1
資治通鑑第082卷
Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance, Volume 82
2
【晉紀四】起屠維作噩，盡著雍郭牂，凡十年。
【Jin Annals 4】 From the year Tuxi Zuo'e through the year Zhu Yong Guo Qiang—ten years in all.
3
世祖武皇帝下太康十年（ 己酉，公元二八九年）
Emperor Wu of Jin, latter part of the Taikang era, tenth year ( jiyou, AD 289)
4
夏，四月，太廟成。 乙巳，祫祭。 大赦。
In summer, in the fourth month, the Grand Ancestral Temple was completed. On yisi, the court performed the joint ancestral rite. A general amnesty was proclaimed.
5
慕容廆遣使請降，五月，詔拜廆鮮卑都督。 廆謁見何龕，以士大夫禮，巾衣詣門； 龕嚴兵以見之，廆乃改服戎衣而入。 人問其故，廆曰：「主人不以禮待客，客何為哉！」 龕聞之，甚慚，深敬異之。 時鮮卑宇文氏、段氏方強，數侵掠廆，廆卑辭厚幣以事之。 段國單于階以女妻廆，生皝、仁、昭。 廆以遼東僻遠，徙居徒河之青山。
Murong Hui sent envoys to offer submission, and in the fifth month an edict appointed him Xianbei Commander-in-Chief. When Hui went to call on He Kan, he observed the courtesies owed a scholar-official, wearing a headcloth and civilian robes at the gate; Kan received him under arms in full array, so Hui changed into military dress before going in. Asked why, Hui said, "When the host does not receive his guest with proper courtesy, what is the guest supposed to do!" When Kan heard this, he was deeply ashamed and held Hui in still greater esteem. At that time the Xianbei Yuwen and Duan clans were at the height of their power and raided Hui again and again, so he placated them with humble words and lavish gifts. The Duan chieftain Jie gave his daughter to Hui in marriage, and she bore Huang, Ren, and Zhao. Finding Liaodong too remote, Hui moved his seat to Green Mountain on the Tu River.
6
冬，十月，復明堂及南郊五帝位。
In winter, in the tenth month, the Bright Hall and the southern suburban altars to the Five Emperors were restored.
7
十一月，丙辰，尚書令濟北成侯荀勖卒。 勖有才思，善伺人主意，以是能固其寵。 久在中書，專管機事。 及遷尚書，甚罔悵。 人有賀之者，勖曰：「奪我鳳皇池，諸君何賀邪！」
In the eleventh month, on bingchen, Xun Xu, Minister of the Masters of Writing and Marquis Cheng of Jibei, died. Xu was gifted and quick-witted, adept at reading the emperor's mind, and by that means he kept his favor secure. He had long served in the Secretariat, where he alone handled confidential state business. When he was moved to the Masters of Writing, he was deeply aggrieved. When someone congratulated him, Xu said, "You have taken away my Phoenix Pool—what is there to congratulate!"
8
帝極意聲色，遂至成疾。 楊駿忌汝南王亮，排出之。 甲申，以亮為侍中、大司馬、假黃鉞、大都督、督豫州諸軍事，鎮許昌； 徙南陽王柬為秦王，都督關中諸軍事； 始平王瑋為楚王，都督荊州諸軍事； 濮陽王允為淮南王，都督揚、江二州諸軍事； 並假節之國。 立皇子乂為長沙王，穎為成都王，晏為吳王，熾為豫章王，演為代王，皇孫遹為廣陵王。 又封淮南王子迪為漢王，楚王子儀為毘陵王，徙扶風王暢為順陽王，暢弟歆為新野公。 暢，駿之子也。 琅邪王覲弟澹為東武公，繇為東安公。 覲，人由之子也。
The emperor gave himself over utterly to music and women and fell seriously ill as a result. Yang Jun, who resented the Prince of Runan, Sima Liang, had him posted out of the capital. On jiashen, Liang was appointed Palace Attendant, Grand Marshal, with the yellow battle-axe conferred, Grand Commander-in-Chief, and supervisor of all military affairs in Yuzhou, with his headquarters at Xuchang; the Prince of Nanyang, Sima Jian, was reassigned as Prince of Qin and made commander of all military affairs in Guanzhong; the Prince of Shiping, Sima Wei, was made Prince of Chu and commander of all military affairs in Jingzhou; the Prince of Puyang, Sima Yun, was made Prince of Huainan and commander of all military affairs in Yang and Jiang provinces; each was granted the ceremonial staff and sent to his domain. The emperor's sons Yi, Ying, Yan, Chi, and Yan were enfeoffed as princes of Changsha, Chengdu, Wu, Yuzhang, and Dai, and the imperial grandson You as Prince of Guangling. He also enfeoffed the Prince of Huainan's son Di as Prince of Han, the Prince of Chu's son Yi as Prince of Piling, moved the Prince of Fufeng, Chang, to be Prince of Shunyang, and made Chang's younger brother Xin Duke of Xinye. Chang was Yang Jun's son. The Prince of Langye's younger brothers Dan and Yao were made Duke of Dongwu and Duke of Dong'an. Jing was the son of Ren You.
9
初，帝以才人謝玖賜太子，生皇孫遹。 宮中嘗夜失火，帝登樓望之，遹年五歲，牽帝裾入暗中曰：「暮夜倉猝，宜備非常，不可令照見人主。」 帝由是奇之。 嘗對群臣稱遹似宣帝，故天下咸歸仰之。 帝知太子不才，然恃遹明慧，故無廢立之心。 復用王佑之謀，以太子母弟柬、瑋、允分鎮要害。 又恐楊氏之逼，復以佑為北軍中候，典禁兵。 帝為皇孫遹高選僚佐，以散騎常侍劉寔志行清素，命為廣陵王傅。
Earlier, the emperor had given the consort Xie Jiu to the crown prince, and she bore the imperial grandson You. Once when fire broke out in the palace at night, the emperor climbed a tower to watch; You, then five, pulled him by the robe into the shadows and said, "In the sudden confusion of night one must guard against the unexpected—the ruler must not be exposed to view." From that time the emperor regarded him as extraordinary. He once told his ministers that You resembled Emperor Xuan of Jin, and all under Heaven came to look to him with hope. The emperor knew the crown prince was without talent, but trusted in You's brilliance, and so never considered removing him. He again followed Wang You's counsel and posted the crown prince's uterine brothers Jian, Wei, and Yun to guard the key regions. Fearing coercion from the Yang clan, he again appointed You Central Commander of the Northern Army to hold the palace troops. For the imperial grandson You the emperor chose his staff with great care; because Palace Attendant Liu Shi was known for integrity and plain living, he was appointed tutor to the Prince of Guangling.
10
寔以時俗喜進趣，少廉讓，嘗著《崇讓論》，欲令初除官通謝章者，必推賢讓能，乃得通之。 一官缺則擇為人所讓最多者用之，以為：「人情爭則欲毀己所不如，讓則競推於勝己。 故世爭則優劣難分，時讓則賢智顯出。 當此時也，能退身修己，則讓之者多矣，雖欲守貧賤，不可得也。 馳騖進趨而欲人見讓，猶卻行而求前也。」
Shi, seeing that men of the day loved advancement and scorned modest yielding, wrote 《On Honoring Yielding》, proposing that anyone newly appointed who submitted a letter of thanks must first recommend and yield to someone more worthy before the document could be accepted. When a post fell vacant, the man most often recommended by others in yielding was to be chosen. He argued, "When men contend, they seek to destroy those they cannot match; when they yield, they compete to advance those who surpass them. Thus in an age of contention, worth is hard to tell apart; in an age of yielding, the worthy and wise stand out plainly. In such a time, those who could withdraw and cultivate themselves would be widely yielded to, and even if one wished to remain poor and obscure, one could not. To rush after advancement while wanting others to see you as yielding is like walking backward while trying to go forward."
11
淮南相劉頌上疏曰：「陛下以法禁寬縱，積之有素，未可一旦直繩御下，此誠時宜也。 然至於矯世救弊，自宜漸就清肅； 譬猶行舟，雖不橫截迅流，然當漸靡而往，稍向所趨，然後得濟也。 自泰始以來，將三十年，凡諸事業，不茂既往，以陛下明聖，猶未反叔世之敝，以成始初之隆，傳之後世，不無慮乎！ 使夫異時大業，或有不安，其憂責猶在陛下也。 臣聞為社稷計，莫若封建親賢。 然宜審量事勢，使諸侯率義而動者，其力足以維帶京邑； 若包藏禍心者，其勢不足獨以有為。 其齊此甚難，陛下宜與達古今之士，深共籌之。 周之諸侯，有罪誅放其身，而國祚不泯； 漢之諸侯，有罪或無子者，國隨以亡。 今宜反漢之敝，循周之舊，則下固而上安矣。 天下至大，萬事至眾，人君至少，同於天日，是以聖王之化，執要於己，委務於下，非憚勞而好逸，誠以政體宜然也。 夫居事始以別能否，甚難察也； 因成敗以分功罪，甚易識也。 今陛下每精於造始而略於考終，此政功所以未善也。 人主誠能居易執要，考功罪於成敗之後，則群下無所逃其誅賞矣。 古者六卿分職，塚宰為師； 秦、漢已來，九列執事，丞相都總。 今尚書制斷，諸卿奉成，於古制為太重。 可出眾事付外寺，使得專之； 尚書統領大綱，若丞相之為，歲終課功，校簿賞罰而已，斯亦可矣。 今動皆受成於上，上之所失，不得復以罪下，歲終事功不建，不知所責也。 夫細過謬妄，人情之所必有，而悉糾以法，則朝野無立人矣。 近世以來為監司者，類大綱不振而微過必舉，蓋由畏避豪強而又懼職事之曠，則謹密網以羅微罪，使奏劾相接，狀似盡公，而撓法在其中矣。 是以聖王不善碎密之案，必責凶猾之奏，則害政之奸，自然禽矣。 夫創業之勳，在於立教定制，使遺風系人心，餘烈匡幼弱，後世憑之，雖昏猶明，雖愚若智，乃足尚也。 至夫修飾官署，凡諸作役，恆傷泰過，不患不舉，此將來所不須於陛下而自能者也。 今勤所不須以傷所憑，竊以為過矣。」 帝皆不能用。
Liu Song, administrator of Huainan, submitted a memorial saying, "Your Majesty, because the laws have long been lax and indulgent, it is not possible to govern your subjects all at once with the strictest rigor—that would indeed be timely counsel. Yet in correcting the age and remedying its abuses, you should move gradually toward clarity and discipline; it is like steering a boat: though one does not cut straight across the swift current, one should ease gradually onward, inching toward one's goal, and only then reach the far shore. From the Taishi era until now, nearly thirty years have passed, and in all undertakings none has surpassed what came before; with Your Majesty's brilliance, you have still not reversed the abuses of a decadent age to restore the splendor of the founding—should this not give posterity cause for concern! If in days to come the great enterprise should falter, the burden of blame will still fall on Your Majesty. I have heard that in securing the altars of state, nothing avails more than enfeoffing kinsmen and the worthy. Yet you should weigh the situation carefully, so that when the feudal lords act in accord with duty, their strength is enough to shield the capital; while those who harbor treacherous designs lack the power to act effectively on their own. To balance these is exceedingly hard; Your Majesty should consult deeply with men versed in past and present. Under the Zhou, when feudal lords sinned, they were executed or banished in person, yet their lines were not extinguished; under the Han, when feudal lords sinned or left no heirs, their states perished with them. Now you should reverse the Han abuses and follow the Zhou precedent—then the realm below would be firm and the throne secure above. All under Heaven is vast, affairs are countless, and the ruler is but one—like the sun in the sky; therefore the sage king's rule holds the essentials himself and delegates the work below—not from fear of labor or love of ease, but because that is how government ought to be ordered. To judge merit at the outset of an undertaking is very hard; to apportion merit and blame according to success and failure is very easy. Your Majesty is exacting at every beginning yet remiss at every end—that is why the government's achievements fall short. If the ruler can hold to essentials and judge merit and blame only after success or failure is known, then his ministers cannot escape reward or punishment. In antiquity the six ministers divided the duties of state, and the chief minister was their head; from Qin and Han onward the nine ministers held office and the chancellor gathered all affairs under his command. Today the Masters of Writing decide everything while the ministers merely execute—compared with antiquity, this concentrates too much power. You could hand most affairs to the outer offices and let them specialize; the Masters of Writing would oversee the broad outline, as the chancellor once did, and at year's end examine achievement, check the registers, and assign rewards and punishments—that would suffice. Now every matter is decided above and merely executed below; the ruler's errors cannot be laid on his ministers—when year-end comes and nothing is accomplished, no one knows whom to blame. Petty faults are inevitable in human affairs, yet if all are prosecuted by law, then court and country alike will have no one left standing. In recent times overseers have failed to enforce the great principles yet seized on every petty fault—fearing the powerful while dreading neglect of duty, they weave tight nets for small crimes and file impeachment after impeachment, seeming wholly impartial while bending the law in the process. Therefore the sage king does not encourage fragmented, petty prosecutions but holds responsible vicious and crafty memorials—then the villains who harm government will be taken of themselves. The merit of founding a dynasty lies in establishing teaching and fixing institutions, so that surviving customs bind men's hearts and residual glory steadies the young and weak—later ages rely on these, and though dull they still shine, though foolish they still seem wise; that is what is truly worth honoring. As for adorning offices and all manner of public works, they constantly suffer from excess, not from neglect—future rulers will manage these without Your Majesty's needing to provide them. To labor at what is not needed and thereby harm what you rely upon—I venture to think that a fault." The emperor adopted none of it.
