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資治通-{鑑}-第081巻
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 81
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【晉紀三】起上章困敦，盡著雍涒灘，凡九年。
[Records of Jin, Number Three] Spanning from the cyclical year Shangzhang Kundun through Zhuanyong Tuantan—nine years in all.
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春，正月，呉大赦。
In spring, in the first month, Wu issued a general amnesty.
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杜預向江陵，王渾出橫江，攻呉鎭、戍，所向皆克。 二月，戊午，王濬、唐彬撃破丹楊監盛紀。 呉人-{於}-江磧要害之處，-{並}-以鐵鎖橫截之； 又作鐵錐，長丈-{餘}-，暗置江中，以逆拒舟艦。 濬作大筏數十，方百-{餘}-歩，縛草爲人，被甲持仗，令善水者以筏先行，遇鐵錐，錐輒著筏而去。 又作大炬，長十-{餘}-丈，大數十圍，灌以麻油，在船前，遇鎖，然炬燒之，須臾，融液斷絶，-{於}-是船無所礙。 庚申，濬克西陵，殺呉都督留憲等。 壬戌，克荊門、夷道二城，殺夷道監陸晏。 杜預遣牙門周旨等帥奇兵八百泛舟夜渡江，襲樂鄕，多張旗幟，起火巴山。 呉都督孫歆懼，與江陵督伍延書曰：「北來諸軍，乃飛渡江也。」 旨等伏兵樂鄕城外，歆遣軍出拒王濬，大敗而還。 旨等-{發}-伏兵隨歆軍而入，歆不覺，直至帳下，虜歆而還。 乙-{丑}-，王濬撃殺呉水軍都督陸景。 杜預進攻江陵，甲戌，克之，斬伍延。 -{於}-是沅、湘以南，接-{於}-交、廣，州郡皆望風送印綬。 預杖節稱詔而緩撫之。 凡所斬獲呉都督、監軍十四，牙門、郡守百二十-{餘}-人。 胡奮克江安。
Du Yu marched on Jiangling while Wang Hun advanced from Hengjiang against Wu garrisons and outposts, capturing every objective he reached. In the second month, on wuwu, Wang Jun and Tang Bin routed Sheng Ji, the Wu intendant of Danyang. At strategic river fords the Wu forces had also stretched iron chains across the water to block the channel; they also fashioned iron spikes more than ten feet long and set them hidden in the riverbed to impale incoming vessels. Wang Jun constructed dozens of large rafts a hundred paces or more on a side, fashioned straw effigies dressed in armor and bearing weapons, and sent skilled swimmers ahead on the rafts—when the spikes struck, they embedded in the rafts and were pulled free as the rafts passed. He also built enormous torches more than ten zhang tall and several dozen wei around, soaked them in sesame oil, and mounted them on the prows—when they reached the chains, the torches were lit and burned through the iron until it melted and snapped, clearing the way for the fleet. On gengshen, Wang Jun took Xiling and killed the Wu area commander Liu Xian and others. On renxu, he captured Jingmen and Yidao and executed Lu Yan, the Wu intendant of Yidao. Du Yu dispatched Zhou Zhi, a gate officer, with eight hundred picked troops in boats to cross the Yangtze by night and strike Lexiang, raising many banners and lighting fires on Mount Ba. The Wu area commander Sun Xin was terrified and wrote to Wu Yan, the Jiangling garrison commander: "The northern armies have flown across the river!" Zhou Zhi's men lay in ambush outside Lexiang. Sun Xin sent troops to oppose Wang Jun and was driven back in defeat. Zhou Zhi then sprang his ambush and slipped in alongside Sun Xin's retreating force. Sun Xin never noticed until they were at his headquarters; they seized him and withdrew. On yichou, Wang Jun killed Lu Jing, the Wu commander of the navy. Du Yu pressed the assault on Jiangling; on jiaxu he took the city and beheaded Wu Yan. From that point south of the Yuan and Xiang, as far as Jiao and Guang, every province and commandery surrendered its seals and credentials at the first rumor of Jin advance. Du Yu carried the credential staff, issued proclamations in the emperor's name, and treated the surrendered territories with gentle reassurance. In all they killed or captured fourteen Wu area commanders and army supervisors, along with more than 120 gate officers and prefectural administrators. Hu Fen captured Jiangan.
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乙亥，詔：「王濬、唐彬旣定巴丘，與胡奮、王戎共平夏口、武昌，順流長騖，直造秣陵。 杜預當鎭靜零、桂，懷輯衡陽。 大兵旣過，荊州南境固當傳檄而定。 預等各分兵以益濬、彬，太尉充移屯項。」
On yihai, an edict ordered: "Once Wang Jun and Tang Bin have secured Baling, they shall join Hu Fen and Wang Rong in taking Xiakou and Wuchang, then drive downstream at full speed straight for Moling. Du Yu is to pacify Ling and Gui and win over Hengyang through conciliation. Once the main army has passed, the southern border of Jing Province should submit as soon as proclamations are sent out. Du Yu and the others shall each detach troops to reinforce Wang Jun and Tang Bin, and Grand Marshal Jia Chong shall move his camp to Xiang."
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王戎遣參軍襄陽羅尚、南陽劉喬將兵與王濬合攻武昌，呉江夏太守劉朗、督武昌諸軍虞昺皆降。 昺，翻之子也。
Wang Rong sent his staff officers Luo Shang of Xiangyang and Liu Qiao of Nanyang with troops to join Wang Jun in the assault on Wuchang; Liu Lang, Wu's administrator of Jiangxia, and Yu Bing, commander of the Wuchang garrison, both surrendered. Yu Bing was the son of Yu Fan.
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杜預與衆軍會議，或曰：「百年之寇，未可盡克，方春水生，難-{於}-久駐，宜俟來冬，更爲大舉。」 預曰：「昔樂毅藉濟西一戰以-{並}-強齊，今兵威已振，譬如破竹，數節之-{後}-，皆迎刃而解，無-{復}-著手處也。」 遂指授群帥方略，逕造建業。
At a council of war Du Yu heard some officers argue: "A century-old enemy cannot be crushed in one stroke; the spring floods are rising and a prolonged stay will be difficult—we should wait until next winter and mount a major offensive then." Du Yu replied: "Long ago Yue Yi toppled mighty Qi with a single victory west of the Ji River. Our military prestige is already in full surge—breaking Wu now is like splitting bamboo: once the first few joints give way, every section after that falls apart at a touch, with nothing left to resist." He immediately briefed his commanders on the plan and marched straight for Jianye.
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呉主聞王渾南下，使丞相張悌督丹楊太守沈瑩、護軍孫震、副軍師諸葛靚帥衆三萬渡江逆戰。 至牛渚，沈瑩曰：「晉治水軍-{於}-蜀久矣，上流諸軍，素無戒備，名將皆死，幼少當任，恐不能-{御}-也。 晉之水軍必至-{於}-此，宜畜衆力以待其來，與之一戰，若幸而勝之，江西自淸。 今渡江與晉大軍戰，不幸而敗，則大事去矣！」 悌曰：「呉之將亡，賢愚所知，非今日也。 吾恐蜀兵至此，衆心駭懼，不可-{復}-整。 及今渡江，猶可決戰。 若其敗喪，同死社稷，無所-{復}-恨。 若其克捷，北敵奔走，兵勢萬倍，便當乘勝南上，逆之中道，不憂不破也。 若如子計，恐士衆散盡，坐待敵到，君臣倶降，無-{復}-一人死難者，不亦辱乎！」
When the Wu emperor learned that Wang Hun was marching south, he dispatched Chancellor Zhang Ti to lead Danyang Administrator Shen Ying, Protector of the Army Sun Zhen, and Deputy Strategist Zhuge Jing with thirty thousand men across the Yangtze to give battle. At Niuzhu, Shen Ying said: "Jin has been building a navy in Shu for years. The upper Yangtze garrisons are unprepared, their famous generals are dead, and inexperienced young men hold command—I doubt they can hold the line. Jin's fleet is bound to reach us here. We should muster our full strength, wait for them to arrive, and fight one decisive battle—if we win, everything west of the river will be secure. But if we cross the river now to fight Jin's main force and lose, everything is lost!" Zhang Ti replied: "That Wu is doomed is plain to wise and foolish alike—it is nothing new. I fear that when the Shu troops arrive, morale will collapse beyond recovery. Crossing the river now, we can still fight a decisive battle. If we are defeated, we die together for the realm—and have no regrets. If we win, the northern enemy will flee and our momentum will multiply tenfold; we can then press south and intercept them mid-route—and they will surely break. Follow your plan and the troops will scatter, we will sit passively awaiting the enemy, lord and ministers will surrender together, and not one man will die for the realm—is that not a disgrace!"
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三月，悌等濟江，圍渾部將城陽都尉張喬-{於}-楊荷。 喬衆-{才}-七千，閉柵請降。 諸葛艦欲屠之，悌曰：「強敵在前，不宜先事其小，且殺降不祥。」 靚曰：「此屬以救兵未至，少力不敵，故且偽降以緩我，非眞伏也。 若-{捨}-之而前，必爲-{後}-患。」 悌不從，撫之而進。 悌與揚州刺史汝南周浚，結陳相對，沈瑩帥丹楊鋭卒、刀楯五千，三-{沖}-晉兵，不動。 瑩引退，其衆亂； 將軍薛勝、蔣班因其亂而乘之，呉兵以次奔潰，將帥不能止，張喬自-{後}-撃之，大敗呉兵-{於}-版橋。 諸葛靚帥數百人遁去，使過迎張悌，悌不肯去，靚自往牽之曰：「存亡自有大數，非卿一人所支，奈何故自取死！」 悌垂涕曰：「仲思，今日是我死日也！ 且我爲兒童時，便爲卿家丞相所識拔，常恐不得其死，負名賢知顧。 今以身徇社稷，-{復}-何道邪！」 靚再三牽之，不動，乃流涙放去，行百-{餘}-歩，顧之，已爲晉兵所殺，-{並}-斬孫震、沈瑩等七千八百級，呉人大震。
In the third month, Zhang Ti and his force crossed the river and besieged Zhang Qiao, a commandant of Chengyang under Wang Hun, at Yanghe. Zhang Qiao had only seven thousand men. He shut his palisades and asked to surrender. Zhuge Jing wanted to slaughter them. Zhang Ti said: "A powerful enemy lies ahead—we should not waste effort on a small force first, and killing men who surrender bodes ill." Zhuge Jing said: "These men are feigning surrender only because reinforcements have not arrived and they are too weak to fight—not because they truly submit. Leave them behind and advance, and they will surely become a threat in our rear." Zhang Ti refused to listen, reassured them, and marched on. Zhang Ti and Zhou Jun, inspector of Yang Province from Runan, drew up their battle lines facing each other. Shen Ying led five thousand crack Danyang troops with swords and shields in three charges against the Jin lines without moving them. Shen Ying pulled back, and his troops fell into disorder; Generals Xue Sheng and Jiang Ban seized on the chaos and pressed the attack. Wu soldiers broke and fled in waves while their commanders could not halt the rout; Zhang Qiao then struck from the rear, crushing the Wu army at Banqiao. Zhuge Jing escaped with several hundred men and sent someone to bring Zhang Ti away. Zhang Ti refused to leave. Zhuge Jing went to him in person, took his arm, and pleaded: "Survival and death are governed by fate—not one man's shoulders alone. Why deliberately seek death!" Zhang Ti wept: "Zhongsi, today is my day to die! Since I was a boy your family's chancellor singled me out. I have always feared dying unworthily and failing the great men who noticed me. Now I give my body for the realm—what other course is there!" Zhuge Jing pulled at him again and again, but Zhang Ti would not budge. Weeping, he released him and walked on. After a hundred paces he looked back—Zhang Ti had already been slain by Jin troops. Sun Zhen, Shen Ying, and others were also killed—7,800 heads in all—and Wu was shaken to its core.
