1
資治通鑑第079巻
Comprehensive Mirror to Aid in Government, Volume 79
2
【晉紀一】起旃蒙作噩，盡玄黓執徐，凡八年。
[Records of Jin, Number One] Spanning from the cyclical year Zhanmeng Zuoe through Xuanyi Zhixu—eight years in all.
3
春，三月，呉主使光祿大夫紀陟、五官中郎將洪璆與徐紹、孫彧偕來報聘。 紹行至濡須，有言紹譽中國之美者，呉主怒，追還，殺之。
In spring, in the third month, the Wu ruler dispatched Ji Shi as Grandee of Splendid Happiness and Hong Qiu as Palace Attendant of the Five Offices, who traveled with Xu Shao and Sun Yu to repay a court visit. When Shao reached Ruxu, word reached the Wu ruler that he had been extolling the Central States; enraged, the ruler had him recalled and executed.
4
夏，四月，呉改元甘露。
In summer, in the fourth month, Wu adopted Ganlu as its new reign title.
5
五月，魏帝加文王殊禮，進王妃曰-{后}-，世子曰太子。
In the fifth month, the Wei emperor granted King Wen of Jin extraordinary ceremonial honors, elevated his consort to queen, and named his heir crown prince.
6
癸未，大赦。
On guiwei, the court declared a general amnesty.
7
秋，七月，呉主逼殺景皇-{后}-，遷景帝四子-{於}-呉； 尋又殺其長者二人。
In autumn, in the seventh month, the Wu ruler forced the Jing empress to her death and sent Emperor Jing's four sons into exile in Wu territory. Before long he had the two eldest put to death as well.
8
八月，辛卯，文王卒，太子嗣爲相國、晉王。
In the eighth month, on xinmao, King Wen died, and his crown prince succeeded him as Chancellor of State and King of Jin.
9
九月，乙未，大赦。
In the ninth month, on yiwei, the court declared a general amnesty.
10
戊子，以魏司徒何曾爲晉丞相； 癸亥，以驃騎將軍司馬望爲司徒。
On wuzi, He Zeng, formerly Wei Minister over the Masses, was made Chancellor of Jin. On guihai, Rapid Cavalry General Sima Wang was named Minister over the Masses.
11
乙亥，葬文王-{於}-崇陽陵。
On yihai, King Wen was interred at Chongyang Mausoleum.
12
冬，呉西陵督歩闡表請呉主徙都武昌； 呉主從之，使-{御}-史大夫丁固、右將軍諸葛靚守建業。 闡，騭之子也。
In winter, Bu Chan, Wu's superintendent of Xiling, petitioned the ruler to transfer the capital to Wuchang. The Wu ruler agreed and left Imperial Counselor Ding Gu and Right General Zhuge Jing to hold Jianye. Bu Chan was a son of Bu Zhi.
13
十二月，壬戌，魏帝禪位-{於}-晉； 甲子，出-{捨}--{於}-金墉城。 太傅司馬孚拜辭，執帝手，流涕歔欷不自勝，曰：「臣死之日，固大魏之純臣也。」 丙寅，王卽皇帝位，大赦，改元。 丁卯，奉魏帝爲陳留王，卽宮-{於}-鄴； 優崇之禮，皆仿魏初故事。 魏氏諸王皆降爲候。 追尊宣王爲宣皇帝，景王爲景皇帝，文王爲文皇帝。 尊王太-{后}-曰皇太-{后}-。 封皇叔祖父孚爲安平王，叔父-{干}-爲平原王、亮爲扶風王、胄爲東莞王、駿爲汝陰王、肜爲梁王、倫爲琅邪王，弟攸爲齊王、-{鑒}-爲樂安王、機爲燕王，又封群從司徒望等十七人皆爲王。 以石苞爲大司馬，鄭-{沖}-爲太傅，王祥爲太保，何曾爲太尉，賈充爲車騎將軍，王沈爲驃騎將軍。 其-{餘}-文武增位進爵有差。 乙亥，以安平王孚爲太宰，都督中外諸軍事。 未-{幾}-，又以車騎將軍陳騫爲大將軍，與司徒義陽王望、司空荀顗，凡八公，同時-{並}-置。 帝懲魏氏孤立之敝，故大封宗室，授以職任，又招諸王皆得自選國中長吏； 衞將軍齊王攸獨不敢，皆令上請。
In the twelfth month, on renxu, the Wei emperor ceded the throne to Jin. On jiazi, he left the palace and withdrew to Jinfeng City. Grand Tutor Sima Fu bade farewell, took the emperor's hand, and sobbed until he could scarcely speak: "When I die, I shall still be a faithful servant of Great Wei." On bingyin, the King of Jin took the imperial throne, declared a general amnesty, and inaugurated a new reign title. On dingmao, the former Wei emperor was enfeoffed as Prince of Chenliu and established his palace at Ye. The courtesies accorded him followed the precedents set when Wei had first received the mandate. Every prince of the Wei imperial clan was reduced in rank to marquis. King Xuan was posthumously elevated to Emperor Xuan, King Jing to Emperor Jing, and King Wen to Emperor Wen. The king's mother was elevated to grand empress dowager. He enfeoffed his grand-uncle Fu as Prince of Anping; his uncles Gan, Liang, Zhou, Jun, Rong, and Lun as princes of Pingyuan, Fufeng, Dongguan, Ruyin, Liang, and Langye respectively; his brothers You, Jian, and Ji as princes of Qi, Le'an, and Yan; and seventeen collateral relatives, including Sima Wang, all received princely titles. Shi Bao became Grand Marshal, Zheng Chong Grand Tutor, Wang Xiang Grand Guardian, He Zeng Grand Commandant, Jia Chong General of Chariots and Cavalry, and Wang Shen Rapid Cavalry General. Other civil and military officials received promotions in rank and title according to their stations. On yihai, Prince of Anping Fu was named Grand Preceptor with overall command of all military forces. Soon afterward Chen Qian, General of Chariots and Cavalry, was made Grand General as well; with Minister over the Masses Prince of Yiyang Wang and Minister of Works Xun Yi, eight grand offices were filled simultaneously. Mindful of how the Wei house had been weakened by keeping its princes isolated, the emperor enfeoffed the imperial clan broadly, gave them real responsibilities, and allowed each prince to choose his own senior officials within his fief. Only Guard General Prince of Qi You declined to act on his own and referred every appointment to the throne.
14
詔除魏宗室禁錮，罷部-{曲}-將及長吏納質任。
An edict lifted the restrictions on Wei imperial clansmen and ended the practice of requiring military commanders and chief officials to post hostages at court.
15
帝承魏氏刻薄奢侈之-{後}-，欲矯以仁儉，太常丞許奇，允之子也，帝將有事-{於}-太廟，朝議以奇父受誅，不宜接近左右，請出爲外官； 帝乃追述允之夙望，稱奇之-{才}-，擢爲祠部郎。 有司言-{御}-牛靑絲紖斷，詔以靑麻代之。
Coming to power after Wei's harsh extravagance, the emperor sought to correct it with benevolence and thrift. Xu Qi, son of the executed Xu Yun, served as an aide in the Ministry of Rites. When the emperor was to worship at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, court opinion argued that a son of a condemned man should not attend the sovereign and asked that Qi be posted outside the capital. The emperor instead recalled Xu Yun's former standing, praised Qi's ability, and promoted him to Gentleman of the Sacrificial Department. When officials reported that the green silk reins on the imperial oxen had broken, an edict substituted green hemp instead.
16
初置諫官，以散騎常侍傅玄、皇甫陶爲之。 玄，-{干}-之子也。 玄以魏末士風頽敝，上疎曰：「臣聞先王之-{御}-天下，教化隆-{於}-上，淸議行-{於}-下。 近者魏武好法-{術}-而天下貴刑名，魏文慕通達而天下賤守節，其-{後}-綱維不攝，放誕盈朝，遂使天下無-{復}-淸議。 陛下龍興受禪，弘堯、舜之化，惟未舉淸遠有禮之臣以敦風節，未退虚鄙之士以懲不恪，臣是以猶敢有言。」 上嘉納其言，使玄草詔進之，然亦不能革也。
For the first time remonstrating officials were instituted, with Regular Attendant Fu Xuan and Huangfu Tao named to the office. Fu Xuan was a son of Fu Gan. Seeing how debased scholarly conduct had become by the end of Wei, Xuan submitted a memorial: "I have heard that when the ancient kings ruled the realm, moral teaching flourished at court and upright discourse prevailed among the people. Lately Wei Wu favored legal craft and the empire valued harsh penal administration; Wei Wen admired broad-minded talent and the empire scorned steadfast integrity. Thereafter the fabric of order unraveled, license filled the court, and pure discourse vanished from the land. Your Majesty has ascended and received the mandate, spreading a Yao-and-Shun transformation, yet you have not yet promoted pure, principled ministers to strengthen public morals, nor removed shallow and unworthy men to punish irreverence—hence I still venture to speak." The emperor commended his advice, had Xuan draft an edict to advance worthy men, yet still could not change the times.
17
初，漢-{征}-西將軍司馬鈞生豫章太守量，量生穎川太守俊，俊生京兆尹防，防生宣帝。
Earlier, Han General Who Conquers the West Sima Jun fathered Yuzhang administrator Liang; Liang fathered Yingchuan administrator Jun; Jun fathered Jingzhao intendant Fang; and Fang fathered Emperor Xuan.
18
春，正月，丁亥，卽用魏廟祭-{征}-西府君以下-{並}-景帝凡七室。
In spring, in the first month, on dinghai, the court worshipped at the Wei ancestral temple, offering to the Western Expeditionary forebear and the succeeding generations through Emperor Jing—seven chambers in all.
19
辛-{丑}-，尊景帝夫人羊氏曰景皇-{后}-，居弘訓宮。
On xinchou, Emperor Jing's consort, Lady Yang of the Yang clan, was elevated to Jing empress and installed in Hongxun Palace.
20
丙午，立皇-{后}-弘農楊氏。 -{后}-，魏通事郎文宗之女也。
On bingwu, Lady Yang of Hongnong was installed as empress. She was a daughter of Yang Wenzong, Attendant for Miscellaneous Affairs under Wei.
21
群臣奏：「五帝卽天帝也，王氣時異，故名號有五。 自今明堂、南郊宜除五帝座。」 從之。 帝，王肅外孫也，故郊祀之禮，有司多從肅議。
The ministers submitted: "The Five Emperors are one with the Heavenly Emperor; only because the royal qi shifted with the ages did their titles number five. Henceforth the seats of the Five Emperors should be removed from the Bright Hall and the Southern Suburb rites." The emperor approved. The emperor was Wang Su's maternal grandson, so in suburban sacrifice the responsible offices largely followed Su's opinions.
22
二月，除漢宗室禁錮。 三月，戊戌，呉遣大鴻臚張儼、五官中郎將丁忠來弔祭。
In the second month, restrictions on the Han imperial clan were lifted. In the third month, on wuxu, Wu dispatched Grand Herald Zhang Yan and Palace Attendant of the Five Offices Ding Zhong to offer mourning rites.
23
呉散騎常侍廬江王蕃，體氣髙亮，不能承顏順指，呉主不悅，散騎常侍萬彧、中書丞陳聲從而譖之。 丁忠使還，呉主大會群臣，蕃沉醉頓伏。 呉主疑其詐，輿蕃出外。 頃之，召還。 蕃好治威儀，行止自若。 呉主大怒，呵左右-{於}-殿下斬之，出，登來山，使親近擲蕃首，作虎跳狼爭咋嚙之，首皆碎壞。
Wang Fan of Lujiang, Wu's Regular Attendant, was tall and forthright and would not flatter or yield; the Wu ruler disliked him, and Regular Attendant Wan Yu and Secretariat Aide Chen Sheng joined in slandering him. When Ding Zhong's embassy returned, the Wu ruler held a grand feast for his ministers; Fan, dead drunk, slumped to the floor. Suspecting a ruse, the ruler had Fan carried outside in a litter. A moment later he was summoned back. Fan, who prized dignified bearing, walked and stood as calmly as ever. The Wu ruler flew into a rage, ordered his attendants to behead Fan on the hall steps, then climbed Mount Lai and had intimates cast down Fan's head while they mimicked tigers and wolves fighting, biting and tearing it until it was smashed to pieces.