12
詔以劉淵為匈奴北部都尉。 淵輕財好施，傾心接物，五部豪傑、幽冀名儒多往歸之。
An edict appointed Liu Yuan Northern Commander of the Xiongnu. Yuan was generous with wealth and open-handed, receiving others with wholehearted warmth; heroes of the five tribes and renowned scholars of You and Ji flocked to him.
13
奚軻男女十萬口來降。
One hundred thousand men and women of the Xi Ke submitted.
14
孝惠皇帝上之上
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section
15
世祖武皇帝下永熙元年（ 庚戌，公元二九零年）
Emperor Wu of Jin, latter part of the Yongxi era, first year ( gengxu, AD 290)
16
春，正月，辛酉朔，改元太熙。
In spring, on the new moon of the first month, xinyou, the era name was changed to Taixi.
17
己巳，以王渾為司徒。
On jisi, Wang Hun was appointed Minister of Education.
18
司空、侍中、尚書令衛瓘子宣，尚繁昌公主。 宣嗜酒，多過失，楊駿惡瓘，欲逐之，乃與黃門謀共毀宣，勸武帝奪公主。 瓘慚懼，告老遜位。 詔進瓘位太保，以公就第。
Wei Guan, Minister of Works, Palace Attendant, and Minister of the Masters of Writing, had his son Xuan marry the Princess of Fanchang. Xuan was given to drink and committed many faults; Yang Jun hated Guan and wished to drive him out, so he plotted with the Yellow Gate attendants to slander Xuan and urged Emperor Wu to take back the princess. Ashamed and afraid, Guan asked to retire on grounds of age. An edict promoted Guan to Grand Guardian and allowed him to retire to his mansion with ducal honors.
19
劇陽康子魏舒薨。
Wei Shu, Viscount Kang of Juyang, died.
20
三月，甲子，以右光祿大夫石鑒為司空。
In the third month, on jiazi, Right Grand Master of Splendor Shi Jian was appointed Minister of Works.
21
帝疾篤，未有顧命，勳舊之臣多已物故，侍中、車騎將軍楊駿獨侍疾禁中。 大臣皆不得在左右，駿因輒以私意改易要近，樹其心腹，會帝小間，見其新所用者，正色謂駿曰：「何得便爾！」 時汝南王亮尚未發，乃令中書作詔，以亮與駿同輔政，又欲擇朝士有聞望者數人佐之。 駿從中書借詔觀之，得便藏去，中書監華廙恐懼，自往索之，終不與。 會帝復迷亂，皇后奏以駿輔政，帝頷之。 夏，四月，辛丑，皇后召華廙及中書令何劭，口宣帝旨作詔，以駿為太尉、太子太傅、都督中外諸軍事、侍中、錄尚書事。 詔成，後對廙、邵以呈帝，帝視而無言。 廙，歆之孫； 劭，曾之子也。 遂趣汝南王亮赴鎮。 帝尋小間，問：「汝南王來未？」 左右言未至，帝遂困篤，己酉，崩於含章殿。 帝宇量弘厚，明達好謀，容納直言，未嘗失色於人。
The emperor was gravely ill and had left no final instructions; most of the meritorious old ministers were already dead, and only Palace Attendant and General of Chariots and Cavalry Yang Jun attended him within the inner palace. The great ministers were kept from his side, and Jun on his own authority replaced those near the throne with his own men. When the emperor briefly rallied and saw the new appointments, he said sternly to Jun, "How dare you do this!" The Prince of Runan, Liang, had not yet departed, so the emperor ordered the Secretariat to draft an edict appointing Liang and Jun as co-regents, and also wished to choose several reputable courtiers to assist them. Jun borrowed the edict from the Secretariat to read it and, seizing his chance, hid it away; Supervisor of the Secretariat Hua Yi went in person to demand it back, but Jun never returned it. When the emperor relapsed into delirium, the empress submitted a memorial appointing Jun regent, and the emperor nodded assent. In summer, in the fourth month, on xinchou, the empress summoned Hua Yi and Secretariat Director He Shao, had them draft an edict in the emperor's name, and appointed Jun Grand Commandant, Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, commander of all military affairs within and without, Palace Attendant, and Recorder of Affairs of the Masters of Writing. When the edict was finished, the empress showed it to Yi and Shao and presented it to the emperor; he looked at it and said nothing. Yi was the grandson of Hua Xin. Shao was the son of He Zeng. The court then urged the Prince of Runan, Sima Liang, to depart for his post. The emperor soon rallied slightly and asked, "Has the Prince of Runan arrived yet?" His attendants said he had not yet arrived; the emperor relapsed into grave illness, and on jiyou he died in the Hall of Containing Brilliance. The emperor was magnanimous and far-sighted, fond of deliberation, receptive to blunt counsel, and never lost his composure before others.
22
太子即皇帝位，大赦，改元，尊皇后曰皇太后，立妃賈氏為皇后。
The crown prince ascended the throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name, honored the empress as empress dowager, and installed Consort Jia as empress.
23
楊駿入居太極殿，梓宮將殯，六宮出辭，而駿不下殿，以虎賁百人自衛。
Yang Jun took up residence in the Hall of Supreme Pole; when the imperial coffin was about to be enshrined and the ladies of the six palaces came out to take leave, he refused to leave the hall and surrounded himself with a hundred tiger guards.
24
詔石鑒與中護軍張劭監作山陵。
An edict appointed Shi Jian and Central Commander of the Guard Zhang Shao to supervise construction of the imperial tomb.
25
汝南王亮畏駿，不敢臨喪，哭於大司馬門外。 出營城外，表求過葬而行。 或告亮欲舉兵討駿者，駿大懼，白太后，令帝為手詔與石鑒、張劭，使帥陵兵討亮。 劭，駿甥也，即帥所鄰趣鑒速發。 鑒以為不然，保持之。 亮問計於廷尉何勖，勖曰：「今朝野皆歸心於公，公不討人而畏人討邪！」 亮不敢發，夜，馳赴許昌，乃得免。 駿弟濟及甥河南尹李斌皆勸駿留亮，駿不從。 濟謂尚書左丞傅咸曰：「家兄若征大司馬，退身避之，門戶庶幾可全。」 咸曰：「宗室外戚，相恃為安。 但召大司馬還，共崇至公以輔政，無為避也。」 濟又使侍中石崇見駿言之，駿不從。
The Prince of Runan, Sima Liang, feared Yang Jun and did not dare attend the mourning rites, weeping instead outside the Grand Marshal's gate. He encamped outside the city walls and memorialized asking permission to pass by the burial before departing. When someone reported that Liang intended to raise troops against him, Yang Jun was terrified; he informed the empress dowager and had the emperor write a personal edict to Shi Jian and Zhang Shao ordering them to lead the tomb guards against Liang. Shao, Yang Jun's nephew by marriage, immediately led the troops at hand and urged Jian to march at once. Jian judged this wrong and held Shao back. Liang asked Minister of Justice He Xu for advice; Xu said, "All the realm now looks to you—will you not strike first yet fear being struck yourself!" Liang did not dare act; that night he galloped to Xuchang and so escaped. Yang Jun's younger brother Ji and his nephew by marriage, Administrator of Henan Li Bin, both urged him to keep Liang at court, but Jun refused. Ji said to Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing Fu Xian, "If my brother campaigns against the Grand Marshal, we should withdraw and keep clear—then our house may yet be preserved." Xian said, "The imperial clan and the empress's kin rely on each other for safety. Only summon the Grand Marshal back and together uphold the public good in governing—there is no need to withdraw." Ji again sent Palace Attendant Shi Chong to plead with Jun, but Jun would not listen.
26
五月，辛未，葬武帝於峻陽陵。
In the fifth month, on xinwei, Emperor Wu was buried at Junyang Tomb.
27
楊駿自知素無美望，欲依魏明帝即位故事，普進封爵以求媚於眾。 左軍將軍傅祗群臣皆增位一等，預喪事者增二等。 二千石已上皆封關中侯，復租調一年。 散騎常侍石崇、散騎侍郎何攀共上奏，以為：「帝正位東宮二十餘年，今承大業，而班賞行爵，優於泰始革命之初及諸將平吳之功，輕重不稱。 且大晉卜世無窮，今之開制，當垂於後，若有爵必進，則數世之後，莫非公侯矣。」 不從。
Yang Jun knew he had never enjoyed a good reputation and wished to follow the precedent of Cao Rui's accession, broadly advancing ranks and titles to win the crowd's favor. Left Army General Fu Zhi and all the ministers were each raised one rank; those who took part in the mourning were raised two. All officials of two thousand piculs and above were enfeoffed as marquises within the passes, and land tax and corvée were remitted for one year. Palace Attendant Shi Chong and Palace Gentleman He Pan jointly submitted a memorial arguing that "the emperor held the eastern palace for more than twenty years and now inherits the great enterprise, yet the distribution of rewards and titles is more generous than at the founding of the Taishi era or than the merit of the generals who pacified Wu—the scale does not match. Moreover, Great Jin is divined to endure forever; the institutions established now must be handed down—if every rank must advance, then within a few generations everyone will be a duke or marquis." The court did not accept it.