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初，詔書使王濬下建平，受杜預節度，至建業，受王渾節度。 預至江陵，謂諸將曰：「若濬得建平，則順流長驅，威名已著，不宜令受-{制}--{於}-我； 若不能克，則無縁得施節度。」 濬至西陵，預與之書曰：「足下旣摧其西籓，便當逕取建業，討累世之逋寇，釋呉人-{於}-塗炭，振旅還都，亦曠世一事也！」 濬大悅，表呈預書。 及張悌敗死，揚州別駕何惲謂周浚曰：「張悌舉全呉精兵殄滅-{於}-此，呉之朝野莫不震懾。 今王龍驤旣破武昌，乘勝東下，所向輒克，土崩之勢見矣。 謂宜速引兵渡江，直指建業，大軍猝至，奪其膽氣，可不戰禽也！」 浚善其謀，使白王渾。 惲曰：「渾暗-{於}-事機，而欲愼己免咎，必不我從。」 浚固使白之，渾果曰：「受詔但令屯江北以抗呉軍，不使輕進。 貴州雖武，豈能獨平江東乎！ 今者違命，勝不足多，若其不勝，爲罪已重。 且詔令龍驤受我節度，但當具君舟楫，一時倶濟耳。」 惲曰：「龍驤克萬-{里}-之寇，以旣成之功來受節度，未之聞也。 且明公爲上將，見可而進，豈得一一須詔令乎！ 今乘此渡江，十全必克，何疑何慮而淹留不進！ 此鄙州上下所以恨恨也。」 渾不-{聽}-。
Earlier, the imperial edict had placed Wang Jun, descending from Jianping, under Du Yu's command until Jianye, and thereafter under Wang Hun's command. When Du Yu reached Jiangling, he told his generals: "If Wang Jun takes Jianping, he will sweep downstream with his fame already established—it is not fitting to constrain him under our command; if he cannot take it, we have no grounds to command him in the first place." When Wang Jun reached Xiling, Du Yu wrote him: "You have already shattered their western defenses—press straight for Jianye, destroy the rebel of generations, free the Wu people from misery, and return in triumph to the capital. That would be a deed for the ages!" Wang Jun was delighted and forwarded Du Yu's letter in a memorial to the throne. After Zhang Ti's defeat and death, He Yun, aide-de-camp of Yang Province, told Zhou Jun: "Zhang Ti led Wu's entire elite army to destruction here—court and country in Wu are terror-stricken. Wang Longxiang has already taken Wuchang and is advancing east on the tide of victory, capturing every objective—the realm is crumbling before our eyes. You should cross the river at once and strike straight for Jianye—the sudden arrival of the main army will paralyze them, and the city can be taken without a fight!" Zhou Jun approved the plan and reported it to Wang Hun. He Yun said: "Wang Hun is dull about opportunities and, wanting to protect himself from blame, will surely refuse." Zhou Jun reported anyway. Wang Hun indeed replied: "My orders were only to hold north of the river against Wu—not to advance rashly. Even if our commander is brave, how can he alone pacify all of Jiangdong! Disobey orders now and victory gains little credit, but defeat brings heavy blame. Besides, the edict places Longxiang under my command—we need only ready your boats and cross together." He Yun said: "Longxiang has conquered an enemy ten thousand li away—never have I heard of a man who then came to take orders for a victory already won. And you, my lord, are the supreme commander—when you see an opening you advance. Must you wait for an edict on every move! Cross the river now and total victory is assured—what doubt or hesitation keeps you lingering here! That is why everyone in this province seethes with frustration." Wang Hun would not listen.
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王濬自武昌順流徑趣建業，呉主遣-{游}-撃將軍張象帥舟師萬人-{御}-之，像衆望旗而降。 濬兵甲滿江，旌旗燭天，威勢甚盛，呉人大懼。 呉主之嬖臣岑昏，以傾險諛佞，致位九列，好興功役，爲衆患苦。 及晉兵將至，殿中親近數百人叩頭請-{於}-呉主曰：「北軍日近而兵不舉刃，陛下將如之何？」 呉主曰：「何故？」 對曰：「正坐岑昏耳。」 呉主獨言：「若爾，當以奴謝百姓！」 衆因曰：「唯！」 遂-{並}-起收昏。 呉主駱驛追止，已屠之矣。
Wang Jun sailed from Wuchang downstream straight for Jianye. The Wu emperor sent Strike General Zhang Xiang with ten thousand warships to oppose him—but Zhang Xiang's force surrendered at sight of the Jin banners. Wang Jun's armored vessels filled the river, banners blazing across the sky. His might was overwhelming, and the people of Wu were terrified. Chen Hun, a favorite of the Wu emperor, had risen through treachery and flattery to one of the Nine Ministers. He loved launching wasteful public works and was a scourge to the people. As Jin troops drew near, several hundred palace attendants kowtowed before the Wu emperor: "The northern armies approach daily, yet our swords stay sheathed—Your Majesty, what will you do?" The Wu emperor asked: "Why?" They answered: "It is all because of Chen Hun." The Wu emperor said on his own: "If that is so, I shall give up this slave to appease the people!" The crowd shouted: "Yes!" They rose together and seized Chen Hun. The Wu emperor sent urgent riders to stop them—but Chen Hun had already been executed.
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陶浚將討郭馬，至武昌，聞晉兵大入，引兵東還。 至建業，呉主引見，問水軍消息，對曰：「蜀船皆小，今得二萬兵，乘大船以戰，自足破之。」 -{於}-是合衆，授浚節鉞。 明日當-{發}-，其夜，衆悉逃潰。
Tao Jun had been marching against Guo Ma. When he reached Wuchang and heard that Jin had invaded in force, he turned his army east. At Jianye the Wu emperor received him and asked about the navy. Tao Jun replied: "The Shu ships are all small. Give me twenty thousand men aboard large vessels and we can surely defeat them." Wu mustered its forces and granted Tao Jun the battle-axe and command credentials. They were to depart the next day—but that night the troops all fled and scattered.
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時王渾、王濬及琅邪王伷皆臨近境，呉司徒何植、建威將軍孫晏悉送印節詣渾降。 呉主用光祿勳薛瑩、中書令胡-{沖}-等計，分遣使者奉書-{於}-渾、灘、伷以請降。 又遺其群臣書，深自咎責，且曰：「今大晉平治四海，是英俊展節之秋，勿以移朝改朔，用損厥-{志}-。」 使者先送璽綬-{於}-琅邪王伷。 壬寅，王濬舟師過三山，王渾遣信要濬暫過論事； 濬舉帆直指建業，報曰：「風利，不得泊也。」 是日，濬戎卒八萬，方舟百-{里}-，鼓噪入-{於}-石頭，呉主皓-{面}-縛輿櫬，詣軍門降。 濬解縛焚櫬，延請相見。 收其圖籍，克州四，郡四十三，戸五十二萬三千，兵二十三萬。
Wang Hun, Wang Jun, and Sima You, Prince of Langya, were all near the border. Wu's Minister of Works He Zhi and General Who Establishes Might Sun Yan sent their seals and credentials to Wang Hun to surrender. The Wu emperor adopted a plan from Palace Grandee Xue Ying, Director of the Palace Secretariat Hu Chong, and others, sending separate envoys with letters to Wang Hun, Wang Jun, and Sima You to sue for surrender. He also wrote his officials a letter of deep self-reproach, saying: "Great Jin now pacifies all under heaven—this is the season for talented men to serve. Do not let the change of dynasty dampen your ambitions." The envoys first delivered the imperial seal and cordons to Sima You, Prince of Langya. On renyin, Wang Jun's fleet passed Sanshan. Wang Hun sent word asking Wang Jun to anchor briefly to confer; Wang Jun raised his sails and headed straight for Jianye, replying: "The wind is favorable—I cannot stop." That same day Wang Jun's eighty thousand soldiers, in a fleet stretching a hundred li, shouting as they entered Shitou. The Wu emperor Sun Hao came to the camp gate bound, with a coffin on a cart, to surrender. Wang Jun untied him, burned the coffin, and received him for an audience. They collected the maps and registers—four provinces, forty-three commanderies, 523,000 households, and 230,000 troops.
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朝廷聞呉已平，群臣皆賀上壽。 帝執爵流涕曰：「此羊太傅之功也。」 驃騎將軍孫秀不賀，南向流涕曰：「昔討逆弱冠以一校尉創業，今-{後}-主舉江南而棄之，宗廟山陵，-{於}-此爲墟。 悠悠蒼天，此何人哉！」
When the court learned that Wu had been pacified, the ministers all offered the emperor congratulations on his longevity. The emperor, cup in hand, wept and said: "This is Grand Tutor Yang's achievement." General of Agile Cavalry Sun Xiu did not join the congratulations. Facing south, he wept and said: "Long ago the Conqueror of Rebellion, barely out of his teens, built an empire from a single commandant's post. Now the late ruler has surrendered all of Jiangnan and abandoned it—the ancestral temples and imperial tombs lie in ruins here. O vast blue Heaven—what manner of man is this!"
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呉之未下也，大臣皆以爲未可輕進，獨張華堅執以爲必克。 賈充上表稱：「呉地未可悉定，方夏，江、淮下濕，疾疫必起，宜召諸軍還，以爲-{後}-圖。 雖腰斬張華不足以謝天下。」 帝曰：「此是吾意，華但與吾同耳。」 荀勗-{復}-奏，宜如充表，帝不從。 杜預聞充奏乞罷兵，馳表固爭，使至轘轅而呉已降。 充慚懼，詣闕請罪，帝撫而不問。
Before Wu fell, the ministers all argued against advancing rashly; Zhang Hua alone insisted that victory was certain. Jia Chong submitted a memorial arguing: "Wu cannot yet be fully pacified. It is summer now, and the Yangtze and Huai lowlands are damp—epidemics are sure to break out. The armies should be recalled and a plan made for later. Even executing Zhang Hua by waist severing would not suffice to appease the realm." The emperor said: "This is my own intent—Hua merely agrees with me." Xun Xu memorialized again that Jia Chong's proposal should be adopted; the emperor refused. When Du Yu heard of Jia Chong's memorial requesting withdrawal, he sent an urgent counter-memorial—but by the time the messenger reached Huanyuan, Wu had already surrendered. Ashamed and afraid, Jia Chong went to the palace to confess his fault. The emperor comforted him and let the matter drop.
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夏，四月，甲申，詔賜孫皓爵歸命侯。
In summer, in the fourth month, on jiashen, an edict enfeoffed Sun Hao as Marquis of Guiming.
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乙酉，大赦，改元。 大酺五日。 遣使者分詣荊、揚撫慰，呉牧、守已下皆不更易，除其苛政，悉從簡易，呉人大悅。
On yiyou, the court proclaimed a general amnesty and changed the era name. A grand feast was held for five days. Envoys were sent to Jing and Yang to offer reassurance. Wu prefects and administrators at every level were left in place, harsh policies were abolished, and governance was simplified—the people of Wu were overjoyed.
18
滕修討郭馬未克，聞晉伐呉，帥衆赴難，至巴丘，聞呉亡，縞素流涕，還，與廣州刺史閭-{豐}-、蒼梧太守王毅各送印綬請降。 孫皓遣陶璜之子融持手書諭璜，璜流涕數日，亦送印綬降； 帝皆-{復}-其本職。
Teng Xiu had been campaigning against Guo Ma without success. Hearing that Jin was attacking Wu, he marched to the rescue. At Baqiu he learned that Wu had fallen, wept in white mourning garb, and returned. He and Lu Feng, inspector of Guang Province, and Wang Yi, administrator of Cangwu, each sent their seals and credentials to surrender. Sun Hao sent Tao Huang's son Rong with a personal letter to persuade him. Huang wept for days, then sent his seals and credentials to surrender; the emperor restored all of them to their original posts.
19
王濬之東下也，呉城戍皆望風款附，獨建平太守吾彦嬰城不下，聞呉亡，乃降。 帝以彦爲金城太守。
When Wang Jun marched east, Wu garrison cities surrendered at the first rumor of his approach. Only Wu Yan, administrator of Jianping, held his city and refused to yield. When he learned that Wu had fallen, he surrendered. The emperor appointed Wu Yan administrator of Jincheng.