24
丁忠説呉主曰：「北方無守戰之備，弋陽可襲而取。」 呉主以問群臣，鎭西大將軍陸凱曰：「北方新-{並}-巴、蜀，遣使求和，非求援-{於}-我也，欲蓄力以俟時耳。 敵勢方強，而欲徼幸求勝，未見其利也。」 呉主雖不出兵，然遂與晉絶。 凱，遜之族子也。
Ding Zhong urged the Wu ruler: "The north is unprepared for defense; Yiyang could be taken in a surprise strike." The Wu ruler consulted his ministers. Lu Kai, General Who Stabilizes the West, said: "The north has just absorbed Ba and Shu and sent envoys suing for peace—not because they need our help, but to husband their strength and wait for the right moment. The enemy is at the height of his power, yet you would gamble on a lucky victory—I see no profit in that." Though the Wu ruler sent no troops, he broke off relations with Jin. Lu Kai was a kinsman of Lu Xun.
25
夏，五月，壬子，博陵元公王沈卒。
In summer, in the fifth month, on renzi, Wang Shen, Duke Yuan of Boling, died.
26
六月，丙午晦，日有食之。
In the sixth month, on the last day bingwu of the cycle, the sun was eclipsed.
27
文帝之喪，臣民皆從權-{制}-，三日除服。 旣葬，帝亦除之，然猶素冠疎食，哀毀如居喪者。 秋，八月，帝將謁崇陽陵，群臣奏言，秋暑未平，恐帝悲感摧傷。 帝曰：「朕得奉瞻山陵，體氣自佳耳。」 又詔曰：「漢文不使天下盡哀，亦帝王至謙之-{志}-。 當見山陵，何心無服！ 其議以衰絰從行。 群臣自依舊-{制}-。」 尚書令裴秀奏曰：「陛下旣除而-{復}-服，義無所依； 若君服而臣不服，亦未之敢安也。」 詔曰：「患情不能跂及耳，衣服何在！ 諸君勤勤之至，豈苟相違。」 遂止。
During mourning for Emperor Wen, officials and commoners alike followed expedient practice and laid aside mourning dress after three days. After the burial the emperor too laid aside formal mourning, yet still wore a plain cap, ate sparingly, and grieved as though still in full mourning. In autumn, in the eighth month, as the emperor prepared to visit Chongyang Mausoleum, ministers urged that the late-summer heat had not yet broken and feared grief might overwhelm his health. The emperor replied: "Once I can pay my respects at the tomb, my health will improve of itself." He also decreed: "Emperor Wen of Han did not require the whole realm to mourn—that too was the utmost humility of a sovereign. When I am about to visit the tomb, how could I go without mourning garb! Let the court consider wearing hemp mourning for the journey. The ministers themselves adhered to the old regulations." Director of the Masters of Writing Pei Xiu submitted: "Your Majesty has already laid aside mourning yet would don it again—there is no ritual basis for that. If the sovereign wears mourning while his ministers do not, we could scarcely feel at ease either." An edict replied: "I only fear my feelings cannot match the ritual—what does clothing matter! Your earnest concern moves me deeply—how could I lightly oppose you?" He desisted.
28
中軍將軍羊祜謂傅玄曰：「三年之喪，雖貴遂服，禮也，而漢文除之，毀禮傷義。 今主上至孝，雖奪其服，實行喪禮。 若因此-{復}-先王之法，不亦善乎！」 玄曰：「以日易月，已數百年，一旦-{復}-古，難行也。」 祜曰：「不能使天下如禮，且使主上遂服，不猶愈乎！」 玄曰：「主上不除而天下除之，此爲但有父子，無-{復}-君臣也。」 乃止。
Central Army General Yang Hu said to Fu Xuan: "Three-year mourning is ritual—even nobles complete it—yet Emperor Wen of Han abolished it, damaging ritual and righteousness. Our sovereign is deeply filial; though formal mourning was cut short, in practice he still observes mourning rites. If we could use this occasion to restore the former kings' practice, would that not be excellent!" Xuan replied: "Replacing months with days has stood for centuries; to restore the ancient practice overnight would be impracticable." Hu said: "If we cannot make the whole realm observe ritual, at least let the sovereign complete full mourning—would that not be an improvement!" Xuan said: "If the sovereign keeps mourning while the realm lays it aside, we would have only the bond of father and son and no longer ruler and subject." The matter ended there.
29
戊辰，群臣奏請易服-{復}-膳，詔曰：「毎感念幽冥，而不得終苴絰之禮，以爲沉痛。 況當食稻衣錦乎！ -{適}-足激切其心，非所以相解也。 朕本諸生家，傳禮來久，何至一旦便易此情-{於}-所天！ 相從已多，可試省孔子答宰我之言，無事紛紜也！」 遂以疎素終三年。
On wuchen the ministers asked him to change dress and resume normal meals. An edict replied: "Whenever I think of my father in the nether world and cannot complete the full hemp mourning, the sorrow is overwhelming. How then could I eat rice and wear brocade! That would only sharpen my grief, not ease it. I come from a scholar's family and have long upheld ritual—how could I change overnight this feeling for him who was my Heaven! You have urged me long enough—consider Confucius's reply to Zai Wo, and trouble me no further!" He therefore wore plain dress through the full three years.
30
臣光曰：三年之喪，自天子達-{於}-庶人，此先王禮經，百世不易者也。 漢文師心不學，變古壞禮，絶父子之恩，虧君臣之義； -{後}-世帝王不能篤-{於}-哀戚之情，而群臣諂諛，莫肯釐正。 至-{於}-晉武獨以天性矯而行之，可謂不世之賢君； 而裴、傅之徒，固陋庸臣，習常玩故，不能將順其美，惜哉！
Sima Guang comments: Three-year mourning, from the Son of Heaven down to the common people, is the ritual canon of the ancient kings—unchanged for a hundred generations. Emperor Wen of Han followed his own inclinations without studying ritual, altered antiquity and ruined ceremony, severed the bond between father and son, and weakened the bond between ruler and subject. Later emperors could not sustain sincere mourning, while ministers flattered them and none would set matters right. Emperor Wu of Jin alone, by innate filial feeling, corrected the practice—he may be called a ruler of rare worth. Yet Pei Xiu, Fu Xuan, and men like them were narrow, mediocre officials, clinging to custom and precedent, unable to support his excellence—alas!
31
呉改元寶鼎。
Wu adopted Baoding as its new reign title.
32
呉主以陸凱爲左丞相，萬彧爲右丞相。 呉主惡人視己，群臣侍見，莫敢舉目。 陸凱曰：「君臣無不相識之道，若猝有不虞，不知所赴。」 呉主乃-{聽}-凱自視，而它人如故。 呉主居武昌，揚州之民溯流供給，甚苦之，又奢侈無度，公私窮匱。 凱上疎曰：「今四邊無事，當務養民-{豐}-財，而更窮奢極欲，無災而民命盡，無爲而國財空，臣竊痛之。 昔漢室旣衰，三家鼎立； 今曹、劉失道，皆爲晉有，此目前之明驗也。 臣愚，但爲陛下惜國家耳。 武昌土地危險□脊確，非王者之都。 且童謠-{云}-：『-{寧}-飲建業水，不食武昌魚； -{寧}-還建業死，不止武昌居。』 以此觀之，足明民心與天意矣。 今國無一年之蓄，民有離散之怨，國有露根之漸，而官吏務爲苛急，莫之或恤。 大帝時，-{後}-宮列女及諸織絡數不滿百，景帝以來，乃有千數，此耗財之甚者也。 又左右之臣，率非其人，群黨相扶，害忠隱賢，此皆蠹政病民者也。 臣-{願}-陛下省息百役，罷去苛擾，料出宮女，淸選百官，則天悅民附，國家永安矣。」 呉主雖不悅，以其宿望，特優容之。
The Wu ruler appointed Lu Kai Left Chancellor and Wan Yu Right Chancellor. The emperor of Wu could not abide anyone's gaze upon him. When his ministers attended court, not one dared look up. Lu Kai said, "Sovereign and subject ought to know one another. If disaster struck suddenly, how would Your Majesty know whom to trust?" The Wu emperor relented only for Lu Kai, who might meet his eyes; all others were still forbidden to do so. With the Wu emperor lodged at Wuchang, the people of Yangzhou had to pole supplies upriver at grievous cost. His extravagance knew no bounds, and the treasury—public and private alike—was drained dry. Lu Kai memorialized the throne: "The frontiers are quiet; we should be nurturing the people and building up the treasury. Instead we pursue luxury to the limit. The people are being bled dry though no war rages; the state's wealth is squandered though no great task is accomplished. This grieves me deeply. When the Han dynasty waned, three powers rose and divided the realm among themselves. Today Cao Wei and Liu Shu have both lost the Mandate, and Jin has swallowed them both—a lesson plain for all to see. I speak as a plain man, Your Majesty, but my concern is for the survival of the realm itself. Wuchang sits on treacherous, barren, rugged ground—it is no seat for an imperial capital. Consider the children's rhyme: "We'd rather drink Jianye's water than eat Wuchang's fish—" We'd rather die back in Jianye than go on living in Wuchang." From that alone one can read both the people's will and Heaven's intent. The state lacks even a year's reserves. The people seethe with grievance and the realm shows the first signs of uprooting—yet officials compete in severity, and no one spares them a thought. Under the founding emperor, palace women and weaving maids numbered fewer than a hundred. Since Emperor Jing's reign they have swelled to over a thousand—a ruinous drain on the treasury. Those who surround Your Majesty are, for the most part, unworthy men. Factions protect one another, strike down the loyal, and bury the able. Each of these is a canker on government and a plague upon the people. I beg Your Majesty to cut back forced labor, end oppressive exactions, release surplus palace women, and appoint honest officials. Then Heaven will smile, the people will rally, and the state will endure." The Wu emperor took no pleasure in the admonition, but out of respect for Lu Kai's long service he let the rebuke pass without punishment.
33
九月，詔：「自今雖詔有所欲，及已奏得可，而-{於}-事不便者，皆不可隱情。」
In the ninth month an edict declared: "Henceforth, even when the throne has spoken its wish and a memorial has already won approval, if the matter is impracticable, no one may withhold the truth."
34
戊戌，有司奏：「大晉受禪-{於}-魏，宜一用前代正朔、服色，如虞遵唐故事。」 從之。
On the day wuxu, the court memorialized: "Great Jin received the abdication from Wei. The dynasty ought to adopt the calendar and regalia of its predecessors, as Yu had followed the customs of Tang." The emperor assented.
35
冬，十月，丙午朔，日有食之。
In winter, on the first day of the tenth month—the day bingwu—a solar eclipse occurred.
36
永安山賊施但，因民勞怨，聚衆數千人，劫呉主庶弟永安侯謙作亂，北至建業，衆萬-{餘}-人，未至三十-{里}-住，擇吉日入城。 遣使以謙命召丁固、諸葛靚，固、靚斬其使，-{發}-兵逆戰-{於}-牛屯。 但兵皆無甲冑，卽時敗散。 謙獨坐車中，生獲之。 固不敢殺，以狀白呉主，呉主-{並}-其母及弟俊皆殺之。 初，望氣者-{云}-：「荊州有王氣，當破揚州。」 故呉主徙都武昌。 及但反，自以爲得計，遣數百人鼓噪入建業，殺但妻子，-{云}-「天子使荊州兵來破揚州賊。」
Shi Dan, a brigand of Mount Yong'an, exploited popular exhaustion and anger to rally several thousand followers. He seized the Wu emperor's younger half-brother, Marquis Qian of Yong'an, and rose in revolt. Marching on Jianye with more than ten thousand men, he halted thirty li from the city and waited for an auspicious day before entering. Qian's rebels sent envoys in his name to summon Ding Gu and Zhuge Jing. The two men beheaded the messengers, mustered troops, and met the rebels in battle at Niutun. Shi Dan's men wore no armor. They broke at once and fled in every direction. Qian alone remained seated in his carriage and was taken alive. Ding Gu dared not put him to death and reported the matter to the throne. The Wu emperor had Qian, his mother, and his brother Jun all executed. Long before, omen-readers had declared, "Imperial destiny gathers in Jing Province; it will conquer Yangzhou." On that account the Wu emperor had moved his capital to Wuchang. When Shi Dan rose, the Wu emperor convinced himself he had been right all along. He sent several hundred men into Jianye with drums and shouts, slaughtered Dan's wife and children, and proclaimed, "The Son of Heaven has sent Jingzhou troops to crush the Yangzhou rebels."
37
十一月，初-{並}-圜丘、方丘之祀-{於}-南北郊。
In the eleventh month the court for the first time combined the sacrifices to the Round Mound and the Square Mound, holding them at the southern and northern suburban altars.