28
詔以太尉駿為太傅、大都督、假黃鉞，錄朝政，百官總己以聽。 傅咸謂駿曰：「諒闇不行久矣。 今聖上謙沖，委政於公，而天下不以為善，懼明公未易當也。 周公大聖，猶致流言，況聖上春秋非成王之年乎！ 竊謂山陵既畢，明公當審思進退之宜，苟有以察其忠款，言豈在多！」 駿不從。 咸數諫駿，駿漸不平，欲出咸為郡守。 李斌曰：「斥逐正人，將失人望。」 乃止。 楊濟遺咸書曰：「諺云：『生子癡，了官事。』 官事未易了也。 想慮破頭，故具有白。」 咸復書曰：「衛公有言：『酒色殺人，甚於作直。』 坐酒色死，人不為悔，而逆畏以直致禍，此由心不能正，欲以苟且為明哲耳。 自古以直致禍者，當由矯枉過正，或不忠篤，欲以亢厲為聲，故致忿耳，安有悾悾忠益而返見怨疾乎！」
An edict appointed Grand Commandant Yang Jun Grand Tutor and Grand Commander-in-Chief, with the yellow battle-axe conferred, recorder of court government, with all officials to report to him. Fu Xian said to Jun, "Mourning seclusion has long gone unobserved. Now the sage ruler is modest and entrusts government to you, yet the realm does not regard this as good—I fear you will find the burden hard to bear. The Duke of Zhou was a great sage yet still drew slander—how much more when the emperor is not yet of King Cheng's age! I hold that once the tomb rites are finished, you should carefully consider whether to advance or withdraw—if loyalty can be seen, words need not be many!" Jun would not listen. Xian repeatedly admonished Jun; Jun grew resentful and wished to post him out as a commandery administrator. Li Bin said, "To drive out upright men will cost you the people's regard." Jun desisted. Yang Ji wrote to Xian, "A proverb says, 'Bear a foolish son and you finish official business. Official business is not so easily finished. I have thought until my head might split—therefore I set this forth in full." Xian replied, "Master Wei said, 'Wine and women kill a man—more than being upright does. Men do not regret dying from wine and women, yet they perversely fear that uprightness brings disaster—because their hearts are not straight and they mistake expediency for wisdom. Since antiquity those ruined by uprightness bent the straight too far, or were not loyal and sincere, or sought a reputation for fierce severity—hence resentment; how could honest loyalty meet hatred!"
29
楊駿以賈后險悍，多權略，忌之，故以其甥段廣為散騎常侍，管機密； 張劭為中護軍，典禁兵。 凡有詔命，帝省訖，入呈太后，然後行之。
Yang Jun resented Empress Jia for her fierce cunning and many stratagems, and therefore made his nephew by marriage Duan Guang Palace Attendant to manage confidential affairs; and Zhang Shao Central Commander of the Guard to hold the palace troops. Whenever there was an edict, after the emperor reviewed it, it was presented to the empress dowager and only then enacted.
30
駿為政，嚴碎專愎，中外多惡之，馮翊太守孫楚謂駿曰：「公以外戚居伊、霍之任，當以至公、誠信、謙順處之。 今宗室強盛，而公不與共參萬機，內懷猜忌，外樹私暱，禍至無日矣！」 駿不從。 楚，資之孫也。
Jun governed with harsh pettiness and wilful obstinacy, and many within and without hated him. Sun Chu, administrator of Fufeng, said to him, "As an empress's kinsman you hold the role of Yi Yin and Huo Guang—you should govern with supreme fairness, sincerity, and humble compliance. The imperial house is powerful, yet you do not share in governing, harbor suspicion within, and favor your own partisans without—disaster will come any day!" Jun would not listen. Chu was the grandson of Sun Zi.
31
弘訓少府蒯欽，駿之姑子也，數以直言犯駿，他人皆為之懼，欽曰：「楊文長雖暗，猶知人之無罪不可妄殺，不過疏我，我得疏，乃可以免； 不然，與之俱族矣。」
Kuai Qin, Director of the Palace of Extended Instruction, was Yang Jun's cousin by marriage; he repeatedly offended Jun with blunt speech, and others feared for him. Qin said, "Yang Wenchang, though dull, still knows that the guiltless must not be killed recklessly—at most he will distance me, and distance will save me; otherwise I shall be exterminated with him."
32
駿辟匈奴東部人王彰為司馬，彰逃避不受。 其友新興張宣子怪而問之，彰曰：「自古一姓二后，未有不敗。 況楊太傅暱近小人，疏遠君子，專權自恣，敗無日矣。 吾逾海出塞以避之，猶恐及禍，奈何應其辟乎！ 且武帝不惟社稷大計，嗣子既不克負荷，受遺者復非其人，天下之亂可立待也。」
Jun recruited Wang Zhang of the Eastern Xiongnu as Marshal; Zhang fled and refused the appointment. His friend Zhang Xuanzi of Xinxing asked him in surprise; Zhang said, "Since antiquity, when one clan has produced two empresses, ruin has never failed to follow. How much more when Grand Tutor Yang favors petty men, keeps gentlemen at a distance, and monopolizes power at will—his fall is only a matter of days. I would cross the sea and go beyond the frontier to avoid him—yet still fear disaster; how could I accept his appointment! Moreover, Emperor Wu did not consider the realm's great plan; the heir cannot bear the burden, and the one who received his testament is again not the right man—the chaos of the realm can be awaited standing."
33
秋，八月，壬午，立廣陵王遹為皇太子。 以中書監何劭為太子太師，衛尉裴楷為少師，吏部尚書王戎為太傅，前太常張華為少傅，衛將軍楊濟為太保，尚書和嶠為少保。 拜太子母謝氏為淑媛。 賈后常置謝氏於別室，不聽與太子相見。 初，和嶠嘗從容言於武帝曰：「皇太子有淳古之風，而末世多偽，恐不了陛下家事。」 武帝默然。 後與荀勖等同侍武帝，武帝曰：「太子近入朝差長進，卿可俱詣之，粗及世事。」 既還，勖等並稱太子明識雅度，誠如明詔。 嶠曰：「聖質如初。」 武帝不悅而起。 及帝即位，嶠從太子遹入朝，賈后使帝問曰：「卿昔謂我不了家事，今日定如何？」 嶠曰：「臣昔事先帝，曾有斯言； 言之不效，國之福也。」
In autumn, in the eighth month, on renwu, the Prince of Guangling, You, was established as crown prince. He Shao, Supervisor of the Secretariat, was made Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent; Pei Kai, Commandant of the Guards, Junior Tutor; Wang Rong, Minister of the Masters of Writing for Official Personnel, Grand Mentor; Zhang Hua, former Minister of Ceremonies, Junior Mentor; Yang Ji, General of the Guards, Grand Guardian; and He Qiao, Master of Writing, Junior Guardian. The crown prince's mother, Lady Xie, was appointed Lady of Cultivated Grace. Empress Jia often kept Lady Xie in a separate chamber and would not let her see the crown prince. Earlier, He Qiao had once said frankly to Emperor Wu, "The crown prince has the manner of pure antiquity, yet a decadent age is full of falsity—I fear he will not manage your household affairs." Emperor Wu was silent. Later, attending Emperor Wu together with Xun Xu and others, the emperor said, "The crown prince has recently come to court and improved somewhat—you may all visit him together and touch on affairs of state." When they returned, Xu and the others all praised the crown prince's clear understanding and elegant bearing, just as the emperor had said. Qiao said, "His quality is as at first." Emperor Wu, displeased, rose and left. When the emperor took the throne, Qiao followed Crown Prince You into court; Empress Jia had the emperor ask, "You once said I could not manage household affairs—how about today?" Qiao said, "I formerly served the late emperor and once said as much; that my words did not prove true is the state's good fortune."
34
冬，十月，辛酉，以石鑒為太尉，隴西王泰為司空。 以劉淵為建威將軍、匈奴五部大都督。
In winter, in the tenth month, on xinyou, Shi Jian was appointed Grand Commandant and the Prince of Longxi, Sima Tai, Minister of Works. Liu Yuan was appointed General Who Establishes Might and Grand Commander of the Five Xiongnu Tribes.
35
孝惠皇帝上之上元康元年（ 辛亥，公元二九一年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, first year of Yuankang ( xinhai, AD 291)
36
春，正月，乙酉朔，改元永平。
In spring, on the new moon of the first month, yiyou, the era name was changed to Yongping.
37
初，賈后之為太子妃也，嘗以妒，手殺數人，又以戟擲孕妾，子隨刃墮； 武帝大怒，修金墉城，將廢之。 荀勖、馮紞、楊珧及充華趙粲共營救之，曰：「賈妃年少，妒者婦人常情，長自當差。」 楊后曰：「賈公閭有大勳於社稷，妃親其女，正復妒忌，豈可遽忘其先德邪！」 妃由是得不廢。 后數誡厲妃，妃不知后之助己，返以后為構己於武帝，更恨之。 及帝即位，賈后不肯以婦道事太后，又欲干預政事，而為太傅駿所抑。 殿中中郎渤海孟觀、李肇，皆駿所不禮也，陰構駿，云將危社稷。 黃門董猛，素給事東宮，為寺人監，賈后密使猛與觀、肇謀誅駿，廢太后。 又使肇報汝南王亮，使舉兵討駿，亮不可。 肇報都督荊州諸軍事楚王瑋，瑋欣然許之，乃求入朝。 駿素憚瑋勇銳，欲召之而未敢，因其求朝，遂聽之。 二月，癸酉，瑋及都督揚州諸軍事淮南王允來朝。
Earlier, when Empress Jia was crown princess, she had killed several people out of jealousy with her own hands, and once hurled a halberd at a pregnant concubine so that the child fell with the blade; Emperor Wu was furious, repaired Jinyong City, and was about to depose her. Xun Xu, Feng Dan, Yang Wan, and Brilliant Companion Zhao Can jointly pleaded for her, saying, "Consort Jia is young; jealousy is a woman's common feeling—she will improve with age." Empress Yang said, "Lord Jia rendered great service to the state; the consort is his daughter—even if she is jealous, how can one forget her family's merit so soon!" The consort was thereby spared deposition. The empress repeatedly admonished the consort, who did not know the empress had helped her and instead believed the empress had framed her before Emperor Wu, hating her all the more. When the emperor took the throne, Empress Jia refused to serve the empress dowager as a daughter-in-law should and wished to intervene in government, but was restrained by Grand Tutor Yang Jun. Central Gentleman of the Palace Meng Guan of Bohai and Li Zhao were both men whom Yang Jun had slighted; they secretly plotted against him, saying he would endanger the state. Yellow Gate Dong Meng had long served the eastern palace as eunuch supervisor; Empress Jia secretly had him plot with Guan and Zhao to kill Yang Jun and depose the empress dowager. She also had Zhao inform the Prince of Runan, Sima Liang, to raise troops against Yang Jun; Liang refused. Zhao informed the Prince of Chu, Sima Wei, commander of all military affairs in Jingzhou; Wei gladly agreed and requested permission to come to court. Yang Jun had long feared Wei's courage and sharpness, wished to summon him yet did not dare; when Wei requested to attend court, Jun permitted it. In the second month, on guiyou, Wei and the Prince of Huainan, Sima Yun, commander of all military affairs in Yangzhou, came to court.