20
初，朝廷尊寵孫秀、孫楷，欲以招來呉人。 及呉亡，降秀爲伏波將軍，楷爲渡遼將軍。
Earlier, the court had honored Sun Xiu and Sun Kai, hoping thereby to win over the people of Wu. When Wu fell, Sun Xiu was demoted to General Who Pacifies the Waves and Sun Kai to General Who Crosses the Liao.
21
琅邪王伷遣使送孫皓及其宗族詣洛陽。 五月，丁亥朔，皓至，與其太子瑾等泥頭-{面}-縛，詣東陽門。 詔遣謁者解其縛，賜衣服、車乘、田三十頃，歳給錢-{谷}-、綿絹甚厚。 拜瑾爲中郎，諸子爲王者皆爲郎中，呉之舊望，隨-{才}-擢敘。 孫氏將吏渡江者-{復}-十年，百姓-{復}-二十年。
Sima You, Prince of Langya, sent envoys to escort Sun Hao and his clan to Luoyang. In the fifth month, on dinghai, the first day of the month, Sun Hao arrived. He and his crown prince Sun Jin and others came with heads covered in mud and faces bound, to the Dongyang Gate. An edict sent a chamberlain to untie them and granted them clothing, carriages, thirty qing of farmland, and generous annual allotments of money, grain, silk, and brocade. Sun Jin was appointed Palace Gentleman; all sons who had held royal titles were made Court Gentlemen; and eminent families of Wu were promoted according to their abilities. Sun clan officers and officials who had crossed the Yangtze received ten years' tax exemption; commoners received twenty.
22
庚寅，帝臨軒，大會文武有位及四方使者，國子學生皆預焉。 引見歸命侯皓及呉降人，皓登殿稽顙。 帝謂皓曰：「朕設此座以待卿久矣。」 皓曰：「臣-{於}-南方，亦設此座以待陛下。」 賈充謂皓曰：「聞君在南方鑿人目，剝人-{面}-皮，此何等刑也？」 皓曰：「人臣有弒其君及-{奸}-回不忠者，則加此刑耳。」 充默然甚愧，而皓顏色無怍。
On gengyin, the emperor held court and convened a great assembly of ranked civil and military officials and envoys from all directions; students of the Imperial Academy attended as well. Sun Hao, Marquis of Guiming, and the Wu surrenderers were presented. Sun Hao ascended the hall and kowtowed. The emperor said to Sun Hao: "I have long set this seat waiting for you." Sun Hao replied: "Your subject, in the south, also set this seat waiting for Your Majesty." Jia Chong said to Sun Hao: "I hear that in the south you gouged out men's eyes and flayed men's faces—what sort of punishments are these?" Sun Hao replied: "When a subject murders his ruler or proves treacherous and disloyal, then this punishment is applied." Jia Chong fell silent, deeply ashamed, while Sun Hao's expression showed not a trace of embarrassment.
23
帝從容問散騎常侍薛瑩孫皓所以亡，對曰：「皓暱近小人，刑罰放濫，大臣諸將，人不自保，此其所以亡也。」 它日，又問吾彦，對曰：「呉主英俊，宰輔賢明。」 帝笑曰：「若是，何故亡？」 彦曰：「天祿永終，-{歴}-數有屬，故爲陛下禽耳。」 帝善之。
The emperor casually asked Attendant Cavalier Xue Ying why Sun Hao's state had fallen. He answered: "Sun Hao favored petty men, punishments ran wild, and ministers and generals could not protect themselves—that is why it fell." On another day he asked Wu Yan, who answered: "The Wu ruler was talented and his chief ministers were wise." The emperor laughed: "If that is so, why did it fall?" Wu Yan said: "Heaven's mandate had run its course and the succession of dynasties had its appointed lord—therefore he was captured by Your Majesty." The emperor was pleased with this answer.
24
王濬之入建業也，其明日，王渾乃濟江，以濬不待己至，先受孫皓降，意甚愧忿，將攻濬。 何攀勸濬送皓與渾，由是事得解。 何惲以渾與濬爭功，與周浚牋曰：「《書》貴克讓，《易》大謙光。 前破張悌，呉人失氣，龍驤因之，陷其區宇。 論其前-{後}-，我實緩師，旣失機會，不及-{於}-事，而今方競其功； 彼旣不呑聲，將虧雍穆之弘，興矜爭之鄙，斯愚情之所不取也。」 浚得牋，卽諫止渾。 渾不納，表濬違詔不受節度，誣以罪狀。 渾子濟，尚常山公主，宗黨強盛。 有司奏請檻車-{征}-濬，帝弗許，但以詔書責讓濬以不從渾命，違-{制}-昧利。 濬上書自理曰：「前被詔書，令臣直造秣陵，又令受太尉充節度。 臣以十五日至三山，見渾軍在北岸，遣書邀臣； 臣水軍風-{發}-乘勢，逕造賊城，無縁回船過渾。 臣以日中至秣陵，暮乃被渾所下當受節度之符，欲令臣明十六日悉將所領還圍石頭，又索蜀兵及鎭南諸軍人名定見。 臣以爲皓已來降，無縁空圍石頭； 又，兵人定見，不可倉猝得就，皆非當今之急，不可承用，非敢忽棄明-{制}-也。 皓衆叛親離，匹夫獨坐，雀鼠貪生，苟乞一活耳，而江北諸軍不知虚實，不早縛取，自爲小誤。 臣至便得，更見怨恚，-{並}--{云}-：『守賊百日，而令他人得之。』 臣愚以爲事君之道，苟利社稷，死生以之。 若其顧嫌疑以避咎責，此是人臣不忠之利，實非明主社稷之福也。」
Wang Jun entered Jianye; Wang Hun crossed the river only the next day. Because Wang Jun had not waited for him and had accepted Sun Hao's surrender first, Wang Hun was deeply ashamed and angry and was about to attack Wang Jun. He Pan urged Wang Jun to hand Sun Hao over to Wang Hun, and the affair was resolved. As Wang Hun and Wang Jun contended for credit, He Yun wrote to Zhou Jun: "The Documents honors overcoming through forbearance; the Changes greatly exalts the light of humility. We broke Zhang Ti and the Wu people lost their spirit; Longxiang seized the opportunity and overran their territory. Before and after, we in truth delayed our army, missed the opportunity, and failed to finish the job—yet now we compete over credit; If he will not hold his tongue, it will impair the magnanimity of harmony and breed the vulgarity of rivalry—this my foolish heart cannot accept." Wang Jun received the letter and immediately admonished Wang Hun to desist. Wang Hun refused and memorialized that Wang Jun had disobeyed the edict and refused command, fabricating charges against him. Wang Hun's son Wang Ji was married to the Princess of Changshan; their clan faction was powerful. The relevant offices memorialized requesting that Wang Jun be summoned in a prisoner cart. The emperor refused, but sent an edict rebuking Wang Jun for disobeying Wang Hun's orders and violating regulations for private gain. Wang Jun submitted a memorial in his own defense: "Previously I received an edict ordering me to press straight to Moling, and also ordering me to accept Grand Marshal Jia Chong's command. I reached Sanshan on the fifteenth and saw Wang Hun's army on the north bank; he sent a letter inviting me; my navy, with the wind at its back, rode the momentum straight to the rebel capital—there was no occasion to turn back and visit Wang Hun. I reached Moling at midday; only at evening did I receive Wang Hun's credential ordering me to accept his command, requiring me on the sixteenth to lead all my forces back to besiege Shitou, and also demanding rosters of Shu troops and all southern garrison personnel. I considered that Sun Hao had already surrendered—there was no occasion to besiege Shitou for nothing; moreover, troop rosters could not be produced on short notice; none of these were urgent and could not be complied with—I did not dare lightly disregard clear orders. Sun Hao's followers had deserted him and his kin had abandoned him; he sat alone, clinging to life like a sparrow or rat, merely begging to survive—yet the armies north of the river, not knowing the true situation, failed to seize him early. That was their own small error. I captured him as soon as I arrived, yet was met with resentment—and they even said: 'We besieged the rebel for a hundred days and let someone else take him.' I believe that the way of serving one's ruler is: if it benefits the realm, one stakes life and death upon it. If one looks to suspicions to avoid blame, that is the petty profit of a disloyal subject—it is no blessing to a wise ruler or the realm."
25
渾又騰周浚書-{云}-：「濬軍得呉寶物。」 又-{云}-「濬牙門將李髙放火燒皓偽宮。」 濬-{復}-表曰：「臣孤根獨立，結恨強宗。 夫犯上-{干}-主，其罪可救； 乖忤貴臣，禍在不測。 偽郎將孔攄説：去二月武昌失守，水軍行至，皓案行石頭還，左右人皆跳刀大呼-{云}-：『要當爲陛下一死戰決之。』 皓意大喜，意必能然，便盡出金寶以賜與之。 小人無狀，得便持走。 皓懼，乃圖降首。 降使-{適}-去，左右劫奪財物，略取妻妾，放火燒宮。 皓逃身竄首，恐不脱死。 臣至，遣參軍主者救斷其火耳。 周浚先入皓宮，渾又先登皓舟，臣之入觀，皆在其-{後}-。 皓宮之中，乃無席可坐，若有遺寶，則浚與渾先得之矣。 等-{雲}-臣屯聚蜀人，不時送皓，欲有反狀。 又恐動呉人，言臣皆當誅殺，取其妻子，冀其作亂，得騁私忿。 謀反大逆，尚以見加，其-{餘}-謗□沓，故其宜耳。 今年平呉，誠爲大慶； -{於}-臣之身，更受咎累。」
Wang Hun also forwarded Zhou Jun's letter saying: "Wang Jun's army obtained Wu treasures." He also said: "Wang Jun's gate officer Li Gao set fire and burned Sun Hao's palace." Wang Jun memorialized again: "I stand alone with shallow roots and have made enemies of powerful clans. Offending one's superiors and affronting the ruler—such crimes may be pardoned; but crossing powerful ministers brings disaster beyond reckoning. The former regime's Gentleman-Commandant Kong Shu reported: last second month, when Wuchang fell and the navy was approaching, Sun Hao was inspecting Shitou on his return; the men around him all drew swords and shouted: 'We must fight to the death for Your Majesty and settle this.' Sun Hao was greatly pleased, believing they would surely fight, and distributed all his gold and treasures to them. The petty men seized the opportunity and ran off with the goods. Sun Hao was terrified and then planned to surrender. When the surrender envoy had just departed, those around him plundered goods, seized wives and concubines, and set fire to the palace. Sun Hao hid himself in terror, fearing he would not escape death. When I arrived, I sent my staff officer to rescue and extinguish the fire—that is all. Zhou Jun entered Sun Hao's palace first; Wang Hun boarded Sun Hao's boat first—my entry came after both of them. Inside Sun Hao's palace there was not even a mat to sit on; if any treasures remained, Wang Jun and Wang Hun would have gotten them first. They also say I gathered Shu men and did not promptly deliver Sun Hao, intending rebellion. They also alarm the people of Wu, saying my men should all be executed and their wives and children seized, hoping to provoke revolt so they can vent private grudges. If even the capital charge of plotting rebellion is fabricated against me, the rest of the slander piled on is only to be expected. This year Wu was pacified—truly a great celebration; yet for my person, I receive blame and trouble instead."
26
濬至京師，有司奏濬違詔，大不敬，請付廷尉科罪； 詔不許。 又奏濬赦-{後}-燒賊船百三十五艘，輒敕付廷尉禁推； 詔勿推。
When Wang Jun reached the capital, the relevant offices memorialized that he had disobeyed the edict—a grave disrespect—and requested he be handed to the Court of Justice for punishment; the emperor refused. They again memorialized that after the amnesty Wang Jun had burned 135 rebel ships and ordered this referred to the Court of Justice for investigation; the emperor ordered that it not be pursued.
27
渾、濬爭功不已，帝命守廷尉廣陵劉頌校其事，以渾爲上功，濬爲中功。 帝以頌折法失理，左遷京兆太守。
Wang Hun and Wang Jun continued contending over credit. The emperor ordered Liu Song of Guangling, administrator of the Court of Justice, to adjudicate, rating Wang Hun's merit as highest and Wang Jun's as middle. The emperor, holding that Liu Song's application of the law was unreasonable, demoted him to administrator of Jingzhao.