38
罷山陽公國督軍，除其禁-{制}-。
The Jin court abolished the garrison that had overseen the domain of the Duke of Shanyang and lifted the constraints placed upon him.
39
十二月，呉主還都建業，使-{后}-父衞將軍、録尚書事滕牧收留鎭武昌。 朝士以牧尊戚，頗推令諫爭，滕-{后}-之寵由是漸衰，更遣牧居蒼梧，雖爵位不奪，其實遷也，在道以憂死。 何太-{后}-常保佑滕-{后}-，太史又言中宮不可易。 呉主信巫覡，故得不廢，常供養昇平宮，不-{復}-進見，諸姬佩皇-{后}-璽紱者甚衆，滕-{后}-受朝賀表疎而已。 呉主使黃門遍行州郡，料取將吏家女，其二千石大臣子女，皆歳歳言名，年十五、六一簡閲，簡閲不中，乃得出嫁。 -{後}-宮以千數，而采擇無已。
In the twelfth month the Wu emperor moved the capital back to Jianye and left the empress's father, Guard General Teng Mu—who also served as Recorder of the Masters of Writing—to hold Wuchang. Because Teng Mu was the emperor's father-in-law, court officials often yielded to him in debate—a fact that steadily eroded Empress Teng's standing. The emperor then sent Mu to live in exile at Cangwu. His title remained, but the move was banishment in all but name; he died of grief on the journey. Empress Dowager He had always shielded Empress Teng, and the court astrologer declared that the empress could not be deposed. The Wu emperor, a devout believer in shamans and diviners, kept Empress Teng on the throne but sequestered her at Shengping Palace, never granting her an audience again. A host of consorts wore the empress's seal and regalia, while Empress Teng herself received only the formal congratulatory memorials of state. The Wu emperor dispatched palace eunuchs across every province and commandery to register and seize the daughters of officials and officers. Each year the names of daughters of ministers of two-thousand-bushel rank and above were submitted; at fifteen and sixteen they were examined, and only those rejected in the selection were permitted to marry. The inner palace already held a thousand women, yet the conscription of new ones never stopped.
40
春，正月，丁卯，立子衷爲皇太子。 詔以「近世毎立太子必有赦，今世運將平，當示之以好惡，使百姓絶多幸之望。 -{曲}-惠小人，朕無取焉！」 遂不赦。
In spring, on the dingmao day of the first month, Emperor Wu's son Ai was named crown prince. An edict explained: "In recent generations the installation of a crown prince has always been marked by a general amnesty. Our age is nearing peace; the throne must teach the people to distinguish reward from punishment, and quench their appetite for undeserved fortune. I will not indulge petty men with empty grace!" No amnesty followed.
41
司隸校尉上黨李喜劾奏故立進令劉友、前尚書山濤、中山王睦、尚書-{僕}-射武陔各佔官稻田，請免濤、睦等官，陔已亡，請貶其諡。 詔曰：「友侵剝百姓以謬惑朝士，其考竟以懲邪佞。 濤等不貳其過，皆勿有所問。 喜亢-{志}-在公，當官而行，可謂邦之司直矣。 光武有-{云}-：『貴戚且斂手以避二鮑。』 其申敕群寮，各愼所詞，寬宥之恩，不可數遇也！」 睦，宣帝之弟子也。
Li Xi, Director of the Masters of Writing for Shangdang, impeached the former Director of Advancement Liu You, former Master of Writing Shan Tao, Prince Mu of Zhongshan, and Vice Director Wu Gai for seizing official rice fields. He asked that Tao, Mu, and the others be dismissed; Gai being already dead, he asked that his posthumous name be stripped. The emperor replied: "Liu You squeezed the people and misled the court—let him be tried to the full extent of the law, as a warning to sycophants. Shan Tao and the rest have not repeated their offense; let the matter against them drop. Li Xi has served the public with fierce integrity and done his duty without flinching. He may truly be called the state's upright censor. Emperor Guangwu said, 'Even nobles must keep their hands to themselves lest they cross the two Baos. Let this be proclaimed to the whole bureaucracy: weigh your accusations carefully. The throne's mercy must not be squandered again and again!" Prince Mu of Zhongshan was a younger cousin of Emperor Xuan of Jin.
42
臣光曰：政之大本，在-{於}-刑賞，刑賞不明，政何以成！ 晉武帝赦山濤而褒李喜，其-{於}-刑、賞兩失之。 使喜所言爲是，則濤不可赦； 所言爲非，則喜不足褒。 褒之使言，言而不用，怨結-{於}-下，威玩-{於}-上，將安用之！ 且四臣同罪，劉友伏誅而濤等不問，避貴施賤，可謂政乎！ 創業之初，而政本不立，將以垂統-{後}-世，不亦難乎！
Sima Guang comments: The bedrock of government is reward and punishment. When reward and punishment are muddled, good governance is impossible. Emperor Wu of Jin pardoned Shan Tao even as he praised Li Xi—thus failing in both punishment and reward. If Li Xi's charges were true, Shan Tao should not have been spared. If they were false, Li Xi deserved no praise. To praise a man into speaking truth, then ignore what he says, is to breed resentment below and make a mockery of authority above. What good can come of that? Worse, four men stood accused of the same crime: Liu You was put to death, while Shan Tao and the others went untouched. Spare the great, punish the small—is that governance? If the foundations of rule are not laid at the founding of a dynasty, what hope is there of bequeathing a worthy example to posterity?
43
帝以李喜爲太子太傅，徽犍爲李密爲洗馬。 密以祖母老，固辭，許之。 密與人交，毎公議其得失而切責之，常言：「吾獨立-{於}-世，顧影無儔； 然而不懼者，以無彼此-{於}-人故也。」
The emperor appointed Li Xi Grand Tutor to the Crown Prince and summoned Li Mi to serve as palace attendant. Li Mi declined on the grounds that his grandmother was aged and required his care. The emperor granted his request. In company Li Mi would openly weigh others' merits and faults and rebuke them without mercy. He was fond of saying, "I stand alone in this world. Look at my shadow—there is no one like me. Yet I fear nothing, for I hold no private grudge against any man."
44
呉大赦，以右丞相萬彧鎭巴丘。
Wu declared a general amnesty and posted Right Chancellor Wan Yu to guard Baling.
45
夏，六月，呉主作昭明宮，二千石以下，皆自入山督伐木。 大開苑囿，起土山、樓觀，窮極伎巧，功役之費以億萬計。 陸凱諫，不-{聽}-。 中書丞華覈上疎曰：「漢文之世，九州晏然，賈誼獨以爲如抱火厝-{於}-積薪之下而寢其上。 今大敵-{據}-九州之地，有太半之衆，欲與國家爲相呑之計，非徒漢之淮南、濟北而已也，比-{於}-賈誼之世，孰爲緩急？ 今倉庫空匱，編戸失業； 而北方積-{穀}-養民，專心向東。 又，交趾淪沒，嶺表動搖，胸背有嫌，首尾多難，乃國朝之厄會也。 若-{捨}-此急務，盡力功作，卒有風塵不虞之變，當委版-{築}-而應烽燧，驅怨民而赴白刃，此乃大敵所因以爲資者也。」 時呉俗奢侈，覈又上疎曰：「今事多而役繁，民貧而俗奢，百工作無用之器，婦人爲綺靡之飾，轉相倣傚，恥獨無有。 兵民之家，猶-{復}-逐俗，内無甔石之儲而出有綾綺之服，上無尊卑等級之差，下有耗財費力之損，求其富給，庸可得乎？」 呉主皆不-{聽}-。
In summer, the sixth month, the Wu emperor began the Zhaoming Palace. Every official below two-thousand-bushel rank was sent personally into the hills to oversee the logging. He expanded the imperial parks, raised artificial hills and lofty pavilions, and pushed craftsmanship to its utmost limit. The cost in labor and treasure ran into the hundreds of millions. Lu Kai remonstrated. The emperor refused to hear him. Palace Secretary Hua He memorialized: "In Emperor Wen's reign the realm was at peace, yet Jia Yi warned that the dynasty slept atop a pile of kindling with a fire tucked beneath. Today our great enemy holds most of the Nine Provinces and more than half the empire's people, and aims to devour us whole. This is no mere Huainan or Jibei rebellion. Compared with Jia Yi's day, which age faces the graver peril? Our granaries stand empty; registered households have lost their livelihood. Meanwhile the north hoards grain, feeds its people, and turns every mind toward conquest of the east. Jiaozhi has fallen; the Lingnan frontier trembles. We are threatened at our back even as our front buckles—a crisis on every front for our dynasty. If we neglect these urgencies and pour all our strength into building, then when war erupts without warning we must drop our tools to answer the beacon fires and drive a resentful populace against naked steel. That is exactly the opening our enemy waits for." Wu society had grown extravagantly wasteful. Hua He memorialized again: "Affairs multiply and corvée labor grows heavier, yet the people grow poorer while fashion grows more lavish. Craftsmen fashion useless gewgaws; women weave finery beyond all need. Each imitates the next, ashamed to be left out. Even soldiers' and commoners' households chase the fashion: no grain in the jar, yet silk on their backs; no respect for rank above, ruinous expense below. Under such conditions, how can anyone prosper?" The Wu emperor would hear none of it.
46
秋，七月，王祥以睢陵公罷。
In autumn, the seventh month, Wang Xiang was removed from his post as Duke of Suiling.
47
九月，甲申，詔增吏俸。
In the ninth month, on the day jiashen, an edict raised official salaries.
48
以何曾爲太保，義陽王望爲太尉，荀顗爲司徒。
He Zeng was appointed Grand Guardian, Prince Wang of Yiyang Grand Commandant, and Xun Xu Minister over the Masses.
49
禁星氣、讖緯之學。
The court forbade the study of celestial portents and apocryphal prophecy.
50
呉主以孟仁守丞相，奉法駕東迎其父文帝神-{於}-明陵，中使相繼，奉問起居。 巫覡言見文帝被服顏色如平生。 呉主悲喜，迎拜-{於}-東門之外。 旣入廟，比七日三祭，設諸倡伎，晝夜娯樂。 是歳，遣鮮卑拓跋沙漠汗歸其國。
The Wu emperor appointed Meng Ren acting chancellor and rode the imperial carriage east to welcome his father Emperor Wen's spirit from Ming Tomb, while palace envoys followed in succession to inquire after the departed emperor's repose. Shamans and diviners claimed to see Emperor Wen dressed and complected exactly as in life. The Wu emperor, torn between grief and joy, went out to the east gate to receive the spirit and bow in homage. Once the spirit entered the temple, the court held three sacrifices over seven days, with singers, dancers, and musicians performing day and night without cease. That year the court sent the Xianbei chieftain Tuoba Shamo Han home to his people.
51
春，正月，丙戌，賈充等上所刊修律令。 帝親自臨講，使尚書郎裴楷執讀。 楷，秀之從弟也。 侍中盧珽、中書侍郎-{范}-陽張華請抄新律死罪條目，懸之亭傳以示民，從之。 又詔河南尹杜預爲黜陟之課，預奏：「古者黜陟，擬議-{於}-心，不泥-{於}-法； 末世不能紀遠而專求密微，疑心而信耳目，疑耳目而信簡書。 簡書愈繁，官方愈偽。 魏氏考課，卽京房之遺意，其文可謂至密，然失-{於}-苛細以違本體，故-{歴}-代不能通也。 豈若申唐堯之舊-{制}-，取大-{捨}-小，去密就簡，俾之易從也！ 夫-{曲}-盡物理，神而明之，存乎其人； 去人而任法，則以文傷理。 莫若委任達官，各考所統，歳第其人，言其優劣。 如此六載，主者總集，采案其言，六優者超擢，六劣者廢免，優多劣少者平敘，劣多優少者左遷。 其間所對不鈞，品有難易，主者固當准量輕重，微加降殺，不足-{曲}-以法盡也。 其有優劣徇情，不-{叶}-公論者，當委監司隨而彈之。 若令上下公相容過，此爲淸議大頽，雖有考課之法，亦無益也。」 事竟不行。
In spring, on the bingxu day of the first month, Jia Chong and his colleagues presented the newly compiled code of laws to the throne. The emperor presided over the reading in person and had Masters of Writing Attendant Pei Kai recite the text. Pei Kai was the younger cousin of Pei Xiu. Palace Attendant Lu Zhi and Palace Secretary Zhang Hua of Fanyang asked that the capital-crime articles of the new code be copied and posted at relay stations for the people to see. The emperor agreed. The emperor also charged Intendant of Henan Du Yu with drafting rules for the evaluation and promotion of officials. Du Yu memorialized: "In antiquity, promotion and dismissal were weighed in the ruler's judgment, not shackled to written law. Decadent ages cannot grasp principle from afar and so chase microscopic detail; they distrust judgment and trust what the eyes and ears report; they distrust even the eyes and ears and trust only what is written down. The more paperwork proliferates, the more officials turn to artifice. Wei's performance-examination system preserved Jing Fang's design. Its regulations were exhaustively detailed, yet so finicky that they betrayed the system's purpose—and no dynasty since has been able to make them work. Better to restore the ancient practice of Emperor Yao of Tang: keep what matters, discard the trivial; favor simplicity over complexity; make the law easy to obey. To grasp affairs fully and judge them with insight depends on the person who wields authority. Remove the person and rely on the text alone, and the letter of the law will kill its spirit. Better to entrust senior officials to evaluate their own subordinates, rank them annually, and report their strengths and failings. After six years the supervising minister would compile the records: six years rated superior—promote; six rated inferior—dismiss; more superior than inferior—advance in regular course; more inferior than superior—demote. Where ratings varied or posts differed in difficulty, the supervising minister should weigh circumstances and adjust accordingly—not force every case through rigid formulae. Where favoritism skewed the ratings against public opinion, the censorate should investigate and impeach. If superiors and subordinates are allowed to shield one another's failings, honest judgment collapses—and no examination system, however elaborate, will do any good." In the end the proposal was not adopted.