38
三月，辛卯，孟觀、李肇啟帝，夜作詔，誣駿謀反，中外戒嚴，遣使奉詔廢駿，以侯就第。 命東安公繇帥殿中四百人討駿，楚王瑋屯司馬門，以淮南相劉頌為三公尚書，屯衛殿中，段廣跪言於帝曰：「楊駿孤公無子，豈有反理？ 願陛下審之！」 帝不答。
In the third month, on xinmao, Meng Guan and Li Zhao reported to the emperor, drafted an edict by night falsely charging Yang Jun with rebellion, put the realm on alert, and sent envoys bearing the edict to depose him and send him to his mansion as a marquis. They ordered Duke of Dong'an Yao to lead four hundred palace guards against Yang Jun; the Prince of Chu, Wei, encamped at the Grand Marshal's gate; Liu Song, administrator of Huainan, was made Master of Writing for the Three Dukes and encamped to guard the palace; Duan Guang knelt before the emperor and said, "Yang Jun is isolated and without sons—how could he rebel? I beg Your Majesty to examine this carefully!" The emperor did not answer.
39
時駿居曹爽故府，在武庫南，聞內有變，召眾官議之。 太傅主簿朱振說駿曰：「今內有變，其趣可知，必是閹豎為賈后設謀，不利於公。 宜燒雲龍門以脅之，索造事者首，開萬春門，引東宮及外營兵擁皇太子入宮，取奸人，殿內震懼，必斬送之。 不然，無以免難。」 駿素怯懦，不決，乃曰：「雲龍門，魏明帝所造，功費甚大，奈何燒之！」 侍中傅祗白駿，請與尚書武茂入宮觀察事勢，因謂群僚曰：「宮中不宜空。」 遂揖而下階。 眾皆走，茂猶坐； 祗顧曰：「君非天子臣邪？ 今內外隔絕，不知國家所在，何得安坐！」 茂乃驚起。 駿黨左軍將軍劉豫陳兵在門，遇右軍將軍裴頠，問太傅所在，頠紿之曰：「向於西掖門遇公乘素車，從二人西出矣。」 豫曰：「吾何之？」 頠曰：「宜至廷尉。」 豫從頠言，遂委而去。 尋詔頠代豫領左軍將軍，屯萬春門。 頠，秀之子也。
At that time Yang Jun dwelt in Cao Shuang's old mansion, south of the armory; hearing of trouble within, he summoned the officials to deliberate. Grand Tutor's Registrar Zhu Zhen urged Yang Jun, saying, "There is trouble within—the direction is clear; eunuchs have plotted for Empress Jia, to your harm. You should burn the Cloud Dragon Gate to intimidate them, demand the heads of the plotters, open the Gate of Ten Thousand Springs, lead the eastern palace and outer-camp troops to escort the crown prince into the palace and seize the villains—those in the hall will be terrified and will surely be beheaded and sent forth. Otherwise there is no escaping disaster." Yang Jun had always been timid and irresolute and said, "The Cloud Dragon Gate was built by Emperor Ming of Wei at great labor and expense—how could we burn it!" Palace Attendant Fu Zhi reported to Yang Jun and asked to enter the palace with Master of Writing Wu Mao to assess the situation; he then told the assembled officials, "The palace must not be left empty." With that he bowed and went down the steps. Everyone fled, but Wu Mao remained seated; Fu Zhi turned back and said, "Are you not a subject of the emperor? Inner and outer courts are cut off, and we do not even know where the ruler is—how can you sit at ease!" Wu Mao then startled and rose to his feet. Yang Jun's ally Liu Yu, General of the Left Army, arrayed troops at the gate; he encountered General of the Right Army Pei Kai and asked where the Grand Tutor was. Pei Kai deceived him, saying, "Moments ago at the Western Side Gate I met the Lord in a plain carriage with two attendants heading west." Liu Yu said, "Where should I go?" Pei Kai said, "You should report to the Commandant of Justice." Liu Yu took his advice, laid down his arms, and left. Soon an edict appointed Pei Kai to replace Liu Yu as General of the Left Army, and he encamped at Wanchun Gate. Pei Kai was the son of Pei Xiu.
40
皇太后題帛為書，射之城外，曰：「救太傅者有賞。」 賈后因宣言太后同反。 尋而殿中兵出，燒駿府，又令弩士於閣上臨駿府而射之，駿兵皆不得出，駿逃於馬廄，就殺之。 孟觀等遂收駿弟珧、濟、張劭、李斌、段廣、劉豫、武茂及散騎常侍楊邈、中書令蔣俊、東夷校尉文鴦，皆夷三族，死者數千人。
The Empress Dowager wrote a message on silk and shot it outside the city wall: "Whoever rescues the Grand Tutor will be rewarded." Empress Jia then had it proclaimed that the Empress Dowager was likewise in rebellion. Soon palace troops emerged, burned Yang Jun's mansion, and had crossbowmen on the tower shoot down into it. Yang Jun's troops could not get out; he fled to the stables and was killed there. Meng Guan and the others then seized Yang Jun's younger brothers Yang Yao and Yang Ji, Zhang Shao, Li Bin, Duan Guang, Liu Yu, Wu Mao, Attendant-in-Ordinary Yang Miao, Director of the Secretariat Jiang Jun, and Eastern Yi Protector Wen Yang—all were exterminated to the third degree of kinship, and several thousand people died.
41
珧臨刑，告東安公繇曰：「表在石函，可問張華。」 眾謂宜依鐘毓例為之申理。 繇不聽，而賈氏族黨趣使行刑。 珧號叫不已，刑者以刀破其頭。 繇，諸葛誕之外孫也，故忌文鴦，誣以為駿黨而誅之。 是夜，誅賞皆自繇出，威振內外。 王戎謂繇曰：「大事之後，宜深遠權勢。」 繇不從。
As Yang Yao faced execution, he told Duke of Dong'an Yao, "The memorial is in a stone casket—you can ask Zhang Hua." The others said one should plead his case following the precedent of Zhong Yu. Sima Yao would not listen, and the Jia clan faction hurried to have the execution carried out. Yang Yao cried out without cease; the executioners split his head open with a blade. Sima Yao was the maternal grandson of Zhuge Dan; he therefore resented Wen Yang and on false charges executed him as Yang Jun's follower. That night all executions and rewards issued from Sima Yao alone, and his authority shook the realm. Wang Rong told Sima Yao, "After such a great affair, you ought to keep your distance from power." Sima Yao did not listen.
42
壬辰，赦天下，改元。
On renchen, a general amnesty was proclaimed and the reign title was changed.
43
賈后矯詔，使後軍將軍荀悝送太后於永寧宮，特全太后母高都君龐氏之命，聽就太后居。 尋復諷群公有司奏曰：「皇太后陰漸奸謀，圖危社稷，飛箭系書，要募將士，同惡相濟，自絕於天。 魯侯絕文姜，《春秋》所許。 蓋奉祖宗，任至公於天下，陛下雖懷無已之情，臣下不敢奉詔。」 詔曰：「此大事，更詳之。」 有司又奉：「宜廢皇太后為峻陽庶人。」 中書監張華議：「皇太后非得罪於先帝，今黨其所親，為不母於聖世，宜依漢廢趙太后為孝成后故事，貶皇太后之號，還稱武皇后，居異宮，以全始終之恩。」 左僕射荀愷與太子少師下邳王晃等議曰：「皇太后謀危社稷，不可復配先帝，宜貶尊號，廢詣金墉城。」 於是有司奏請從晃等議，廢太后為庶人。 詔可。 又奏：「楊駿造亂，家屬應誅，詔原其妻龐命，以尉太后之心。 今太后廢為庶人，請以龐付廷尉行刑。」 詔不許。 有司復固請，乃從之。 龐臨刑，太后抱持號叫，截發稽顙，上表詣賈后稱妾，請全母命； 不見省。 董養游太學，升堂歎曰：「朝廷建斯堂，將以何為乎！ 每覽國家赦書，謀反大逆皆赦，至於殺祖父母、父母不赦者，以為王法所不容故也。 奈何公卿處議，文飾禮典，乃至此乎！ 天人之理既滅，大亂將作矣。」
Empress Jia forged an edict and had Rear Guards General Xun Kui escort the Empress Dowager to Yongning Palace; she specially spared the life of the Empress Dowager's mother, Lady Gao of Gaodu, and allowed her to live with the Empress Dowager. Soon they again prompted the nobles and officials to memorialize, saying, "The Empress Dowager has secretly nurtured treacherous plots to endanger the state; she shot arrows bearing messages to recruit soldiers—evildoers aiding one another, cutting herself off from Heaven. When the Duke of Lu cast off Wen Jiang, the Spring and Autumn Annals approved. We serve the royal ancestors and must entrust utmost impartiality to the realm; though Your Majesty harbors boundless affection, your subjects dare not obey such an edict." An edict replied, "This is a grave matter—examine it further." The officials again memorialized: "The Empress Dowager should be deposed and made Commoner of Junyang." Director of the Secretariat Zhang Hua argued: "The Empress Dowager did not offend the late emperor; now that her favorites have been destroyed, to treat her thus is unmotherly in an age of sage rule. One should follow the Han precedent of deposing Empress Zhao—reduce her empress title, restore the style Empress Wu, let her dwell in a separate palace, and thereby preserve grace from first to last." Left Vice Director Xun Kai, Tutor of the Heir Apparent Prince Huang of Xiapi, and others argued: "The Empress Dowager plotted to endanger the state and cannot again be paired with the late emperor; her honored title should be reduced, and she should be deposed and sent to Jincheng Fortress." Thereupon the officials memorialized to follow Prince Huang's opinion and deposed the Empress Dowager as a commoner. The edict approved it. They also memorialized: "Yang Jun raised rebellion and his family should be executed; the edict had spared his wife Lady Pang to soothe the Empress Dowager's heart. Now that the Empress Dowager has been deposed as a commoner, we request that Lady Pang be handed to the Commandant of Justice for execution." The edict refused. The officials pressed again, and at last it was granted. As Lady Pang faced execution, the Empress Dowager held her and wailed, cut off her hair and kowtowed, submitted a memorial to Empress Jia in which she styled herself a concubine, and begged that her mother's life be spared; She received no heed. Dong Yang wandered in the Imperial Academy; mounting the hall he sighed and said, "The court built this hall—what was it meant for! Whenever one reads the state's amnesty edicts, treason and great sedition are all pardoned; only the killing of grandparents and parents is not pardoned, because the law cannot tolerate it. Yet how can the nobles and ministers in council ornament ritual and statute to reach this point! The bond between Heaven and humanity is already broken—great disorder is about to erupt."
44
有司收駿官屬，欲悉誅之。 侍中傅祗啟曰：「昔魯芝為曹爽司馬，斬關赴爽，宣帝用為青州刺史。 駿之僚佐，不可悉加罪。」 詔赦之。
The officials seized Yang Jun's staff and intended to execute them all. Palace Attendant Fu Zhi submitted, saying, "In the past Lu Zhi served as Cao Shuang's chief of staff, broke through the gates and went to Shuang's aid; Emperor Xuan of Wei still employed him as inspector of Qing Province. Yang Jun's subordinates cannot all be heavily punished." An edict pardoned them.
