1
【晋紀二十】起著雍涒灘，盡上章淹茂，凡三年。
[Jin Annals 20] From Zhuoyong Zuitan through Shangzhang Yanmao—three years in all.
2
夏，四月，林邑寇九真，殺士民什八九。
In summer, in the fourth month, Linyi invaded Jiuzhen and slaughtered perhaps ninety percent of the population.
3
趙秦公韜有寵于趙王虎，欲立之，以太子宣長，猶豫未决。 宣嘗忤旨，虎怒曰：「悔不立韜也！」 韜由是益驕，造堂于太尉府，號曰宣光殿，梁長九丈。 宣見而大怒，斬匠，截梁而去； 韜怒，增之至十丈。 宣聞之，謂所幸楊柸、牟成、趙生曰：「凶竪傲愎乃敢爾！ 汝能殺之，吾入西宮，當盡以韜之國邑分封汝等。 韜死，主上必臨喪，吾因行大事，蔑不濟矣。」 柸等許諾。
Prince Tao of Qin had won the favor of Zhao King Shi Hu, who wanted to make him heir, but because the crown prince Xuan was older, Hu wavered and could not make up his mind. Xuan had once defied him, and Hu flew into a rage, crying, "I regret not making Tao my heir!" From then on Tao grew ever more arrogant. He built a hall in the Grand Commandant's residence, named it the Hall of Proclaiming Brilliance, and made its beams nine zhang in length. When Xuan saw it he was furious. He had the craftsmen executed and the beams cut down and hauled away; Tao, furious in turn, had them lengthened to ten zhang. When Xuan heard of this he said to his favorites Yang Pei, Mou Cheng, and Zhao Sheng, "That vicious brute is so arrogant and headstrong that he dares go this far! If you kill him, once I take the Western Palace I will divide Tao's entire domain among you as your fiefs. When Tao is dead the emperor will certainly come to the funeral in person. I will seize that moment to strike—and nothing can stop me." Pei and the others agreed.
4
秋，八月，韜夜與僚屬宴于東明觀，因宿于佛精舍。 宣使楊柸等緣獼猴梯而入，殺韜，置其刀箭而去。 旦日，宣奏之，虎哀驚氣絕，久之方蘇。 將出臨其喪，司空李農諫曰：「害秦公者未知何人，賊在京師，鑾輿不宜輕出。」 虎乃止，嚴兵發哀于太武殿。 宣往臨韜喪，不哭，直言「呵呵」，使舉衾觀尸，大笑而去。 收大將軍記室參軍鄭靖、尹武等，將委之以罪。 虎疑宣殺韜，欲召之，恐其不入，乃詐言其母杜-{后}-哀過危惙； 宣不謂見疑，入朝中宮，因留之。 建興人史科知其謀，告之； 虎使收楊柸、牟成，皆亡去； 獲趙生，詰之，具服。 虎悲怒彌甚，囚宣于席庫，以鐵環穿其頷而鏁之，取殺韜刀箭，舐其血，哀號震動宮殿。 佛圖澄曰：「宣、起皆陛下之子，今爲韜殺宣，是重禍也。 陛下若加慈恕，福祚猶長。 若必誅之，宣當爲彗星下掃鄴宮。」 虎不從。 積柴于鄴北，樹標其上，標末置鹿盧，穿之以繩，倚梯柴積。 送宣其下，使韜所幸宦者郝稚、劉霸拔其髪，抽其舌，牽之登梯。 郝稚以繩貫其頷，鹿盧絞上。 劉霸斷其手足，斫眼潰腸，如韜之傷。 四面縱火，烟炎際天，虎從昭儀已下數千人登中臺以觀之。 火滅，取灰分置諸門交道中。 殺其妻子九人。 宣小子才數歲，虎素愛之，抱之而泣，欲赦之，其大臣不聽，就抱中取而殺之。 兒挽虎衣大叫，至于絕帶，虎因此發病。 又廢其-{后}-杜氏爲庶人，誅其四率已下三百人，宦者五十人，皆車裂節解，弃之漳水。 洿其東宮以養猪牛。 東官衛士十餘萬人皆謫戍凉州。 先是，散騎常侍趙攬言于虎曰：「宮中將有變，宜備之。」 及宣殺韜，虎疑其知而不告，亦誅之。
In autumn, in the eighth month, Tao gave a night banquet for his staff at the Eastern Brightness Observatory and stayed overnight in a Buddhist cloister. Xuan sent Yang Pei and the others to scale the wall on a rope ladder, kill Tao, and leave his swords and arrows at the scene. At dawn Xuan reported the murder. Hu was stricken with grief and shock until he lost consciousness, and only after a long while did he come to. As he was about to attend the funeral in person, Minister of Works Li Nong urged him: "We still do not know who killed the Prince of Qin. The killer is in the capital—the imperial carriage must not venture out lightly." Hu desisted, deployed troops, and conducted the mourning rites at the Hall of Grand Martiality. Xuan went to Tao's funeral, shed no tears, and only muttered "Heh, heh." He had the shroud raised to look at the corpse, laughed aloud, and walked away. He seized the Grand General's secretariat aides Zheng Jing and Yin Wu, among others, intending to blame them for the murder. Hu suspected Xuan of the murder and wanted to summon him but feared he would refuse. He therefore spread a false report that Xuan's mother, Empress Du, was critically ill with grief; Xuan, unaware that he was suspected, entered the inner palace—and was held there. Shi Ke of Jianxing learned of the plot and informed the court; Hu sent men to arrest Yang Pei and Mou Cheng, but both escaped; Zhao Sheng was seized, questioned, and confessed everything. Hu's grief and fury only deepened. He imprisoned Xuan in a storeroom, ran an iron ring through his jaw and locked it, took the sword and arrows that had killed Tao, licked the blood from them, and wailed until the palace halls rang. Fotudeng said, "Xuan and Qi were both your sons. To kill Xuan now for Tao's sake is to pile misfortune upon misfortune. If you show mercy, your fortune may yet endure. If you must put him to death, Xuan will become a comet that sweeps Ye clean." Hu refused to heed him. He heaped firewood north of Ye, erected a pole on the pile, fitted a pulley at its top, ran a rope through it, and set a ladder against the stack. Xuan was brought to the pyre. The eunuchs Hao Zhi and Liu Ba, whom Tao had favored, were ordered to tear out his hair, pull out his tongue, and haul him up the ladder. Hao Zhi threaded the rope through Xuan's jaw and hauled him up on the pulley. Liu Ba cut off his hands and feet, gouged out his eyes, and ripped open his belly—mirroring Tao's injuries. Fire was lit on every side until smoke and flame filled the sky. Hu, accompanied by several thousand women of the harem and below, climbed the central terrace to watch. When the fire burned out, the ashes were collected and strewn at the crossroads before every gate. Nine of his wives and children were executed. Xuan's little boy was only a few years old. Hu had always doted on him, held him in his arms weeping, and wanted to spare him, but his ministers would not permit it and snatched the child from his embrace to kill him. The boy clutched Hu's robe and shrieked until the sash tore free—and Hu fell ill from the shock. He deposed Empress Du to commoner status, executed three hundred men from the rank of colonel downward, and fifty eunuchs—all torn apart by chariot and limb, then thrown into the Zhang River. The Eastern Palace was defiled and turned into a pig and cattle pen. More than a hundred thousand guards of the Eastern Palace were banished to frontier service in Liangzhou. Earlier, Regular Attendant Zhao Lan had warned Hu, "There will soon be trouble in the palace—you should be on guard." When Xuan killed Tao, Hu suspected Zhao had known but kept silent—and had him executed too.
5
朝廷論平蜀之功，欲以豫章郡封桓溫。 尚書左丞荀蕤曰：「溫若復平河、洛，將何以賞之？」 乃加溫征西大將軍、開府儀同三司，封臨賀郡公； 加譙王無忌前將軍； 袁喬龍驤將軍，封湘西伯。 蕤，崧之子也。
The court debated how to reward Huan Wen for conquering Shu and proposed enfeoffing him with Yuzhang commandery. Left Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing Xun Rui said, "If Wen goes on to recover the Yellow River basin and Luoyang, what reward will be left for him?" Instead Wen was made Grand General Who Conquers the West, granted the privilege of an office equal to the Three Dukes, and enfeoffed as Duke of Linhe; Prince Wuji of Qiao was made General of the Vanguard; Yuan Qiao was made General of the Flying Dragon and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiangxi. Rui was the son of Xun Song.
6
溫既滅蜀，威名大振，朝廷憚之。 會稽王昱以揚州刺史殷浩有盛名，朝野推服，乃引爲心膂，與參綜朝權，欲以抗溫，由是與溫寢相疑貳。
After Wen destroyed Shu his fame and power soared, and the court grew wary of him. Prince Yu of Kuaiji, seeing that Yin Hao, governor of Yangzhou, enjoyed great renown and the trust of court and country, brought him in as a close adviser and shared power with him to counter Huan Wen—and from that day Wen and the prince grew steadily more suspicious of each other.
7
浩以征北長史荀羨、前江州刺史王羲之夙有令名，擢羨爲吳國內史，羲之爲護軍將軍，以爲羽翼。 羨，蕤之弟； 羲之，導之從子也。 羲之以爲內外協和，然後國家可安，勸浩及羨不宜與溫構隙，浩不從。
Hao promoted Xun Xian, chief clerk of the north campaign, to administrator of Wu, and Wang Xizhi, former governor of Jiangzhou, to General Who Protects the Army—both men of long-standing reputation whom he meant as his wings. Xian was the younger brother of Rui; Xizhi was a nephew of Wang Dao. Xizhi believed the state could be secure only when court and commanders worked in harmony, and urged Hao and Xian not to feud with Wen—but Hao refused.
8
燕王皝有疾，召世子俊屬之曰：「今中原未平，方資賢杰以經世務。 恪智勇兼濟，才堪任重，汝其委之，以成吾志！」 又曰：「陽士秋士行高潔，忠幹貞固，可托大事，汝善待之！」 九月，丙申，薨。
Prince Huang of Yan fell ill and summoned his heir Jun. "The Central Plains are not yet recovered," he said. "We must rely on able men to govern the realm. Ke has both wisdom and courage, and talent enough for the heaviest burdens. Entrust him with power and fulfill my design!" He added, "Yang Shiqiu is upright, loyal, and steadfast—great affairs may be entrusted to him. Treat him well!" In the ninth month, on the day bingshen, he died.