52
丁亥，帝耕籍田-{於}-洛水之北。
On dinghai, the emperor performed the ceremonial plowing of the sacred field north of the Luo River.
53
戊子，大赦。
On wuzi, the court declared a general amnesty.
54
二月，呉主以左-{御}-史大夫丁固爲司徒，右-{御}-史大夫孟仁爲司空。
In the second month, the Wu ruler made Left Imperial Censor Grandee Ding Gu Minister over the Masses and Right Imperial Censor Grandee Meng Ren Minister of Works.
55
三月，戊子，皇太-{后}-王氏殂。 帝居喪之-{制}-，一遵古禮。
In the third month, on wuzi, Empress Dowager Wang died. The emperor observed mourning according to the full ancient ritual code.
56
夏，四月，戊戌，睢陵元公王祥卒，門無雜吊之賓。 其族孫戎歎曰：「太保當正始之世，不在能言之流； 及間與之言，理致淸遠，豈非以德掩其言乎！」
In summer, on xuxu in the fourth month, Wang Xiang, Duke Yuan of Suiling, died; only proper mourners came to his gate. His kinsman Wang Rong remarked, "In the Zhengshi period the Grand Protector was not reckoned among the fluent talkers; yet when you did speak with him, his reasoning was lucid and profound—surely virtue outshone mere eloquence!"
57
已亥，葬文明皇-{后}-。 有司又奏：「旣虞，除衰服。」 詔曰：「受終身之愛而無數年之報，情所不忍也。」 有司固請，詔曰：「患在不能篤孝，勿以毀傷爲憂。 前代禮典，質文不同，何必限以近-{制}-，使達喪闕然乎！」 群臣請不已，乃許之。 然猶素冠疎食以終三年，如文帝之喪。
On yihai, the Civilized Empress was interred. The responsible officials memorialized again: "After the yu sacrifice, the mourning garments should be removed." An edict replied: "She gave me a lifetime of devotion; to repay that in only a few years of mourning is more than my heart can bear." When they pressed again, the emperor said: "My fear is that I cannot mourn sincerely enough—do not urge me to harm myself through excess. Ancient ritual texts differ in substance and ornament; why bind ourselves to recent custom and leave the full term of mourning unfulfilled?" The ministers would not relent, and at last he consented. He still wore undyed cap and plain food through the full three years, as Emperor Wen had done.
58
秋，七月，衆星西流如雨而隕。
In autumn, in the seventh month, stars streamed westward like a shower and fell from the sky.
59
己卯，帝謁崇陽陵。
On jimao, the emperor paid a visit to Chongyang Tomb.
60
九月，靑、徐、兗、豫四州大水。
In the ninth month, Qing, Xu, Yan, and Yu provinces were struck by severe flooding.
61
大司馬石苞久在淮南，威惠甚著。 淮北監軍王琛惡之，密表苞與呉人交通。 會呉人將入寇，苞-{築}-壘遏水以自固，帝疑之。 羊祜深爲帝言苞必不然，帝不信，乃下詔以苞不料賊勢，-{築}-壘遏水，勞擾百姓，策免其官。 遣義陽王望帥大軍以-{征}-之。 苞-{辟}-河内孫鑠爲掾，鑠先與汝陰王駿善，駿時鎭許昌，鑠過見之。 駿知-{台}-已遣軍襲苞，私告之曰：「無與-{於}-禍！」 鑠旣出，馳詣壽春，勸苞放兵，歩出都亭待罪，苞從之。 帝聞之，意解。 苞詣闕，以樂陵公還第。
Grand Marshal Shi Bao had long held Huainan, where his authority and benevolence were widely felt. Wang Chen, the north-of-Huai supervisory commander, detested him and secretly reported that Bao was trafficking with Wu. As Wu forces threatened invasion, Bao built dikes to hold back the waters and fortify his position, and the emperor grew suspicious. Yang Hu assured the emperor that Bao would never betray him, but the emperor would not listen. He issued an edict faulting Bao for misreading the enemy, wasting labor on dikes, and harassing the people, and removed him from office. He dispatched the Prince of Yiyang, Sima Wang, at the head of a large army to move against him. Bao took on Sun Shuo of Henei as an aide; Shuo was friendly with Prince Ru'nan Sima Jun, then posted at Xuchang, and went to visit him. Jun knew the court had already dispatched troops against Bao and warned him privately: "Stay out of this disaster!" Shuo rode straight to Shouchun, urged Bao to disband his forces and present himself at the capital relay station to await judgment; Bao did so. When word reached the emperor, his anger subsided. Bao appeared at court and was sent home with the title Duke of Leling.
62
呉主出東關，冬，十月，使其將施績入江夏，萬彧寇襄陽。 詔義陽王望統中軍歩騎二萬屯龍陂，爲二方聲援。 會荊州刺史胡烈拒績，破之，望引兵還。
The Wu ruler marched out through Dong Pass; in winter, in the tenth month, he sent Shi Ji against Jiangxia and Wan Yu against Xiangyang. The court ordered Prince Yiyang Sima Wang to hold Long Slope with twenty thousand central-army foot and horse as a reserve for both theaters. Jing Province inspector Hu Lie repelled Shi Ji and routed him; Sima Wang then withdrew.
63
呉交州刺史劉俊、大都督脩則、將軍顧容前-{後}-三攻交趾，交趾太守楊稷皆拒破之，鬱林、九眞皆附-{於}-稷。 稷遣將軍毛炅、董元攻合浦，戰-{於}-古城，大破呉兵，殺劉俊、脩則，-{餘}-兵散還合浦。 稷表炅爲鬱林太守，元爲九眞太守。
Wu's Jiaozhi inspector Liu Jun, grand coordinator Xiu Ze, and general Gu Rong attacked Jiaozhi three times running; governor Yang Ji beat them back each time, and Yulin and Jiuzhen submitted to him. Ji sent Mao Jing and Dong Yuan against Hepu; at Gucheng they crushed the Wu army, killed Liu Jun and Xiu Ze, and the survivors fled back to Hepu. Ji recommended Mao Jing as governor of Yulin and Dong Yuan as governor of Jiuzhen.
64
十一月，呉丁奉、諸葛靚出芍陂，攻合肥，安東將軍汝陰王駿拒卻之。
In the eleventh month, Wu generals Ding Feng and Zhuge Liang advanced from Shao Slope against Hefei; Andong general Prince Ru'nan beat them back.
65
以義陽王望爲大司馬，荀顗爲太尉，石苞爲司徒。
Sima Wang was appointed Grand Marshal, Xun Yi Grand Commandant, and Shi Bao Minister over the Masses.
66
春，正月，呉主立子瑾爲皇太子。
In spring, in the first month, the Wu ruler named his son Sun Jin crown prince.
67
二月，分雍、涼、梁州置秦州，以胡烈爲刺史。 先是，鄧艾納鮮卑降者數萬，置-{於}-雍、涼之間，與民雜居，朝廷恐其久而爲患，以烈素著名-{於}-西方，故使鎭撫之。
In the second month, Qin Province was carved out of Yong, Liang, and Liang domains, with Hu Lie as its inspector. Earlier Deng Ai had settled tens of thousands of surrendered Xianbei among the people of Yong and Liang; fearing future unrest, the court sent the celebrated western commander Hu Lie to keep them in order.
68
靑、徐、兗三州大水。
Qing, Xu, and Yan provinces were ravaged by flooding.
69
帝有滅呉之-{志}-，壬寅，以尚書左-{僕}-射羊祜都督荊州諸軍事，鎭襄陽； -{征}-東大將軍衞瑾都督靑州諸軍事，鎭臨菑； 鎭東大將軍東莞王人由都督徐州諸軍事，鎭下邳。
Intent on conquering Wu, on renchen the emperor named Yang Hu, Left Deputy Director of the Masters of Writing, to command Jing Province from Xiangyang; Eastern Campaign grand general Wei Guan to hold Qing Province from Linzi; and Eastern Pacification grand general Prince Dongguan to hold Xu Province from Xiapi.
70
祜綏懷遠近，甚得江、漢之心。 與呉人開布大信，降者欲去，皆-{聽}-之。 減戍邏之卒，以墾田八百-{餘}-頃。 其始至也，軍無百日之糧，及其季年，乃有十年之積。 祜在軍，常輕裘緩帶，身不被甲，鈴閣之下，侍衞不過十數人。
Yang Hu won over neighbors and newcomers alike and gained deep loyalty throughout the middle Yangtze. He dealt openly with Wu and allowed defectors who wished to return to do so freely. He cut garrison strength and brought more than eight hundred qing under cultivation. When he arrived, the army had less than a hundred days' provisions; by the end of his tenure it held a ten-year reserve. On campaign he wore light robes and no armor; at headquarters his personal guard rarely numbered more than a dozen.
71
濟陰太守巴西文立上言：「故蜀之名臣子孫流徙中國者，宜量-{才}-敘用，以慰巴、蜀之心，傾呉人之望。」 帝從之。 己未，詔曰：「諸葛亮在蜀，盡其心力，其子瞻臨難而死義，其孫京宜隨-{才}-署吏。」 又詔曰：「蜀將傅僉父子死-{於}-其主。 天下之善一也，豈由彼此以爲異哉！ 僉息著、募沒入奚官，宜免爲庶人。」
Jiyin governor Wen Li of Brazil memorialized: "Former Shu ministers' descendants now living in the north should be placed according to ability—to reassure Ba-Shu loyalists and unsettle Wu's hopes." The emperor agreed. On jiwei an edict declared: "Zhuge Liang gave Shu his all; his son Zhan died loyal; his grandson Jing should receive office suited to his ability." Another edict read: "Shu general Fu Qian and his son died for their sovereign. Virtue is one under Heaven—how can loyalty to one ruler differ from loyalty to another? Qian's son Zhuo, impressed into palace service, should be freed and restored to commoner status."
72
帝以文立爲散騎常侍。 漢故尚書犍爲程瓊，雅有德業，與立深交。 帝聞其名，以問立，對曰：「臣至知其人，但年垂八十，稟性謙退，無-{復}-當時之望，故不以上聞耳。」 瓊聞之，曰：「廣休可謂不黨矣，此吾所以善夫人也。」
The emperor made Wen Li Regular Attendant. Former Han Masters of Writing Cheng Qiong of Jianwei, a man of sterling character, was Wen Li's close friend. The emperor asked Li about him; Li answered: "I know him well, but he is nearly eighty, modest by nature, and past the ambitions of youth—so I did not bring his name forward." Hearing this, Qiong said: "Guangxiu is truly impartial—that is why I esteem him."
73
秋，九月，有星孛-{於}-紫宮。
In autumn, in the ninth month, a comet blazed in the Purple Palace constellation.
74
冬，十月，呉大赦，改元建衡。
In winter, in the tenth month, Wu declared a general amnesty and adopted the reign title Jianheng.
