒未易當也。 若諸將戰有利鈍，大勢一失，則公事敗矣。」 師蹶然起曰：「我請輿疾而東。」 戊午，師率中外諸軍以討儉、欽，以弟昭兼中領軍，留鎮洛陽，召三方兵會於陳、許。
Sima Shi sought advice from Intendant of Henan Wang Su. Wang Su said, "When Guan Yu once captured Yu Jin on the Han River and turned north with ambitions to dominate the realm, Sun Quan raided and took the families of his troops—and Guan Yu's army collapsed overnight. Today the Huainan troops' parents, wives, and children are all in the interior. If you rush to protect the homeland and block them from advancing north, you'll get the same chain-reaction collapse Guan Yu's army suffered." Sima Shi had just had an eye tumor removed; the wound was grave. Some argued the Grand General should not take the field in person and that Grand Commandant Sima Fu should be sent to hold the rebels instead. Only Wang Su, Master of Writing Fu Gu, and Secretariat Attendant Zhong Hui urged Sima Shi to lead the campaign himself; still, he wavered and could not decide. Fu Gu said, "The Huai and Chu troops are formidable, and men like Guanqiu Jian are staking everything on a distant fight—their momentum won't be easy to stop. If the field commanders win some engagements and lose others, one slip in the overall situation will ruin everything." Sima Shi leapt up and declared, "I'll go east by litter if I must." On wu-wu, Sima Shi marched with all imperial forces against Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin. He left his brother Sima Zhao as acting Central Camp Commander to hold Luoyang and called up armies from three directions to concentrate at Chen and Xu.
47
師問計於光祿勳鄭袤，袤曰：「毌丘儉好謀而不達事情，文欽勇而無算。 今大軍出其不意，江、淮之卒，銳而不能固，宜深溝高壘以挫其氣，此亞夫之長策也。」 師稱善。
Sima Shi consulted Household Minister Zheng Mao, who said, "Guanqiu Jian loves scheming but doesn't understand the real situation; Wen Qin is brave but reckless. A sudden strike by your main force will catch them off guard. Yangtze–Huai troops fight hard but won't hold. Dig deep trenches, raise high walls, and break their spirit—that's Zhou Yafu's sure method." Sima Shi approved the plan.
48
師以荊州刺史王基為行監軍，假節，統許昌軍。 基言於師曰：「淮南之逆，非吏民思亂也，儉等誑誘迫脅，畏目下之戮，是以尚屯聚耳。 若大兵一臨，必土崩瓦解，儉、欽之首不終朝而致於軍門矣。」 師從之。 以基為前軍，既而復敕基停駐。 基以為：「儉等舉軍足以深入，而久不進者，是其詐偽已露，眾心疑沮也。 今不張示威形以副民望，而停軍高壘，有似畏懦，非用兵之勢也。 若儉、欽虜略民人以自益，又州郡兵家為賊所得者，更懷離心，儉等所迫脅者，自顧罪重，不敢復還，此為錯兵無用之地而成奸宄之源，吳寇因之，則淮南非國家之有，譙、沛、汝、豫危而不安，此計之大失也。 軍宜速進據南頓，南頓有大邸閣，計足軍人四十日糧。 保堅城，因積穀，先人有奪人之心，此平賊之要也。」 基屢請，乃聽，進據水隱水。
Sima Shi made Inspector of Jing Wang Ji acting army overseer with plenipotentiary staff, commanding the Xuchang forces. Wang Ji told Sima Shi, "The Huainan revolt isn't popular unrest. Guanqiu Jian and his allies lied, enticed, and coerced people who now fear immediate punishment—that's why they're still gathered. Once your main army appears, they'll crumble. Guanqiu Jian's and Wen Qin's heads will be at your gate before noon." Sima Shi agreed. Wang Ji was placed at the head of the army, but soon Sima Shi ordered him to halt. Wang Ji argued, "Guanqiu Jian raised an army strong enough to push deep inland, yet they've stalled for days. Their bluff is showing and morale is cracking. If we don't show decisive strength to meet public expectations and instead sit behind high walls, we'll look timid—that's no way to fight a war. If Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin loot civilians for their own gain, and families of soldiers captured across the region turn against us, the coerced troops—knowing they'll face heavy punishment—won't dare come back. We'd be wasting armies in the wrong places and breeding new unrest. Wu could exploit the chaos, Huainan would slip from imperial control, and Qiao, Pei, Ru, and Yu would all be at risk. That would be a catastrophic mistake. The army should push quickly to seize Nandun. Its great depot holds enough grain for forty days. Secure a strong city, stockpile grain, and seize the initiative—that's how you break the rebels." After repeated pleas from Wang Ji, Sima Shi relented, and the army advanced to occupy Shuiyin.
