1
資治通鑑第097卷
Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 97.
2
【晉紀十九】起玄黓攝提格，盡強圉協洽，凡六年。
[Jin Annals 19] From Xuanji Shetige through Qiangyu Xiejia—six years in all.
3
春，正月，己未朔，日有食之。
In spring, on the first day of the first month (jìwèi), the day of the new moon, a solar eclipse occurred.
4
乙丑，大赦。
On yǐchǒu the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
5
豫州刺史庾懌以酒餉江州刺史王允之； 允之覺其毒，飲犬，犬斃，密奏之。 帝曰：「大舅已亂天下，小舅復欲爾邪！」 二月，懌飲鴆而卒。
Yu Yi, the inspector of Yuzhou, sent wine as a gift to Wang Yunzhi, the inspector of Jiangzhou; Yunzhi detected poison in the wine, gave some to a dog, and when the dog died he secretly reported the matter to the throne. The emperor said, "The elder uncle by marriage has already thrown the realm into chaos—does the younger uncle mean to do the same!" In the second month Yi was made to drink poisoned wine and died.
6
三月，初以武悼-{后}-配食武帝廟。
In the third month the court for the first time paired Empress Wuzhao for joint sacrifice in Emperor Wu's ancestral temple.
7
庾翼在武昌，數有妖怪，欲移鎮樂鄉。 征虜長史王述與庾冰箋曰：「樂鄉去武昌千有餘里，數萬之眾，一旦移徙，興立城壁，公私勞擾。 又江州當溯流數千里，供給軍府，力役增倍。 且武昌實江東鎮戍之中，非但扞御上流而已； 緩急赴告，駿奔不難。 若移樂鄉，遠在西陲，一朝江渚有虞，不相接救。 方岳重將，固當居要害之地，為內外形勢，使窥窬之心不知所向。 昔秦忌亡胡之讖，卒為劉、項之資； 周圍惡檿弧之謠，而成褒姒之亂。 是以達人君子，直道而行，禳避之道，皆所不取； 正當擇人事之勝理，思社稷之長計耳。」 朝議亦以為然。 翼乃止。
While Yu Yi held Wuchang, strange omens kept appearing, and he wished to move his command post to Lexiang. Wang Shu, chief clerk on Yu Yi's staff, wrote to Yu Bing: "Lexiang lies more than a thousand li from Wuchang. To shift tens of thousands of men at a stroke, erect walls, and build a new city would exhaust both the state and the people. Jiangzhou would also have to haul supplies upstream for thousands of li to feed the army headquarters, doubling labor and transport levies. Wuchang moreover stands at the very center of Jiangdong's defensive chain; its role is not merely to guard the upper Yangzi. In an emergency, word can reach it and relief can arrive without great delay. If the headquarters were moved to Lexiang on the far western marches, a sudden threat along the river could not be met in time. A commander of such rank should hold a strategic post that shapes the whole defensive posture inward and outward, so that would-be aggressors cannot tell where to strike. Long ago Qin dreaded the prophecy that "a barbarian will destroy Hu," yet that very fear in the end supplied the means for Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. Zhou was consumed by dread of the mulberry-bow prophecy, and the disaster of Baosi followed. For this reason a man of insight keeps to the straight course and rejects every rite meant to ward off ill fortune. He should choose what human effort can best accomplish and plan for the lasting good of the realm." The court discussion likewise endorsed this view. Yi thereupon abandoned the plan.
8
夏，五月，乙卯，帝不豫； 六月，庚寅，疾篤。 或詐為尚書符，敕宮門無得內宰相； 眾皆失色。 庾冰曰：「此必詐也。」 推問，果然。 帝二子丕、弈，皆在襁褓。 庾冰自以兄弟秉權日久，恐易世之後，親屬愈疏，為它人所間，每說帝以國有強敵，宜立長君； 請以母親弟琅邪王岳為嗣，帝許之。 中書令何充曰：「父子相傳，先王舊典，易之者鮮不致亂。 故武王不授聖弟，非不愛也。 今琅邪踐阼，將如孺子何！」 冰不聽。 下詔，以岳為嗣，並以弈繼琅邪哀王。 壬辰，冰、充及武陵王晞、會稽王昱、尚書令諸葛恢並受顧命。 癸巳，帝崩。 帝幼沖嗣位，不親庶政； 及長，頗有勤儉之德。
In summer, in the fifth month, on yǐmǎo, the emperor fell gravely ill; and in the sixth month, on gēngyín, his condition turned critical. Someone forged a Secretariat order barring chief ministers from entering the palace gates; and everyone turned pale with alarm. Yu Bing said, "This must be a forgery." Investigation proved that it was. The emperor's two sons, Pi and Yi, were both still infants. Yu Bing, knowing that he and his brothers had held power for years, feared that after a change of reign their kin would be pushed aside and others would come between them; he repeatedly urged the emperor that with powerful foes abroad the throne should pass to a mature heir. He proposed the emperor's younger uterine half-brother, Prince Yue of Langye, as successor, and the emperor agreed. He Chong, Director of the Secretariat, said, "Passing the throne from father to son is the ancient royal norm; those who alter it seldom avoid turmoil. King Wu did not enthrone his gifted younger brother—not because he loved him less. If Prince Langye takes the throne, what will become of these infant princes!" Bing would not heed him. An edict named Yue as heir and assigned Yi to succeed the late Prince Ai of Langye. On rénchén, Bing, Chong, Prince Xi of Wuling, Prince Yu of Kuaiji, and Zhuge Hui, Director of the Secretariat, all received the emperor's deathbed commission. On guǐsì the emperor died. He had come to the throne as a child and had not personally directed routine affairs; but as he matured he showed real virtue in diligence and frugality.
9
甲午，琅邪王即皇帝位，大赦。
On jiǎwǔ Prince Yue of Langye ascended the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty.
10
己亥，封成帝子丕為琅邪王，弈為東海王。
On jǐhài the new emperor enfeoffed the late Emperor Cheng's son Pi as Prince of Langye and Yi as Prince of Donghai.
11
康帝亮陰不言，委政於庾冰、何充。 秋，七月，丙辰，葬成帝於興平陵。 帝徒行送喪，至閶闔門，乃升素輿至陵所。 既葬，帝臨軒，庾冰、何充侍坐。 帝曰：「朕嗣鴻業，二君之力也。」 充曰：「陛下龍飛，臣冰之力也； 若如臣議，不睹昇平之世。」 帝有慚色。 己未，以充為驃騎將軍、都督徐州、揚州之晉陵諸軍事、領徐州刺史，鎮京口，避諸庾也。
Emperor Kang observed mourning in silence and left government to Yu Bing and He Chong. In autumn, in the seventh month, on bǐngchén, Emperor Cheng was buried at Xingping Mausoleum. The emperor walked on foot behind the bier and mounted a plain carriage only at the Changhe Gate for the ride to the tomb. After the burial the emperor held court, with Yu Bing and He Chong in attendance. The emperor said, "I have inherited the great enterprise—it is thanks to you two ministers." Chong said, "When Your Majesty ascended the throne, it was Minister Bing's doing; had you followed my counsel, you would not be living to see this peaceful age." The emperor flushed with shame. On jǐwèi Chong was appointed Biaoqi General with command over Jinling and related forces in Xuzhou and Yangzhou, and concurrently made inspector of Xuzhou with his seat at Jingkou—partly to keep him away from the Yu family.
12
冬，十月，燕王皝遷都龍城，赦其境內。
In winter, in the tenth month, Murong Huang, prince of Yan, moved his capital to Longcheng and granted an amnesty within his realm.
13
建威將軍翰言於皝曰：「宇文強盛日久，屢為國患。 今逸豆歸篡竊得國，群情不附。 加之性識庸暗，將帥非才，國無防衛，軍無部伍。 臣久在其國，悉其地形； 雖遠附強羯，聲勢不接，無益救援； 今若擊之，百舉百克。 然高句麗去國密邇，常有闚□之志。 彼知宇文既亡，禍將及己，必乘虛深入，掩吾不備。 若少留兵則不足以守，多留兵則不足以行。 此心腹之患也，宜先除之； 觀其勢力，一舉可克。 宇文自守之虜，必不能遠來爭利。 既取高句麗，還取宇文，如返手耳。 二國既平，利盡東海，國富兵強，無返顧之憂，然後中原可圖也。」 皝曰：「善！」 將擊高句麗。 高句麗有二道，其北道平闊，南道險狹，眾欲從北道。 翰曰：「虜以常情料之，必謂大軍從北道，當重北而輕南。 王宜帥銳兵從南道擊之，出其不意，丸都不足取也。 別遣偏師出北道，縱有蹉跌，其腹心己潰，四支無能為也。」 皝從之。
Jianwei General Murong Han said to Huang, "The Yuwen have grown strong over many years and have repeatedly threatened our state. Yidougui has now usurped the throne, and the tribes do not stand behind him. He is dull and shortsighted, his commanders are incompetent, the realm lacks proper defenses, and the army lacks disciplined formations. I lived long in their country and know their terrain well; though they court the powerful Jie from afar, those allies are too distant to help in time; if we strike now, we will prevail at every turn. Yet Koguryŏ lies close to our heartland and has long harbored designs against us. Once they see the Yuwen destroyed, they will know they are next and will surely exploit our absence to strike deep while our guard is down. Leave too few troops behind and we cannot hold our ground; leave too many and the field army cannot march. This is the danger at our vitals; we should eliminate it first. Judging their strength, they can be taken in a single campaign. The Yuwen are a defensive people and will not march far to contest the outcome. Once Koguryŏ is taken, turning to crush the Yuwen will be as easy as turning one's hand. With both realms subdued, we will hold the wealth of the eastern sea, our state will be rich and our army strong, and with no enemy at our rear we may then turn toward the Central Plains." Huang said, "Excellent!" He prepared to attack Koguryŏ. Koguryŏ could be reached by two routes—the northern broad and open, the southern narrow and perilous—and the army favored the northern road. Han said, "The enemy, thinking as men usually do, will expect our main force on the northern road and will mass their strength in the north while neglecting the south. Your Highness should lead picked troops by the southern road and take them unawares—Wandu will not be hard to seize. Send a secondary force along the northern road; even if it stumbles, once their heartland is broken their extremities can do nothing." Huang followed his plan.
14
十一月，皝自將勁兵四萬出南道，以慕容翰、慕容霸為前鋒，別遣長史王寓等將兵萬五千出北道，以伐高句麗。 高句麗王釗果遣弟武帥精兵五萬拒北道，自帥羸兵以備南道。 慕容翰等先至，與釗合戰，皝以大眾繼之。 左常侍鮮于亮曰：「臣以俘虜蒙王國士之恩，不可以不報； 今日，臣死日也！」 獨與數騎先犯高句麗陣，所向摧陷。 高句麗陣動，大眾因而乘之，高句麗兵大敗。 左長史韓壽斬高句麗將阿佛和度加，諸軍乘勝追之，遂入丸都。 釗單騎走，輕車將軍慕輿泥追獲其母周氏及妻而還。 會王寓等戰於北道，皆敗沒，由是皝不復窮追。 遣使招釗，釗不出。
In the eleventh month Huang led forty thousand picked troops in person along the southern route, with Murong Han and Murong Ba as vanguard, while Chief Clerk Wang Yu and others took fifteen thousand men along the northern route against Koguryŏ. King Chao of Koguryŏ duly sent his brother Wu with fifty thousand elite troops to block the northern road, while he himself led weaker forces to face the south. Murong Han's vanguard arrived first and engaged Chao; Huang came up with the main army. Left Attendant-in-Ordinary Xianyu Liang said, "I was once a captive, yet Your Majesty treated me as a pillar of the state; I cannot fail to repay that debt; today is the day I die!" He charged the Koguryŏ line at the head of only a few horsemen and broke through wherever he struck. The Koguryŏ line buckled; the main army pressed the advantage and routed them completely. Left Chief Clerk Han Shou slew the Koguryŏ general Afohedujia; the armies pursued the victory and entered Wandu. Chao fled alone; Light-Carriage General Murong Ni pursued and captured his mother, Lady Zhou, and his wife before returning. Meanwhile Wang Yu's force on the northern road was destroyed; for that reason Huang did not press the pursuit further. He sent envoys to summon Chao, but Chao would not submit.