45
壬寅，征汝南王亮為太宰，與太保衛瓘皆錄尚書事，輔政。 以秦王柬為大將軍，東平王楙為撫軍大將軍，楚王瑋為衛將軍、領北軍中候，下邳王晃為尚書令，東安公繇為尚書左僕射，進爵為王。 楙，望之子也。 封董猛為武安侯，三兄皆為亭侯。
On renyin, Prince Liang of Runan was summoned as Grand Preceptor; he and Grand Tutor Wei Guan were both placed in charge of Masters of Writing affairs to assist in government. Prince Jian of Qin was made Great General; Prince Mao of Dongping was made General Who Pacifies the Army; Prince Wei of Chu was made Defender General and acting commander of the Northern Army; Prince Huang of Xiapi was made Director of the Masters of Writing; Duke of Dong'an Yao was made left vice director of the Masters of Writing and advanced to princely rank. Prince Mao was the son of Sima Wang. Dong Meng was enfeoffed as Marquis of Wu'an; his three elder brothers were all made village marquises.
46
亮欲取悅眾心，論誅楊駿之功，督將侯者千八十一人。 御史中丞傅咸遺亮書曰：「今封賞熏赫，震動天地，自古以來，未之有也。 無功而獲厚賞，則人莫不樂國之有禍，是禍原無窮也。 凡作此者，由東安公。 人謂殿下既至，當有以正之，正之以道，眾亦何怒！ 眾之所怒者，在於不平耳； 而今皆更倍論，莫不失望。」 亮頗專權勢，咸復諫曰：「楊駿有震主之威，委任親戚，此天下所以喧嘩。 今之處重，宜反此失，靜默頤神，有大得失，乃維持之，自非大事，一皆抑遣。 比過尊門，冠蓋車馬，填塞街衢，此之翕習，既宜弭息。 又夏侯長容無功而暴擢為少府，論者謂長容，公之姻家，故至於此； 流聞四方，非所以為益也。」 亮皆不從。
Prince Liang wished to win popular favor; reckoning the merit of executing Yang Jun, they ennobled generals, commanders, and marquises—1,081 persons in all. Director of Imperial Accounts Fu Xian wrote to Prince Liang, saying, "Today's enfeoffments and rewards blaze conspicuously and shake Heaven and Earth—from antiquity until now, nothing like it has existed. If men obtain lavish rewards without merit, none will fail to rejoice when the state suffers disaster—the source of calamity is thus inexhaustible. This was all the work of Duke of Dong'an Yao. People said that once Your Highness arrived, matters would be set right; set them right by proper means, and how could the crowd be angry! What the crowd resents is simply unfairness; yet now all are rewarded at double reckoning—everyone is disappointed." Prince Liang was rather monopolistic in power; Fu Xian remonstrated again, saying, "Yang Jun awed the ruler and entrusted power to his kin—that is why the realm was in uproar. In holding high office now, you ought to reverse this error—remain quiet, nourish your spirit, intervene only in grave matters, and defer all else. Lately when passing your gate, caps and canopies and carriages and horses fill the streets—this eager thronging ought already to cease. Moreover Xiahou Changrong was abruptly promoted to Minister of the Palace Revenues though he had no merit; observers say Changrong is Your Lordship's affinal kin, and that is why it happened; word spreads in all directions—not a way to bring benefit." Prince Liang heeded none of it.
47
賈后族兄車騎司馬模、從舅右衛將軍郭彰、女弟之子賈謐與楚王瑋、東安王繇，並預國政。 賈后暴戾日甚，繇密謀廢后，賈氏憚之。 繇兄東武公澹，素惡繇，屢譖之於太宰亮曰：「繇專行誅賞，欲擅朝政。」 庚戌，詔免繇官； 又坐有悖言，廢徙帶方。
Empress Jia's clan elder Sima Mo, Cavalry Commander-in-Ordinary; her maternal uncle Guo Zhang, Right Guard General; and her younger sister's son Jia Mi, together with Prince Wei of Chu and Prince Yao of Dong'an, all participated in state affairs. Empress Jia grew daily more cruel and violent; Sima Yao secretly plotted to depose her, and the Jia clan feared him. Sima Yao's elder brother, Duke of Dongwu Tan, had always hated him and repeatedly slandered him to Grand Preceptor Prince Liang, saying, "Yao alone carries out rewards and punishments and seeks to monopolize court governance." On gengxu, an edict dismissed Sima Yao from office; also because of seditious words, he was deposed and banished to Daifang.
48
於是賈謐、郭彰權勢愈盛，賓客盈門。 謐雖驕奢而好學，喜延士大夫。 郭彰、石崇、陸機、機弟雲、和郁及滎陽潘岳、清河崔基、勃海歐陽建、蘭陵繆征、京兆杜斌、摯虞、琅邪諸葛詮、弘農王粹、襄城杜育、南陽鄒捷、齊國左思、沛國劉瑰、周恢、安平牽秀、穎川陳□□、高陽許猛、彭城劉訥、中山劉輿、輿弟琨，皆附於謐，號曰二十四友。 郁，嶠之弟也。 崇與岳尤諂事謐，每候謐及廣城君郭槐出，皆降車路左，望塵而拜。
Thereupon Jia Mi and Guo Zhang grew ever greater in power and influence, and clients filled their gates. Though Jia Mi was arrogant and extravagant, he loved learning and delighted in gathering scholar-officials. Guo Zhang, Shi Chong, Lu Ji, Lu Yun, He Yu, Pan Yue of Xingyang, Cui Ji of Qinghe, Ouyang Jian of Bohai, Miao Zheng of Lanling, Du Bin of Jingzhao, Zhi Yu, Zhuge Quan of Langye, Wang Cui of Hongnong, Du Yu of Xiangcheng, Zou Jie of Nanyang, Zuo Si of Qi, Liu Gui of Pei, Zhou Hui, Qian Xiu of Anping, Chen [name lost] of Yingchuan, Xu Meng of Gaoyang, Liu Ne of Pengcheng, Liu Yu of Zhongshan, and Liu Kun—all attached themselves to Jia Mi and were called the Twenty-four Friends. He Yu was the younger brother of He Qiao. Shi Chong and Pan Yue were especially servile toward Jia Mi; whenever they awaited Jia Mi or Lady Guo of Guangcheng, Guo Huai, going out, they descended from their carriages to the left side of the road and bowed in the dust.
49
太宰亮、太保瓘以楚王瑋剛愎好殺，惡之，欲奪其兵權，以臨海侯裴楷代瑋為北軍中候。 瑋怒； 楷聞之，不敢拜。 亮復與瓘謀，遣瑋與諸王之國，瑋益忿怨。 瑋長史公孫宏、舍人岐盛，皆有寵於瑋，勸瑋自暱於賈后； 后留瑋領太子太傅，盛素善於楊駿，衛瓘惡其反覆，將收之。 盛乃與宏謀，因積弩將軍李肇矯稱瑋命，譖亮、瓘於賈后，云將謀廢立。 后素怨瓘，且患二公執政，己不得專恣； 夏，六月，后使帝作手詔賜瑋曰：「太宰、太保欲為伊、霍之事，王宜宣詔，令淮南、長沙、成都王屯諸宮門，免亮及瓘官。」 夜，使黃門繼以授瑋。 瑋欲覆奏，黃門曰：「事恐漏洩，非密詔本意也。」 瑋亦欲因此復私怨，遂勒本軍，復矯詔召三十六軍，告以「二公潛圖不軌，吾今受詔都督中外諸軍，諸在直衛者，皆嚴加警備； 其在外營，便相帥徑詣行府，助順討逆。」 又矯詔「亮、瓘官屬，一無所問，皆罷遣之； 若不奉詔，便軍法從事。」 遣公孫宏、李肇以兵圍亮府，侍中、清河王遐收瓘。 亮帳下督李龍，白「外有變，請拒之」，亮不聽。 俄而兵登牆大呼，亮驚曰：「吾無貳心，何故至此！ 詔書其可見乎？」 宏等不許，趣兵攻之。 長史劉准謂亮曰：「觀此必是奸謀。 府中俊乂如林，猶可力戰。」 又不聽。 遂為肇所執，歎曰：「我之赤心，可破示天下也。」 與世子矩俱死。
Grand Preceptor Prince Liang and Grand Tutor Wei Guan hated Prince Wei of Chu for his obstinacy and love of killing and wished to strip him of military authority, appointing Marquis of Linhai Pei Kai to replace him as commander of the Northern Army. Prince Wei was enraged; Pei Kai heard of it and did not dare accept the appointment. Prince Liang again plotted with Wei Guan to send Prince Wei to his fief with the other princes; Prince Wei grew still more resentful. Prince Wei's chief clerk Gongsun Hong and attendant Qi Sheng were both favored by him and urged him to draw close to Empress Jia; the Empress kept Prince Wei on as Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent; Qi Sheng had long been on good terms with Yang Jun—Wei Guan hated his fickleness and was about to arrest him. Qi Sheng then plotted with Gongsun Hong and, through Repeated-Bow General Li Zhao, falsely claimed Prince Wei's orders and slandered Prince Liang and Wei Guan to Empress Jia, saying they plotted to depose and install. Empress Jia had long resented Wei Guan, and moreover feared the two lords holding power and preventing her from acting arbitrarily; In summer, the sixth month, Empress Jia had the emperor write an edict by hand and bestow it on Prince Wei: "The Grand Preceptor and Grand Tutor wish to act as Yi Yin and Huo Guang did; you should proclaim the edict, order the princes of Huainan, Changsha, and Chengdu to encamp at the palace gates, and dismiss Prince Liang and Wei Guan from office." By night she had a palace attendant follow and deliver it to Prince Wei. Prince Wei wished to memorialize in reply; the palace attendant said, "The affair may leak—this is not the intent of the secret edict." Prince Wei also wished thereby to settle private grievances; he mobilized his own army and again forged an edict summoning the Thirty-six Armies, announcing that "the two lords secretly plot treason; I now receive the edict to command all armies within and without; all on active palace guard duty must increase vigilance; those in outer camps should at once lead one another straight to the field headquarters to aid the legitimate and punish rebels." He also forged an edict: "The staff of Prince Liang and Wei Guan shall none be questioned—all are dismissed and sent away; if they do not obey the edict, martial law will be applied." He dispatched Gongsun Hong and Li Zhao with troops to surround Prince Liang's mansion; Palace Attendant Prince Xie of Qinghe seized Wei Guan. Prince Liang's chief of guards Li Long reported, "There is trouble outside—please resist it"; Prince Liang would not listen. Soon troops climbed the wall and shouted; Prince Liang said in alarm, "I have no second heart—why have you come to this! Can the edict be shown?" Gongsun Hong and the others refused and urged the troops to attack. Chief Clerk Liu Zhun said to Prince Liang, "Judging from this, it must be a treacherous plot. Within the mansion, talented officers are thick as a forest—we can still fight with full strength." Prince Liang again would not listen. Thereupon Prince Liang was seized by Li Zhao and sighed, saying, "My loyal heart may be cut open and shown to all under Heaven." He died together with his heir Ju.