49
閏月，甲申，師次於水隱橋，儉將史招、李續相次來降。 王基復言於師曰：「兵聞拙速，未睹巧之久也。 方今外有強寇，內有叛臣，若不時決，則事之深淺未可測也。 議者多言將軍持重。 將軍持重，是也； 停軍不進，非也。 持重，非不得之謂也，進而不可犯耳。 今保壁壘以積實資虜而遠運軍糧，甚非計也。」 師猶未許。 基曰：「將在軍，君令有所不受。 彼得則利，我得亦利，是謂爭地，南頓是也。」 遂輒進據南頓，儉等從項亦欲往爭，發十餘里，聞基先到，乃復還保項。
In the intercalary month, on jia-shen, Sima Shi camped at Shuiyin Bridge. Guanqiu Jian's officers Shi Zhao and Li Xu surrendered in succession. Wang Ji again told Sima Shi, "In war, clumsy haste is praised; prolonged cleverness is never seen. Right now there are powerful enemies abroad and rebel ministers within. If we don't settle this quickly, no one can say how far the damage will spread. Many in council say the General should act with deliberation. Deliberation is right; but halting the army and refusing to advance is wrong. The term "deliberation" doesn't mean standing still—it means advancing in a way no one can withstand. Sitting behind walls while stockpiles feed the enemy and grain must be hauled from afar is a terrible plan." Sima Shi still would not agree. Wang Ji said, "A general in the field may disregard his lord's orders. If they take it, they gain; if we take it, we gain. That is contended ground—and Nandun is exactly that." He then advanced on his own authority and seized Nandun. Guanqiu Jian and his allies, marching from Xiang to contest the same ground, had gone little more than ten li when they learned Wang Ji had arrived first; they turned back and held Xiang.
50
癸未，征西將軍郭淮卒，以雍州刺史陳泰代之。
On gui-wei, General Who Conquers the West Guo Huai died, and Inspector of Yong Chen Tai was appointed in his place.
51
吳丞相峻率驃騎將軍呂據、左將軍會稽留贊襲壽春，司馬師命諸軍皆深壁高壘，以待東軍之集。 諸將請進軍攻項，師曰：「諸軍得其一，未知其二。 淮南將士本無反志，儉、欽說誘與之舉事，謂遠近必應； 而事起之日，淮北不從，史招、李繼前後瓦解，內乖外叛，自知必敗。 困獸思鬥，速戰更合其志。 雖雲必克，傷人亦多。 且儉等欺誑將士，詭變萬端，小與持久，詐情自露，此不戰而克之術也。」 乃遣諸葛誕督豫州諸軍，自安風向壽春； 征東將軍胡遵督青、徐諸軍出譙、宋之間，絕其歸路； 師屯汝陽。 毌丘儉、文欽進不得鬥，退恐壽春見襲，計窮不知所為。 淮南將士家皆在北，眾心沮散，降者相屬，惟淮南新附農民為之用。
Wu Chancellor Sun Jun led Flying Cavalry General Lü Ju and General of the Left Liu Zan of Kuaiji in a raid on Shouchun. Sima Shi ordered every army to dig deep trenches and raise high walls while waiting for the eastern forces to concentrate. The generals asked to advance and attack Xiang. Sima Shi said, "You have grasped one point but not the second. The Huainan troops never wanted rebellion in the first place. Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin talked them into rising, promising that allies near and far would answer; yet when the revolt began, Huai-bei did not join them. Shi Zhao and Li Ji defected one after another. Discord spread within and loyalty failed without—they knew they were doomed. Cornered beasts fight hardest—a quick battle is exactly what they want. We might win, but at heavy cost. Besides, Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin have deceived their troops with endless ruses. Hold them a little longer and their lies will unravel—that is how you win without fighting." He then sent Zhuge Dan to command the armies of Yu Province, marching from Anfeng toward Shouchun; General Who Conquers the East Hu Zun to command the armies of Qing and Xu, issuing from between Qiao and Song to cut off their retreat; Sima Shi encamped at Ruyang. Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin could neither advance to fight nor retreat without fearing an attack on Shouchun. Their options exhausted, they did not know what to do. The Huainan troops' families were all in the north. Morale collapsed and surrenders came in waves—only newly settled Huainan peasants still fought for them.