15
皝將還，韓壽曰：「高句麗之地，不可戍守。 今其主亡民散，潛伏山谷； 大軍既去，必復鳩聚，收其餘燼，猶足為患。 請載其父屍、囚其生母而歸，俟其束身自歸，然後返之，撫以恩信，策之上也。」 皝從之。 發釗父乙弗利墓。 載其屍，收其府庫累世之寶，虜男女五萬餘口，燒其宮室，毀丸都城而還。
As Huang prepared to withdraw, Han Shou said, "Koguryŏ cannot be held by garrisons. Their king has fled and the people are scattered in the hills; once our army leaves they will rally again, and even the embers they gather will be enough to trouble us. Carry off his father's corpse and take his mother prisoner; when he comes to surrender in person, return them and win him with kindness and trust—that is the best policy." Huang agreed. They opened the tomb of Chao's father Yifuli. They carried off the corpse, seized the hoarded treasures of generations, took more than fifty thousand captives, burned the palaces, razed the walls of Wandu, and withdrew.
16
十二月，壬子，立妃褚氏為皇后。 征豫章太守褚裒為侍中、尚書。 裒自以後父，不願居中任事，苦求外出； 乃除建威將軍、江州刺史，鎮半洲。
In the twelfth month, on rénzǐ, Lady Chu was made empress. Chu Pou, the administrator of Yuzhang, was summoned to serve as Palace Attendant and Director of the Masters of Writing. Pou, as the empress's father by marriage, did not wish to hold office at court and pleaded repeatedly for an outside post; and was appointed Jianwei General and inspector of Jiangzhou with his seat at Banzhou.
17
趙王虎作台觀四十餘所於鄴，又營洛陽、長安二宮，作者四十餘萬人； 又欲自鄴起閣道至襄國，敕河南四州治南伐之備，並、朔、秦、雍嚴西討之資，青、冀、幽州為東征之計，皆三五發卒。 諸州軍造甲者五十餘萬人，船夫十七萬人，為水所沒，虎狼所食者三分居一。 加之公侯、牧宰競營私利，百姓失業愁困。 貝丘人李弘因眾心之怨，自言姓名應讖，連結黨與，署置百寮； 事發，誅之，連坐者數千家。
Shi Hu, prince of Zhao, built more than forty terraces and towers at Ye and also raised palaces at Luoyang and Chang'an, pressing more than four hundred thousand men into labor; He also planned an elevated causeway from Ye to Xiangguo, ordered the four Henan provinces to prepare for a southern campaign, Bing, Shuo, Qin, and Yong to stock a western expedition, and Qing, Ji, and You an eastern one—everywhere conscripting three men in five. More than five hundred thousand men across the provinces forged armor for the armies, and one hundred seventy thousand served as boatmen; of them, one man in three died by drowning or by tiger and wolf. On top of this, nobles and regional governors scrambled for private gain, and the common people lost their livelihoods in misery. Li Hong of Beiqiu, exploiting popular resentment, declared that his name fulfilled a prophecy, gathered followers, and appointed a full roster of officials; When the plot was exposed, he was put to death, and several thousand households were punished along with him.
18
虎畋獵無度，晨出夜歸，又多微行，躬察作役。 侍中京兆韋謏諫曰：「陛下忽天下之重，輕行斤斧之間，猝有狂夫之變，雖有智勇，將安所施！ 又興役無時，廢民耘獲，吁嗟盈路，殆非仁聖之所忍為也。」 虎賜謏谷帛，而興繕滋繁，游察自若。
Hu hunted without restraint, setting out at dawn and returning at night, and often went in disguise to inspect construction projects himself. Palace Attendant Wei Xu of Jingzhao remonstrated: "Your Majesty neglects the weight of empire and walks lightly among common laborers; if some madman should strike, where could even wisdom and courage avail you! You also launch projects without regard to season, leaving the people unable to farm or harvest; lamentation fills the roads—this is scarcely what a benevolent ruler could endure." Hu rewarded Xu with grain and silk, yet construction grew ever more lavish and his tours and inspections continued unchanged.
19
秦公韜有寵於虎，太子宣惡之。 右僕射張離領五兵尚書，欲求媚於宣，說之曰：「今諸侯吏兵過限，宜漸裁省，以壯本根。」 宣使離為奏：「秦、燕、義陽、樂平四公，聽置吏一百九十七人，帳下兵二百人； 自是以下，三分置一，餘兵五萬，悉配東宮。」 於是諸公鹹怨，嫌釁益深矣。
Duke Tao of Qin enjoyed Shi Hu's favor, and the heir apparent Xuan hated him. Right Vice Director Zhang Li, who also headed the Masters of the Five Armies, sought to curry favor with Xuan and told him, "The officials and troops of the feudal princes now exceed their limits and should be gradually cut back to strengthen the throne." Xuan had Li submit a memorial: "The four dukes of Qin, Yan, Yiyang, and Leping may each appoint one hundred ninety-seven officials and keep two hundred personal guards; below them, retain one man in three; the remaining fifty thousand troops are all to be assigned to the Eastern Palace." Thereupon all the dukes resented the move, and mutual suspicion grew deeper still.
20
青州上言：「濟南平陵城北石虎，一夕移於城東南，有狼狐千餘跡隨之，跡皆成蹊。」 虎喜曰：「石虎者，朕也； 自西北徙而東南者，天意欲使朕平蕩江南也。 其敕諸州兵明年悉集，朕當親董六師，以奉天命。」 群臣皆賀，上《皇德頌》者一百七人。 制：「征士五人出車一乘，牛二頭，米十五斛，絹十匹，調不辦者斬。」 民至鬻子以供軍須，猶不能給，自經於道樹者相望。
Qingzhou reported: "The stone tiger north of Pingling in Jinan moved overnight to the southeast of the city, followed by more than a thousand wolf and fox tracks that formed paths." Hu rejoiced and said, "The stone tiger—that is I; moving from the northwest to the southeast means Heaven intends me to pacify the south. Order every province to muster its troops next year; I shall personally lead the six armies to fulfill Heaven's mandate." The ministers all congratulated him, and one hundred seven men submitted odes to imperial virtue. He decreed: "Every five conscripted men must furnish one cart, two oxen, fifteen hu of grain, and ten bolts of silk; those who fail to meet the levy are to be beheaded." The people sold their children to meet military levies and still could not keep up; suicides from roadside trees lined the roads.
21
康皇帝
Emperor Kang
22
春，二月，高句麗王釗遣其弟稱臣入朝於燕，貢珍異以千數。 燕王皝乃還其父屍，猶留其母為質。
In spring, in the second month, King Chao of Koguryŏ sent his younger brother to submit as a vassal at the court of Yan, offering thousands of rare treasures. Murong Huang then returned his father's corpse but kept his mother as a hostage.
23
宇文逸豆歸遣其相莫淺渾將兵擊燕； 諸將爭欲擊之，燕王皝不許。 莫淺渾以為皝畏之，酣飲縱獵，不復設備。 皝使慕容輸出擊之，莫淺渾大敗，僅以身免，盡俘其眾。 庾翼為人慷慨，喜功名，不尚浮華。 琅邪內史桓溫，彝之子也，尚南康公主，豪爽有風概。 翼與之友善，相期以寧濟海內。 翼嘗薦溫於成帝曰：「桓溫有英雄之才，願陛下勿以常人遇之，常婿畜之。 宜委以方、邵之任，必有弘濟艱難之勳」。 時杜乂、殷浩並才名冠世，冀獨弗之重也，曰：「此輩宜束之高閣，俟天下太平，然後徐議其任耳。 「浩累辭征辟，屏居墓所，幾將十年，時人擬之管、葛。 江夏相謝尚、長山令王濛常伺其出處，以卜江左興亡。 嘗相與省之，知浩有確然之志，既返，相謂曰：「深源不起，當如蒼生何！」 尚，鯤之子也。 翼請浩為司馬； 詔除侍中、安西軍司，浩不應。 翼遺浩書曰：「王夷甫立名非真，雖雲談道，實長華競。 明德君子，遇會處際，寧可然乎！」 浩猶不起。
Yidougui of the Yuwen sent his chancellor Mo Qianhun to attack Yan with an army; the generals all clamored to attack, but Murong Huang refused. Mo Qianhun concluded that Huang feared him, drank heavily, hunted at will, and ceased all precautions. Huang sent Murong Yu to attack; Mo Qianhun was routed, barely escaping with his life, and his entire force was captured. Yu Yi was openhanded by nature, eager for achievement and renown, and scorned empty display. Huan Wen, administrator of Langye, was the son of Huan Yi; he had married the Princess of Nankang and was bold, open, and commanding in bearing. Yi befriended him, and they pledged together to bring peace to the realm. Yi once recommended Wen to Emperor Cheng, saying, "Huan Wen has heroic talent; I beg Your Majesty not to treat him as an ordinary man or keep him merely as a son-in-law at court. Entrust him with duties like those of Fang Shu and Shao Hu, and he will surely achieve great merit in delivering the state through hardship." At the time Du Yi and Yin Hao were famed above all others for talent, but Yi alone did not esteem them, saying, "These men should be shelved until the realm is at peace; only then should we discuss their appointments. " Hao had repeatedly declined office and lived in seclusion at his father's tomb for nearly ten years; contemporaries compared him to Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang. Xie Shang, administrator of Jiangxia, and Wang Meng, magistrate of Changshan, often watched whether he would emerge from seclusion, taking it as an omen of the south's rise or fall. They once visited him together and saw that Hao was firmly resolved to remain apart; on their return they said to each other, "If Shenyuan does not take office, what is to become of the people!" Shang was the son of Xie Kun. Yi invited Hao to serve as marshal; the court appointed him Palace Attendant and army aide of the Anxi command, but Hao declined. Yi wrote to Hao: "Wang Yifu won a reputation that was not genuine; though he spoke of the Way, he in truth fostered empty rivalry. Can a bright and virtuous gentleman, meeting his moment, act thus!" Hao still refused to take office.
24
殷羨為長沙相，在郡貪殘，庾冰與翼書屬之。 翼報曰：「殷君驕豪，亦似由有佳兒，弟故小令物情容之。 大較江東之政，以嫗煦豪強，常為民蠹； 時有行法，輒施之寒劣。 如往年偷石頭倉米一百萬斛，皆是豪將輩，而直殺倉督監以塞責。 山遐為餘姚長，為官出豪強所藏二千戶，而眾共驅之，令遐不得安席。 雖皆前宰之惛謬，江東事去，實此之由。 兄弟不幸，橫陷此中，自不能拔足於風塵之外，當共明目而治之。 荊州所統二十餘郡，唯長沙最惡； 惡而不黜，與殺督監者復何異邪！」 遐，簡之子也。
Yin Xian, administrator of Changsha, was greedy and cruel in his commandery; Yu Bing wrote to Yi asking him to protect him. Yi replied, "Master Yin is proud and overbearing—perhaps because he has a fine son; for that reason, brother, you have indulged popular feeling in tolerating him. Broadly speaking, government east of the Yangzi coddles the powerful, who constantly prey on the people; when the law is applied at all, it falls only on the poor and weak. Last year, for example, when a million hu of grain were stolen from the Shitou granary, the culprits were powerful generals, yet only the granary supervisor was executed to satisfy accountability. Shan Xia, magistrate of Yuyao, exposed two thousand hidden households among the powerful for taxation, yet the powerful together drove him out and left him no peace. Though all this stems from the folly of former chief ministers, the south's decline is truly due to this. We brothers are unhappily caught in this ourselves and cannot escape the dust and turmoil; we should govern together with clear eyes. Of the more than twenty commanderies under Jingzhou, Changsha is the worst; if he is wicked and not removed, how is that different from killing the granary supervisor!" Xia was the son of Shan Jian.
25
翼以滅胡取蜀為己任，遣使東約燕王皝，西約張駿，刻期大舉。 朝議多以為難，唯庾冰意與之同，而桓溫、譙王無忌皆贊成之。 無忌，承之子也。
Yi made the destruction of the barbarians and the conquest of Shu his personal mission, sent envoys east to treat with Murong Huang and west with Zhang Jun, and set a date for a great campaign. Most at court thought the plan difficult; only Yu Bing agreed with him, while Huan Wen and Prince Wuji of Qiao supported it. Wuji was the son of Sima Cheng.
26
秋，七月，趙汝南太守戴開帥數千人詣翼降。 丁巳，下詔議經略中原。 翼欲悉所部之眾北伐，表桓宣為都督司、雍、梁三州、荊州之四郡諸軍事、梁州刺史，前趣丹水； 桓溫為前鋒小督、假節，帥眾入臨淮； 並發所統六州奴及車牛驢馬，百姓嗟怒。
In autumn, in the seventh month, Dai Kai, the Runan administrator in Zhao, led several thousand men to surrender to Yi. On dīngsì the court issued an edict to discuss strategy for recovering the Central Plains. Yi wished to lead all his forces north and memorialized that Huan Xuan be made commander of Si, Yong, and Liang and four Jingzhou commanderies, with the title inspector of Liangzhou, to advance first toward Danshui; Huan Wen was made junior vanguard commander with provisional credentials and led his troops into Linhuai; at the same time all the bondsmen, carts, oxen, donkeys, and horses of the six provinces under his command were levied, and the people groaned in anger.