50
衛瓘左右亦疑遐矯詔，請拒之，須自表得報，就戮未晚，瓘不聽。 初，瓘為司空，帳下督榮晦有罪，斥遣之。 至是，晦從遐收瓘，輒殺瓘及子孫共九人，遐不能禁。
Wei Guan's attendants also suspected that Prince Xie of Qinghe had forged the edict and asked to resist; they said one need only memorialize and wait for a reply—there would still be time to accept execution later. Guan would not listen. Earlier, when Wei Guan served as Minister of Works, his chief of guards Rong Hui had committed an offense and was dismissed and sent away. At this time, Rong Hui followed Prince Xie in seizing Wei Guan and at once killed Guan and his descendants—nine persons in all; Prince Xie could not restrain him.
51
岐盛說瑋「宜因兵勢，遂誅賈、郭，以正王室，安天下。」 瑋猶豫未決。 會天明，太子少傅張華使董猛說賈后曰：「楚王既誅二公，則天下威權盡歸之矣，人主何以自安！ 宜以瑋專殺之罪誅之。」 賈后亦欲因此除瑋，深然之。 是時內外擾亂，朝廷恟懼，不知所出。 張華白帝，遣殿中將軍王宮繼騶虞幡出麾眾曰：「楚王矯詔，勿聽也！」 眾皆釋仗而走。 瑋左右無復一人，窘迫不知所為，遂執之，下廷尉。 乙丑，斬之。 瑋出懷中青紙詔，流涕以示監刑尚書劉頌曰：「幸托體先帝，而受枉乃如此乎！」 公孫宏、岐盛並夷三族。
Qi Sheng urged Prince Wei, "You ought to take advantage of the army's momentum and thereupon execute the Jia and Guo factions, to rectify the royal house and settle all under Heaven." Prince Wei hesitated and could not decide. When daybreak came, the Heir Apparent's Junior Tutor Zhang Hua sent Dong Meng to tell Empress Jia, "Now that the Prince of Chu has executed the two lords, all authority and power under Heaven will fall entirely to him—how can the sovereign secure himself! Prince Wei ought to be executed on the charge of unauthorized killing." Empress Jia also wished thereby to remove Prince Wei and deeply approved. At this time, inside and outside the capital were in turmoil; the court was terrified and knew not what to do. Zhang Hua informed the emperor and sent Palace Guard General Wang Gong to follow with the Zouyu banner and command the troops, saying, "The Prince of Chu forged the edict—do not obey it!" All released their weapons and fled. Prince Wei had not a single attendant left; distressed and knowing not what to do, he was seized and turned over to the Court of Judicial Review. On yichou, he was executed. Prince Wei took from his bosom the edict written on blue paper, wept, and showed it to Supervising Execution Attendant-in-Chief Liu Song, saying, "Fortunate to owe my very body to the late emperor—and yet to suffer injustice to this degree!" Gongsun Hong and Qi Sheng were both exterminated to the third degree of kinship.
52
瑋之起兵也，隴西王泰嚴兵將助瑋，祭酒丁綏諫曰：「公為宰相，不可輕動。 且夜中倉猝，宜遣人參審定問。」 泰乃止。
When Prince Wei raised troops, Prince Tai of Longxi mustered his army and was about to aid him; Libationer Ding Sui remonstrated, saying, "My lord holds the office of chief minister—you must not act rashly. Moreover, in the dead of night and in haste, you ought to send someone to investigate and verify the matter." Prince Tai thereupon stopped.
53
衛瓘女與國臣書曰：「先公名謚未顯，每怪一國蔑然無言。 《春秋》之失，其咎安在？」 於是太保主簿劉繇等執黃幡，撾登聞鼓，上言曰：「初，矯詔者至，公即奉送章綬，單車從命。 如矯詔之文唯免公官，而故給使榮晦，輒收公父子及孫，一時斬戮。 乞驗盡情偽，加以明刑。」 乃詔族誅榮晦，追復亮爵位，謚曰文成。 封瓘為蘭陵郡公，謚曰成。
Wei Guan's daughter wrote to the state's ministers, saying, "My late father's name and posthumous title have not yet been made clear; I have always wondered that the whole realm stays utterly silent. Where then does the blame lie—the kind of wrong the Spring and Autumn Annals exists to record?" Thereupon Grand Tutor Chief Clerk Liu Yao and others took up the yellow banner, struck the Palace Appeal Drum, and submitted a memorial saying, "At first, when the forger of the edict arrived, my lord at once surrendered his seal and cord and went alone in a carriage to obey the command. Yet if the forged edict's text only dismissed my lord from office, whereas former attendant Rong Hui at once seized my lord, his sons, and his grandsons and executed them all at once— we beg that the truth and falsehood be fully examined and clear punishment be applied." An edict was then issued exterminating Rong Hui's clan to the third degree, restoring Prince Liang's noble rank, and conferring the posthumous title Wencheng. Wei Guan was enfeoffed as Duke of Lanling, posthumous title Cheng.
54
於是賈后專朝，委任親黨，以賈模為散騎常侍，加侍中。 賈謐與后謀，以張華庶姓，無逼上之嫌，而儒雅有籌略，為眾望所依，欲委以朝政。 疑未決，以問裴頠贊成之。 乃以華為侍中、中書監，頠為侍中，又以安南將軍裴楷為中書令，加侍中，與右僕射王戎並管機要。 華盡忠帝室，彌縫遣闕，賈后雖凶險，猶知敬重華； 賈模與華、頠同心輔政，故數年之間，雖暗主在上，而朝野安靜，華等之功也。
Thereupon Empress Jia monopolized the court and entrusted office to her kin and partisans, appointing Jia Mo Regular Palace Attendant and adding Palace Attendant. Jia Mi plotted with the Empress: Zhang Hua was of common surname with no suspicion of pressing upon the sovereign; he was refined and cultured with strategy and planning, and was relied upon by public expectation—they wished to entrust him with court affairs. Still undecided in their doubts, they asked Pei Ji, who approved the plan. Zhang Hua was then made Palace Attendant and Director of the Secretariat; Pei Ji was made Palace Attendant; An'nan General Pei Kai was also made Secretary Supervisor and added Palace Attendant; together with Right Vice Director Wang Rong they jointly managed crucial affairs. Zhang Hua was wholly loyal to the imperial house and patched omissions and gaps; although Empress Jia was fierce and dangerous, she still knew to respect him; Jia Mo worked with Zhang Hua and Pei Ji in concert to assist governance; therefore within several years, though a dim sovereign sat above, court and countryside were tranquil—the achievement of Hua and the others.
55
秋，七月，分荊、揚十郡為江州。
In autumn, the seventh month, ten commanderies of Jing and Yang were separated off as Jiang Province.
56
八月，辛未，立隴西王泰世子越為東海王。
In the eighth month, on xinwei, Prince Tai of Longxi's heir Yue was established as Prince of Donghai.
57
九月，甲午，秦獻王柬薨。
In the ninth month, on jiawu, Prince Xian of Qin, Jian, died.
58
辛丑，征征西大將軍梁王肜為衛將軍、錄尚書事。
On xinchou, Grand General Conquering the West Prince Rong of Liang was summoned as Guard General and Recorder of Affairs for the Department of State Affairs.
59
孝惠皇帝上之上元康二年（ 壬子，公元二九二年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, second year of Yuankang ( renzi, AD 292)
60
春，二月，己酉，故楊太后卒於金墉城。 是時，太后尚有侍御十餘人，賈后悉奪之，絕膳八日而卒。 賈后恐太后有靈，或訴冤於先帝，乃覆而殯之，仍施諸厭劾符書、藥物等。
In spring, the second month, on jiyou, the former Empress Dowager Yang died at Jinyong City. At this time the Empress Dowager still had more than ten attendants and ladies-in-waiting; Empress Jia seized them all; she went without food for eight days and died. Empress Jia feared the Empress Dowager's spirit might plead her grievance before the late emperor; she therefore placed her face-down for burial and further applied various charm-talisman scripts and drugs of exorcism and restraint.
61
秋，八月，壬子，赦天下。
In autumn, the eighth month, on renzi, a general amnesty was proclaimed for all under Heaven.
62
孝惠皇帝上之上元康三年（ 癸丑，公元二九三年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, third year of Yuankang ( guichou, AD 293)
63
夏，六月，弘農雨雹，深三尺。
In summer, the sixth month, hail fell in Hongnong, three feet deep.
64
鮮卑宇文莫槐為其下所殺，弟普撥立。
The Xianbei chieftain Yuwen Mohuai was killed by his subordinates; his younger brother Pobo succeeded.
65
拓跋綽卒，弟子弗立。
Tuoba Chuo died; his younger brother's son Fu succeeded.
66
孝惠皇帝上之上元康四年（ 甲寅，公元二九四年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, fourth year of Yuankang ( jiayin, AD 294)
67
春，正月，丁酉，安昌元公石鑒薨。
In spring, the first month, on dingyou, Yuan Duke Shi Jian of Anchang died.
68
夏，五月，匈奴郝散反，攻上黨，殺長吏。 秋，八月，郝散帥眾降，馮翊都尉殺之。
In summer, the fifth month, the Xiongnu Hao San rebelled, attacked Shangdang, and killed the chief official. In autumn, the eighth month, Hao San led his followers in surrender; the Commandant of Fengyi killed him.
69
是歲，大饑。
That year, there was great famine.
70
司隸校尉傅咸卒。 咸性剛簡，風格峻整，初為司隸校尉，上言：「貨賂流行，所宜深絕。」 時朝政寬弛，權豪放恣，咸奏免河南尹澹等官，京師肅然。
Director of the Capital Fu Xian died. Fu Xian was by nature stern and plain, his conduct sharp and orderly; when he first served as Director of the Capital, he submitted a memorial: "Bribery runs rampant—it ought to be thoroughly abolished." At the time court governance was lax; powerful families acted wildly and without restraint; Fu Xian memorialized to dismiss from office the Administrator of Henan Dan and others—the capital became solemn and orderly.
71
慕容廆徙居大棘城。
Murong Hui moved his residence to Daji City.
72
拓跋弗卒，叔父祿官立。
Tuoba Fu died; his uncle Liguan succeeded.
73
孝惠皇帝上之上元康五年（ 乙卯，公元二九五年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, fifth year of Yuankang ( yimao, AD 295)
74
夏，六月，東海雨雹，深五寸。
In summer, the sixth month, hail fell in Donghai, five inches deep.
75
荊、揚、兗、豫、青、徐六州大水。
The six provinces of Jing, Yang, Yan, Yu, Qing, and Xu suffered great floods.
76
冬，十月，武庫火，焚累代之寶及二百萬人器械。 十二月，丙戌，新作武庫，大調兵器。
In winter, the tenth month, the Arsenal caught fire, burning treasures accumulated over generations and weapons for two million men. In the twelfth month, on bingxu, a new Arsenal was built and weapons were mobilized on a large scale.