9
趙王虎議立太子，太尉張舉曰：「燕公斌有武略，彭城公遵有文德，惟陛下所擇。」 虎曰：「卿言正起吾意。」 戎昭將軍張豺曰：「燕公母賤，又嘗有過； 彭城公母前以太子事廢，今立之，臣恐不能無微恨。 陛下宜審思之。」 初，虎之拔上邽也，張豺獲前趙主曜幼女安定公主，有殊色，納于虎，虎嬖之，生齊公世。 豺以虎老病，欲立世爲嗣，冀劉氏爲太后，己得輔政，乃說虎曰：「陛下再立太子，其母皆出于倡賤，故禍亂相尋； 今宜擇母貴子孝者立之。」 虎曰：「卿勿言，吾知太子處矣。」 虎再與群臣議于東堂。 虎曰：「吾欲以純灰三斛自滌其腸，何爲專生惡子，年逾二十輒欲殺父！ 今世方十歲，比其二十，吾已老矣。」 乃與張舉、李農定議，令公卿上書請立世爲太子。 大司農曹莫不肯署名，虎使張豺問其故，莫頓首曰：「天下重器，不宜立少，故不敢署。」 虎曰：「莫，忠臣也，然未達朕意； 張舉、李農知朕意矣，可令諭之。」 遂立世爲太子，以劉昭儀爲-{后}-。
Zhao King Hu debated whom to name heir. Grand Commandant Zhang Ju said, "Prince Bin of Yan has military talent; Prince Zun of Pengcheng has civil virtue—the choice is yours, Majesty." Hu said, "That is exactly what I had in mind." General Zhang Chai said, "Prince Bin's mother was of humble birth, and he himself once offended you; and Prince Zun's mother was deposed over the matter of the crown prince. If you name him heir now, I fear he may harbor some lingering resentment. Your Majesty should weigh this carefully." Earlier, when Hu took Shanggui, Zhang Chai captured the former Zhao ruler Liu Yao's young daughter, Princess Anding, a woman of rare beauty. He presented her to Hu, who doted on her, and she bore Prince Shi of Qi. Chai, seeing Hu old and ill, wanted Shi named heir so that with the Liu clan as empress dowager he could rule behind the throne. He urged Hu: "Each time you have named an heir, the mother has been a singer or a woman of low birth—and each time disaster has followed; you should choose a son whose mother is noble and who is himself filial." Hu said, "Say no more. I know whom to name." Hu again debated the matter with his ministers in the Eastern Hall. Hu said, "I ought to scour my bowels with three hu of pure ash—why do I keep siring sons who, once they pass twenty, try to kill their father! This boy is only ten. By the time he is twenty, I will be an old man." He settled the matter with Zhang Ju and Li Nong and ordered the high ministers to memorialize asking that Shi be named crown prince. Minister of Grand Granaries Cao Mo refused to sign. Hu sent Zhang Chai to ask why. Mo kowtowed and said, "The throne is the greatest trust of the realm—it should not go to a child. That is why I dare not sign." Hu said, "Mo is loyal, but he does not understand my mind; Zhang Ju and Li Nong understand—have them explain it to him." Shi was named crown prince, and Lady Liu of the Bright Hall was made empress.
10
冬，十一月，甲辰，葬燕文明王。 世子俊即位，赦境內，遣使詣建康告喪。 以弟交爲左賢王，左長史陽騖郎中令。 十二月，以左光祿大夫、領司徒、錄尚書事蔡謨爲侍中、司徒。 謨上疏固讓，謂所親曰：「我若爲司徒，將爲後代所曬，義不敢拜也。」
In winter, in the eleventh month, on the day jiachen, the Cultured King of Yan was buried. Heir Jun succeeded to the throne, proclaimed an amnesty within the realm, and sent envoys to Jiankang to announce the death. His younger brother Jiao was made Left Worthy King, and the Left Chief Clerk Yang Xu was made Palace Attendant. In the twelfth month, Cai Mo, Left Grandee of Splendid Happiness, who also served as Minister over the Masses and Recorder of the Masters of Writing, was made Palace Attendant and Minister over the Masses. Mo memorialized firmly to decline, telling those close to him, "If I accept the post of Minister over the Masses, posterity will laugh at me—and by honor I dare not accept."
11
春，正月，辛未朔，大赦。
In spring, on the new moon of the first month, the day xinwei, a general amnesty was proclaimed.
12
趙王虎即皇帝位，大赦，改元太寧，諸子皆進爵爲王。 故東宮高力等萬餘人謫戍凉州，行達雍城，既不在赦例，又敕雍州剌史張茂送之，茂皆奪其馬，使之步推鹿車，致糧戍所。 高力督定陽梁犢因衆心之怨，謀作亂東歸，衆聞之，皆踴抃大呼。 犢乃自稱晋征東大將軍，帥衆攻拔下辨； 安西將軍劉寧自安定擊之，爲犢所敗。 高力皆多力善射，一當十餘人，雖無兵甲，掠民斧，施一丈柯，攻戰若神，所向崩潰； 戍卒皆隨之，攻陷郡縣，殺長吏、二千石，長驅而東，比至長安，衆已十萬。 樂平王苞盡銳拒之，一戰而敗。 犢遂東出潼關，進趣洛陽。 趙主虎以李農爲大都督、行大將軍事，統衛軍將軍張賀度等步騎十萬討之，戰于新安，農等大敗； 戰于洛陽，又敗，退壁成皋。
Zhao King Shi Hu took the imperial throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, changed the era name to Taining, and promoted all his sons to kings. More than ten thousand former Eastern Palace guards—the "strong men"—were banished to Liangzhou. At Yongcheng they learned they were excluded from the amnesty, and the emperor ordered Governor Zhang Mao of Yongzhou to see them on. Mao seized their horses and forced them to march on foot, pushing grain carts to the frontier posts. Their overseer Liang Du of Dingyang, sensing the men's fury, plotted to rebel and march east. When the troops heard of it, they leaped and shouted with joy. Du styled himself Jin Grand General Who Conquers the East and led his men to capture Xiabian; General Who Pacifies the West Liu Ning marched from Anding to attack him and was defeated. The strong men were powerful archers, each worth more than ten ordinary soldiers. Though they had no armor or proper weapons, they seized farmers' axes, fitted ten-foot handles, and fought like demons—wherever they struck, defenses crumbled; garrison troops joined them everywhere. They overran commanderies and counties, killed local officials, and swept east. By the time they reached Chang'an their force numbered a hundred thousand. Prince Bao of Leping met them with his best troops and was routed in a single battle. Du marched east through Tong Pass and pressed toward Luoyang. Zhao ruler Hu appointed Li Nong Grand Commander and acting Grand General, with a hundred thousand infantry and cavalry under Palace Guard General Zhang Hedu to crush the rebels. They met at Xin'an and Li Nong was routed; they fought again at Luoyang, were beaten again, and fell back to fortify Chenggao.
13
犢遂東掠滎陽、陳留諸郡，虎大懼，以燕王斌爲大都督，督中外諸軍事，統冠軍大將軍姚弋仲、車騎將軍蒲洪等討之。 弋仲將其衆八千餘人至鄴，求見虎。 虎病，未之見，引入領軍省，賜以己所御食。 弋仲怒，不食，曰：「主上召我來擊賊，當面見授方略，我豈爲食來邪！ 且主上不見我，我何以知其存亡邪？」 虎力疾見之，弋仲讓虎曰：「兒死，愁邪？ 何爲而病？ 兒幼時不擇善人教之，使至于爲逆； 既爲逆而誅之，又何愁焉！ 且汝久病，所立兒幼，汝若不愈，天下必亂。 當先憂此，勿憂賊也！ 犢等窮困思歸，相聚爲盜，所過殘暴，何所能至！ 老羌爲汝一舉了之！」 弋仲情狷直，人無貴賤皆「汝」之，虎亦不之責，于坐授使持節、侍中、征西大將軍賜以鎧馬。 弋仲曰：「汝看老羌堪破賊否？」 乃被鎧跨馬于庭中，因策馬南馳，不辭而出。 遂與斌等擊犢于滎陽，大破之，斬犢首而還，討其餘黨，盡滅之。 虎命弋仲劍履上殿，入朝不趨，進封西平郡公； 蒲洪爲侍中、車騎大將軍、開府儀同三司、都督雍、秦州諸軍事、雍州剌史，進封略陽郡公。
Du swept east through Xingyang, Chenliu, and neighboring commanderies. Hu was terrified and named Prince Bin of Yan Grand Commander, superintendent of all armies at court and in the field, with Champion General Yao Yizhong, General of Chariots and Cavalry Pu Hong, and others to destroy him. Yizhong led more than eight thousand men to Ye and asked to see Hu. Hu was ill and would not receive him. Yizhong was led into the Directorate of the Guards and offered food from the emperor's own table. Yizhong was furious and refused to eat. "The emperor summoned me to fight rebels," he said. "He should meet me in person and give me my orders—did I come for a meal? And if he will not see me, how am I to know whether he is alive or dead?" Hu dragged himself from his sickbed to see him. Yizhong rebuked him: "Your son is dead—are you grieving? Then why lie sick in bed? When he was a child you failed to choose worthy teachers, and so he grew into rebellion; Once he rebelled and you executed him, what is there left to grieve? You have been ill for years, and the heir you have named is still a child. If you do not recover, the empire will surely collapse into chaos. Worry about that first—not about bandits! Du and his men are cornered and longing to go home. They band together as brigands and ravage whatever lies in their path—how far can they possibly get? Let this old Qiang finish them for you in a single stroke!" Yizhong was blunt and unyielding; he addressed everyone, high or low, as "you," and Hu never took offense. Still in his presence Hu invested him with the staff of office as Palace Attendant and Grand General Who Conquers the West, and gave him armor and a horse. Yizhong asked, "Well—do you think this old Qiang can break the rebels?" He strapped on his armor, mounted in the courtyard, and galloped south without so much as a farewell. He joined Bin and the others, smashed Du at Xingyang, took his head, and returned; then he hunted down the survivors and wiped them out entirely. Hu granted Yizhong the privilege of wearing sword and shoes in the throne hall and entering court without quickening his step, and promoted him to Duke of Xiping; Pu Hong became Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, commissioner with credentials equal to the Three Excellencies, commander of all armies in Yong and Qin, Governor of Yong, and Duke of Lueyang.
14
始平人爲勖聚兵自稱將軍，趙樂平王苞討滅之，誅三千餘家。
In Shiping a man named Wei raised troops and proclaimed himself general. Prince Bao of Leping crushed the uprising and put more than three thousand households to the sword.
15
夏，四月，益州刺史周撫、龍驤將軍朱燾出范賁，斬之，益州平。
In summer, in the fourth month, Zhou Fu, inspector of Yizhou, and Zhu Tao, Dragon Cavalry General, advanced from Fan Ben, beheaded the rebel leader, and pacified the province.
16
詔遣謁者陳沈如燕，拜慕容俊爲使持節、侍中、大都督、督河北諸軍事、幽、平二州牧、大將軍、大單于、燕王。
The court sent Envoy Chen Shen to Yan to invest Murong Jun as Palace Attendant, Grand Commander, commander of all armies north of the Yellow River, Governor of You and Ping, Grand General, Grand Chanyu, and Prince of Yan.
17
桓溫遣督護滕畯帥交、廣之兵擊林邑王文于盧容，爲文所敗，退屯九真。
Huan Wen dispatched Teng Jun, Protector-in-chief, with troops from Jiao and Guang to attack Wang Wen of Linyi at Lu Rong. Wen routed them, and they fell back to Jiuzhen.
18
乙卯，趙王虎病甚，以彭城王遵爲大將軍，鎮關右； 燕王斌爲丞相，錄尚書事； 張豺爲鎮衛大將軍、領軍將軍、吏部尚書； 幷受遺詔輔政。
On yimao, Zhao King Shi Hu lay gravely ill. He named Prince Zun of Pengcheng Grand General to hold the western frontier; Prince Bin of Yan Chancellor and Director of the Masters of Writing; Zhang Chai General Who Guards the Guard, General of the Palace Army, and Minister of Personnel; all three to receive the deathbed edict and serve as regents.