27
代王什翼犍復求婚於燕，燕王皝使納馬千匹為禮； 什翼犍不與，又倨慢無子婿禮。 八月，皝遣世子俊帥前軍師評等擊代。 什翼犍帥眾避去，燕人無所見而還。
Tuoba Shiyijian, king of Dai, again sought marriage with Yan; Murong Huang had a thousand horses sent as bride-price; Shiyijian refused them and moreover behaved arrogantly, neglecting the rites due a son-in-law. In the eighth month Huang sent the heir apparent Jun with Front Army Commander Ping and others to attack Dai. Shiyijian led his forces away to avoid battle, and the Yan army found no one and withdrew.
28
漢主壽卒，謚曰昭文，廟號中宗； 太子勢即位，大赦。
The Han ruler Shou died; his posthumous title was Zhaowen and his temple name Zhongzong; the heir apparent Shi succeeded to the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty.
29
趙太子宣擊鮮卑斛谷提，大破之，斬首三萬級。
Shi Xuan, heir apparent of Zhao, attacked the Xianbei chief Hugu Ti, routed him, and took thirty thousand heads.
30
宇文逸豆歸執段遼弟蘭，送於趙，並獻駿馬萬匹。 趙王虎命蘭帥所從鮮卑五千人屯令支。
Yidougui of the Yuwen seized Duan Liao's younger brother Lan, sent him to Zhao, and also presented ten thousand fine horses. Shi Hu ordered Lan to lead the five thousand Xianbei who accompanied him to garrison Lingzhi.
31
庾翼欲移鎮襄陽，恐朝廷不許，乃奏雲移鎮安陸。 帝及朝士皆遣使譬止翼，翼遂違詔北行； 至夏口，復上表請鎮襄陽。 翼時有眾四萬，詔加翼都督征討諸軍事。 先是車騎將軍、揚州刺史庾冰屢求出外，辛巳，以冰都督荊、江、寧、益、梁、交、廣七州、豫州之四郡諸軍事，領江州刺史，假節，鎮武昌，以為翼繼援。 征徐州刺史何充為督揚、豫、徐州之琅邪諸軍事，領揚州刺史，錄尚書事，輔政。 以琅邪內史桓溫為都督青、徐、兗三州諸軍事、徐州刺史，征江州刺史褚裒為衛將軍，領中書令。
Yu Yi wished to move his headquarters to Xiangyang but feared the court would refuse, so he memorialized that omens required moving the garrison to Anlu. The emperor and court officials all sent envoys to admonish him, but Yi defied the edict and marched north; reaching Xiakou, he again submitted a memorial requesting to be stationed at Xiangyang. Yi then commanded forty thousand men, and an edict made him commander of all campaign and punitive forces. Earlier Yu Bing, General of Chariots and Cavalry and inspector of Yangzhou, had repeatedly sought an outside post; on xīnsì he was made commander of Jing, Jiang, Ning, Yi, Liang, Jiao, and Guang and four Yuzhou commanderies, concurrently inspector of Jiangzhou with provisional credentials, stationed at Wuchang to reinforce Yi. He Chong, inspector of Xuzhou, was summoned as commander of Yang, Yu, and Xuzhou and the Langye region, concurrently made inspector of Yangzhou with authority to record Masters of Writing affairs and assist in government. Huan Wen, administrator of Langye, was made commander of Qing, Xu, and Yan and inspector of Xuzhou; Chu Pou, inspector of Jiangzhou, was summoned as Defender General and Director of the Palace Secretariat.
32
冬，十一月，己巳，大赦。
In winter, in the eleventh month, on jǐsì, the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
33
春，正月，趙王虎享群臣於太武殿，有白雁百餘集馬道之南，虎命射之，皆不獲。 時諸州兵集者百餘萬，太史令趙攬密言於虎曰：「白雁集庭，宮室將空之象，不宜南行。」 虎信之，乃臨宣武觀，大閱而罷。
In spring, in the first month, Shi Hu feasted his ministers in the Hall of Grand Martiality; more than a hundred white wild geese gathered south of the horse path, and Hu ordered them shot, but none were taken. More than a million troops from the provinces had assembled; Grand Astrologer Zhao Lan secretly told Hu, "White geese gathering in the court foretell an emptied palace; it is not fitting to march south." Hu believed him, held a grand review at the Xuanwu Watchtower, and dismissed the campaign.
34
漢主勢改元太和，尊母閻氏為皇太后，立妻李氏為皇后。
The Han ruler Shi changed the era name to Taihe, honored his mother Lady Yan as empress dowager, and made his wife Lady Li empress.
35
燕王皝與左司馬高詡謀伐宇文逸豆歸。 詡曰：「宇文強盛，今不取，必為國患，伐之必克； 然不利於將。」 出而告人曰：「吾往必不返，然忠臣不避也。」 於是皝自將伐逸豆歸。 以慕容翰為前鋒將軍，劉佩副之； 分命慕容軍、慕容恪、慕容霸及折衝將軍慕輿根將兵，三道並進。 高詡將發，不見其妻，使人語以家事而行。
Murong Huang consulted with Left Marshal Gao Xu on attacking Yidougui of the Yuwen. Xu said, "The Yuwen are strong; if we do not take them now they will become a scourge, and if we attack we are sure to prevail; yet it will not favor the commander." Going out he told others, "I shall not return, yet a loyal minister does not shrink from duty." Thereupon Huang personally led the campaign against Yidougui. Murong Han was made vanguard general with Liu Pei as his deputy; Murong Jun, Murong Ke, Murong Ba, and Breaker-of-Ranks General Murong Gen were ordered to advance in three columns. As Gao Xu was about to set out and did not see his wife, he sent someone to speak to her of household affairs and departed.
36
逸豆歸遣南羅大涉夜干將精兵逆戰，皝遣人馳謂慕容翰曰：「涉夜干勇冠三軍，宜小避之。」 翰曰：「逸豆歸掃其國內精兵以屬涉夜干，涉夜干素有勇名，一國所賴也。 今我克之，其國不攻自潰矣。 且吾孰知涉夜干之為人，雖有虛名，實易與耳，不宜避之，以挫吾兵氣。」 遂進戰。 翰自出衝陣，涉夜幹出應之； 慕容容霸從傍邀擊，遂斬涉夜干。 宇文士卒見涉夜干死，不戰而潰； 燕兵乘勝逐之，遂克其都城。 逸豆歸走死漠北，宇文氏由是散亡。 皝悉收其畜產、資貨，徙其部眾五千餘落於昌黎，闢地千餘里。 更命涉夜干所居城曰威德城，使弟彪戍之而還。 高詡、劉佩皆中流矢卒。
Yidougui sent the great chief Sheyegan of Nanluo with elite troops to meet them; Huang sent a messenger in haste to Murong Han, saying, "Sheyegan's courage tops the whole army; you should avoid him for the moment." Han said, "Yidougui has committed the elite troops of his state to Sheyegan; Sheyegan has long been famed for courage and is the pillar of the whole state. If we defeat him now, their state will collapse without our needing to attack. Moreover, what do I truly know of Sheyegan? Though he has a hollow reputation, he is in truth easy to deal with; we should not avoid him and damp our army's spirit." He then advanced to battle. Han himself charged the enemy line; Sheyegan came out to meet him; Murong Ba struck from the flank and cut down Sheyegan. When the Yuwen soldiers saw Sheyegan dead, they fled without fighting; the Yan army pursued the victory and took their capital. Yidougui fled and died in the northern desert, and the Yuwen clan was scattered and destroyed. Huang seized all their livestock and goods, moved more than five thousand clans of their people to Changli, and opened more than a thousand li of territory. He renamed the city where Sheyegan had dwelt Weide City, left his younger brother Biao to garrison it, and returned. Gao Xu and Liu Pei both died of wounds from stray arrows.
37
詡善天文，皝嘗謂曰：「卿有佳書而不見與，何以為忠盡！」 詡曰：「臣聞人君執要，人臣執職。 執要者逸，執職者勞。 是以後稷播種，堯不預焉。 占候、天文，晨夜其苦，非至尊之所宜親，殿下將焉用之！」 皝默然。
Gao Xu was skilled in astronomy. Murong Huang once said to him, "You have excellent books yet do not share them with me—how is that loyal service!" Xu said, "I have heard that the ruler holds to essentials and ministers hold to their duties. He who holds essentials is at ease; he who holds duties is worn with labor. Therefore Houji sowed the fields, and Yao did not intervene. Observing omens and astronomy is arduous day and night—it is not what the Son of Heaven should attend to in person. What would Your Highness use it for!" Huang fell silent.
38
初，逸豆歸事趙甚謹，貢獻屬路。 及燕人伐逸豆歸，趙王虎使右將軍白勝、并州刺史王霸自甘松出救之。 比至，宇文氏已亡，因攻威德城，不克而還； 慕容彪追擊，破之。
Earlier Yidougui had served Zhao with great diligence, and tribute crowded the roads. When Yan attacked Yidougui, Shi Hu sent Right General Bai Sheng and the inspector of Bingzhou, Wang Ba, out from Gansong to rescue him. By the time they arrived the Yuwen had already been destroyed; they therefore attacked Weide, failed to take it, and withdrew; Murong Biao pursued and routed them.
39
慕容翰之與宇文氏戰也，為流矢所中，臥病積時不出。 後漸差，於其家試騁馬。 或告翰稱病而私飛騎乘，疑欲為變。 燕王皝雖藉翰勇略，然中心終忌之，乃賜翰死。 翰曰：「吾負罪出奔，既而復還，今日死已晚矣。 然羯賊跨據中原，吾不自量，欲為國家蕩壹區夏。 此志不遂，沒有遺恨，命矣夫！」 飲藥而卒。
When Murong Han fought the Yuwen he was struck by a stray arrow and lay ill for a long time without going abroad. Later he improved somewhat and tested a galloping horse at his home. Someone reported that Han claimed illness yet privately rode a swift horse, raising suspicion that he meant to rebel. Murong Huang, though he relied on Han's courage and stratagems, inwardly always feared him and therefore ordered him to die. Han said, "I fled in guilt and later returned—to die today is already late. Yet the Jie bandits hold the Central Plains; I overestimated myself in wishing to sweep the realm clean for the state. That ambition was not fulfilled—when I die I have no regret. It is fate!" He drank poison and died.
40
代王什翼犍遣其大人長孫秩迎婦於燕。
Dai King Shiyijian sent his great chief Changsun Zhi to fetch his bride from Yan.
41
夏，四月，涼州將張瓘敗趙將王擢於三交城。
In summer, the fourth month, Zhang Guan, a general of Liangzhou, defeated the Zhao general Wang Zhuo at Sanjiao.
42
初，趙領軍王朗言於趙王虎曰：「盛冬雪寒，而皇太子使人伐宮材，引於漳水，役者數萬，吁嗟滿道，陛下宜因出遊罷之。」 虎從之。 太子宣怒。 會熒惑守房，宣使太史令趙攬言於虎曰：「房為天王，今熒惑守之，其殃不細。 宜以貴臣王姓者當之。」 虎曰：「誰可者？」 攬曰：「無貴於王領軍。」 虎意惜朗，使攬更言其次。 攬無以對，因曰：「其次唯中書監王波耳。」 虎乃下詔，追罪波前議枯矢事，腰斬之，及其四子，投屍漳水； 既而愍其無罪，追贈司空，封其孫為侯。
Earlier Wang Lang, director of the guards, said to Shi Hu, "In deep winter's snow and cold the crown prince has men felling palace timber and hauling it to the Zhang River; tens of thousands of laborers fill the roads with groans. Your Majesty should use an outing tour as the occasion to halt it." Hu agreed. Crown Prince Xuan was furious. When Mars occupied the House asterism, Xuan had the grand astrologer Zhao Lan tell Hu, "The House is the asterism of the Son of Heaven; now Mars guards it—the calamity is no small matter. A noble minister surnamed Wang should bear it in his stead." Hu said, "Who is suitable?" Lan said, "None nobler than Director Wang." Hu cherished Lang and had Lan name the next choice. Lan had no reply and therefore said, "The next is only Director of the Secretariat Wang Bo." Hu then issued an edict, prosecuting Bo on the earlier debate over the "withered arrow," executing him by waist-slicing together with his four sons and casting the corpses into the Zhang River; afterward, pitying his innocence, he posthumously made him Minister of Works and enfeoffed his grandson as a marquis.