77
拓跋祿官分其國為三部：一居上谷之北、濡源之西，自統之； 一居代郡參合陂之北，使兄沙漠汗之子猗□統之； 一居定襄之盛樂故城，使猗□弟猗戶統之。 猗盧善用兵，西擊匈奴、烏桓諸部，皆破之。 代人衛操與從子雄及同郡箕澹往依拓跋氏，說猗□、猗戶招納晉人。 猗□悅之，任以國事，晉人附者稍眾。
Tuoba Liguan divided his state into three parts: one part dwelt north of Shanggu and west of the Ruyuan—he ruled this himself; one dwelt north of Canhe Marsh in Dai Commandery—he had his elder brother Shamo Han's son Yilu rule it; one dwelt at the old city of Shengle in Dingxiang—he had Yilu's younger brother Yihu rule it. Yilu was skilled in the use of troops; marching west he attacked the Xiongnu and Wuhuan tribes and defeated them all. Dai native Wei Cao, together with his nephew Xiong and fellow townsman Ji Dan, went to rely on the Tuoba clan and urged Yilu and Yihu to recruit and accept Jin people. Yilu was pleased and entrusted them with state affairs; Jin people who attached themselves gradually grew numerous.
78
孝惠皇帝上之上元康六年（ 丙辰，公元二九六年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, sixth year of Yuankang ( bingchen, AD 296)
79
春，正月，赦天下。
In spring, the first month, a general amnesty was proclaimed for all under Heaven.
80
下邳獻王晃薨。 以中書監張華為司空。 太尉隴西王泰行尚書令，徙封高密王。
Prince Xian of Xiapi, Huang, died. Zhang Hua, Director of the Secretariat, was appointed Minister of Works. Grand Commandant Prince Tai of Longxi acted as Director of the Department of State Affairs and was transferred and enfeoffed as Prince of Gaomi.
81
夏，郝散弟度元與馮翊、北地馬蘭羌、盧水胡俱反，殺北地太守張損，敗馮翊太守歐陽建。
In summer, Hao San's younger brother Duyuan rebelled together with the Malan Qiang of Fengyi and Beidi and the Lushui Hu, killing Administrator of Beidi Zhang Sun and defeating Administrator of Fengyi Ouyang Jian.
82
征西大將軍趙王倫信用嬖人琅邪孫秀，與雍州刺史濟南解係爭軍事，更相表奏，歐陽建亦表倫罪惡。 朝廷以倫撓亂關右，征倫為車騎將軍，以梁王肜為征西大將軍、都督雍、涼二州諸軍事。 系與其弟御史中丞結，皆表請誅秀以謝氐、羌； 張華以告梁王肜，使誅之，肜許諾。 秀友人辛冉為之說肜曰：「氐、羌自反，非秀之罪。」 秀由是得免。 倫至洛陽，用秀計，深交賈、郭，賈後大愛信之，倫因求錄尚書事，又求尚書令； 張華、裴頠固執以為不可，倫、秀由是怨之。
Grand General Conquering the West Prince Lun of Zhao trusted his favorite Langya Sun Xiu; he quarreled with Yong Province Inspector Jie Xi of Jinan over military affairs, each repeatedly memorializing against the other, and Ouyang Jian also memorialized against Prince Lun's crimes. The court, because Prince Lun was disrupting the region west of the passes, summoned him as Chariot-and-Cavalry General and appointed Prince Rong of Liang as Grand General Conquering the West, Commander over all military affairs in Yong and Liang provinces. Jie Xi and his younger brother, Imperial Censor Attendant-in-Chief Jie, both memorialized requesting the execution of Sun Xiu to appease the Di and Qiang; Zhang Hua reported this to Prince Rong of Liang and had him execute Sun Xiu; Prince Rong promised to do so. Sun Xiu's friend Xin Ran spoke on his behalf to Prince Rong of Liang, saying, "The Di and Qiang rebelled on their own—this is not Sun Xiu's crime." Sun Xiu was thereby spared. When Prince Lun reached Luoyang, using Sun Xiu's plan he cultivated deep ties with the Jia and Guo families; Empress Jia came to love and trust him greatly; Prince Lun thereupon requested appointment as Recorder of Affairs for the Department of State Affairs, and further requested the directorship of the Department of State Affairs; Zhang Hua and Pei Ji steadfastly maintained it was impossible; Prince Lun and Sun Xiu therefore resented them.
83
秋，八月，解系為郝度元所敗，秦雍氐、羌悉後，立氐帥齊萬年為帝，圍涇陽。 御史中丞周處，彈劾不避權戚，梁王肜嘗違法，處按劾之。 冬，十一月，詔以處為建威將軍，與振威將軍盧播俱隸安西將軍夏侯駿，以討齊萬年。 中書令陳准言於朝曰：「駿及梁王皆貴戚，非將帥之才，進不求名，退不畏罪。 周處吳人，忠直勇果，有仇無援。 宜詔積弩將軍孟觀，以精兵萬人為處前鋒，必能殄寇； 不然，梁王當使處先驅，以不救陷而之，其敗必也。」 朝廷不從。 齊萬年聞處來，曰：「周府君嘗為新平太守，有文武才，若專斷而來，不可當也； 或受制於人，此成禽耳！」
In autumn, the eighth month, Jie Xi was defeated by Hao Duyuan; the Di and Qiang of Qin and Yong rebelled one after another, set up the Di chieftain Qi Wannian as emperor, and besieged Jingyang. Imperial Censor Attendant-in-Chief Zhou Chu, when impeaching, did not avoid powerful kin; Prince Rong of Liang had once violated the law, and Zhou Chu impeached him accordingly. In winter, the eleventh month, an edict appointed Zhou Chu as General Establishing Might and Lu Bo as General Quelling Might, both under Anxi General Xiahou Jun, to campaign against Qi Wannian. Secretary Supervisor Chen Zhun said at court: "Xiahou Jun and the Prince of Liang are both imperial kin—they are not talents for command; advancing they seek no fame, retreating they fear no punishment. Zhou Chu is a man of Wu—loyal, upright, brave, and resolute; he has enemies and no backers. It would be fitting to decree that Repeated-Bow General Meng Guan, with ten thousand elite troops, serve as Zhou Chu's vanguard—they will surely be able to exterminate the bandits; otherwise the Prince of Liang will use Zhou Chu as vanguard and, failing to rescue him, let him fall into disaster—defeat is certain." The court did not follow his advice. When Qi Wannian heard Zhou Chu was coming, he said, "Prefect Zhou once served as Administrator of Xinping—he has both civil and military talent; if he comes acting on independent authority, he cannot be withstood; or if he is constrained by others, he will easily be captured!"
84
關中饑、疫。
Within the passes there were famine and pestilence.
85
初，略陽清水氐楊駒始居仇池。 仇池方百傾，其旁平地二十餘里，四面斗絕而高，為羊腸蟠道三十六回而上。 至其孫千萬附魏，封為百頃王。 千萬孫飛龍浸強盛，徙居略陽。 飛龍以其甥令狐茂搜為子，茂搜避齊萬年之亂，十二月，自略陽帥部落四千家還保仇池，自號輔國將軍、右賢王。 關中人士避亂者多依之，茂搜迎接撫納，欲去者，衛護資送之。
Earlier, Yang Ju of the Qingshui Di of Lüeyang first settled at Qiuchi. Qiuchi covered a hundred qing in area; level ground beside it extended more than twenty li; on all sides it rose steep and isolated; a twisting goat-path of thirty-six switchbacks led upward. When it came to his grandson Qianwan, he submitted to Wei and was enfeoffed as Prince of the Hundred Qing. Qianwan's grandson Feilong gradually grew powerful and moved to settle at Lüeyang. Feilong took his nephew Linghu Maosou as his adopted son. To escape the turmoil of Qi Wannian's rebellion, in the twelfth month Maosou led four thousand families of his tribe from Lüeyang back to hold Qiuchi, styling himself General Who Supports the State and Right Worthy King. Many people of the Guanzhong region fleeing disorder relied on him; Maosou received them, comforted them, and took them in; those who wished to leave he guarded, escorted, and provided for their departure.
86
是歲，以揚烈將軍巴西趙廞為益州刺史，發梁、益兵糧助雍州討氐、羌。
That year, General Who Displays Martial Majesty Zhao Yin of Baxi was made Inspector of Yizhou, and troops and provisions from Liang and Yizhou were mobilized to assist Yong Province in campaigning against the Di and Qiang.
87
孝惠皇帝上之上元康七年（ 丁巳、公元二九七年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, seventh year of Yuankang ( dingsi, AD 297)
88
春，正月，齊萬年屯梁山，有眾七萬； 梁王肜、夏侯駿使周處以五千兵擊之。 處曰：「軍無後繼，必敗，不徒亡身，為國取恥。」 肜、駿不聽，逼遣之。 癸丑，處與盧播、解系攻萬年於六陌。 處軍士未食，肜促令速進，自旦戰至暮，斬獲甚眾。 弦絕矢盡，救兵不至。 左右勸處退，處按劍曰：「是吾效節致命之日也！」 遂力戰而死。 朝廷雖以尤肜，而亦不能罪也。
In spring, the first month, Qi Wannian encamped at Liang Mountain with a force of seventy thousand; the Prince of Liang Rong and Xiahou Jun sent Zhou Chu with five thousand troops to attack him. Chu said, "The army has no reserve—it will certainly be defeated; I will not merely lose my life in vain but bring disgrace upon the state." Rong and Jun would not listen and compelled him to go. On guichou day, Chu together with Lu Bo and Xie Xi attacked Wannian at Liumo. Chu's troops had not eaten, but Rong pressed for a rapid advance; from morning until evening they fought, killing and capturing a great many. Bowstrings snapped and arrows were exhausted, and reinforcements did not arrive. Those beside him urged Chu to withdraw; he grasped his sword and said, "This is the day on which I fulfill my duty and give my life!" Thereupon he fought to the death. Although the court blamed Rong for this, it could not punish him.
89
秋，七月，雍、秦二州大旱，疾疫，米斛萬錢。
In autumn, the seventh month, Yong and Qin provinces suffered great drought and pestilence; grain cost ten thousand cash per hu.
90
丁丑，京陵元公王渾薨。 九月，以尚書右僕射王戎為司徒，太子太師何劭為尚書左僕射。 戎為三公，與時浮沉，無所匡救，委事僚寀，輕出遊放。 性復貪吝，園田遍天下，每自執牙籌，晝夜會計，常若不足。 家有好李，賣之恐人得種，常鑽其核。 凡所賞拔，專事虛名。 阮咸之子瞻嘗見戎，戎問曰：「聖人貴名教，老、莊明自然，其旨同異？」 瞻曰：「將無同！」 戎咨嗟良久，遂辟之。 時人謂之「三語掾」。
On dingchou day, Wang Hun, Duke Yuan of Jingling, died. In the ninth month, Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Rong was made Minister over the Masses, and Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent He Shao was made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. As one of the Three Dukes, Rong drifted with the times, offering no correction or rescue; he delegated affairs to his clerks and attendants and went out lightly for pleasure and wandering. By nature he was also greedy and stingy; his gardens and fields spread throughout the empire; he personally wielded counting sticks day and night reckoning accounts, always as though he never had enough. His household had fine plums; fearing that if he sold them others might obtain the seeds, he regularly bored holes through the pits. All those he rewarded and promoted he did solely for empty reputation. Ruan Xian's son Zhan once visited Rong; Rong asked, "The sages honor name and teaching; Laozi and Zhuangzi clarify naturalness—are their purports the same or different?" Zhan said, "Perhaps they are not different!" Rong sighed in admiration for a long while and then recruited him. People of the time called him "the Three-Phrase Staff Officer."