19
劉-{后}-惡斌輔政，恐不利于太子，與張豺謀去之。 斌時在襄國，遣使詐謂斌曰：「主上疾已漸翕，王須獵者，可小停也。」 斌素好獵，嗜酒，遂留獵，且縱酒。 劉氏與豺因矯詔稱斌無忠教之心，免官歸第，使豺弟雄帥龍騰五百人守之。
Empress Liu resented Bin's role as regent, fearing it would harm the crown prince, and conspired with Zhang Chai to destroy him. Bin was then at Xiangguo. They sent a forged message: "His Majesty's condition has improved somewhat. Your Highness, devoted as you are to the chase, might pause your hunting for a time." Bin had always been devoted to hunting and wine. He stayed in the field and drank freely. Empress Liu and Chai forged an edict charging Bin with disloyalty, stripped him of office, and confined him to his mansion under guard of five hundred Dragon Soarers led by Chai's brother Xiong.
20
乙丑，遵自幽州至鄴。 敕朝堂受拜，配禁兵三萬遣之，遵涕泣而去。 是日，虎疾小瘳，問：「遵至末？」 左右對曰：「去已久矣。」 虎曰：「恨不見之！」
On yichou, Zun arrived at Ye from Youzhou. He was ordered to receive homage in the audience hall and given thirty thousand palace guards as escort; Zun left in tears. That same day Hu's condition improved slightly. He asked, "Has Zun arrived yet?" His attendants replied, "He left long ago." Hu said, "I regret not having seen him!"
21
虎臨西閣，龍騰中郎二百餘人列拜于前。 虎問：「何求？」 皆曰：「聖體不安，宜令燕王入宿衛，典兵馬。」 或言：「乞爲皇太子。」 虎曰：「燕王不在內邪？ 召以來！」 左右言：「王酒病，不能入。」 虎曰：「促持輦迎之，當付璽授。」 亦竟無行者。 尋惛眩而入。 張豺使張雄矯詔殺斌。
Hu came to the Western Pavilion, where more than two hundred Dragon Soarer company commanders lined up to bow before him. Hu asked, "What do you want?" All said, "Your Majesty is unwell. The Prince of Yan should be brought in to guard the palace and take command of the armies." Others said, "We beg that he be made crown prince." Hu said, "Is the Prince of Yan not here? Summon him at once!" His attendants said, "The prince is ill from wine and cannot come in." Hu said, "Hurry—send a carriage for him. I will hand over the seal and regalia." Yet in the end no one went. Before long he grew dazed and withdrew inside. Zhang Chai had Zhang Xiong forge an edict and execute Bin.
22
戊辰，劉氏復矯詔以豺爲太保、都督中外諸軍，錄尚書事，如霍光故事。 侍中徐統嘆曰：「亂將作矣，吾無爲預之。」 仰藥而死。
On wuchen, Empress Liu forged another edict appointing Chai Grand Preceptor, commander of all armies at court and in the field, and Director of the Masters of Writing—on the model of Huo Guang. Palace Attendant Xu Tong sighed and said, "Disorder is about to break out. I will have no part in it." He took poison and died.
23
己巳，虎卒，太子世即位，尊劉氏爲皇太后。 劉氏臨朝稱制，以張豺爲丞相； 豺辭不受，請以彭城王遵、義陽王鑒爲左右丞相，以慰其心，劉氏從之。
On jisi, Shi Hu died. Crown Prince Shi took the throne and honored Empress Liu as Empress Dowager. Empress Liu held court and ruled in her own name, appointing Zhang Chai Chancellor; Chai declined, asking instead that Prince Zun of Pengcheng and Prince Jian of Yiyang be named left and right chancellors to reassure them; Empress Liu agreed.
24
豺與太尉張舉謀誅司空李農，舉素與農善，密告之； 農奔廣宗，帥乞活數萬家保上白劉氏使張舉統宿衛諸軍圍之。 豺以張離爲鎮軍大將軍，監中外諸軍事，以爲己副。
Chai and Grand Commandant Zhang Ju plotted to kill Li Nong, Minister of Works. Ju had always been friendly with Nong and warned him in secret; Nong fled to Guangzong and led tens of thousands of refugee families to hold Shangbai; Empress Liu had Zhang Ju command the palace guards to besiege him. Chai appointed Zhang Li Grand General Who Guards the Army and overseer of all armies at court and in the field, to serve as his deputy.
25
彭城王遵至河內，聞喪； 姚弋仲、蒲洪、劉寧及征虜將軍石閔、武衛將軍王鸞等討梁犢還，遇遵于李城，共說遵曰：「殿下長且賢，先帝亦有意以殿下爲嗣； 正以末年惛惑，爲張豺所誤。 今女主臨朝，奸臣用事，上白相持未下，京師宿衛空虛，殿下若聲張豺之罪，鼓行而討之，其誰不開門倒戈而迎殿下者！」 遵從之。
Prince Zun of Pengcheng reached Henei and heard of the death; Yao Yizhong, Pu Hong, Liu Ning, Campaign General Shi Min, Martial Guard General Wang Luan, and others, returning from the campaign against Liang Du, met Zun at Licheng. Together they urged him: "Your Highness is elder and worthy; the late emperor also meant you for the succession; it was only in his final years, confused and deluded, that Zhang Chai misled him. Now the empress rules from behind the curtain and wicked ministers hold sway. Shangbai still holds out, and the capital's palace guards stand empty. Proclaim Chai's crimes and march to punish him—who will not throw open the gates and turn his blade to welcome you!" Zun agreed.
26
五月，遵自李城舉兵，還趣鄴，洛州刺史劉國帥洛陽之衆往會之。 檄至鄴，張豺大懼，馳召上白之軍。 丙戌，遵軍于蕩陰，戎卒九萬，石閔爲前鋒。 豺將出拒之，耆舊、羯士皆曰：「彭城王來奔喪，吾當出迎之，不能爲張豺守城也！」 逾城而出； 豺斬之，不能止。 張離亦帥騰二千，斬關迎遵。 劉氏懼，召張豺入，對之悲哭曰：「先帝梓宮未殯，而禍難至此！ 今嗣子沖幼，托之將軍，將軍將若之何？ 欲加遵重位，能弭之乎？」 豺惶怖不知所出，但云「唯唯」。 乃下詔，以遵爲丞相，領大司馬、大都督、督中外諸軍，錄尚書事，加黃鉞、九錫。 己丑，遵至安陽亭，張豺懼而出迎，遵命執之。 庚寅，遵擐甲曜兵，入自鳳陽門，升太武前殿，擗踴盡哀，退如東閣。 斬張豺于平樂市，夷其三族。 假劉氏令曰：「嗣子幼沖，先帝私恩所授，皇業至重，非所克堪，其以遵嗣位。」 于是遵即位，大赦，罷上白之圍。 辛卯，封世爲譙王，廢劉氏爲太妃，尋皆殺之。 李農來歸罪，使復其位。 尊母鄭氏爲皇太后，立妃張氏爲皇后，故燕王斌子衍爲皇太子。 以義陽王鑒爲侍中、太傅，沛王沖爲太保，樂平王苞爲大司馬，汝陰王琨爲大將軍，武興公閔爲都督中外諸軍事、輔國大將軍。
In the fifth month Zun raised his banner at Licheng and marched on Ye. Liu Guo, inspector of Luozhou, led the forces of Luoyang to join him. When Zun's proclamation reached Ye, Zhang Chai was terrified and urgently recalled the armies at Shangbai. On bingxu Zun encamped at Dangyin with ninety thousand troops; Shi Min led the vanguard. Chai was about to march out to meet him when the elders and Jie warriors all said, "Prince Zun of Pengcheng comes to mourn the dead—we must go out and welcome him. We will not hold the city for Zhang Chai!" They climbed over the walls and went out; Chai had them executed but could not stop the exodus. Zhang Li also led two thousand Dragon Soarers, broke the gates, and welcomed Zun in. Empress Liu was terrified. She summoned Zhang Chai and wept before him: "The late emperor's coffin is not yet interred, and calamity has come to this! The heir is young and frail. I entrust him to you, General—what will you do? If we grant Zun a high office, can that appease him?" Chai was terrified and knew not what to do; he could only murmur "yes, yes." An edict was issued naming Zun Chancellor, Grand Marshal, Grand Commander, commander of all armies at court and in the field, Director of the Masters of Writing, with the yellow axe and the Nine Bestowals. On jichou Zun reached Anyang Pavilion. Zhang Chai, terrified, went out to welcome him; Zun ordered him seized. On gengyin Zun donned armor, paraded his troops, entered through Fengyang Gate, ascended the Hall of Martial Sovereignty, beat his breast and wept in full mourning, then withdrew to the Eastern Pavilion. Zhang Chai was executed in the Pingle market and his entire clan exterminated to the third degree. A forged order in Empress Liu's name read: "The heir is young and frail, installed by the late emperor's private favor. The imperial enterprise is too weighty for him—let Zun succeed to the throne." Thereupon Zun took the throne, proclaimed a general amnesty, and lifted the siege of Shangbai. On xinmao Shi was enfeoffed as Prince of Qiao; Empress Liu was demoted to Grand Consort, and soon both were killed. Li Nong came to submit and was restored to office. Zun honored his mother Lady Zheng as Empress Dowager, installed his consort Lady Zhang as empress, and made the late Prince Bin of Yan's son Yan crown prince. Prince Jian of Yiyang became Palace Attendant and Grand Tutor; Prince Chong of Pei Grand Preceptor; Prince Bao of Leping Grand Marshal; Prince Kun of Runan Grand General; and Duke of Military Glory Min commander of all armies at court and in the field and General Who Supports the State.
27
甲午，鄴中暴風拔樹，震雷，雨雹大如盂升。 太武輝華殿灾，及諸門觀閣蕩然無餘，乘輿服御，燒者太半，金石皆盡，火月餘乃滅。
On jiawu a violent wind uprooted trees in Ye; thunder rolled, and hailstones as large as basins fell. The Hall of Martial Brilliance burned, and every gate tower and viewing pavilion was reduced to ashes; more than half the imperial carriages, regalia, and court dress were lost, metal and stone ornaments melted away, and the fire burned for more than a month before it died.
28
時沛王沖鎮薊，聞遵殺世自立，謂其僚佐曰：「世受先帝之命，遵輒廢而殺之，罪莫大焉！ 其敕內外戒嚴，孤將親討之。」 于是留寧北將軍沐堅戍幽州，帥衆五萬自薊南下，傳檄燕、趙，所在雲集； 比至常山，衆十餘萬，軍于苑鄉； 遇遵赦書，沖曰：「皆吾弟也； 死者不可復追，何爲復相殘乎！ 吾將歸矣！」 其將陳暹曰：「彭城篡弑自尊，爲罪大矣！ 王雖北旆，臣將南轅。 俟平京師，擒彭城，然後奉迎大駕。」 沖乃復進。 遵馳遣王擢以書喻沖，沖弗聽。 遵使武興公閔及李農等帥精卒十萬討之，戰于平棘，沖兵大敗。 獲沖于元氏，賜死，坑其士卒三萬餘人。
Prince Chong of Pei was then garrisoning Ji. Hearing that Zun had killed Shi and seized the throne, he told his staff: "Shi held the late emperor's mandate. Zun rashly deposed and murdered him—no crime could be greater! Issue orders for strict guard throughout the realm. I shall campaign against him in person." He left Northern Pacification General Mu Jian to hold Youzhou and led fifty thousand men south from Ji, dispatching proclamations through Yan and Zhao; men rallied to him everywhere; by the time he reached Changshan his host exceeded a hundred thousand; he encamped at Yuanxiang; When he received Zun's amnesty edict, Chong said, "They are all my brothers; the dead cannot be brought back—why must we slaughter one another again? I am going home!" His general Chen Xian said, "Prince Zun of Pengcheng usurped the throne and murdered the sovereign—a crime of the first magnitude! Though Your Highness turns north, your servant will march south. Wait until we pacify the capital, capture Prince Zun of Pengcheng, and then escort the imperial carriage in welcome." Chong thereupon advanced again. Zun hastily sent Wang Zhuo with a letter to persuade Chong, but Chong would not listen. Zun sent Duke of Military Glory Min and Li Nong with a hundred thousand picked troops against him. They fought at Pingji and Chong's army was utterly routed. Chong was captured at Yuanshi, granted death by suicide, and more than thirty thousand of his soldiers were buried alive in a pit.