28
庚辰，增賈充邑八千戸，以王濬爲輔國大將軍，封襄陽縣侯； 杜預爲當陽縣侯； 王戎爲安-{豐}-縣侯； 封琅邪王伷二子爲亭侯； 增京陵侯王渾邑八千戸，進爵爲公； 尚書關内侯張華進封廣武縣侯，增邑萬戸； 荀勗以專典詔命功，封一子爲亭侯； 其-{餘}-諸將及公卿以下，賞賜各有差。 帝以平呉，策告羊祜廟，乃封其夫人夏侯氏爲萬歳鄕君，食邑五千戸。
On gengchen, Jia Chong's fief was increased by eight thousand households; Wang Jun was made General Who Assists the State and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiangyang County; Du Yu was made Marquis of Dangyang County; Wang Rong was made Marquis of Anfeng County; two sons of Sima You, Prince of Langya, were enfeoffed as village marquises; Wang Hun, Marquis of Jingling, received an increase of eight thousand households and was advanced to duke; Zhang Hua, Director of the Masters of Writing and Marquis within the Passes, was advanced to Marquis of Guangwu County with an increase of ten thousand households; Xun Xu, for his service in managing edicts, had one son enfeoffed as a village marquis; the remaining generals, grandees, and all below received rewards in varying degrees. Because Wu had been pacified, the emperor reported by written prayer at Yang Hu's temple and enfeoffed his wife Lady Xiahou as Village Lady of Wansui with a fief of five thousand households.
29
王濬自以功大，而爲渾父子及黨與所挫抑，毎進見，陳其攻伐之勞及見枉之狀，或不勝忿憤，逕出不辭； 帝毎容恕之。 益州護軍-{范}-通謂濬曰：「卿功則美矣，然恨所以居美者未盡善也。 卿旋旃之日，角巾私第，口不言平呉之事，若有問者，輒曰：『聖人之德，群帥之力，老夫何力之有！』 此藺生所以屈廉頗也，王渾能無愧乎！」 濬曰：「吾始懲鄧艾之事，懼禍及身，不得無言； 其終不能遣諸胸中，是吾褊也。」 時人-{鹹}-以濬功重報輕，爲之憤邑。 博士秦秀等-{並}-上表訟濬之屈，帝乃遷濬鎭軍大將軍。 王渾嘗詣濬，濬嚴設備衞，然-{後}-見之。
Wang Jun considered his achievement great, yet was suppressed by Wang Hun, his son, and their faction. Each time he appeared at court he recounted his campaign labors and the wrong done him, and sometimes, unable to contain his anger, he would leave without taking leave; the emperor each time tolerated and forgave him. Fan Tong, Protector of the Army in Yi Province, said to Wang Jun: "Your achievement is splendid, yet I regret that the way you occupy that splendor is not entirely wise. On the day you return with banners furled, wear a kerchief at your private residence and speak not of pacifying Wu. If anyone asks, simply say: 'It is the sage's virtue and the commanders' strength—what strength had this old man!' That is how Lord Lin humbled Lian Po—can Wang Hun fail to feel ashamed!" Wang Jun said: "I began by taking warning from Deng Ai's fate, fearing disaster would reach me—I could not remain silent; That I could never banish these things from my breast—that was my own narrowness." People of the time all felt Wang Jun's achievement was great and his reward too slight, and were indignant on his behalf. Erudite Qin Xiu and others submitted memorials pleading Wang Jun's wrong. The emperor then promoted Wang Jun to General Who Guards the Army. Wang Hun once visited Wang Jun, who set up strict guards and only then received him.
30
杜預還襄陽，以爲天下雖安，忘戰必危，乃勤-{於}-講武，申嚴戍守。 又引滍、淯水以浸田萬-{餘}-頃，開揚口通零、桂之漕，公私賴之。 預身不跨馬，射不穿札，而用兵-{制}-勝，諸將莫及。 預在鎭，數餉遺洛中貴要； 或問其故，預曰：「吾但恐爲害，不求益也。」
Du Yu returned to Xiangyang, believing that though the realm was at peace, forgetting war would surely bring danger. He diligently trained troops and tightened garrison defense. He also channeled the Zhi and Yu rivers to irrigate more than ten thousand qing of farmland and opened Yangkou to connect transport to Ling and Gui—both public and private interests benefited. Du Yu himself did not ride horses and could not pierce a writing slip with an arrow, yet in military victory none of the generals could match him. While Du Yu held his post, he repeatedly sent gifts to powerful figures in Luoyang; When someone asked why, Du Yu said: "I only fear being harmed—I do not seek advantage."
31
王渾遷-{征}-東大將軍，-{復}-鎭壽陽。
Wang Hun was transferred to General Who Conquers the East and again garrisoned Shouyang.
32
諸葛靚逃竄不出。 帝與靚有舊，靚姊爲琅邪王妃，帝知靚在姊間，因就見焉。 靚逃-{於}-廁，帝又逼見之，謂曰：「不謂今日-{復}-得相見！」 靚流涕曰：「臣不能漆身皮-{面}-，-{復}-睹聖顏，誠爲慚恨！」 詔以爲侍中； 固辭不拜，歸-{於}-鄕-{里}-，終身不向朝廷而坐。
Zhuge Jing fled into hiding and would not appear. The emperor had old ties with Zhuge Jing. Zhuge Jing's elder sister was the Princess of Langya, and knowing he was staying with her, the emperor went to see him. Zhuge Jing fled to the privy. The emperor pressed in to see him again and said: "I never thought we could meet again today!" Zhuge Jing wept: "Your subject could not lacquer his body and flay his face, yet again behold the imperial countenance—I am truly ashamed!" An edict appointed him Attendant-in-Ordinary; he firmly declined, returned to his home village, and throughout his life would not sit facing the direction of the court.
33
六月，-{復}-封丹水侯睦爲髙陽王。
In the sixth month, Marquis of Danshui Sima Mu was again enfeoffed as Prince of Gaoyang.
34
秋，八月，己未，封皇弟延祚爲樂平王，尋薨。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on jiwei, the emperor's younger brother Yanzuo was enfeoffed as Prince of Le Ping; soon after he died.
35
九月，庚寅，賈充等以天下一統，屢請封禪； 帝不許。
In the ninth month, on gengyin, Jia Chong and others, citing the unification of the realm, repeatedly requested a fengshan sacrifice; the emperor refused.
36
冬，十月，前將軍靑州刺史淮南胡威卒。 威爲尚書，嘗諫時政之寬。 帝曰：「尚書郎以下，吾無所假借。」 威曰：「臣之所陳，豈在丞、郎、令史，正謂如臣等輩，始可以肅化明法耳！」
In winter, in the tenth month, Hu Wei of Huainan, General of the Vanguard and inspector of Qing Province, died. When Hu Wei was Director of the Masters of Writing, he once remonstrated about the leniency of current policy. The emperor said: "Below the rank of Masters of Writing Gentleman, I show no leniency." Hu Wei said: "What I remonstrate about is not assistants, gentlemen, and clerks—it is precisely men like me who must first uphold rectification and clarify the law!"
37
是歳，以司隸所統郡置司州，凡州十九，郡國一百七十三，戸二百四十五萬九千八百四十。
This year the commanderies under the Metropolitan Governor were established as Si Province. In all there were nineteen provinces, 173 commanderies and kingdoms, and 2,459,840 households.
38
詔曰：「昔自漢末，四海分崩，刺史内親民事，外領兵馬。 今天下爲一，當韜戢-{干}-戈，刺史分職，皆如漢氏故事； 悉去州郡兵，大郡置武吏百人，小郡五十人。」 交州牧陶璜上言：「交、廣州西數千-{里}-，不賓屬者六萬-{餘}-戸，至-{於}-服從官役，-{才}-五千-{餘}-家。 二州脣齒，唯兵是鎭。 又，-{寧}-州諸夷，接-{據}-上流，水陸-{並}-通，州兵未宜約損，以示單虚。」 -{僕}-射山濤亦言「不宜去州郡武備」。 帝不-{聽}-。 及永-{寧}-以-{後}-，盜賊群起，州郡無備，不能禽-{制}-，天下遂大亂，如濤所言。 然其-{後}-刺史-{復}-兼兵民之政，州鎭愈重矣。
An edict stated: "Since the end of Han, the four seas split apart; provincial inspectors handled civil affairs internally and commanded troops externally. Now the realm is one; arms should be sheathed, and provincial inspectors should divide their duties according to Han precedent; all provincial and commandery troops shall be abolished; large commanderies shall have a hundred military officers, small commanderies fifty." Tao Huang, inspector of Jiao Province, submitted a statement: "Jiao and Guang extend several thousand li to the west. More than sixty thousand households do not submit, and of those who perform official service there are only a little more than five thousand families. The two provinces depend on each other like lip and teeth—only troops can stabilize them. Moreover, the various tribes of Ning Province hold the upper reaches; land and water routes both connect—provincial troops should not yet be reduced, lest we appear weak and empty." Director of the Masters of Writing Shan Tao also said: "It is not fitting to remove provincial and commandery military defenses." The emperor would not listen. In the Yongning era that followed, bandits rose in groups. Provinces and commanderies had no defenses and could not suppress them—the realm fell into great disorder, just as Shan Tao had warned. Yet afterward provincial inspectors again combined military and civil authority, and provincial power grew ever heavier.
39
漢、魏以來，羌、胡、鮮卑降者，多處之塞内諸郡。 其-{後}-數因忿恨，殺害長吏，漸爲民患。 侍-{御}-史西河郭欽上疎曰：「戎狄強獷，-{歴}-古爲患。 魏初民少，西北諸郡，皆爲戎居，内及京兆、魏郡、弘農，往往有之。 今雖服從，若百年之-{後}-有風塵之警，胡騎自平陽、上黨不三日而至孟津，北地、西河、太原、馮翊、安定、上郡盡爲狄庭矣。 宜及平呉之威，謀臣猛將之略，漸徙内郡雜胡-{於}-邊地，峻四夷出入之防，明先王荒服之-{制}-，此萬世之長策也。」 帝不-{聽}-。
Since Han and Wei, surrendered Qiang, Hu, and Xianbei had mostly been settled in commanderies within the passes. Afterward they repeatedly killed senior officials out of resentment and gradually became a scourge to the people. Attendant Censor Guo Qin of Xihe submitted a memorial: "The Rong and Di are fierce and unruly—they have been a scourge through the ages. In early Wei the population was small; northwestern commanderies were all settled by Rong, and even within—as far as Jingzhao, Wei Commandery, and Hongnong—they were often found. Though they now submit, if a hundred years hence war breaks out, Hu cavalry from Pingyang and Shangdang could reach Mengjin in less than three days—Beidi, Xihe, Taiyuan, Fufeng, Anding, and Shang would all become Di territory. While the prestige of pacifying Wu is still strong, we should use our strategists' and generals' plans to gradually relocate the mixed Hu of inner commanderies to the borderlands, strengthen defenses against barbarian incursions, and restore the former kings' system of wild territories—this is a strategy for ten thousand generations." The emperor would not listen.
40
春，三月，詔選孫皓宮人五千人入宮。 帝旣平呉，頗事-{游}-宴，怠-{於}-政事，掖庭殆將萬人。 常乘羊車，恣其所之，至便宴寢； 宮人競以竹-{葉}-插戸，鹽汁灑地，以引帝車。 而-{後}-父楊駿及弟珧、濟始用事，交通請謁，勢傾内外，時人謂之三楊，舊臣多被疎退。 山濤數有規諷，帝雖知而不能改。
In spring, in the third month, an edict selected five thousand of Sun Hao's palace women for the harem. Once Wu was pacified, the emperor devoted himself to pleasure banquets and neglected governance; the inner palace nearly reached ten thousand women. He often rode in a goat cart wherever he pleased, feasting and sleeping wherever he stopped; palace women competed to insert bamboo leaves in their doorways and sprinkle salt water on the ground to attract the emperor's cart. Then the empress's father Yang Jun and his brothers Yang Yao and Yang Ji began to wield power, trading favors and petitions. Their influence dominated court and country, and people called them the Three Yangs; many old ministers were sidelined. Shan Tao repeatedly offered remonstrance; though the emperor knew, he could not change.