43
趙平北將軍尹農攻燕凡城，不克而還。
Yin Nong, Zhao's general who pacifies the north, attacked Fancheng of Yan but could not take it and returned.
44
漢太史令韓皓上言：「熒惑守心，乃宗廟不修之譴。」 漢主勢命群臣議之。 相國董皎、侍中王嘏以為：「景、武創業，獻、文承基，至親不遠，無宜疏絕。」 乃更命祀成始祖、太宗，皆謂之漢。
Han Grand Astrologer Han Hao memorialized, "Mars guarding the Heart is Heaven's reproach for neglect of the ancestral temples." Han ruler Shi ordered the ministers to deliberate. Chancellor Dong Jiao and Palace Attendant Wang Gu held that "Jing and Wu founded the enterprise and Xian and Wen carried on the foundation—close kin should not be cast off." They therefore renewed sacrifices to the founding ancestor and the grand ancestor, both styled Han.
45
征西將軍庾翼使梁州刺史桓宣擊趙將李羆於丹水，為羆所敗，翼貶宣為建威將軍。 宣慚憤成疾，秋，八月，庚辰，卒。 翼以長子方之為義城太守，代領宣眾； 又以司馬應誕為襄陽太守，參軍司馬勳為梁州刺史，戍西城。
Campaign-west General Yu Yi had Liangzhou inspector Huan Xuan attack the Zhao general Li Pi at Danshui; Xuan was defeated by Pi, and Yi demoted him to general who establishes might. Xuan, shamed and resentful, fell ill; in autumn, the eighth month, on gengchen, he died. Yi made his eldest son Fangzhi administrator of Yicheng to take command of Xuan's troops in his stead; he also made Sima Yingdan administrator of Xiangyang, staff officer Sima Xun inspector of Liangzhou, garrisoning Xicheng.
46
中書令褚裒固辭樞要； 閏月，丁巳，以裒為左將軍、都督兗州、徐州之琅邪諸軍事、兗州刺史，鎮金城。
Director of the Secretariat Chu Pou firmly declined a key post at court; in the intercalary month, on dingsi, he was made left general, commander of military affairs in Yanzhou and the Langye region of Xuzhou, and inspector of Yanzhou, stationed at Jincheng.
47
帝疾篤，庾冰、庾翼欲立會稽王昱為嗣； 中書監何充建議立皇子聃，帝從之。 九月，丙申，立聃為皇太子。 戊戌，帝崩於式乾殿。 己亥，何充以遺旨奉太子即位，大赦。 由是冰、翼深恨充。 尊皇后褚氏為皇太后。 時穆帝方二歲，太后臨朝稱制。 何充加中書監，錄尚書事。 充自陳既錄尚書，不宜復監中書； 許之，復加侍中。
The emperor was gravely ill; Yu Bing and Yu Yi wished to install Prince Kuaiji of Kuaiji as heir; Director of the Secretariat He Chong proposed installing the imperial son Dan, and the emperor followed him. In the ninth month, on bingchen, Dan was installed as crown prince. On wuxu the emperor died in Shigan Hall. On jihai He Chong, by the late emperor's testament, installed the crown prince and proclaimed a general amnesty. From this Bing and Yi deeply resented Chong. The empress of the Chu clan was honored as empress dowager. At the time Emperor Mu was just two years old; the empress dowager held court and ruled in her own name. He Chong was additionally made director of the Secretariat with authority to record Masters of Writing affairs. Chong himself stated that having authority to record Masters of Writing affairs, he ought not again to oversee the Secretariat; this was granted, and he was additionally made palace attendant.
48
充以左將軍褚裒，太后之父，宜綜朝政，上疏薦裒參錄尚書； 乃以裒為侍中、衛將軍、錄尚書事，持節、督、刺史如故。 裒以近戚，懼獲譏嫌，上疏固請居籓； 改授都督徐、兗、青三州、揚州之二郡諸軍事、衛將軍、徐、兗二州刺史，鎮京口。 尚書奏：「裒見太后，在公庭則如臣禮，私覿則嚴父。」 從之。
Chong, considering that Left General Chu Pou was the empress dowager's father and ought to oversee court government, memorialized recommending Pou to assist in recording Masters of Writing affairs; Pou was therefore made palace attendant and defender general with authority to record Masters of Writing affairs; his credential staff, command, and inspector title remained as before. Pou, as a close kinsman, feared censure and memorialized firmly requesting a post on the frontier; he was reassigned commander of military affairs in Xu, Yan, and Qing and two Yangzhou commanderies, defender general and inspector of Xu and Yan, stationed at Jingkou. The Masters of Writing memorialized, "When Pou sees the empress dowager, in the public hall he uses the rites of a subject; in private audience he is the stern father." This was approved.
49
冬，十月，乙丑，葬康帝於崇平陵。
In winter, the tenth month, on yichou, Emperor Kang was buried at Chongping Mausoleum.
50
江州刺史庾冰有疾； 太后征冰輔政，冰辭，十一月，庚辰，卒。 庾翼以家國情事，留子方之為建武將軍，戍襄陽。 方之年少，以參軍毛穆之為建武司馬以輔之。 穆之，寶之子也。 翼還鎮夏口，詔翼復督江州，又領豫州刺史。 翼辭豫州，復欲移鎮樂鄉，詔不許。 翼仍繕修軍器，大佃積穀，以圖後舉。
Yu Bing, the inspector of Jiangzhou, fell ill; the empress dowager summoned Bing to assist in government; Bing declined; in the eleventh month, on gengchen, he died. Yu Yi, on account of family and state affairs, left his son Fangzhi as general who establishes martiality, garrisoning Xiangyang. Fangzhi being young, he made staff officer Mao Muzhi jianwu sima to assist him. Muzhi was the son of Bao. Yi returned to his post at Xiakou; an edict restored him to command of Jiangzhou and additionally made him inspector of Yuzhou. Yi declined Yuzhou and again wished to move his headquarters to Lexiang; the edict did not permit it. Yi still repaired weapons, undertook great plantation to stock grain, and planned a later campaign.
51
趙王虎作河橋於靈昌津，採石為中濟，石下，輒隨流，用功五百餘萬而橋不成，虎怒，斬匠而罷。
Shi Hu built a river bridge at Lingchang Ford, quarrying stone for the central piers; whenever stone was lowered it was swept away by the current; more than five million units of labor were expended yet the bridge was not completed; in anger Hu beheaded the craftsmen and abandoned the work.
52
孝宗穆皇帝上之上
The Reign of Emperor Mu (Temple Name Xiaozong)—Upper Part One.
53
春，正月，甲戌朔，皇太后設白紗帷於太極殿，抱帝臨軒。
In spring, the first month, on jiaxu, the day of the new moon, the empress dowager set white gauze curtains in the Hall of Supreme Ultimate and held the emperor in her arms to preside at court.
54
趙義陽公鑒鎮關中，役煩賦重，文武有長髮者，輒拔為冠纓，餘以給宮人。 長史取發白趙王虎，虎征鑒還鄴。 以樂平公苞代鎮長安。 發雍、洛、秦、并州十六萬人治長安未央宮。
Prince of Yiyang Jian of Zhao held Guanzhong; corvée was oppressive and taxes heavy; any civil or military officer with long hair was plucked for cap tassels, the remainder given to palace women. The chief clerk sent the hair to Shi Hu; Hu summoned Jian back to Ye. Prince of Leping Bao was sent to replace him as commander at Chang'an. One hundred sixty thousand men from Yong, Luo, Qin, and Bing were levied to restore Weiyang Palace at Chang'an.
55
虎好獵，晚歲，體重不能跨馬，乃造獵車千乘，刻期校獵。 自靈昌津南至滎陽東極陽都為獵場，使御史監察其中禽獸，有犯者罪至大辟。 民有美女，佳牛馬，御史求之不得，皆誣以犯獸，論死者百餘人。 發諸州二十六萬人修洛陽宮。 發百姓牛二萬頭，配朔州牧官。 增置女官二十四等，東宮十二等，公侯七十餘國皆九等，大發民女三萬餘人，料為三等以配之； 太子、諸公私令采發者又將萬人。 郡縣務求美色，多強奪人妻，殺其夫及夫自殺者三千餘人。 至鄴，虎臨軒簡第，以使者為能，封侯者十二人。 荊楚、揚、徐之民流叛略盡； 守令坐不能綏懷，下獄誅者五十餘人。 金紫光祿大夫逯明因侍切諫，虎大怒，使龍騰拉殺之。
Hu loved the hunt; in his later years his weight kept him from mounting a horse, so he had a thousand hunting chariots built and fixed dates for battue hunts. From Lingchang Ford south to the eastern limits of Yangdu in Yingyang was made the hunting preserve; censors supervised the game within, and violators faced punishment up to death. When commoners had beautiful women or fine cattle and horses and the censors could not obtain them, they all falsely charged them with violating the game; more than a hundred were sentenced to death. Two hundred sixty thousand men from the provinces were levied to repair the Luoyang palace. Twenty thousand oxen of the people were levied and assigned to the herdsmen of Shuozhou. Female offices were increased to twenty-four grades, the Eastern Palace to twelve, and more than seventy states of dukes and marquises each to nine; more than thirty thousand commoners' daughters were widely levied and graded in three classes to assign them; the crown prince and various public and private orders for collection added nearly ten thousand more. Commanderies and counties strove for beauty; many forcibly seized others' wives; those whose husbands were killed or killed themselves numbered more than three thousand. When they reached Ye, Hu presided at court to select ranks, rewarding envoys for ability; twelve were enfeoffed as marquises. The people of Jingchu, Yang, and Xu had nearly all fled or rebelled; more than fifty prefects and magistrates were imprisoned and executed for failing to soothe and cherish the people. Golden Bell and Purple Radiance grandee Lu Ming remonstrated sharply while in attendance; Hu in great rage had the Dragon Leap guard drag him to death.