29
武興公閔言于遵曰：「蒲洪，人杰也； 今以洪鎮關中，臣恐秦、雍之地非復國家之有。 此雖先帝臨終之命，然陛下踐祚，自宜改圖。」 遵從之，罷洪都督，餘如前制。 洪怒，歸枋頭，遣使來降。
Duke of Military Glory Min said to Zun, "Pu Hong is a man among men; now that he holds the western passes, I fear Qin and Yong will slip from the state's grasp. Though that was the late emperor's deathbed command, now that Your Majesty reigns you ought to change course." Zun agreed, stripped Hong of his command over the western provinces, and left his other titles unchanged. Hong was enraged. He withdrew to Fangtou and sent envoys to offer his surrender.
30
燕平狄將軍慕容霸上書于燕王俊曰：「石虎窮凶極暴，天之所弃，餘燼僅存，自相魚肉。 今中國倒懸，企望仁恤，若大軍一振，勢必投戈。」 北平太守孫興亦表言：「石氏大亂，宜以時進取中原。」 俊以新遭大喪，弗許。 霸馳詣龍城，言于俊曰：「難得而易失者，時也。 萬一石氏衰而復興，或有英雄據其成資，豈惟失此大利，亦恐更爲後患。」 俊曰：「鄴中雖亂，鄧恒據安樂，兵强糧足，今若伐趙，東道不可由也，當由盧龍； 盧龍山徑險狹，虜乘高斷要，首尾爲患，將若之何？」 霸曰：「恒雖欲爲石氏拒守，其將士顧家，人懷歸志，若大軍臨之，自然瓦解。 臣請爲殿下前驅，東出徒河，潜趣令支，出其不意，彼聞之，勢必震駭，上不過閉門自守，下不免弃城逃潰，何暇禦我哉！ 然則殿下可以安步而前，無復留難矣。」 俊猶豫未决，以問五材將軍封弈，對曰：「用兵之道，敵强則用智，敵弱則用勢。 是故以大吞小，猶狼之食豚也； 以治易亂，猶日之消雪也。 大王自上世以來，積德累仁，兵强士練。 石虎極其殘暴，死未瞑目，子孫爭國，上下乖亂。 中國之民，墜于塗炭，廷頸企踵以待振拔，大王若揚兵南邁，先取薊城，次指鄴都，宣耀威德，懷撫遺民，彼孰不扶老提幼以迎大王？ 凶黨將望旗冰碎，安能爲害乎！」 從事中郎黃泓曰：「今太白經天，歲集畢北，天下易主，陰國受命，此必然之驗也，宜速出師，以承天意。」 折沖將軍慕輿根曰：「中國之民困于石氏之亂，咸思易主以救湯火之急，此千載一時，不可失也。 自武宣王以來，招賢養民，務農訓兵，正俟今日。 今時至不取，更復顧慮，豈天意未欲使海內平定邪，將大王不欲取天下也？」 俊笑而從之。 以慕容恪爲輔國將軍，慕容評爲輔弼將軍，左長史陽鶩爲輔義將軍，謂之「三輔」。 慕容霸爲前鋒都督、建鋒將軍。 選精兵二十餘萬，講武戒嚴，爲進取之計。
Murong Ba, General Who Pacifies the Di, memorialized Murong Jun: "Shi Hu has exhausted every cruelty; Heaven has abandoned him. Only embers remain, and they tear one another apart like fish in a drying pool. The Central Land hangs in peril and longs for benevolent rule. If our great army stirs once, they will surely cast down their weapons." Administrator of Beiping Sun Xing also memorialized: "The Shi house is in chaos. The time has come to advance into the Central Land." Jun, still in mourning for a recent bereavement, refused. Ba galloped to Longcheng and said to Jun, "Opportunity is hard to seize and easy to lose. If the Shi house should rally from decline, or some hero seize the foundations they have already built, we would lose not only this great prize but invite a worse enemy for the future." Jun said, "Ye may be in chaos, but Deng Heng holds Anle with strong troops and full granaries. If we strike Zhao now, the eastern road is closed to us; we must take the Lulong route; the Lulong passes are narrow and treacherous. The enemy can hold the heights and choke the defiles, trapping us between front and rear. What then?" Ba said, "Heng may wish to hold the line for the Shi house, but his men long for home. If our main force appears, they will fall apart on their own. Let me lead the van: strike east from Tuhe, slip swiftly on Lingzhi, and catch them unaware. News of us will terrify them—at best they bar their gates; at worst they abandon their posts and flee. They will have no time to oppose us! Then Your Highness may advance at leisure, with no further obstacle in your path." Jun still hesitated. He consulted Feng Yi, General of the Five Talents, who answered, "In war, use cunning against a strong foe and momentum against a weak one. The great swallowing the small is like a wolf taking a piglet; order replacing chaos is like sunlight melting snow. Great King, your house has piled up virtue for generations. Your armies are strong and your soldiers seasoned. Shi Hu drove cruelty to its limit. Hardly had he closed his eyes before his kin tore the realm apart, and court and camp alike fell into chaos. The people of the Central Land lie in ashes. They crane their necks and rise on tiptoe, waiting to be lifted from ruin. March south, take Ji first and Ye next, proclaim your power and mercy, and comfort those who remain—who would not come forth, old and young together, to welcome you? The wicked will melt like ice at sight of your banners. What harm can they do!" Attendant Gentleman Huang Hong said, "Venus crosses the sky, and Jupiter gathers north of Bi—the realm will change hands, and the northern state is destined to rule. The omen is plain. March at once and answer Heaven's will." General Who Breaks the Foe Murong Gen said, "The Central Land groans under Shi chaos. Every man yearns for a new ruler to pull him from the fire. Such a moment comes once in a thousand years. Do not let it pass. Since Martial-Propagating King, you have gathered talent, nurtured the people, tilled the fields, and trained the army—all for this day. The hour is here, yet you hold back. Does Heaven not yet wish the realm united—or does Great King not wish to take the world?" Jun smiled and agreed. He made Murong Ke General Who Assists the State, Murong Ping General Who Assists the Throne, and Left Chief Clerk Yang Wu General Who Assists Righteousness—the "Three Assistants." Murong Ba became Vanguard Commander-in-Chief and General Who Establishes the Vanguard. He chose more than two hundred thousand picked troops, drilled them under strict guard, and laid plans for the advance.
31
六月，葬趙王虎于顯原陵，謚曰武帝，廟號太祖。
In the sixth month Zhao King Hu was buried at Xianyuan Mausoleum with the posthumous title Emperor Wu and temple name Taizu.
32
桓溫聞趙亂，出屯安陸，遣諸將經營北方。 趙揚州刺史王浹舉壽春降，西中郎將陳逵進據壽春。 征北大將軍褚裒上表請伐趙，即日戒嚴，直指泗口，朝議以裒事任貴重，不宜深入，宜先遣偏師。 裒奏言：「前已遣前鋒督護王頤之等徑造彭城，後遣督護麋嶷進據下邳。 今宜速發，以成聲勢。」 秋，七月，加裒征討大都督，督徐、兗、青、揚、豫五州諸軍事，裒帥衆三萬，徑赴彭城，北方士民降附者日以千計。
When Huan Wen heard of chaos in Zhao, he encamped at Anlu and sent his generals to seize openings in the north. Zhao's Inspector of Yangzhou Wang Yi surrendered Shouchun. Western Gentleman-of-the-Guard Chen Kui marched in and took the city. Northern Expeditionary Grand General Chu Pou memorialized to attack Zhao. That same day the army went on alert and marched for Sikou. The court argued that Pou's rank was too weighty for a deep thrust and that a vanguard should go first. Pou replied, "I have already sent Vanguard Commander Wang Yizhi straight to Pengcheng and Commander Mi Yi to seize Xiapi. The main body should move now to give those gains weight." In autumn, the seventh month, Pou was made Grand Commander for Campaign and Punishment over Xu, Yan, Qing, Yang, and Yu. He led thirty thousand men to Pengcheng, and northerners who came over to Jin numbered thousands a day.
33
朝野皆以爲中原指期可復，光祿大夫蔡謨獨謂所親曰：「胡滅誠爲大慶，然恐更貽朝廷之憂。」 其人曰：「何謂也？」 謨曰：』夫能順天乘時，濟群生于艱難者，非上聖與英雄不能爲也，自餘則莫若度德量力。 觀今日之事，殆非時賢所及，必將經營分表，疲民以逞； 既而材略疏短，不能副心，財殫力竭，智勇俱困，安得不憂及朝廷乎！
Court and country alike believed the Central Plain would soon be recovered. Only Grandee of Splendid Happiness Cai Mo told his intimates, "The fall of the barbarians is a true blessing, yet I fear it will bring the court a new grief." His companion asked, "What do you mean?" Mo said, "Only a supreme sage or a true hero can follow Heaven's season and rescue the people from calamity. For anyone else, the wiser course is to measure one's virtue against the task and one's strength against the foe. Look at what passes for talent today. None of it measures up. They will carve out private domains and grind the people down to feed their ambitions; then their shallow gifts will fail their grand designs. Funds will run dry, strength will fail, wit and courage alike will be spent—how could the court escape the cost!"
34
魯郡民五百餘家相與起兵附晋，求援于褚裒，裒遣部將王龕、李邁將銳卒三千迎之。 趙南討大都督李農帥騎二萬與龕等戰于代陂，龕等大敗，皆沒于趙。 八月，裒退屯廣陵。 陳逵聞之，焚壽春積聚，毀城遁還。 裒上疏乞自貶，詔不許，命裒還鎮京口，解征討都督。 時河北大亂，遺民二十餘萬口渡河欲來歸附，會裒已還，威勢不接，皆不能自拔，死亡略盡。
More than five hundred households in Lu commandery rose together for Jin and begged Chu Pou for aid. Pou sent Wang Kan and Li Mai with three thousand picked troops to meet them. Zhao's Grand Commander for Southern Punishment Li Nong met them at Daipo with twenty thousand cavalry. Kan's force was shattered; every man was lost to Zhao. In the eighth month Pou withdrew to Guangling. When Chen Kui heard, he burned Shouchun's stores, dismantled the defenses, and fled south. Pou asked to be demoted. The throne refused but ordered him back to Jingkou and stripped him of his campaign command. The north of the Yellow River was in chaos. More than two hundred thousand refugees tried to cross the river to Jin, but Pou had already withdrawn and Jin's power no longer reached them. None could escape; nearly all perished.