41
初，鮮卑莫護跋始自塞外入居遼西棘城之北，號曰慕容部。 莫護跋生木延，木延生渉歸，遷-{於}-遼東之北。 世附中國，數從-{征}-討有功，拜大單-{于}-。 冬，十月，渉歸始寇昌黎。
Initially the Xianbei leader Mohuba entered from beyond the passes to settle north of Jicheng in Liaoxi and was called the Murong tribe. Mohuba begot Muyan; Muyan begot Shegui, who moved to the north of Liaodong. For generations they attached themselves to China, repeatedly served in campaigns with merit, and were appointed Grand Chanyu. In winter, in the tenth month, Shegui first raided Changli.
42
十一月，壬寅，髙平武公陳騫薨。
In the eleventh month, on renyin, Chen Qian, Duke Wu of Gaoping, died.
43
是歳，揚州刺史周浚移鎭秣陵。 呉民之未服者，屢爲寇亂，浚皆討平之。 賓禮故老，搜求俊乂，威惠-{並}-行，呉人悅服。
This year Zhou Jun, inspector of Yang Province, moved his headquarters to Moling. Wu people who had not yet submitted repeatedly caused bandit disturbances; Zhou Jun suppressed them all. He treated elders with courtesy, sought out talented men, and combined authority with kindness—the people of Wu submitted gladly.
44
春，正月，丁-{丑}-朔，帝親祀南郊。 禮畢，喟然問司隸校尉劉毅曰：「朕可方漢之何帝？」 對曰：「桓、靈。」 帝曰：「何至-{於}-此？」 對曰：「桓、靈賣官錢入官庫，陛下賣官錢入私門。 以此言之，殆不如也！」 帝大笑曰：「桓、靈之世，不聞此言，今朕有直臣，固爲勝之。」
In spring, in the first month, on dingchou, the first day of the month, the emperor personally sacrificed at the Southern Altar. When the rites were complete, he sighed and asked Liu Yi, metropolitan commandant: "To which Han emperor can I be compared?" He answered: "Huan and Ling." The emperor said: "How could it come to that?" He answered: "Huan and Ling's sale-of-office money went into the state treasury; Your Majesty's goes into private hands. By that measure, you are probably worse!" The emperor laughed loudly: "In the age of Huan and Ling one never heard such words—now I have a straight-speaking minister; I am surely better than they."
45
毅爲司隸，糾繩豪貴，無所顧忌。 皇太子鼓吹入東掖門，毅劾奏之。 中護軍、散騎常侍羊琇，與帝有舊恩，典禁兵，豫機密十-{餘}-年，恃寵驕侈，數犯法。 毅劾奏琇罪當死； 帝遣齊王攸私請琇-{於}-毅，毅許之。 都官從事廣平程衞徑馳入護軍營，收琇屬吏，考問陰私，先奏琇所犯狼籍，然-{後}-言-{於}-毅。 帝不得已，免琇官。 未-{幾}-，-{復}-使以白衣領職。 琇。 景獻皇-{后}-之從父弟也； -{後}-將軍王愷，文明皇-{后}-之弟也； 散騎常侍、侍中石崇，苞之子也。 三人皆富-{於}-財，競以奢侈相髙。 愷以□-{台}-澳釜，崇以-{蠟}-代薪； 愷作紫絲歩障四十-{里}-，崇作錦歩障五十-{里}-； 崇塗屋以椒，愷用赤石脂。 帝毎助愷，嘗以珊瑚樹賜之，髙二尺許，愷以示崇，崇便以鐵如意碎之； 愷怒，以爲疾己之寶。 崇曰：「不足多恨，今還卿！」 乃命左右悉取其家珊瑚樹，髙三、四尺者六、七株，如愷比者甚衆； 愷心光然自失。
As metropolitan commandant, Liu Yi investigated and restrained powerful nobles without fear or favor. When the crown prince's ceremonial musicians entered the Eastern Side Gate, Liu Yi impeached and reported it. Yang Xiu, Central Protector of the Army and Attendant Cavalier, had old favor with the emperor, commanded the palace guard, and participated in secrets for more than ten years. Relying on favor he was arrogant and extravagant and repeatedly violated the law. Liu Yi impeached Yang Xiu, reporting that his crime deserved death; the emperor sent Prince of Qi Sima You to privately intercede for Yang Xiu with Liu Yi, and Liu Yi agreed. Cheng Wei of Guangping, an aide in the Capital Crimes Office, rode straight into the Protector of the Army's camp, seized Yang Xiu's subordinate officials, and interrogated their private affairs. He first reported Yang Xiu's crimes in detail, and only then spoke to Liu Yi. The emperor had no choice and dismissed Yang Xiu from office. Before long, he was again made to hold the post in plain clothes. Yang Xiu. He was a cousin of Empress Dowager Jingxian; General of the Rear Wang Kai was Empress Dowager Wenming's younger brother; Shi Chong, Attendant Cavalier and Palace Attendant, was the son of Shi Bao. All three were immensely wealthy and competed to outdo each other in extravagance. Wang Kai scrubbed his cauldron with sugar water; Shi Chong used wax for fuel; Wang Kai made purple silk screens forty li long; Shi Chong made brocade screens fifty li long; Shi Chong coated his walls with pepper; Wang Kai used red ochre. The emperor always favored Wang Kai and once bestowed on him a coral tree about two feet high. Wang Kai showed it to Shi Chong, and Shi Chong immediately smashed it with an iron ruyi scepter; Wang Kai was angry, thinking Shi Chong envied his treasure. Shi Chong said: "No need for much regret—I return it to you now!" He then ordered his attendants to bring out all the coral trees from his house—six or seven trees three or four feet high, and many like Wang Kai's; Wang Kai's spirit dimmed and he was utterly defeated.
46
車騎司馬傅-{咸}-上書曰：「先王之治天下，食肉衣帛，皆有其-{制}-。 竊謂奢侈之費，甚-{於}-天災。 古者人稠地狹，而有儲蓄，由-{於}-節也。 今者土曠人稀，而患不足，由-{於}-奢也。 欲時人崇儉，當詰其奢。 奢不見詰，轉相髙尚，無有窮極矣！」
Fu Xian, Chief Commandant of Cavalry and Chariots, submitted a memorial: "When former kings governed the realm, eating meat and wearing silk each had its proper measure. I venture to say that the cost of extravagance exceeds natural disasters. In antiquity people were dense and land narrow, yet there were reserves—because of frugality. Now land is broad and people sparse, yet there is want—because of extravagance. If one wishes people to honor frugality, one must investigate their extravagance. If extravagance goes uninvestigated, it will be passed upward in competition, with no end!"
47
尚書張華，以文學-{才}-識名重一時，論者皆謂華宜爲三公。 中書監荀勗、侍中馮紞以伐呉之謀深疾之。 會帝問華：「誰可-{托}--{後}-事者？」 華對以「明德至親，莫如齊王。」 由是忤旨，勗因而譖之。 甲午，以華都督幽州諸軍事。 華至鎭，撫循夷夏，譽望益振，帝-{復}-欲-{征}-之。 馮紞侍帝，從容語及-{鐘}-會，紞曰：「會之反，頗由太祖。」 帝變色曰：「卿是何言邪！」 紞免冠謝曰：「臣聞善-{御}-者必知六轡緩急之宜，故孔子以仲由兼人而退之，冉求退弱而進之。 漢髙祖尊寵五王而夷滅，光武抑損諸將而克終。 非上有仁暴之殊，下有愚智之異也，蓋抑揚與奪使之然耳。 -{鐘}-會-{才}-智有限，而太祖誇獎無極，居以重勢，委以大兵，使會自謂算無遺策，功在不賞，遂構凶逆耳。 向令太祖録其小能，節以大禮，抑之以威權，納之以軌則，則亂心無由生矣。」 帝曰：「然。」 紞稽首曰：「陛下旣然臣之言，宜思堅冰之漸，勿使如會之徒-{復}-致傾覆。」 帝曰：「當今豈-{復}-有如會者邪？」 紞因屛左右而言曰：「陛下謀畫之臣，著大功-{於}-天下，-{據}-方鎭、總戎馬者，皆在陛下聖慮矣。」 帝默然，由是止，不-{征}-華。
Zhang Hua, Director of the Masters of Writing, was famed for literary talent and knowledge; commentators all said he should be one of the Three Dukes. Director of the Palace Secretariat Xun Xu and Palace Attendant Feng Dan deeply resented him over the plan to attack Wu. When the emperor asked Zhang Hua: "Who can be entrusted with affairs after me?" Zhang Hua answered: "In virtue and closeness, none compares to the Prince of Qi." Thereby he went against the emperor's intent, and Xun Xu slandered him on this account. On jiawu, Zhang Hua was made area commander of all military affairs in You Province. When Zhang Hua reached his post, he won over both Chinese and non-Chinese subjects, and his reputation grew ever stronger—whereupon the emperor again wished to recall him to court. Feng Dan was attending the emperor when, in relaxed conversation, they came to speak of Zhong Hui. Feng said, "Zhong Hui's rebellion owed much to the Founding Emperor." The emperor's face darkened. "What sort of talk is that!" Feng removed his cap and apologized: "I have heard that a skilled charioteer must know how tight or loose to hold each of the six reins. That is why Confucius dismissed Zhong You for being overbearing, and promoted Ran Qiu for being retiring and mild. Emperor Gaozu of Han lavished honors on the five kings, and they were wiped out; Emperor Guangwu kept his generals in check, and his reign ended in peace. It was not that one ruler was benevolent and another brutal, or that one subject was wise and another foolish. Restraint and promotion, reward and withdrawal—these made the difference. Zhong Hui's talent and wit were limited, yet the Founding Emperor praised and rewarded him without end, gave him great power, and entrusted him with vast armies—until Hui came to believe his plans were flawless and his merit beyond reward, and so he turned to treason. Had the Founding Emperor instead noted his modest abilities, restrained him with proper ceremony, checked him with authority, and bound him to rule and law, rebellious thoughts would never have taken root." The emperor said, "True." Feng kowtowed and said, "Since Your Majesty agrees with me, you should remember how solid ice forms by degrees—and not let men like Zhong Hui bring ruin again." The emperor said, "In this age, could there again be anyone like Zhong Hui?" Feng then dismissed those present and said, "Your Majesty's chief strategists—men who have won great merit under Heaven, who hold regional commands and control armies—are all in Your Majesty's mind." The emperor said nothing. From that point he dropped the matter and did not recall Zhang Hua.
48
三月，安北將軍嚴詢敗慕容渉歸-{於}-昌黎，斬獲萬計。
In the third month, General Who Pacifies the North Yan Xun defeated Murong Shegui at Changli, killing and capturing tens of thousands.