52
儉之初起，遣健步繼書至兗州，兗州刺史鄧艾斬之，將兵萬餘人，兼道前進，先趨樂嘉城，作浮橋以待師。 儉使文欽將兵襲之。 師自汝陽潛兵就艾於樂嘉，欽猝見大軍，驚愕未知所為。 欽子鴦，年十八，勇力絕人，謂欽曰：「及其未定，擊之，可破也。」 於是分為二隊，夜夾攻軍。 鴦率壯士先至鼓噪，軍中震擾。 師驚駭。 所病目突出，恐眾知之，嚙被皆破。 欽失期不應，會明，鴦見兵盛，乃引還。 師謂諸將曰：「賊走矣，可追之！」 諸將曰：「欽父子驍猛，未有所屈，何苦而走？」 師曰：「夫一鼓作氣，再而衰。 鴦鼓噪失應，其勢已屈，不走何待！」 欽將引而東，鴦曰：「不先折其勢，不得也。」 乃與驍騎十餘摧鋒陷陳，所向皆披靡，遂引去。 師使左長史司馬班率驍將八千翼而追之，鴦以匹馬入數千騎中，輒殺傷百餘人，乃出，如此者六七，追騎莫敢逼。
When Guanqiu Jian first rose, he sent runners in relays with messages to Yan Province. Inspector of Yan Deng Ai executed them, then led more than ten thousand men by forced marches to Lecheng, where he built a pontoon bridge to await Sima Shi. Guanqiu Jian sent Wen Qin with troops to attack them. Sima Shi secretly marched from Ruyang to join Deng Ai at Lecheng. Wen Qin was stunned to see the main army appear and did not know what to do. Wen Qin's son Wen Yang, eighteen years old and possessed of extraordinary courage and strength, said to his father, "Strike before they settle—we can break them." They split into two columns and attacked the imperial army from both sides that night. Wen Yang led the picked warriors in first, drumming and shouting. The imperial camp was thrown into chaos. Sima Shi was terrified. The diseased eye bulged from its socket. Fearing the troops would see, he bit through his bedding to stifle any cry. Wen Qin failed to arrive on schedule. At dawn Wen Yang saw how strong the imperial forces were and withdrew. Sima Shi told his generals, "The rebels are fleeing—we can pursue them!" The generals said, "The Wen father and son are ferocious—they haven't been beaten yet. Why would they run for no reason?" Sima Shi said, "At the first drum, spirits rise; at the second, they fade. Wen Yang drummed and shouted but got no answer—their momentum is spent. Of course they ran!" Wen Qin was about to march east when Wen Yang said, "Unless we break their momentum first, we won't get away." He then took a dozen picked horsemen, smashed the van, broke the line, routed everything in his path, and withdrew. Sima Shi sent Left Chief Clerk Sima Ban with eight thousand crack officers in flanking pursuit. Wen Yang, alone on horseback, plunged into thousands of enemy cavalry, killing or wounding more than a hundred each time before breaking out—six or seven times in all—and the pursuers did not dare close on him.