56
燕王皝以牛假貧民，使佃苑中，稅其什之八，自有牛者稅其七。 記室參軍封裕上書諫，以為：「古者什一而稅，天下之中正也。 降及魏、晉，仁政衰薄，假官田官牛者不過稅其什六，自在有牛者中分之，猶不取其七八也。 自永嘉以來，海內蕩析，武宣王綏之以德，華夷之民，萬里輻湊，襁負而歸之者，若赤子之歸父母。 是以戶口十倍於舊，無用者什有三四。 及殿下繼統，南摧強趙，東兼高句麗，北取宇文，拓地三千里，增民十萬戶，是宜悉罷苑囿以賦新民，無牛者官賜之牛，不當更收重稅也。 且以殿下之民用殿下之牛，牛非殿下之有，將何在哉！ 如此，則戎旗南指之日，民誰不簞食壺漿以迎王師，石虎誰與處矣！ 川瀆溝渠有廢塞者，皆應通利，旱由灌溉，潦則疏洩。 一夫不耕，或受之饑。 況游食數萬，何以得家給人足乎？ 今官司猥多，虛費廩祿，苟才不周用，皆宜澄汰。 工商末利，宜立常員。 學生三年無成，徒塞英俊之路，皆當歸之於農。 殿下聖德寬明，博采芻蕘。 參軍王憲、大夫劉明並以言事忤旨，主者處以大辟，殿下雖恕其死，猶免官禁錮。 夫求諫諍而罪直言，是猶適越而北行，必不獲其所志矣！ 右長史宋該等阿媚苟容，輕劾諫士，己無骨鯁，嫉人有之，掩蔽耳目，不忠之甚者也。」 皝乃下令，稱：「覽封記室之諫，孤實懼焉。 國以民為本，民以谷為命，可悉罷苑囿以給民之無田者。 實貧者，官與之牛； 力有餘願得官牛者，並依魏、晉舊法，溝瀆果有益者，令以時修治。 今戎事方興，勳伐既多，歲未可喊，俟中原平一，徐更議之。 工商、學生皆當裁擇。 夫人臣關言於人主，至難也，雖有狂妄，當擇其善者而從之。 王憲、劉明，雖罪應廢黜，亦由孤之無大量也，可悉復本官，仍居諫司。 封生蹇蹇，深得王臣之體，其賜錢五萬。 宣示內外，有欲陳孤過者，不拘貴賤，勿有所諱！」 皝雅好文學，常親臨庠序講授，考校學徒至千餘人，頗有妄濫者，故封裕及之。
Murong Huang lent oxen to poor commoners and had them farm in the royal parks, taxing eight-tenths of the harvest; those with their own oxen paid seven-tenths. Recorder Feng Yu submitted a memorial of remonstrance, holding that "In antiquity one-tenth was taxed—the golden mean under Heaven. Down to Wei and Jin humane government declined; those farming government land with government oxen paid no more than six-tenths; those with their own oxen split the harvest in half—still not seizing seven or eight parts. Since Yongjia the realm within the seas has been torn apart; the Martial and August king soothed it with virtue, and Chinese and barbarian peoples converged from ten thousand li, those bearing infants on their backs returning like newborns to their parents. Thus registered households are ten times the old figure, yet three or four tenths are nonproducers. When Your Highness succeeded you crushed powerful Zhao in the south, absorbed Koguryŏ in the east, and took the Yuwen in the north, extending territory three thousand li and adding a hundred thousand households—you ought to abolish all parks and estates to settle new subjects, and where there are no oxen the state should gift oxen, not impose heavier taxes again. Moreover, if Your Highness's people use Your Highness's oxen—yet the oxen are not truly Your Highness's possession—where then will they be! Thus, when the martial banners point south, which subject would not bring rice in baskets and broth in jars to welcome the royal army—who would stand with Shi Hu! Rivers, streams, ditches, and canals that are blocked should all be cleared; in drought, irrigate; in flood, drain. If one man does not plow, others may suffer hunger from it. How much less when tens of thousands live idly on others' grain can households be full and people content? Now official posts are excessive, wasting granary stipends; wherever talent does not meet the need, all should be screened and reduced. For merchants and craftsmen—the marginal profits—they should have fixed establishments. Students who after three years achieve nothing merely block the path of the talented—all should be sent back to the fields. Your Highness's sagely virtue is broad and enlightened, and you widely gather counsel even from the humblest. The army aides Wang Xian and grandee Liu Ming both offended you by speaking frankly on state affairs; the authorities sentenced them to death; though Your Highness spared their lives, they were still dismissed and confined. To invite remonstrance yet punish frank speech is like setting out for Yue and traveling north—you cannot reach your goal. Right chief clerk Song Gai and his circle flattered and indulged, lightly impeaching remonstrators; themselves without backbone, they envied those who had it, covering eyes and ears—disloyalty in the extreme." Murong Huang then issued an order: "Having read Recorder Feng's memorial, I am truly afraid. The state rests on the people; the people live on grain. Let all royal parks and estates be abolished and given to those without land. For the truly poor, the government will provide oxen; Those with surplus strength who wish to use government oxen shall follow the Wei and Jin precedents; wherever ditches and canals would truly benefit, order them repaired in season. With war underway and many campaigns for merit, levies cannot yet be cut; wait until the Central Plains are unified, then reconsider. Merchants, craftsmen, and students alike should be screened. For a minister to speak frankly to his sovereign is exceedingly hard; even when words are rash, one should heed what is good in them. Wang Xian and Liu Ming, though their offenses merited dismissal, that too arose from my own lack of magnanimity; let them all be restored to their former offices and remain in the remonstrance posts. Feng's steadfast remonstrance embodies the true minister's duty; grant him fifty thousand cash. Proclaim throughout the realm: whoever wishes to state my faults, noble or humble alike, let nothing be withheld!" Murong Huang loved letters by nature, often lecturing in person at the school and examining more than a thousand students, many admitted without merit—hence Feng Yu's remonstrance.
57
詔征衛將軍褚裒，欲以為揚州刺史、錄尚書事。 吏部尚書劉遐、長史王胡之說裒曰：「會稽王令德雅望，國之周公也，足下宜以大政授之。」 裒乃固辭，歸籓。 壬戌，以會稽王昱為撫軍大將軍，錄尚書六條事。 昱清虛寡慾，尤善玄言，常以劉惔、王濛及穎川韓伯為談客，又辟郗超為撫軍掾，謝萬為從事中郎。 超，鑒之孫也，少卓犖不羈。 父愔，簡默沖退而嗇於財，積錢至數千萬，嘗開庫任超所取； 超散施親故，一日都盡。 萬，安之弟也，清曠秀邁，亦有時名。
An edict summoned Defender-General Chu Pou, intending to appoint him Governor of Yangzhou and Recorder of the Secretariat. Minister of the Civil Service Liu Xia and chief clerk Wang Huzhi urged Pou: "The Prince of Kuaiji's virtue and reputation make him the state's Duke of Zhou; you ought to entrust supreme authority to him." Pou then firmly declined and returned to his fief. On renxu the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Yu, was made General of Agitating the Army and Recorder of the Six Secretariat Articles. Yu was pure and sparing of desire, especially skilled in Dark Learning; he often took Liu Tan, Wang Meng, and Han Bo of Yingchuan as conversationalists, and also appointed Xi Chao as staff officer of the Agitating Army and Xie Wan as Secretariat Attendant. Chao was Xi Jian's grandson; in youth he was outstanding and unrestrained. His father Xi Yin was plain, silent, retiring, and miserly, amassing cash to tens of millions; he once opened the treasury and let Chao take as he wished; Chao distributed it to kin and friends and in a single day spent it all. Wan was Xie An's younger brother—pure, open, and elegantly lofty—and he too enjoyed a reputation of the day.
58
燕有黑龍、白龍見於龍山，交首遊戲，解角而去。 燕王皝親祀以太牢，赦其境內，命所居新宮曰和龍。
In Yan a black dragon and a white dragon appeared on Dragon Mountain, their heads intertwined at play, then shed their horns and departed. Murong Huang personally sacrificed with the grand victim, amnestied his realm, and named his new palace Helong—Harmonious Dragon.
59
都亭肅侯庾翼疽發於背。 表子爰之行輔國將軍、荊州刺史，委以後任； 司馬義陽朱燾為南蠻校尉，以千人守巴陵。 秋，七月，庚午，卒。
Viscount Su of Duting, Yu Yi, developed an abscess on his back. He memorialized that his son Yuanzhi be made General of Assisting the State and Governor of Jing, entrusting him with his later duties; Zhu Dan of Yiyang, serving as marshal, was made Colonel of the Southern Barbarians, with a thousand men to hold Baling. In autumn, the seventh month, on gengwu, he died.
60
翼部將干瓚等作亂，殺冠軍將軍曹據。 朱燾與安西長史江虨，建武司馬毛穆之、將軍袁真等共誅之。 虨，統之子也。
Yi's subordinate generals Gan Zan and others rebelled and killed General of the Champions Cao Ju. Zhu Dan, with Western Pacification chief clerk Jiang Bin, Jianwu marshal Mao Muzhi, and general Yuan Zhen and others, jointly executed them. Bin was Jiang Tong's son.
61
八月，豫州刺史路永叛奔趙，趙王虎使永屯壽春。
In the eighth month, Governor of Yu Province Lu Yong rebelled and fled to Zhao; Zhao prince Shi Hu had Yong garrison Shouchun.
62
庾翼既卒，朝議皆以諸庾世在西籓，人情所安，宜依翼所請，以庾爰之代其任。 何充曰：「荊楚，國之西門，戶口百萬。 北帶強胡，西鄰勁蜀，地勢險阻，周旋萬里。 得人則中原可定，失人則社稷可憂，陸抗所謂『存則吳存，亡則吳亡』者也，豈可以白面少年當之哉！ 桓溫英略過人，有文武器干。 西夏之任，無出溫者。」 議者又曰：「庾爰之肯避溫乎？ 如令阻兵，恥懼不淺。」 充曰：「溫足以制之，諸君勿憂。」
After Yi died, court discussion held that since the Yu clan for generations had held the western frontier and the people were accustomed to them, they should follow Yi's request and have Yu Yuanzhi succeed him. He Chong said: "Jing and Chu are the state's western gate, with a million households. It borders powerful barbarians to the north and vigorous Shu to the west; the terrain is perilous and the frontier stretches ten thousand li. With the right man the Central Plains can be secured; lose him and the altars may be imperiled—what Lu Kang meant by 'if Wu stands, he stands; if Wu falls, he falls'—how can a pale-faced youth bear this! Huan Wen's heroic strategy surpassed others; he possessed both civil and military gifts. For the western frontier, none surpasses Wen." The discussants said again: "Will Yu Yuanzhi yield to Wen? If he were to hold troops and resist, shame and fear would be no small matter." Chong said: "Wen is sufficient to control him; do not worry, gentlemen."
63
丹楊尹劉惔每奇溫才，然知其有不臣之志，謂會稽王昱曰：「溫不可使居形勝之地，其位號常宜抑之。」 勸昱自鎮上流，以己為軍司，昱不聽； 又請自行，亦不聽。
Governor of Danyang Liu Tan often marveled at Wen's talent, yet knew he harbored disloyal ambitions; he told the Prince of Kuaiji: "Wen must not be placed in a strategically decisive post; his rank and title should constantly be held down." He urged Yu personally to guard the upper reaches, with Tan himself as army marshal; Yu would not listen; He asked again to go himself—again Yu would not listen.
64
庚辰，以徐州刺史桓溫為安西將軍、持節、都督荊、司、雍、益、梁、寧六州諸軍事、領護南蠻校尉、荊州刺史，爰之果不敢爭，又以劉惔監沔中諸軍事，領義成太守，代庾方之。 徙方之、爰之於豫章。
On gengchen, Governor of Xu Province Huan Wen was made General of Pacifying the West, Bearer of the Staff, Commander of military affairs in Jing, Si, Yong, Yi, Liang, and Ning, Colonel Protecting the Southern Barbarians, and Governor of Jing; Yuanzhi indeed did not dare contend; Liu Tan was also made Supervisor of military affairs in the Mian region and Administrator of Yicheng, replacing Yu Fangzhi. Fangzhi and Yuanzhi were transferred to Yuzhang.
65
桓溫嘗乘雪欲獵，先過劉惔，惔見其裝束甚嚴，謂之曰：「老賊欲持此何為？」 溫笑曰：「我不為此，卿安得坐談乎！」
Huan Wen once, riding through the snow to hunt, first called on Liu Tan; Tan saw his equipment very strict and said: "Old bandit, what do you mean to do with all this?" Wen smiled and said: "If I did not do this, how could you sit and talk at leisure!"
66
漢主勢之弟大將軍廣，以勢無子，求為太弟，勢不許。 馬當、解思明諫曰：「陛下兄弟不多，若復有所廢，將益孤危。」 固請許之。 勢疑其與廣有謀，收當、思明斬之，夷其三族。 遣太保李弈襲廣於涪城，貶廣為臨邛侯，廣自殺。 思明被收，歎曰：「國之不亡，以我數人在也，今其殆矣！」 言笑自若而死。 思明有智略，敢諫諍； 馬當素得人心。 及其死，士兵無不哀之。
Han ruler Li Shi's younger brother, Grand General Li Guang, because Shi had no son, asked to be made heir presumptive; Shi refused. Ma Dang and Xie Siming remonstrated: "Your Majesty's brothers are few; if yet another is cast aside, isolation and peril will only deepen." They firmly begged permission. Shi suspected they were plotting with Guang; he arrested Dang and Siming and executed them, exterminating their three clans. He sent Grand Mentor Li Yi to strike Guang at Fucheng; Guang was demoted to Marquis of Linqiong and took his own life. Siming was arrested and sighed: "The state would not perish while we few remained—now it is nearly done!" Speaking and laughing as before, he died. Siming had strategy and dared remonstrate; Ma Dang by nature won men's hearts. At their deaths, not a soldier failed to mourn them.
67
冬，十月，燕王皝使慕容恪攻高句麗，拔南蘇，置戍而還。
In winter, the tenth month, Murong Huang sent Murong Ke to attack Koguryŏ, took Nansu, posted a garrison, and returned.
68
十二月，張駿伐焉耆，降之。 是歲，駿分武威等十一郡為涼州，以世子重華為刺史； 分興晉等八郡為河州，以寧戎校尉張瓘為刺史； 分敦煌等三郡及西域都護等三營為沙州，以西胡校尉楊宣為刺史。 駿自稱大都督、大將軍、假涼王，督攝三州，始置祭酒、郎中、大夫、舍人、謁者等官，官員皆仿天朝而微變其名，車服旌族擬於王者。
In the twelfth month, Zhang Jun attacked Yanqi and it surrendered. That year, Jun divided eleven commanderies including Wuwei into Liang Province, appointing his heir Chonghua governor; he divided eight commanderies including Xingjin into He Province, appointing Colonel Pacifying the Rong Zhang Guan governor; he divided three commanderies including Dunhuang and three camps of the Western Regions Protectorate into Sha Province, appointing Colonel of the Western Barbarians Yang Xuan governor. Jun styled himself Grand Commander, Grand General, and Acting Prince of Liang, overseeing the three provinces; he first established offices such as Libationer, Gentleman, Grandee, Attendant, and Usher; all officials imitated the imperial court with slight changes to titles; chariots, robes, banners, and pennons rivaled a king's.