75
封皇子景度爲城陽王。
The emperor enfeoffed Prince Jingdu as Prince of Chengyang.
76
初，汝南何定嘗爲呉大帝給使，及呉主卽位，自表先帝舊人，求還内侍。 呉主以爲樓下都尉，典知酤糴事，遂專爲威福； 呉主信任之，委以衆事。 左丞相陸凱-{面}-責定曰：「卿見前-{後}-事主不忠，傾亂國政，-{寧}-有得以壽終者邪！ 何以專爲-{奸}-邪，塵穢天-{聽}-！ 宜自改厲，不然，方見卿有不測之禍。」 定大恨之。 凱竭心公家，忠懇内-{發}-，表疎皆指事不飾。 及疾病，呉主遣中書令董朝問所欲言，凱陳「何定不可信用，宜授以外任。 奚熙小吏，建起浦-{里}-田，亦不可-{聽}-。 姚信、樓玄、賀邵、張悌、郭逴、薛瑩、滕修及族弟喜、抗，或淸白忠勤，或資-{才}-卓茂，皆社稷之良輔，-{願}-陛下重留神思，訪以時務，使各盡其忠，拾遺萬一。」 邵，齊之孫； 瑩，綜之子； 玄，沛人； 修，南陽人也。 凱尋卒。 呉主素銜其切直，且日聞何定之譖，久之，竟徙凱家-{於}-建安。
Earlier Runan's He Ding had served Wu's founding emperor; when Sun Hao took the throne, Ding petitioned to return to palace service as a veteran of the old court. The Wu ruler made him Lower Pavilion commandant overseeing wine and grain sales, and he abused the post for private power. The ruler trusted him and handed him wide authority. Left Chancellor Lu Kai confronted He Ding: "You have served successive rulers disloyally and wrecked the government—who ever died in bed after that? Why heap corruption on the throne's ears? Reform—or you will meet disaster you cannot foresee." Ding nursed a deep grudge. Kai served the state with tireless honesty; his memorials spoke plainly to the facts. When Kai fell ill, the Wu ruler sent Palace Secretary Dong Chao to ask his counsel; Kai said: "He Ding is not to be trusted—post him far from court. The clerk Xi Xi, who seized Puli lane for private fields, must be stopped. Yao Xin, Lou Xuan, He Shao, Zhang Ti, Guo Chuo, Xue Ying, Teng Xiu, and my cousins Xi and Kang—men of integrity or exceptional talent—are pillars of the realm. Employ them, consult them on urgent matters, and let each give his utmost—lest one lapse in ten thousand undo us." He Shao was the grandson of He Qi. Xue Ying was the son of Xue Zong. Lou Xuan came from Pei. Teng Xiu was a man of Nanyang. Kai died not long afterward. The Wu ruler had long resented Kai's bluntness; fed daily by He Ding's slanders, he eventually banished Kai's family to Jian'an.
77
呉主遣監軍虞汜、威南將軍薛珝、蒼梧太守丹楊陶璜從荊州道，監軍李勗、督軍徐存從建安海道，皆會-{於}-合浦，以撃交趾。
The Wu ruler sent Yu Si, Xue Xu, and Tao Huang overland from Jing Province and Li Xu and Xu Cun by sea from Jian'an; all were to rendezvous at Hepu and attack Jiaozhi.
78
十二月，有司奏東宮施敬二傅，其儀不同。 帝曰：「夫崇敬師傅，所以尊道重教也。 何言臣不臣乎！ 其令太子申拜禮。」
In the twelfth month, officials noted that the crown prince's ritual toward his two tutors did not match precedent. The emperor said: "Honoring one's teachers honors the Way and upholds learning. How does that make the prince less a subject? Let the crown prince perform the full bowing rite."
79
春，正月，呉丁奉入渦口，揚州刺史牽弘撃走之。
In spring, in the first month, Wu's Ding Feng raided Wokou; Yangzhou inspector Qian Hong repulsed him.
80
呉萬彧自巴丘還建業。
Wan Yu withdrew from Baling to the Wu capital Jianye.
81
夏，四月，呉左大司馬施績卒。 以鎭軍大將軍陸抗都督信陵、西陵、夷道、樂鄕、公安諸軍事，治樂鄕。 抗以呉主政事多闕，上疎曰：「臣聞德均則衆者勝寡，力侔則安者-{制}-危，此六國所以-{並}--{於}-秦、西楚所以屈-{於}-漢也。 今敵之所-{據}-，非特關右之地、鴻溝以西，而國家外無連衡之授，内非西楚之強，庶政陵遲，黎民未乂。 議者所恃，徒以長江、峻山限帶封域； 此乃守國之末事，非智者之所先也。 臣毎念及此，中夜撫枕，臨餐忘食。 夫事君之義，犯而勿欺，謹陳時宜十七條以聞。」 呉主不納。
In summer, in the fourth month, Wu left grand marshal Shi Ji died. Lu Kang, Military Defense grand general, took command at Xinling, Xiling, Yidao, Leyang, and Gong'an, with headquarters at Leyang. Seeing many flaws in Wu's governance, Lu Kang memorialized: "When virtue is equal, numbers prevail; when strength is matched, the secure master the desperate—that is how Qin swallowed the six states and Han broke Western Chu. The enemy holds more than the western heartland; we have no allies abroad and lack Chu's old might at home; government falters and the people are unsettled. Counselors comfort themselves with the Yangtze and mountain barriers; but that is the last line of defense, not what the wise plan first. Thinking on this, I clutch my pillow at midnight and lose my appetite at meals. To serve one's ruler is to speak plainly even when it stings; I respectfully offer seventeen recommendations on urgent affairs." The Wu ruler ignored the memorial.
82
李勗以建安道不利，殺導將馮斐，引軍還。 初，何定嘗爲子求婚-{於}-勗，勗不許，乃白勗枉殺馮斐，擅徹軍還，誅勗及徐存，-{並}-其家屬，仍焚勗屍。 定又使諸將各上-{御}-犬，一犬至直縑數十匹，纓紲直錢一萬，以捕兔供廚。 呉人皆歸罪-{於}-定，而呉主以爲忠勤，賜爵列侯。 陸抗上疎曰：「小人不明理道，所見旣淺，雖使竭情盡節，猶不足任，況其-{奸}-心素篤而憎愛移易哉！」 呉主不從。
Li Xu, judging the Jian'an route impracticable, executed guide general Feng Fei and withdrew his force. He Ding had once asked Li Xu for a son's marriage alliance; Xu refused. Ding then denounced Xu for killing Feng Fei without cause and withdrawing the army on his own authority, executed Xu and Xu Cun along with their families, and burned Xu's body. Ding ordered every general to furnish imperial hunting hounds—each animal valued at dozens of bolts of silk, its collar and leash at ten thousand cash—to supply the palace kitchens with rabbits. Wu blamed He Ding for it all, yet Sun Hao called him loyal and diligent and made him a ranked marquis. Lu Kang memorialized: "Men of low character grasp neither principle nor the Way; their vision is narrow. Even at full zeal they are unfit for trust—how much more when treachery runs deep and their favor turns on a whim!" The Wu ruler paid no heed.
83
六月，戊午，胡烈討鮮卑禿-{髮}-樹機能-{於}-萬斛堆，兵敗被殺。 都督雍、涼州諸軍事扶風王亮遣將軍劉旂救之，旂觀望不進。 亮坐貶爲平西將軍，旂當斬。 亮上言：「節度之咎，由亮而出，乞丐旂死。」 詔曰：「若罪不在旂，當有所在。」 乃免亮官。 遣尚書樂陵石-{鑒}-行安西將軍，都督秦州諸軍事，討樹機能。 樹機能兵盛，-{鑒}-使秦州刺史杜預出兵撃之。 預以虜乘勝馬肥，而官軍縣乏，宜-{並}-力大運芻糧，須春進討。 -{鑒}-奏預稽乏軍興，檻車-{征}-詣廷尉，以贖論。 旣而-{鑒}-討樹機能，卒不能克。
In the sixth month, on wuwu, Hu Lie attacked the Xianbei leader Tufa Shujineng at Wanhudui, was routed, and killed. Fufeng prince Sima Liang, commanding Yong and Liang, sent Liu Qi to the rescue; Qi hesitated on the march and never engaged. Liang was demoted to Pacifier of the West; Liu Qi was sentenced to death. Liang pleaded: "Command failure rests on me—I ask that Liu Qi be spared execution." The edict read: "If Qi is not to blame, the guilt must lie elsewhere." Liang was dismissed from office. Shi Jian of Leling was dispatched as acting Pacifier of the West to command Qin Province and suppress Shujineng. Shujineng's forces were formidable; Jian ordered Qin inspector Du Yu to take the field against him. Du Yu argued that the enemy, flush with victory and well-mounted, would overwhelm troops short on supplies; they should mass transport of fodder and grain and strike in spring. Jian reported Du Yu for delaying the campaign; Yu was carted to the Minister of Justice and ransomed his sentence. Jian then campaigned against Shujineng but failed to defeat him.
84
秋，七月，乙巳，城陽王景度卒。
In autumn, on yisi in the seventh month, Prince Jingdu of Chengyang died.
85
丁未，以汝陰王駿爲鎭西大將軍，都督雍、涼等州諸軍事，鎭關中。
On dingwei, Prince Ru'nan Sima Jun was named Grand General Who Pacifies the West, given Yong and Liang, and posted to guard Guanzhong.
86
冬，十一月，立皇子東爲汝南王。
In winter, in the eleventh month, Prince Dong was enfeoffed as Prince of Ru'nan.
87
呉主從弟前將軍秀爲夏口督，呉主惡之，民間皆言秀當見圖。 會呉主遣何定將兵五千人獵夏口，秀驚，夜將妻子、親兵數百人來奔。 十二月，拜秀驃騎將軍、開府儀同三司，封會稽公。
The Wu ruler's cousin, former general Sun Xiu, held Xiakou; Sun Hao distrusted him, and rumor held that Xiu would be destroyed. When Sun Hao sent He Ding with five thousand men to hunt near Xiakou, Xiu panicked and fled by night with his wife, kin, and a few hundred guards to surrender to Jin. In the twelfth month, Xiu was made Rapid Cavalry General with Three Excellencies privileges and Duke of Kuaiji.
88
是歳，呉大赦。
That year Wu declared a general amnesty.
89
初，魏人居南匈奴五部-{於}-并州諸郡，與中國民雜居； 自謂其先漢氏外孫，因改姓劉氏。
Earlier the Wei had settled the five Southern Xiongnu divisions in Bing Province commanderies, intermingled with Han subjects; claiming descent from the Han imperial line, they took the surname Liu.
90
春，正月，匈奴右賢王劉猛叛出塞。
In spring, in the first month, Xiongnu Right Worthy King Liu Meng rebelled and fled beyond the frontier.
91
豫州刺史石-{鑒}-坐撃呉軍虚張首級，詔曰：「-{鑒}-備大臣，吾所取信，而乃下同爲詐，義得爾乎！ 今遣歸田-{里}-，終身不得-{復}-用。」
Yu inspector Shi Jian was punished for inflating enemy heads after fighting Wu; the edict said: "Jian is a minister I trusted—yet he joined his men in fraud. Where is the righteousness in that? Send him home to his village and never employ him again."
92
呉人刁玄詐增讖文-{云}-：「黃旗紫蓋，見-{於}-東南，終有天下者，荊、揚之君。」 呉主信之。 是月晦，大舉兵出華-{里}-，載太-{后}-、皇-{后}-及-{後}-宮數千人，從牛渚西上。 東觀令華譖等固諫，不-{聽}-。 行遇大雪，道塗陷壞，兵士被甲持仗，百人共引一車，寒凍殆死，皆曰：「若遇敵，便當倒戈。」 呉主聞之，乃還。 帝遣義陽王望統中軍二萬、騎三千屯壽春以備之，聞呉師退，乃罷。
A Wu man named Diao Xuan forged a prophecy: "Yellow banners and a purple canopy will appear in the southeast—the ruler of Jing and Yang will win the realm." Sun Hao believed it. On the month's last day he marched a huge host from Huali, taking the empress dowager, empress, and thousands of palace women upriver from Niuzhu. Eastern Observatory director Hua Yi and others protested in vain. Snow blocked the roads; armored men had to haul wagons a hundred to a team and nearly froze. They muttered: "If we meet the enemy, we'll turn our blades around." When Sun Hao heard, he turned back. The emperor sent Prince Yiyang Sima Wang with twenty thousand foot and three thousand horse to Shouchun; hearing Wu had withdrawn, he stood the army down.