49
魯公賈充老病，上遣皇太子省視起居。 充自憂諡傳，從子模曰：「是非久自見，不可掩也！」 夏，四月，庚午，充薨。 世子黎民早卒，無嗣，妻郭槐欲以充外孫韓謐爲世孫，郎中令韓-{咸}-、中尉曹軫諫曰：「禮無異姓爲-{後}-之文，今而行之，是使先公受譏-{於}--{後}-世而懷愧-{於}-地下也。」 槐不-{聽}-。 -{咸}-等上書，救改立嗣，事寢不報。 槐遂表陳之，-{雲}-充遺意。 帝許之，仍詔「自非功如太宰，始封、無-{後}-者，皆不得以爲比。」 及太常議諡，博士秦秀曰：「充悖禮溺情，以亂大倫。 昔鄫養外孫莒公子爲-{後}-，《春秋》書『莒人滅鄫』。 絶父祖之血食，開朝廷之亂原。 按《諡法》：『昏亂紀度曰荒』，請諡『荒公』。」 帝不從，更諡曰武。
Duke of Lu Jia Chong was old and ill, and the emperor sent the crown prince to visit him and inquire after his health. Jia Chong worried about his posthumous name and how history would judge him. His nephew Jia Mo said, "Right and wrong reveal themselves in time—they cannot be hidden forever!" In summer, in the fourth month, on gengwu, Jia Chong died. The heir Jia Limin had died young without issue. His wife Guo Huai wished to make Jia Chong's maternal grandson Han Mi the heir. Supervisor of the Heir Han Xian and Commandant of the Capital Guards Cao Zhen remonstrated: "The rites know no precedent for making a man of another surname one's heir. To do this now would expose your late lord to ridicule in later ages and shame in the grave." Guo Huai would not listen. Han Xian and the others submitted urgent memorials asking that the succession be changed, but the matter was shelved without reply. Guo Huai then submitted a memorial stating her case, saying it had been Jia Chong's dying wish. The emperor approved, and further decreed: "Unless one's merit equals the Grand Preceptor's and one was enfeoffed at the dynasty's founding without an heir, none may cite this as a precedent." When the Minister of Ceremonies deliberated on his posthumous title, Erudite Qin Xiu said, "Jia Chong violated ritual and indulged private feeling, overturning the great bonds of human order. In antiquity Zeng made a grandson of Ju its heir, and the Spring and Autumn Annals records: 'The people of Ju destroyed Zeng.' It cut off the sacrificial offerings to fathers and ancestors and opened the wellspring of disorder at court. According to the Posthumous Names Canon, 'One who confuses institutions through disorder is called Huang.' We request the posthumous title Duke Huang." The emperor refused and instead gave him the posthumous title Wu.
50
閏月，丙子，廣陸成侯李胤薨。
In the intercalary month, on bingzi, Marquis Cheng of Guanglu Li Yin died.
51
齊王攸德望日隆，荀勗、馮紞、楊珧皆惡之。 紞言-{於}-帝曰：「陛下詔諸侯之國，宜從親者始。 親者莫如齊王，今獨留京師，可乎？」 勗曰：「百僚内外皆歸心齊王，陛下萬歳-{後}-，太子不得立矣。 陛下試詔齊王之國，必舉朝以爲不可，則臣言驗矣。」 帝以爲然。 冬，十二月，甲申，詔曰：「古者九命作伯，或入毘朝政，或出-{御}-方-{岳}-，其揆一也。 侍中、司空齊王攸，佐命立勳，劬勞王室，其以爲大司馬、都督靑州諸軍事，侍中如故，仍加崇典禮，主者詳案舊-{制}-施行。 ?睄以汝南王亮爲太尉、録尚書事、領太子太傅，光祿大夫山濤爲司徒，尚書令衞瓘爲司空。
The Prince of Qi's virtue and prestige rose day by day, and Xun Xu, Feng Dan, and Yang Yao all resented him. Feng Dan said to the emperor, "Your Majesty has decreed that the princes should go to their states. One ought to begin with the closest kin. No one is closer than the Prince of Qi, yet he alone remains in the capital—is that acceptable?" Xun Xu said, "Officials inside and outside court all look to the Prince of Qi. After Your Majesty's death, the crown prince will not be able to take the throne. If Your Majesty tries ordering the Prince of Qi to his state, the whole court is sure to protest—and then my words will be proved." The emperor thought this sound. In winter, in the twelfth month, on jiashen, an edict stated: "In antiquity, nine investitures made a chief minister: one might enter to assist at court, or go out to command the regions—the principle was the same. Palace Attendant and Minister of Works Sima You, the Prince of Qi, who helped establish the dynasty and toiled for the royal house, is appointed Grand Marshal and Area Commander of all military affairs in Qing Province, retaining his rank as Palace Attendant, with enhanced ceremonial honors. The responsible offices shall examine the old regulations and carry them out. Then he appointed the Prince of Runan, Sima Liang, Grand Commandant, Recorder of the Masters of Writing, and Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince; Shan Tao, Minister of the Imperial Household, as Minister over the Masses; and Wei Guan, Director of the Masters of Writing, as Minister of Works.
52
-{征}-東大將軍王渾上書，以爲：「攸至親盛德，侔-{於}-周公，宜贊皇朝，與聞政事。 今出攸之國，假以都督虚號，而無典戎-{干}-方之實，虧友-{於}-款篤之義，懼非陛下追述先帝、文明太-{后}-待攸之宿意也。 若以同姓寵之太厚，則有呉、楚逆亂之謀，漢之呂、霍、王氏，皆何人也！ -{歴}-觀古今，苟事之輕重所在，不無爲害，唯當任正道而求忠良耳。 若以智計猜物，雖親見疑，至-{於}-疎者，庸可保乎！ 愚以爲太子太保缺，宜留攸居之，與汝南王亮、楊珧共-{干}-朝事。 三人齊位，足相持正，旣無偏重相傾之勢，又不失親親仁覆之恩，計之盡善者也。」 -{於}-是扶風王駿、光祿大夫李喜、中護軍羊琇、侍中王濟、甄德皆切諫。 帝-{並}-不從。 濟使其妻常山公主及德妻長廣公主倶入，稽顙涕泣，請帝留攸。 帝怒，謂侍中王戎曰：「兄弟至親，今出齊王，自是朕家事，而甄德、王濟連遣婦來生哭人邪！」 乃出濟爲國子祭酒，德爲大鴻臚。 羊琇與北軍中候成粲謀見楊珧，手刃殺之； 珧知之，辭疾不出，諷有司奏琇，左遷太-{僕}-。 琇憤怨，-{發}-病卒。 李喜亦以年老遜位，卒-{於}-家。 喜在朝，姻親故人，與之分衣共食，而未嘗私以王官，人以此稱之。
General Who Conquers the East Wang Hun submitted a memorial arguing that the Prince of Qi, being the closest kin and foremost in virtue, was the equal of the Duke of Zhou and ought to support the imperial court and share in governance. To send the prince to his state now, giving him only the empty title of area commander without real authority over armies and frontiers, violates the bond of brotherly affection. I fear this is not what Your Majesty intends in honoring the late emperor's and Empress Dowager Wenming's longstanding regard for him. If one says that favoring one's own kin too richly invites rebellion like Wu and Chu, then who were the Lü, Huo, and Wang clans of Han? Looking through history, wherever power concentrates, harm follows. One must simply employ the upright Way and seek loyal and worthy men. If one uses cunning to suspect everyone, even the closest kin fall under suspicion—how then can anyone distant be trusted? I believe the post of Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince is vacant. The prince should be kept in it, sharing court affairs with the Prince of Runan and Yang Yao. The three, equal in rank, would be enough to check and balance one another—without one side's weight tipping the rest, yet without losing the grace of kinship. It would be the most complete plan. Thereupon the Prince of Fufeng Sima Jun, Minister of the Imperial Household Li Xi, Protector of the Army Yang Xiu, Palace Attendant Wang Ji, and Zhen De all remonstrated urgently. The emperor rejected them all. Wang Ji sent in his wife, the Princess of Changshan, and Zhen De's wife, the Princess of Chaguang. Both kowtowed, weeping, and begged the emperor to keep the Prince of Qi at court. The emperor grew angry and said to Palace Attendant Wang Rong, "Brothers are the closest of kin. Sending the Prince of Qi away is my family affair—yet Zhen De and Wang Ji keep sending their wives to come mourn and wail before me!" He then transferred Wang Ji to Director of the National University and Zhen De to Grand Herald. Yang Xiu and Central Army Commandant Cheng Can plotted to visit Yang Yao and kill him with their own hands; Yao learned of it, pleaded illness, and stayed away; he hinted that the authorities should memorialize against Xiu, who was demoted to Grand Coachman. Xiu, full of resentment, fell ill and died. Li Xi also yielded his office on account of age and died at home. While Li Xi served at court, he shared clothes and food with kinsmen and old friends, yet never privately gave them princely offices—and people praised him for it.
53
是歳，散騎常侍薛瑩卒。 或謂呉郡陸喜曰：「瑩-{於}-呉士當爲第一乎？」 喜曰：「瑩在四五之間，安得爲第一！ 夫以孫皓無道，呉國之士，沈默其體，潛而勿用者，第一也； 避尊居卑，祿以代耕者，第二也； 侃然體國，執正不懼者，第三也； 斟酌時宜，時獻微益者，第四也； 温恭修愼，不爲謅首者」第五也； 過此以往，不足-{複}-數。 故彼上士多淪沒而遠悔吝，中士有聲位而近禍殃。 觀瑩之處身本末，又安得爲第一乎！」
That year, Regular Attendant of Cavalry Xue Ying died. Someone asked Lu Xi of Wu Commandery, "Among Wu scholars, should Xue Ying rank first?" Lu Xi said, "Ying falls between fourth and fifth—how can he be first! Under Sun Hao's wicked rule, among Wu scholars those who kept silent, withdrew, and refused to serve ranked first; those who shunned high rank for low office and took salary as a farmer's substitute ranked second; those who stood upright for the state and held to principle without fear ranked third; those who weighed the times and occasionally offered modest counsel ranked fourth; those who were warm, respectful, and careful, and did not play the chief flatterer ranked fifth;" Beyond these, they are not worth counting. Thus the highest scholars mostly sank into obscurity with distant regret, while middling scholars won fame and office but drew near disaster. Looking at how Ying conducted himself from start to finish—how can he be first!"
54
春，正月，甲申，以尚書右-{僕}-射魏舒爲左-{僕}-射，下邳王晃爲右-{僕}-射。 晃，孚之子也。
In spring, in the first month, on jiashen, Right Deputy Director of the Masters of Writing Wei Shu was made Left Deputy Director, and the Prince of Xiapi Sima Huang was made Right Deputy Director. Huang was the son of Sima Fu.
55
戊午，新沓康伯山濤薨。
On wuwu, Duke Kang of Xinta, Shan Tao, died.
56
帝命太常議崇錫齊王之物。 博士庾敷、太叔廣、劉暾、繆蔚、郭頤、秦秀、傅珍上表曰：「昔周選建德以左右王室，周公、康叔、聃季，皆入爲三公，明股肱之任重，守地之位輕也。 漢諸王侯，位在丞相、三公上，其入贊朝政者，乃有兼宮，其出之國，亦不-{復}-假-{台}-司虚名爲隆寵也。 今使齊王賢邪，則不宜以母弟之親尊居魯、衞之常職； 不賢邪，不宜大啓土宇，表建東海也。 古禮，三公無職，坐而論道，不聞以方任嬰之。 惟宣王救急朝夕，然-{後}-命召穆公-{征}-淮夷，故其詩曰：『徐方不回，王曰旋歸。』 宰相不得久在外也。 今天下已定，六合爲家，將數延三事，與論太平之基，而更出之，去王城二千-{里}-，違舊章矣。」 敷，純之子； 暾，毅之子也。 敷旣具草，先以呈純，純不禁。
The emperor ordered the Minister of Ceremonies to deliberate on the honors to be granted the Prince of Qi. Erudites Yu Fu, Taishu Guang, Liu Tun, Miao Wei, Guo Yi, Qin Xiu, and Fu Zhen submitted a memorial: "In antiquity Zhou chose men of established virtue to support the royal house. The Duke of Zhou, Uncle Kang, and Uncle Dan all entered court as the Three Dukes, showing that the burden of serving as the king's arms and thighs was weighty, while guarding a domain was comparatively light. Han princes and marquises outranked the chancellor and the Three Dukes. Those who entered to assist at court might hold concurrent offices, but when they went out to their states they were not given empty titles of the Three Platforms merely as inflated favor. If the Prince of Qi is worthy, it is not fitting to honor a younger brother of the same mother with the ordinary duties of Lu and Wei; If he is not worthy, it is not fitting to grant him vast territory and proclaim a great eastern domain. By ancient ritual the Three Dukes had no fixed duties; they sat and discussed the Way. One never hears of them being burdened with regional command. Only when King Xuan faced urgent peril day and night did he command Duke Mu of Shao to campaign against the Huaiyi. Hence the ode says: 'Xu had not yet submitted when the king said, Turn back and return.' A chief minister must not long remain abroad. Now the realm is settled and all under Heaven is one household. You will repeatedly summon the Three Excellencies to discuss the foundations of peace—yet you send him out again, two thousand li from the capital, in violation of ancient precedent." Fu was the son of Chun; Tun was the son of Yi. After Fu had completed the draft, he first showed it to Chun, who did not forbid it.