69
趙王虎以冠軍將軍姚弋仲為持節、十郡六夷大都督、冠軍大將軍。 弋仲清儉鯁直，不治威儀，言無畏避，虎甚重之。 朝之大議，每與參決，公卿皆憚而下之。 武城左尉，虎寵姬之弟也，嘗入弋仲營，侵擾其部眾。 弋仲執而數之曰：「爾為禁尉，迫脅小民，我為大臣，目所親見，不可縱也。」 命左右斬之。 尉叩頭流血，左右固諫，乃止。
Zhao prince Shi Hu made General of the Champions Yao Yizhong Bearer of the Staff, Grand Commander of the Six Tribes in Ten Commanderies, and Grand General of the Champions. Yizhong was pure, frugal, upright, and blunt; he cultivated no imposing ceremony; his speech knew no fear or evasion; Hu greatly valued him. On great court deliberations he joined in decisions each time; the grandees all feared him and yielded. The left commandant of Wucheng, younger brother of Hu's favored consort, once entered Yizhong's camp and harassed his troops. Yizhong seized him and rebuked him: "You serve as an imperial guard, coercing common people; I am a great minister and saw it with my own eyes—it cannot be indulged." He ordered his attendants to behead him. The commandant kowtowed until his head bled; attendants firmly remonstrated, and he stopped.
70
燕王皝以為古者諸侯即位，各稱元年，於是始不用晉年號，自稱十二年。
Murong Huang held that in antiquity when feudal lords took the throne each called his own first year; thereby he first ceased using Jin reign titles and styled his reign the twelfth year.
71
趙王虎使征東將軍鄧恆將兵數萬屯樂安，治攻具，為取燕之計。 燕王皝以慕容霸為平狄將軍，戍徒河； 恆畏之，不敢犯。
Zhao prince Shi Hu had Eastern Campaign General Deng Heng lead tens of thousands of troops to camp at Le'an, preparing siege engines, planning to take Yan. Murong Huang made Murong Ba General of Pacifying the Di and garrisoned him at Tujin; Heng feared him and did not dare invade.
72
春，正月，丙寅，大赦。
In spring, the first month, on bingyin, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
73
己卯，都鄉文穆侯何充卒。 充有器局，臨朝正色，以社稷為己任，所選用皆以功效，不私親舊。
On jimao, Marquis Wenmu of Duxiang, He Chong, died. Chong had capacity and judgment; at court he kept a grave demeanor and took the altars as his personal charge; those he selected and employed were judged by merit, not favoring kin or old associates.
74
初，夫餘居於鹿山，為百濟所侵，部落衰散，西徙近燕，而不設備。 燕王皝遣世子俊帥慕容軍、慕容恪、慕輿根三將軍、萬七千騎襲夫餘。 俊居中指授，軍事皆以任恪。 遂拔夫餘，虜其王玄及部落五萬餘口而還。 皝以玄為鎮軍將軍，妻以女。
Initially Fuyu dwelt on Deer Mountain; invaded by Paekche, its tribes scattered and declined; it moved west near Yan yet made no preparations. Murong Huang sent the heir-apparent Jun at the head of three generals—Murong Jun, Murong Ke, and Murong Gen—and seventeen thousand cavalry to raid Fuyu. Jun sat at center directing operations; all military affairs were entrusted to Ke. They then took Fuyu, captured King Xuan and more than fifty thousand of the tribe, and returned. Huang made Xuan General of Garrisoning the Army and gave him a daughter in marriage.
75
二月，癸丑，以左光祿大夫蔡謨領司徒，與會稽王昱同輔政。
In the second month, on guichou, Left Household Grandee Cai Mo was made acting Minister of Education, to assist government jointly with the Prince of Kuaiji.
76
褚裒薦前光祿大夫顧和、前司徒左長史殷浩； 三月，丙子，以和為尚書令，浩為建武將軍、揚州刺史。 和有母喪，固辭不起，謂所親曰：「古人有釋衰絰從王者，以其才足干時故也。 如和者，正足以虧孝道、傷風俗耳。」 識者美之。 浩亦固辭。 會稽王昱與浩書曰：「屬當厄運，危弊理極，足下沈識淹長，足以經濟。 若復深存挹退，苟遂本懷，吾恐天下之事於此去矣。 足下去就，即時之廢興，則家國不異，足下宜深思之。」 浩乃就職。
Chu Pou recommended former Household Grandee Gu He and former left chief clerk of the Minister of Education Yin Hao; In the third month, on bingzi, He was made Director of the Secretariat and Hao General of Establishing Martial Prowess and Governor of Yangzhou. He was in mourning for his mother and firmly declined office; he told those close to him: "In antiquity some cast off mourning bands to follow kings because their talent sufficed to sustain the age. One like me would only impair filial duty and harm custom." Those of insight praised him. Hao also firmly declined. The Prince of Kuaiji wrote to Hao: "We face ill fortune; peril and decay have reached their limit. Your profound knowledge and long experience are enough to sustain the state. If you again deeply preserve modest withdrawal and simply follow your original wish, I fear the realm's affairs will slip away at this very moment. Your going or staying at this moment is the rise or fall of the age; family and state are one—you should ponder this deeply." Hao then took office.
77
夏，四月，己酉朔，日有食之。
In summer, the fourth month, on the first day jiyou, there was a solar eclipse.
78
五月，丙戌，西平忠成公張駿薨。 官屬上世子重華為使持節、大都督、太尉、護羌校尉、涼州牧、西平公、假涼王； 赦其境內； 尊嫡母嚴氏為大王太后，母馬氏為王太后。
In the fifth month, on the bingxu day, Zhang Jun, the Loyal and Accomplished Duke of Xiping, died. His officials installed the heir apparent Chonghua as bearer of the staff of authority, grand commander-in-chief, grand marshal, Protector of the Qiang, governor of Liang Province, Duke of Xiping, and acting Prince of Liang; they proclaimed an amnesty throughout the realm; they honored his principal mother, Lady Yan, as Grand Queen Mother and his mother, Lady Ma, as Queen Mother.
79
趙中黃門嚴生惡尚書朱軌，會久雨，生譖軌不修道路，又謗訕朝政，趙王虎囚之。 蒲洪諫曰：「陛下既有襄國、鄴宮，又修長安、洛陽宮殿，將以何用？ 作獵車千乘，環數千里以養禽獸，奪人妻女十萬餘口以實後宮，聖帝明王之所為，固若是乎？ 今又以道路不修，欲殺尚書。 陛下德政不修，天降淫雨，七旬乃霽。 霽方二日，雖有鬼兵百萬，亦未能去道路之塗潦，而況人乎！ 政刑如此，其如四海何！ 其如後代何！ 願止作役，罷苑囿，出宮女，赦朱軌，以副眾望。」 虎雖不悅，亦不之罪，為之罷長安、洛陽作役，而竟誅朱軌。 又立私論朝政之法，聽吏告其君，奴告其主。 公卿以下，朝覲以目相顧，不必復相過從談語。
Yan Sheng, a Central Yellow Gate attendant of Zhao, hated Minister of the Masters of Writing Zhu Gui; when the rains lingered, Sheng accused Gui of neglecting the roads and also reviled the government, and Zhao prince Shi Hu had him imprisoned. Pu Hong remonstrated, saying, "Your Majesty already has palaces at Xiangguo and Ye, yet you are also rebuilding the palaces at Chang'an and Luoyang—what purpose will that serve? You build a thousand hunting chariots and fence off thousands of li to keep game; you seize more than a hundred thousand wives and daughters of the people to stock the inner palace—is this what sage emperors and enlightened kings are supposed to do? Now, because the roads are not repaired, you wish to execute a minister of the masters of writing. Your Majesty does not cultivate virtuous government; Heaven sends down torrential rain, and it clears only after seventy days. It has been clear barely two days; even a million ghost soldiers could not clear the mud and standing water from the roads—how much less ordinary men! When government and punishments are like this, what will become of the empire! What will become of posterity! I beg you to halt labor corvée, abolish the parks and hunting enclosures, release palace women, and pardon Zhu Gui, to meet the people's expectations." Though Shi Hu was displeased, he did not punish Pu Hong; he halted construction at Chang'an and Luoyang on his account, yet in the end executed Zhu Gui. He also established a law allowing private commentary on court affairs, permitting clerks to denounce their superiors and slaves to denounce their masters. From the three highest ministers downward, at court audiences they only exchanged glances and no longer visited or spoke with one another.
80
趙將軍王擢擊張重華，襲武街，執護軍曹權、胡宣，徙七千餘戶於雍州。 涼州刺史麻秋、將軍孫伏都攻金城，太守張沖請降，涼州震動。 重華悉發境內兵，使征南將軍裴恆將之以御趙。 恆壁於廣武，久而不戰。 涼州司馬張耽言於重華曰：「國之存亡在兵，兵之勝敗在將。 今議者舉將，多推宿舊。 夫韓信之舉，非舊德也。 蓋明主之舉，舉無常人，才之所堪，則授以大事。 今強寇在境，諸將不進，人情危懼。 主簿謝艾，兼資文武，可用以御趙。」 重華召艾，問以方略； 艾願請兵七千人，必破趙以報。 重華拜艾中堅將軍，給步騎五千，使擊秋。 艾引兵出振武，夜有二梟鳴於牙中，艾曰：「六博得梟者勝。 今梟鳴牙中，克敵之兆也。」 進與趙戰，大破之，斬首五千級。 重華封艾為福祿伯。
Zhao general Wang Zhuo attacked Zhang Chonghua, raided Wujie, captured Protector of the Army Cao Quan and Hu Xuan, and relocated more than seven thousand households to Yong Province. Liang Province inspector Ma Qiu and general Sun Fudu attacked Jincheng; the prefect Zhang Chong offered to surrender, and all of Liang Province was shaken. Chonghua mobilized every soldier in the realm and had Southern Campaign General Pei Heng lead them against Zhao. Heng fortified at Guangwu and for a long time refused to fight. Liang Province marshal Zhang Dan said to Chonghua, "Whether a state survives or perishes depends on its armies; whether armies win or lose depends on their generals. Today those who debate the matter mostly nominate longstanding veterans as generals. Han Xin's elevation was not based on old merit. An enlightened ruler promotes no ordinary man; where talent can bear the burden, he entrusts it with great affairs. Now a powerful enemy is at the border, the generals will not advance, and the people are gripped by fear. Chief clerk Xie Ai is gifted in both civil and military affairs and can be used to resist Zhao." Chonghua summoned Ai and asked him for a plan of campaign; Ai asked for seven thousand troops and vowed he would surely defeat Zhao in return. Chonghua appointed Ai General of the Central Garrison, gave him five thousand infantry and cavalry, and sent him against Ma Qiu. Ai led his troops out from Zhenwu; at night two owls cried within the command pennant, and Ai said, "In the game liubo, he who captures the owl wins. Now owls cry within the pennant—it is an omen that we will overcome the enemy." He advanced, gave battle to Zhao, won a great victory, and took five thousand heads. Chonghua enfeoffed Ai as Marquis of Fulu.
81
麻秋之克金城也，縣令敦煌車濟不降，伏劍而死。 秋又攻大夏，護軍梁式執太守宋晏，以城應秋，秋遣晏以書誘致宛戍都尉敦煌宋矩。 矩曰：「為人臣，功既不成，唯有死節耳！」 先殺妻子而後自刎。 秋曰：「皆義士也。」 收而葬之。
When Ma Qiu took Jincheng, Che Ji, the magistrate of Dunhuang county, refused to surrender and fell on his sword. Qiu again attacked Daxia; Protector of the Army Liang Shi seized the prefect Song Yan and surrendered the city to Qiu; Qiu sent Yan with a letter to lure Song Ju of Dunhuang, commandant of the Wan garrison. Ju said, "As a subject, since I have achieved no merit, there is only to die for my integrity!" He first killed his wife and children and then cut his own throat. Qiu said, "They were all men of righteousness." He gathered their bodies and buried them.