53
殿中人尹大目小為曹氏家奴，常在天子左右，師將與俱行，大目知師一目已出，啟云：「文欽本是明公腹心，但為人所誤耳； 又天子鄉里，素與大目相信，乞為公追解語之，令還與公復好。」 師許之。 大目單身乘大馬，被鎧冑，追欽，遙相與語。 大目心實欲為曹氏，謬言：「君侯何苦不可復忍數日中也！」 欲使欽解其旨。 欽殊不悟，乃更厲聲罵大目曰：「汝先帝家人，不念報恩，反與司馬師作逆，不顧上天，天不祐汝！」 張弓傅矢欲射大目。 大目涕泣曰：「世事敗矣，善自努力！」
Palace Attendant Yin Damu had once been a household slave of the Cao clan and was often at the emperor's side. Sima Shi was about to take him along. Damu knew one of Shi's eyes had bulged out and petitioned: "Wen Qin was once Your Excellency's trusted confidant—others merely misled him; moreover, as a fellow townsman of the imperial house, he has long trusted me. I beg leave to ride after him and mediate, so he may return and renew his bond with Your Excellency." Sima Shi agreed. Yin Damu rode out alone on a great horse, armored, pursued Wen Qin, and spoke with him from a distance. In his heart Yin Damu truly wished to serve the house of Cao and spoke deceptively: "My lord, why endure such hardship? In a few days you won't be able to bear it!" He meant for Wen Qin to grasp his meaning. Wen Qin did not understand at all. Instead he shouted and reviled Yin Damu all the louder: "You are kin to the late Emperor—you forget your debt of gratitude and join Sima Shi in rebellion, heedless of Heaven. Heaven will not protect you!" He drew his bow, nocked an arrow, and tried to shoot Yin Damu. Yin Damu wept and said, "The cause is lost—fare well and do your best!"
54
是日，毌丘儉聞欽退，恐懼，夜走，眾遂大潰。 欽還至項，以孤軍無繼，不能自立，欲還壽春； 壽春已潰，遂奔吳。 吳孫峻至東興，聞儉等敗，壬寅，進至橐皋，文欽父子詣軍降。 毌丘儉走，比至慎縣，左右人兵稍棄儉去，儉藏水邊草中。 甲辰，安風津民張屬就殺儉，傳首京師，封屬為侯。 諸葛誕至壽春，壽春城中十餘萬口，懼誅，或流迸山澤，或散走入吳。 詔以誕為鎮東大將軍、儀同三司，都督揚州諸軍事。 夷毌丘儉三族。 儉黨七百餘人繫獄，侍御史杜友治之，惟誅首事者十餘人，餘皆奏免之。 儉孫女適劉氏，當死，以孕系廷尉。 司隸主簿程鹹議曰：「女適人者，若已產育，則成他家之母，於防則不足懲奸亂之源，於情則傷孝子之恩。 男不遇罪於他族，而女獨嬰戮於二門，非所以哀矜女弱、均法制之大分也。 臣以為在室之女，可從父母之刑； 既醮之婦，使從夫家之戮。」 朝廷從之，仍著於律令。
That day, when Guanqiu Jian learned Wen Qin had withdrawn, he panicked and fled by night. The army then collapsed entirely. Wen Qin returned to Xiang. As an isolated force without reinforcements, he could not hold his ground and wanted to return to Shouchun; Shouchun had already fallen, so he fled to Wu. Sun Jun of Wu reached Dongxing. Hearing that Guanqiu Jian and his allies had been defeated, on ren-yin he advanced to Tuogao, where Wen Qin and his son came to the army and surrendered. Guanqiu Jian fled. By the time he reached Shen county, his followers had gradually abandoned him. He hid in the grass beside the water. On jia-chen, Zhang Shu of Anfeng Ford tracked down and killed Guanqiu Jian, sent the head to the capital, and was enfeoffed as a marquis. When Zhuge Dan reached Shouchun, the city's population of more than a hundred thousand, fearing execution, either fled into the hills and marshes or scattered into Wu territory. An edict appointed Zhuge Dan General Who Guards the East with Protocol Equal to the Three Ducal Ministers, with overall command of military affairs in Yang Province. The three clans of Guanqiu Jian were exterminated to the third degree. More than seven hundred of Guanqiu Jian's followers were imprisoned. Attendant Censor Du You handled the case, executing only the dozen or so ringleaders and memorializing to pardon the rest. Guanqiu Jian's granddaughter, married into the Liu family, was sentenced to death but, being pregnant, was held at the Minister of Justice. Chief Clerk of the Metropolitan Commandery Cheng Xian submitted a proposal: "When a woman has married out and already borne children, she becomes a mother in another household. Executing her neither deters the roots of treason nor honors the claims of filial duty. A man is not punished through another clan, yet a woman alone may be executed and harm two families—this is neither merciful toward women nor consistent with the great divisions of law. I hold that an unmarried daughter may share her parents' punishment; but a woman already wedded should follow her husband's family's punishment." The court accepted the proposal and incorporated it into the statutes and ordinances.