57
事過太常鄭默、博士祭酒曹-{志}-，-{志}-愴然歎曰：「安有如此之-{才}-，如此之親，不得樹本助化，而遠出海隅！ 晉室之隆，其殆矣乎！」 乃奏議曰：「古之夾輔王室，同姓則周公、異姓則太公，皆身居朝廷，五世反葬。 及其衰也，雖有五霸代興，豈與周、召之治同日而論哉！ 自羲皇以來，豈一姓所能獨有！ 當推至公之心，與天下共其利害，乃能享國久長。 是以秦、魏欲獨擅其權而-{才}-得沒身，周、漢能分其利而親疎爲用，此前事之明驗也。 -{志}-以爲當如博士等議。」 帝覽之，大怒曰：「曹-{志}-尚不明吾心，況四海乎！」 且謂：「博士不答所問而答所不問，橫造異論。」 下有司策免鄭默。 -{於}-是尚書朱整、褚等奏：「-{志}-等侵官離局，迷惘朝廷，崇飾晉言，假-{托}-無諱，請收-{志}-等付廷尉科罪。」 詔免-{志}-官，以公還第； 其-{餘}-皆付廷尉科罪。
The matter passed before Minister of Ceremonies Zheng Mo and Erudite Libationer Cao Zhi. Zhi sighed in grief and said, "How can there be talent such as this, kinship such as this—and yet he cannot take root and help govern, but is sent far to the edge of the sea! The glory of the house of Jin—is it not in peril!" He then submitted a deliberation: "Those who supported the royal house in antiquity—of the same surname there was the Duke of Zhou, of another surname there was Grand Duke Wang—all personally served at court, and for five generations were buried back home. When Zhou declined, though the Five Hegemons rose in turn, how could that be spoken of in the same breath as the governance of the Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shao! From Fu Xi and the Yellow Emperor onward, how could one surname alone possess the realm forever! One must extend the utmost public-minded heart and share benefit and harm with all under Heaven—only then can one enjoy the state long. Thus Qin and Wei sought to monopolize power and gained only death in their own day; Zhou and Han were able to share benefit and employ both close and distant kin—this is the clear lesson of history. Zhi held that the court should follow the erudites' deliberation." The emperor read it and flew into a rage. "If Cao Zhi still does not understand my heart, how much less all under Heaven!" He also said, "The erudites did not answer what was asked but answered what was not asked, recklessly inventing contrary opinions." He ordered the responsible offices to dismiss Zheng Mo by edict. Thereupon Directors of the Masters of Writing Zhu Zheng, Chu, and others memorialized: "Zhi and the others overstepped their offices, departed from their duties, and misled the court, exalting Jin rhetoric under the pretense of frank speech. We request that Zhi and the others be arrested and handed to the Minister of Justice for punishment." An edict dismissed Zhi from office and sent him home with ducal rank; the rest were all handed to the Minister of Justice for punishment.
58
庾純詣廷尉自首：「敷以議草見示，愚淺-{聽}-之。」 詔免純罪。 廷尉劉頌奏敷等大不敬，當棄市。 尚書奏請報-{聽}-廷尉行刑。 尚書夏侯駿曰：「官立八座，正爲此時。」 乃獨爲駁議。 左-{僕}-射下邳王晃亦從駿議。 奏留中七日，乃詔曰：「敷是議主，應爲戮首； 但敷家人自首，宜-{並}-廣等七人皆丐其死命，-{並}-除名。」
Yu Chun went to the Minister of Justice and confessed: "Fu showed me the draft deliberation, and in my folly I assented to it." An edict exempted Chun from punishment. Minister of Justice Liu Song memorialized that Fu and the others had committed great disrespect and should be executed in the marketplace. The Masters of Writing memorialized requesting approval for the Minister of Justice to carry out the execution. Director of the Masters of Writing Xiahou Jun said, "The Eight Seats were established precisely for moments such as this." With that, he alone submitted a dissenting memorial. The Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, Sima Huang, Prince of Xiapi, sided with Jun's proposal as well. The memorial was held at court for seven days before an edict was issued: "Fu is the chief advocate of this proposal and should pay with his life as the ringleader; But since Fu's family had come forward to confess, Yi Bingguang and the six others all pleaded for his life, and all seven were stripped of their posts."
59
二月，詔以濟南郡益齊國。 己-{丑}-，立齊王攸子長樂亭侯寔爲北海王，命攸備物典策，設軒轅之樂，六佾之舞，黃鉞朝車，乘輿之副從焉。
In the second month, an edict transferred Jinan commandery to enlarge the Kingdom of Qi. On the day jichou, Chang Le District Marquis Shi, son of Prince of Qi Sima You, was invested as Prince of Beihai. You was commanded to furnish the ceremonial patent and regalia—the Xuanyuan music, the six-row dance, the yellow battle-axe and court carriage, with a secondary imperial carriage in attendance.
60
三月，辛-{丑}-朔，日有食之。
In the third month, on the new moon of the day xinchou, there was a solar eclipse.
61
齊獻王攸憤怨-{發}-病，乞守先-{後}-陵。 帝不許，遣-{御}-醫診視。 諸醫希旨，皆言無疾。 河南尹向雄諫曰：「陛下子弟雖多，然有德望者少； 齊王臣居京邑，所益實深，不可不思也。」 帝不納，雄憤恚而卒。 攸疾轉篤，帝猶催上道。 攸自強入辭，素持容儀，疾雖困，尚自整厲，舉止如常，帝益疑其無疾； 辭出數日，嘔血而薨。 帝往臨喪，攸子冏號踴，訴父病爲醫所誣。 詔卽誅醫，以冏爲嗣。
Prince Xian of Qi, Sima You, fell ill with resentment and grief, and petitioned to serve as guardian of the imperial tombs. The emperor refused and dispatched court physicians to examine him. Reading the emperor's wishes, the physicians all declared him healthy. The Intendant of Henan, Xiang Xiong, remonstrated: "Your Majesty has many sons and brothers, but few of them enjoy real moral authority; Prince of Qi Sima You, your own kinsman, remains in the capital—the good he does the realm is profound, and Your Majesty must not take that lightly." The emperor ignored the counsel. Xiong died consumed by anger and grief. As You's illness worsened, the emperor still pressed him to depart for his post. You rallied his strength to come in and bid farewell. Always punctilious in bearing, though gravely ill he still held himself upright and behaved as if nothing were wrong. The emperor only grew more convinced he was feigning sickness. A few days after his farewell, he vomited blood and died. The emperor came in person to pay respects at the bier. You's son Sima Jiong wailed and beat his breast, accusing the physicians of having lied about his father's condition. The emperor at once ordered the physicians put to death and named Jiong his heir.
62
初，帝愛攸甚篤，爲荀勗、馮紞等所構，欲爲身-{後}-之慮，故出之。 及薨，帝哀慟不已。 馮紞侍側，曰：「齊王名過其實，天下歸之，今自薨殞，社稷之福也，陛下何哀之過！」 帝收涙而止。 詔攸喪禮依安平獻王故事。
At first the emperor had loved You with exceptional devotion. Xun Xu, Feng Dan, and their faction slandered him and, looking out for their own prospects after his death, engineered his removal from court. When You died, the emperor could not stop grieving. Feng Dan, standing at his side, said, "The Prince of Qi's fame outran his merit, and the realm looked to him with hope. Now that he has died a natural death, the altars of state are the better for it. Why grieve so deeply, Your Majesty?" The emperor checked his tears and fell silent. An edict directed that You's funeral follow the precedent set for Prince Xian of Anping.
63
攸舉動以禮，鮮有過事，雖帝亦敬憚之。 毎引之同處，必擇言而-{後}--{發}-。
You conducted himself scrupulously by the rites and rarely erred. Even the emperor treated him with respect mingled with caution. Whenever the emperor kept him close, You was always careful to choose his words before he spoke.
64
夏，五月，己亥，琅邪武王伷薨。
In summer, the fifth month, on the day jihai, Prince Wu of Langya, Sima Zhou, died.
65
冬，十一月，以尚書左-{僕}-射魏舒爲司徒。
In winter, the eleventh month, Wei Shu, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, was appointed Grand Commandant.
66
河南及荊、揚等六州大水。
Massive flooding struck six provinces, including Henan, Jing, and Yang.
67
歸命侯孫皓卒。
Sun Hao, the Marquis of Guiming, died.
68
是歳，鮮卑慕容渉歸卒。 弟刪篡立，將殺渉歸子廆，廆亡匿-{於}-遼東徐郁家。
That year Murong Shegui of the Xianbei died. His younger brother Shan seized power in a coup. When Shan moved to kill Shegui's son Murong Hui, Hui fled into hiding with Xu Yu of Liaodong.
69
春，正月，己亥，有靑龍二，見武庫井中。 帝觀之，有喜色。 百官將賀，尚書左-{僕}-射劉毅表曰：「昔龍降夏庭，卒爲周禍。 《易》稱『潛龍勿用，陽在下也。』 尋案舊典，無賀龍之禮。」 帝從之。
In spring, the first month, on the day jihai, two azure dragons appeared in the well of the imperial armory. The emperor went to view them and could not hide his pleasure. As the officials prepared to offer congratulations, the Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, Liu Yi, submitted a memorial: "In antiquity a dragon appeared in the Xia court, yet in the end it brought disaster upon Zhou. The Book of Changes says, "The hidden dragon must not be deployed—the yang force still lies below." A search of the ancient records finds no ceremony for celebrating the appearance of a dragon." The emperor accepted his counsel.