82
冬，漢太保李弈自晉壽舉兵反，蜀人多從之，眾至數萬。 漢主勢登城拒虞，弈單騎突門，門者射而殺之，其眾綿潰。 勢大赦境內，改年嘉寧。 勢驕淫，不恤國事，多居禁中，罕接公卿，疏忌舊臣，信任左右，讒謅並進，刑罰苛濫，由是中外離心。 蜀土先無獠，至是始從山出，自巴西至犍為、梓潼，佈滿山谷十餘萬落，不可禁制，大為民患。 加以饑饉，四境之內，遂至蕭條。
In winter, Han grand guardian Li Yi raised troops in revolt from Jinshou; many in Shu joined him, and his force grew to tens of thousands. Han ruler Li Shi mounted the walls to resist the rebels; Yi charged the gate alone on horseback, and the gate guards shot and killed him; his host collapsed in disarray. Shi proclaimed a great amnesty throughout the realm and changed the era name to Jianing. Shi was arrogant and dissolute and heedless of state affairs; he spent most of his time in the inner palace, rarely received the highest ministers, grew distant and suspicious of old officials, trusted only those at his side, allowed slander and flattery to flourish, and imposed harsh and excessive punishments—so that court and countryside alike lost heart. There had formerly been no Liao people in Shu; now they first came down from the mountains, from Baxi to Jianwei and Zitong, filling the valleys in more than a hundred thousand settlements, beyond all control, and became a great scourge upon the people. Famine was added to this, and within the four borders the land fell into desolation.
83
安西將軍桓溫將伐漢，將佐皆以為不可。 江夏相袁喬勸之曰：「夫經略大事，固非常情所及，智者了於胸中，不必待眾言皆合也。 今為天下之患者，胡、蜀二寇而已。 蜀雖險固，比胡為弱，將欲除之，宜先其易者。 李勢無道，臣民不附，且恃其險遠，不修戰備。 宜以精卒萬人輕繼疾趨，比其覺之，我已出其險要，可一戰擒也。 蜀地富饒，戶口繁庶，諸葛武侯用之抗衡中夏，若得而有之，國家之大利也。 論者恐大軍既西，胡必窺覦，此似是而非。 胡聞我萬里遠征，以為內有重備，必不敢動； 縱有侵軼，緣江諸軍足以拒守，必無憂也。」 溫從之。 喬，瑰之子也。
Anxi general Huan Wen was preparing to attack Han; his generals and aides all said it could not be done. Jiangxia chancellor Yuan Qiao urged him, saying, "Grand strategy is not something ordinary minds can grasp; the wise man sees it clearly in his own breast and need not wait until every voice agrees. The afflictions of the realm today are only the two enemies, the barbarians and Shu. Though Shu is rugged and well defended, it is weaker than the northern foe; if you mean to eliminate them, you should strike the easier target first. Li Shi is without the Way; his subjects and people do not support him, and he relies on his rugged remoteness and neglects his defenses. You should take ten thousand elite troops, travel light with little baggage, and march swiftly; before he realizes it, we will already be past his strategic passes and can take him in a single battle. Shu is rich and fertile, its population numerous; Zhuge Liang used it to contend with central China—if we gain and hold it, that is a great benefit to the state. Critics fear that once the main army marches west, the northern foe will surely take advantage—this seems plausible but is wrong. When the barbarians hear that we are marching on an expedition ten thousand li distant, they will assume we have strong reserves at home and will not dare stir; even if they raid, the armies along the Yangzi are sufficient to hold them off—there is nothing to fear." Huan Wen followed his advice. Qiao was the son of Yuan Gui.
84
十一月，辛未，溫帥益州刺史周撫、南郡太守譙王無忌伐漢，拜表即行； 委安西長史范汪以留事，加撫督梁州之四郡諸軍事； 使袁喬帥二千人為前鋒。
In the eleventh month, on the xinwei day, Huan Wen led Yi Province inspector Zhou Fu and Nanking prefect, Prince of Qiao Wu Ji, to attack Han, submitted his memorial, and marched at once; he left remaining affairs to Anxi chief clerk Fan Wang and added to Zhou Fu supervision of military affairs in the four commanderies of Liang Province; and had Yuan Qiao lead two thousand men as the vanguard.
85
朝廷以蜀道險遠，溫眾少而深入，皆以為憂，惟劉惔以為必克。 或問其故，惔曰：「以博知之。 溫，善博者也，不必得則不為。 但恐克蜀之後，溫終專制朝廷耳。」
The court, seeing that the road to Shu was perilous and distant and that Huan Wen had few troops yet was penetrating deep, was full of anxiety; only Liu Tan believed he would surely prevail. When someone asked why, Tan said, "I know it from gaming. Huan Wen is a skilled gambler; if he is not sure of winning, he does not play. I only fear that after he conquers Shu, Huan Wen will end up dominating the court."
86
春，二月，桓溫軍至青衣。 漢主勢大發兵，遣叔父右衛將軍福、從兄鎮南將軍權、前將軍昝堅等將之，自山陽趣合水。 諸將欲伏於江南以待晉，昝堅不從，引兵自江北鴛鴦碕渡向犍為。
In spring, the second month, Huan Wen's army reached Qingyi. Han ruler Li Shi mobilized a great army, sent his uncle Right Guards General Li Fu, his cousin Southern Pacification General Li Quan, Forward General Zan Jian, and others to command it, and himself marched from Shanyang toward Heshui. The generals wished to lie in ambush south of the river to await the Jin army; Zan Jian refused, led his troops from the north bank across at Yuanyang Ford, and marched toward Jianwei.
87
三月，溫至彭模。 議者欲分為兩軍，異道俱進，以分漢兵之勢。 袁喬曰：「今懸軍深入萬里之外，勝則大功可立，不勝則□類無遺，當合勢齊力，以取一戰之捷。 若分兩軍，則眾心不一，萬一偏敗，大事去矣。 不如全軍而進，棄去釜甑，繼三日糧，以示無還心，勝可必也。」 溫從之，留參軍孫盛、周楚將贏兵守輜重，溫自將步卒直指成都。 楚，撫之子也。
In the third month, Huan Wen reached Pengmo. His advisers wished to split into two armies and advance by separate routes to divide the Han forces. Yuan Qiao said, "We have thrust our army deep into enemy territory ten thousand li from home; if we win, great merit can be won—if we lose, not one of us will survive; we must combine our strength and unite for a single decisive victory. If we split into two armies, morale will splinter; if one wing is defeated, the whole campaign is lost. Better to advance with the whole army, burn our cooking pots, carry only three days' rations, and show we have no intention of turning back—then victory is assured." Huan Wen agreed; he left army aides Sun Sheng and Zhou Chu with a light force to guard the baggage train, while he himself led infantry straight for Chengdu. Zhou Chu was the son of Zhou Fu.
88
李福進攻彭模，孫盛等奮擊，走之。 溫進，遇李權，三戰三捷，漢兵散走歸成都，鎮東將軍李位都迎詣溫降。 昝堅至犍為，乃知與溫異道，還，自沙頭津濟，比至，溫已軍於成都之十里陌，堅眾自潰。
Li Fu advanced to attack Pengmo; Sun Sheng and the others fought fiercely and drove him off. Huan Wen advanced, met Li Quan, and won three battles in succession; Han troops scattered and fled back to Chengdu; Eastern Pacification General Li Weidu came out to meet him and surrendered. Zan Jian reached Jianwei and only then learned he was on a different route from Huan Wen; he turned back, crossed at Shatou Ford, and by the time he arrived Huan Wen had already encamped at the Ten-Li Mound outside Chengdu—Jian's force collapsed on its own.
89
勢悉眾出戰於成都之笮橋，溫前鋒不利，參軍龔護戰死，矢及溫馬首。 眾懼，欲退，而鼓吏誤鳴進鼓； 袁喬拔劍督士卒力戰，遂大破之。 溫乘勝長驅至成都，縱火燒其城門。 漢人惶懼，無復鬥志。 勢夜開東門走，至葭萌，使散騎常侍王幼送降文於溫，自稱「略陽李勢叩頭死罪」，尋輿櫬面縛詣軍門。 溫解縛焚櫬，送勢及宗室十餘人於建康； 引漢司空譙獻之等以為參佐，舉賢旌善，蜀人悅之。
Li Shi led out his entire force to fight at the Zha Bridge outside Chengdu; Huan Wen's vanguard fared badly, army aide Gong Hu was killed in battle, and arrows struck Huan Wen's horse in the head. The troops panicked and wished to retreat, but the drum officer mistakenly sounded the advance drum; Yuan Qiao drew his sword and drove the soldiers to fight with all their strength, and won a great victory. Huan Wen, pressing his advantage, drove straight to Chengdu and set fire to its gates. The Han troops were terrified and lost all will to fight. Li Shi opened the east gate by night and fled; reaching Jiameng, he sent Regular Attendant of the Scattered Riders Wang You to deliver his surrender to Huan Wen, signing himself "Li Shi of Lueyang, kowtowing in mortal guilt"; soon he came to the army gate in a coffin-cart with his face bound. Huan Wen released his bonds, burned the coffin-cart, and sent Li Shi and more than ten members of the imperial clan to Jiankang; he took Han minister of works Qiao Xianzhi and others as his aides, promoted the worthy and honored the good, and the people of Shu were pleased.
90
日南太守夏侯覽貪縱，侵刻胡商，又科調船材，雲欲有所討，由是諸國恚憤。 林邑王文攻陷日南，將士死者五六千，殺覽，以屍祭天。 檄交州刺史朱蕃，請以郡北橫山為界。 文既去，蕃使督護劉雄戍日南。
Rinan prefect Xiahou Lan was greedy and unrestrained, cheated and exploited foreign merchants, and also levied ship timber on the pretext of mounting a campaign—so that the various states were filled with resentment. Lin Yi king Fan Wen attacked and captured Rinan; five or six thousand officers and soldiers died; he killed Lan and offered his corpse as a sacrifice to Heaven. He sent a proclamation to Jiaozhi inspector Zhu Fan, requesting that Mount Heng north of the commandery serve as the border. After Fan Wen had withdrawn, Zhu Fan sent supervisor Liu Xiong to garrison Rinan.
91
漢故尚書僕射王誓、鎮東將軍鄧定、平南將軍王潤、將軍隗文等皆舉兵反，眾各萬餘。 桓溫自擊定，使袁喬擊文，皆破之。 溫命益州刺史周撫鎮彭模，斬王誓、王潤。 溫留成都三十日，振旅還江陵。 李勢至建康，封歸義侯。 夏，四月，丁巳，鄧定、隗文等入據成都，征虜將軍楊謙棄涪城，退保德陽。
Former Han vice director of the masters of writing Wang Shi, Eastern Pacification General Deng Ding, Southern Pacification General Wang Run, general Kui Wen, and others all rose in revolt, each with a force of more than ten thousand. Huan Wen himself attacked Deng Ding and had Yuan Qiao attack Kui Wen; both were defeated. Huan Wen ordered Yi Province inspector Zhou Fu to garrison Pengmo and executed Wang Shi and Wang Run. Huan Wen remained at Chengdu thirty days, reorganized his troops, and returned to Jiangling. Li Shi reached Jiankang and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Guiyi. In summer, the fourth month, on the dingsi day, Deng Ding, Kui Wen, and others seized Chengdu; campaign general Yang Qian abandoned Fucheng and withdrew to Deyang.
92
趙涼州刺史麻秋攻枹罕。 晉昌太守郎坦以城大難守，欲棄外城。 武成太守張悛曰：「棄外城則動眾心，大事去矣。」 寧戎校尉張璩從悛言，固守大城。 秋帥眾八萬，圍塹數重，雲梯地突，百道皆進。 城中御之，秋眾死傷數萬。 趙王虎復遣其將劉渾等帥步騎二萬會之。 郎坦恨言不用，教軍士李嘉潛引趙兵千餘人登城； 璩督諸將力戰，殺二百餘人，趙兵乃退。 璩燒其攻具，秋退保大夏。
Zhao Liang Province inspector Ma Qiu attacked Fuhan. Jinchang prefect Lang Tan, finding the city too large to defend, wished to abandon the outer city. Wucheng prefect Zhang Shuan said, "If we abandon the outer city, we will shake the troops' morale and the cause is lost." Ningrong commandant Zhang Qu followed Zhang Shuan's advice and held firm to the inner city. In the autumn Ma Qiu mustered eighty thousand men, threw up trench rings layer upon layer, and pushed forward with siege towers, sappers, and assaults from every quarter. The defenders beat them back from inside the walls, and Ma Qiu's army lost tens of thousands killed and wounded. Shi Hu sent Liu Hun and other commanders with twenty thousand infantry and cavalry to reinforce the siege. Lang Tan, bitter that his counsel had been ignored, induced a trooper named Li Jia to smuggle more than a thousand Zhao soldiers onto the ramparts. Zhang Qu rallied the officers in a stiff fight, cut down over two hundred of the enemy, and drove the Zhao climbers back. Zhang Qu burned the attackers' engines; Ma Qiu pulled back and regrouped at Daxia.