55
舞陽忠武侯司馬師疾篤，還許昌，留中郎將參軍事賈充監諸軍事。 充，逵之子也。
Sima Shi, Loyal and Martial Marquis of Wuyang, fell gravely ill. He returned to Xuchang and left Gentleman of the Palace Jia Chong to oversee military affairs. Jia Chong was the son of Jia Kui.
56
衛將軍昭自洛陽往省師，師令昭總統諸軍。 辛亥，師卒於許昌。 中書侍郎鐘會從師典知密事，中詔敕尚書傅嘏，以東南新定，權留衛將軍昭屯許昌為內外之援，令嘏率諸軍還。 會與嘏謀，使嘏表上，輒與昭俱發，還到洛水南屯住。 二月，丁巳，詔以司馬昭為大將軍、錄尚書事。 會由是常有自矜之色，嘏戒之曰：「子志大其量，而勳業難為也，可不慎哉！」
General of the Guard Sima Zhao came from Luoyang to visit his brother. Sima Shi ordered Sima Zhao to take overall command of the armies. On xin-hai, Sima Shi died at Xuchang. Palace Attendant Zhong Hui had accompanied the army and managed confidential affairs. An imperial order reached Master of Writing Fu Gu: with the southeast newly pacified, Guard General Sima Zhao was to remain at Xuchang as a reserve for forces at home and abroad, while Gu led the main armies back. Hui and Gu conspired: Gu would submit the memorial, then both would set out with Zhao and encamp south of the Luo River on the return march. In the second month, on ding-si, an edict made Sima Zhao Grand General and put him in charge of recording the affairs of the Masters of Writing. From then on Hui often wore a self-satisfied air. Fu Gu warned him: "Your ambitions outrun your measure, and such deeds are hard to bring off—take care!"
57
吳孫峻聞諸葛誕已據壽春，乃引兵還。 以文欽為都護、鎮北大將軍、幽州牧。
In Wu, Sun Jun heard that Zhuge Dan had already taken Shouchun and withdrew his army. Wen Qin was made Chief Controller, Grand General Who Guards the North, and Governor of You Province.
58
三月，立皇后卞氏，大赦。 後，武宣皇后弟秉之曾孫女也。
In the third month, Lady Bian was enthroned as empress and a general amnesty was proclaimed. The new empress was a great-great-granddaughter of Bin, younger brother of Empress Wu-Xuan.
59
秋，七月，吳將軍孫儀、張怡、林恂謀殺孫峻，不克，死者數十人。 全公主譖朱公主於峻，曰「與儀同謀」。 峻遂殺朱公主。
In autumn, the seventh month, the Wu generals Sun Yi, Zhang Yi, and Lin Xun plotted to assassinate Sun Jun. The attempt failed, and several dozen men were killed. “Princess Quan denounced Princess Zhu to Sun Jun, claiming she had conspired with Sun Yi.” Sun Jun then had Princess Zhu executed.
60
峻使衛尉馮朝城廣陵，功費甚眾，舉朝莫敢言，唯滕胤諫止之，峻不從，功卒不成。
Sun Jun ordered Minister of the Guard Feng Chao to fortify Guangling. The project consumed vast labor and expense, and no one in court dared object—only Teng Yin remonstrated and tried to halt it. Jun refused to listen, and the work was never finished.