35
趙樂平王苞謀帥關右之衆攻鄴，左長史石光、司馬曹曜等固諫，苞怒，殺光等百餘人。 苞性貪而無謀，雍州豪杰知其無成，幷遣使告晋，梁州刺史司馬勛帥衆赴之。
Zhao's Prince of Le Ping Bao planned to march the armies of the western passes on Ye. Left Chief Clerk Shi Guang and Marshal Cao Yao urged him to desist. Bao flew into a rage and killed Guang and more than a hundred besides. Bao was greedy and witless. The magnates of Yongzhou saw he would fail and sent envoys together to Jin. Inspector of Liangzhou Sima Xun marched to their aid.
36
楊初襲趙西城，破之。 九月，凉州官屬共上張重華爲丞相、凉王、雍、秦、凉三州牧。 重華屢以錢帛賜左右寵臣； 又喜博弈，頗廢政事。 從事索振諫曰：「先王夙夜勤儉以實府庫，正以仇耻未雪，志平海內故也。 殿下嗣位之初，强寇侵逼，賴重餌之故，得戰士死力，僅保社稷。 今蓄積已虛而寇仇尚在，豈可輕有耗散，以與無功之人乎！ 昔漢光、武躬親萬機，章奏詣闕，報不終日，故能隆中興之業。 今章奏停滯，動經時月，下情不得上通，沉冤困于囹圄，殆非明主之事也。」 重華謝之。
Yang Chu raided Zhao's western city and took it. In the ninth month the officials of Liangzhou together made Zhang Chonghua Chancellor, King of Liang, and Governor of Yong, Qin, and Liang. Chonghua showered coin and silk on the favorites at his side; he took to gambling and neglected government affairs. Attendant Suo Zhen remonstrated: "The former king labored day and night in thrift to fill the treasuries—because our shame was not yet avenged and his aim was to pacify the realm. When Your Highness first took the throne, powerful enemies pressed in. Only heavy rewards bought the soldiers' utmost loyalty and barely preserved the realm. The coffers are empty and the enemy still stands. How can you squander treasure on men who have earned nothing! Emperor Guangwu of Han handled every affair in person; memorials that reached court were answered the same day. That is how he restored the Han. Now memorials lie idle for months. Grievances below never reach you; the wrongfully imprisoned rot in their cells. This is scarcely how an enlightened ruler governs." Chonghua apologized.
37
司馬勛出駱谷，破趙長城戍，壁于懸鈎，去長安二百里，使治中劉煥攻長安，斬京兆太守劉秀離，又拔賀城； 三輔豪杰多殺守令以應勛，凡三十餘壁，衆五萬人。 趙樂平王苞乃輟攻鄴之謀，使其將麻秋、姚國等將兵拒勛。 趙主遵遣車騎將軍王朗帥精騎二萬以討勛爲名，因劫苞送鄴。 勛兵少，畏朗，不敢進。 冬，十月，釋懸鈎，拔宛城，殺趙南陽太守袁景，復還梁州。
Sima Xun marched through Luogu, smashed Zhao's Great Wall garrison, and fortified at Xuandiao two hundred li from Chang'an. He sent Administrator Liu Huan against Chang'an; Liu beheaded Governor of Jingzhao Liu Xiuli and took Hecheng; magnates of the Three Adjuncts killed their local officials to join him—more than thirty fortified camps and fifty thousand men in all. Prince of Le Ping Bao abandoned his march on Ye and sent Ma Qiu, Yao Guo, and others to block Xun. Zhao's ruler Zun sent General of Chariots and Cavalry Wang Lang with twenty thousand picked cavalry, ostensibly to crush Xun but in truth to seize Bao and haul him back to Ye. Xun's force was too small. He feared Lang and dared not advance. In winter, the tenth month, he abandoned Xuandiao, took Wancheng, killed Zhao's Administrator of Nanyang Yuan Jing, and withdrew to Liangzhou.
38
初，趙主遵之發李城也，謂武興公閔曰：「努力！ 事成，以爾爲太子。」 既而立太子衍。 閔恃功。 欲專朝政，遵不聽。 閔素驍勇，屢立戰功，夷、夏宿將皆憚之。 既爲都督，總內外兵權，乃撫循殿中將士，皆奏爲殿中員外將軍，爵關外侯。 遵弗之疑，而更題名善惡以挫抑之，衆咸怨怒。 中書令孟准、左衛將軍王鸞勸遵稍奪閔兵權，閔益恨望，准等咸勸誅之。
Earlier, when Zhao's ruler Zun marched from Licheng, he told Duke of Military Glory Min, "Fight hard! Succeed, and I will make you heir." Yet afterward he made Yan crown prince instead. Min counted on his service. He sought to dominate the court; Zun refused. Min was fierce in battle and had won victory after victory; veteran generals, Di and Chinese alike, feared him. As commander-in-chief he held all military power. He courted the palace guards, had each named Extraordinary General of the Palace, and ennobled them as marquises outside the passes. Zun suspected nothing, yet graded the guards' names as good or bad to rein them in. They seethed with resentment. Chief of the Secretariat Meng Zhun and General of the Left Guard Wang Luan urged Zun to pare back Min's command. Min's hatred deepened, and Zhun and his allies pressed for his death.
39
十一月，遵召義陽王鑒、樂平王苞、汝陽王琨、淮南王昭等入議于鄭太后前，曰：「閔不臣之迹漸著，今欲誅之，如何？」 鑒等皆曰：「宜然！」 鄭氏曰：「李城還兵，無棘奴，豈有今日！ 小驕縱之，何可遽殺！」 鑒出，遣宦者楊環馳以告閔。 閔遂劫李農及右衛將軍王基密謀廢遵，使將軍蘇彥、周成帥甲士三千人執遵于南臺。 遵方與婦人彈棋，問成曰：「反者誰也？」 成曰：「義陽王鑒當立。」 遵曰：「我尚如是，鑒能幾時！」 遂殺之于琨華殿，幷殺鄭太后、張后、太子衍、孟准、王鸞及上光祿張斐。 鑒即位，大赦。 以武興公閔爲大將軍，封武德王，司空李農爲大司馬，幷錄尚書事。 郎闓爲司空，秦州刺史劉群爲尚書左僕射，侍中盧諶爲中書監。
In the eleventh month Zun summoned Princes Jian of Yiyang, Bao of Le Ping, Kun of Ruyang, Zhao of Huainan, and others to counsel before Empress Dowager Zheng: "Min's treason grows plain. I mean to kill him. What say you?" They all said, "It must be done!" Lady Zheng said, "When the army returned from Licheng, without Jinu, would you sit on the throne today? He is proud, yes, but only a little unruly. Why kill him in haste!" Jian left and sent the eunuch Yang Huan galloping to warn Min. Min then seized Li Nong and General of the Right Guard Wang Ji and plotted to depose Zun. He sent Generals Su Yan and Zhou Cheng with three thousand armored men to take Zun at the Southern Terrace. Zun was playing pitch-pot with his women when they seized him. He asked Cheng, "Who rebels?" Cheng said, "Prince Jian of Yiyang is to be enthroned." Zun said, "If I end like this, how long will Jian last!" They killed him in Kunhua Hall, together with Empress Dowager Zheng, Empress Zhang, Crown Prince Yan, Meng Zhun, Wang Luan, and Senior Master of Splendid Happiness Zhang Fei. Jian took the throne and proclaimed a general amnesty. He made Min Grand General and Prince of Wude, and Li Nong Grand Marshal with concurrent charge of the Masters of Writing. Lang Kan became Minister of Works, Liu Qun of Qinzhou became Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and Palace Attendant Lu Chen became Supervisor of the Masters of Writing.
40
秦、雍流民相帥西歸，路由枋頭，共推蒲洪爲主，衆至十餘萬。 洪子健在鄴，斬關出奔枋頭。 鑒懼洪之逼，欲以計遣之，乃以洪爲都督關中諸軍事、征西大將軍、雍州牧、領秦州刺史。 洪會官屬，議應受與不； 主簿程樸請且與趙連和，如列國分境而治。 洪怒曰：「吾不堪爲天子邪？ 而-{云}-列國乎！」 引樸斬之。
Refugees of Qin and Yong marched west together. Their road passed Fangtou, where they acclaimed Pu Hong as leader—a host of more than a hundred thousand. Hong's son Jian was at Ye. He broke through the gates and fled to Fangtou. Jian feared Hong's approach and tried to send him away with honors: Commander-in-Chief of the western passes, Western Expeditionary Grand General, Governor of Yongzhou, and concurrent Inspector of Qinzhou. Hong gathered his officers to debate whether to accept; Chief Clerk Cheng Pu urged a temporary alliance with Zhao, each ruling his own domain like the old feudal states. Hong raged. "Am I unfit to be Son of Heaven? And you would have me settle for a mere regional kingdom!" He had Pu executed on the spot.
41
都鄉元穆侯褚裒還至京口，聞哭聲甚多，以問左右，對曰：「皆代陂死者之家也。」 裒慚憤發疾； 十二月，己酉，卒。 以吳國內史荀羨爲使持節、監徐、兗二州、揚州之晋陵諸軍事、徐州刺史，時年二十八，中興方伯未有如羨之少者。
Chu Pou, Marquis Yuanmu of Duxiang, returned to Jingkou to a chorus of mourning. He asked his attendants, who said, "These are the families of the men lost at Daipo." Shame and rage brought on an illness; in the twelfth month, on the day jiyou, he died. Internal Administrator of Wu Xun Xian was made Bearer of the Staff, overseer of Xu and Yan and of Jincheng in Yangzhou, and Inspector of Xuzhou. He was twenty-eight—the youngest regional commander since the Restoration.
42
趙主鑒使樂平王苞、中書令李松、殿中將軍張才夜攻石閔、李農于琨華殿，不克，禁中擾亂。 鑒懼，僞若不知者，夜斬松、才于西中華門，幷殺苞。
Zhao's ruler Jian sent Prince Bao of Le Ping, Li Song, and Zhang Cai of the palace guard to strike Shi Min and Li Nong at Kunhua Hall by night. They failed, and the inner palace erupted in chaos. Jian panicked and feigned ignorance. That night he executed Song and Cai at the Western Zhonghua Gate and killed Bao as well.
43
新興王祗，虎之子也，時鎮襄國，與姚弋仲、蒲洪等連兵，移檄中外，欲共誅閔、農； 閔、農以汝陰王琨爲大都督，與張舉及侍中呼延盛帥步騎七萬分討祗等。
Prince Zhi of Xinxing, a son of Hu, held Xiangguo. He joined Yao Yizhong, Pu Hong, and others, issued a proclamation across the realm, and called for the execution of Min and Nong; Min and Nong made Prince Kun of Ruyang Grand Commander-in-Chief and, with Zhang Ju and Palace Attendant Huyan Sheng, marched seventy thousand foot and horse in separate columns against Zhi and his allies.