93
三月，丙戌，巨鹿元公裴秀卒。
In the third month, on bingxu, Pei Xiu, Duke Yuan of Julu, died.
94
夏，四月，呉交州刺史陶璜襲九眞太守董元，殺之； 楊稷以其將王素代之。
In summer, in the fourth month, Wu's Jiaozhi inspector Tao Huang raided Jiuzhen governor Dong Yuan and killed him; Yang Ji installed his officer Wang Su as governor.
95
北地胡寇金城，涼州刺史牽弘討之。 衆胡皆内叛，與樹機能共圍弘-{於}-靑山，弘軍敗而死。
Beidi Hu raided Jincheng; Liang inspector Qian Hong marched against them. The tribes rose within and, with Shujineng, trapped Hong at Qingshan; his army was crushed and he was killed.
96
初，大司馬陳騫言-{於}-帝曰：「胡烈、牽弘皆勇而無謀，強-{於}-自用，非綏邊之材也，將爲國恥。」 時弘爲揚州刺史，多不承順騫命，帝以爲騫與弘不協而毀之，-{於}-是-{征}-弘，旣至，尋-{復}-以爲涼州刺史。 騫竊歎息，以爲必敗。 二人果失羌戎之和，兵敗身沒，-{征}-討連年，僅而能定，帝乃悔之。
Earlier Grand Marshal Chen Qian had warned the emperor: "Hu Lie and Qian Hong are brave but rash and self-willed—not men to pacify the frontier. They will bring the state shame." Hong was then Yang inspector and often ignored Qian's orders; the emperor assumed personal rivalry and recalled Hong—only to send him back west as Liang inspector. Qian sighed privately, certain they would fail. Both lost the tribes' goodwill, were defeated and killed; campaigns dragged on for years before order returned—and the emperor regretted his choice.
97
五月，立皇子憲爲城陽王。
In the fifth month, Prince Xian was enfeoffed as Prince of Chengyang.
98
辛-{丑}-，義陽成王望卒。
On xinchou, Prince Yiyang Sima Wang died.
99
侍中、尚書令、車騎將軍賈充，自文帝時寵任用事。 帝之爲太子，充頗有力，故益有寵-{於}-帝。 充爲人巧諂，與太尉、行太子太傅荀顗、侍中、中書監荀勗、越騎校尉安平馮紞相爲黨友，朝野惡之。 帝問侍中裴楷以方今得失，對曰：「陛下受命，四海承風，所以未比德-{於}-堯、舜者，但以賈充之徒尚在朝耳。 宜引天下賢人，與弘政道，不宜示人以私。 侍中樂安任愷、河南尹穎川庾純皆與充不協，充欲解其近職，乃-{薦}-愷忠貞，宜在東宮； 帝以愷爲太子少傅，而侍中如故。 會樹機能亂秦、雍，帝以爲憂，愷曰：「宜得威望重臣有智略者以鎭撫之。」 帝曰：「誰可者？」 愷因-{薦}-充，純亦稱之。 秋，七月，癸酉，以充爲都督秦、涼二州諸軍事，侍中、車騎將軍如故； 充患之。
Attendant-in-Ordinary, Director of the Masters of Writing, and Cavalry General Jia Chong had enjoyed favor and power since Emperor Wen's reign. He had aided the emperor as crown prince, and his influence only grew after the succession. Crafty and obsequious, Chong banded with Grand Commandant Xun Yi, Palace Secretary Xun Xu, and Rapid Cavalry Commandant Feng Dan; court and country loathed the clique. The emperor asked Attendant Pei Kai about the state's strengths and faults; Kai answered: "Your Majesty holds the Mandate and the realm obeys—yet you fall short of Yao and Shun chiefly because Jia Chong and his like still sit in court. Summon the worthy from across the realm and govern openly—do not parade private favor. Attendants Ren Kai of Le'an and Henan intendant Yu Chun opposed Chong; Chong sought to move them from court and praised Kai's loyalty as fit for the heir's household— the emperor made Kai crown prince junior tutor but kept him as attendant. When Shujineng ravaged Qin and Yong, the emperor was anxious; Kai said: "You need a senior commander of weight and strategy to pacify the frontier." The emperor asked: "Who would serve?" Kai recommended Chong; Chun seconded him. In autumn, on guiyou in the seventh month, Chong was named to command Qin and Liang while retaining attendant and cavalry general titles; Chong dreaded the assignment.
100
呉大都督薛珝與陶璜等兵十萬，共攻交趾，城中糧盡援絶，爲呉所陷，虜楊稷、毛炅等。 璜愛炅勇健，欲活之，炅謀殺璜，璜乃殺之。 脩則之子允，生剖其腹，割其肝，曰：「-{復}-能作賊不？」 炅猶罵曰：「恨不殺汝孫皓，汝父何死狗也！」 王素欲逃歸南中，呉人獲之，九眞、日南皆降-{於}-呉。 呉大赦，以陶璜爲交州牧。 璜討降夷獠，州境皆平。
Wu grand coordinator Xue Xu and Tao Huang led a hundred thousand men against Jiaozhi; when the city starved and relief failed, it fell; Yang Ji, Mao Jing, and others were taken. Huang admired Mao Jing's valor and meant to spare him; Jing plotted to kill Huang, and Huang executed him. Xiu Ze's son Yun, while Jing still lived, cut open his belly and carved out his liver, sneering: "Still playing rebel? Jing cursed to the end: "I only regret not killing your grandson Sun Hao—your father died like a cur!" Wang Su tried to flee south; Wu seized him, and Jiuzhen and Rinan submitted. Wu amnestied the realm and made Tao Huang Jiaozhi inspector. Huang subdued the tribal Yi and Liao until the province was quiet.
101
八月，丙申，城陽王憲卒。
In the eighth month, on bingshen, Prince Xian of Chengyang died.
102
分益州南中四郡置-{寧}-州。
Four southern Yi Province commanderies were split off as Ning Province.
103
九月，呉司空孟仁卒。
In the ninth month, Wu Minister of Works Meng Ren died.
104
冬，十月，丁-{丑}-朔，日有食之。
In winter, on the first day dingchou of the tenth month, the sun was eclipsed.
105
十一月，劉猛寇并州，并州刺史劉欽等撃破之。
In the eleventh month, Liu Meng raided Bing; inspector Liu Qin routed him.
106
賈充將之鎭，公卿餞-{於}-夕陽亭。 充私問計-{於}-荀勗，勗曰：「公爲宰相，乃爲一夫所-{制}-，不亦鄙乎！ 然是行也，辭之實難，獨有結婚太子，可不辭而自留矣。」 充曰：「然孰可寄懷？」 勗曰：「勗請言之。」 因謂馮紞曰：「賈公遠出，吾等失勢。 太子婚尚未定，何不勸帝納賈公之女乎！」 紞亦然之。 初，帝將納衞瓘女爲太子妃，充妻郭槐賂楊-{后}-左右，使-{后}-説帝，求納其女。 帝曰：「衞公女有五可，賈公女有五不可：衞氏-{種}-賢而多子，美而長、白； 賈氏-{種}-妬而少子，-{丑}-而短、黑。」 -{后}-固以爲請，荀顗、荀勗、馮瓘皆稱充女絶美，且有-{才}-德，帝遂從之。 留充-{復}-居舊任。
As Jia Chong prepared to take up frontier command, ministers saw him off at Xiyang Pavilion. Chong quietly asked Xun Xu for advice; Xu said: "You are chief minister yet one man dictates your fate—is that not shameful? Still, this posting is hard to refuse—only a marriage alliance with the heir can keep you at court without refusing outright." Chong asked: "Whom should I trust?" Xu said: "Leave it to me." He told Feng Dan: "Once Jia leaves, we lose our footing. The heir's marriage is unsettled—urge the emperor to take Jia's daughter!" Feng Dan agreed. The emperor had favored Wei Guan's daughter for crown princess; Chong's wife Guo Huai bribed the empress's women to plead for her daughter. The emperor said: "Wei's daughter has five virtues; Jia's has five faults—Wei's line is noble and fertile, her beauty tall and fair; Jia's line is jealous and barren, her looks short and dark." The empress pressed hard; Xun Yi, Xun Xu, and Feng Dan praised Jia's daughter as peerless in beauty and talent—and the emperor yielded. Chong was kept at his old posts.
107
十二月，以光祿大夫鄭袤爲司空，袤固辭不受。
In the twelfth month, Palace Counselor Zheng Mao was offered Minister of Works; he firmly declined.
108
是歳，安樂思公劉禪卒。
That year Liu Shan, Reflective Duke of Anle, died.
109
呉以武昌都督廣陵-{范}-愼爲太尉。 右將軍司馬丁奉卒。
Wu made Wuchang supervisor Fan Shen of Guangling grand commandant. Right general Ding Feng died.
110
呉改明年元曰鳳凰。
Wu adopted the reign title Fenghuang for the coming year.
111
春，正月，監軍何楨討劉猛，屢破之，潛以利誘其左部帥李恪，恪殺猛以降。
In spring, supervisory commander He Zhen repeatedly defeated Liu Meng, then bribed his left commander Li Ke, who killed Meng and surrendered.
112
二月，辛卯，皇太子納賈妃。 妃年十五，長-{於}-太子二歳，妬忌多權詐，太子嬖而畏之。
In the second month, on xinmao, the crown prince wed Lady Jia. She was fifteen—two years older than the heir—jealous and scheming; he adored and feared her.
113
壬辰，安平獻王孚卒，年九十三。 孚性忠愼，宣帝執政，孚常自退損。 -{後}-逢廢立之際，未嘗預謀。 景、文二帝以孚屬尊，亦不敢逼。 及帝卽位，恩禮尤重。 元會，詔孚乘輿上殿，帝-{於}-阼階迎拜。 旣坐，親奉觴上壽，如家人禮。 帝毎拜，孚跪而止之。 孚雖見尊寵，不以爲榮，常有憂色。 臨終，遺令曰：「有魏貞士河内司馬孚字叔達，不伊不周，不夷不惠，立身行道，終始若一。 當衣以時服，斂以素棺。」 詔賜東園温明秘器，諸所施行，皆依漢東平獻王故事。 其家遵孚遺旨，所給器物，一不施用。
On renchen, Prince Anping Sima Fu died at ninety-three. Fu was loyal and cautious; under Emperor Xuan he always kept a modest distance from power. Through the coups that raised and deposed emperors, he never plotted. Emperors Jing and Wen, respecting his seniority, never pressed him. Under the present emperor his honors were especially lavish. At the New Year audience the emperor had Fu ride the imperial carriage to the hall and met him bowing at the throne steps. Seated, he personally offered the longevity cup with family ceremony. Each time the emperor bowed, Fu knelt to forbid it. Though honored at court, Fu took no pride in it and often looked troubled. On his deathbed he wrote: "I am Sima Fu of Henei, styled Shuda, a loyal gentleman of Wei—neither partisan nor recluse, neither zealot nor cynic; in conduct I have been one man from first to last. Dress me in ordinary clothes and bury me in a plain coffin." The court granted the Eastern Garden funeral regalia and followed Han precedent for Prince Xian of Dongping. The family obeyed his will and used none of the imperial gifts.
114
帝與右將國皇甫陶論事，陶與帝爭言，散騎常侍鄭徽表請罪之，帝曰：「忠讜之言，唯患不聞。 徽越職妄奏，豈朕之意！」 遂免徽官。
The emperor debated policy with Right General Huangfu Tao, who spoke bluntly. Regular Attendant Zheng Hui asked that Tao be punished; the emperor said: "I only fear not hearing honest counsel. Hui overstepped his office—how is that my intent!" Hui was dismissed instead.