93
虎以中書監石寧為征西將軍，帥並、司州兵二萬餘人為秋等後繼。 張重華將宋秦等帥戶二萬降於趙。 重華以謝艾為使持節、軍師將軍，帥步騎三萬進軍臨河。 艾乘軺車，戴白窺，鳴鼓而行。 秋望見，怒曰：「艾年少書生，冠服如此，輕我也」。 命黑槊龍驤三千人馳擊之，艾左右大擾。 或勸艾宜乘馬，艾不從，下車，踞胡床，指麾處分； 趙人以為有伏兵，懼不敢進。 別將張瑁自間道引兵截趙軍後，趙軍退，艾乘勢進擊，大破之，斬其將杜勳、汲魚，獲首虜一萬三千級，秋單馬奔大夏。
Shi Hu named Chief Secretariat Supervisor Shi Ning western-expedition general and sent him with over twenty thousand men from Bing and Si to follow up on Ma Qiu. Song Qin and other officers under Zhang Chonghua defected with twenty thousand registered households. Zhang Chonghua commissioned Xie Ai as staff-bearing marshal and army strategist and sent him forward to the Lin River with thirty thousand infantry and cavalry. Xie Ai came in an open light cart, a white kerchief on his head, drums sounding as he marched. Ma Qiu caught sight of him and raged: "That stripling clerk in scholar's robes — he's mocking me!" He loosed three thousand Black-Spear "Dragon Charger" shock troops; Xie Ai's escort fell into disorder. Advisers told him to take a horse; he refused, stepped down, sat on a folding camp chair, and directed the battle by gesture. The Zhao troops took his calm for an ambush and hung back in fear. Meanwhile Zhang Mao had slipped along a back trail to hit the Zhao rear; when they broke, Xie Ai pressed the rout, smashed them utterly, killed the generals Du Xun and Ji Yu, and took thirteen thousand heads and prisoners — Ma Qiu fled alone to Daxia.
94
五月，秋與石寧復帥眾十二萬進屯河南，劉寧、王擢略地晉興、廣武、武街，至於曲柳。 張重華使將軍牛旋御之，退守枹罕，姑臧大震。 重華欲親出拒之，謝艾固諫。 別駕從事索遐曰：「君者，一國之鎮，不可輕動」。 乃以艾為使持節、都督征討諸軍事、行衛將軍，遐為軍正將軍，帥步騎二萬拒之。 別將楊康敗劉寧於沙阜，寧退屯金城。
In the fifth month Ma Qiu and Shi Ning returned with a hundred and twenty thousand men and camped on the south bank of the Yellow River; Liu Ning and Wang Zhuo overran the border posts of Jinxing, Guangwu, and Wujie as far as Qu Liu. Zhang Chonghua sent Niu Xuan to meet them; Niu Xuan fell back on Fuhan, and the capital Guzang trembled with fear. Zhang Chonghua meant to take the field in person; Xie Ai argued him down. Privy secretary Suo Xia said, "You are the pillar of the realm; you cannot expose yourself." They gave Xie Ai supreme punitive command with twenty thousand foot and horse, Suo Xia as army rectifier, and sent the pair to hold the line. Yang Kang routed Liu Ning on Sandy Hill; Liu Ning pulled back to Jincheng.
95
六月，辛酉，大赦。
On the sixth month's xinyou day the court proclaimed a general amnesty.
96
秋，七月，林邑復陷日南，殺督護劉雄。
In the seventh month Linyi again overran Rinan and killed the protector Liu Xiong.
97
隗文、鄧定等立故國師範長生之子賁為帝而奉之，以妖異惑眾，蜀人多歸之。
Wei Wen and Deng Ding enthroned the son of the Daoist master Fan Changsheng and worked occult wonders on the crowd until much of Shu fell in behind them.
98
趙王虎復遣征西將軍孫伏都、將軍劉渾帥步騎二萬會麻秋軍，長驅濟河，擊張重華，遂城長最。 謝艾建牙誓眾，有風吹旌旗東南指，索遐曰：「風為號令，今旌旗指敵，天所贊也。」 艾軍於神鳥，王擢與艾前鋒戰，敗走，還河南。 八月，戊午，艾進擊秋，大破之，秋遁歸金城。 虎聞之，歎曰：「吾以偏師定九州，今以九州之力困於枹罕。 彼有人焉，未可圖也！」 艾還，討叛虜斯骨真等萬餘落，皆破平之。
Shi Hu again sent Sun Fudu and Liu Hun with twenty thousand men to join Ma Qiu, crossed the Yellow River in a long drive, hammered Zhang Chonghua, and threw up a fortress at Changzui. Xie Ai assembled the troops under the war banners; a wind snapped the standards toward the southeast. Suo Xia cried, "Wind is Heaven's command — see how the flags turn on the enemy! Xie Ai pitched at Divine Bird; Wang Zhuo's van was beaten and fled back across the river. On the eighth month's wuwu day Xie Ai smashed Ma Qiu again; Ma Qiu ran for Jincheng. When Shi Hu heard, he groaned, "Once a single column of mine took the empire — now all Zhao strains against one Fuhan! They have talent in that corner. The place is not to be had yet. On the march home Xie Ai broke more than ten thousand rebel tribes under Si Guzhen and the like.
99
趙王虎據十州之地，聚斂金帛，及外國所獻珍異，府庫財物，不可勝紀； 猶自以為不足，悉發前代陵墓，取其金寶。
Shi Hu held ten provinces, piled tax gold and foreign tribute until the vaults were countless; yet called it too little and plundered the royal graves of earlier ages for their treasure.
100
沙門吳進言於虎曰：「胡運將衰，晉當復興，宜苦役晉人以厭其氣。」 虎使尚書張群發近郡男女十六萬人，車十萬乘，運士築華林苑及長牆於鄴北，廣袤數十里。 申鐘、石璞、趙攬等上疏陳天文錯亂，百姓凋弊。 虎大怒曰：「使苑牆朝成，吾夕沒無恨矣。」 促張群使然燭夜作； 暴風大雨，死者數萬人。 郡國前後送蒼麟十六，白鹿七，虎命司虞張曷柱調之以駕芝蓋，大朝會列於殿庭。
The monk Wu Jin told him, "The barbarian fate wanes; the Jin line will rise again — grind the Han people with forced labor to crush their vital force. Shi Hu had Zhang Qun draft a hundred and sixty thousand men and women from the neighboring districts, a hundred thousand wagons of earth, and raise the Hualin Park and the long rampart north of Ye across dozens of li. Shen Zhong, Shi Pu, Zhao Lan, and others warned that the stars were awry and the people ruined. Shi Hu thundered, "If the park wall stands by dawn, I will die at dusk content. He drove Zhang Qun to work the laborers by torchlight through the night; a storm broke; tens of thousands perished. Districts sent sixteen blue deer and seven white stags; Shi Hu had the herds intendant break them to the rein for fungus-canopied state coaches and parade them in the forecourt at a grand audience.
101
九月，命太子宣出祈福於山川，因行遊獵。 宣乘大輅，羽葆華蓋，建天子旌旗，十有六軍戎卒十八萬，出自金明門。 虎從其後宮升陵霄觀望之，笑曰：「我家父子如是，自非天崩地陷，當復何愁！ 但抱子弄孫，日為樂耳。」
In the ninth month he sent the crown prince Shi Xuan to pray at the rivers and mountains — and to hunt on the way. Xuan rolled out in the imperial chariot with feathered canopy and flowered parasol, imperial banners flying, sixteen corps and a hundred and eighty thousand men behind him through the Golden Bright Gate. From the Spirit-Cloud Pavilion Shi Hu watched the host and laughed: "With father and son like this, unless heaven falls and earth cracks, what is left to fear? Nothing but to dandle grandchildren and take one's ease day by day."
102
宣所捨，輒列人為長圍，四面各百里，驅禽獸，至暮皆集其所，使文武跪立，重行圍守，炬火如晝，命勁騎百餘馳射其中，宣與姬妾乘輦臨觀，獸盡而止。 或獸有迸逸，當圍守者，有爵則奪馬，步驅一日，無爵則鞭之一百。 士卒饑凍死者萬有餘人，所過三州十五郡，資儲皆無孑遺。
Wherever Xuan camped he threw a hundred-li cordon on every side, drove game inward until dusk, made officials and soldiers kneel in ranks with torches bright as noonday, and sent a hundred picked horsemen to ride the ring shooting down the animals while he and his women watched from a litter until nothing stirred. Any beast that broke the ring cost a noble his mount and a day's march on foot; common soldiers earned a hundred strokes of the whip. More than ten thousand soldiers died of hunger and cold; three provinces and fifteen commanderies were stripped bare.
103
虎覆命秦公韜繼出，自并州至於秦、雍，亦如之。 宣怒其與己鈞敵，愈嫉之。 宦者趙生得幸於宣，無寵於韜，微勸宣除之，於是始有殺韜之謀矣。
Shi Hu ordered his son Shi Tao, Duke of Qin, on the same sort of expedition from Bing province through Qin and Yong. Xuan hated the equal display and nursed deeper spite. The eunuch Zhao Sheng, favored by Xuan but not by Tao, whispered that Tao should be removed — and the murder plot began.
104
趙麻秋又襲張重華將張瑁，敗之，斬首三千餘級。 枹罕護軍李逵帥眾七千降於趙，自河以南氐、羌皆附於趙。
Ma Qiu raided Zhang Mao, routed him, and took more than three thousand heads. Li Kui, garrison commander of Fuhan, surrendered seven thousand men to Zhao; Di and Qiang south of the river went over in mass.
105
冬，十月，乙丑，遣侍御史俞歸至涼州，授張重華侍中、大都督、督隴右、關中諸軍事、大將軍、涼州刺史、西平公。 歸至姑臧，重華欲稱涼王，未肯受詔，使所親沈猛私謂歸曰：「主公弈世為晉忠臣，今曾不如鮮卑，何也？ 朝廷封慕容皝為燕王，而主公才為大將軍，何以褒勸忠賢乎！ 明台宜移河右，共勸州主為涼王。 人臣出使，苟利社稷，專之可也。」 歸曰：「吾子失言！ 昔三代之王也，爵之貴者莫若上公； 及周之衰，吳、楚始僭號稱王，而諸侯亦不之非，蓋以蠻夷畜之也； 借使齊、魯稱王，諸侯豈不四面攻之乎！ 漢高祖封韓、彭為王，尋皆誅滅，蓋權時之宜，非厚之也。 聖上以貴公忠賢，故爵以上公，任以方伯，寵榮極矣，豈鮮卑夷狄所可比哉！ 且吾聞之，功有大小，賞有重輕。 今貴公始繼世而為王，若帥河右之眾，東平胡、羯，修復陵廟，迎天子返洛陽，將何以加之乎？」 重華乃止。 武都氐王楊初遣使來稱籓； 詔以初為使持節、征南將軍、雍州刺史、仇池公。
In the tenth month the court dispatched the censor Yu Gui to Liangzhou to invest Zhang Chonghua as palace attendant, supreme commander of Longyou and the Guanzhong armies, general-in-chief, Liangzhou governor, and Duke of Xiping. At Guzang, Zhang Chonghua wanted the title King of Liang and hesitated to accept the patent; his confidant Shen Meng told Yu Gui privately, "Our master has been Jin's loyal vassal for generations — how is he now ranked below the Xianbei? Murong Huang was made King of Yan while our lord stops at general-in-chief — is that how you honor faithful service! Move the court west and jointly urge the Prince of Liang upon him. An envoy who serves the realm may act on his own when the need is clear. Yu Gui replied, "Young man, that is disloyal talk. Under the Three Dynasties the highest enfeoffment was Duke of the First Rank; when Zhou weakened Wu and Chu first styled themselves kings without censure from the other lords, because they were treated as outer barbarians. Had Qi or Lu claimed kingship, the other states would have torn them apart from every side. Gaozu made Han Xin and Peng Yue kings and soon destroyed them — a moment's tactic, not a lasting honor. The Son of Heaven has given your master the highest noble rank and full regional command — a peak of honor not to be compared with frontier barbarians! Merit has its measure, and reward its scale. If your lord, newly come to his post, led the armies of the west to crush the barbarians eastward, rebuilt the imperial shrines, and escorted the emperor home to Luoyang — what title would then be left to add?" Zhang Chonghua dropped the matter. Yang Chu, Di king of Wudu, sent envoys offering allegiance; The court named him staff-bearer, southern-expedition general, Yongzhou governor, and Duke of Chou.
106
十二月，振威護軍蕭敬文殺征虜將軍楊謙，攻涪城，陷之，自稱益州牧，遂取巴西，通於漢中。」」
In the twelfth month Xiao Jingwen, garrison commander of Zhenwei, killed Yang Qian, stormed Fucheng, declared himself Yizhou governor, overran Brazil, and opened contact with Hanzhong.””