70
初，陳群以吏部不能審核天下之士，故令郡國各置中正，州置大中正，皆取本士之人任朝廷官，德充-{才}-盛者爲之，使銓次等級以爲九品，有言行修著則升之，道義虧缺則降之，吏部憑之以補授百官。 行之浸久，中正或非其人，-{奸}-敝日滋。 劉毅上疎曰：「今立中正，定九品，髙下任意，榮辱在手，操人主之威福，奪天朝之權威，公無考校之負，私無告訐之忌，用心百態，營求萬端，廉讓之風滅，爭訟之俗成，臣竊爲聖朝恥之！ 蓋中正之設，-{於}-損政之道有八； 髙下逐強弱，是非隨興衰，一人之身，旬日異狀，上品無寒門，下品無勢族，一也。 置州都者，本取州裡淸議-{咸}-所歸服，將以鎭異同，一言議也。 今重其任而輕其人，使駁違之論橫-{於}-州裡，嫌仇之隙結-{於}-大臣，二也。 本立格之體，爲九品者，謂-{才}-德有優劣，倫輩有首尾也。 今乃使優劣易地，首尾倒錯，三也。 陛下賞善罰惡，無不裁之以法，獨置中正，委以一國之重，曾無賞罰之防，又禁人不得訴訟，使之縱橫任意，無所顧憚，諸受枉者，抱怨積直，不獲上聞，四也。 一國之士，多者千數，或流徙異邦，或取給殊方，-{面}-猶不識，況盡其-{才}-！ 而中正知與不知，皆當品狀，采譽-{於}--{台}-府，納毀-{於}-流言，任己則有不識之蔽，-{聽}-受則有彼此之偏，五也。 凡求人-{才}-者，欲以治民也，今當官著效者或附卑品，在官無績者更獲髙敘，是爲抑功實而隆空名，長浮華而廢考績，六也。 凡官不同人，事不同能。 今不狀其-{才}-之所宜而但第爲九品，以品取人，或非-{才}-能之所長，以狀取人，則爲本品之所限，徒結白論而品狀相妨，七也。 九品所下不彰其罪，所上不列其善，各任愛憎，以植其私，天下之人焉得不懈德行而鋭人事，八也。 由此論之，職名中正，實爲-{奸}-府； 事名九品，而有八損。 古今之失，莫大-{於}-此！ 愚臣以爲宜罷中正，除九品，棄魏氏之敝法，更立一代之美-{制}-。」 太尉汝南王亮、司空衞瓘亦上疎曰：「魏氏承喪亂之-{後}-，人士流移，考詳無地，故立九品之-{制}-，粗且爲一時選用之本耳。 今九域同規，大化方始，臣等以爲宜皆蕩除末法，-{咸}-用土斷，自公卿以下，以所居爲正，無-{復}-縣客，遠屬異土，盡除中正九品之-{制}-，使舉善進-{才}-，各由鄕論，則華競自息，各求-{於}-己矣。」 始平王文學江夏李重上疎，以爲：「九品旣除，宜先開移徙，-{聽}-相-{並}-就，則土斷之實行矣。」 帝雖善其言而終不能改也。
At first Chen Qun, finding that the Ministry of Personnel could not vet talent across the realm, ordered every commandery and state to appoint a Rectifier and every province a Grand Rectifier. These posts went to local men serving at court who possessed both virtue and ability. They were to rank candidates into nine grades—promoting those of proven conduct and demoting those who fell short in moral principle—while the Ministry of Personnel used their ratings to fill all offices. As the system endured, the Rectifiers were not always worthy appointees, and corruption grew worse by the day. Liu Yi submitted a memorial: "With Rectifiers in place and the nine ranks fixed, they decide rank at whim and hold honor and disgrace in their hands. They wield the sovereign's rewards and punishments and seize authority that belongs to the throne. They bear no public duty of verification and fear no private accusation. Their minds twist through every guise and their scheming knows no limit. The spirit of modest yielding is dead, and a culture of litigation thrives. Your servant is ashamed for this sacred dynasty! Taken together, the Rectifier system inflicts eight distinct harms upon good government: Rank follows power, not merit; judgment shifts with a family's fortunes; a single man's rating can change within ten days; no humble house reaches the top grade, and no great clan sinks to the bottom—the first harm. Provincial commissioners were meant to be men whom local opinion universally respected, to settle disputes and speak with one voice—the second intended purpose, now perverted. Today the office carries great weight but unworthy men fill it, so contradictory verdicts spread through every province and feuds among senior ministers deepen—the second harm. The nine-rank framework was meant to distinguish better from worse in talent and virtue, and to order peers from first to last within each grade. Now the worthy and unworthy trade places and the proper order is turned upside down—the third harm. Your Majesty rewards virtue and punishes wrongdoing under the law in every other matter, yet Rectifiers alone are entrusted with a province's worth of power without any check, and the wronged are forbidden to sue. They act without restraint, while those who suffer injustice pile up grievances that never reach the throne—the fourth harm. The men of a single state number in the thousands; some have been displaced abroad, others live and work far from home—the Rectifier does not even know their faces, let alone their full abilities! Yet whether they know a candidate or not, Rectifiers must still issue formal ratings—gathering praise from the bureaucracy and accepting slander from gossip. Trust themselves and they are blind; trust others and they are partial—the fifth harm. Talent is sought to govern the people, yet officials who produce results are sometimes ranked low while those who achieve nothing win higher appointments. Real merit is suppressed and empty reputation exalted; showiness flourishes while performance review withers—the sixth harm. Every office suits a different man, and every task demands a different skill. Today no account is taken of what each man's talents suit; men are simply slotted into one of nine grades. Appoint by grade and you may miss the man's true strength; appoint by evaluation and you are trapped within that grade's limits. Empty argument flourishes while rank and merit pull against each other—the seventh harm. Demotions under the nine-rank system do not spell out a man's faults; promotions do not record his virtues. Each Rectifier follows private liking to serve private ends. How can men under Heaven not neglect moral cultivation and sharpen their appetite for intrigue—the eighth harm. On these grounds, an office called Rectifier is in truth a nest of corruption; a system called the nine ranks, yet bearing eight harms. Among the failures of past and present governance, none is greater than this! Your humble servant believes the Rectifiers should be abolished, the nine ranks eliminated, Wei's broken law cast aside, and a worthy institution for a new age established in its place." The Grand Commandant, Sima Liang, Prince of Runan, and the Minister of Works, Wei Guan, also submitted a memorial: "Wei arose after chaos and ruin, when scholars were scattered and thorough vetting was impossible. The nine-rank system was therefore established as a rough, temporary basis for selection. Now the realm is united under one rule and a great transformation has only just begun. We believe the defective laws of the old regime should all be swept away and household registration tied to the land. From ministers down, residence should determine affiliation—no more distant registration or attachment to foreign commanderies. Abolish the Rectifiers and the nine ranks entirely, let the recommendation of the worthy and the advancement of talent rest on local reputation, and flashy competition will die of itself while each man looks to his own improvement." Li Chong, Erudite in the household of the Prince of Shiping, from Jiangxia, submitted a memorial arguing: "Once the nine ranks are abolished, migration should be opened first—allowing people to move and settle where they choose—so that territorial registration can truly take effect." The emperor approved of their counsel but in the end could not bring himself to change the system.
71
冬，十二月，庚午，大赦。
In winter, the twelfth month, on the day gengwu, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
72
閏月，當陽成侯杜預卒。
In the intercalary month, Du Yu, Marquis of Dangyang, died.
73
是歳，塞外匈奴胡太阿厚帥部落二萬九千三百人來降，帝處之塞内西河。
That year Hu Tai'a-hou of the Xiongnu beyond the frontier led twenty-nine thousand three hundred tribesmen to surrender, and the emperor settled them inside the frontier in Xihe.
74
罷-{寧}-州入益州，置南夷校尉以護之。
Ning province was abolished and merged into Yi province, and a Commandant of the Southern Yi was appointed to oversee the region.
75
春，正月，尚書左-{僕}-射劉毅致仕，尋卒。
In spring, the first month, Liu Yi, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, retired from office and soon died.
76
戊辰，以王渾爲尚書左-{僕}-射，渾子濟爲侍中。 渾主者處事不當，濟明法繩之。 濟從兄佑，素與濟不協，因毀濟不能容其父，帝由是疎濟，-{後}-坐事免官。 濟性豪侈，帝謂侍中和嶠曰：「我將罵濟而-{後}-官之，如何？」 嶠曰：「濟俊爽，恐不可屈。」 帝乃召濟，切讓之，旣而曰：「頗知愧不？」 濟曰：「『尺布』、『-{斗}-粟』之謠，常爲陛下愧之。 他人能令親者疎，臣不能令親者親，以此愧陛下耳。」 帝默然。 嶠，治之孫也。
On the day wuchen, Wang Hun was appointed Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and his son Yang Ji was made Attendant-in-Ordinary. In the affairs under Hun's supervision, business was handled improperly, and Ji applied the law strictly to hold him to account. Ji's older cousin Yang Hu had long been at odds with him and slandered him, claiming Ji could not even tolerate his own father. The emperor therefore distanced himself from Ji, and Ji was later dismissed from office for an offense. Ji was by nature extravagant. The emperor said to the Attendant-in-Ordinary He Qiao, "I plan to scold Ji and then give him office again—what do you think?" Qiao replied, "Ji is brilliant and proud—I fear he will not be broken." The emperor then summoned Ji and rebuked him sharply, then asked, "Do you feel any shame?" Ji said, "The ballad of 'a foot of cloth, a peck of grain'—I am always ashamed on Your Majesty's account because of it. Others can drive kin apart; I cannot make kin draw close. That is why I am ashamed before Your Majesty." The emperor fell silent. Qiao was the grandson of He Zhi.
77
靑、梁、幽、冀州旱。
Qing, Liang, You, and Ji provinces suffered drought.
78
秋，八月，丙戌朔，日有食之。
In autumn, the eighth month, on the new moon of the day bingxu, there was a solar eclipse.
79
冬，十二月，庚子，襄陽武侯王濬卒。
In winter, the twelfth month, on the day gengzi, Wang Jun, Marquis of Xiangyang, died.
80
是歳，慕容刪爲其下所殺，部衆-{復}-迎渉歸子廆而立之。 渉歸與宇文部素有隙，廆請討之，朝廷弗許。 廆怒，入寇遼西，殺略甚衆。 帝遣幽州軍討廆，戰-{於}-肥如，廆衆大敗。 自是毎歳犯邊，又東撃扶-{餘}-，扶-{餘}-王依慮自殺； 子弟走保沃沮。 廆夷其國城，驅萬-{餘}-人而歸。
That year Murong Shan was killed by his own followers, and the tribesmen again welcomed Shegui's son Murong Hui and installed him as leader. Shegui had long been at odds with the Yuwen tribe, and Hui requested permission to attack them, but the court refused. Enraged, Hui raided Liaoxi, killing and plundering on a large scale. The emperor sent the army of You province against Hui. At Feiru they gave battle, and Hui's forces were routed. From then on he raided the frontier every year. He also struck east against Fuyu, and the king of Fuyu, Yilu, took his own life. His sons and younger brothers fled for safety to Woju. Hui razed the Fuyu capital and drove more than ten thousand captives home with him.
81
春，正月，甲寅朔，日有食之。 魏舒稱疾，固請遜位，以劇陽子罷。 舒所爲，必先行而-{後}-言，遜位之際，莫有知者。 衞瓘與舒書曰：「毎與足下共論此事，日日未果，可謂『瞻之在前，忽焉在-{後}-』矣。」
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of the day jiayin, there was a solar eclipse. Wei Shu pleaded illness and firmly asked to step down; Liu Ba, Marquis of Juyang, replaced him. In whatever Shu undertook, he always acted first and spoke afterward. When he stepped down, no one had known it was coming. Wei Guan wrote to Shu: "Every time you and I discussed this, day after day nothing came of it. One might say, 'It seemed right before my eyes, yet suddenly it was behind me.'"
82
夏，慕容廆寇遼東，故扶-{餘}-王依慮子依羅求帥見人還-{復}-舊國，請援-{於}-東夷校尉何龕，龕遣督護賈沈將兵送之。 廆遣其將孫丁帥騎邀之-{於}-路，沈力戰，斬丁，遂-{復}-扶-{餘}-。
In summer Murong Hui raided Liaodong. Yiluo, son of the former king of Fuyu, Yilu, asked for troops to lead his people home and restore their kingdom. He sought help from He Kan, Commandant of the Eastern Yi, who dispatched the Supervisor Jia Shen with an escort. Hui sent his general Sun Ding with cavalry to intercept them on the road. Shen fought hard, killed Ding, and restored Fuyu.
83
秋，匈奴胡都大博及萎莎胡各帥-{種}-落十萬-{餘}-口詣雍州降。
In autumn Hu Dudu Bo of the Xiongnu and the chiefs of the Weisha Hu each led more than one hundred thousand tribesmen to surrender at Yong province.
84
九月，戊寅，扶風武王駿薨。
In the ninth month, on the day wuyin, Prince Wu of Fufeng, Sima Jun, died.
85
冬，十一月，壬子，以隴西王泰都督關中諸軍事。 泰，宣帝弟馗之子也。
In winter, the eleventh month, on the day renzi, Sima Tai, Prince of Longxi, was appointed commander over all military affairs in Guanzhong. Tai was the son of Kui, younger brother of Emperor Xuan.
86
是歳，鮮卑拓跋悉鹿卒，弟綽立。
That year Tuoba Xilu of the Xianbei died, and his younger brother Chuo succeeded him.
87
春，正月，戊申朔，日有食之。
In spring, the first month, on the new moon of the day wushen, there was a solar eclipse.
88
太廟殿陷，秋，九月，改營太廟，作者六萬人。
The hall of the Imperial Ancestral Temple collapsed. In autumn, in the ninth month, the temple was rebuilt with sixty thousand laborers.
89
是歳，匈奴都督大豆得一育鞠等-{復}-帥-{種}-落萬一千五百口來降。
This year Dadou Deyu Ju and other Xiongnu commanders again led tribes totaling 11,500 persons to surrender.
90
春，正月，壬申朔，日有食之。
In spring, in the first month, on renshen, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse.
91
夏，六月，庚子朔，日有食之。 郡國三十三大旱。
In summer, in the sixth month, on gengzi, the first day of the month, there was a solar eclipse. Thirty-three commanderies and kingdoms suffered severe drought.
92
秋，八月，壬子； 星隕如雨。
In autumn, in the eighth month, on renzi; stars fell like rain.
93
地震。
There was an earthquake.