115
夏，汶山白馬胡侵掠諸-{種}-，益州刺史皇甫晏欲討之。 典學從事蜀郡何旅等諫曰：「胡夷相殘，固其常性，未爲大患。 今盛夏出軍，水潦將降，必有疾疫，宜須秋、冬圖之。」 晏不-{聽}-。 胡康木子燒香言軍出必敗，晏以爲沮衆，斬之。 軍至觀阪，牙門張弘等以汶山道險，且畏胡衆，因夜作亂，殺晏，軍中驚擾，兵曹從事犍爲楊倉勒兵力戰而死。 弘遂誣晏，-{云}-「率己共反」，故殺之，傳首京師。 晏主簿蜀郡何攀，方居母喪，聞之，詣洛-{證}-晏不反，弘等縱兵抄掠。 廣漢主簿李毅言-{於}-太守弘農王濬曰：「皇甫侯起自諸生，何求而反！ 且廣漢與成都密邇，而統-{於}-梁州者，朝廷欲以-{制}-益州之衿領，正防今日之變也。 今益州有亂，乃此郡之憂也。 張弘小豎，衆所不與，宜卽時赴討，不可失也。」 濬欲先上請，毅曰：「殺主之賊，爲惡尤大，當不拘常-{制}-，何請之有！」 濬乃-{發}-兵討弘。 詔以濬爲益州刺史。 濬撃弘，斬之，夷三族。 封濬關内侯。
In summer the Wenshan White Horse Hu raided tribal lands; Yi inspector Huangfu Yan prepared to attack. Classics instructor He Lü of Shu and others warned: "Barbarians fighting one another is their custom—not yet a grave threat. A summer campaign means floods and plague—wait until autumn or winter." Yan refused. A Hu shaman named Kang Muzi burned incense and prophesied defeat; Yan executed him for demoralizing the army. At Guanban, gate officer Zhang Hong and others, fearing the narrow Wenshan road and the Hu, mutinied by night, killed Yan, and threw the army into chaos; military clerk Yang Cang of Jianwei fought to the death. Hong then claimed Yan had led a mutiny, killed him, and sent his head to Luoyang. Yan's chief clerk He Pan of Shu, though mourning his mother, hurried to Luoyang to prove Yan's innocence while Hong's men looted. Guanghan chief clerk Li Yi told prefect Prince Jun of Hongnong: "Huangfu Yan was a scholar-official—what could he gain by rebellion? Guanghan lies near Chengdu yet answers to Liang Province precisely so the court can choke Yi's throat—this crisis is exactly what that arrangement was meant to prevent. Yi Province's turmoil is our commandery's crisis. Zhang Hong is a nobody the troops despise—strike now or lose the chance." Jun wanted to ask the court first; Yi said: "Killing one's commander is the gravest crime—no time for formalities!" Jun marched against Hong. The court named Jun Yi Province inspector. Jun killed Hong and exterminated his clan to the third degree. Jun was enfeoffed as a marquis within the passes.
116
初，濬爲羊祜參軍，祜深知之。 祜兄子暨白濬「爲人-{志}-大奢侈，不可專任，宜有以裁之。」 祜曰：「濬有大-{才}-，將以濟其所欲，必可用也。」 更轉爲車騎從事中郎。 濬在益州，明立威信，蠻夷多歸附之； 俄遷大司農。 時帝與羊祜陰謀伐呉，祜以爲伐呉宜藉上流之勢，密表留濬-{復}-爲益州刺史，使治水軍。 尋加龍驤將軍，監益、梁諸軍事。
Earlier Jun had served as Yang Hu's aide; Hu knew his worth. Hu's nephew Ji warned Jun: "He is ambitious and extravagant—do not give him sole authority without checks." Hu replied: "Jun has great talent; let him pursue his aims and he will serve us well." Jun was transferred to the cavalry secretariat. In Yi Province Jun won trust and many tribes submitted; soon he was promoted to Grand Minister of Agriculture. The emperor and Yang Hu were plotting against Wu; Hu argued the attack must use the upper Yangtze and secretly had Jun returned to Yi as inspector to build a river fleet. Soon he was named Dragon Cavalry General overseeing Yi and Liang.
117
詔濬罷屯田兵，大作舟艦。 別駕何攀以爲「屯田兵不過五六百人，作船不能猝辦，-{後}-者未成，前者已腐。 宜召諸郡兵合萬-{餘}-人造之，歳終可成。」 濬欲先上須報，攀曰：「朝廷猝聞召萬兵，必不-{聽}-； 不如輒召，設當見卻，功夫已成，勢不得止。」 濬從之，令攀典造舟艦器仗。 -{於}-是作大艦，長百二十歩，受二千-{餘}-人，以木爲城，起樓櫓，開四出門，其上皆得馳馬往來。 時作船木柿，蔽江而下，呉建平太守呉郡吾彦取流柿以白呉主曰：「晉必有攻呉之計，宜增建平兵以塞其-{衝}-要。」 呉主不從。 彦乃爲鐵鎖橫斷江路。
The court ordered Jun to disband garrison farmers and build a great fleet. Deputy inspector He Pan argued: "Garrison farmers number only five or six hundred—ships built that slowly will rot before they launch. Summon more than ten thousand men from the commanderies; the fleet can be ready within the year." Jun wanted court approval first; Pan said: "If the court hears you are raising ten thousand men, it will refuse— better summon them now; even if rebuked, once the work is done they cannot stop you." Jun agreed and put Pan in charge of shipbuilding and armaments. They built giants a hundred twenty paces long, each holding two thousand men, with wooden ramparts, towers, and four gates wide enough for horsemen to ride through. Shipbuilding chips choked the river downstream; Wu's Jianping inspector Wu Yan collected the driftwood and warned Sun Hao: "Jin is preparing to attack—reinforce Jianping and block the Yangtze throat." Sun Hao ignored him. Yan stretched iron chains across the river instead.
118
王濬雖受中-{制}-募兵，而無虎符； 廣漢太守敦煌張斆收濬從事列上。 帝召斅還，責曰：「何不密啓而便收從事？」 斆曰：「蜀、漢絶遠，劉備嘗用之矣。 輒收，臣猶以爲輕。」 帝善之。
Wang Jun had imperial authorization to raise troops but no tiger tally; Guanghan inspector Zhang Xiao of Dunhuang arrested Jun's staff and reported upward. The emperor recalled Xiao and rebuked him: "Why arrest his staff instead of reporting privately?" Xiao replied: "Shu is far from the capital—Liu Bei once did the same. Even immediate arrest seemed too mild to me." The emperor approved.
119
壬辰，大赦。
On renchen the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
120
秋，七月，以賈充爲司空，侍中、尚書令、領兵如故。 充與侍中任愷皆爲帝所寵任，充欲專名勢，而忌愷，-{於}-是朝士各有所附，朋黨紛然。 帝知之，召充、愷宴-{於}-式-{乾}-殿而謂之曰：「朝廷宜一，大臣當和。」 充、愷各拜謝。 旣而充、愷以帝已知而不責，愈無所憚，外相崇重，内怨益深。 充乃-{薦}-愷爲吏部尚書，愷侍覲轉希，充因與荀勗、馮紞承間共譖之，愷由是得罪，廢-{於}-家。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Jia Chong was made Minister of Works while retaining attendant, director, and troop commands. Chong and attendant Ren Kai were both favorites; Chong sought sole dominance and resented Kai, and court factions formed. The emperor summoned both to feast in Shiqian Hall and said: "The court must be united; ministers must be at peace." Both bowed in thanks. Knowing the emperor would not punish them, they grew bolder—outward courtesy, inward hatred. Chong had Kai made personnel director, then with Xun Xu and Feng Dan slandered him until Kai was ruined and sent home.
121
八月，呉主-{征}-昭武將軍、西陵督歩闡。 闡世在西陵，猝被徽，自以失職，且懼有讒，九月，-{據}-城來降，遣兄子璣、璿詣洛陽爲任。 詔以闡爲都督西陵諸軍事、衞將軍、開府儀同三司、侍中，領交州牧，封宜都公。
In the eighth month the Wu ruler summoned Rapid Tiger general and Xiling supervisor Bu Chan. The Bu clan had held Xiling for generations; the sudden summons convinced Chan he was disgraced and doomed; in the ninth month he surrendered the city and sent his nephews Ji and Xuan to Luoyang as hostages. The court made Chan Xiling commander, Defender General with Three Excellencies honors, attendant, Jiaozhi inspector, and Duke of Yidu.
122
冬，十月，辛未朔，日有食之。
In winter, on the first day xinwei of the tenth month, the sun was eclipsed.
123
敦煌太守尹璩卒。 涼州刺史楊欣表敦煌令梁澄領太守。 功曹宋質輒廢澄，表議郎令狐-{豐}-爲太守。 楊欣遣兵之計，爲質所敗。
Dunhuang inspector Yin Fan died. Liang inspector Yang Xin recommended Dunhuang magistrate Liang Cheng as acting inspector. Recorder Song Zhi deposed Cheng and named Gentleman for Discussion Linghu Feng inspector. Yang Xin sent troops against him and was defeated.
124
呉陸抗聞歩闡叛，亟遣將軍左弈、吾彦等討之。 帝遣荊州刺史楊肇迎闡-{於}-西陵，車騎將軍羊祜帥歩軍出江陵，巴東監軍徐胤帥水軍撃建平，以救闡。 陸抗敕西陵諸軍-{築}-嚴圍，自赤谿至-{於}-故市，内以圍闡，外以-{御}-晉兵，晝夜催切，如敵已至，衆甚苦之。 諸將諫曰：「今宜及三軍之鋭，急攻闡，比晉救至，必可拔也，何事-{於}-圍，以敝士民之力！」 抗曰：「此城處勢旣固，糧-{穀}-又足，且凡備-{御}-之具，皆抗所宿規，今反攻之，不可猝拔。 北兵至而無備，表-{裡}-受難，何以-{御}-之！」 諸將皆欲攻闡，抗欲服衆心，-{聽}-令一攻，果無利。 圍備始合，而羊祜兵五萬至江陵。 諸將-{咸}-以抗不宜上，抗曰：「江陵城固兵足，無可憂者。 假令敵得江陵，必不能守，所損者小。 若晉-{據}-西陵，則南山群夷皆當擾動，其患不可量也！」 乃自帥衆赴西陵。
Hearing of Bu Chan's defection, Wu's Lu Kang sent Zuo Yi, Wu Yan, and others to suppress him. The emperor sent Jing inspector Yang Zhao to relieve Xiling, cavalry general Yang Hu with infantry from Jiangling, and Badong supervisor Xu Yin with the fleet against Jianping—all to save Chan. Lu Kang ringed Xiling from Chixi to the old market, besieging Chan within and blocking Jin without, driving the work day and night as if the enemy were already there—the troops suffered terribly. Generals urged: "Strike now with the army's full edge—take Chan before Jin arrives! Why exhaust men building walls?" Kang replied: "The position is strong, grain ample, and every defense was of my own design—an assault cannot succeed quickly. When Jin comes we will be caught inside and out—how then can we hold?" The generals still wanted to attack; to convince them Kang allowed one assault—it failed as he predicted. The ring had just closed when Yang Hu's fifty thousand men reached Jiangling. Officers said Kang should not march upstream; he answered: "Jiangling is strong and well garrisoned— even if the enemy took Jiangling they could not hold it—the loss would be slight. But if Jin holds Xiling, the southern mountain tribes will rise—the disaster would be beyond measure!" He marched to Xiling himself.
125
初，抗以江陵之北，道路平易，敕江陵督張-{咸}-作大堰遏水，漸漬平土以絶寇叛。 羊祜欲因所遏水以船運糧，揚聲將破堰以通歩軍。 抗聞之，使-{咸}-亟破之。 諸將皆惑，屢諫，不-{聽}-。 祜至當陽，聞堰敗，乃改船以車運糧，大費功力。
Earlier Kang had ordered Jiangling supervisor Zhang Xian to dam the easy roads north of Jiangling and flood the flats to block raiders. Yang Hu planned to ship grain through the reservoir and publicly threatened to breach the dam for an infantry route. Kang heard and ordered Xian to destroy the dam at once. Officers were baffled and protested repeatedly; he ignored them. Hu reached Dangyang, found the dam gone, and hauled grain by cart at enormous cost.