91
是時，王衍為尚書令，南陽樂廣為河南尹，皆善清談，宅心事外，名重當世，朝野之人，爭慕效之。 衍與弟澄，好題品人物，舉世以為儀准。 衍神情明秀，少時，山濤見之，嗟歎良久，曰：「何物老嫗，生寧馨兒！ 然誤天下蒼生者，未必非此人也！」 樂廣性沖約清遠，與物無競。 每談論，以約言析理，厭人之心，而其所不知，默如也。 凡論人，必先稱其所長，則所短不言自見。 王澄及阮咸、咸從子修、泰山胡毋輔之、陳國謝鯤、城陽王夷、新蔡畢卓，皆以任放為達，至於醉狂裸體，不以為非。 胡毋輔之嘗酣飲，其子謙之窺而厲聲呼其父字曰：「彥國！ 年老，不得為爾！」 輔之歡笑，呼入共飲。 畢卓嘗為吏部郎，比捨郎釀熟，卓因醉，夜至甕間盜飲之，為掌酒者所縛，明旦視之，乃畢吏部也。 樂廣聞而笑之，曰：「名教內自有樂地，何必乃爾！」
At this time Wang Yan was Secretary Supervisor and Yue Guang of Nanyang was Intendant of Henan; both were skilled in pure discourse and dwelt in the heart on matters beyond the world; their fame weighed heavily in the age, and men of court and country competed to admire and imitate them. Yan and his younger brother Cheng loved to appraise and rank people; all the world took them as the standard. Yan's spirit and expression were bright and refined; when young, Shan Tao saw him, sighed in admiration for a long while, and said, "What sort of old woman bore such a fine son! Yet the one who may mislead the myriad people under Heaven is perhaps none other than this man!" Yue Guang's nature was mild, restrained, pure, and far-reaching; he did not contend with things. Whenever he discoursed, with brief words he analyzed principle and satisfied people's minds; what he did not know, he remained silent as though it were nothing. Whenever he judged men, he always first praised their strengths; then their weaknesses became visible without his saying them. Wang Cheng, Ruan Xian, Xian's nephew Xiu, Huwu Zhi of Taishan, Xie Kun of Chen, Prince of Chengyang Yi, and Bi Zhuo of Xincai all took reckless indulgence for transcendence—going so far as drunkenness, madness, and nakedness—and did not regard it as wrong. Huwu Zhi was once drinking deeply; his son Qianzhi peeped in and in a stern voice called his father's courtesy name: "Yan'guo! You are old—you must not behave like this!" Zhi laughed with delight and called him in to drink together. Bi Zhuo had once been Director of the Ministry of Official Personnel; when a neighboring Gentleman of Lang's brew matured, Zhuo, being drunk, went at night to the vats and stole drink; the wine steward bound him, and at dawn when they looked, it turned out to be Director Bi of the Ministry of Official Personnel. Yue Guang heard and laughed at this, saying, "Within name and teaching there is joy enough—why must one go to such lengths!"
92
初，何晏等祖述老、莊，立論以為：「天地萬物，皆以無為本。 無也者，開物成務，無往不存者也。 陰陽恃以化生，賢者恃以成德。 故無之為用，無爵而貴矣！」 王衍之徒皆愛重之。 由是朝廷士大夫皆以浮誕為美，弛廢職業。 裴頠著《崇有論》以釋其蔽曰：「夫利慾可損，而未可絕有也； 事務可節，而未可全無也。 蓋有飾為高談之具者，深列有形之累，盛稱空無之美。 形器之累有征，空無之義難檢； 辯巧之文可悅，似象之言足惑。 眾聽眩焉，溺其成說。 雖頗有異此心者，辭不獲濟，屈於所習，因謂虛無之理誠不可蓋。 一唱百和，往而不反，遂薄綜世之務，賤功利之用，高浮游之業，卑經實之賢。 人情所徇，名利從之，於是文者衍其辭，訥者贊其旨。 立言藉於虛無，謂之玄妙； 處官不親所職，謂之雅遠； 奉身散其廉操，謂之曠達。 故砥礪之風，彌以陵遲。 放者因斯，或悖吉凶之禮，忽容止之表，瀆長幼之序，混貴賤之級，甚者至於裸裎褻慢，無所不至，士行又虧矣。
Earlier, He Yan and others traced back to Laozi and Zhuangzi and established a doctrine holding: "Heaven, earth, and the myriad things all take nonbeing as their root. Nonbeing is that which opens things and accomplishes tasks, that which exists wherever one goes. Yin and yang rely on it to produce and transform; the worthy rely on it to complete virtue. Therefore the use of nonbeing is honored though it has no rank!" Wang Yan and his followers all prized and honored this. From this, the scholar-officials of the court all took empty extravagance for beauty and slackened and abandoned their duties. Pei Ji wrote 《On Honoring Being》 to clarify this delusion, saying: "Desire for profit can be reduced, yet one cannot utterly deny being; affairs can be restrained, yet one cannot do altogether without them. Presumably there are those who dress up empty talk as their instrument, deeply enumerating the burdens of having form and greatly praising the beauty of empty nonbeing. The burdens of form and implements have manifest signs; the doctrine of empty nonbeing is hard to verify; artful argumentative prose can please; language resembling truth can fully beguile. The multitude's hearing is dazzled, and they drown in this established doctrine. Though some differed in mind, their words could not prevail; yielding to what they had learned, they thus held that the principle of emptiness and nonbeing truly could not be surpassed. One voice sang and a hundred harmonized; they went forth and did not return—thereupon they slighted affairs that ordered the age, despised the use of profit and utility, exalted the pursuit of idle wandering, and debased the worthy who upheld the classics and reality. As human feelings were indulged, fame and profit followed; thus the eloquent elaborated their phrasing, and the inarticulate praised their purport. Setting forth words relying on emptiness and nonbeing, they called it profound mystery; holding office without attending to one's duties, they called it elegant distance; squandering one's integrity and scruples, they called it free and transcendent. Therefore the spirit of tempering and grinding grew daily more decadent. The indulgent seized on this—some violated rites of auspice and misfortune, neglected the outward forms of deportment, profaned the order of elders and juniors, and mixed noble and base ranks; in extreme cases they went so far as naked exposure and shameless contempt, reaching to everything imaginable—and conduct among gentlemen was further debased.
93
「夫萬物之有形者，雖生於無，然生以有為已分，則無是有之所遺者也。 故養既化之有，非無用之所能全也； 治既有之眾，非無為之所能修也。 心非事也，而制事必由於心，然不可謂心為無也； 匠非器也，而制器必須於匠，然不可謂匠非有也。 是以欲收重淵之鱗，非偃息之所能獲也； 隕高墉之禽，非靜拱之所能捷也。 由此而觀，濟有者皆有也，虛無奚益於已有之群生哉！」 然習俗已成，頠論亦不能救也。
"Among the myriad things, those that have form, though born from nonbeing, yet once born take being as their allotted portion—nonbeing is therefore what being leaves behind. Therefore nurturing what has already transformed into being is not something that useless nonaction can fully accomplish; governing the multitude that already exists is not something that nonaction can accomplish. The mind is not an affair, yet governing affairs must proceed through the mind—yet one cannot call the mind nonbeing; The craftsman is not the vessel, yet making vessels must depend on the craftsman—yet one cannot say the craftsman is not being. Therefore to gather the scaled creatures of the deep abyss is not something that lying down to rest can obtain; to bring down the birds of a high wall is not something that sitting still with folded hands can capture. Viewed from this, those who aid being all rely on being—what good does emptiness and nonbeing do for living beings that already exist!" Yet the custom was already formed, and Ji's treatise could not save it either.
94
拓跋猗迤度漠北巡，因西略諸國，積五歲，降附者三十餘國。
Tuoba Yitu crossed the desert northward on patrol and thereby marched west to subdue the various states; over five years, more than thirty states submitted.
95
孝惠皇帝上之上元康八年（ 戊午，公元二九八年）
Emperor Hui of Jin, first part, upper section, eighth year of Yuankang ( wuwu, AD 298)
96
春，三月，壬戌，赦天下。
In spring, the third month, on renxu day, a general amnesty was proclaimed for all under Heaven.
97
秋，九月，荊、豫、徐、揚、冀五州大水。
In autumn, the ninth month, Jing, Yu, Xu, Yang, and Ji provinces suffered great floods.
98
初，張魯在漢中，賨人李氏自巴西宕渠往依之。 魏武帝克漢中，李氏將五百餘家歸之，拜為將軍，遷於略陽北土，號曰巴氐。 其孫特，庠、流，皆有材武，善騎射，性任俠，州黨多附之。 及齊萬年反，關中荐饑，略陽、天水等六郡民流移就谷入漢川者數萬家，道路有疾病窮乏者，特兄弟常營護振救之，由是得眾心。 流民至漢中，上書求寄食巴、蜀，朝議不許，遣侍御史李苾持節慰勞，且監察之，不令入劍閣，苾至漢中，受流民賂，表言：「流民十萬餘口，非漢中一郡所能振贍； 蜀有倉儲，人復豐稔，宜令就食。」 朝廷從之。 由是散在梁、益，不可禁止。 李特至劍閣，太息曰：「劉禪有如此地，面縛於人，豈非庸才邪！」 聞者異之。
Earlier, when Zhang Lu was in Hanzhong, the Li clan of the Cong people from Dangqu in Baxi went to rely on him. When Emperor Wu of Wei took Hanzhong, the Li clan led more than five hundred families to submit; they were appointed generals and moved to the northern lands of Lüeyang, styled the Ba Di. His grandsons Te, Xiang, and Liu all had talent and martial prowess, were skilled in horsemanship and archery, and by nature were chivalrous and daring; many in the district attached themselves to them. When Qi Wannian rebelled, famine recurred in Guanzhong; tens of thousands of families from the six commanderies of Lüeyang, Tianshui, and others flowed away seeking grain and entered Hanchuan; on the roads there were the sick and destitute—the Te brothers regularly cared for, protected, and relieved them, and thereby won the people's hearts. When the displaced people reached Hanzhong, they submitted memorials seeking to be fed in Ba and Shu; court deliberation did not permit it and dispatched Censor Attendant Li Bi with credentials to comfort and reassure them and also to supervise them—not allowing them to enter Jian'ge Pass. When Bi reached Hanzhong, he accepted bribes from the displaced people and memorialized, saying, "The displaced people number more than one hundred thousand mouths—Hanzhong as a single commandery cannot sustain and provide for them; Shu has storehouses, and the people there are again abundant in harvest—it is fitting to order them to go there for food." The court agreed. Thereupon they scattered through Liang and Yi and could not be prevented. When Li Te reached Jian'ge Pass, he sighed deeply and said, "Liu Shan had terrain such as this, yet he bound himself and surrendered to another—is he not a mediocrity!" Those who heard were startled.
99
張華、陳准以趙王、梁王，相繼在關中，皆雍容驕貴，師老無功，乃薦孟觀沉毅有文武材用，使討齊萬年。 觀身當矢石，大戰十數，皆破之。」
Zhang Hua and Chen Zhun, because the Prince of Zhao and the Prince of Liang had successively been in Guanzhong—both easy and grand, proud and noble, with troops weary and without achievement—thereupon recommended Meng Guan as deep, resolute, and possessed of civil and military talent, and had him campaign against Qi Wannian. Guan personally exposed himself to arrows and stones, fought more than ten great battles, and broke the enemy each time.”