44
中領軍石成、侍中石啓、前河東太守石輝謀誅閔、農； 閔、農皆殺之。 龍驤將軍孫伏都、劉銖等帥羯士三千伏于胡天，亦欲誅閔、農。 鑒在中臺，伏都帥三十餘人將升臺挾鑒以攻之。 鑒見伏都毀閣道，臨問其故。 伏都曰：「李農等反，已在東掖門。 臣欲帥衛士以討之，謹先啓知。」 鑒曰：「卿是功臣，好爲官陳力。 朕從臺上觀，卿勿慮無報也。」 于是伏都、銖帥衆攻閔、農，不克，屯于鳳陽門。 閔、農帥衆數千毀金明門而入。 鑒懼閔之殺己，馳招閔、農，開門內之，謂曰：「孫伏都反，卿宜速討之。」 閔、農攻斬伏都等，自鳳陽至琨華，橫尸相枕，流血成渠。 宣令內外六夷，敢稱兵仗者斬。 胡人或斬關、或逾城而出者，不可勝數。
Central Army Commander Shi Cheng, Palace Attendant Shi Qi, and former Administrator of Hedong Shi Hui plotted to kill Min and Nong; Min and Nong killed them all. Dragon-Flying General Sun Fudu, Liu Zhuo, and others lay in ambush at Hutian with three thousand Jie warriors, also plotting to kill Min and Nong. Jian was in the Central Terrace. Fudu led more than thirty men who were about to climb the terrace, seize the emperor, and turn on Min and Nong. Seeing Fudu tear up the covered walkway, Jian came forward and asked why. Fudu said, "Li Nong and his faction have rebelled—they are already at the Eastern Yeye Gate. I wish to lead the palace guards to crush them and have come to report this first." Jian said, "You are a meritorious servant. Devote your strength to the realm. I shall watch from the terrace—you need not fear going unrewarded." Thereupon Fudu and Zhuo attacked Min and Nong but failed and drew up at Fengyang Gate. Min and Nong led several thousand men in, breaching Jinming Gate. Fearing Min would kill him, Jian hastily summoned Min and Nong, opened the gates, and said, "Sun Fudu has rebelled—you must strike him down at once." Min and Nong cut down Fudu and his men; from Fengyang to Kunhua the slain lay heap upon heap and blood ran in channels. An edict went out to the Six Barbarian peoples within and without the capital: anyone bearing arms would be executed. Countless Hu fled—some hacking through the gates, others scaling the walls.
45
閔使尚書王簡、少府王郁帥衆數千守鑒于御龍觀，懸食以給之。 下令城中曰：「近日孫、劉構逆，支黨伏誅，良善一無預也。 今日已後，與官同心者留，不同者各任所之。 敕城門不復相禁。」 于是趙人百里內悉入城，胡、羯去者填門。 閔知胡之不爲己用，班令內外：「趙人斬一胡首送鳳陽門者，文官進位三等，武官悉拜牙門。」 一日之中，斬首數萬。 閔親帥趙人以誅胡、羯，無貴賤、男女、少長皆斬之，死者二十餘萬，尸諸城外，悉爲野犬豺狼所食。 其屯戍四方者，閔皆以書命趙人爲將帥者誅之，或高鼻多鬚濫死者半。
Min posted Grand Secretaries Wang Jian and Wang Yu with several thousand troops to hold Jian at Imperial Dragon Watchtower and hung out provisions for his sustenance. He proclaimed to the city, "Sun and Liu recently plotted treason; their accomplices have been executed. The innocent are untouched. From this day on, those who stand with the government may stay; those who do not may go where they please. The gates were ordered open without restriction." Zhao subjects within a hundred li flooded into the city, while Hu and Jie pouring out filled the gates. Knowing the Hu would not serve him, Min proclaimed: "Any Zhao man who brings a Hu head to Fengyang Gate will see civil officials promoted three ranks and all military officers made gate commanders." In a single day tens of thousands of heads were taken. Min personally led Zhao troops in the slaughter of Hu and Jie—noble and humble, male and female, young and old, none spared. More than two hundred thousand died; their bodies outside the walls were devoured by wild dogs and wolves. In the garrisons across the realm Min sent orders to Zhao commanders to kill them; in some places half the victims were innocents killed merely for high noses and heavy beards.
46
燕王俊遣使至凉州，約張重華共擊趙。
Murong Jun of Yan sent envoys to Liangzhou to propose a joint strike against Zhao with Zhang Chonghua.
47
高句麗王釗送前東夷護軍宋晃于燕，燕王俊赦之，更名曰活，拜爲中尉。
King Chao of Goguryeo delivered former Protector of the East Barbarians Song Huang to Yan. Murong Jun pardoned him, renamed him Huo, and made him Central Captain.
48
春，正月，趙大將軍閔欲滅去石氏之迹，托以讖文有「繼趙李」，更國號曰衛，易姓李氏，大赦，改元青龍。 太宰趙庶、太尉張舉、中軍將軍張春、光祿大夫石岳、撫軍石寧、武衛將軍張季及公侯、卿、校、龍騰等萬餘人，出奔襄國，汝陰王琨奔冀州。 撫軍將軍張沈據滏口，張賀度據石瀆，建義將軍段勤據黎陽，寧南將軍楊群據桑壁，劉國據陽城，段龕據陳留，姚弋仲據灄頭，蒲洪據枋頭，衆各數萬，皆不附于閔。 勤，末柸之子； 龕，蘭之子也。
In spring, the first month, Zhao's Grand General Min sought to erase every trace of the Shi. Citing a prophecy that read "After Zhao comes Li," he renamed the state Wei, took the surname Li, declared a general amnesty, and adopted the era name Qinglong. Grand Tutor Zhao Shu, Grand Marshal Zhang Ju, Central Army General Zhang Chun, Household Grandee Shi Yue, Pacification General Shi Ning, Guards General Zhang Ji, and more than ten thousand nobles, ministers, colonels, and Dragon Soarers fled to Xiangguo. Prince Kun of Ruyang fled to Jizhou. Pacification General Zhang Shen held Fucou; Zhang Hedou, Shidu; Duan Qin, Liyang; Yang Qun, Sangbi; Liu Guo, Yangcheng; Duan Kan, Chenliu; Yao Yizhong, Tantou; Pu Hong, Fangtou—each commanded tens of thousands and none submitted to Min. Qin was a son of Mo Ti; Kan was a son of Lan.
49
王朗、麻秋自長安赴洛陽。 秋承閔書，誅朗部胡千餘人。 朗奔襄國。 秋帥衆歸鄴，蒲洪使其子龍驤將軍雄迎擊，獲之，以爲軍師將軍。
Wang Lang and Ma Qiu marched from Chang'an toward Luoyang. On Min's orders, Qiu executed more than a thousand Hu in Lang's command. Lang fled to Xiangguo. Qiu marched back to Ye. Pu Hong sent his son, Dragon-Flying General Xiong, to intercept him. Xiong captured Qiu and appointed him Strategist General.
50
汝陰王琨及張舉、王朗帥衆七萬伐鄴，大將軍閔帥騎千餘與戰于城北； 閔操兩刃矛，馳騎擊之，所向摧陷，斬首三千級，琨等大敗而去。 閔與李農帥騎三萬討張賀度于石瀆。
Prince Kun of Ruyang, Zhang Ju, and Wang Lang marched seventy thousand against Ye. Grand General Min met them north of the city with just over a thousand cavalry; Wielding a double-edged spear, Min charged. Wherever he rode the enemy line collapsed. Three thousand heads fell; Kun and the rest fled in rout. Min and Li Nong led thirty thousand cavalry against Zhang Hedou at Shidu.
51
閏月，衛主鑒密遣宦者賫書召張沈等，使乘虛襲鄴。 宦者以告閔、農，閔、農馳還，廢鑒，殺之，幷殺趙主虎三十八孫，盡滅石氏，姚弋仲子曜武將軍益、武衛將軍若帥禁兵數千斬關奔灄頭。 弋仲帥衆討閔，軍于混轎。
In the intercalary month, Wei ruler Jian secretly sent eunuchs with letters summoning Zhang Shen and others to strike Ye while it was undefended. A eunuch betrayed the plot to Min and Nong. They galloped back, deposed Jian, and killed him along with all thirty-eight grandsons of Hu—wiping out the Shi line. Yao Yizhong's sons Yi and Ruo led several thousand palace guards through the gates and fled to Tantou. Yizhong marched against Min and encamped at Hunjiao.
52
司徒申鐘等上尊號于閔，閔以讓李農，農固辭。 閔曰：「吾屬故晋人也，今晋室猶存，請與諸君分割州郡，各稱牧、守、公、侯，奉表迎晋天子還都洛陽，何如？」 尚書胡睦進曰：「陛下聖德應天，宜登在位，晋氏衰微，遠竄江表，豈能總馭英雄，混壹四海乎！」 閔曰：「胡尚書之言，可謂識機知命矣。」 乃即皇帝位，大赦，改元永興，國號大魏。
Minister of Education Shen Zhong and others offered Min the imperial title. Min tried to yield it to Li Nong, who firmly refused. Min said, "We were Jin subjects once. The Jin house endures. Let us divide the realm—each take governor or marquis—and submit a petition to welcome the Jin emperor home to Luoyang. What say you?" Chief of the Secretariat Hu Mu stepped forward: "Your Majesty's virtue answers Heaven—you must take the throne. The Jin are spent, driven south of the Yangzi. How could they command heroes or unite the realm?" Min said, "Minister Hu knows the moment and his place in it." He thereupon took the throne, declared an amnesty, adopted the era name Yongxing, and named the state Great Wei.
53
朝廷聞中原大亂，復謀進取。 己丑，以揚州刺史殷浩爲中軍將軍、假節、都督揚、豫、徐、兗、青五州諸軍事，以蒲洪爲氐王、使持節、征北大將軍、都督河北諸軍事、冀州剌史、廣川郡公； 蒲健爲假節、右將軍、監河北征討前鋒諸軍事、襄國公。
Hearing of chaos across the Central Plains, the Jin court again planned a northern advance. On the day jichou Yin Hao, Inspector of Yangzhou, was made Central Army General with acting full powers and commander of five provinces. Pu Hong was named King of the Di, granted the staff of authority, made Northern Expedition Grand General and Inspector of Jizhou, and enfeoffed as Duke of Guangchuan; Pu Jian was made Right General with acting full powers and commander of the Hebei vanguard, and enfeoffed as Duke of Xiangguo.
54
姚弋仲、蒲洪各有據關右之志。 弋仲遣其子襄帥衆五萬擊洪，洪迎擊，破之，斬獲三萬餘級。 洪自稱大都督、大將軍、大單于、三秦王，改姓苻氏。 以南安雷弱兒爲輔國將軍； 安定梁欏爲前將軍，領左長史； 馮翊魚遵爲右將軍，領右長史； 京兆段陵爲左將軍，領左司馬； 王墮爲右將軍，領右司馬； 天水趙俱、隴西牛夷、北地辛牢皆爲從事中郎； 氐酋毛貴爲單于輔相。
Yao Yizhong and Pu Hong each intended to seize the northwest. Yizhong sent his son Xiang with fifty thousand to attack Hong. Hong met them, won a crushing victory, and took more than thirty thousand heads. Hong proclaimed himself Grand Commander-in-Chief, Grand General, Grand Chanyu, and King of the Three Qin, and adopted the surname Fu. He appointed Lei Ruo'er of Nan'an Assistant State General; Liang Luo of Anding Forward General and Left Chief Clerk; Yu Zun of Fengyi Right General and Right Chief Clerk; Duan Ling of Jingzhao Left General and Left Major; Wang Duo Right General and Right Major; Zhao Ju of Tianshui, Niu Yi of Longxi, and Xin Lao of Beidi were all made Attendant Gentlemen; the Di chieftain Mao Gui Chanyu Assistant Chancellor.