126
十一月，楊肇至西陵。 陸抗令公安督孫遵循南岸-{御}-羊祜，水軍督留慮拒徐胤，抗自將大軍憑圍對肇。 將軍朱喬營都督兪贊亡詣肇。 抗曰：「贊軍中舊吏，知吾虚實。 吾常慮夷兵素不簡練，若敵攻圍，必先此處。」 卽夜易夷兵，皆以精兵守之。 明日，肇果攻故夷兵處。 抗命撃之，矢石雨下，肇衆傷、死者相屬。 十二月，肇計屈，夜遁。 抗欲追之，而慮歩闡畜力伺間，兵不足分，-{於}-是但鳴鼓戒衆，若將追者。 肇衆兇懼，悉解甲挺走。 抗使輕兵躡之，肇兵大敗，祜等皆引軍還。 抗遂拔西陵，誅闡及同謀將吏數十人，皆夷三族，自-{餘}-所請赦者數萬口。 東還樂鄕，貌無矜色，謙-{沖}-如常。 呉主加抗都護。 羊祜坐貶平南將軍，楊肇免爲庶人。
In the eleventh month Yang Zhao reached Xiling. Lu Kang posted Gong'an supervisor Sun Zun on the south bank against Yang Hu, water commander Liu Lü against Xu Yin, and faced Zhao with the main force behind the siege lines. General Zhu Qiao's camp supervisor Yu Zan defected to Zhao. Kang said: "Zan knows our dispositions— I have always feared our tribal auxiliaries are poorly trained; if the enemy assaults the ring, they will strike here first." That night he replaced the tribal guards with elite troops. Next day Zhao attacked exactly that sector. Kang counterattacked; arrows and stones rained down; Zhao's men fell in heaps. In the twelfth month Zhao's plans failed and he fled by night. Kang wanted to pursue but feared Chan would strike if he divided his force; he only beat drums as if giving chase. Zhao's terrified troops threw off armor and fled. Light troops harried them; Zhao was routed; Hu and the others withdrew. Kang took Xiling, executed Chan and dozens of conspirators with their clans to the third degree, and spared tens of thousands besides. He returned to Lexiang without a trace of triumph, as modest as ever. Sun Hao made Kang grand coordinator as well. Yang Hu was demoted to Pacifier of the South; Yang Zhao was reduced to commoner status.
127
呉主旣克西陵，自謂得天助，-{志}-益張大，使-{術}-士尚廣筮取天下，對曰：「吉。 庚子歳，靑蓋當入洛陽。」 呉主喜，不修德政，專爲兼-{併}-之計。
After taking Xiling, Sun Hao thought Heaven favored him; his ambitions swelled; technician Shang Guang divined the realm's fate and answered: "Auspicious. In the gengzi year the imperial canopy will enter Luoyang." Delighted, Sun Hao neglected virtue and threw himself into schemes of conquest.
128
賈充與朝士宴飲，河南尹庾純醉，與充爭言。 充曰：「父老，不歸供養，卿爲無天地！」 純曰：「髙貴鄕公何在？」 充慚怒，上表解職； 純亦上表自劾。 詔免純官，仍下五府正其臧否。 石苞以爲純榮官忘親，當除名，齊王攸等以爲純-{於}-禮律未有違。 詔從攸議，-{復}-以純爲國子祭酒。
At a feast with courtiers, drunken Henan intendant Yu Chun quarreled with Jia Chong. Chong sneered: "You're old yet neglect your parents—you have no regard for Heaven and Earth! Chun shot back: "Where is the Duke of Gaogui Township?" Humiliated, Chong memorialized to resign; Chun impeached himself as well. The court dismissed Chun and referred both men to the Five Offices for judgment. Shi Bao argued Chun had abandoned his parents for office and should be struck from the rolls; Prince Qi Sima You held he had broken no law. The emperor sided with Sima You and restored Chun as director of the National University.
129
呉主之-{遊}-華-{里}-也，右丞相萬彧與右大司馬丁奉、左將軍留平密謀曰：「若至華-{里}-不歸，社稷事重，不得不自還。」 呉主頗聞之，以彧等舊臣，隱忍不-{發}-。 是歳，呉主因會，以毒酒飲彧，傳酒人私減之。 又飲留平，平覺之，服他藥以解，得不死。 彧自殺； 平憂懣，月-{餘}-亦死。 徙彧子弟-{於}-廬陵。
During Sun Hao's tour of Huali, right chancellor Wan Yu, right grand marshal Ding Feng, and left general Liu Ping plotted: "If he reaches Huali and does not return, we must bring the court home ourselves." Sun Hao heard rumors but, treating them as veteran ministers, held his anger in check. That year at a banquet Sun Hao gave Yu poisoned wine; the server secretly diluted it. He then tried Liu Ping, who sensed the poison, took an antidote, and survived. Yu killed himself; Ping, crushed by grief, died within a month. Yu's family was exiled to Luling.
130
初，彧請選忠淸之士以補近職，呉主以大司農樓玄爲宮下鎭，主殿中事。 玄正身帥衆，奉法而行，應對切直，呉主浸不悅。 中書令領太子太傅賀邵上疎諫曰：「自頃年以來，朝列紛錯，眞偽相貿，忠良排墜，信臣被害。 是以正士摧方而庸臣苟媚，先意承指，各希時趣。 人執反理之評，士吐詭道之論，遂使淸流變濁，忠臣結舌。 陛下處九天之上，隱百-{里}-之室，言出風靡，令行景從。 親洽寵媚之臣，日聞順意之辭，將謂此輩實賢而天下已平也。 臣聞興國之君樂聞其過，荒亂之主樂聞其譽； 聞其過者過日消而福臻，聞其譽者譽日損而禍至。 陛下嚴刑法以禁直辭，黜善士以逆諫口，杯酒造次，死生不保，仕者以退爲幸，居者以出爲福，誠非所以保光洪緒，熙隆道化也。 何定本-{僕}-隸小人，身無行能，而陛下愛其佞媚，假以威福。 夫小人求入，必進-{奸}-利。 定間者忘興事役，-{發}-江邊戍兵以驅麋鹿，老弱饑凍，大小怨歎。 《傳》曰：『國之興也，視民如赤子； 其亡也，以民爲草芥。』 今法禁轉苛，賦調益繁，中官、近臣所在興事，而長吏畏罪，苦民求辦。 是以人力不堪，家戸離散，呼嗟之聲，感傷和氣。 今國無一年之儲，家無經月之蓄，而-{後}-宮之中坐食者萬有-{餘}-人。 又，北敵注目，伺國盛衰，長江之限，不可久恃，苟我不能守，一葦可杭也。 -{願}-陛下-{豐}-基強本，割情從道，則成、康之治興，聖祖之祚隆矣！」 呉主深恨之。
Earlier Yu had urged appointing upright men to court posts; Sun Hao made grand minister Lou Xuan palace commander overseeing the inner palace. Lou Xuan led by example and spoke plainly; Sun Hao grew to dislike him. Palace secretary and crown prince tutor He Shao memorialized: "In recent years court ranks have tangled, the loyal have been cast down, and trusted ministers destroyed. Upright men are broken while flatterers anticipate your every whim. Reason is reversed and loyal tongues are silenced—the clear stream has turned foul. Your Majesty sits above the nine heavens, hidden a hundred li deep; your word is wind, your command shadow. Daily you hear sycophants and will think the realm already at peace. Sagely rulers love to hear their faults; ruined rulers love praise alone. Hearing faults diminishes faults and brings blessing; hearing praise diminishes virtue and brings calamity. You forbid honest speech with harsh law, drive away good men, and with a cup of wine decide life or death—officials pray to retire, commoners pray to flee. This cannot preserve the dynasty or uplift the realm. He Ding was a menial slave without ability, yet Your Majesty favors his flattery and grants him power. Petty men who seek favor always bring treachery in their train. Ding lately diverted border garrisons to hunt elk—the aged froze and starved, and the people groaned. The Documents say: 'When a state rises, it treats the people as infants; when it falls, it treats them as weeds.' Laws grow crueler and taxes heavier; palace agents launch projects everywhere while terrified magistrates squeeze the people to deliver. Strength fails, families scatter, and the people's sighs poison the realm's harmony. The state lacks a year's stores, families a month's grain, yet more than ten thousand palace women eat without labor. The northern foe watches our strength; the Yangtze barrier will not hold forever—if we fail to defend it, a reed raft will carry the enemy across. Enrich the foundation, follow the Way, and the age of Cheng and Kang may return—the holy ancestor's throne will endure!" Sun Hao hated him bitterly.
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-{於}-是左右共誣樓玄、賀邵相逢，駐共耳語大笑，謗訕政事，倶被詰責。 送玄付廣州，邵原-{復}-職。 旣而-{復}-徙玄-{於}-交趾，竟殺之。 久之，何定-{奸}-穢-{發}-聞，亦伏誅。
Court flatterers claimed Lou Xuan and He Shao had met, whispered, and mocked policy; both were interrogated. Xuan was sent to Guangzhou; Shao briefly kept his post. Soon Xuan was moved to Jiaozhi and killed. In time He Ding's crimes surfaced and he too was executed.
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羊祜歸自江陵，務修德信以懷呉人。 毎交兵，刻日方戰，不爲掩襲之計。 將帥有欲進譎計者，輒飲以醇酒，使不得言。 祜出軍行呉境，刈-{穀}-爲糧，皆計所侵，送絹償之。 毎會衆江、沔-{遊}-獵，常止晉地，若禽獸先爲呉人所傷而爲晉兵所得者，皆送還之。 -{於}-是呉邊人皆悅服。 祜與陸抗對境，使命常通。 抗遺祜酒，祜飲之不疑； 抗疾，求藥-{於}-祜，祜以成藥與之，抗卽服之。 人多諫抗，抗曰：「豈有鴆人羊叔子哉！」 抗告其邊戍曰：「彼專爲德，我專爲暴，是不戰而自服也。 各保分界而已，無求細利。」 呉主聞二境交和，以詰抗，抗曰：「一邑一鄕不可以無信義，況大國乎！ 臣不如此，正是彰其德，-{於}-祜無傷也。」
Returning from Jiangling, Yang Hu cultivated virtue and trust to win Wu hearts. Whenever armies met, he fixed a day for battle and forbade surprise attacks. Generals who proposed stratagems he plied with wine until they fell silent. Marching through Wu he requisitioned grain but paid for every measure in silk. Hunting on the Jiang and Han he kept to Jin ground and returned game first wounded by Wu. Wu border folk submitted willingly. Facing Lu Kang across the border, Yang Hu exchanged envoys freely. Kang sent wine; Hu drank without suspicion; when Kang fell ill he asked Yang Hu for medicine and took the dose Hu sent at once. Advisers protested; Kang said: "Would Uncle Yang poison me?" He told his border troops: "They practice virtue, we practice violence—we defeat ourselves without fighting. Hold the line and seek no petty gain." Sun Hao questioned the truce; Kang answered: "Even a village needs trust—how much more a great state! By matching his courtesy I only display his virtue—it harms Yang Hu not at all."
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呉主用諸將之謀，數侵盜晉邊。 陸抗上疎曰：「昔有夏多罪而殷湯用師，紂作淫虐而周武授鉞。 苟無其時，雖-{復}-大聖，亦宜養威自保，不可輕動也。 今不務力農富國，審官任能，明黜陟，愼刑賞，訓諸司以德，撫百姓以仁，而-{聽}-諸將徇名，窮兵黷武，動費萬計，士卒調瘁，寇不爲衰而我已大病矣。 今爭帝王之資而昧十百之利，此人臣之-{奸}-便，非國家之良策也！ 昔齊、魯三戰，魯人再克，而亡不旋踵。 何則？ 大小之勢異也。 況今師所克獲，不補所喪哉？」 呉主不從。
Sun Hao followed his generals and raided the Jin frontier repeatedly. Lu Kang memorialized: "When Xia sinned, Tang of Yin marched; when Zhou tyrannized, King Wu of Zhou struck. Without the proper moment, even a sage must husband strength and hold still. Yet you neglect farming, appointments, rewards, and kindness to the people, and heed generals who crave glory—campaigns drain the treasury, troops are exhausted, the enemy is unbroken, and we are already gravely ill. To fight for imperial dominion while chasing petty gains is ministers' treachery, not statecraft! Qi and Lu fought three times; Lu won twice yet perished swiftly. Why? Great and small were not equal. How much less when today's gains cannot repay today's losses!" Sun Hao ignored him.
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羊祜不附結中朝權貴，荀勗、馮紞之徒皆惡之。 從甥王衍嘗詣祜陳事，辭甚淸辯； 祜不然之，衍拂衣去。 祜顧謂賓客曰：「王夷甫方當以盛名處大位，然敗俗傷化，必此人也。」 及攻江陵，祜以軍法將斬王戎。 衍，戎之從弟也，故二人皆憾之，言論多毀祜，時人爲之語曰：「二王當國，羊公無德。」」
Yang Hu shunned court factions; Xun Xu, Feng Dan, and their clique hated him. His nephew Wang Yan once presented a case with fluent eloquence; Hu disapproved; Yan stormed out. Hu told his guests: "Wang Yifu will win fame and high office—and ruin the age." During the Jiangling campaign Hu nearly executed Wang Rong by martial law. Yan was Rong's cousin; both resented Hu and slandered him until people said: "When the two Wangs rule, Duke Yang has no virtue."”