61
漢姜維復議出軍，征西大將軍張翼廷爭，以為：「國小民勞，不宜黷武。」 維不聽，率車騎將軍夏侯霸及翼同進。 八月，維將數萬人至枹罕，趨狄道。
In Shu-Han, Jiang Wei again urged a campaign. Campaign-West Grand General Zhang Yi disputed him in open court, arguing: "The state is small and the people are exhausted—we should not wear them out with repeated warfare." Wei would not listen. He led General of Chariots and Cavalry Xiahou Ba and Zhang Yi forward together. In the eighth month, Jiang Wei led tens of thousands of men to Fuhan and pressed toward Didao.
62
征西將軍陳泰敕雍州刺史王經進屯狄道，須泰軍到，東西合勢乃進。 泰軍陳倉，經所統諸軍於故關與漢人戰不利，經輒渡洮水。 泰以經不堅據狄道，必有他變，率諸軍以繼之。 經已與維戰於洮西，大敗，以萬餘人還保狄道城，餘皆奔散，死者萬計。 張翼謂維曰：「可以止矣，不宜復進，進或毀此大功，為蛇畫足。」 維大怒，遂進圍狄道。
Campaign-West General Chen Tai ordered Yong Province Inspector Wang Jing to advance and hold Didao, and not to move until Tai's own army arrived and their forces could unite east and west. Chen Tai's army was at Chencang. The troops under Wang Jing fought the Han forces at Gu Pass with poor results, and Jing at once crossed the Tao River. Chen Tai judged that Jing's failure to hold Didao firmly meant something had gone wrong, and led all his forces after him. Jing had already fought Jiang Wei west of the Tao and been routed. He returned with a little more than ten thousand men to hold Didao city while the rest fled in every direction; the dead were counted in the tens of thousands. Zhang Yi told Jiang Wei: "You can stop here. You should not press on—going farther may spoil this great victory, like adding feet to a snake." Jiang Wei flew into a rage and pressed on to besiege Didao.
63
辛未，詔長水校尉鄧艾行安西將軍，與陳泰並力拒維； 戊辰，復以太尉孚為後繼。 泰進軍隴西，諸將皆曰：「王經新敗，賊眾大盛，將軍以烏合之卒，繼敗軍之後，當乘勝之鋒，殆必不可。 古人有言：『蝮蛇螫手，壯士解腕。』 《孫子》曰：『兵有所不擊，地有所不守。』 蓋小有所失而大有所全故也。 不如據險自保，觀釁待敝，然後進救，此計之得者也。」 泰曰：「姜維提輕兵深入，正欲與我爭鋒原野，求一戰之利。 王經當高壁深壘，挫其銳氣，今乃與戰，使賊得計。 經既破走，維若以戰克之威，進兵東向，據櫟陽積穀之實，放兵收降，招納羌、胡，東爭關、隴，傳檄四郡，此我之所惡也。 而乃以乘勝之兵，挫峻城之下，銳氣之卒，屈力致命，攻守勢殊，客主不同。 兵書曰：『修櫓轒轀，三月乃成，拒堙三月而後已。』 誠非輕軍遠入之利也。 今維孤軍遠僑，糧谷不繼，是我速進破賊之時，所謂疾雷不及掩耳，自然之勢也。 洮水帶其表，維等在其內，今乘高據勢，臨其項領，不戰必走。 寇不可縱，圍不可久，君等何言如是！」 遂進軍度高城嶺，潛行，夜至狄道東南高山上，多舉烽火，鳴鼓角。 狄道城中將士見救至，皆憤踴。 維不意救兵卒至，緣山急來攻之，泰與交戰，維退。 泰引兵揚言欲向其還路，維懼，九月，甲辰，維遁走，城中將士乃得出。 王經歎曰：「糧不至旬，向非救兵速至，舉城屠裂，覆喪一州矣！」 泰慰勞將士，前後遣還，更差軍守，並治城壘，還屯上邽。
On xin-wei, an edict ordered Colonel of the Changshui Deng Ai to serve as acting Pacifier of the West and join Chen Tai in resisting Jiang Wei with all their strength; On wu-chen, Grand Commandant Sima Fu was again assigned as rear support. Chen Tai marched into Longxi. His generals all said: "Wang Jing has just been beaten, and the enemy is at full strength. You would lead a hastily gathered force in the wake of a routed army straight into the point of their victory—surely that cannot succeed. The ancients said: "When a viper bites the hand, the resolute man severs his wrist." Sunzi says: "There are enemies one does not attack and ground one does not defend." That is because one accepts a small loss in order to preserve the whole. Better to hold the defensible ground, watch for an opening and wait until they tire, then move to relieve the city—that is the sound plan." Chen Tai replied: "Jiang Wei has led light troops deep into our territory because he wants to meet us in the open and win one decisive battle. Wang Jing should have raised high walls and deep ramparts to break their momentum. Instead he gave battle and let the enemy have his