55
二月，燕王俊使慕容霸將兵二萬自東道出徒河，慕輿于自西道出蠮螉塞，俊自中道出盧龍塞，以伐趙。 以慕容恪、鮮于亮爲前驅，命慕輿泥槎山通道。 留世子曄守龍城，以內史劉斌爲大司農，與典書令皇甫真留統後事。
In the second month Murong Jun sent Murong Ba with twenty thousand men east through Tuhe, Muyu Yu west through Xiemei Pass, and himself through Lulong Pass in the center—all marching against Zhao. Murong Ke and Xianyu Liang led the van; Muyu Ni was ordered to cut a mountain road. The heir apparent Ye remained at Longcheng; Internal Administrator Liu Bin was made Grand Minister of Agriculture and, with Master of Documents Huangfu Zhen, left to govern the rear.
56
霸軍至三陘，趙征東將軍鄧恒惶怖，焚倉庫，弃安樂遁去，與幽州刺史王午共保薊。 徙河南部都尉孫泳急入安樂，撲滅餘火，籍其穀帛。 霸收安樂、北平兵糧，與俊會臨渠。
Ba reached Sanshen. Zhao's Eastern Campaign General Deng Heng panicked, torched the granaries, abandoned Anle, and fled to Ji with Inspector of Youzhou Wang Wu. He sent Commandant of Henan Interior Sun Yong into Anle at once to extinguish the fires and inventory the grain and cloth. Ba collected the stores of Anle and Beiping and joined Jun at Linqu.
57
三月，燕兵至無終。 王午留其將王佗以數千人守薊，與鄧恒走保魯口。 乙巳，俊拔薊，執王佗，斬之。 俊欲悉坑其士卒千餘人，慕容霸諫曰：「趙爲暴虐，王興師伐之，將以拯民于塗炭而撫有中州也； 今始得薊而坑其士卒，恐不可以爲王師之先聲也。」 乃釋之。 俊入都于薊，中州士女降者相繼。 燕兵至范陽，范陽太守李産欲爲石氏拒燕，衆莫爲用，乃帥八城令長出降； 俊復以産爲太守。
In the third month the Yan army reached Wuzhong. Wang Wu left general Wang Tuo with several thousand men at Ji and withdrew with Deng Heng to Lukou. On the day yisi Jun took Ji, seized Wang Tuo, and executed him. Jun meant to bury alive the thousand-odd defenders. Murong Ba remonstrated: "Zhao ruled with cruelty. Your Majesty marched to rescue the people from misery and pacify the Central Plains; to massacre them the moment we take Ji would be a poor first note for a royal campaign." He spared them. Jun made Ji his capital, and Central Plains families surrendered in steady streams. At Fanyang, Administrator Li Chan tried to hold the city for the Shi, but none would follow. He led the magistrates of eight districts out to surrender; Jun reappointed him administrator.
58
産子績爲幽州別駕，弃其家從王午在魯口。 鄧恒謂午曰：「績鄉里在北，父已降燕，今雖在此，恐終難相保，徒爲人累，不如去之。」 午曰：「此何言也！ 夫以當今喪亂，而績乃能立義捐家，情節之重，雖古烈士無以過，乃欲以猜嫌害之？ 燕、趙之士聞之，謂我直相聚爲賊，了無意識。 衆情一散，不可復集，此爲坐自屠潰也。」 恒乃止。 午猶慮諸將不與己同心，或致非意，乃遣績歸。 績始辭午往見燕王俊，俊讓之曰：「卿不識天命，弃父邀名，今日乃始來邪！」 對曰：「臣眷戀舊主，志存微節，官身所在，何事非君！ 殿下方以義取天下，臣未謂得見之晚也。」 俊悅，善待之。
Chan's son Ji, Aide of Youzhou, had abandoned his family to follow Wang Wu at Lukou. Deng Heng told Wu, "Ji's home is in the north and his father has surrendered to Yan. He cannot be trusted here—he is only a liability. Better to send him away." Wu said, "What kind of talk is that! In these times of chaos he chose loyalty over family—a devotion ancient martyrs could not exceed—and you would kill him on suspicion? Men of Yan and Zhao will say we are nothing but bandits who have lost all sense of honor. Once morale breaks it cannot be restored—we would be destroying ourselves." Heng desisted. Wu still feared his generals might turn on him and sent Ji away. Ji left Wu and went to Murong Jun. Jun reproached him: "You defied Heaven's mandate, abandoned your father for reputation—only now do you come?" He replied, "I was bound to my former lord and held to a small integrity. Where one's office lies, that is one's sovereign! Your Highness wins the realm by righteousness. I do not consider myself late." Jun was pleased and treated him generously.
59
俊以弟宜爲代郡城郎，孫泳爲廣寧太守，悉置幽州郡縣守宰。
Jun made his brother Yi commandant of Dai, Sun Yong administrator of Guangning, and installed officials throughout Youzhou.
60
甲子，俊使中部俟厘慕輿句督薊中留事，自將擊鄧恒于魯口。 軍至清梁，恒將鹿勃早將數千人夜襲燕營，半已得入，先犯前鋒都督慕容霸，突入幕下，霸起奮擊，手殺十餘人，早不能進。 由是燕軍得嚴，俊謂慕輿根曰：「賊鋒甚銳，宜且避之。」 根正色曰：「我衆彼寡，力不相敵，故乘夜來戰，冀萬一獲利。 今求賊得賊，正當擊之，復何所疑！ 王但安臥，臣等自爲王破之！」 俊不能自安，內史李洪從俊出營外，屯高冢上。 根帥左右精勇數百人從中牙直前擊早，李洪徐整騎隊還助之，早乃退走。 衆軍追擊四十餘里，早僅以身免，所從士卒死亡略盡。 俊引兵還薊。
On the day jiazi Jun left Muyu Gou to govern Ji and marched in person against Deng Heng at Lukou. At Qingliang, Heng's general Lu Boao led several thousand in a night raid. Half the raiders were already inside when they struck Vanguard Commander Murong Ba in his tent. Ba leapt up and killed more than ten with his own hand; Boao could not press forward. The Yan camp rallied. Jun told Muyu Gen, "The enemy is fierce—we should pull back for now." Gen said sternly, "They are few and we are many—that is why they struck at night, gambling on surprise. We have found them—strike! What is there to hesitate over? Your Majesty need only rest—we will break them for you!" Jun could not settle. Internal Administrator Li Hong escorted him outside the camp to a high mound. Gen led several hundred picked warriors straight at Boao from the center; Li Hong wheeled the cavalry squadrons back to help; Boao fled. The army pursued more than forty li. Boao escaped with his life alone; his men were nearly all killed. Jun withdrew to Ji.
61
魏主閔復姓冉氏，尊母王氏爲皇太后，立妻董氏爲皇后，子智爲皇太子，胤、明裕皆爲王。 以李農爲太宰、領太尉、錄尚書事，封齊王，其子皆封縣公。 遣使者持節赦諸軍屯，皆不從。
Wei ruler Min restored the Ran surname, honored his mother Lady Wang as Empress Dowager, made his wife Lady Dong empress, his son Zhi crown prince, and Yin and Mingyu princes. Li Nong was made Grand Tutor and Grand Marshal with charge of the Masters of Writing, enfeoffed as Prince of Qi; his sons were all made county marquises. He sent envoys with the staff of authority to offer amnesty to the garrisons; none accepted.
62
麻秋說苻洪曰：「冉閔、石祗方相持，中原之亂未可平也。 不如先取關中，基業已固，然後東爭天下，誰能敵之！」 洪深然之。 既而秋因宴鴆洪，欲幷其衆； 世子健收秋斬之。 洪謂健曰：「吾所以未入關者，以爲中州可定； 今不幸爲竪子所困。 中州非汝兄弟所能辦，我死，汝急入關！」 言終而卒。 健代統其衆，乃去大都督、大將軍、三秦王之號，稱晋官爵，遣其叔父安來告喪，且請朝命。
Ma Qiu urged Fu Hong: "Ran Min and Shi Zhi are locked in stalemate. The Central Plains cannot be pacified yet. Better seize Guanzhong first. With a firm base, then contest the east—who could stand against you?" Hong strongly agreed. Soon afterward Qiu poisoned Hong at a feast, intending to absorb his troops; Crown Prince Jian arrested Qiu and beheaded him. Hong told Jian, "I stayed out of the Pass because I thought we could secure the Central Plains; Now that scoundrel has trapped me. The Central Plains is beyond you and your brothers. When I die, march into the Pass at once!" He spoke no more and died. Jian took command, shed the titles of Grand Commander, Grand General, and Prince of Three Qins, assumed Jin offices, and sent his uncle Fu An to report the death and seek court confirmation.
63
趙新興王祗即皇帝位于襄國，改元永守。 以汝陰王琨爲相國，六夷據州郡擁兵者皆應之。 祗以姚弋仲爲右丞相、親趙王，待以殊禮。 弋仲子襄，雄勇多才略，士民愛之，請弋仲以爲嗣，弋仲以襄非長子，不許； 請者日以千數，弋仲乃使之將兵。 祗以襄爲驃騎將軍、豫州刺史、新昌公。 又以苻健爲都督河南諸軍事、鎮南大將軍、開府儀同三司，兗州牧、略陽郡公。 夏，四月，趙主祗遣汝陰王琨將兵十萬伐魏。
Prince Zhi of Xinxing declared himself emperor at Xiangguo and adopted the era name Yongshou. He named Prince Kun of Ruyin chancellor of state; every tribal warlord holding a province answered the summons. Zhi made Yao Yizhong right chancellor and Prince Who Honors Zhao, honoring him with exceptional ceremony. Yizhong's son Xiang was bold and gifted; the people loved him and begged Yizhong to name him heir. Yizhong refused because Xiang was not the eldest son; Thousands petitioned each day until Yizhong finally gave him a command. Zhi named Xiang Rapid Cavalry General, inspector of Yuzhou, and Duke of Xinchang. Fu Jian was made commander of Henan armies, Pacifying South Grand General with staff equal to the Three Excellencies, governor of Yanzhou, and Duke of Lueyang. In summer, the fourth month, Zhao ruler Zhi sent Prince Kun of Ruyin with a hundred thousand men against Wei.
64
魏主閔殺李農及其三子，幷尚書令王謨、侍中王衍、中常待嚴震、趙升。 閔遣使臨江告晋曰：「逆胡亂中原，今已誅之； 能共討者，可遣軍來也」。 朝廷不應。
Wei ruler Min executed Li Nong and his three sons, along with Wang Mo, Wang Yan, Yan Zhen, and Zhao Sheng. Min sent envoys to the Yangzi to tell Jin: "The barbarian rebels ravaged the Central Plains. We have destroyed them; any who will join the campaign may send armies." The court ignored the offer.
65
五月，廬江太守袁真攻魏合肥，克之，虜其居民而還。
In the fifth month Lujiang administrator Yuan Zhen took Hefei from Wei, deported the population, and withdrew.
66
六月，趙汝陰王琨進據邯鄲，鎮南將軍劉國自繁陽會之。 魏衛將軍王泰擊琨，大破之，死者萬餘人。 劉國還繁陽。
In the sixth month Prince Kun of Ruyin seized Handan while Pacifying South General Liu Guo marched from Fanyang to join him. Wei guard general Wang Tai shattered Kun's army, killing more than ten thousand. Liu Guo withdrew to Fanyang.
67
初，段蘭卒于令支，段龕代領其衆，因石氏之亂，擁部落南徙。 秋，七月，龕引兵東據廣固，自稱齊王。
Duan Lan had died at Lingzhi, and Kan succeeded him. Exploiting the Shi collapse, Kan led his tribes south. In the seventh month Kan marched east, seized Guanggu, and declared himself King of Qi.