way. Now that Jing is broken and in flight, if Jiang Wei uses the prestige of victory to march east, seize the grain stored at Liyang, send his troops out to accept surrenders, win over the Qiang and Hu, contest Guan and Long, and issue proclamations across the four commanderies—that is what we most dread. Yet instead he uses his victorious army to batter a fortified city, forcing troops at the peak of their fighting spirit to spend their strength in a grim siege. The conditions of attack and defense differ, and the besieger and the besieged are not equals. The military texts say: "Building siege towers and battering rams takes three months; filling in moats takes three months more." That is no advantage for a lightly equipped army operating far from home. Now Jiang Wei is isolated far from home with his grain cut off. This is the moment for us to strike quickly and break the enemy—the thunder that outruns the hand clapped over the ears, the natural turn of events. The Tao River lies across their front and Jiang Wei is penned within it. If we seize the high ground and press on their necks, they will flee without a fight. Bandits must not be indulged, and a siege must not be drawn out—how can you counsel otherwise!" He marched over Gaocheng Ridge by concealed routes and by night reached the heights southeast of Didao, where he lit many beacon fires and sounded drums and horns. When the officers and soldiers in Didao saw relief arrive, they leaped up with renewed fighting spirit. Jiang Wei had not expected relief to arrive so suddenly. He hurried along the mountains to attack, but Chen Tai met him in battle and Wei withdrew. Chen Tai marched his troops while proclaiming that he would cut off the enemy's retreat. Jiang Wei grew afraid; in the ninth month, on jia-chen, he fled, and only then could the city's defenders come out. Wang Jing sighed and said: "Our grain would not have lasted ten days. Had relief not come so quickly, the whole city would have been slaughtered and an entire province lost!" Chen Tai comforted and rewarded the troops, sent them back in stages, reassigned garrisons, repaired the fortifications, and returned to encamp at Shanggui.
64
泰每以一方有事，輒以虛聲擾動天下，故希簡上事，驛書不過六百里。 大將軍昭曰：「陳征西沉勇能斷，荷方伯之重，救將陷之城，而不求益兵，又希簡上事，必能辦賊故也。 都督大將不當爾邪！」
Chen Tai knew that trouble in one region often set the whole empire astir with exaggerated reports, so he kept his memorials brief and his courier dispatches never traveled more than six hundred li. Grand General Sima Zhao said: "Campaign-West Chen is steady, brave, and decisive. Bearing the weight of a frontier command, he rescued a city on the brink of fall without asking for reinforcements and kept his reports brief—he must have known he could handle the enemy. Should not a commanding grand general be exactly such a man!"
65
姜維退駐鐘提。
Jiang Wei withdrew and encamped at Zhongti.
66
初，吳大帝不立太廟，以武烈嘗為長沙太守，立廟於臨湘，使太守奉祠而已。 冬，十二月，始作太廟於建業，尊大帝為太祖。
Earlier, the Grand Emperor of Wu had not established an imperial ancestral temple. Because Martial Splendor had once served as governor of Changsha, a shrine was built at Linxiang and the governor performed the rites—that was all. In winter, the twelfth month, an imperial ancestral temple was at last built at Jianye, and the Grand Emperor was honored as High Ancestor.