68
八月，代郡人趙榼帥三百餘家叛燕，歸趙幷州刺史張平。 燕王俊徙廣寧、上穀二郡民于徐無，代郡民于凡城。
In the eighth month Zhao Ke of Dai commandery led three hundred-odd households in revolt against Yan to join Zhao inspector Zhang Ping. Murong Jun resettled Guangning and Shanggu to Xuwu and moved Dai commandery's people to Fancheng.
69
王朗之去長安也，朗司馬京兆杜洪據長安，自稱晋征北將軍、雍州刺史，以馮翊張琚爲司馬； 關西夷、夏皆應之。 苻健欲取之，恐洪知之，乃受趙官爵。 以趙俱爲河內太守，戍溫； 牛夷爲安集將軍，戍懷； 治宮室于枋頭，課民種麥，示無西意，有知而不種者，健殺之以徇。 既而自稱晋征西大將軍、都督關中諸軍事、雍州刺史； 以武威賈玄碩爲左長史，洛陽梁安爲長史，段純爲左司馬，辛牢爲右司馬，京兆王魚、安定程肱、胡文等爲軍咨祭酒，悉衆而西。 以魚遵爲前鋒，行至盟津，爲浮梁以濟。 遣弟輔國將軍雄帥衆五千自潼關入，兄子揚武將軍菁帥衆七千自軹關入。 臨別，執菁手曰：「若事不捷，汝死河北，我死河南，不復相見。」 既濟，焚橋，自帥大衆隨雄而進。
After Wang Lang abandoned Chang'an, his registrar Du Hong of Jingzhao seized the city, styled himself Jin campaign north general and inspector of Yong, and made Zhang Ju of Fufeng his registrar; barbarians and Chinese across the west rallied to him. Fu Jian meant to seize the region but feared tipping his hand; he accepted Zhao titles as cover. Zhao Ju he made governor of Henei, garrisoning Wen; Niu Yi pacifying settlements general, garrisoning Huai; at Fangtou he built palaces and set the people to plant wheat, feigning no move west. Anyone who understood the ruse and refused to plant was executed as an example. Then he took Jin titles—campaign west grand general, commander of Guanzhong, inspector of Yong— and named Jia Xuanshuo, Liang An, Duan Chun, Xin Lao, Wang Yu, Cheng Gong, and Hu Wen to staff posts before marching west with his whole army. Yu Zun led the van; at Mengjin they threw a pontoon bridge across the river. His brother Xiong led five thousand through Tong Pass; his nephew Jing, seven thousand through Zhi Pass. Taking Jing's hand at parting he said, "If we fail, you die north of the river and I south—we shall not meet again. Once across, they burned the bridge. Jian led the main column after Xiong.
70
杜洪聞之，與健書，侮嫚之。 以張琚弟先爲征虜將軍，帥衆萬三千逆戰于潼關之北。 先兵大敗，走還長安。 洪悉召關中之衆以拒健。 洪弟郁勸洪迎健，洪不從； 郁帥所部降于健。
Du Hong answered Jian's advance with letters of abuse. He sent Zhang Ju's brother Xian with thirteen thousand men to meet them north of Tong Pass. Xian was routed and fled to Chang'an. Hong called up every force in Guanzhong to block Jian. Hong's brother Yu urged him to welcome Jian. Hong refused; Yu brought his division over to Jian.
71
健遣苻雄徇渭北。 氐酋毛受屯高陵，徐磋屯好畤，羌酋白犢屯黃白，衆各數萬，皆斬洪使，遣子降于健。 苻菁、魚遵所過城邑，無不降附。 洪懼，固守長安。
Jian sent Fu Xiong north of the Wei. Di chief Mao Shou held Gaoling, Xu Cuo Haozhi, Qiang chief Bai Du Huangbai—each commanded tens of thousands, killed Hong's envoys, and sent sons to surrender. Every town Jing and Yu Zun passed submitted. Terrified, Hong locked himself in Chang'an.
72
張賀度、段勤、劉國、靳豚會于昌城，將攻鄴。 魏主閔自將擊之，戰于蒼亭，賀度等大敗，死者二萬八千人，追斬靳豚于陰安，盡俘其衆而歸。 閔戎卒三十餘萬，旌旗、鉦鼓綿亘百餘里，雖石氏之盛，無以過也。
Zhang Hedou, Duan Qin, Liu Guo, and Jin Tun united at Changcheng to march on Ye. Min met them at Cangting in person. Hedou's coalition was destroyed—twenty-eight thousand dead. Min pursued, killed Jin Tun at Yin'an, and took every survivor captive. Min now fielded three hundred thousand men; banners and drums stretched a hundred li—surpassing even Shi Hu at his zenith.
73
故晋散騎常侍隴西辛謐，有高名，歷劉、石之世，徵辟皆不就； 閔備禮徵爲太常。 謐遺閔書，以爲：「物極則反，致至則危。 君王功已成矣，宜因茲大捷，歸身晋朝，必有由、夷之廉，享松、喬之壽矣。」 因不食而卒。
Xin Mi of Longxi, former Jin regular cavalier attendant, enjoyed great fame and had refused every office under Liu and Shi; Min summoned him with full honors as grand minister of ceremonies. “Mi wrote Min that when things reach extremes they reverse, and when power peaks danger follows. Your triumph is complete. Turn now to Jin while victory is fresh—you may yet win the integrity of Boyi and Shuqi and the long life of the immortals." He starved himself to death.
74
九月，燕王俊南徇冀州，取章武、河間。 初，勃海賈堅，少尚氣節，仕趙爲殿中督。 趙亡，堅弃魏主閔還鄉里，擁部曲數千家。 燕慕容評徇勃海，遣使招之，堅終不降。 評與戰，擒之。 俊以評爲章武太守，封裕爲河間太守。 俊與慕容恪皆愛賈堅之材。 堅時年六十餘，恪聞其善射，置牛百步上以試之。 堅曰：「少之時能令不中，今老矣，往往中之。」 乃射再發，一矢拂脊，一矢磨腹，皆附膚落毛，上下如一，觀者咸服其妙。 俊以堅爲樂陵太守，治高城。
In the ninth month Murong Jun swept south through Ji, taking Zhangwu and Hejian. Jia Jian of Bohai had been a spirited youth who served Zhao as palace director. When Zhao fell he abandoned Min, went home, and raised several thousand retainers. Murong Ping of Yan marched through Bohai and summoned him; Jian refused. Ping fought and took him. Jun made Ping governor of Zhangwu and Feng Yu governor of Hejian. Jun and Murong Ke both prized Jia Jian's talent. Jian was past sixty. Hearing of his archery, Ke set an ox a hundred paces off to test him. Jian said, "In youth I could miss at will. Old age—I mostly hit. He loosed twice—one arrow grazing the spine, one the belly, each shaving hide and knocking free a tuft of hair with identical precision. The watchers marveled. Jun made Jian governor of Leling from Gaocheng.
75
苻菁與張先戰于渭北，擒之，三輔郡縣堡壁皆降。 冬，十月，苻健長驅至長安，杜洪、張琚奔司竹。
Fu Jing defeated and captured Xian north of the Wei; every fortress of the three metropolitan districts surrendered. In the tenth month Fu Jian raced to Chang'an. Du Hong and Zhang Ju fled to Sizhu.
76
燕王俊還薊，留諸將守之； 俊還龍城，謁陵廟。
Murong Jun withdrew to Ji, leaving garrisons behind; then marched to Longcheng to honor the ancestral shrines.
77
十一月，魏主閔帥騎十萬攻襄國。 署其子太原王胤爲大單于、驃騎大將軍，以降胡一千配之爲麾下。 光祿大夫韋謏諫曰：「胡、羯皆我之仇敵，今來歸附，苟存性命耳； 萬一爲變，悔之何及！ 請誅屏降胡，去單于之號，以防微杜漸。」 閔方欲撫納群胡，大怒，誅謏及其子伯陽。
In the eleventh month Min led a hundred thousand horse against Xiangguo. He named his son Yin, prince of Taiyuan, grand chanyu and rapid cavalry grand general, with a thousand surrendered barbarians as his guard. Household minister Wei Xu warned: "Hu and Jie are our mortal enemies. They submit only to survive; if they rebel, regret will come too late. Execute the surrendered barbarians and abolish the chanyu title before trouble starts." Min, bent on winning the barbarians over, flew into a rage and killed Xu and his son Boyang.
78
甲午，苻健入長安，以民心思晋，乃遣參軍杜山伯詣建康獻捷，幷修好于桓溫。 于是秦、雍夷夏皆附之。 趙凉州刺史石寧獨據上邽不下，十二月，苻雄擊斬之。
On jiawu day Fu Jian entered Chang'an. Reading the people's hearts as loyal to Jin, he sent Du Shanbo to Jiankang with news of victory and an overture to Huan Wen. Then every tribe and town of Qin and Yong joined him. Only Zhao's Liangzhou inspector Shi Ning held Shanggui. In the twelfth month Fu Xiong attacked and killed him.
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蔡謨除司徒，三年不就職； 詔書屢下，太后遣使諭意，謨終不受。 于是帝臨軒，遣侍中紀據、黃門郎丁纂徵謨； 謨陳疾篤，使主簿謝攸陳讓。 自旦至申，使者十餘返，而謨不至。 時帝方八歲，甚倦，問左右曰：「所召人何以至今不來？ 臨軒何時當竟？」 太后以君臣俱疲，乃詔：「必不來者，宜罷朝。」 中軍將軍殷浩奏免吏部尚書江虨官。 會稽王昱令曹曰：「蔡公傲違上命，無人臣之禮。 若人主卑屈于上，大義不行于下，亦不知所以爲政矣。」 公卿乃奏：「謨悖慢傲上，罪同不臣，請送廷尉以正刑書。」 謨懼，帥子弟素服詣闕稽顙，自到廷尉待罪。 殷浩欲加謨大辟。 會徐州刺史荀羨入朝，浩以問羨，羨曰：「蔡公今日事危，明日必有桓、文之舉。」 浩乃止。 下詔免謨爲庶人。
Cai Mo was appointed secretary of state but refused the office for three years; edicts piled up and the empress dowager sent envoys, but Mo still refused. The emperor held court and dispatched Ji Ju and Ding Zuan to summon Mo; Mo pleaded grave illness and sent his chief clerk Xie You to decline. From dawn to midafternoon a dozen envoys shuttled back and forth; Mo never appeared. The eight-year-old emperor wearied and asked his attendants, "Why has the man we summoned not come? When will this session end?" Seeing ruler and ministers exhausted, the empress dowager issued an edict: "If he will not come, dismiss court. Army general Yin Hao memorialized to dismiss Jiang Pi as director of the masters of writing. Prince Yu of Kuaiji told the ministry: "Lord Cai has defied the throne—no subject's courtesy remains. If the throne humbles itself while law dies below, government itself is impossible." The high ministers memorialized: "Mo's insolence equals treason—send him to the Court of Justice for sentencing. Terrified, Mo led sons and nephews in white to the palace gate to prostrate himself, then surrendered to the Court of Justice. Yin Hao pressed for execution. Inspector Xun Xian of Xuzhou arrived at court. Hao consulted him. Xian said, "Lord Cai is cornered today; tomorrow he may act like Duke Huan or Duke Wen. Hao desisted. An edict stripped Mo to commoner rank.